WO2024085088A1 - 積層体及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
積層体及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024085088A1 WO2024085088A1 PCT/JP2023/037230 JP2023037230W WO2024085088A1 WO 2024085088 A1 WO2024085088 A1 WO 2024085088A1 JP 2023037230 W JP2023037230 W JP 2023037230W WO 2024085088 A1 WO2024085088 A1 WO 2024085088A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/04—Coating
- C08J7/042—Coating with two or more layers, where at least one layer of a composition contains a polymer binder
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/04—Coating
- C08J7/042—Coating with two or more layers, where at least one layer of a composition contains a polymer binder
- C08J7/0423—Coating with two or more layers, where at least one layer of a composition contains a polymer binder with at least one layer of inorganic material and at least one layer of a composition containing a polymer binder
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/04—Coating
- C08J7/043—Improving the adhesiveness of the coatings per se, e.g. forming primers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2300/00—Characterised by the use of unspecified polymers
- C08J2300/22—Thermoplastic resins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2323/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2323/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2367/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2367/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2433/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2433/04—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters
- C08J2433/06—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
- C08J2433/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of methacrylic acid esters
- C08J2433/12—Homopolymers or copolymers of methyl methacrylate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2475/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2475/04—Polyurethanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2475/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2475/04—Polyurethanes
- C08J2475/06—Polyurethanes from polyesters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2475/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2475/04—Polyurethanes
- C08J2475/08—Polyurethanes from polyethers
Definitions
- An embodiment of the present invention relates to a laminate produced using a non-permeable substrate, an aqueous inkjet ink, an adhesive composition, and a vapor deposition film, and a method for producing the same.
- laminates are used in which metal-deposited film or metal foil is laminated to plastic film as necessary.
- Such laminates are generally manufactured by laminating a separately prepared metal-deposited film, metal foil, etc. to a plastic film (hereinafter simply referred to as "film") on which a printing layer has already been formed. This processing method is called “lamination.”
- film plastic film
- This processing method is called "lamination.”
- gravure printing or flexographic printing has traditionally been performed on the plastic film. Both gravure printing and flexographic printing are printing methods in which ink is transferred using a previously prepared plate, and are suitable for high-speed printing and mass production.
- Inkjet printing which is one type of digital printing method, forms characters and images by ejecting ink droplets from extremely fine nozzles onto a substrate and allowing them to adhere to the substrate. Inkjet printing methods also have the advantages of low noise from the printing equipment used, simple operation, and ease of colorization, and their use is expanding in industrial applications as well.
- inks used in inkjet printing methods for industrial applications have traditionally been solvent-based or UV (ultraviolet) curing types, they are now being made water-based due to considerations of the environment and worker safety (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- Water-based inks used in inkjet printing methods have traditionally been used to print on highly permeable substrates such as plain paper and specialty paper (e.g., glossy photographic paper).
- highly permeable substrates such as plain paper and specialty paper (e.g., glossy photographic paper).
- non-permeable substrates such as film
- the droplets of the water-based inkjet ink that adhere to the film do not penetrate into the substrate at all.
- drying due to penetration does not occur, resulting in problems such as color bleeding and color unevenness, and deterioration in the clarity and visibility of characters and images.
- aqueous inkjet inks generally do not penetrate non-permeable substrates at all, so the layers of the aqueous inkjet ink are prone to peeling due to rubbing, etc.
- This is not limited to peeling, but the phenomenon of peeling occurring at the boundary between adjacent layers is called “delamination,” which can be a fatal problem when used as a flexible packaging material.
- peeling can also occur due to damage occurring within the layers. This phenomenon is called “cohesive failure,” and is also problematic in practical use.
- a printed material is stored in a rolled up or stacked state, pressure is applied to the printed surface, and this pressure causes delamination and cohesive failure, resulting in a phenomenon called blocking.
- the above-mentioned blocking refers to the phenomenon in which part of the ink is taken up by the substrate when the substrate attached to the printed surface is peeled off.
- a surface modifier is added to the aqueous inkjet ink to control the wettability.
- the surface modifier will bleed onto the surface of the printed matter, the interface with other layers, and the inside of the other layers, causing delamination and cohesive failure.
- the above-mentioned bleeding refers to the phenomenon in which the target substance seeps out onto the interface with other layers, the inside of the other layers, the surface of the laminate, etc.
- a packaging material e.g., a pouch package
- part of the contents or external water vapor etc. will permeate the laminate.
- delamination and cohesive failure are likely to occur after long-term storage, for example. Therefore, when considering use as a packaging material, for example, it can be said that preventing delamination and cohesive failure after long-term storage is an essential issue.
- a method for solving the above-mentioned problem of permeation of contents and water vapor there is a method of incorporating a layer having an effect of suppressing the permeation of oxygen or water vapor (gas barrier effect) into the layers constituting the laminate.
- a vapor-deposited film is used to enhance the gas barrier effect, and the vapor-deposited film is manufactured by vapor-depositing a metal (oxide) component onto a plastic film.
- a typical example of a vapor-deposited film is one in which aluminum is used as the above-mentioned metal (oxide) component (aluminum vapor-deposited film).
- a transparent vapor-deposited film (transparent vapor-deposited film) can be obtained by using silica or alumina as the metal (oxide) component.
- Such transparent vapor-deposited films have the advantages of a high gas barrier effect and the ability to visually confirm the contents when a pouch package or the like is produced.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a packaging container that uses a film vapor-deposited with silicon oxide or aluminum oxide as a transparent barrier layer, and has a layer printed with inkjet ink on top of a white ink layer formed by gravure printing or the like.
- Patent Document 3 also discloses a packaging bag that has a barrier layer using a film vapor-deposited with silica or alumina, and a layer printed with inkjet ink.
- the inkjet ink that is considered preferable in Patent Document 3 is an oil-based (non-aqueous) inkjet ink, and there is no disclosure of an example using an aqueous inkjet ink.
- An embodiment of the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and provides a laminate that is free of color bleeding and color unevenness, has excellent clarity and visibility, does not undergo delamination or cohesive failure, and has good gas barrier properties, and even after bending, twisting, stretching, etc., or after long-term storage, the laminate does not undergo delamination or cohesive failure, and maintains good gas barrier properties.
- Another embodiment of the present invention provides a laminate that, in addition to the above-mentioned properties, also has excellent recyclability.
- the embodiments of the present invention relate to the following [1] to [9].
- the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments and includes various embodiments.
- the ink layer (III) is a layer formed by printing an aqueous inkjet ink containing a pigment, a resin, and a siloxane-based surface conditioner and/or an acetylene diol-based surface conditioner; the content of the siloxane-based surface conditioner and/or the acetylene diol-based surface conditioner per unit area of the ink layer (III) is 1 to 500 mg/ m2 ;
- the vapor-deposited film (V) comprises a resin film and a vapor-deposited layer of silica and/or alumina.
- a pretreatment layer (II) is further provided between the non-permeable substrate (I) and the ink layer (III), the pretreatment layer (II) is a layer formed from a pretreatment liquid containing a flocculant, The laminate according to [1], wherein the content of the flocculant per unit area of the pretreatment layer (II) is 0.02 to 1 g/ m2 .
- the pretreatment layer (II) further contains a resin (IIR) other than the flocculant, The laminate according to [2], wherein the content of the resin (IIR) per unit area of the pretreatment layer (II) is 0.05 to 1 g/ m2 .
- the adhesive layer (IV) is a layer consisting of a cured film of a solventless adhesive composition containing a polyisocyanate compound and a polyol compound.
- the polyisocyanate compound contains an aromatic polyisocyanate compound,
- the laminate according to [4], wherein the content of the aromatic polyisocyanate compound per unit area of the adhesive layer (IV) is 0.05 to 2.0 g/ m2 .
- the impermeable substrate (I) is a polyolefin film and the resin film is a polyolefin resin film.
- Step 1 a step of printing an aqueous inkjet ink containing a pigment, a resin, and a siloxane-based surface conditioner and/or an acetylene diol-based surface conditioner on a non-permeable substrate (I) such that the content of the siloxane-based surface conditioner and/or the acetylene diol-based surface conditioner per unit area of the ink layer (III) after drying is 1 to 500 mg/ m2 , and then drying the ink layer (III); Step 2: forming an adhesive layer precursor on the ink layer (III) and/or
- Step 0 A step of applying a pretreatment liquid containing a flocculant onto an impermeable substrate (I) so that the content of the flocculant per unit area of the pretreatment layer (II) after drying and/or curing is 0.02 to 1 g/ m2 , and then drying and/or curing the pretreatment layer (II), to obtain the pretreatment layer (II);
- Step 1' a step of printing an aqueous inkjet ink containing a pigment, a resin, and a siloxane-based surface conditioner and/or an acetylene diol-based surface conditioner on a non-permeable substrate (I) such that the content of the siloxane-based surface conditioner
- a laminate can be obtained that is free of color bleeding and color unevenness, has excellent clarity and visibility, does not undergo delamination or cohesive failure, and has good gas barrier properties.Even after bending, twisting, stretching, etc., or after long-term storage, the laminate does not undergo delamination or cohesive failure, and maintains good gas barrier properties.Furthermore, according to another embodiment of the present invention, a laminate can be obtained that has excellent recyclability in addition to the above-mentioned properties.
- this embodiment we will explain the laminate that is an embodiment of the present invention (hereinafter, simply referred to as “this embodiment") by giving preferred forms.
- the laminate of this embodiment has the non-permeable substrate (I), the ink layer (III), the adhesive layer (IV), and the deposition film (V) in this order.
- a pretreatment layer (II) may be present between the non-permeable substrate (I) and the ink layer (III). Note that even laminates having a part of the configuration described above, as exemplified below, are considered to belong to the laminate of this embodiment. However, in the following examples, each pretreatment layer may or may not be present.
- Non-permeable substrate (excluding vapor-deposited films)/first pretreatment layer/first ink layer/first adhesive layer/first vapor-deposited film/second pretreatment layer/second ink layer/second adhesive layer/second vapor-deposited film
- First non-permeable substrate (excluding vapor-deposited films)/first pretreatment layer/first ink layer/first adhesive layer/vapor-deposited film/second pretreatment layer/second ink layer/second adhesive layer/second non-permeable substrate (excluding vapor-deposited films)
- First non-permeable substrate (excluding vapor-deposited film)/first pretreatment layer/first ink layer/adhesive layer/vapor-deposited film/second pretreatment layer/second ink layer/second non-permeable substrate (excluding vapor-deposited film)
- the non-permeable substrate (I) constituting the laminate of this embodiment may be, for example, a film of a thermoplastic resin or a thermosetting resin, preferably a film of a thermoplastic resin.
- the thermoplastic resin include polyolefin resin, polyester resin, polyamide resin, polystyrene resin, polycarbonate resin, acrylonitrile resin, acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer (AS) resin, polyimide resin, cellulose resin, vinyl chloride resin, vinyl acetate resin, ABS resin, (meth)acrylic resin, acetal resin, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) resin, and cellulose resin.
- impermeable substrate (I) examples include films of polyolefin resins such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP); films of polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), and polylactic acid (PLA); films of polyamide resins such as nylon 6, nylon 12, and poly-p-xylylene adipamide (MXD6 nylon); films of polystyrene resins; films of polycarbonate resins; polyacrylonitrile films; films of acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer resins; polyimide resin films; films of cellulose resins such as cellophane; and laminates of these films (e.g., nylon 6/MXD6/nylon 6 laminates and nylon 6/ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer/nylon 6 laminates) and films made of mixtures of the resins listed above.
- polyolefin resins such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP)
- PET poly
- those having mechanical strength and dimensional stability are preferred, and may be, for example, polyolefin resin films and polyester resin films. More specifically, among polyolefin resin films, stretched polypropylene resin films are preferred, and for example, uniaxially stretched polypropylene (OPP) films and biaxially stretched polypropylene (BOPP) films can be preferably used. Furthermore, among polyester resin films, polyethylene terephthalate films and polycarbonate films can be preferably used.
- the impermeable substrate (I) is a laminate of multiple resin substrates
- the adhesive layer There are no limitations on the method of forming the adhesive layer, and it can be formed by a conventionally known method using a conventionally known adhesive composition.
- the non-permeable substrate is a resin substrate
- additives such as antistatic agents and ultraviolet protection agents may be included as necessary.
- a vapor-deposited film may be used as the non-permeable substrate (I), and aluminum vapor-deposited films and transparent vapor-deposited films having vapor-deposited layers of silica, alumina, etc. are preferably used as the vapor-deposited film.
- the surface of the non-permeable substrate (I) (the surface that comes into contact with the pretreatment layer (II) and/or the ink layer (III) described below) may be corona-treated or plasma-treated.
- the thickness of the non-permeable substrate (I) is not particularly limited, but may be preferably 5 ⁇ m or more and 200 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more and 50 ⁇ m or less.
- Pretreatment layer (II) The role of the pretreatment layer (II) in the laminate of this embodiment is to assist the image formation of the aqueous inkjet ink and improve the print quality over a long period of time.
- the role of the pretreatment layer (II) is to increase the adhesion between the non-permeable substrate (I) and the pretreatment layer (II) and between the ink layer (III) and the pretreatment layer (II), and further to improve the adhesion between the non-permeable substrate (I) and the ink layer (III).
- the pretreatment layer (II) is also effective in improving the adhesion between the adhesive layer (IV) and the non-permeable substrate (I) after the image formation with the aqueous inkjet ink.
- the term “adhesive strength” refers to the strength of bonding layers on both sides of an arbitrary layer via the arbitrary layer. Therefore, if the adhesive strength is high, delamination between the arbitrary layer and the layers on both sides can be suppressed.
- the arbitrary layer may be a laminate of two or more layers.
- the term “adhesion” refers to the force that bonds a layer to an adjacent layer. Therefore, if the adhesion is high, delamination between the layer and the adjacent layer can be suppressed.
- the thickness of the pretreatment layer (II) is preferably 0.1 to 1.6 ⁇ m. If the thickness of the pretreatment layer (II) is 0.1 ⁇ m or more, the adhesion to the non-permeable substrate (I) is good, and a laminate having excellent print quality can be obtained over a long period of time. If the thickness is 1.6 ⁇ m or less, the difference between the adhesion between the non-permeable substrate (I) and the adhesive layer (IV) and the adhesion between the non-permeable substrate (I) and the pretreatment layer (II) is small. Therefore, distortion is unlikely to occur between the adhesive layer (IV) and the non-permeable substrate (I), and it is possible to prevent delamination after lamination. In addition, the cohesive force in the pretreatment layer (II) is maintained, and cohesive failure in the pretreatment layer (II) can be suppressed, which results in improved adhesion of the entire laminate.
- the pretreatment layer (II) is a layer formed from a pretreatment liquid containing an aggregating agent.
- pretreatment liquids used together with an aqueous inkjet ink include those that form an ink-receiving layer that allows the aqueous inkjet ink to penetrate into the ink, and those that form an ink-aggregating layer that aggregates and/or thickens the components in the aqueous inkjet ink.
- the pretreatment layer (II) constituting the laminate of this embodiment may be an ink-receiving layer or an ink-aggregating layer.
- the pretreatment layer (II) is less likely to swell, and color mixing and color unevenness in the ink layer (III) can be suitably suppressed, and a laminate having excellent print image quality can be obtained.
- the layer thickness can be easily adjusted within the above range, and interlayer peeling can be easily prevented during lamination processing and after aging. From this viewpoint, it is preferable to form the pretreatment layer (II) using a pretreatment liquid that forms an ink-aggregating layer.
- the pretreatment liquid used to form the pretreatment layer (II) contains a coagulant.
- a coagulant metal salts, cationic polymer compounds, organic acids, etc. can be used.
- metal salts have a particularly strong function as a coagulant, and even a small amount is effective in coagulating and/or thickening the pigments and other components contained in the aqueous inkjet ink. Therefore, they are preferably used because they can provide a laminate with particularly excellent print image quality with reduced color bleeding and color unevenness, and further because they are excellent in recyclability when made into a laminate. Only one type of coagulant may be used, or two or more types of coagulants may be used in combination.
- the type of metal salt is not particularly limited as long as it is composed of a metal ion and an anion bonded to the metal ion.
- the metal ion is preferably a polyvalent metal ion, since it can instantly interact with the pigment and other components present in the aqueous inkjet ink described below, thereby suppressing color bleeding and obtaining a clear image without color unevenness.
- the polyvalent metal ion contains at least one selected from the group consisting of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Zn 2+ , Al 3+ , Fe 2+ , and Fe 3+ , since it reduces color bleeding and color unevenness and obtains a laminate with particularly excellent print image quality.
- the polyvalent metal ion contains at least one selected from the group consisting of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and Al 3+ .
- specific examples of the anion include inorganic anions such as chloride ion, sulfate ion, and nitrate ion, as well as organic acid ions such as ascorbate ion, formate ion, acetate ion, propionate ion, and lactate ion, but are not limited to these.
- the pretreatment liquid used for forming the pretreatment layer (II) constituting the laminate of this embodiment it is preferable to select a metal salt of an organic acid as the metal salt, from the viewpoint of high compatibility with other components and effective suppression of delamination.
