WO2024094867A1 - Appareil et procédé pour imager des composants métalliques ou partiellement métalliques par résonance magnétique, application de ce procédé à l'imagerie de cellules électrochimiques - Google Patents
Appareil et procédé pour imager des composants métalliques ou partiellement métalliques par résonance magnétique, application de ce procédé à l'imagerie de cellules électrochimiques Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024094867A1 WO2024094867A1 PCT/EP2023/080701 EP2023080701W WO2024094867A1 WO 2024094867 A1 WO2024094867 A1 WO 2024094867A1 EP 2023080701 W EP2023080701 W EP 2023080701W WO 2024094867 A1 WO2024094867 A1 WO 2024094867A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/28—Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
- G01R33/32—Excitation or detection systems, e.g. using radio frequency signals
- G01R33/36—Electrical details, e.g. matching or coupling of the coil to the receiver
- G01R33/3642—Mutual coupling or decoupling of multiple coils, e.g. decoupling of a receive coil from a transmission coil, or intentional coupling of RF coils, e.g. for RF magnetic field amplification
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N24/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects
- G01N24/08—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects by using nuclear magnetic resonance
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/28—Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
- G01R33/32—Excitation or detection systems, e.g. using radio frequency signals
- G01R33/323—Detection of MR without the use of RF or microwaves, e.g. force-detected MR, thermally detected MR, MR detection via electrical conductivity, optically detected MR
- G01R33/326—Detection of MR without the use of RF or microwaves, e.g. force-detected MR, thermally detected MR, MR detection via electrical conductivity, optically detected MR involving a SQUID
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
- G01R33/445—MR involving a non-standard magnetic field B0, e.g. of low magnitude as in the earth's magnetic field or in nanoTesla spectroscopy, comprising a polarizing magnetic field for pre-polarisation, B0 with a temporal variation of its magnitude or direction such as field cycling of B0 or rotation of the direction of B0, or spatially inhomogeneous B0 like in fringe-field MR or in stray-field imaging
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
- G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
- G01R33/54—Signal processing systems, e.g. using pulse sequences ; Generation or control of pulse sequences; Operator console
- G01R33/56—Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques, e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution
- G01R33/565—Correction of image distortions, e.g. due to magnetic field inhomogeneities
- G01R33/56536—Correction of image distortions, e.g. due to magnetic field inhomogeneities due to magnetic susceptibility variations
Definitions
- This document describes an apparatus for imaging metallic or partially metallic components by magnetic resonance. It also aims at a method for imaging metallic or partially metallic components used in this device, and its application to the imaging of electrochemical cells, in particular Li-ion cells.
- Magnetic resonance imaging is based on the principle of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). This phenomenon exploits the resonance between two energy levels that occurs when a quantum magnetic moment (a spin) is subjected to an external magnetic field. This spin can be that of an electron or an atomic nucleus. In the case of medical NMR, the nucleus of interest in most cases is hydrogen (which has only one proton) present in water, fat or tissues of the human body.
- the NMR (or MRI) experiment is carried out in a few precise steps.
- the sample in imaging a Li-ion cell or any metallic component, this would be the component itself
- a polarization field produced by a large superconducting coil.
- this magnetic field varies by 1 . 5 T to more than 10 T.
- This excitation causes the protons to come out of their precession motion, after a while they slowly decay to their original precession state while emitting a signal which is detected by means of an antenna. Measuring this signal is a way to gather information about the composition of the body's interior, and ultimately reconstruct an MRI image.
- ⁇ B of the order of 100 mT.m ⁇ 1 .
- gradient fields allow the resonant frequency and phase of the signal to be spatially encoded, thus allowing 3D images to be formed.
- these gradient fields are rapidly changed over time scales of a few milliseconds to selectively excite certain parts of the sample.
- the model that is chosen to apply the gradients and the excitation pulses constitutes an MRI sequence.
- sequences allow you to display different contrasts and see different things.
- medical MRI there is a wide variety of sequences: some are adapted to see blood vessels (time-of-flight sequences), others are more suited to functional imaging (BOLD for “ Blood Oxygenation” ).
