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WO2024003959A1 - Dispositif de distribution d'un mélange gazeux, appareil de distribution correspondant et procédé d'utilisation correspondant - Google Patents

Dispositif de distribution d'un mélange gazeux, appareil de distribution correspondant et procédé d'utilisation correspondant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024003959A1
WO2024003959A1 PCT/IT2023/050153 IT2023050153W WO2024003959A1 WO 2024003959 A1 WO2024003959 A1 WO 2024003959A1 IT 2023050153 W IT2023050153 W IT 2023050153W WO 2024003959 A1 WO2024003959 A1 WO 2024003959A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gas
sensor
duct
flow rate
control unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IT2023/050153
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Marco MASCIOLINI
Luca MASTELLARI
Filiberto Rimondo
Pierluigi Tiberi
Roberto Mottola
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sit SpA
Original Assignee
Sit SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sit SpA filed Critical Sit SpA
Priority to CN202380049119.5A priority Critical patent/CN119585571A/zh
Priority to EP23741492.5A priority patent/EP4544238A1/fr
Publication of WO2024003959A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024003959A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details
    • F23D14/62—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for controlling combustion
    • F23N2900/05005—Mounting arrangements for sensing, detecting or measuring devices

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a device for delivering a gaseous mixture, a corresponding delivery apparatus and corresponding method of use, suitable for use in a delivery apparatus in which a mixture of two gases is used.
  • the present invention concerns a delivery device, and the corresponding method of use, suitable to be used in a delivery apparatus comprising a combustion apparatus in which a mixture of combustible gas and air is used as fuel.
  • the combustion apparatuses in question may comprise burners such as boilers, storage water heaters, stoves, ovens, fireplaces, or other similar or comparable apparatuses.
  • combustion apparatuses fed by a mixture of air and second gas, or combustible gaseous mixture are provided with a delivery device which allows to regulate the quantity of second gas to be sent to a mixing zone in order to mix it with comburent air.
  • the delivery device generally comprises a duct for feeding the first gas and a duct for feeding the second gas, which join in a common duct in a mixing zone.
  • Feed means are generally provided along the second gas duct, generally a valve device comprising an aperture which is selectively opened and closed by means of a safety solenoid valve and a pressure regulator. In some cases, there may also be a flow regulator which varies the passage section of the second gas.
  • the second gas fed into the delivery device, and therefore to the burner can contain one or more natural gases, such as methane, LPG (liquefied petroleum gas), or hydrogen.
  • natural gases such as methane, LPG (liquefied petroleum gas), or hydrogen.
  • the gaseous mixture that is sent to the burner when fully operational normally has to comply with a specific first gas/second gas ratio, with respect to the first gas/second gas stoichiometric value defined by the , ⁇ (lambda) coefficient, to allow high efficiency of the system and at the same time to guarantee complete combustion of the gas, limiting the generation of combustion residues.
  • Document GB2566143A describes a venturi nozzle for mixing two fluids, in particular air and gas.
  • One purpose of the present invention is to provide a delivery device that is compact and simple to use and implement.
  • One purpose of the present invention is to provide a delivery device whose operation is not affected by possible wear or damage to its parts or components.
  • One purpose of the present invention is to provide a delivery device which allows to quickly and easily carry out any functional checks or replacement of the components.
  • One purpose of the present invention is to provide a delivery device, and to perfect a corresponding method of use, which guarantees in every situation a correct feed of the gaseous mixture into combustion apparatuses both when traditional fuels such as natural gas, methane or LPG are used, and also in the case of gases with a high percentage of hydrogen, and also with 100% hydrogen.
  • Another purpose is to provide a delivery apparatus which prevents the risk of explosions or flashbacks, especially in the ignition step.
  • Another purpose is to perfect a method for using a delivery apparatus which allows effective and safe delivery of the fuel without needing to provide the use of combustion detectors, or lambda sensors.
  • a further purpose of the invention is also to provide a delivery apparatus which can possibly be converted with minimal modifications, in order to be used with different types of gases.
  • the Applicant has devised, tested and embodied the present invention to overcome the shortcomings of the state of the art and to obtain these and other purposes and advantages.
  • a device for delivering a gaseous mixture of a first gas and a second gas which comprises a body that defines a first duct in which the first gas flows and a second duct in which the second gas flows, wherein the first duct and the second duct join together in a mixing zone.
  • the delivery device comprises a first sensor configured to determine a flow rate of the first gas, and at least one of either a second or a third sensor configured to determine a flow rate of the second gas, wherein the first sensor, the second and/or third sensor are positioned adjacent to each other and installed on a same side of the body.
  • a third sensor can also be provided, which is also configured to determine a flow rate of the second gas and is disposed on the same side of the body where the first and second sensor are positioned.
  • the first sensor, the second sensor and the possible third sensor are positioned in a recesses formed in the body and are kept in position by a containing plate.
  • the containing plate is attached to the body by means of attachment means and comprises at least one aperture configured to allow access to the first sensor, to the second sensor and to the third sensor.
  • the at least one aperture is configured to allow access to connectors for the power supply and/or data exchange of the first sensor, of the second sensor and of the third sensor.
  • the delivery device comprises a printed circuit board installed in the recess, with/on which there are connected and/or installed the first, second and/or third sensor, and an integrated control unit configured to control at least the operation of the first, second and/or third sensor.
  • the first sensor, the second sensor and the possible third sensor are positioned inside a containing casing, which is connected externally to the support body by means of attachment members of the removable type.
  • through holes are provided on the support body for the passage of respective air flows from the support body to the sensors, and vice versa.
  • the support body in the connection zone of the containing casing, is closed by a removable closing plate on which the through holes are made.
  • the first, the second and the possible third sensor can all be installed on a same printed circuit board, or PCB, inserted in the containing casing. In this way, it is sufficient to insert and attach the board with the sensors in the casing and then align the sensors with the through holes and attach the containing casing to the support body.