- a metal salt of an organic acid it is particularly preferable to use a calcium salt of formic acid and/or lactic acid, from the viewpoint of excellent solubility in water and strong interaction with the components in the aqueous inkjet ink.
- the above metal salts may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the above cationic polymer compound can be any conventionally known compound as long as it is effective in agglomerating and/or thickening the pigment and other components in the aqueous inkjet ink, has suitable solubility, and further has diffusibility in the pretreatment liquid.
- One type may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the term "cationic polymer compound” refers to a resin that has a cationic group but does not have an anionic group, as exemplified below.
- the above resin include compounds formed by polymerizing multiple monomers, and have a weight average molecular weight of 1,000 or more measured by the method described below.
- Examples of cationic groups contained in cationic polymer compounds include amino groups, ammonium groups, amide groups, imino groups, hydrazino groups, and ureido groups.
- Materials used to introduce the cationic groups into cationic polymer compounds include amine compounds such as vinylamine, allylamine, diallylamine, diallylamine ammonium, methyl diallylamine, and ethyleneimine; amide compounds such as acrylamide and vinylformamide; cyanamide compounds such as dicyandiamide; epihalohydrin compounds such as epifluorohydrin, epichlorohydrin, methylepichlorohydrin, epibromohydrin, and epiiodohydrin; cyclic vinyl compounds such as vinylpyrrolidone, vinylcaprolactam, and vinylimidazole; amidine compounds; pyridinium salt compounds; and imidazolium salt compounds.
- the cationic polymer compound is a compound containing one or more structural units selected from an allylamine structural unit, a diallylamine structural unit, a diallylammonium structural unit, and an epichlorohydrin structural unit. All of the above resins are strong electrolytes, and have good dissolution stability in the pretreatment liquid and excellent agglomeration and/or thickening capabilities for pigments and other components in aqueous inkjet inks.
- an organic acid for example, monohydroxy(poly)carboxylic acids such as lactic acid, tartronic acid, malic acid, citric acid, etc.; dihydroxy(poly)carboxylic acids such as glyceric acid, tartaric acid, etc.; other (poly)carboxylic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, glutaric acid, fumaric acid, etc. can be used.
- monohydroxy(poly)carboxylic acids and/or dihydroxy(poly)carboxylic acids are preferably used because of their suitable solubility and diffusibility in the pretreatment liquid.
- the organic acids listed above may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the above-mentioned "(poly)carboxylic acid” refers to monocarboxylic acids and polycarboxylic acids.
- the amount of the flocculant contained in the pretreatment layer (II) constituting the laminate of this embodiment is preferably 0.02 to 1 g/ m2 , more preferably 0.02 to 0.6 g/ m2 .
- the pretreatment liquid contains a resin (IIR) (also referred to as "other resin (IIR)" in this specification) other than the coagulant such as the cationic polymer compound (coagulant).
- resins (IIR) include (meth)acrylic resin, (meth)acrylic resin, urethane resin, (meth)acrylic-urethane resin, polyester resin, polyolefin resin, styrene-butadiene copolymer resin, vinyl chloride resin, etc. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more types.
- (meth)acrylic refers to acrylic and methacrylic.
- the monomers constituting the above “(meth)acrylic resin” also include styrene-based monomers such as styrene, methylstyrene, aminostyrene, sodium styrenesulfonate, and divinylbenzene.
- the other resin (IIR) contained in the pretreatment liquid may be in the form of either a water-soluble resin or resin particles, but resin particles are particularly preferred. Resin particles can improve adhesion to the non-permeable substrate (I), as well as the blocking resistance, lamination suitability, and abrasion resistance of the printed matter. They are also suitable in that they are free of color bleeding and color unevenness, and can provide a laminate with excellent print quality.
- water-soluble resin refers to a resin that is transparent to the naked eye when mixed with 1% by mass of the resin in water in a 25°C environment.
- Resin particles refers to a form of water-insoluble resin (a resin that is not water-soluble) in which the cumulative 50% diameter (D50) (volume basis) of the target resin in a mixed solution in water is 5 to 1,000 nm, as measured using a dynamic light scattering particle size distribution analyzer (e.g., Nanotrac UPAEX-150 manufactured by Microtrac-Bell).
- the acid value of the resin (other resin) (IIR) other than the flocculant it is possible to improve the print quality without inhibiting the function of the flocculant.
- the other resin (IIR) interacts with the non-permeable substrate (I) and the ink layer (III), improving the adhesion between these layers.
- the pretreatment layer (II) containing the other resin (IIR) having a suitable acid value easily dissolves or swells when immersed in a basic solution, making it possible to easily separate the non-permeable substrate (I) from the laminate containing the pretreatment layer (II).
- the acid value of the other resin is preferably 1 to 60 mgKOH/g, more preferably 2 to 50 mgKOH/g, further preferably 3 to 40 mgKOH/g, particularly preferably 4 to 30 mgKOH/g, and extremely preferably 5 to 25 mgKOH/g.
- the "acid value (of a resin)” refers to the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize the acid groups contained in 1 g of the resin.
- the resin e.g., (meth)acrylic resin, urethane resin, (meth)acrylic-urethane resin, etc.
- the theoretical value calculated by the following method is used as the acid value of the resin.
- the resin e.g., polyester resin, etc.
- the actual value measured by the following method is used as the acid value of the resin.
- the acid value (mg KOH/g) can be calculated using the following formula 1.
- 56.11 is the molecular weight of potassium hydroxide.
- the actual acid value is measured, for example, by potentiometric titration.
- potentiometric titration Specifically, using an automatic potentiometric titrator AT-610 manufactured by Kyoto Electronics Manufacturing Co., Ltd., the resin is dissolved in an ethanol/toluene mixed solvent, and then titrated with a 0.1 mol/L potassium hydroxide-ethanol solution, and the acid value is calculated from the resulting titration curve.
- a basic compound can be used as a neutralizing agent to increase the hydrophilicity of the other resins (IIR) and improve the storage stability of the pretreatment liquid.
- the basic compounds include amines such as ammonia, trimethylamine, triethylamine, butylamine, dimethylaminoethanol, diethylaminoethanol, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, aminomethylpropanol, and morpholine; hydroxides such as potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide; and the like.
- amines having a boiling point of 100°C or higher at 1 atmospheric pressure and hydroxides of alkali metals can be preferably used as the neutralizing agent.
- the amines include dimethylaminoethanol, diethylaminoethanol, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, aminomethylpropanol, etc.
- the hydroxides of alkali metals include potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, etc.
- the amount of the other resin (IIR) contained in the pretreatment layer (II) is preferably 0.05 to 1 g/ m2 from the viewpoints of coatability onto the non-permeable substrate (I), adhesion to the non-permeable substrate (I), and recyclability.
- the pretreatment liquid may be used with one or more surface conditioners in combination.
- the surface conditioners include siloxane-based, acrylic-based, fluorine-based, acetylenic diol-based, and polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether-based surface conditioners.
- the blending amount of the surface conditioner is preferably 0.01 to 8 mass %, more preferably 0.05 to 5 mass %, and particularly preferably 0.1 to 3 mass %, based on the total amount of the pretreatment liquid.
- the surface tension of the pretreatment liquid used to form the pretreatment layer (II) constituting the laminate of this embodiment is preferably 20 to 45 mN/m, more preferably 20 to 40 mN/m, and particularly preferably 20 to 35 mN/m, from the same viewpoint as in the case of the amount of the surface conditioner described above.
- surface tension refers to the static surface tension measured by the Wilhelmy method (plate method, vertical plate method) in an environment of 25°C.
- a low surface tension solvent can be used to obtain a pretreatment liquid that has excellent coating or printing suitability when applied to the non-permeable substrate (I) and to set the surface tension to a desired value.
- low surface tension solvent refers to an organic solvent with a surface tension of 18 to 40 mN/m at 25°C.
- a pH adjuster can be added to the pretreatment liquid in order to suppress damage to the components used in the coating or printing device of the pretreatment liquid, suppress pH fluctuations over time, and maintain the performance of the pretreatment liquid for a long period of time.
- Any material having pH adjustment ability can be selected as the pH adjuster.
- alkanolamines including dimethylethanolamine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, etc., which also fall under the low surface tension solvent, in addition to diethanolamine and triethanolamine, ammonia water, alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, and alkali metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium carbonate, etc.
- alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide
- alkali metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium carbonate, etc.
- inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid can be used, or the above-mentioned organic acids can be used as materials that serve both as coagulants and pH adjusters.
- pH adjusters can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Additives such as crosslinking agents, thermal polymerization initiators, photopolymerization initiators, thickeners, and preservatives can be added to the pretreatment liquid as needed to achieve the desired physical properties.
- the crosslinking agents that can be used include blocked isocyanate compounds, carbodiimide compounds, epoxy compounds, oxazoline compounds, and aziridine compounds.
- the amount of the additive is preferably 0.01 to 8% by mass, and more preferably 0.01 to 5% by mass, based on the total amount of the pretreatment liquid.
- the ink layer (III) is a layer printed with an aqueous inkjet ink (also simply referred to as "ink” in this specification), and the aqueous inkjet ink contains a pigment, a resin, and at least one selected from the group consisting of a siloxane-based surface modifier and an acetylene diol-based surface modifier.
- the pigment that can be used in the aqueous inkjet ink may be an inorganic pigment or an organic pigment, and an inorganic pigment and an organic pigment may be used in combination.
- examples of the above inorganic pigments include white inorganic pigments such as titanium oxide, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, calcium carbonate, precipitated barium sulfate, and alumina white; black inorganic pigments such as carbon black and black iron oxide; magenta inorganic pigments such as red iron oxide; yellow inorganic pigments such as yellow iron oxide and titanium yellow; and metallic inorganic pigments such as aluminum, indium, and silver.
- white inorganic pigments such as titanium oxide, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, calcium carbonate, precipitated barium sulfate, and alumina white
- black inorganic pigments such as carbon black and black iron oxide
- magenta inorganic pigments such as red iron oxide
- yellow inorganic pigments such as yellow iron oxide and titanium yellow
- metallic inorganic pigments such as aluminum, indium, and silver.
- titanium oxide is preferably used among the above-listed pigments.
- Either anatase or rutile type titanium oxide can be used, but it is preferable to use the rutile type in order to improve the hiding power of printed matter.
- Titanium oxide produced by either the chlorine method or the sulfuric acid method may be used, but it is preferable to use titanium oxide produced by the chlorine method because it has a higher degree of whiteness.
- the titanium oxide has been surface-treated with an inorganic compound and/or an organic compound.
- inorganic compounds include compounds and oxides of silicon, aluminum, zirconium, tin, and antimony.
- organic compounds include polyhydric alcohols or derivatives thereof, alkanolamines or derivatives thereof, higher fatty acids or metal salts thereof, and organometallic compounds. Among these, polyhydric alcohols or derivatives thereof are preferably used because they can highly hydrophobize the titanium oxide surface and improve dispersion stability.
- carbon black (C.I. Pigment Black 7) produced by the furnace method or the channel method is preferably used.
- these carbon blacks those having properties such as a primary particle size of 11 to 40 nm, a specific surface area by the BET method of 50 to 400 m 2 /g, a volatile content of 0.5 to 10 mass %, and a pH of 2 to 10 are preferable.
- Specific examples of commercially available products having such properties include No.
- the metallic inorganic pigment aluminum and indium are preferably used, and for example, those disclosed in International Publication No. 2013/011772 and JP 2020-132998 A can be preferably used.
- a thin-film metallic inorganic pigment it is preferable to use a metallic inorganic pigment having an average particle diameter of 0.1 to 2 ⁇ m and a thickness of 1 to 50 nm.
- the above-mentioned "average particle diameter” is a cumulative 50% diameter on a volume basis measured by dynamic light scattering, and can be measured from a sample diluted with water as necessary using Nanotrac UPA-EX150 manufactured by Microtrac-Bell, as in the case of the above-mentioned resin particles.
- the above-mentioned "thickness” is a value measured, for example, by the following method. First, the metallic inorganic pigment is mixed with acetone to prepare a dilute dispersion of the metallic inorganic pigment. Next, a small amount of the above dilute dispersion is applied to a glass plate and allowed to dry naturally, and the plate is observed from the side using a scanning electron microscope. Then, the thickness of 30 randomly selected particles is measured, and the average value is calculated to be the "thickness" of the metallic inorganic pigment.
- organic pigments examples include azo pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, anthraquinone pigments, quinacridone pigments, isoindolinone pigments, quinophthalone pigments, dye lake pigments, fluorescent pigments, etc.
- cyan organic pigments in terms of color index include C.I. Pigment Blue 1, 2, 3, 15:1, 15:3, 15:4, 15:6, 16, 22, 60, and 64.
- magenta organic pigments examples include C.I. Pigment Red 5, 7, 12, 31, 48, 49, 52, 53, 57, 112, 120, 122, 146, 147, 149, 150, 168, 170, 184, 185, 188, 202, 209, 238, 242, 254, 255, 264, 268, 269, 282; C.I. Pigment Violet 19, 23, 29, 30, 37, 40, 50, etc.
- yellow organic pigments examples include C.I. Pigment Yellow 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 20, 24, 74, 83, 86, 93, 94, 95, 109, 110, 117, 120, 125, 128, 137, 138, 139, 147, 148, 150, 151, 154, 155, 166, 168, 180, 185, and 213.
- black organic pigments include aniline black, perylene black, and azomethine azo black. Note that a black pigment can also be made by using multiple of the above-mentioned cyan organic pigments, magenta organic pigments, and yellow organic pigments, as well as the brown organic pigments and orange organic pigments described below.
- hollow resin particles can be used as a white organic pigment.
- Hollow resin particles have a smaller specific gravity (apparent density) than titanium oxide and the like, and are therefore more susceptible to settling over time, resulting in an aqueous inkjet ink with excellent storage stability.
- hollow resin particles and titanium oxide can be used in combination as pigments.
- orange organic pigments, green organic pigments, brown organic pigments, etc. can also be used. Specific examples include C.I. Pigment Orange 16, 36, 38, 40, 43, 62, 63, 64, 71, C.I. Pigment Green 7, 10, 36, Pigment Brown 23, 25, 26, etc.
- a mixture of the pigments listed above can be used to adjust the hue and color development of the resulting laminate to a suitable range.
- a small amount of one or more pigments selected from a cyan organic pigment, a magenta organic pigment, an orange organic pigment, and a brown organic pigment can be added.
- These pigments are preferably contained in the range of 2 to 20% by mass, more preferably 2.5 to 15% by mass, and particularly preferably 3 to 10% by mass, of the total amount of the aqueous inkjet ink, except in the case of white ink and aqueous inkjet ink containing a metallic inorganic pigment.
- the content of the pigment is preferably 5 to 40% by mass, more preferably 8 to 30% by mass, of the total amount of the white ink.
- the content of the metallic inorganic pigment is preferably 0.2 to 8% by mass, more preferably 0.3 to 6% by mass, and particularly preferably 0.5 to 4% by mass, of the total amount of the aqueous inkjet ink.
- the viscosity of the aqueous inkjet ink can be adjusted to a range suitable for inkjet printing.
- the storage stability of the aqueous inkjet ink can be maintained at a good level, and as a result, long-term ejection stability can be ensured.
- a pigment dispersion resin for stably maintaining the above-mentioned pigment dispersion state in the aqueous inkjet ink is preferably used.
- a binder resin for improving the scratch resistance of the ink layer (III) and the adhesive strength between the non-permeable substrate (I) and the adhesive layer (IV) is preferably used.
- two types of resins having different structures may be used as the pigment dispersion resin and the binder resin, respectively, or one type of resin may be given both the function as the pigment dispersion resin and the function as the binder resin.
- methods for stably dispersing and maintaining a pigment in an aqueous inkjet ink include (1) a method for adsorbing a water-soluble resin onto the pigment surface, (2) a method for adsorbing a water-soluble and/or water-dispersible surfactant onto the pigment surface, (3) a method for chemically and physically introducing hydrophilic functional groups onto the pigment surface and dispersing the pigment in the aqueous inkjet ink without a resin or surfactant (self-dispersing pigment), and (4) a method for coating a pigment with a water-insoluble resin and, if necessary, further dispersing the pigment in the aqueous inkjet ink using another water-soluble pigment dispersing resin or surfactant.
- the above method (1) or (4) that is, the method of dispersing the pigment using a resin (pigment dispersing resin), is preferably selected.
- an example of a method for producing a pigment dispersion containing a pigment having a water-soluble resin adsorbed thereon is the following method A.
- Method A A water-soluble pigment dispersion resin, water, and optionally a water-soluble organic solvent are mixed and stirred to prepare an aqueous pigment dispersion resin solution, to which a pigment and, optionally, a water-soluble organic solvent, a surface conditioner, a preservative, and the like are added, mixed and stirred (premixed), and then a dispersion treatment is carried out using a conventionally known dispersing machine. After the dispersion treatment, the mixture may be centrifuged, filtered or the like to remove coarse components.
- examples of a method for producing a pigment dispersion containing a pigment coated with a water-insoluble resin include the following methods B, C, and D.
- Method B A water-insoluble pigment dispersion resin is dissolved in an organic solvent such as methyl ethyl ketone, and the pigment dispersion resin is neutralized as necessary to prepare a pigment dispersion resin solution.