- Level Dependent : Dependent on Blood Oxygenation Level)
- T 1 or T 2 weighted sequences can discriminate between fat, organic tissue, tumors, etc.
- MRI sequences function as image constructs in reciprocal Fourier space (or k-space) where different MRI sequences respond to different acquisition trajectories.
- the skin depth ⁇ is a measure of the depth to which the magnetic field can penetrate inside the metal sample:
- ⁇ is the pulsation
- ⁇ is the direct current resistivity
- ⁇ 0 is the vacuum permeability
- ⁇ r is the relative permeability of the sample.
- SQUIDs for “ superconducting quantum interference” .
- device or Superconducting Quantum Interference Device
- SQUIDs for “ superconducting quantum interference”
- device or Superconducting Quantum Interference Device
- NMR frequencies ranging from 1 . 6 kHz to approximately 20 kHz.
- the cell is placed in a holder that contains a measurement medium, usually doped water, surrounding the Li-ion cell. Then, a permanent field B 0 is applied to the cell. The cell in turn generates a secondary field B s proportional to the local susceptibility of the cell components, this secondary field being mapped with a special MRI sequence of the surrounding doped water.
- a measurement medium usually doped water
- this overall susceptibility is shown in the by Ilott et al. 2018 [7] as being linked to the state of charge SOC (for “State Of Charge”). This figure shows the overall magnetic susceptibility measured as a function of the state of charge.
- the sensitivity of the anode or cathode increases by approximately 50% from a fully discharged state to a 250 mAh charge.
- the magnetic field map (in ppm) is given with reference to the fully charged cell.
- the cell used is produced by the Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT).
- Figure 4 of paper [7] also demonstrates that magnetic field maps can be used to classify cells into different defect categories: bent, small craps, for example.
- the magnetic field maps are given in ppm relative to the field value of one of the non-defective cells. Also shown is the mean and standard deviation of the terrain map taken over the entire photo.
- the MRI sequence used is initially a simple FLASH sequence, then specific point imaging with T 1 enhancement was implemented to treat magnetic susceptibility artifacts.
- ioMRI demonstrates that MRI can indeed be used effectively for the diagnosis of SOC and SOH (State of Health), it suffers from a major drawback: it does not show than a global map of the anode or cathode state, but cannot produce a spatially resolved map of the local SOC and SOH of each electrode.
- prepolarization a technique that increases the Boltzmann polarization of the sample, which increases linearly with field. Then, we quickly lower the field and perform the MRI acquisition in a field of interest, generally around 100 ⁇ T.
- state-of-the-art imaging devices do not allow magnetic resonance imaging of metal components with sufficient image quality to be used industrially.
- the aim of the present invention is precisely to remedy this limitation by proposing an MRI imaging device for a metallic component which can provide spatially resolved mapping.
- the component is subjected to a very weak field of less than 10 mT
- the detection means comprise a pickup coil magnetically coupled with the polarization means and the radio frequency means and operating as a flux concentrator, and a detector SQUID (superconductor quantum interference device) arranged downstream of said pickup coil via a transformer.
- essentially metallic component is understood to mean any component or object including one or more metallic cores, and/or whose physical composition is essentially metallic.
- the polarization means, the radio frequency means and the pickup coil are enclosed in a shielded chamber.
- the SQUID detector and at least part of the processing means are advantageously arranged in a cryostat.
- the polarization means may include a gradient coil, and the pickup coil may have a volumetric gradiometric geometry.
- the pickup coil may have a surface geometry, in particular a second-order surface gradiometric geometry.
- the pickup coil comprises means for receiving an electrochemical cell, in particular a Li-ion cell.
- the pickup coil comprises means for receiving an electronic chip or an electronic component.
- the pickup coil comprises means for receiving an industrial mechanical structure.
- the MRI imaging device is adapted to image a structure of an energy plant.
- the body is subjected to a very weak field of less than 10 mT, and the detection step comprises a generation of an induced signal captured by concentration of flux in a pickup coil, and an application of this signal thus captured by a SQUID detector.
- the MRI imaging method according to the invention can be advantageously implemented for the characterization of an electrochemical cell, and arranged to provide a map of the electrochemical cell, representative of the state of charge (SOC) of this electrochemical cell. and/or representative of their state of health (SOH).