  • an integrated control unit can also be provided on the electronic board.
  • the containing casing can be provided with protruding ducts configured to be inserted in the through holes and allow the flow of respective air flows toward the sensors and toward the support body, respectively.
  • the first sensor, the second sensor and the third sensor are selected from a differential pressure sensor and a flow sensor, in particular of the thermal-mass type.
  • the first sensor is configured to determine the flow rate of the first gas in the first duct, between an inlet aperture and a narrowing.
  • the second sensor and the third sensor are configured to measure a pressure difference between a point of the first duct upstream of the narrowing and a point of the second duct.
  • an apparatus for delivering a gaseous mixture which comprises a delivery device and a ventilation device configured to regulate the flow rate, Q A , of the first gas in the first duct.
  • the apparatus for delivering a gaseous mixture comprises a control unit configured to control the ventilation device in order to regulate the flow rate of the first gas by controlling a rotation speed of a rotating element of the ventilation device.
  • the ⁇ coefficient is comprised in a first interval between 2 and 5, in an initial step of the method, and it is comprised in a second interval between 1.2 and 2 in a step that follows the initial step, wherein, when the gas user device is a burner, the initial step corresponds to a step of ignition of the gas user device.
  • - fig. la is a schematic view of a first variant of a delivery apparatus according to the present invention in a first configuration
  • - fig. lb is a schematic view of a delivery apparatus according to the present invention in a second configuration
  • - fig. 2a is an isometric view of a device for delivering a gaseous mixture according to the present invention
  • - fig. 2b is a top view of the delivery device of fig. 2a;
  • - figs. 3a, 3b, and 3c are sections of the delivery device according to the plane Illa, Illb, and IIIc, respectively, indicated in fig. 2b;
  • - fig. 4a is an isometric view of a delivery apparatus according to the present invention in accordance with a variant;
  • - fig. 4b is a partial view sectioned along the plane IV of fig. 4a;
  • FIG. 5 schematically shows a method for using an apparatus for delivering a gaseous mixture according to an example of the invention
  • FIG. 6 schematically shows another method for using an apparatus for delivering a gaseous mixture according to an example of the invention
  • - fig. 7a is an exploded isometric view of a delivery apparatus according to the present invention in accordance with another variant;
  • - fig. 7b is an exploded view of a component of the apparatus of fig. 7a;
  • - fig. 7c is a partial section view of the apparatus of fig. 7a in an assembled condition.
  • an apparatus 200 for delivering a gaseous mixture M comprises a mixing and delivery device 10 and is configured to cooperate with a gas user apparatus 50.
  • the gaseous mixture M is a mixture of a first gas A and a second gas G.
  • the gas user apparatus 50 is a combustion apparatus, a burner.
  • the first gas A is air
  • the second gas G is a combustible gas such as natural gas, methane, LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas), a mixture of natural gases but also a mixture of gases containing hydrogen.
  • the device 10 is suitable to use a second gas G with high percentages of hydrogen, even higher than 30-40%, preferably higher than 50-60%, and even more in particular containing only 100% hydrogen.
  • the gaseous mixture M is defined by a volume ratio of the first gas A to the second gas G with respect to the stoichiometric volume ratio, also called the Z (lambda) coefficient.
  • the Z coefficient can be adjusted so as to assume different values according to the combustion step, such as the ignition value Zi or the steady state or normal operation value 2.
  • the value Zi in the ignition step the value Zi can be comprised in a first interval I 1 ; in normal operation, the value Z2 can be comprised in a second interval I2.
  • the value Zi in the case of hydrogen in very high volume percentages, or at 100%, it is necessary for the value Zi to assume a high value, greater than 1 (high excess of the first gas), in order to prevent dangerous flashback phenomena caused by the high propagation speed of the hydrogen-oxygen combustion, which in some cases could irreparably damage some components of the combustion apparatus and create dangerous situations.
  • the value Z-i can be equal to at least 3-4 times the value Z2.
  • the intervalI 1 can be substantially comprised between 2 and 5, preferably equal to about 4, and the interval I2 can be comprised between about 1.2 and 2, and preferably equal to about 1.3 - 1.5.
  • the value Zi can be different from the value Z2 during normal operation: in the case of ignitions with very low temperatures, for example, it is usually advisable for there to be a higher quantity of the second gas G.
  • typical values of Zi during ignition for a second gas G other than hydrogen could be comprised between 1 and 2.
  • the intervalI 1 can be comprised between 1 and 4 and the interval I2 can be comprised between 1 and 2, preferably between 1.2 and 1.5.
  • Drawings 2a, 2b, 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, 4a, 4b, 7a, 7b and 7c show a mixing and delivery device 10 that can be used in the delivery apparatus 200 according to one example of the invention.
  • the device 10 comprises a body 15 which defines a first duct 11 for feeding the first gas A and a second duct 12 for feeding the second gas G.
  • the first duct 11 is configured to allow the entry of the first gas A through an inlet aperture 10a and the delivery of the mixture M of the first gas A and second gas G through a delivery aperture 10b (fig. 3a).
  • the first duct 11 can comprise, downstream of the inlet aperture 10a, a laminator element 20 configured to make the flow of the first gas A laminar and generate a pressure difference between the zones located upstream and downstream thereof.
  • the laminator element 20, when present, is located upstream of a section narrowing 18 present in the first duct 11 of the device 10 and defining a Venturi effect nozzle upstream of the mixing zone 13.
  • the narrowing 18 can be formed by the body 15 or it can be defined by a tapered portion 14 of the first duct 11 having a variable section, which progressively decreases, linearly or according to a curvilinear trend, in the direction of flow of the first gas A.