- Pigment, water, and, if necessary, a water-soluble organic solvent, a surface conditioner, a preservative, etc. are added to the pigment dispersion resin solution, mixed and stirred (premixed), and then a dispersion treatment is performed using a conventionally known dispersing machine.
- the organic solvent is then removed by distillation under reduced pressure, and, if necessary, centrifugal separation, filtration, etc. are performed to remove coarse components.
- a crosslinking treatment may be carried out by adding a crosslinking agent (e.g., a polyepoxy compound or a polycarbodiimide compound). After the crosslinking treatment, the coarse components may be removed again.
- a crosslinking agent e.g., a polyepoxy compound or a polycarbodiimide compound.
- the coarse components may be removed again.
- Method C A water-soluble pigment dispersion resin having a carboxyl group, water, and optionally a water-soluble organic solvent are mixed and stirred to prepare a pigment dispersion resin aqueous solution.
- a crosslinking agent e.g., a polyepoxy compound or a polycarbodiimide compound
- the mixture may be centrifuged, filtered or the like to remove coarse components.
- Method D A pigment is added to a mixture of hydrophobic monomers constituting a pigment dispersion resin, and the mixture is mixed and stirred, and then a dispersion process is performed using a conventionally known dispersing machine to prepare a monomer mixture in which the pigment is dispersed.
- the monomer mixture in which the pigment is dispersed is mixed with an aqueous emulsifier solution prepared in advance, and a hydrophobic material (hydrophobe) is further added to disperse the monomer mixture in water (O/W type mini-emulsion).
- a polymerization initiator is added to polymerize the monomers. After the polymerization, the mixture may be centrifuged, filtered or the like to remove coarse components.
- the acid value of the water-soluble pigment dispersion resin used in the above method (1) is preferably 30 to 375 mgKOH/g.
- the water-soluble pigment dispersion resin easily reacts with the polyisocyanate component present in the adhesive layer (IV), and in addition, solubility in the aqueous inkjet ink can be ensured. This makes it possible to suppress uneven distribution of the pigment dispersion resin inside the ink layer (III), and to suppress cohesive failure of the ink layer (III) and interlayer peeling with adjacent layers.
- the interaction between the water-soluble pigment dispersion resin molecules is favorable, thereby suppressing the viscosity of the pigment dispersion liquid and the aqueous inkjet ink, and improving storage stability. Furthermore, if the acid value is 375 mgKOH/g or less, excessive coagulation is suppressed when combined with the pretreatment layer (II), and a laminate with excellent clarity and no color unevenness can be obtained.
- the acid value of the water-soluble pigment dispersion resin used in the above method (1) is more preferably 65 to 350 mgKOH/g, even more preferably 100 to 300 mgKOH/g, and particularly preferably 125 to 280 mgKOH/g.
- the acid value of the water-insoluble pigment dispersion resin used in the above method (4) is preferably 1 to 70 mgKOH/g.
- the acid value of the water-insoluble pigment dispersion resin used in the above method (4) is more preferably 3 to 60 mgKOH/g, and even more preferably 5 to 50 mgKOH/g.
- the acid value of the water-soluble pigment dispersion resin before the crosslinking treatment is preferably 80 to 400 mgKOH/g, more preferably 120 to 375 mgKOH/g, and particularly preferably 150 to 350 mgKOH/g.
- the amount of adsorption to the pigment surface after the dispersion treatment can be made uniform. As a result of these, it is possible to further improve the print quality of the laminate and improve the storage stability of the aqueous inkjet ink.
- the method for calculating and measuring the acid value of the pigment dispersion resin is the same as for the other resin (IIR) described above.
- the type of the pigment dispersion resin is not particularly limited, and examples that can be used include (meth)acrylic resin, (maleic anhydride) resin, styrene-(maleic anhydride) copolymer resin, olefin-(maleic anhydride) copolymer resin, urethane resin, polyester resin, and polyolefin resin.
- (meth)acrylic resin in terms of the large range of material selectivity and ease of synthesis, it is particularly preferable to use (meth)acrylic resin, urethane resin, and polyester resin.
- these pigment dispersion resins can be synthesized by known methods, or commercially available products can be used.
- (maleic anhydride) refers to maleic acid and maleic anhydride.
- the pigment dispersion resin preferably contains an aromatic ring structure.
- the aromatic ring contained in the pigment dispersion resin and the nitrogen atom in the urethane bond contained in the solventless adhesive composition described later form a ⁇ -cation interaction, which can suppress relative peeling between the ink layer (III) and the adhesive layer (IV).
- the dispersion stability of the pigment in the aqueous inkjet ink can be ensured and improved.
- the amount of the aromatic ring structure is preferably 10 to 80 mass % relative to the total amount of the pigment dispersion resin, more preferably 15 to 75 mass %, and particularly preferably 20 to 70 mass %.
- the “amount of aromatic ring structure” refers to the mass ratio of monomers having an aromatic ring structure to the total amount of monomers that make up the pigment dispersion resin.
- the pigment dispersion resin preferably contains an alkyl group having 8 to 30 carbon atoms in addition to the aromatic ring structure.
- the alkyl group By making the alkyl group have 8 to 30 carbon atoms, it is possible to simultaneously achieve low viscosity of the pigment dispersion, stable dispersion, suppression of coagulation failure of the ink layer (III), and further improvement of print image quality.
- the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group is preferably 12 to 24 carbon atoms, and more preferably 18 to 22 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group may be either a linear alkyl group or a branched alkyl group as long as it has a carbon number of 8 to 30.
- the number of carbon atoms when the number of carbon atoms is large (specifically, the number of carbon atoms is 12 or more), it is preferable that it is a linear alkyl group. When the number of carbon atoms is small (specifically, the number of carbon atoms is 11 or less), it is preferable that it is a branched alkyl group (for example, an isooctyl group, a 2-ethylhexyl group, an isononyl group, or an isodecyl group).
- the pigment dispersion resin contains an alkylene oxide group in addition to the aromatic ring structure.
- an alkylene oxide group By introducing an alkylene oxide group, the hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity of the pigment dispersion resin can be adjusted as desired, and the dispersion stability of the pigment can be improved.
- the pigment dispersion resin can be made to exist uniformly in the ink layer (III), which makes it possible to suppress cohesive failure of the ink layer (III).
- the pigment dispersion resin When a water-soluble resin is used as the pigment dispersion resin, it is preferable to neutralize the acid groups in the pigment dispersion resin with a base in order to increase the solubility in the ink. However, if an excessive amount of base is added, the coagulant in the pretreatment liquid layer (II) is neutralized and the effect cannot be fully exerted, so care must be taken with the amount added. Whether the amount of base added is excessive can be confirmed, for example, by preparing a 10% by mass aqueous solution of the water-soluble pigment dispersion resin and measuring the pH of the aqueous solution. In one embodiment, in order to fully exert the function of the pretreatment liquid, the pH of the aqueous solution is preferably 7 to 11, and more preferably 7.5 to 10.5.
- pH is the value at 25°C. pH can be measured by a conventional method, for example, using a standard Tou pH electrode or a sleeve Tou pH electrode with a tabletop pH meter F-72 manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.
- bases for neutralizing the pigment dispersion resin include alkanolamines such as diethanolamine, triethanolamine, and N-methyldiethanolamine; aqueous ammonia; alkali metal hydroxides such as lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide; and alkali metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, and potassium carbonate.
- the weight-average molecular weight of the pigment dispersion resin is preferably in the range of 1,000 to 200,000, and more preferably in the range of 5,000 to 100,000. With a weight-average molecular weight in the above range, the pigment is stably dispersed in water, and viscosity adjustment when applied to aqueous inkjet ink is easy to perform. In particular, if the weight-average molecular weight is 1,000 or more, the pigment dispersion resin is less likely to dissolve in the water-soluble organic solvent present in the aqueous inkjet ink, resulting in excellent dispersion stability.
- the weight-average molecular weight is 200,000 or less, the viscosity of the pigment dispersion liquid and aqueous inkjet ink is kept low, and the ejection stability from the inkjet head is excellent, enabling stable printing over a long period of time.
- the weight average molecular weight of a resin is a polystyrene equivalent value that can be measured, for example, by a method conforming to JIS K 7252.
- a specific example of a measurement method is a method using a GPC measurement device (Tosoh HLC-8120GPC) equipped with a Tosoh TSKgel column and an RI detector, and using THF as the developing solvent.
- the amount of the pigment dispersion resin is preferably 1 to 50% by mass relative to the pigment.
- the viscosity of the pigment dispersion liquid is suppressed, and the viscosity stability and dispersion stability of the pigment dispersion liquid or aqueous inkjet ink are improved.
- the ratio of the pigment dispersion resin content to the pigment content is more preferably 2 to 45% by mass, even more preferably 3 to 40% by mass, and most preferably 4 to 35% by mass.
- the blending amount of the pigment dispersion resin is preferably 50 to 250% by mass relative to the pigment.
- the blending amount of the pigment dispersion resin is more preferably 70 to 220% by mass, and particularly preferably 80 to 200% by mass.
- ⁇ Binder resin> water-soluble resins and resin particles are generally known as the form of resin.
- the aqueous inkjet ink used for forming the ink layer (III) constituting the laminate of this embodiment may contain a binder resin.
- a binder resin a water-soluble resin may be used, resin particles may be used, or both may be used in combination.
- the term “emulsion” refers to a form in which an emulsifier is adsorbed and/or bonded to the surface of resin particles and dispersed in a dispersion medium.
- hydrosol refers to a form in which acidic and/or basic functional groups present in a resin are neutralized and dispersed in a dispersion medium without using an emulsifier.
- the emulsion can contain a resin with a large weight-average molecular weight, can reduce the viscosity of the aqueous inkjet ink, and can incorporate a larger amount of resin into the aqueous inkjet ink, making it suitable for improving the abrasion resistance and cohesive failure inhibition properties of the printed matter of the ink layer (III), as well as the blocking resistance of the laminate.
- a resin with a weight-average molecular weight in the range of 10,000 to 80,000 it is preferable to use a resin with a weight-average molecular weight in the range of 10,000 to 80,000, and it is more preferable to use a resin with a weight-average molecular weight in the range of 20,000 to 50,000.
- a weight-average molecular weight of 10,000 or more is preferable because it can provide suitable abrasion resistance and suppression of cohesive failure of the printed matter.
- a weight-average molecular weight of 80,000 or less is preferable because it can maintain suitable ejection stability from the inkjet head.
- the type of resin used as the binder resin is not particularly limited, but examples include (meth)acrylic resin, urethane resin, (meth)acrylic-urethane resin, vinyl chloride resin, polyolefin resin, polyester resin, etc.
- the binder resin contains an aromatic ring structure. This allows the aromatic ring to form a ⁇ -cation interaction with the nitrogen atom in the urethane bond contained in the solventless adhesive composition described below, and the relative peeling between the ink layer (III) and the adhesive layer (IV) can be suitably suppressed. In addition, the interaction between the aromatic rings increases the strength of the ink layer (III) and can also suppress cohesive failure of the ink layer (III).
- the amount of the aromatic ring structure is preferably 3 to 50 mass % of the total amount of the binder resin, more preferably 5 to 40 mass %, and particularly preferably 7 to 35 mass %.
- the content of the binder resin in the total amount of the aqueous inkjet ink is preferably in the range of 1% by mass to 20% by mass, more preferably 2% by mass to 15% by mass, and particularly preferably 3% by mass to 10% by mass, calculated as solid content.
- the aqueous inkjet ink of this embodiment uses a surface conditioner for the purpose of adjusting the surface tension to ensure wettability on the non-permeable substrate (I) and the pretreatment layer (II) and improve the print image quality.
- a surface conditioner for the purpose of adjusting the surface tension to ensure wettability on the non-permeable substrate (I) and the pretreatment layer (II) and improve the print image quality.
- an excessive amount of surface conditioner is added to cause the surface tension to be too low, or if a specific type of surface conditioner is used, the nozzle surface of the inkjet head will become wet with the aqueous inkjet ink, not only impairing the ejection stability but also adversely affecting the adhesion between the ink layer (III) and the adhesive layer (IV) and between the adhesive layer (IV) and the vapor-deposited film (V).
- the aqueous inkjet ink of this embodiment uses a siloxane-based and/or acetylenic diol-based surface conditioner as the surface conditioner.
- siloxane-based and/or acetylenic diol-based surface conditioners have a more suitable orientation speed to the interface, so that the adhesive composition applied later is not repelled and a uniform adhesive layer (IV) can be formed;
- siloxane-based and/or acetylenic diol-based surface conditioners have a high affinity with other layers, so they are less likely to affect the adhesion with adjacent layers; and adhesion is reinforced by chemical interactions via the siloxane-based and/or acetylenic diol-based surface conditioners; etc.
- a transparent vapor deposition film on which silica and/or alumina are vapor-deposited is used as the vapor deposition film (V).
- the transparent vapor deposition film has a problem that cracks occur on the surface of the vapor deposition layer of silica and/or alumina due to folding or the like, and the barrier properties against oxygen, water vapor, etc. are deteriorated.
- a certain amount of a siloxane-based surface conditioner and/or an acetylene diol-based surface conditioner is blended in the ink layer (III) to solve the above-mentioned problem.
- siloxane-based surface conditioner and/or acetylene diol-based surface conditioner in the ink layer (III) bleeds through the adhesive layer (IV) to the vapor deposition layer of silica and/or alumina. It is believed that the siloxane-based surface conditioner and/or acetylene diol-based surface conditioner suppresses the occurrence of cracks and prevents the barrier properties against oxygen, water vapor, etc. from deteriorating.
- the content of the siloxane-based and/or acetylene diol-based surface conditioner per unit area of the ink layer (III) may be 1 to 500 mg/ m2 .
- the above content is more preferably 1 to 480 mg/ m2 , even more preferably 25 to 450 mg/ m2 , and most preferably 100 to 400 mg/ m2 . If the content of the surface conditioner contained in the ink layer (III) is within the above range, not only is the print quality improved, but the adhesive composition is not repelled and the affinity between the adhesive layer (IV) and the ink layer (III) is improved.
- the amount of bleeding of silica and/or alumina in the vapor deposition film (V) into the vapor deposition layer becomes suitable, which makes it possible to suppress cracks and improve gas barrier properties. Furthermore, even when the laminate is stored for a long period of time as a packaging material, deterioration of the adhesion between the ink layer (III) and the adhesive layer (IV) and between the adhesive layer (IV) and the vapor-deposited film (V) can be suppressed.
- the term "surface conditioner” refers to a compound that has a hydrophilic portion and a hydrophobic portion in its molecular structure and that can adjust the surface tension of the aqueous inkjet ink to which it is added. For example, if the difference in surface tension between an aqueous inkjet ink to which 1.0 mass % of the target compound has been added and an aqueous inkjet ink to which the compound has not been added is 3 mN/m or more, the compound can be a preferred surface conditioner in one embodiment. The same applies to the surface conditioner contained in the pretreatment liquid described above.
- acetylene diol surface conditioner examples include, but are not limited to, 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-5-decyne-4,7-diol, 2,5,8,11-tetramethyl-6-dodecyne-5,8-diol, hexadeca-8-yne-7,10-diol, 6,9-dimethyl-tetradec-7-yne-6,9-diol, 7,10-dimethylhexadeca-8-yne-7,10-diol, and their ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide adducts.
- one or more selected from the group consisting of 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-5-decyne-4,7-diol, an ethylene oxide adduct of 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-5-decyne-4,7-diol, 2,5,8,11-tetramethyl-6-dodecyne-5,8-diol, and an ethylene oxide adduct of 2,5,8,11-tetramethyl-6-dodecyne-5,8-diol are particularly suitable for use.
- These acetylene diol-based surface conditioners may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- examples of the siloxane-based surface conditioner include 8032 ADDITIVE, FZ-2104, FZ-2120, FZ-2122, FZ-2162, FZ-2164, FZ-2166, FZ-2404, FZ-7001, FZ-7002, FZ-7006, L-7001, L-7002, SF8427, SF8428, SH3748, and SH37 manufactured by Toray Dow Corning Co., Ltd.
- Examples of such surface conditioners include KF-351A, KF-352A, KF-353, KF-354L, KF-355A, KF-615A, KF-640, KF-642, KF-643, KF-644, KF-945, KF-6011, KF-6012, KF-6015, KF-6017, KF-6020, KF-6204, and X-22-4515 from Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., and the Silface SAG series from Nissin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- siloxane-based surface conditioners in which one or more ethylene oxide groups and/or propylene oxide groups have been introduced into the side chain and/or both ends of a polydimethylsiloxane chain can be preferably used, and siloxane-based surface conditioners in which an ethylene oxide group and/or a propylene oxide group has been introduced into at least the side chain can be particularly preferably used.
- siloxane-based surface conditioners may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the siloxane-based surface conditioner and the acetylene diol surface conditioner are not too large molecules. Specifically, it is preferable to select a surface conditioner having a molecular weight of 100 to 5,000, more preferably a surface conditioner having a molecular weight of 180 to 3,000, and particularly preferably a surface conditioner having a molecular weight of 220 to 2,000.