- SOC state of charge
- SOH state of health
- the MRI imaging method according to the invention can be arranged to provide a map of the electrochemical cell, representative of the state of health (SOH) of this electrochemical cell.
- the ultra-low field magnetic resonance imaging device for metal components uses detection based on a superconducting low temperature interference device (SQUID).
- SQUID detection we work on fields ranging from the range 50 ⁇ T (earth field) to a few mT.
- ultra-low fields which correspond to very low NMR frequencies, we are able to perform imaging of metallic samples, in particular electrochemical cells.
- the MRI imaging device is designed for the spatially resolved diagnosis of the state of metal components, and in particular the state of charge (SOC) and the state of health (SOH) of cells. electrochemical.
- the MRI imaging method according to the invention can thus be implemented for the characterization of a Lithium Ion cell comprising a plurality of lithium nuclei including 7 Li isotope nuclei. It then comprises a step for producing an image spatially resolved 7 Li isotope nuclei, and a step for estimating densities of 7 Li nuclei in the spatially resolved image.
- the imaging method according to the invention can be arranged to provide a one-dimensional map (1D) of the Li-Ion cell, representative of the state of charge (SOC) of this cell from the nuclei density estimates. 7 Li.
- This imaging process then further comprises, Indeed, the very high frequencies used, of the order of 500 MHz, would not allow 3D mapping due to the skin effect in the conductors and magnetic susceptibility artifacts typical of high NMR frequencies.
- a step for applying to the terminals of the cell a voltage wave of predetermined profile a step for simultaneously measuring the current entering the cell, and a step to process current and voltage measurements so as to deliver an estimate of the capacity and state of charge of the cell.
- SOH state of health
- the objective is to develop inexpensive and transportable MRI devices that do not require any precautions to operate and which can take three-dimensional (3D) images of metal samples.
- we use a resistive magnet we can easily adjust the working field between 100 ⁇ T and a few mT.
- SQUIDs are very sensitive magnetometers made from a loop of superconducting material intercepted by two Josephson junctions. They have a very wide bandwidth and can detect signals from DC to 100 MHz with a flat frequency response. Superconductors must be cooled to 4K cryogenic temperatures to work, which is a problem for heavy superconducting magnets used in traditional MRI. In the case of SQUIDs, it is much less restrictive, because they are mounted on very small chips of a few centimeters and therefore only require very light cryogenic machines to operate.
- SQUIDs are very small loops typically a few ⁇ m in diameter, they are often used in conjunction with an antenna that functions as a flux concentrator. Such detectors can achieve order field sensitivities for fields in the kHz range.
- a SQUID 10 detection system comprises, with reference to the , a flux concentrator 2 comprising an excitation coil c and a pickup coil b surrounding a metallic component a such as a Li-ion electrochemical cell, a shielded transformer 3 connected at the output to an input inductor L i , of a SQUID 4 whose output signal is amplified by an amplifier 5 LNA (for “Low Noise Amplifier”: low noise amplifier) coupled to a phase locking loop 6 FLL (for “Flux Locking Loop”) controlling a Lf power coil.
- LNA Low Noise Amplifier
- FLL for “Flux Locking Loop”
- the SQUID can be made of niobium, magnesium diboride (MgB) or any other superconducting material at medium critical temperature, or even based on copper oxide at high temperature.
- MgB magnesium diboride
- the metallic component emits a signal which is captured by the pickup coil b which acts as a flux concentrator, and sent via the two terminals 20,21 – to which an impedance matching capacitor Ca is connected in parallel – , to SQUID 4 via the input coil L i .
- the shielded transformer L 1 , L 2 is used for impedance matching and earth insulation.
- the excitation coil c is connected to an MRI console d.
- the signal output of the SQUID is amplified via the LNA 5 low noise amplifier, while operational stability is ensured by the FLL 6 flux lock loop.
- the pickup coil is a saddle coil but gradiometric antennas are often preferred, like the one presented in .
- the pickup coil is a surface gradiometer of order 2, as described in Fagaly et al. [1].
- the antenna is made up of two saddle coils wired in series with opposite currents. This particular geometry was the subject of a patent application being filed on April 12, 2022 in the name of the same Applicant.