  • the tapered portion 14 has, in section view, a curvilinear linear wall 14a with concavity facing inward.
  • the tapered portion 14 can be formed by a suitable shape of the first duct 11 itself, or it can be a separate component inserted in the first duct 11 , possibly cooperating with an internal wall 11 a thereof, or with a seating made therein to obtain a sealed coupling. Suitable gaskets can also be provided.
  • the tapered portion 14 is connected to the laminator element 20 by means of hooking members 16.
  • these hooking members 16 can comprise a pair of protruding tabs suitable to be inserted in special seatings provided on the laminator element 20.
  • both the first duct 11 and the second duct 12, as well as a mixing duct 39 delimiting the mixing zone 13, are integrated in the body 15.
  • the mixing duct 39 can be made in continuity and/or in a single body with the first duct 11, and define a part of the latter or be separate.
  • the mixing duct 39 comprises a mouthpiece 40 having a diameter greater than that of the narrowing 18 and located coaxially therewith, whereby between the narrowing 18 and the mouthpiece 40 there is defined a passage 41 for the second gas G.
  • the mixing duct 39 can have a section that increases from the mouthpiece 40 toward the delivery aperture 10b of the delivery device 10, whereby the mixing between the first A and the second G gas is facilitated.
  • the second duct 12 comprises an inlet aperture 12a configured to allow the entry of the second gas G and an outlet aperture 12b which flows into the first duct 11 in correspondence with the narrowing 18 and which allows the introduction of the second gas G into the mixing zone 13.
  • the second duct 12 flows into an accumulation chamber 43, which extends around the tapered portion 14 and the narrowing 18 and communicates with the mouthpiece 40 through the passage 41.
  • the second duct 12 can comprise, upstream of the outlet aperture 12b, a nozzle 12c, or a choke, configured to allow the delivery of the second gas G into the accumulation zone 43 through the outlet aperture 12b.
  • the second duct 12 comprises a coupling portion 12d configured to allow the coupling, or attachment, to an external element such as a second source S2 of the second gas G, a pipe, a duct, and suchlike.
  • an external element such as a second source S2 of the second gas G, a pipe, a duct, and suchlike.
  • the coupling portion 12d is shown as a threaded element.
  • the coupling portion 12d can consist of any element whatsoever which allows a secure coupling, that is, one without leakages, between two elements of a fluidic, hydraulic or pneumatic system.
  • the device 10 also comprises a first coupling element 15a positioned in correspondence with the inlet aperture 10a and a second coupling element 15b positioned in correspondence with the delivery aperture 10b.
  • the first coupling element 15a and the second coupling element 15b are configured to allow the coupling or attachment of the device 10 with, respectively, a first source S 1 of the first gas A and the user device 50.
  • the first gas A delivered by the source enters the first duct 11 through the inlet aperture 10a and flows toward the delivery aperture 10b.
  • the laminator element 20 is present, in its path inside the first duct 11 , the flow of the first gas A is made laminar by the laminator element 20, which typically comprises a plurality of laminator ducts 20a having a longitudinal size, in a direction parallel to the direction of the flow of the first gas A, much greater than a transverse size in a direction transverse with respect to the direction of the flow of the first gas A.
  • the laminator element 20 generally consists of a plurality of tightly packed pipes, which are parallel to the first duct 11 and have a length, measured in the direction of the flow of the first gas A, which greatly exceeds the size of their internal diameter, measured in a direction transverse with respect to the direction of the flow of the first gas A.
  • the laminator element 20 is inserted in the first duct 11 in such a way as to entirely occupy its cross section, so that the flow of the first gas A becomes laminar after passing through the plurality of laminator ducts 20a of the laminator element 20, or in any case its pressure decreases.
  • the structure of the laminator element 20 will not be further explored here.
  • the person of skill in the art will know which devices or elements to use in order to make the flow of the first gas A laminar upstream of the narrowing 18.
  • the first gas A reaches the narrowing 18 in which, due to the Bernoulli effect, it increases its speed, creating at the same time a decrease in its pressure.
  • the second gas G which flows in the second duct 12 and in the accumulation chamber 43 passes through the passage 41 and enters the mixing zone 13, where it mixes with the first gas A, forming a gaseous mixture M.
  • the mixing zone 13 can be a terminal part of the first duct 11 , that is, the mixing duct 39, where the first gas A and the second gas G meet and mix to form the gaseous mixture M which is delivered to the gas user device 50 through the delivery aperture 10b.
  • the device 10 also comprises a plurality of sensors 30 configured to measure physical characteristics of the flow of the first gas A and of the flow of the second gas G.
  • the plurality of sensors 30 is installed on the body 15 of the device 10. According to some embodiments, the plurality of sensors is integrated in the body 15 of the device 10.
  • the plurality of sensors 30 is attached on the body 15 of the device 10.
  • the plurality of sensors 30 comprises a first sensor 30a configured to determine a flow rate of the flow of the first gas A and at least one second sensor 30b configured to measure a pressure difference between the first duct 11 and the second duct 12.
  • the measurements obtained thanks to the first sensor 30a and the at least one second sensor 30b are used together to determine the ratio between a flow of the first gas A and a flow of the second gas G.
  • each of the plurality of sensors 30 can be a pressure sensor of the differential type for measuring the pressure difference of a gas between two zones of a duct or, preferably, a flow sensor for determining the pressure difference between two zones of a duct by measuring a flow of the gas.
  • the plurality of sensors 30, 30a, 30b, 30c is positioned externally to the first duct 11 and is in fluidic connection with it through channels formed in the body 15 of the device 10.
  • the first sensor 30a is in fluidic connection with a front zone 31 of the first duct 11 , upstream of the laminator element 20 when this is present, through a first front channel 33 a, and with a rear zone 32 of the first duct 11 , downstream of the front zone 31 and upstream of the narrowing 18, through a first rear channel 34a.