- a surface conditioner having a kinetic viscosity at 25°C of 10 to 450 mm 2 /s more preferably a surface conditioner having a kinetic viscosity of 20 to 400 mm 2 /s, and particularly preferably a surface conditioner having a kinetic viscosity of 40 to 300 mm 2 /s.
- a laminate in which the interlayer peeling does not occur and the gas barrier property is maintained good even after the laminate is subjected to actions such as stretching or the like or after long-term storage.
- the kinetic viscosity can be measured using, for example, an Ubbelohde viscometer.
- the content of the siloxane-based surface conditioner is preferably 20 to 500% by mass, more preferably 25 to 400% by mass, and particularly preferably 35 to 300% by mass, when the content of the acetylenic diol surface conditioner is taken as 100% by mass.
- surface conditioners other than siloxane-based surface conditioners and acetylene diol surface conditioners may be used as long as they do not impair the print image quality, ejection stability, or adhesion to adjacent layers.
- surface conditioners other than siloxane-based surface conditioners and acetylene diol surface conditioners include acrylic surface conditioners, fluorine-based surface conditioners, and polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether surface conditioners.
- the total amount of surface conditioner added is preferably 0.05% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less, and more preferably 0.1% by mass or more and 3% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the aqueous inkjet ink.
- the total amount of surface conditioner added is preferably 0.05% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less, and more preferably 0.1% by mass or more and 3% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the aqueous inkjet ink.
- the aqueous inkjet ink used in the production of the laminate of this embodiment preferably contains a water-soluble organic solvent.
- the aqueous inkjet ink containing a water-soluble organic solvent has excellent wettability with respect to the non-permeable substrate (I) and the pretreatment layer (II), and therefore has excellent clarity and visibility, and can provide printed images without omissions in solid images and the like, and can also suppress interlayer peeling between adjacent layers. Furthermore, since the pigment dispersion resin can be uniformly present in the aqueous inkjet ink containing a water-soluble organic solvent, cohesive failure of the ink layer (III) can also be suppressed.
- water-soluble organic solvent refers to an organic solvent having a solubility of 1% by mass or more in water at 25°C.
- the type of water-soluble organic solvent contained in the aqueous inkjet ink is not particularly limited, and any conventionally known organic solvent can be used.
- a water-soluble organic solvent that contains one or more hydroxyl groups in the molecular structure from the viewpoint of compatibility and affinity with the surface conditioner and with components such as pigment dispersion resin and binder resin that are added as necessary, it is preferable to use a water-soluble organic solvent that contains one or more hydroxyl groups in the molecular structure, and it is particularly preferable to use a glycol monoether solvent and/or a polyol solvent.
- the hydroxyl groups react with the polyisocyanate component in the solventless adhesive composition described below, and this can also suppress interlayer peeling between the adhesive layer (IV) and the ink layer (III).
- glycol monoether solvents examples include diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monopropyl ether, diethylene glycol monoisopropyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monoisobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monohexyl ether, diethylene glycol monoisohexyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-2-ethylhexyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylene glycol monoethyl ether, triethylene glycol monobutyl ether, triethylene glycol monoisobutyl ether, tetraethylene glycol monomethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol monoethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monopropyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propy
- polyol-based solvents examples include 1,2-ethanediol (ethylene glycol), 1,2-propanediol (propylene glycol), 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-ethyl-
- Examples of such polyols include alkanediols such as 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 3-methyl-1,3-butanediol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 2-methyl-2-propyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-methylpentanedio
- 1,2-propanediol 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, diethylene glycol monopropyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monopropyl ether, dipropylene glycol monopropyl ether, and dipropylene glycol monobutyl ether, because they provide excellent ejection stability, moisture retention, and drying properties of the aqueous inkjet ink, as well as print image quality of the laminate and prevention of delamination between adjacent layers.
- water-soluble organic solvents that can be used include monool-based solvents such as ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, t-butanol, 3-methoxy-1-butanol, and 3-methoxy-3-methyl-1-butanol; glycol diethers such as diethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl methyl ether, diethylene glycol isopropyl methyl ether, diethylene glycol butyl methyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol butyl methyl ether, and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether; pyrrolidone-based solvents such as 2-pyrrolidone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, and 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidone; and alkanol
- the boiling point of the water-soluble organic solvent at 1 atmosphere is preferably 100°C or higher and 240°C or lower.
- a water-soluble organic solvent with a boiling point of 100°C or higher the ejection stability, dispersion stability, and moisture retention of the aqueous inkjet ink are improved.
- a water-soluble organic solvent with a boiling point of 240°C or lower the drying properties of the aqueous inkjet ink are improved.
- the boiling point at 1 atmosphere can be measured using a thermal analysis device such as a DSC (differential scanning calorimetry).
- the total amount of water-soluble organic solvents contained in the aqueous inkjet ink used to manufacture the laminate of this embodiment is preferably 3 to 40% by mass relative to the total amount of the aqueous inkjet ink (A). Furthermore, from the viewpoint of improving the ejection stability from the inkjet head and suppressing interlayer delamination with adjacent layers, it is more preferably 5 to 35% by mass, and particularly preferably 8 to 30% by mass.
- the aqueous inkjet ink may contain additives such as a crosslinking agent, a thermal polymerization initiator, an infrared absorbing agent, an ultraviolet absorbing agent, a preservative, a thickener, etc.
- the amount of these additives added is preferably 0.01 to 10% by mass based on the total mass of the aqueous inkjet ink.
- the adhesive layer (IV) constituting the laminate of this embodiment is a layer obtained by forming an adhesive layer precursor by applying an adhesive composition onto the ink layer (III) and/or the vapor deposition film (V) and then drying and/or curing the adhesive layer precursor.
- an adhesive composition for example, a solventless adhesive composition containing a polyisocyanate component and a polyol component, and a dry adhesive composition containing a resin having thermal fusion properties and a liquid component can be used.
- the solventless adhesive composition does not require the use of a dryer, and since it contains substantially no solvent, it has the advantage that the print quality of the ink layer (III) is not deteriorated by the solvent.
- ⁇ Polyisocyanate component It is preferable to use an aromatic isocyanate compound as the polyisocyanate component. Compared with aliphatic isocyanate compounds and alicyclic isocyanate compounds, aromatic isocyanate compounds have high reactivity. As a result, it is possible to suppress interlayer delamination between the adhesive layer (IV) and the ink layer (III) formed using the solventless adhesive composition, and between the adhesive layer (IV) and the deposition film (V).
- the solventless adhesive composition containing an aromatic isocyanate compound has a high affinity with the resin, and further, it is considered that the ⁇ electrons in the aromatic ring structure present in the aromatic isocyanate compound form an intermolecular interaction with the ink layer (III). Therefore, it is also possible to firmly prevent interlayer delamination between the ink layer (III) and the adhesive layer (IV).
- aromatic isocyanate compounds include m-phenylene diisocyanate, p-phenylene diisocyanate, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 2,2'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate, dialkyldiphenylmethane diisocyanate, tetraalkyldiphenylmethane diisocyanate, 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-biphenylene diisocyanate, 3,3'-dimethoxy-4,4'-biphenylene diisocyanate, naphthalene-1,5-diisocyanate, tetrahydronaphthylene-1,5-diisocyanate, 4,4-dibenzyl isocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate,
- the aromatic isocyanate compound contains one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 2,2'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, dialkyldiphenylmethane diisocyanate, tetraalkyldiphenylmethane diisocyanate (the above compounds are also collectively referred to as "diphenylmethane diisocyanate”), 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, and 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate (the above compounds are also collectively referred to as "tolylene diisocyanate").
- the proportion of the aromatic isocyanate compound contained in the solventless adhesive composition is preferably 5 to 70% by mass based on the total amount of the solventless adhesive composition.
- the above proportion is more preferably 10 to 60% by mass, and even more preferably 15 to 50% by mass.
- the content of the aromatic isocyanate compound contained per unit area of the adhesive layer (IV) is preferably 0.05 to 2.0 g/m 2 , and particularly preferably 0.1 to 2.0 g/m 2.
- This embodiment is preferable from the viewpoint of suppressing the occurrence of cracks in the vapor deposition layer present in the vapor deposition film (V) and preventing deterioration of the gas barrier property even after long-term storage as a packaging container without excessively suppressing bleeding of the siloxane-based surface conditioner and/or acetylene diol-based surface conditioner contained in the ink layer (III), and further from the viewpoint of obtaining a laminate with excellent recyclability.
- amount of aromatic isocyanate compound refers to the mass of the aromatic isocyanate compound when the solventless adhesive composition contains an aromatic isocyanate compound, and refers to the product of the mass ratio of the amount of aromatic isocyanate compound to the total amount of monomers constituting the polymer and the content of the polymer when the solventless adhesive composition contains a polymer.
- an adduct and/or an isocyanurate obtained from the aromatic isocyanate compound may be used.
- the "adduct” refers to an addition product of an aromatic isocyanate compound and trimethylolpropane
- the “isocyanurate” refers to a trimer of an aromatic isocyanate compound.
- the aromatic polyisocyanate compound may be a reaction product of the aromatic isocyanate compound listed above with a polyol, and may be a polyisocyanate having an isocyanate group at the end.
- a polyether polyol or a polyester polyol as the polyol. This improves compatibility with the polyol component described below, and can prevent cohesive failure of the adhesive layer (IV). As a result, the application of the solventless adhesive composition is improved, which leads to the suppression of interlayer delamination and cohesive failure in the laminate. It is particularly preferable to use a polyether polyol as the polyol.
- the polyether polyol may be, for example, a compound obtained by polymerizing an oxirane compound such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, or tetrahydrofuran with water, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, or glycerin as an initiator.
- an oxirane compound such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, or tetrahydrofuran with water, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, or glycerin as an initiator.
- a combination of multiple oxirane compounds having different numbers of functional groups may also be used. It is preferable to use a polyether polyol having a number average molecular weight of 100 or more and 5,000 or less.
- the polyester polyol may be a compound obtained by reacting a polycarboxylic acid component with a glycol component.
- the polycarboxylic acid component include polycarboxylic acids such as terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, adipic acid, and sebacic acid, or dialkyl esters thereof, or mixtures thereof.
- the glycol component include glycols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, butylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, polyoxyethylene glycol, polyoxypropylene glycol, and polytetramethylene ether glycol, or mixtures thereof.
- reaction products of the aromatic isocyanate compounds listed above with low molecular weight diols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, butylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, etc. can also be used.
- the number average molecular weight of the polyisocyanate component as a whole is preferably 200 to 1,500, more preferably 250 to 1,200, and particularly preferably 300 to 800.
- the "number average molecular weight of the polyisocyanate component as a whole" refers to the weighted average of the number average molecular weights of each of the polyisocyanate compounds.
- the number average molecular weight of the polyether polyol is preferably 100 to 5,000. In this case, it is preferable to use an aromatic isocyanate compound with a small molecular weight together with the reaction product to adjust the overall number average molecular weight to the above range.
- polyisocyanate component only one of the polyisocyanate compounds listed above may be used, or two or more of them may be used in combination.
- polyisocyanate compounds it is preferable that one or more of them is an aromatic polyisocyanate compound.
- the polyol component may be, for example, a polymer polyol such as polyether polyol, polyester polyol, polyether ester polyol, polycarbonate polyol, polyurethane polyol, polyester amide polyol, or acrylic polyol (all of which have terminal hydroxyl groups); a low molecular weight diol such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, butylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, or 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol; or a low molecular weight triol such as trimethylolpropane or glycerin.
- a polymer polyol such as polyether polyol, polyester polyol, polyether ester polyol, polycarbonate polyol, polyurethane polyol, polyester amide polyol, or acrylic polyol (all of which have terminal hydroxyl groups)
- the polyol component contains one or more polymer polyols selected from the group consisting of polyester polyols, polyether polyols, and polyether ester polyols.
- polyester polyols having hydroxyl groups at the terminals
- polyester polyols include reaction products of polycarboxylic acids such as terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, or the like, or their dialkyl esters, or mixtures thereof, with glycols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, butylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, polyoxyethylene glycol, polyoxypropylene glycol, polytetramethylene ether glycol, or the like, or mixtures thereof; or ring-opening polymerization reaction products of lactones such as polycaprolactone, polyvalerolactone, poly( ⁇ -methyl- ⁇ -valerolactone); etc.
- Vegetable oils such as castor oil, as well as polyester compounds derived from such vegetable oils, can also be used
- polyester polyols in which some of the hydroxyl groups in the above-mentioned polyester polyols have been reacted with an acid anhydride such as trimellitic anhydride.
- an acid anhydride such as trimellitic anhydride.
- trimellitic anhydride the amount used is preferably 0.1 to 5 mass% based on 100 mass% of the polyester polyol before the reaction.
- examples of the above polyether polyols include compounds obtained by polymerizing oxirane compounds such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, and tetrahydrofuran with low molecular weight polyols such as water, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, and glycerin as an initiator.
- oxirane compounds such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, and tetrahydrofuran
- low molecular weight polyols such as water, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, and glycerin as an initiator.
- the polyether ester polyol may be, for example, a compound obtained by reacting a dibasic acid such as terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, or sebacic acid, or a dialkyl ester thereof, or a mixture thereof, with the polyether diol.
- a dibasic acid such as terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, or sebacic acid, or a dialkyl ester thereof, or a mixture thereof, with the polyether diol.
- the number average molecular weight of the polyol component is preferably 300 to 5,000, and more preferably 500 to 3000.
- the polyol component only one of the polyols exemplified above may be used, or two or more of them may be used in combination.
- the polyol component contains two or more polyols with different number average molecular weights.
- a polyol having a number average molecular weight of 100 to 500 it is preferable to contain a polyol having a number average molecular weight of 100 to 500, a polyol having a number average molecular weight of more than 500 and not more than 3,000, and a polyol having a number average molecular weight of more than 3,000 and not more than 10,000, or a polyol having a number average molecular weight of 100 to 1,000 and a polyol having a number average molecular weight of more than 1,000 and not more than 10,000.
- polyols having a number average molecular weight of 1,000 or less have excellent permeability into the ink layer (III) and also have good reactivity with the above-mentioned polyisocyanate component, so they contribute to suppressing interlayer delamination with the ink layer (III).
- polyols with a number average molecular weight of more than 1,000 are effective in increasing the cohesive strength of the cured film of the solventless adhesive composition, which in turn contributes to suppressing cohesive failure of the adhesive layer (IV) and improving the gas barrier properties of the laminate.
- the number of moles of isocyanate groups in the polyisocyanate component used in combination is preferably 120 moles or more and 300 moles or less.
- the solventless adhesive composition used for producing the laminate of this embodiment contains an acid group-containing component.
- the acid group-containing component examples include dimethylolpropionic acid, dimethylolbutanoic acid, or alkylene oxide adducts of these compounds (the above components also serve as the above-mentioned polyol components); polyether polyols having acid groups; polyester polyols having acid groups; (meth)acrylic resins having acid groups and hydroxyl groups; modified styrene-maleic anhydride (anhydride) copolymer resins having hydroxyl groups; and the like.
- the above-listed acid group-containing components are preferably blended so that the adhesive composition forming the adhesive layer (IV) has an acid value of 1 to 60 mgKOH/g.
- the acid value is more preferably 2 to 50 mgKOH/g, even more preferably 3 to 40 mgKOH/g, and particularly preferably 5 to 30 mgKOH/g.
- the method for calculating and measuring the acid value of the adhesive composition is the same as for the other resin (IIR) described above.
- the solventless adhesive composition that can be used to produce the laminate of this embodiment can further contain a particle component having an average particle size of 0.1 to 0.4 ⁇ m.
- a solventless adhesive composition containing a particle component having an average particle size within the above range is used, the gas barrier properties of the laminate are improved, and even when the laminate is produced at high speed, the laminate can have good print quality and be suppressed in interlayer delamination and cohesive failure.
- the average particle size of the particle component described above can be measured by the same method as the average particle size of the metallic inorganic pigment described above.
- the compounds constituting the particle components may be inorganic or organic compounds.
- the inorganic compound when included as a particle component, the inorganic compound may be aluminum oxide, aluminum silicate, alumina white, potassium sulfate, zinc oxide, zinc carbonate, magnesium aluminometasilicate, magnesium silicate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, calcium silicate, calcium sulfate, titanium oxide, silica, zeolite, activated carbon, kaolin, talc, rosewood clay, silica stone, mica, graphite, sericite, montmorillonite, sericite, sepiolite, bentonite, perlite, zeolite, wollastonite, fluorite, dolomite, etc.
- the above-mentioned resin particles that can be included in the aqueous inkjet ink can be preferably used as the organic compound.
- resin particles such as benzoguanamine resin, epoxy resin, phenol resin, fluororesin, polyimide resin, polyamide resin, polyacetal resin, and cellulose resin can also be used.
- benzoguanamine resin particles can be preferably used.
- the content of the particle components listed above is preferably 0.01 to 10% by mass when the total amount of the polyisocyanate component and the polyol component is taken as 100% by mass.
- the solventless adhesive composition may also contain a silane coupling agent.
- a silane coupling agent those having a functional group such as a vinyl group, an epoxy group, an amino group, an imino group, or a mercapto group, and a functional group such as a methoxy group or an ethoxy group can be suitably used.