- the pickup coil 2' comprises a first saddle-shaped coil c' surrounding a second saddle-shaped coil b'.
- the first coil c' comprises a first longitudinal conductor c1, a first end conductor c2, a second longitudinal conductor c3, a second end conductor c4, a third longitudinal conductor c5, a third end conductor c6 and a fourth longitudinal conductor c7 connected to a first output conductor 21 towards the transformer 3.
- the second coil b' concentric with the first coil c', comprises a first longitudinal conductor b1, a first end conductor b2, a second longitudinal conductor b3, a second end conductor b4, a third longitudinal conductor b5, a third end conductor b6 a fourth longitudinal conductor b7 connected to a second output conductor 20 towards transformer 3.
- an MRI imaging device 1 of a metallic component such as a Li-ion electrochemical cell.
- the MRI imaging device 1 comprises a flow concentrator 2'' arranged to receive a metallic component a, for example a chemical cell.
- Coil b produces a magnetic field B 0 which polarizes the nuclei of interest in metallic component a, creating energy levels separated by an energy h ⁇ 0 .
- the 2” flow concentrator also includes an h gradient coil used to produce the spatial resolution in the MRI image.
- This coil h is powered via a pair of conductors 8c by a stabilized current source c which makes it possible to deliver a very regular current of the order, depending on the precise geometry of the coil, from a few A to a few tens of A .
- the gradient coil b'' is powered by a gradient amplifier d, for example the model XPA-175-350 from the company IECO in Finland [25].
- a gradient amplifier d for example the model XPA-175-350 from the company IECO in Finland [25].
- the field is continuously monitored with a fluxgate e magnetometer probe. Low frequency fluctuations in the field are measured and a command is sent in real time to the current source, to keep the field variations within a typical drift of 50 ppm for the duration of the MRI acquisition.
- the radio frequency amplifier f powers the radio frequency coil g, which may for example have a birdcage geometry, to send a pulse B1 tuned to the magnetic resonance frequency ⁇ 0 .
- the signal is then captured by the detection system described in .
- the pickup coil h sends the signal to the SQUID and the rest of the read chain i inside a 4K cryostat j, cooled by a cryogenic cooler k, for example the RP-082B2S model from Sumitomo [26].
- the output signal is then processed at room temperature by an analog-to-digital conversion module and an MRI console l, for example the drive-l model from Pure Devices [27] which interprets the temporal signal as an MRI image displayed on the screen m.
- the system of bias, excitation and detection coils and the metal component a are all enclosed in a shielded chamber n consisting of a metal grid acting as a Faraday cage, shielding signals in the 10 kHz range and above, and a layer of magnetic materials such as ferrites or mu-metal which protects the system from very low frequency noise below a few kHz.
- the present invention uses an antenna which allows ⁇ to increase the sensitivity even further, approaching 0 .
- This antenna has both a gradiometric and volumetric geometry which brings together the most magnetic flux of the sample while remaining very robust to noise.
- Document FR3117218 in the name of the present applicant describes the use of this antenna in the context of NMR and MRI. Thanks to this antenna and the increase in the measurement field from the usual 100 ⁇ T to around 1 mT, we are able to increase the SNR sufficiently to perform an MRI acquisition without prepolarization and sufficient resolution and contrast for the in- operando imaging of Li-ion cells.
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Abstract
Description
- La partie du corps à imager est placée dans un champ magnétique homogène statique B 0.
- Lorsqu’ils sont placés dans ce champ, les protons précèdent avec une fréquence ω 0 = γB 0.
- Grâce à une antenne d’excitation, on envoie une impulsion d’intensité B 1 et de fréquence ω = ω 0 accordée à la précession des protons.
- Les protons sont envoyés à un état d’énergie plus élevé et se désintègrent à leur état d’origine tout en envoyant un signal d’intensité B 2 et de fréquence ω 0. Plus important encore, ce signal va se désintégrer avec les temps typiques τ1, correspondant à une récupération de l’aimantation longitudinale dans la direction de B 0 , et τ2, correspondant à une perte de cohérence spin-spin dans l’échantillon. Ces constantes de temps typiques sont des caractéristiques de l’état précis en chaque point de l’échantillon et sont utilisées pour produire un contraste dans une image IRM. Dans le cas de l’IRM médicale, elles fournissent des informations sur le type de tissu à un point particulier (eau, graisse, muscle, etc.).