  • the rear zone 32 can be located inside the tapered portion 14 in proximity to the narrowing 18.
  • the rear zone 32 can be located between the laminator element 20 and the tapered portion 14.
  • the second sensor 30b is in fluidic connection with the front zone 31 of the first duct 11 , upstream of the laminator element 20 when this is present, through a second front channel, not shown, and with a measurement zone 35 of the second duct 12 through a second rear channel 34b.
  • the third sensor 30c is in fluidic connection with the front zone 31 of the first duct 11 , upstream of the laminator element 20 when this is present, through a third front channel, not shown, and with a measurement zone 35 of the second duct 12 through a third rear channel 34c.
  • the first 33 a, second, and third front channel are formed in the body 15 of the device 10 and comprise a series of turns and bends for fluidly connecting the sensor associated therewith with the front zone 31 of the first duct 11. Moreover, the first
  • second, and third front channel can be formed in such a way as to comprise a path around the circumference of the first duct 11.
  • the front and/or rear channels also have the function of carrying the gas toward the respective sensors 30 and reintroducing it into the main flow.
  • first sensor 30a, the second sensor 30b and the possible third sensor 30c are positioned adjacent to each other on a same side of the body 15, in proximity to and/or in correspondence with an external surface thereof.
  • the plurality of sensors 30, 30a, 30b, and 30c can be positioned in one or more recesses 23 formed in the body 15, and it can be kept in position by a containing plate 37, attached to the body 15 by means of attachment means 38 such as screws, bolts and suchlike, which comprises at least one aperture 37a configured to allow access to the plurality of sensors 30, in particular to allow access to the connectors for power supply and/or data exchange.
  • attachment means 38 such as screws, bolts and suchlike
  • This disposition of the sensors 30a, 30b, and 30c achieves the advantage of optimizing the space occupied by the device 10 and allows a rapid connection or disconnection of the sensors 30a, 30b, and 30c to prepare the device 10. Furthermore, this solution facilitates maintenance of the sensors 30a, 30b, and 30c.
  • the sensors 30 are positioned adjacent to each other and kept in position by the containing plate 37.
  • This configuration facilitates the operations of repair, maintenance, installation, or replacement of the device 10 and of the sensors 30.
  • three recesses 23 can be provided in the body 15, each suitable to house a sensor 30a, 30b, 30c, and each aligned with a respective aperture 37a of the containing plate 37.
  • a single recess 23 is provided in the body 15 in which all the sensors 30 are housed.
  • the sensors 30 can all be housed in a containing casing 44, for example made of plastic material, which is in turn inserted in the recess 23.
  • the sensors 30 can each be connected to an external control unit, for example to the control unit 230 of the delivery apparatus 200.
  • the device 10 can comprise an integrated control unit 45, configured to control at least part of the operation of the sensors 30, which can be installed inside the body 15.
  • the integrated control unit 45 can be connected to and communicate with the control unit 230.
  • the integrated control unit 45 can be created on a printed circuit board 46, or PCB.
  • the sensors 30 can be connected to and/or integrated in the board 46.
  • the board 46 can be disposed in the recess 23, inside the containing casing 44, if present, positioned above them, on the side opposite the withdrawal points 24a, 24b, 24c which communicate with the respective front and/or rear channels.
  • the sensors 30 can be inserted in a containing casing 144, which is connected externally to the body 15 by means of attachment members 47 of the removable type, for example screws.
  • through holes 48 are provided on the body 15 for the passage of respective air flows A from the body 15 to the sensors 30, and vice versa.
  • the through holes 48 are put in fluidic communication with the respective front and rear channels 33, 34.
  • the body 15 in the connection zone of the containing casing 144 the body 15 is closed by a removable closing plate 137 on which the through holes 48 are made.
  • the closing plate 137 can also be connected to the body 15 by means of screws 47 or suchlike.
  • the first 30a, the second 30b and the possible third sensor 30c can all be installed on a same printed circuit board 46, or PCB, inserted in the containing casing 144.
  • This solution further facilitates the assembly of the sensors 30 on the body, since it is possible to insert and attach the board 46 with the sensors 30 in the containing casing 144 and subsequently align the sensors 30 with the through holes 48 and attach the containing casing 144 to the body 15.
  • an integrated control unit 45 can also be provided on the board 46.
  • the containing casing 144 can be provided with ducts 145 protruding externally from a bottom wall 146 and configured to be inserted in the through holes 48 and allow the flow of respective air flows toward the sensors 30 and toward the body 15, respectively.
  • gasket elements 149 can be provided, for example O-rings, disposed during use between the ducts 145 and the through holes 48 in order to prevent possible leakages of the air flow.
  • a pair of ducts 145 can be provided, which act respectively as inlet and outlet for each of the sensors 30 present.
  • the ducts 145 can be made directly on the casing 144 if this has a box-like shape, or on a support element 147 configured to be inserted in the containing casing 144.
  • the support element 147 can also have the function of positioning and closing the board 46 and/or the sensors 30 disposed inside the containing casing 144. According to some embodiments, for example shown in figs.
  • the containing casing 144 comprises a covering element 148, closed on five sides, configured to define the upper and lateral walls of the containing casing 144, and the support element 147, inserted during use in the covering element 148, can be provided with the bottom wall 146 which closes the containing casing on the opposite side with respect to the covering element 148.
  • the second and third sensor 30b and 30c when created as flow sensors, respectively, detect a flow of the first gas A from the duct 11 to the duct 12 and determine, on the basis of the flow detected, a pressure difference.
  • the first gas A enters, respectively, in the second and third front channel and exits from the second and third rear channel 34b and 34c, entering in the second duct 12.
  • the flow of the portion of first gas A on which a measurement is performed by the second and third sensor 30b and 30c, respectively, passes from the first duct 11 to the second duct 12 passing through the second rear channel 34b and the third rear channel 34c, respectively.