- silane coupling agents examples include chlorosilanes such as vinyltrichlorosilane; aminosilanes such as N-(dimethoxymethylsilylpropyl)ethylenediamine and N-(triethoxysilylpropyl)ethylenediamine; epoxysilanes such as ⁇ -glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and ⁇ -glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane; vinylsilanes such as vinyltriethoxysilane; and the like.
- the amount of the silane coupling agent added is preferably 0.1 to 5 mass% based on the total amount of the solventless adhesive composition.
- the solventless adhesive composition may further contain additives such as antioxidants, UV absorbers, hydrolysis inhibitors, antifungal agents, thickeners, plasticizers, surface conditioners, pigments, and fillers, as necessary.
- additives such as antioxidants, UV absorbers, hydrolysis inhibitors, antifungal agents, thickeners, plasticizers, surface conditioners, pigments, and fillers, as necessary.
- auxiliary agents such as titanate coupling agents, phosphoric acid, phosphoric acid derivatives, acid anhydrides, and adhesive resins may also be used.
- conventionally known catalysts, additives, and the like may also be used to adjust the curing reaction.
- a solventless adhesive composition When a solventless adhesive composition is used to form the adhesive layer (IV) constituting the laminate of this embodiment, it is preferable to prepare a solventless adhesive composition by mixing a composition containing a polyisocyanate component and a composition containing a polyol component, which have been prepared in advance, immediately before use.
- the solventless adhesive composition contains the above-mentioned particle component, it is preferable that the particle component is contained in the composition containing the polyol component.
- the composition containing the polyisocyanate component and the composition containing the polyol component are preferably mixed at as low a temperature as possible within a range in which fluidity can be ensured, and specifically, mixing is preferably performed in an environment of 25 to 80°C.
- the viscosity of the solventless adhesive composition immediately after preparation at 60°C is preferably 50 to 5,000 mPa ⁇ s, more preferably 50 to 3,000 mPa ⁇ s. If the viscosity at 60°C is 5,000 mPa ⁇ s or less, coating onto the ink layer (III) and/or the deposition film (V) can be easily performed, good workability can be ensured, and the coating appearance is also improved.
- the viscosity at 60°C is 50 mPa ⁇ s or more, the initial cohesive force is sufficiently high, so that interlayer peeling between adjacent layers can be suppressed, and furthermore, the thickness during coating is uniform, so that no poor appearance occurs and no warping occurs.
- "immediately after preparation” means within one minute after the composition containing the polyisocyanate component and the composition containing the polyol component are mixed and homogenized.
- the viscosity of the above-mentioned solventless adhesive composition is a value measured using a B-type viscometer.
- the dry adhesive composition has a high adhesive strength, when it is used to manufacture the adhesive layer (IV) constituting the laminate of this embodiment, it is easy to prevent delamination between adjacent layers.
- many of the materials that can be used as materials for constituting the dry adhesive composition can prevent cohesive failure, and can easily exhibit desired properties among various properties such as solvent resistance, boiling resistance, and retort properties.
- the dry adhesive composition contains a resin having thermal adhesive properties and a liquid component.
- a liquid component an organic solvent and/or water can be used, but from the viewpoints of reducing the environmental load, considering occupational safety, and suppressing interlayer peeling with the ink layer (III) due to high affinity with the ink layer (III), it is preferable that the composition contains at least water (dry aqueous adhesive composition).
- examples of the resin having the above-mentioned heat-fusible adhesiveness that can be preferably used include vinyl acetate resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate resin, vinyl chloride resin, (meth)acrylic resin, polyamide resin, cellulose resin, olefin resin, etc.
- the above-mentioned resin having the above-mentioned heat-fusible adhesiveness is preferably in the form of resin particles.
- one or more resins selected from the group consisting of vinyl acetate resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate resin, vinyl chloride resin, (meth)acrylic resin, and olefin resin.
- the dry adhesive composition may further contain a crosslinking agent.
- a crosslinking agent examples include polyisocyanate compounds, hydrazine compounds, and the like.
- the dry adhesive composition may further contain additives such as antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, antifungal agents, plasticizers, surface conditioners, and lubricants, as necessary.
- the vapor-deposited film (V) constituting the laminate of this embodiment includes a resin film and a vapor-deposited layer of silica and/or alumina.
- the gas barrier effect of the laminate is enhanced by using a transparent vapor-deposited film in which silica and/or alumina is vapor-deposited on a resin film.
- the vapor-deposited layer and the adhesive layer (IV) are firmly bonded to each other.
- resin films that can be used to form the vapor-deposited film (V) include films of polyolefin resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene; films of polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, and polylactic acid; films of polyamide resins such as nylon 6, nylon 12, and poly-p-xylylene adipamide; polystyrene resin films; polycarbonate resin films; films of acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer (AS) resins; films of vinyl chloride resins; ABS resin films; ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) resin films; and laminates of these films and films made of mixtures of the resins listed above.
- polyolefin resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene
- polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, and polylactic acid
- films of polyamide resins such as nylon 6, nylon 12, and poly-p-xylylene
- a resin film that has been subjected to a coating treatment and has silica and/or alumina vapor-deposited thereon can be used as the vapor-deposited film (V).
- a coating liquid containing fine particles of a metal oxide (e.g., alumina, silica, titania, etc.) and one or more resins selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylic resin, styrene-maleic acid (anhydride) copolymer resin, olefin-maleic acid (anhydride) copolymer resin, urethane resin, polyolefin resin, polyester resin, polyamide resin, and polyol resin can be suitably used for the coating treatment.
- a coating liquid containing these components has a high affinity with silica and/or alumina, and the resin film, and therefore can achieve a further improvement in gas barrier properties without causing cohesive failure inside the vapor-deposited film (V).
- Methods for depositing silica and/or alumina on the resin films listed above include, but are not limited to, vacuum deposition, sputtering, oxidation reaction deposition, plasma chemical vapor deposition, and thermal chemical vapor deposition.
- the thickness of the deposition layer is preferably 50 to 1000 ⁇ . Furthermore, it is preferable to adjust the thickness of the deposition layer from the viewpoint that a laminate having good gas barrier properties can be easily obtained even after being subjected to movements such as stretching and contracting and after long-term storage by suitably preventing cracks caused by bending, etc., using a siloxane-based surface modifier and/or an acetylene diol-based surface modifier bled to the deposition layer.
- the thickness of the deposition layer is more preferably 100 to 600 ⁇ , and particularly preferably 150 to 350 ⁇ .
- the value (C/T1) obtained by dividing the content (mg/m 2 ) of the surface conditioner by the thickness ( ⁇ ) of the vapor deposition layer (T1) is preferably in the range of 1 to 100.
- the value (C/T1) is more preferably 2 to 50, and particularly preferably 3 to 25.
- the value (T2/T1) obtained by dividing the thickness (nm) of the resin film "T2" by the thickness ( ⁇ ) of the vapor-deposited layer "T1" is preferably in the range of 10 to 500.
- the value (T2/T1) is more preferably 16 to 400, even more preferably 20 to 320, and particularly preferably 24 to 240.
- the vapor deposition layer of silica and/or alumina may or may not be in contact with the adhesive layer (IV). From the viewpoint described above, that is, from the viewpoint that the vapor deposition layer and the adhesive layer (IV) are firmly bonded to each other and the occurrence of delamination after long-term storage and the deterioration of print image quality can be prevented, it is preferable that the vapor deposition layer is in contact with the adhesive layer (IV).
- both the resin film used as the non-permeable substrate (I) and the resin film constituting the vapor deposition film (V) are polyolefin resin films (also called polyolefin films).
- Polyolefin resin films are highly flexible, and even if the laminate is strongly folded, the polyolefin resin film follows the folding direction, so that the pretreatment layer (II), the ink layer (III), and the adhesive layer (IV) do not undergo interlayer delamination.
- a stretched polypropylene resin film is used as the polyolefin resin film, mechanical strength can also be imparted to the laminate. Therefore, the inner layers can be easily protected against external forces, and interlayer delamination and cohesive failure can be further prevented.
- the stretched polypropylene resin film may be, for example, a uniaxially oriented polypropylene (OPP) film and a biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film.
- the method for producing the laminate having the above-mentioned impermeable substrate (I), ink layer (III), adhesive layer (IV), and vapor-deposited film (V) in this order includes the following steps 1 to 4.
- the method includes steps 0 and 1' instead of step 1.
- Step 0 Pretreatment layer (II) forming step>
- the laminate includes a pretreatment layer (II)
- the above-mentioned pretreatment liquid containing a flocculant is applied onto the non-permeable substrate (I), followed by drying and/or curing to obtain the pretreatment layer (II) (pretreatment layer (II) formation step).
- the pretreatment liquid is applied so that the content of the flocculant per unit area of the pretreatment layer (II) after drying and/or curing is 0.02 to 1 g/ m2 .
- the term "application of a pretreatment liquid” is used as a general term to refer to non-contact printing of the pretreatment liquid and application of the pretreatment liquid by contacting the substrate.
- drying refers to the act of removing liquid components from a liquid film by means of heating or the like (details will be described later), and “curing” refers to the act of promoting polymerization and/or crosslinking between components in the liquid film by means of heating, active energy ray irradiation, or the like.
- a method for applying the pretreatment liquid onto the non-permeable substrate (I) either a method for printing the non-permeable substrate (I) without contact, such as an inkjet printing method described later, or a method for applying the pretreatment liquid by contacting the non-permeable substrate (I) may be adopted.
- a method for applying the pretreatment liquid by contacting the non-permeable substrate (I) an offset gravure coater, gravure coater, doctor coater, bar coater, blade coater, flexo coater, roll coater, or the like can be suitably used.
- the pretreatment liquid on the non-permeable substrate (I) may be completely dried before proceeding to the next step (step 1 or step 1').
- the next step may be proceeded to before the pretreatment liquid on the non-permeable substrate (I) is completely dried.
- the aqueous inkjet ink By printing the aqueous inkjet ink after the pretreatment liquid is completely dried, cohesive failure in the pretreatment layer (II) can be suppressed. In addition, the aqueous inkjet ink does not dry poorly, and a printed matter having excellent print quality, lamination suitability, and abrasion resistance can be obtained.
- the method of drying the pretreatment liquid is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include conventionally known methods such as heat drying, hot air drying, infrared (e.g., infrared with a wavelength of 700 to 2500 nm), microwave drying, and drum drying.
- the above drying methods may be used alone, or a plurality of them may be used in succession, or may be used simultaneously in combination.
- the ink can be dried more quickly than when each method is used alone.
- it is preferable to use hot air drying since it reduces damage to the non-permeable substrate (I) and allows efficient drying.
- the drying temperature when using heat drying, it is preferable to set the drying temperature to 35 to 100°C. In addition, when using hot air drying, it is preferable to set the hot air temperature to 50 to 150°C.
- the above drying methods may be used alone, or multiple methods may be used in succession, or they may be used simultaneously in combination.
- the ink can be dried more quickly than when each method is used alone.
- a conventionally known method such as heating and irradiation with active energy rays, can be used as a method for initiating and/or promoting the curing reaction. Two or more of these methods may be combined.
- the heating method can be the same as the drying method of the pretreatment liquid described above.
- the source of active energy rays there is no particular limitation on the source of active energy rays.
- ultraviolet lamps such as high-pressure mercury lamps, ultra-high-pressure mercury lamps, metal halide lamps, excimer laser lamps, and xenon lamps; ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs); and ultraviolet laser diodes (UV-LDs) can be used.
- UV-LEDs ultraviolet light-emitting diodes
- UV-LDs ultraviolet laser diodes
- Step 1' Ink layer (III) forming step>
- the aqueous inkjet ink containing the pigment, resin, and siloxane-based surface conditioner and/or acetylene diol-based surface conditioner is printed on a non-permeable substrate (I), and then dried to obtain the ink layer (III) (ink layer (III) forming step).
- the aqueous inkjet ink is printed so that the content of the siloxane-based surface conditioner and/or acetylene diol-based surface conditioner per unit area of the ink layer (III) after drying is 1 to 500 mg/ m2 .
- the laminate includes a pretreatment layer (II)
- the aqueous inkjet ink is printed so that at least a portion of the ink layer overlaps the pretreatment layer (II).
- the ink layer (III) is preferably formed so that the arithmetic mean roughness of the surface (also called the surface roughness "Ra") is 0.1 to 15.0 ⁇ m.
- the surface roughness of the ink layer (III) is more preferably 0.3 to 12.0 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 0.5 to 10.0 ⁇ m.
- the contact surface with the adhesive layer (IV) becomes relatively smooth, and the distortion occurring between the two layers is reduced, thereby making it possible to suppress delamination.
- the surface roughness of the ink layer (III) 0.1 ⁇ m or more the physical adhesion with the adhesive layer (IV) can be increased, which makes it easier to suppress delamination.
- Methods for controlling the surface roughness (Ra) of the ink layer (III) within the above range include the following.
- a method for controlling the wettability of an aqueous inkjet ink by adjusting the content of the siloxane-based surface conditioner and/or acetylene diol-based surface conditioner per unit area of the ink layer (III) within the above-mentioned range A method in which a step of drying the aqueous inkjet ink using hot air drying (described later) is adopted, and the hot air temperature is set to 50 to 90°C (preferably 50 to 80°C).
- the surface roughness (Ra) of the ink layer (III) is defined as the value obtained by measuring the arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) of the surface in an area of 700 ⁇ m x 500 ⁇ m using a laser microscope (for example, Keyence Corporation's "VK-X110").
- the siloxane-based surface conditioner and/or acetylene diol-based surface conditioner as described above together with the surface roughness (Ra), it is possible to more effectively prevent cracks in the deposition layer in the deposition film (V) and obtain a laminate having good gas barrier properties even after bending, twisting, stretching, etc. This is thought to be because the rougher the surface of the ink layer (III), the greater the contact area between the ink layer (III) and the adhesive layer (IV), and therefore the more easily the siloxane-based surface conditioner and/or acetylene diol-based surface conditioner will bleed out.
- the product (A*C) of the surface roughness Ra ( ⁇ m) value "A” and the content (mg/ m2 ) value "C" of the siloxane-based surface conditioner and/or acetylene diol-based surface conditioner is preferably in the range of 15.0 to 7,500 ( ⁇ m ⁇ mg/ m2 ).
- the product is more preferably in the range of 200 to 5,500 ( ⁇ m ⁇ mg/ m2 ), and particularly preferably in the range of 500 to 4,000 ( ⁇ m ⁇ mg/ m2 ).
- Inkjet printing method Droplets of the aqueous inkjet ink ejected from an inkjet head land on the non-permeable substrate (I) or the pretreatment layer (II), thereby performing printing (inkjet printing method).
- the inkjet printing method may be adopted as a method for printing the pretreatment liquid on the non-permeable substrate (I) in step 0.
- the inkjet printing method may be adopted as a method for printing the adhesive composition in step 2, which will be described later.
- the term "aqueous inkjet ink” in the description of the inkjet printing method, which will be described later, should be read as “pretreatment liquid” and "adhesive composition", respectively.
- the inkjet printing method either a single pass method in which the aqueous inkjet ink is ejected only once onto the non-permeable substrate (I) or the pretreatment layer (II) for recording, or a serial method in which ejection and recording are performed while a short shuttle head is scanned back and forth in a direction perpendicular to the transport direction of the non-permeable substrate (I) may be used.
- a serial method it is necessary to adjust the ejection timing taking into account the movement of the inkjet head, and deviations in the landing position are likely to occur. Therefore, when producing the laminate of the present invention, a single pass method, particularly a method in which the non-permeable substrate (I) is passed under a fixed inkjet head, is preferably used.
- the amount of droplets of the aqueous inkjet ink ejected from the inkjet head is preferably 0.2 to 30 picoliters, and more preferably 1 to 20 picoliters. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of reducing the drying load, the printing amount of the aqueous inkjet ink per unit area is preferably 1 to 50 mg/ m2 , and more preferably 1 to 30 mg/ m2 .
- the drying method for the aqueous inkjet ink is the same as that for the pretreatment liquid described above.
- the above drying methods may be used alone, or a plurality of them may be used in succession, or may be used simultaneously.
- the drying temperature is 35 to 100° C.
- the hot air temperature is 50 to 250° C.
- step 2 Adhesive Layer Precursor Forming Step>
- the adhesive composition described above is applied onto the ink layer (III) and/or the deposited film (V), which is a resin film including a deposited layer of silica and/or alumina, to form an adhesive layer precursor (adhesive layer precursor forming step).
- the adhesive composition can be applied by a method of printing in a non-contact manner on the resin film including the ink layer (III) and/or the vapor deposition layer of silica and/or alumina, as in the inkjet printing method described above.
- the adhesive composition can be applied by contacting the resin film including the ink layer (III) and/or the vapor deposition layer of silica and/or alumina. Details of the inkjet printing method and the method of contacting and applying the adhesive composition are the same as those of the aqueous inkjet ink and pretreatment liquid described above.
- the adhesive composition may be applied only to a part of the ink layer (III) and/or the vapor deposition film (V), or may be applied to the entire surface (solid) of the ink layer (III) and/or the vapor deposition film (V).
- the adhesive composition may be applied to the vapor deposition layer of the vapor deposition film (i.e., the ink layer (III) and the vapor deposition layer face each other with the adhesive layer (IV) sandwiched therebetween).