- Avoir un échantillon avec des parties métalliques et non métalliques signifie qu’il y aura d’énormes différences locales dans les susceptibilités magnétiques. Cela provoque des artefacts de gradient de champ magnétique qui détruisent la linéarité du diagramme de champ de gradient utilisé pour effectuer l’IRM.
- Les champs magnétiques à haute fréquence ne peuvent pas pénétrer à l’intérieur de la majeure partie d’un échantillon métallique en raison de l’effet de peau des conducteurs électriques.
| Matériel | Profondeur de la peau par rapport à la fréquence (mm) | ||
| 5 kHz | 50 kHz | 50 MHz | |
| Cuivre | 0.93 | 0.30 | 0.01 |
| Acier inoxydable | 6.3 | 2.0 | 0.06 |
| Lithium | 2.2 | 0.69 | 0.02 |
- des moyens pour générer un champ magnétique de polarisation prévu pour être appliqué audit composant essentiellement métallique,
- des moyens radiofréquence RF pour exciter ledit composant essentiellement métallique ,
- des moyens de détection coopérant avec lesdits moyens radiofréquence, pour délivrer un signal d’imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM),
- des moyens pour traiter ledit signal IRM de façon à délivrer des informations caractéristiques de l’état dudit composant essentiellement métallique.
- générer un champ magnétique de polarisation prévu pour être appliqué audit corps (a),
- exciter ledit corps (a) par des ondes radiofréquences (RF),
- détecter un signal IRM de réponse dudit corps à l’excitation radiofréquence,
- traiter ledit signal IRM ainsi détecté, de façon à délivrer des informations caractéristiques de l’état dudit corps (a),
- Superconducting quantum interference device instruments and applications. R. L. Fagaly et all., Review of Scientific Instruments 77 101101 (2006).
- Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS): Principles, Construction, and Biosensing Applications. H. S. Magar et all., Sensors (Basel) 19 6578 (2021).
- SQUID-Based Magnetic Resonance Imaging at Ultra-Low Field Using the Backprojection Method. Q. Guo et all., Concepts in Magnetic Resonance part. B, Magnetic resonance engineering 8882329 (2020).
- Progress toward a deployable SQUID-based ultra-low field MRI system for anatomical imaging. M. A. Espy et all., IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity, 25 no. 3, 1601705 (2015).
- MRI of the human brain at 130 microTesla. B. Inglis et all., PNAS 110 no. 48, 19194-19201 (2013).
- Real-time 3D imaging of microstructure growth in battery cells using indirect MRI.
- Rechargeable lithium-ion cell state of charge and defect detection by in-situ inside- out magnetic resonance imaging. A. J. Ilott et all., Nature Communications 9 1776 (2018).
- Distortion-free inside-out imaging for rapid diagnostics of rechargeable Li-ion cells.
- Diagnosing current distributions in batteries with magnetic resonance imaging. M. Mohammadi et all., J. Mag. Res. 309 106601 (2019).
- Sensitive magnetometry reveals inhomogeneities in charge storage and weak transient internal currents in Li-ion cells. Y. Hu et all., PNAS 117 (20) 10667-10672 (2020).
- Observation of memory effects associated with degradation of rechargeable lithium- ion cells using ultrafast surface-scan magnetic resonance imaging. K. Romanenko et all., J. Mater. Chem. A 9 21078-21084 (2021).
- S. Haber-Pohlmeier et all., Magnetic Resonance Microscopy : Instrumentation and applications in Engineering, Life Science, and Energy Research, chapters 17-18, Wiley-VCH, 2022. ISBN : 9783527827251.
- Three-dimensional characterization of electrodeposited lithium microstructures using synchrotron X-ray phase contrast imaging. D. S. Eastwood et all., Chem. Comunn. 51 266-268 (2015).
- Three-dimensional high resolution X-ray imaging and quantification of lithium ion battery mesocarbon microbead anodes. F. Tariq et all., J. of Power Sources 248 1014-1020 (2014).