  • the flow of the portion of first gas A is preferably always directed from the first 11 to the second duct 12, in order to prevent the second gas G from entering the second and/or third sensor 30b and 30c, respectively, damaging them, or even escaping into the first duct 11 , potentially causing a flashback.
  • the second and/or third sensor 30b and 30c, respectively are created as sensors of the thermo-mass type, they can also measure its mass.
  • the pressure difference is calculated as a function of the deformation/position of a membrane which separates the respective front and rear channels.
  • the delivery apparatus 200 also comprises a ventilation device 210 configured to move the first gas A and positioned downstream or upstream of the device 10.
  • the ventilation device 210 is positioned inside the first duct 11.
  • fig. la shows the ventilation device 210 disposed upstream of the mixing zone 13 and operating in suction mode
  • fig. lb the ventilation device 210 is disposed downstream of the mixing zone 13 and operates in thrust mode.
  • the action of the ventilation device 210 operating in suction mode that is, downstream of the mixing zone 13, also contributes to suck in the second gas G present in the second duct 12 together with the pressure of the second gas G itself.
  • this effect can also be achieved with the ventilation device 210 operating in thrust mode, that is, upstream of the mixing zone 13.
  • the apparatus can further comprise a speed sensor 42 to measure the rotation speed of the ventilation device 210.
  • the speed sensor 42 is suitable to detect the drive level of the ventilation device 210, that is, its real operation.
  • the speed sensor 42 is suitable to detect the number of revolutions of a fan of the ventilation device 210, and it can be a Hall effect sensor, an encoder or suchlike, preferably it is a Hall effect sensor connected to the ventilation device 210 and sensitive to the variation of the magnetic field created by an object located on the rotating part of the ventilation device 210.
  • the apparatus 200 can comprise a valve device 250, comprising the regulating means 260 and the safety means 270.
  • the safety means 270 are configured to allow or prevent the flow of the second gas G in the second duct 12 and can comprise one or more safety solenoid valves, which can be commanded selectively. In particular, when the safety means 270 are in a closed condition, the second gas G does not flow in the second duct 12.
  • the regulating means 260 are configured to regulate the flow of the second gas G flowing in the duct 12.
  • the regulating means 260 comprises at least one of either a flow modulator or a pressure modulator.
  • the regulating means 260 it is possible to modify the flow of the second gas G in the duct 12 and to modify the value of the ⁇ coefficient during the operation of the gas user device 50.
  • the apparatus 200 comprises a control unit 230 configured to regulate its operation.
  • the control unit 230 is configured to receive data from the first sensor 30a and from the second and third sensor, 30b and 30c, respectively, and process them to appropriately regulate the operation of the apparatus 200.
  • the control unit 230 is also configured to process the data detected by the first sensor 30a and by the speed sensor 42 in order to control that the ratio between the flow rate of the first gas A and the rotation speed of the ventilation device 210 remains substantially constant within a range of a predetermined initial ratio thereof, by suitably regulating the ventilation device 210.
  • the control unit 230 can include storage and processing devices able to store and execute control algorithms, in particular software or firmware for managing the operation of the apparatus 200.
  • control unit 230 can be connected to a user interface, to the gas user device 50, to the first and second source SI and S2, respectively, and to each drivable element, for example the valve device 250, by means of a physical medium, such as a cable, a wire or a conductive trace, or by means of wireless technology, such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, inductive coupling, capacitive coupling, radio frequencies for short, medium, and long range transmissions and suchlike.
  • a physical medium such as a cable, a wire or a conductive trace
  • wireless technology such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, inductive coupling, capacitive coupling, radio frequencies for short, medium, and long range transmissions and suchlike.
  • the control unit 230 can calculate the value of the ⁇ coefficient on the basis of the data detected by the first sensor 30a, by the at least one second sensor 30b, and optionally by the speed sensor (not shown in the drawings).
  • the first sensor 30a, and optionally the speed sensor the measurement of the volume of a first gas A is obtained, and from the combination of the measurements performed by the first, second, and third sensor, respectively, 30a, 30b, and 30c, the measurement of the volume of the second gas G is obtained.
  • the control unit 230 allows for a precise volumetric control of the first gas A and of the second gas G, and it can calculate the mass flow rate of the first gas A, the composition of the first gas A being known.
  • control unit 230 also allows to calculate the mass flow rate of the second gas G.
  • control unit 230 allows, by controlling the regulating means 260, to modify the flow rate of the second gas G in the duct 12 and therefore modify the value of the ⁇ coefficient during the operation of the gas user device 50, the burner.
  • the control unit 230 receives a datum from the first sensor 30a indicating the pressure difference ⁇ P?i between a first pressure value P 1 measured in correspondence with the front zone 31 and a second pressure value P 2 measured in correspondence with the rear zone
  • the creation by the laminator element 20 of a laminar flow of the first gas A allows to use the Hagen-Poiseuille law to describe the linear relation between the flow rate of the first gas Q A and the pressure difference ⁇ P 21 : Q A oc ⁇ P 21 .
  • the flow rate of a non-laminar flow of the first gas A can be expressed by the following relation: where K is a coefficient that depends on geometric factors of the first duct and on physical characteristics of the fluid.
  • the laminator element 20 allows to improve the reading sensitivity of the first sensor 30a at low flow rates, since it linearizes the relations between Q A and ⁇ P 21 and generates a pressure drop at its ends which can be detected by the first sensor 30a.
  • the control unit 230 obtains a datum from the second sensor 30b and/or from the third sensor 30c indicating a pressure difference ⁇ P31 between the pressure P3 measured in the measurement zone 35 of the second duct 12 and the pressure Pi measured in the front zone 31 of the first duct 11.