- the adhesive composition may be applied to the surface (resin film) on which the vapor deposition layer is not present (i.e., the ink layer (III) does not face the vapor deposition layer across the adhesive layer (IV)).
- the adhesive composition when applying the adhesive composition to the vapor deposition film (V), it is preferable to apply the adhesive composition to the vapor deposition layer, since this can prevent the occurrence of interlayer peeling and deterioration of print image quality after long-term storage.
- an inkjet printing method as a method for applying the adhesive composition, because the adhesive layer precursor can be formed in-line following step 1 or step 1', and the amount of adhesive composition applied can be changed each time depending on the printed image, etc.
- a method of applying the adhesive composition by contact is preferably used.
- the amount of the adhesive composition applied is preferably 0.5 g/m 2 or more and 10.0 g/m 2 or less, and more preferably 1.0 g/m 2 or more and 7.5 g/m 2 or less.
- Step 3 Deposition film (V) overlapping step>
- Step 4 Adhesive layer (IV) forming step>
- the adhesive composition is applied, the ink layer (III) and the vapor-deposited film (V) are laminated together using a laminator or the like (vapor-deposited film (V) laminating step). Then, by leaving the resulting product to stand (aging) for about one day, the adhesive layer precursor hardens and develops sufficient adhesive strength, forming the laminate of the present embodiment (adhesive layer (IV) forming step).
- the laminate of the present embodiment is used, for example, as a packaging container.
- the type and use of the packaging container are not particularly limited, but it can be suitably used, for example, as a food container, a detergent container, a cosmetic container, a pharmaceutical container, etc.
- the shape of the packaging container is also not limited, and it can be formed into a shape according to the contents, and it is suitably used, for example, as a pouch, etc.
- the impermeable substrate (I) constituting the laminate of this embodiment is a film of a thermoplastic resin or a thermosetting resin and the laminate has the above-mentioned pretreatment layer (II), the laminate and the packaging container manufactured using the laminate are recyclable.
- the above-mentioned recycling method includes a method of separating the impermeable substrate (I) constituting the laminate of this embodiment from the laminate and from a packaging container manufactured using the laminate, and reusing the impermeable substrate (I) after separation, or a method of manufacturing a recycled plastic product using the impermeable substrate (I) after separation.
- a method for separating the non-permeable substrate (I) for example, a method including a step of immersing in a basic solution can be used.
- the laminate or a packaging container manufactured using the laminate
- the basic solution includes at least a basic material and a liquid medium (preferably an aqueous medium).
- the laminate or a packaging container manufactured using the laminate
- an alkali metal hydroxide can be used, and sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide can be preferably used from the viewpoints of basicity (magnitude of pKb value), high solubility in aqueous media, and ease of availability.
- the amount (concentration) of the basic material is preferably 0.2 to 15 mass% of the total amount of the basic solution, more preferably 0.5 to 12 mass%, and particularly preferably 1 to 10 mass%.
- the temperature of the mixture during the immersion step in the basic solution is preferably 20 to 120°C, more preferably 25 to 110°C, even more preferably 28 to 90°C, and particularly preferably 30 to 80°C.
- the time for the immersion step carried out in the above suitable temperature range is preferably 1 minute to 24 hours, more preferably 1 minute to 12 hours, and particularly preferably 1 minute to 6 hours.
- the rotation speed is preferably 80 to 250 rpm, and more preferably 80 to 200 rpm.
- the amount of basic solution used is preferably 100 to 1,000,000 times the mass of the laminate (or the packaging container manufactured using the laminate).
- a separation device capable of circulating the basic solution may be used.
- a polyolefin resin film as the non-permeable substrate (I).
- a polyolefin resin film it is particularly preferable to use an oriented polypropylene resin film (e.g., a uniaxially oriented polypropylene (OPP) film and a biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film).
- OPP uniaxially oriented polypropylene
- BOPP biaxially oriented polypropylene
- the vapor-deposited film (V) contains an alumina vapor-deposited layer.
- the separated non-permeable substrate (I) and the resin film constituting the vapor-deposited film (V) can be used together for the production of recycled plastic products, etc., and from the viewpoint of excellent efficiency in recycling, it is preferable that the non-permeable substrate (I) and the resin film are made of the same type of resin.
- a polyolefin resin film as the resin film constituting the vapor-deposited film (V), and among such polyolefin resin films, it is particularly preferable to use an oriented polypropylene resin film (for example, a uniaxially oriented polypropylene (OPP) film and a biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film).
- ⁇ Pretreatment solution manufacturing example> ⁇ Production of Resin Particles PE1> A reaction vessel equipped with a gas inlet tube, a thermometer, a condenser, and a stirrer was charged with 124 parts of ion-exchanged water and 1.2 parts of polyoxyethylene lauryl ether sodium sulfate (Latemul E-150 manufactured by Kao Corporation) as an emulsifier.
- Table 1 also lists the acid values of PE1 to PE10.
- Preparation of Pretreatment Solution 1 The following materials were charged into a mixing vessel equipped with a stirrer and mixed at room temperature (25° C.) for 1 hour, and then the mixture was heated to 50° C. and mixed for another 1 hour. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature and filtered through a nylon mesh with a pore size of 100 ⁇ m to obtain a pretreatment liquid 1. Details of the following materials will be described later.
- NeoCryl XK-190 11.1 parts Calcium formate 2.5 parts Calcium lactate 2.5 parts 2-propanol 5.0 parts Surfynol 440 1.0 parts Proxel GXL 0.05 parts Ion-exchanged water 77.84 parts
- Pretreatment solutions 2 to 19 were produced in the same manner as pretreatment solution 1, except that the materials listed in Table 2 were used instead.
- Catiomaster PDT-2 dimethylamine-epichlorohydrin condensate quaternary ammonium salt, solids content 60%, manufactured by Yokkaichi Chemical Co., Ltd.
- PAA-HCL-3L Polyallylamine hydrochloride manufactured by Nittobo Medical Co., Ltd., solid content 50% Acetic acid: Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, purity 99.7% (glacial acetic acid)
- XK-190 NeoCryl XK-190 ((meth)acrylic resin particles manufactured by DSM Coating Resins, solid content 45%)
- Surfynol 440 acetylene diol-based surface conditioner manufactured by Nissin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- Proxel GXL dipropylene glycol solution of 1,2-benzisothiazol-3-one (preservative manufactured by Arch Chemicals, solids content 20%)
- Example of water-based inkjet ink production ⁇ Production of Pigment Dispersion Resin 1> A reaction vessel equipped with a gas inlet tube, a thermometer, a condenser, and a stirrer was charged with 95 parts of butanol and substituted with nitrogen gas. After the reaction vessel was heated to 110°C, a mixture of 45 parts of styrene as a polymerizable monomer, 30 parts of acrylic acid, 25 parts of lauryl methacrylate, and 6 parts of V-601 (manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) as a polymerization initiator was added dropwise over 2 hours.
- V-601 manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- the polymerization reaction was continued for 3 hours while maintaining the reaction vessel at 110°C, and then 0.6 parts of V-601 was added and the polymerization reaction was continued for 1 hour at 110°C. Thereafter, the reaction vessel was cooled to room temperature (25°C), and then dimethylaminoethanol was added to completely neutralize the acid groups in the reaction product, and 100 parts of water was added. Thereafter, the mixture containing the reaction product was heated to 100° C.
- pigment dispersion resin 1 a solution containing an aqueous solvent and components dispersed and/or dissolved in the aqueous solvent.
- the acid value of pigment dispersion resin 1 calculated by the above formula 1 was 234 mgKOH/g.
- Cyan Pigment Dispersion A cyan pigment dispersion, a magenta pigment dispersion, and a yellow pigment dispersion were obtained in the same manner as in the above-mentioned Black Pigment Dispersion 1, except that the pigments shown below were used.
- Cyan LIONOL BLUE 7358G (C.I. Pigment Blue 15:3) manufactured by Toyo Color Co., Ltd.
- Magenta A mixture of equal amounts of FASTGEN SUPER MAGENTA RG (C.I. Pigment Red 122) manufactured by DIC Corporation and Toshiki Red 150TR (C.I. Pigment Red 150) manufactured by Tokyo Color Materials Co., Ltd. Yellow: Paliotol Yellow D 1155 (C.I. Pigment Yellow 185) manufactured by BASF Corporation
- ⁇ Production of White Pigment Dispersion 45 parts of titanium oxide (Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha, Ltd., "Tipake CR-60"), 18 parts of the aqueous solution of the pigment dispersion resin 1 (solid content 30%), and 37 parts of water were charged into a mixing vessel equipped with a stirrer and premixed for 1 hour. Thereafter, circulation dispersion was carried out using a Dyno Mill (Shinmaru Enterprises, Ltd., volume 0.6 L) filled with 1800 g of zirconia beads with a diameter of 0.5 mm, to produce a white pigment dispersion.
- Dyno Mill Shinmaru Enterprises, Ltd., volume 0.6 L
- the polymerization reaction was continued for 3 hours while maintaining the reaction vessel at 110 ° C., and then 0.6 parts of V-601 was added, and the polymerization reaction was continued for 1 hour at 110 ° C. After that, the reaction vessel was cooled to room temperature, and then 37.1 parts of dimethylaminoethanol was added, followed by adding 100 parts of water. Thereafter, the mixture containing the reaction product was heated to 100 ° C. or higher, butanol was azeotroped with water to distill off butanol, and further water was added to adjust the solid content to 30%, thereby obtaining an aqueous solution of binder resin 1.
- the acid value of the binder resin 1 was 32 mgKOH/g.
- Black pigment dispersion 33.3 parts Binder resin 1 (solid content 30%) 13.3 parts 1,2-propanediol 20.0 parts Surfynol 440 1.0 parts TEGO WET 280 1.0 parts Proxel GXL 0.05 parts Ion-exchanged water 31.28 parts
- the black pigment dispersion was changed to a cyan pigment dispersion, a magenta pigment dispersion, a yellow pigment dispersion, and a white pigment dispersion, respectively, and inkjet inks C1, M1, Y1, and W1 were obtained using the same materials and methods as those used for inkjet ink K1.
- the five inkjet inks of black, cyan, magenta, yellow, and white obtained thus far were designated as inkjet ink set 1.
- Inkjet ink sets 2 to 10 (each consisting of five colors: black, cyan, magenta, yellow, and white) were obtained in the same manner as inkjet ink set 1, except that the materials shown in Table 3 were used.
- Surfynol 104 Acetylene diol-based surface conditioner manufactured by Nissin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- Surfynol 485 Acetylene diol-based surface conditioner manufactured by Nissin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- TEGOWet 280 Siloxane-based surface conditioner manufactured by Evonik Japan BYK-349: Siloxane-based surface conditioner manufactured by BYK Japan KF-6011: Siloxane-based surface conditioner manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.
- Surflon S243 Fluorine-based surface conditioner manufactured by AGC Seimi Chemical Co., Ltd.
- Polypropylene glycol (number average molecular weight about 400) 300 parts Polypropylene glycol (number average molecular weight about 2,000) 300 parts 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate 400 parts 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate 600 parts
- a mixed solution containing a reaction product of an aromatic isocyanate compound and a polyol (Polyisocyanates K-2 to K-3, K-5 to K-9), and a mixed solution containing a non-aromatic isocyanate compound (Polyisocyanate K-4) which is a reaction product of a non-aromatic isocyanate compound and a polyol and has an isocyanate group at its terminal, were obtained by using a method similar to that for Polyisocyanate K-1, except that the raw materials shown in Table 4 were used.
- PPG-400 Polypropylene glycol (number average molecular weight approximately 400)
- PPG-2000 Polypropylene glycol (number average molecular weight approximately 2,000)
- TL2464 Teslac 2464 (Showa Denko Materials Co., Ltd. polyester polyol, number average molecular weight approximately 1,000)
- HS2F-136P Toyokuni Oil Co., Ltd.
- polyester polyol (number average molecular weight: about 1,000)
- PePOH1 A polyester polyol having an acid group (carboxy group) produced by the materials and method described in Production Example 1 of JP-A-2013-43936 (number average molecular weight: about 520, acid value: 96 mg KOH / g)
- 4,4'-MDI 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate
- 2,4'-MDI 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate
- HDI hexamethylene diisocyanate
- Polyol M-1 A polyol (referred to as Polyol M-1) was produced by the same method as in Synthesis Example 201 described in JP-A-2017-177800.
- solventless Adhesive Compositions 1 to 9 100 parts of the mixed solution containing the polyisocyanate K-1 obtained above and 50 parts of the polyol M-1 obtained above were mixed at 60°C to obtain a solventless adhesive composition 1.
- solventless adhesive compositions 2 to 9 were obtained by using the same method as for the solventless adhesive composition 1, except that the materials shown in Table 5 were used.
- the solventless adhesive compositions 8 and 9 produced using the polyisocyanates K-7 and 8, which are polyester polyols having an acid value had acid values of 11 mgKOH/g and 5.5 mgKOH/g, respectively.
- the aqueous inkjet ink was discharged, and the following three types of images were printed.
- the drop volume of the aqueous inkjet ink from the inkjet head was adjusted to a range of 1.5 pL to 5 pL per drop to obtain a desired layer thickness.
- the printed film was promptly placed in an air oven at 70° C. and dried for 3 minutes to produce a film having an ink layer (III) (and a pretreatment layer (II)).
- Grayscale print an image in which the printing rate is adjusted so that the amount of aqueous inkjet ink on the film immediately after printing is the value shown in Table 6, and the aqueous inkjet inks are arranged and printed so as not to overlap each other.
- Solid print an image in which the printing rate is 100%, and the aqueous inkjet inks are arranged and printed so as not to overlap each other.
- Character print an image in which characters consisting of 4-point, 6-point, and 8-point MS Mincho fonts, which are a mixture of hiragana and kanji, are arranged and printed by color, and so as not to overlap each other.
- the solventless adhesive compositions 1 to 9 or the drying type adhesive composition 10 prepared above were applied to the surface of the ink layer (III) of the film having the ink layer (III) (and the pretreatment layer (II)) prepared above in the amount of application shown in Table 6 under conditions of a temperature of 60°C and a coating speed of 50 m/min to form an adhesive layer precursor.
- the film shown below was superimposed on this adhesive layer precursor, and then aged for 1 day in an environment of 25°C and 80% RH to cure the adhesive composition to form a laminate.
- OPP Biaxially oriented polypropylene film "OPU-1" (thickness 20 ⁇ m) manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals Tocello PE: Futamura Chemical Co., Ltd. polyethylene film “PE3M” (thickness 25 ⁇ m) PET: Futamura polyethylene terephthalate film “FE2001” (thickness 12 ⁇ m) VMCPP: Toray Industries, Inc. aluminum vapor deposition polypropylene film "2203" (thickness 25 ⁇ m) ⁇ Alumina-deposited PP: Alumina-deposited polypropylene film "GL-LP” manufactured by Toppan Printing Co., Ltd.
- ⁇ Alumina-deposited PET Toray alumina-deposited polyester film "Barrierox 1011HG”
- ⁇ Silica-deposited PP Silica-deposited polypropylene film "GL-BP” manufactured by Toppan Printing Co., Ltd.
- ⁇ Silica-deposited PET Mitsubishi Chemical's silica-deposited polyester film "Techbarrier TX”
- Dual vapor deposition PET Toyobo's silica/alumina vapor deposition polyester film "Ecosyar VE100”
- the above VMCPP, OPP, and PP are used as the "deposited film (V).” None of these are deposited films that contain a deposited layer of silica and/or alumina.
- Table 6 also lists the amount of aqueous inkjet ink on the film immediately after printing when producing a grayscale print; the amount of siloxane-based surface modifier and/or acetylene diol-based surface modifier contained in the ink layer (III) immediately after production; the amount of adhesive composition applied per unit area; the content of aromatic isocyanate compound contained in the adhesive layer (IV); the type of film superimposed on the adhesive layer precursor; and the surface of the film in contact with the adhesive layer (IV) when the laminate is formed.
- Examples 1 to 62, Comparative Examples 1 to 6 The laminate produced above was evaluated as follows, and the evaluation results were as shown in Table 6 above.
- ⁇ Evaluation 1 Evaluation of delamination and cohesive failure> 100 mL of 95% ethanol was added to a cylindrical glass container with a diameter of 15 cm, and a laminate prepared using a grayscale printed matter was placed so that the non-permeable substrate (I) side was on the bottom and in contact with the 95% ethanol, and left to stand for 10 days in an environment of 60 ° C. and 80% RH. Thereafter, the part that had been in contact with the 95% ethanol was cut into a size of 100 mm in length and 15 mm in width to form a test piece.
- This test piece was placed in an Instron tensile tester and pulled at a peeling speed of 300 mm / min in an environment of 25 ° C., and the adhesive strength between the non-permeable substrate (I) / vapor deposition film (V) was measured as a T-type peel strength (N).
- T-type peel strength N
- Such a test was performed five times, and the average value was calculated to evaluate interlayer delamination and cohesive failure. Note that the higher the value of the peel strength, the less likely interlayer delamination and cohesive failure to occur.
- the evaluation criteria were as follows, and 3 or more was considered to be in the practical usable range.