- Characterization of the 3-dimensional microstructure of a graphite negative elec- trode from a Li-ion battery. P. R. Shearing et all., Eletrochem. Comunn. 12-3 374-377 (2010).
- Multi Length Scale Microstructural Investigations of a Commercially Available Li- Ion Battery Electrode. P. R. Shearing et all., J. Electrochem. Soc. 159-7, 1023-1027 (2012).
- Local Tortuosity Inhomogeneities in a Lithium Battery Composite Electrode. D. Kehrwald et all., J. Electrochem. Soc. 158-12 1393 (2011).
- In-operando high-speed tomography of lithium-ion batteries during thermal run- away. D. P. Finegan et all., Nat. Comm. 6 6924 (2015).
- Non-invasive battery analysis via micro-computed tomography. E. L. Ballard et all., US7902518B2 (2008).
- In-situ battery diagnosis method using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. R. Mingant et all., US8849598B2 (2010).
- Method for determining an aging condition of a battery cell by means of impedance spectroscopy. J. Ziegler et all., US20120019253A1 (2009).
- Methods and apparatus for battery testing. J. A. Tinnemeyer et all., US20110074432A1 (2009).
- Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in battery management system. CN107076801A (2015).
- A kind of EIS method for fast measuring of lithium ion battery. CN106970266A (2016).
- https:/www.ieco.fi/index.php?k=10909
- https:/www.shicryogenics.com/product/rp-082B2S-4K-pulse-tub e-cryocooler-series/
- https:/www.pure-devices.com/index.php/products/products-research/produits-recherche lecteurl.html
- Moszle M et al : « SQUID-detected microtesla MRI in the presence of metal », Journal of Magnetic Resonance, vol.179,n°1 1 mars 2006, pages 146-151,XO024919553
- Klamor et al : « 7Li in situ 1D NMR imaging of a lithium ion battery » Phys.Chem.Chem.Phys ., 2015, 17, 4458
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La est une vue schématique d’un système de détection SQUID, mis en œuvre dans un appareil d’imagerie IRM selon l’invention ; -
La est un exemple de géométrie d’un concentrateur de flux utilisé dans un système de détection SQUID mis en œuvre dans un appareil d’imagerie IRM selon l’invention ; - [FIG.] La
est une vue schématique d’un appareil d’imagerie IRM de composant métallique selon l’invention.
La présente invention met en œuvre une antenne qui permet d’√augmenter encore plus la sensibilité, se rapprochant de 0.1 Cette antenne a une géométrie à la fois gradiométrique et volumétrique qui rassemble le flux le plus magnétique de l’échantillon tout en restant très robuste au bruit. Le document FR3117218 au nom du présent demandeur décrit l’utilisation de cette antenne dans le contexte de la RMN et de l’IRM. Grâce à cette antenne et à l’augmentation du champ de mesure de 100 μT habituel à environ 1 mT, on est en mesure d’augmenter suffisamment le SNR pour effectuer une acquisition IRM sans prépolarisation et suffisamment de résolution et de contraste pour l’imagerie in- operando des cellules Li-ion.
- des séquences IRM de Li, pour cartographier l’état de lithiation local de la cathode, procurant des aperçus en résolution spatiale de l’état de charge SOC local ; [7]
- des séquences IRM 3C pour étudier le SOC dans l’anode ; [1]
- des séquences IRM pondérées en fonction de la susceptibilité pourraient donner accès à une carte spatialement résolue de la susceptibilité magnétique, ce qui, comme l’ont montré Illot et al. [5], est lié au SOC et SOH locaux.
- Temps d’acquisition autour de 5 minutes pour une image entièrement résolue, mais il est possible d’effectuer des séquences rapides avec moins d’informations en quelques secondes.
- Résolution spatiale dans la plage millimétrique, très probablement une résolution dans le plan de l’ordre de 1. 0 à 2. 5 mm.
- Volume d’intérêt (champ de vision) jusqu’à 50 cm, éventuellement plus. Cela permet d’imager une seule cellule ou un assemblage de cellules avec une seule acquisition.
- Appareil portable sur roues, avec la taille d’une petite machine à laver et pesant environ 100 kg.