  • the control unit 230 calculates ⁇ P23 using the value ⁇ P21 measured by the first sensor 30a and the value ⁇ P31 measured by the second and/or third sensor 30b and/or 30c, respectively:
  • the measurement of the flow rates of the first gas A, Q A , and of the second gas G, Q G allows to calculate the ⁇ coefficient using the following formula: where the ⁇ coefficient is in the denominator and R is the known stoichiometric ratio between the first gas A and the second gas G.
  • the ⁇ coefficient can be expressed as: in which the flow rate Q G is calculated by substituting the relation (1) into (4), and Q A can be either measured directly by the first sensor 30a or obtained from pressure measurements, when the sensor 30a measures a pressure difference.
  • the value of the flow rate of the second gas Q G also depends on the pressure drops existing between the respective withdrawal zones 32, 35, which can be considered by providing a possible correction factor.
  • each variation of at least one of the flow rates of the first gas Q A and of the second gas Q G affects the value of the A, coefficient.
  • control unit 230 controls the regulating means 260 in order to regulate the flow rate of the second gas G.
  • control unit 230 can be configured to regulate the regulating means 260 whenever it is necessary to vary the A, coefficient of the mixture M.
  • control unit 230 also controls the ventilation device 210 in order to regulate the flow rate Q A of the first gas A to thus vary the ⁇ coefficient of the mixture M.
  • the control unit 230 can also be configured to receive data from a flame presence sensor, for example an optical sensor, a thermocouple, a (ultraviolet) UV sensor, or suchlike.
  • a flame presence sensor for example an optical sensor, a thermocouple, a (ultraviolet) UV sensor, or suchlike.
  • the flame presence sensor can be positioned in correspondence with the combustion chamber of the gas user device 50, the burner, for example outside an optical window in the case of an optical sensor, or inside the chamber in the case of a thermocouple. If 100% hydrogen is used, an optical sensor is used as a sensor to verify the presence of the flame F.
  • the delivery apparatus 200 described heretofore is used in a method of use which comprises the following steps. Although various examples of the method will be described, the person of skill in the art will understand that the various examples can be combined together without thereby departing from the scope of the invention.
  • a first step SI 00 provides to supply the first gas A in the first duct 11 of the device 10.
  • the first step SI 00 provides to connect the device 10 to a first source S 1 of first gas A.
  • the first source S 1 consists of a gas container, for example a cylinder, containing a gas or a gaseous mixture containing, for example, a high percentage of nitrogen.
  • the first source S 1 is a duct, a pipe, a conduit forming part of a plant that transports the first gas A.
  • the first gas A is air and the first source S 1 is none other than the environment.
  • the first step SI 00 provides that the control unit 230 activates the ventilation device 210 to create a flow of the first gas A inside the duct 11 toward the gas user device 50.
  • the control unit 230 is also configured to control (increase or decrease) a rotation speed of the ventilation device 210 in order to increase or decrease, respectively, a flow rate Q A of the first gas A inside the duct 11.
  • a second step S 110 provides to supply the second gas G in the second duct 12 of the device 10.
  • the second step SI 10 provides to connect the device 10 to a second source S2 of second gas G.
  • the second source S2 consists of a gas container, for example a cylinder, containing a gas or a gaseous mixture.
  • the second source S2 is a duct, a pipe, a conduit forming part of a plant that transports the second gas G.
  • the second gas G is a combustible gas.
  • An optional step SI 15 provides to determine the flow rate Q A of the first gas A by means of the first sensor 30a and/or the flow rate Q G of the second gas G by means of at least one of either the second sensor 30b or the third sensor 30c. We refer to what has already been described in relation to the plurality of sensors 30 for further details on determining the first flow rate Q A and the second flow rate Q G .
  • a third step SI 20 provides to obtain a gaseous mixture M of the first gas A and of the second gas G.
  • the third step provides that the control unit 230 controls the mixing of the first gas A and of the second gas G, in the first duct 11 , into a gaseous mixture M according to a predefined ratio and/or on the basis of the values of the first flow rate Q A and of the second flow rate Q G determined.
  • the predefined ratio coincides with the ⁇ coefficient.
  • the ratio between the flow rate Q A of the first gas A and the flow rate Q G of the second gas G is proportional to the ⁇ coefficient.
  • the step SI 20 of controlling the mixing of the first gas A and of the second gas G comprises the control unit 230 controlling at least one of either the ventilation device 210 or the regulating means 260.
  • the control unit 230 controls the ventilation device 210 on the basis of the predefined value of relative abundance between the first gas A and the second gas
  • control unit 230 controls a rotation speed ⁇ of the ventilation device 210. It is clear to the person of skill in the art that, with the same cross section of the duct in which a fluid flows, the flow rate is directly proportional to the speed of the fluid itself. In this specific case, the speed of the first gas A is directly proportional to the rotation speed ⁇ of the ventilation device 210.
  • the ventilation device 210 When the second gas G is a combustible gas, in order to maintain a good quality of combustion it is necessary for the ventilation device 210 to have a rotation speed such as to reach a determinate flow rate of the first gas A which depends on the combustion apparatus and on the type of second gas G used.
  • control unit 230 controls the regulating means 260 in order to modify the flow rate Q G of the second gas G in the second duct 12.
  • the second regulating means 260 can comprise at least one of either a flow modulator or a pressure modulator.
  • the control unit 230 controls the regulating means 260, which can comprise at least one of either a flow modulator or a pressure modulator, in order to modify the flow rate Q G of the second gas G in the second duct 12.
  • the regulating means 260 can comprise, for example, a shutter, a valve or suchlike, and an actuation member for moving the shutter or the valve or suchlike in order to determine the quantity, that is, the flow rate Q G , of the second gas G delivered.