- ⁇ Evaluation 2 Evaluation of delamination and cohesive failure after bending>
- the laminate prepared using the grayscale print was bent 10 times back and forth using a Gelbo Flex tester (BE-1005, manufactured by Tester Sangyo Co., Ltd.) under conditions of a stroke of 155 mm, a bending motion of 440°/90 mm, a bending speed of 40 cpm, and an environment of 25°C and 80% RH, and then the T-type peel strength (N) between the non-permeable substrate (I)/vapor-deposited film (V) was measured using the same procedure as in Evaluation 1. This test was performed five times, and the average value was calculated to evaluate the interlayer peeling and cohesive failure after bending.
- the evaluation criteria and the criteria for judging the actual usable area were the same as in Evaluation 1.
- ⁇ Evaluation 3 Evaluation of gas barrier properties (water vapor permeability)> 15 g of anhydrous calcium chloride was added to a cylindrical glass container having a diameter of 15 cm, and a laminate made of a grayscale printed material was placed to cover the mouth of the glass container with the non-permeable substrate (I) facing downward. Next, the periphery of the mouth was completely sealed, and the sealed glass container was left standing for 10 days in an environment of 40°C and 90% RH. The mass of the glass container was measured at the start of the standing and every day from the start of the standing, and the water vapor transmission rate was calculated from the increase in the mass, which was used to evaluate the gas barrier property.
- the evaluation criteria were as follows, with a rating of 3 or more being considered to be in the practical usable range.
- ⁇ Evaluation 5 Evaluation of color unevenness and color bleeding> The degree of color unevenness of the laminate produced using the solid print was visually observed from the non-permeable substrate (I) side to evaluate color unevenness and color bleeding.
- the evaluation criteria were as follows, and a score of 2 or more was considered to be in the practical usable range. Table 6 shows only the result of the worst color among the colors printed.
- Example 40A A laminate (Example 40A) was produced using the same materials and method as in Example 40, except that pressure was applied by a pressure roller to the film having the ink layer (III) after the aqueous inkjet ink had dried and before the application of the solventless adhesive composition 1.
- the laminate was evaluated for delamination and cohesive failure (Evaluation 1) and for delamination and cohesive failure after bending (Evaluation 2) as described above, and both were scored 5 points.
- the arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) of the surface of the film having the ink layer (III) was measured before and after pressure application by the pressure roller using the above-mentioned method, and was 12.6 ⁇ m (corresponding to the ink layer of Example 40) before pressure application and 7.2 ⁇ m (ink layer of Example 40A) after pressure application.
- the product of the surface roughness Ra of the ink layer and the amount of siloxane/acetylene diol surface conditioner (480 mg/ m2 ) is 6,048 for Example 40 and 3,456 for Example 40A.
- the scores for Evaluation 1 and Evaluation 2 of Example 40 are both "4".
- the scores for Example 40A are both "5" as described above.
- Example 63 to 93 The laminates produced in Examples 1, 16 to 37, 50, 54, 56, and 58 to 62 were also evaluated for recyclability (separability of the impermeable substrate (I) from the laminate) by the following method. The evaluation results are shown in Table 7.
- ⁇ Evaluation 7 Recyclability evaluation> The laminate was cut into a 4 cm x 4 cm square, immersed in 50 g of 2% by weight aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, heated to 70°C, and stirred for a predetermined time. The laminate was then removed from the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, washed with water, and dried, and the extent to which the non-permeable substrate (I) had separated was visually confirmed to evaluate recyclability.
- the evaluation criteria were as follows, with a score of 2 or higher being considered to be within the practical usable range. (Evaluation criteria) 4: After stirring for 20 minutes, 80% or more of the non-permeable substrate (I) was separated.
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Abstract
Description
[1]非浸透性基材(I)と、インキ層(III)と、接着剤層(IV)と、蒸着フィルム(V)とを、この順で有する積層体であって、
前記インキ層(III)が、顔料と、樹脂と、シロキサン系表面調整剤及び/またはアセチレンジオール系表面調整剤とを含む水性インクジェットインキが印刷されてなる層であり、
前記インキ層(III)の単位面積あたりの、前記シロキサン系表面調整剤及び/またはアセチレンジオール系表面調整剤の含有量が、1~500mg/m2であり、
前記蒸着フィルム(V)が、樹脂フィルムと、シリカ及び/またはアルミナの蒸着層とを含む、積層体。
[2]前記非浸透性基材(I)と、前記インキ層(III)との間に、更に前処理層(II)を有し、
前記前処理層(II)が、凝集剤を含む前処理液から形成されてなる層であり、
前記前処理層(II)の単位面積あたりの、前記凝集剤の含有量が、0.02~1g/m2である、[1]に記載の積層体。
[3]前記前処理層(II)が、前記凝集剤を除く樹脂(IIR)を更に含み、
前記前処理層(II)の単位面積あたりの、前記樹脂(IIR)の含有量が、0.05~1g/m2である、[2]に記載の積層体。
[4]前記接着剤層(IV)が、ポリイソシアネート化合物とポリオール化合物とを含む無溶剤型接着剤組成物の硬化膜からなる層である、[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の積層体。
[5]前記ポリイソシアネート化合物が、芳香族ポリイソシアネート化合物を含み、
前記接着剤層(IV)の単位面積あたりの、前記芳香族ポリイソシアネート化合物の含有量が、0.05~2.0g/m2である、[4]に記載の積層体。
[6]前記非浸透性基材(I)がポリオレフィンフィルムであり、かつ、前記樹脂フィルムがポリオレフィン樹脂のフィルムである、[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の積層体。
[7]前記シリカ及び/またはアルミナの蒸着層が、前記接着剤層(IV)と接触している、[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載の積層体。
[8]非浸透性基材(I)と、インキ層(III)と、接着剤層(IV)と、蒸着フィルム(V)とを、この順で有する積層体の製造方法であって、下記工程1~4を含む、積層体の製造方法。
工程1:非浸透性基材(I)上に、顔料と、樹脂と、シロキサン系表面調整剤及び/またはアセチレンジオール系表面調整剤とを含む水性インクジェットインキを、乾燥後のインキ層(III)の単位面積あたりにおける、前記シロキサン系表面調整剤及び/またはアセチレンジオール系表面調整剤の含有量が、1~500mg/m2となるように印刷したのち、乾燥して、前記インキ層(III)を得る工程、
工程2:前記インキ層(III)、及び/または、シリカ及び/またはアルミナの蒸着層を含む樹脂フィルムである蒸着フィルム(V)の上に、接着剤層前駆体を形成する工程、
工程3:前記接着剤層前駆体を介して、前記インキ層(III)と前記蒸着フィルム(V)とを重ね合わせる工程、
工程4:前記接着剤層前駆体を硬化して、接着剤層(IV)を形成する工程。
[9]非浸透性基材(I)と、前処理層(II)と、インキ層(III)と、接着剤層(IV)と、蒸着フィルム(V)とを、この順で有する積層体の製造方法であって、下記工程0、1’、2、3、4を含む、積層体の製造方法。
工程0:非浸透性基材(I)上に、凝集剤を含む前処理液を、乾燥及び/または硬化後の前処理層(II)の単位面積あたりにおける、前記凝集剤の含有量が、0.02~1g/m2となるように付与したのち、乾燥及び/または硬化して、前記前処理層(II)を得る工程、
工程1’:非浸透性基材(I)上に、顔料と、樹脂と、シロキサン系表面調整剤及び/またはアセチレンジオール系表面調整剤とを含む水性インクジェットインキを、乾燥後のインキ層(III)の単位面積あたりにおける、前記シロキサン系表面調整剤及び/またはアセチレンジオール系表面調整剤の含有量が、1~500mg/m2となるように、かつ、少なくとも一部が前記前処理層(II)に重なるように印刷したのち、乾燥して、前記インキ層(III)を得る工程、
工程2:前記インキ層(III)、及び/または、シリカ及び/またはアルミナの蒸着層を含む樹脂フィルムである蒸着フィルム(V)の上に、接着剤層前駆体を形成する工程、
工程3:前記接着剤層前駆体を介して、前記インキ層(III)と前記蒸着フィルム(V)とを重ね合わせる工程、
工程4:前記接着剤層前駆体を硬化して、接着剤層(IV)を形成する工程。
本願の開示は、2022年10月17日に出願された特願2022-165966号に記載の主題と関連しており、その全ての開示内容は引用によりここに援用される。
上述した通り、本実施形態の積層体は、非浸透性基材(I)と、インキ層(III)と、接着剤層(IV)と、蒸着フィルム(V)とを、この順で有する。また、上記非浸透性基材(I)と、上記インキ層(III)との間に、前処理層(II)を有していてもよい。なお、以下に例示したような、構成の一部が上述したものになっている積層体であっても、本実施形態の積層体に属するものとする。ただし下記例示において、各々の前処理層は存在してもよいし、存在しなくてもよい。
・非浸透性基材(蒸着フィルムを除く)/第1の前処理層/第1のインキ層/第1の接着剤層/第1の蒸着フィルム/第2の前処理層/第2のインキ層/第2の接着剤層/第2の蒸着フィルム
・第1の非浸透性基材(蒸着フィルムを除く)/第1の前処理層/第1のインキ層/第1の接着剤層/蒸着フィルム/第2の前処理層/第2のインキ層/第2の接着剤層/第2の非浸透性基材(蒸着フィルムを除く)
・第1の非浸透性基材(蒸着フィルムを除く)/第1の前処理層/第1のインキ層/接着剤層/蒸着フィルム/第2の前処理層/第2のインキ層/第2の非浸透性基材(蒸着フィルムを除く)
・第1の蒸着フィルム/第1の前処理層/第1のインキ層/第1の接着剤層/第2の蒸着フィルム/第2の前処理層/第2のインキ層/第2の接着剤層/第3の蒸着フィルム
本実施形態の積層体を構成する非浸透性基材(I)として、例えば、熱可塑性樹脂または熱硬化性樹脂のフィルムが挙げられ、好ましくは熱可塑性樹脂のフィルムである。熱可塑性樹脂として、例えば、ポリオレフィン樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、ポリスチレン樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂、アクリルニトリル樹脂、アクリロニトリル-スチレン共重合(AS)樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂、セルロース樹脂、塩化ビニル樹脂、酢酸ビニル樹脂、ABS樹脂、(メタ)アクリル樹脂、アセタール樹脂、エチレン-ビニルアルコール共重合(EVOH)樹脂、繊維素系樹脂が挙げられる。
これらの中でも、機械的強度及び寸法安定性を有するものが好ましく、例えば、ポリオレフィン樹脂のフィルム、及びポリエステル樹脂のフィルムであってよい。より具体的には、ポリオレフィン樹脂のフィルムの中でも、延伸ポリプロピレン樹脂フィルムが好ましく、例えば、一軸延伸ポリプロピレン(OPP)フィルム及び二軸延伸ポリプロピレン(BOPP)フィルムを好ましく使用できる。また、ポリエステル樹脂のフィルムの中でも、ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム、及び、ポリカーボネートのフィルムを好ましく使用できる。
本実施形態の積層体における、前処理層(II)の役割は、水性インクジェットインキの画像形成を補助し、長期に渡って印刷画質を向上させることである。加えて、前処理層(II)の役割は、非浸透性基材(I)と前処理層(II)との間の密着力、及び、インキ層(III)と前処理層(II)との間の密着力をそれぞれ高め、更に上記非浸透性基材(I)と上記インキ層(III)との接着力を向上させることである。また、前処理層(II)は、水性インクジェットインキによる画像形成後は、接着剤層(IV)と非浸透性基材(I)との接着力向上にも効果を発揮する。
また本明細書において「密着力」とは、ある層と、当該ある層と隣接する層とを接合させる力を表す。従って、密着力が高ければ、上記ある層と、上記隣接する層との間での層間剥離が抑制できる。
上記前処理層(II)は、凝集剤を含む前処理液から形成されてなる層である。一般に、水性インクジェットインキとともに使用される前処理液として、当該水性インクジェットインキを内部に浸透させるインキ受容層を形成するものと、当該水性インクジェットインキ中の成分を凝集及び/または増粘させるインキ凝集層を形成するものとがある。本実施形態の積層体を構成する前処理層(II)は、インキ受容層であっても、インキ凝集層であってもよい。一実施形態において、上記前処理層(II)の膨潤が起こりにくく、インキ層(III)における混色滲み及び色ムラを好適に抑え、優れた印刷画質を有する積層体を得ることができ、また、層厚を上記範囲内に調整しやすく、ラミネート加工時及び経時後に層間剥離を防止することが容易である観点から、インキ凝集層を形成する前処理液を使用して、前処理層(II)を形成することが好ましい。
本実施形態の積層体を構成する前処理層(II)の形成に使用される前処理液では、他の成分との相溶性が高く、層間剥離の抑制に有効である観点から、金属塩として、有機酸の金属塩を選択することが好ましい。なかでも、水への溶解度に優れる点、及び、水性インクジェットインキ中の成分との相互作用の強さの点から、ギ酸及び/または乳酸のカルシウム塩を使用することが特に好ましい。なお上記金属塩は、1種を単独で用いても、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
以上のように、印刷画質、層間剥離防止、及び、リサイクル性の全てに優れた積層体を得るという観点から、上記その他樹脂(IIR)の酸価は、1~60mgKOH/gであることが好ましい。上記酸価は、2~50mgKOH/gであることがより好ましく、3~40mgKOH/gであることが更に好ましく、4~30mgKOH/gであることが特に好ましく、5~25mgKOH/gであることが極めて好ましい。