- Évaluation de l’état de charge SOC et de l’état de santé SOH des cellules électrochimiques ou des batteries pleines, constituées d’assemblages de cellules, par fourniture d’une carte résolue spatialement du SOC et du SOH in operando.
- Contrôle de la qualité des cellules électrochimiques.
- Contrôle de la qualité et surveillance des puces et composants électroniques.
- Détection de défauts dans les structures métalliques dans les industries suivantes : automobile, construction, énergie, défense et aérospatiale, infrastructures de transport.
- IRM médicale de patients porteurs d’implants métalliques.
Claims (15)
- Appareil d’imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM) (1), agencé pour effectuer une imagerie d’un composant essentiellement métallique, comprenant :
caractérisé en ce que le composant essentiellement métallique (a) est soumis à un champ très faible inférieur à 10 mT, et les moyens de détection (10) comprennent une bobine de captage (h) couplée magnétiquement avec les moyens de polarisation (b’’) et les moyens radiofréquence (g) et opérant en concentrateur de flux, et un détecteur SQUID (dispositif d’interférence quantique supraconducteur) (4) disposé en aval de ladite bobine de captage (h) via un transformateur (3).- des moyens (b’’) pour générer un champ magnétique de polarisation prévu pour être appliqué audit composant essentiellement métallique (a),
- des moyens radiofréquence RF (g) pour exciter ledit composant essentiellement métallique (a),
- des moyens de détection (10) coopérant avec lesdits moyens radiofréquence (g), pour délivrer un signal d’imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM),
- des moyens (l) pour traiter ledit signal IRM de façon à délivrer des informations caractéristiques de l’état dudit composant essentiellement métallique (a),
- Appareil d’imagerie IRM (1) selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de polarisation (b’’), les moyens radiofréquence (g) et la bobine de captage (h) sont enfermés dans une chambre blindée (n).
- Appareil d’imagerie IRM (1) selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que le détecteur SQUID (4) et au moins une partie des moyens de traitement (i) sont disposés dans un cryostat (j).
- Appareil d’imagerie IRM (1) selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de polarisation (b’’) comprennent une bobine de gradient.
- Appareil d’imagerie IRM selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la bobine de captage (2’) présente une géométrie gradiométrique volumétrique.
- Appareil d’imagerie IRM selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la bobine de captage présente une géométrie surfacique, notamment une géométrie gradiométrique surfacique de second ordre.
- Appareil d’imagerie IRM selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la bobine de captage (h) comprend des moyens pour recevoir une cellule électrochimique (a), notamment une cellule Li-ion.
- Appareil d’imagerie IRM selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la bobine de captage comprend des moyens pour recevoir une puce électronique ou un composant électronique.
- Appareil d’imagerie IRM selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la bobine de captage comprend des moyens pour recevoir une structure mécanique industrielle.
- Appareil d’imagerie IRM selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu’il est adapté pour imager une structure d’une centrale énergétique.
- Procédé pour imager par résonance magnétique un composant essentiellement métallique corps (a) contenant au moins une pièce métallique, mis en œuvre dans l’appareil d’imagerie selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant les étapes suivantes :
caractérisé en ce que le composant essentiellement métallique est soumis à un champ très faible inférieur à 10 mT, et l’étape de détection comprend une génération d’un signal induit capté par concentration de flux dans une bobine de captage (h), et une application de ce signal ainsi capté à un détecteur SQUID (4).- générer un champ magnétique de polarisation prévu pour être appliqué audit composant essentiellement métallique (a),
- exciter ledit composant essentiellement métallique (a) par des ondes radiofréquences (RF),
- détecter un signal IRM de réponse dudit composant essentiellement métallique à l’excitation radiofréquence,
- traiter ledit signal IRM ainsi détecté, de façon à délivrer des informations caractéristiques de l’état dudit composant essentiellement métallique (a),
- Procédé d’imagerie IRM selon la revendication précédente, mis en œuvre pour la caractérisation d’une cellule électrochimique (a).