  • controlling one of either the flow rate Q A of the first gas A or the flow rate Q G of the second gas G, being a combustible gas allows to control the value of the A coefficient, so that it assumes different values according to the phase of the combustion, such as the value ⁇ 1 , comprised in a first interval I 1 , during the ignition of the gas user device 50, the burner, or the value 2 , comprised in a second interval I 2 , during steady state operation.
  • the interval I 1 can be comprised substantially between 2 and 5, preferably equal to about 4, and the interval I2 can be comprised between about 1.2 and 2, and preferably equal to about 1.3 - 1.5.
  • Typical values of ⁇ i during ignition for the second gas G different from hydrogen could be comprised between 1 and 2.
  • the interval I 1 can be comprised between 1 and 4 and the interval I2 can be comprised between 1 and 2, preferably between 1.2 and 1.5.
  • a method for using an assembly that comprises the delivery apparatus 200 and a gas user device 50, this being a combustion apparatus, a burner.
  • a fourth step S 130 provides to deliver the gaseous mixture M to a gas user device 50.
  • the method provides an initial step S200, prior to the first step SI 00, of detecting a request for ignition of the combustion apparatus, by a user of the gas user device 50, which contains information relating to the heat value Qc required, indicative of a temperature desired by the user.
  • the information relating to the heat value Qc required is entered by the user on an interface (not shown in the drawings) such as a screen, keyboard, keypad, touchscreen and suchlike, electrically connected to the control unit 230.
  • the connection between the control unit 230 and the interface can occur by means of a physical medium, such as a cable, a wire, a conductive trace, or by means of wireless technology, such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, inductive coupling, capacitive coupling, radio frequencies for short, medium, and long range transmissions and suchlike.
  • a physical medium such as a cable, a wire, a conductive trace
  • wireless technology such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, inductive coupling, capacitive coupling, radio frequencies for short, medium, and long range transmissions and suchlike.
  • the heat value Qc refers to the heat that the burner has to generate in order to heat water or other fluids for these to reach a preset or user-set temperature value.
  • control unit 230 determines that the ignition request has been received, the control unit 230 controls the ignition of the burner flame.
  • the control of the ignition of the burner flame comprises the steps of the method described in relation to fig. 4. In the first step SI 00, the control unit 230 controls the supply of the flow rate Q A of the first gas A through the first duct 11.
  • controlling the flow rate Q A of the first gas A comprises measuring the flow rate Q A by means of the first sensor 30a and controlling the rotation speed of the ventilation device 210 in order to achieve the desired flow rate Q A .
  • the measured value of the flow rate Q A of the first gas is compared by the control unit 230 with a pre-established value Q A0 of the flow rate of the first gas in a step of preparing for ignition.
  • the pre-established value Q A0 depends on the type of first gas A and second gas G, on the characteristics of the device 10 and/or of the apparatus 200, and/or on the heat value Qc required, and it can be preset and stored in the control unit 230.
  • the pre-established value Q A0 corresponds to a flow rate value of the first gas A required to obtain the heat value Qc from the gas user device 50.
  • the pre- established value Q A0 of the flow rate of the first gas A required for ignition can be stored in the control unit 230.
  • valve device 250 remains closed to prevent the inflow of second gas G along the second duct 12.
  • the control unit 230 controls the rotation speed ⁇ of the ventilation device 210 so that the measured flow rate Q A reaches the value Q A0 .
  • the measurement of the flow rate Q A of the first gas A and of the rotation speed ⁇ of the ventilation device 210, and the analysis of their ratio can allow to detect possible anomalies of the pneumatic system of the combustion apparatus during its operation.
  • partial blockages on the flue or on the combustion fume exhaust paths, or the presence of wind with a flow opposite to the forced ventilation could make ignition of the combustion apparatus unsafe.
  • the method provides to control the rotation speed ⁇ of the ventilation device 210 until the measured flow rate Q A of the first gas A corresponds to the flow rate Q A0 of the first gas A required for ignition.
  • the control unit 230 controls the ventilation device 210 in order to decrease the number of revolutions per unit of time.
  • the control unit 230 controls the ventilation device 210 in order to increase the number of revolutions per unit of time.
  • the method provides to retry the ignition procedure of the gas user device 50 at a later time, or provide for a finite number of attempts to prepare for ignition.
  • the plurality of sensors 30a, 30b, and 30c in this step guarantee the measurement of the flow rate Q A of the first gas ; moreover, they also play a role in identifying a malfunction of one of the three sensors 30a, 30b, and 30c and preventing the continuation of the ignition operations of the combustion apparatus.
  • the method comprises turning off the ventilation device 210.
  • the method can return to the step of receiving the information relating to a value of the quantity of heat Qc required, and repeat the step of ignition for a further time period T TO .
  • the method continues with the scintillation step.
  • control unit 230 controls the activation of a scintillator above the gas user device 50, the burner, and the opening of the valve device 250 to allow the second gas G to flow in the second duct 12 and therefore mix with the first gas A in the mixing zone 13 of the first duct 11.
  • control occurs directly through the control unit 230 which sends a signal that activates the scintillator device, or it occurs through the transmission of a command by the control unit 230 to the gas user device 50 or to an element thereof, such as the burner.
  • the control unit 230 controls a flow rate Q G of the second gas G in the second duct 12.
  • Q G the relation that exists between the value of the parameter A, and the flow rate of the first gas A and of the second gas G, Q A and Q G , respectively, is given by: where R is the stoichiometric ratio between gas A and gas G.
  • the first value ⁇ 1 of the A coefficient can be defined during the steps of construction, installation, overhaul, or suchlike of the combustion apparatus and stored in the control unit 230.
  • the ignition step can also comprise continuously determining the value of the flow rate Q G through the measurements obtained by the plurality of sensors 30a, 30b, and 30c.
  • the ignition step can also comprise continuously determining the value of the flow rate Q A through the measurements obtained by the first sensor 30a.
  • the control unit 230 also determines whether the measured value of the parameter ⁇ corresponds to the first value Ai. In the event that the value of the parameter A does not correspond to the value Ai, the method can provide to continue to regulate the flow rate Q G of the second gas G by means of the regulation means 260, or the flow rate Q A of the first gas A by means of the ventilation device 210, until a pre-established safety period T SAFE for the ignition step has elapsed.
  • the ignition step S220 provides to detect the flame in the gas user device 50 by means of a flame sensor.
  • the method provides to close the valve device 250 in order to stop the flow of the second gas G, switch off the ventilation device 210 and return to the detection of an ignition request.
  • the method provides to activate normal operation in the operating step S230.
  • the control unit 230 provides to control the user device 50 of gas A to bum the gaseous mixture M in a routine operating state, verifying that the parameter A assumes the value ⁇ 2 .
  • the operating step comprises the steps S100, S110, S115, S120, and S130.
  • the transition to normal operation can provide to measure, by means of the sensor 30a, an initial flow rate value Q A0 of the first gas A and an initial rotation speed value ⁇ 0 of the ventilation device, and calculate the initial parameter co given by the ratio:
  • the parameter c 0 can be stored in control unit 230.
  • the operating step can also provide that the control unit 230 detects, as input datum, a second predefined value ⁇ 2 of the ⁇ coefficient.
  • the second value ⁇ 2 of the ⁇ coefficient can be read by the control unit 230, where it may have been stored during the steps of construction, installation, overhaul, or suchlike of the combustion apparatus.
  • the operating step can provide to calculate the flow rate Q G of the second gas G on the basis of the previously disclosed relation (6), in which the ⁇ coefficient assumes the value ⁇ 2 .
  • the operating step can then provide to calculate the difference between the flow rate Q G of the second gas G calculated as necessary, and the real gas flow rate.
  • the operating step can also provide that the control unit 230 regulates the flow of the second gas G to be supplied by means of the regulating means 260, and to measure the real flow rate of the second gas G, by means of the second and/or the third sensor 30b and 30c, respectively, and the flow of the second gas G real value of the rotation speed ⁇ of the ventilation device 210, by means of the speed sensor 42.
  • the operating step can provide to vary the rotation speed ⁇ of the ventilation device 210, and therefore the flow of the first gas A, and the lambda ⁇ coefficient, according to the power requirements of the combustion apparatus.
  • the method can comprise the control unit 230 once again detecting the value of the lambda ⁇ 2 coefficient, and once again calculating the flow rate of the second gas G, on the basis of the relation (6).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif (10) pour distribuer un mélange gazeux (M) d'un premier gaz (A) et d'un second gaz (G) qui comprend : un corps (10) qui définit un premier conduit (11) dans lequel s'écoule le premier gaz (A) et un second conduit (12) dans lequel s'écoule le second gaz (G), le premier conduit (11) et le second conduit (12) étant reliés ensemble dans une zone de mélange (13). Le dispositif (10) comprend un premier capteur (30a) conçu pour déterminer un débit, QA, du premier gaz (A), et au moins l'un parmi un deuxième capteur (30b) ou un troisième capteur (30c) conçu pour déterminer un débit, QG, du second gaz (G).
PCT/IT2023/050153 2022-06-27 2023-06-27 Dispositif de distribution d'un mélange gazeux, appareil de distribution correspondant et procédé d'utilisation correspondant Ceased WO2024003959A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202380049119.5A CN119585571A (zh) 2022-06-27 2023-06-27 用于输送气体混合物的装置、相应的输送设备和相应的使用方法
EP23741492.5A EP4544238A1 (fr) 2022-06-27 2023-06-27 Dispositif de distribution d'un mélange gazeux, appareil de distribution correspondant et procédé d'utilisation correspondant

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT102022000013573 2022-06-27
IT102022000013573A IT202200013573A1 (it) 2022-06-27 2022-06-27 Dispositivo di erogazione di una miscela gassosa, relativo apparato di erogazione e relativo procedimento d’uso

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2024003959A1 true WO2024003959A1 (fr) 2024-01-04

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PCT/IT2023/050153 Ceased WO2024003959A1 (fr) 2022-06-27 2023-06-27 Dispositif de distribution d'un mélange gazeux, appareil de distribution correspondant et procédé d'utilisation correspondant

Country Status (4)

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EP (1) EP4544238A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN119585571A (fr)
IT (1) IT202200013573A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2024003959A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10348324B3 (de) * 2003-10-17 2005-05-25 Gvp Gesellschaft Zur Vermarktung Der Porenbrennertechnik Mbh Verfahren zur Modulation der Heizleistung eines Brenners und Mischeinrichtung für einen Brenner
US20180274781A1 (en) * 2015-03-11 2018-09-27 Tre P Engineering S.R.L. Gas domestic premixed ventilated hob
GB2566143A (en) * 2017-06-22 2019-03-06 Bosch Gmbh Robert Venturi nozzle, combustion device incorporating same and building heating system having such a combustion device

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10348324B3 (de) * 2003-10-17 2005-05-25 Gvp Gesellschaft Zur Vermarktung Der Porenbrennertechnik Mbh Verfahren zur Modulation der Heizleistung eines Brenners und Mischeinrichtung für einen Brenner
US20180274781A1 (en) * 2015-03-11 2018-09-27 Tre P Engineering S.R.L. Gas domestic premixed ventilated hob
GB2566143A (en) * 2017-06-22 2019-03-06 Bosch Gmbh Robert Venturi nozzle, combustion device incorporating same and building heating system having such a combustion device

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IT202200013573A1 (it) 2023-12-27
CN119585571A (zh) 2025-03-07
EP4544238A1 (fr) 2025-04-30

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