- Procédé d’imagerie IRM selon la revendication précédente, mis en œuvre pour la caractérisation d’une cellule Lithium Ion comprenant une pluralité de noyaux de lithium incluant des noyaux d’isotope 7Li, caractérisé en ce qu’il comprend une étape pour réaliser une image résolue spatialement desdits noyaux d’isotope 7Li, et une étape pour estimer des densités de noyaux 7Li dans ladite image résolue spatialement.
- Procédé d’imagerie IRM selon la revendication précédente, agencé pour procurer une cartographie de la cellule Li-Ion, représentative de l’état de charge (SOC) de ladite cellule à partir des estimations de densité de noyaux 7Li, caractérisé en ce qu’il comprend en outre, alors que ladite cellule Li-Ion est insérée dans la bobine de captage pour y être imagée, une étape pour appliquer aux bornes de ladite cellule une onde de tension de profil prédéterminé, une étape pour mesurer simultanément le courant entrant dans ladite cellule, et une étape pour traiter les mesures de courant et de tension de façon à délivrer une estimation de la capacité et l’état de charge de ladite cellule Li-Ion.
- Procédé d’imagerie IRM selon l’une des deux revendications précédentes, agencé pour procurer une cartographie de la cellule Li-Ion, représentative de l’état de santé (SOH) de ladite cellule à partir des estimations de densité de noyaux 7Li caractérisé en ce qu’il comprend en outre, alors que ladite cellule est insérée dans la bobine de captage pour y être imagée, une étape pour appliquer aux bornes de ladite cellule électrochimique une onde de tension de profil prédéterminé jusqu’à atteindre une charge maximale, une étape pour mesurer simultanément le courant entrant dans ladite cellule électrochimique, une étape pour déterminer la capacité maximale effective de ladite cellule électrochimique, et une étape pour estimer l’état de santé de ladite cellule à partir du ratio entre la capacité maximale effective ainsi déterminée et la capacité maximale initiale de ladite cellule Li-Ion.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020257016133A KR20250087706A (ko) | 2022-11-04 | 2023-11-03 | 금속 또는 부분적 금속 구성요소의 자기 공명 영상을 수행하기 위한 디바이스 및 방법, 및 이 방법의 전기화학 전지 이미징에의 적용 |
| EP23801383.3A EP4612507A1 (fr) | 2022-11-04 | 2023-11-03 | Appareil et procédé pour imager des composants métalliques ou partiellement métalliques par résonance magnétique, application de ce procédé à l'imagerie de cellules électrochimiques |
| CN202380077067.2A CN120225895A (zh) | 2022-11-04 | 2023-11-03 | 用于对金属或部分金属的部件执行磁共振成像的设备和方法以及该方法在电化学单元的成像中的应用 |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FRFR2211479 | 2022-11-04 | ||
| FR2211479A FR3141770B1 (fr) | 2022-11-04 | 2022-11-04 | Appareil et procédé pour imager des corps métalliques ou partiellement métalliques par résonance magnétique, application de ce procédé à l’imagerie de cellules électrochimiques |
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| WO2024094867A1 true WO2024094867A1 (fr) | 2024-05-10 |
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| PCT/EP2023/080701 Ceased WO2024094867A1 (fr) | 2022-11-04 | 2023-11-03 | Appareil et procédé pour imager des composants métalliques ou partiellement métalliques par résonance magnétique, application de ce procédé à l'imagerie de cellules électrochimiques |
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| KR (1) | KR20250087706A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN120225895A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3141770B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024094867A1 (fr) |
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- 2022-11-04 FR FR2211479A patent/FR3141770B1/fr active Active
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2023
- 2023-11-03 CN CN202380077067.2A patent/CN120225895A/zh active Pending
- 2023-11-03 EP EP23801383.3A patent/EP4612507A1/fr active Pending
- 2023-11-03 WO PCT/EP2023/080701 patent/WO2024094867A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2023-11-03 KR KR1020257016133A patent/KR20250087706A/ko active Pending
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| FR3141770B1 (fr) | 2025-01-17 |
| KR20250087706A (ko) | 2025-06-16 |
| FR3141770A1 (fr) | 2024-05-10 |
| CN120225895A (zh) | 2025-06-27 |
| EP4612507A1 (fr) | 2025-09-10 |
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