式1:
(酸価)={(va×na×Wa)÷(100×Ma)}×56.11×1000
次に、本実施形態の積層体を構成するインキ層(III)について説明する。上記インキ層(III)は、水性インクジェットインキ(本明細書では、単に「インキ」ともいう)が印刷されてなる層であり、また当該水性インクジェットインキは、顔料と、樹脂と、シロキサン系表面調整剤及びアセチレンジオール系表面調整剤からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種とを含む。
<顔料>
上記水性インクジェットインキに使用できる顔料は、無機顔料であってもよいし、有機顔料であってもよい。また、無機顔料と有機顔料とを併用することもできる。
このような特性を有する市販品として、具体的には、No.33、40、45、52、900、2200B、2300、MA7、MA8、MCF88(以上、三菱化学社製);RAVEN1080、1255(以上、ビルラカーボン社製);REGAL330R、400R、660R、MOGUL L、ELFTEX415(以上、キャボット社製);NIPex90、150T、160IQ、170IQ、75、PrinteX35、85、95、90(以上、オリオンエンジニアドカーボンズ社製)等があり、いずれも好ましく使用することができる。
本実施形態の積層体を構成するインキ層(III)に含まれる樹脂、すなわち、上記水性インクジェットインキに含まれる樹脂として、上述した顔料の分散状態を、水性インクジェットインキ中で安定的に保持するための顔料分散樹脂が好ましく使用できる。また、インキ層(III)の耐擦過性、ならびに、非浸透性基材(I)及び接着剤層(IV)の間の接着力を向上させるためのバインダー樹脂が好ましく使用できる。その際、互いに構造が異なる2種類の樹脂を、顔料分散樹脂及びバインダー樹脂としてそれぞれ使用してもよいし、1種類の樹脂に、顔料分散樹脂としての機能とバインダー樹脂としての機能との両方を併せ持たせてもよい。
一般に、顔料を水性インクジェットインキ中で安定的に分散保持する方法として、(1)水溶性樹脂を顔料表面に吸着させる方法、(2)水溶性及び/または水分散性の界面活性剤を顔料表面に吸着させる方法、(3)顔料表面に親水性官能基を化学的及び物理的に導入し、樹脂や界面活性剤なしで水性インクジェットインキ中に分散する方法(自己分散顔料)、(4)水不溶性樹脂で顔料を被覆し、必要に応じて更に、別の水溶性顔料分散樹脂または界面活性剤を用いて水性インクジェットインキ中に分散させる方法、等を挙げることができる。
(方法A)
水溶性の顔料分散樹脂と、水と、必要に応じて水溶性有機溶剤とを、混合及び攪拌し、顔料分散樹脂水溶液を作製する。この顔料分散樹脂水溶液に、顔料、及び、必要に応じて、水溶性有機溶剤、表面調整剤、防腐剤等を添加し、混合及び攪拌(プレミキシング)した後、従来既知の分散機を用いて分散処理を行う方法。
なお上記分散処理後に、遠心分離、濾過等を行い、粗大成分を除去してもよい。
(方法B)
メチルエチルケトン等の有機溶媒に水不溶性の顔料分散樹脂を溶解させ、必要に応じて当該顔料分散樹脂を中和した、顔料分散樹脂溶液を作製する。この前記顔料分散樹脂溶液に、顔料と、水と、必要に応じて、水溶性有機溶剤、表面調整剤、防腐剤等とを添加し、混合及び攪拌(プレミキシング)した後、従来既知の分散機を用いて分散処理を行う。その後、減圧蒸留によって上記有機溶媒を留去し、必要に応じて、遠心分離、濾過等を行い、粗大成分を除去する方法。
なお、有機溶媒の留去後に、架橋剤(例えば、ポリエポキシ化合物、ポリカルボジイミド化合物)の添加による架橋処理を施してもよい。また上記架橋処理後に、(再度)粗大成分を除去してもよい。
(方法C)
カルボキシ基を有する水溶性の顔料分散樹脂と、水と、必要に応じて水溶性有機溶剤とを、混合及び攪拌し、顔料分散樹脂水溶液を作製する。この顔料分散樹脂水溶液に、顔料、及び、必要に応じて、水溶性有機溶剤、表面調整剤、防腐剤等を添加し、混合及び攪拌(プレミキシング)した後、従来既知の分散機を用いて分散処理を行う。その後、架橋剤(例えば、ポリエポキシ化合物またはポリカルボジイミド化合物)の添加による架橋処理によって、上記水溶性の顔料分散樹脂を水不溶化させる方法。
なお上記架橋処理後に、遠心分離、濾過等を行い、粗大成分を除去してもよい。
(方法D)
顔料分散樹脂を構成する疎水性単量体の混合物に、顔料を添加し、混合及び攪拌した後、従来既知の分散機を用いて分散処理を行い、顔料が分散した単量体混合物を作製する。次いで、この顔料が分散した単量体混合物と、あらかじめ作製しておいた乳化剤水溶液とを混合し、更に疎水性材料(ハイドロホーブ)を添加することで、上記単量体混合物を水中に分散させる(O/W型ミニエマルジョン)。その後、重合開始剤を添加して上記単量体を重合させる方法。
なお、上記重合の後、遠心分離、濾過等を行い、粗大成分を除去してもよい。
上述したように、一般に樹脂の形態として、水溶性樹脂及び樹脂粒子が知られている。本実施形態の積層体を構成するインキ層(III)の形成のために使用される水性インクジェットインキは、バインダー樹脂を含んでもよい。当該バインダー樹脂として、水溶性樹脂を使用してもよいし、樹脂粒子を使用してもよいし、両者を併用してもよい。また、樹脂粒子の形態として、ハイドロゾル及びエマルジョンがあり、バインダー樹脂として樹脂粒子を使用する場合、どちらを使用してもよい。なお本明細書において、「エマルジョン」とは、乳化剤を樹脂粒子表面に吸着及び/または結合させ、分散媒中に分散させた形態を指す。また、「ハイドロゾル」とは、樹脂中に存在する酸性及び/または塩基性の官能基を中和し、乳化剤を使用することなく分散媒中に分散させた形態を指す。
本実施形態の水性インクジェットインキは、その表面張力を調整することで、非浸透性基材(I)及び前処理層(II)上での濡れ性を確保し、印刷画質を向上させる、という目的で、表面調整剤を使用する。一方で、過剰量の表面調整剤を添加して表面張力が低くなりすぎる、あるいは、特定の種類の表面調整剤を使用すると、インクジェットヘッドのノズル面が水性インクジェットインキで濡れてしまい、吐出安定性が損なわれるだけでなく、インキ層(III)-接着剤層(IV)間、ならびに、接着剤層(IV)-蒸着フィルム(V)間の密着力にも悪影響を及ぼす恐れがある。
本実施形態の積層体の製造に用いられる水性インクジェットインキは、水溶性有機溶剤を含むことが好ましい。水溶性有機溶剤を含む水性インクジェットインキは、非浸透性基材(I)及び前処理層(II)に対する濡れ性に優れるため、鮮明性及び視認性に優れ、ベタ画像等における抜けもない印刷画像が得られるうえ、隣接する層との層間剥離を抑制することも可能となる。更に、顔料分散樹脂が、水溶性有機溶剤を含む水性インクジェットインキ内で均一に存在できるため、インキ層(III)の凝集破壊も抑制できる。加えて、水性インクジェットインキの保存安定性を好適なものとすることができ、結果として、吐出安定性も向上する。なお本明細書における「水溶性有機溶剤」とは、25℃の水に対する溶解度が1質量%以上である有機溶剤を指す。
水性インクジェットインキは、上述した成分の他に、必要に応じて、架橋剤、熱重合開始剤、赤外線吸収剤、紫外線吸収剤、防腐剤、増粘剤等の添加剤を適宜に添加することができる。これらの添加剤の添加量は、水性インクジェットインキの全質量に対して、0.01~10質量%であることが好適である。
本実施形態の積層体を構成する接着剤層(IV)は、インキ層(III)上、及び/または、蒸着フィルム(V)上に、接着剤組成物を付与することで接着剤層前駆体を形成し、次いで、当該接着剤層前駆体を乾燥及び/または硬化することで得られる層である。上記接着剤組成物として、例えば、ポリイソシアネート成分とポリオール成分とを含む無溶剤型接着剤組成物、及び、熱融着性を有する樹脂と液体成分とを含む乾燥型接着剤組成物を用いることができる。
無溶剤型接着剤組成物は、乾燥機を使用する必要がない。また、実質的に溶剤を含まないため、当該溶剤によるインキ層(III)の印刷画質の劣化が生じないという利点も持つ。
上記ポリイソシアネート成分として、芳香族イソシアネート化合物を用いることが好ましい。脂肪族イソシアネート化合物及び脂環族イソシアネート化合物と比べて、芳香族イソシアネート化合物は反応性が高い。その結果として、無溶剤型接着剤組成物を用いて形成される接着剤層(IV)とインキ層(III)との間、ならびに、当該接着剤層(IV)と蒸着フィルム(V)との間での層間剥離を抑制することができる。また、インキ層(III)の製造に使用される水性インクジェットインキが樹脂を含む場合(特に、樹脂が芳香環構造を有する場合)、芳香族イソシアネート化合物を含む無溶剤型接着剤組成物は、上記樹脂との親和力が高く、更に、芳香族イソシアネート化合物中に存在する芳香環構造内のπ電子が、インキ層(III)と分子間相互作用を形成すると考えられる。そのため、上記インキ層(III)と接着剤層(IV)との層間剥離を強固に防止することも可能となる。更に、インキ層(III)に含まれる、シロキサン系表面調整剤及び/またはアセチレンジオール系表面調整剤のブリードを過度に抑制することがなく、蒸着フィルム(V)内に存在する蒸着層のクラックの発生を抑制し、ガスバリア性の悪化を防ぐことが可能となる。
なお上記「芳香族イソシアネート化合物の量」とは、無溶剤型接着剤組成物が芳香族イソシアネート化合物を含む場合は、当該芳香族イソシアネート化合物の質量である。また、当該無溶剤型接着剤組成物が重合体を含む場合は、当該重合体を構成する単量体の全量中に占める、芳香族イソシアネート化合物の量の質量比率と、上記重合体の含有量とを掛け合わせた値である。
次に、無溶剤型接着剤組成物に含まれるポリオール成分について説明する。
後述する塩基性溶液への浸漬工程によって、蒸着フィルム(V)の分離が可能となり、リサイクル性が向上するという観点から、本実施形態の積層体の製造に使用される無溶剤型接着剤組成物は、酸基含有成分を含むことが好適である。当該酸基含有成分として、例えば、ジメチロールプロピオン酸、ジメチロールブタン酸、あるいはこれら化合物のアルキレンオキサイド付加物(なお以上の成分は、上述したポリオール成分を兼ねる);酸基を有するポリエーテルポリオール;酸基を有するポリエステルポリオール;酸基及び水酸基を有する(メタ)アクリル樹脂;水酸基を有する変性スチレン-(無水)マレイン酸共重合樹脂;等が使用できる。
本実施形態の積層体の製造に使用できる無溶剤型接着剤組成物には、更に、平均粒子径が0.1~0.4μmである粒子成分を含有させることができる。上記範囲内の平均粒子径を有する粒子成分を含有した無溶剤型接着剤組成物を使用した場合、積層体のガスバリア性が高くなるとともに、高速で積層体を製造した場合であっても、印刷画質が良く、層間剥離及び凝集破壊が抑制された上記積層体を得ることができる。なお、上述した粒子成分の平均粒子径は、上述した金属無機顔料の平均粒子径と同様の方法によって測定できる。
乾燥型接着剤組成物は接着力が高いため、本実施形態の積層体を構成する接着剤層(IV)の製造に使用する場合、隣接する層との層間剥離の抑制が容易となる。また乾燥型接着剤組成物を構成する材料として使用可能なものが多く、凝集破壊の防止が可能なうえ、耐溶剤性、耐ボイル及びレトルト性といった種々の特性のうち、希望するものを容易に発現させることができる。
本実施形態の積層体を構成する蒸着フィルム(V)は、樹脂フィルムと、シリカ及び/またはアルミナの蒸着層とを含む。上述したように、樹脂フィルムにシリカ及び/またはアルミナを蒸着させた透明蒸着フィルムを用いることで、積層体のガスバリア効果が高まる。また、蒸着層と接着剤層(IV)とが接するように構成された積層体では、当該蒸着層と接着剤層(IV)とが強固に接合する。この接合によって、コロナ処理等の表面改質方法だけでは実現できなかった、長期保管後の層間剥離の発生及び印刷画質の悪化を防ぐことができる。蒸着フィルム(V)を構成する樹脂フィルムとして、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等のポリオレフィン樹脂のフィルム;ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリエチレンナフタレート、ポリカーボネート、ポリ乳酸等のポリエステル樹脂のフィルム;ナイロン6、ナイロン12、ポリ-p-キシリレンアジパミド等のポリアミド樹脂のフィルム;ポリスチレン樹脂のフィルム;ポリカーボネート樹脂のフィルム;アクリロニトリル-スチレン共重合(AS)樹脂のフィルム;塩化ビニル樹脂のフィルム;ABS樹脂のフィルム;エチレン-ビニルアルコール共重合(EVOH)樹脂のフィルム;ならびに、これらのフィルムの積層体及び上記列挙した樹脂の混合体からなるフィルム;が使用できる。
上述した、非浸透性基材(I)と、インキ層(III)と、接着剤層(IV)と、蒸着フィルム(V)とを、この順で有する積層体の製造方法として、以下工程1~4を含む方法が挙げられる。また、積層体が前処理層(II)を含む場合、工程1の代わりに、工程0及び工程1’を含む。
積層体が前処理層(II)を含む場合、工程0として、非浸透性基材(I)上に、上述した、凝集剤を含む前処理液を付与したのち、乾燥及び/または硬化して、前記前処理層(II)を得る(前処理層(II)形成工程)。その際、乾燥及び/または硬化後の前処理層(II)の単位面積あたりにおける、前記凝集剤の含有量が、0.02~1g/m2となるように、前処理液を付与する。
なお本明細書において「前処理液の付与」は、非接触での前処理液の印刷、及び、基材に当接させての前処理液の塗工、を総称する用語として使用される。
また本明細書において「乾燥」とは、加熱等の手段(詳細は後述する)により、液膜から液体成分を除去する所作を指し、「硬化」とは、加熱や活性エネルギー線照射等の手段により、液膜中の成分同士の重合及び/または架橋を進行させる所作を指す。
上記工程0において、非浸透性基材(I)上に前処理液を付与する方法として、後述するインクジェット印刷方法のように、非浸透性基材(I)に対して非接触で印刷する方式と、当該非浸透性基材(I)に対して前処理液を当接させて塗工する方式のどちらを採用してもよい。また、前処理液の付与方法として、前処理液を当接させて塗工する方式を選択する場合、オフセットグラビアコーター、グラビアコーター、ドクターコーター、バーコーター、ブレードコーター、フレキソコーター、ロールコーター等の形式が好適に使用できる。
非浸透性基材(I)に付与した前処理液を乾燥させる際に、当該非浸透性基材(I)上の前処理液を完全に乾燥させたのち、次の工程(工程1または工程1’)に進んでよい。上記非浸透性基材(I)上の前処理液が完全に乾燥する前に、次の工程に進んでもよい。一実施形態において、水性インクジェットインキを印刷する前に前処理液を完全に乾燥させることが好ましい。すなわち、次の工程(工程1または工程1’)の開始段階において、非浸透性基材(I)上の前処理層(II)には液体成分が実質的に残っていない状態とすることが好ましい。前処理液を完全に乾燥した後で水性インクジェットインキを印刷することによって、前処理層(II)内での凝集破壊が抑制できる。加えて、当該水性インクジェットインキが乾燥不良を起こすことなくなり、印刷画質、ラミネート適性、及び、耐擦過性に優れた印刷物が得られる。
一方、非浸透性基材(I)に付与した前処理液を硬化させる際、硬化反応を開始及び/または促進する方法として、従来既知の方法、例えば、加熱、及び、活性エネルギー線照射等が使用できる。なおこれらの方法は2種以上組み合わせもよい。また、上記加熱の方法に関しては、上述した前処理液の乾燥方法と同様の方法が利用できる。一方、活性エネルギー線の発生源に関しても特に制限はない。例えば、高圧水銀ランプ、超高圧水銀ランプ、メタルハライドランプ、エキシマーレーザーランプ、キセノンランプ等の紫外線ランプ;紫外線発光ダイオード(UV-LED);及び、紫外線レーザーダイオード(UV-LD)等が使用できる。これら活性エネルギー線の発生源は、単独で使用してもよいし、複数種を組み合わせて使用してもよい。
工程1及び工程1’として、非浸透性基材(I)上に、上述した、顔料と、樹脂と、シロキサン系表面調整剤及び/またはアセチレンジオール系表面調整剤とを含む水性インクジェットインキを印刷したのち、乾燥して、前記インキ層(III)を得る(インキ層(III)形成工程)。その際、乾燥後のインキ層(III)の単位面積あたりにおける、前記シロキサン系表面調整剤及び/またはアセチレンジオール系表面調整剤の含有量が、1~500mg/m2となるように、水性インクジェットインキを印刷する。また、積層体が前処理層(II)を含む、すなわち、工程1’の場合、少なくとも一部が前記前処理層(II)に重なるように、水性インクジェットインキを印刷する。
インキ層(III)の単位面積あたりにおける、上記シロキサン系表面調整剤及び/またはアセチレンジオール系表面調整剤の含有量を、上述した範囲内に調整し、水性インクジェットインキの濡れ性を制御する方法。
熱風乾燥法を使って水性インクジェットインキを乾燥する工程(後述)を採用し、かつ、熱風温度を50~90℃とする(好ましくは50~80℃とする)方法。
ニップ幅及び圧力を調整した加圧ローラを使用し、水性インクジェットインキ印刷後(好ましくは当該水性インクジェットインキを乾燥させた後)の非浸透性基材(I)に圧力を印加する方法。
この観点から、表面粗さRa(μm)の値“A”と、シロキサン系表面調整剤及び/またはアセチレンジオール系表面調整剤の含有量(mg/m2)の値“C”との積(A*C)の値は、15.0~7,500(μm・mg/m2)の範囲とすることが好ましい。上記積の値は、200~5,500(μm・mg/m2)が更に好ましく、500~4,000(μm・mg/m2)が特に好ましい。
インクジェットヘッドから吐出された上記水性インクジェットインキの液滴が、非浸透性基材(I)または前処理層(II)に着弾することで、印刷が行われる(インクジェット印刷方法)。なお上述したように、工程0において、前処理液を非浸透性基材(I)上に印刷する方法として、インクジェット印刷方法を採用してもよい。また、後述する工程2において、接着剤組成物を印刷する方法として、インクジェット印刷方法を採用してもよい。その場合、後述するインクジェット印刷方法の説明において「水性インクジェットインキ」としての記載を、「前処理液」「接着剤組成物」にそれぞれ読み替えるものとする。
水性インクジェットインキの乾燥方法は、上述した前処理液の場合と同様である。また、上述した乾燥方法を単独で用いてもよいし、複数を続けて使用してもよいし、同時に併用してもよい。水性インクジェットインキの乾燥において、当該水性インクジェットインキ中の液体成分の突沸を防止し、色再現性及び印刷画質に優れた印刷物を得る観点から、加熱乾燥法を採用する場合は、乾燥温度を35~100℃とすることが好ましい。また、熱風乾燥法を採用する場合は、熱風温度を50~250℃とすることが好ましい。また同様の観点から、赤外線乾燥法を採用する場合は、赤外線照射に用いる赤外線の全出力の積算値の50%以上が、700~1500nmの波長領域に存在することが好ましい。
工程2として、上記インキ層(III)、及び/または、シリカ及び/またはアルミナの蒸着層を含む樹脂フィルムである蒸着フィルム(V)の上に、上述した接着剤組成物を付与して、接着剤層前駆体を形成する(接着剤層前駆体形成工程)。
<工程4:接着剤層(IV)形成工程>
接着剤組成物を付与した後、ラミネータ等により、インキ層(III)と蒸着フィルム(V)とを重ね合わせる(蒸着フィルム(V)重ね合わせ工程)。そして、1日程度静置(エージング)することで、接着剤層前駆体が硬化して十分な接着力が発現し、本実施形態の積層体となる(接着剤層(IV)形成工程)。
本実施形態の積層体は、例えば、包装容器として使用される。当該包装容器の種類及び用途は、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、食品容器、洗剤容器、化粧品容器、医薬品容器等に好適に用いることができる。包装容器の形状としても限定されず、内容物に応じた形状に成形することができ、例えばパウチ等に好適に用いられる。
本実施形態の積層体を構成する非浸透性基材(I)が熱可塑性樹脂または熱硬化性樹脂のフィルムであり、かつ、当該積層体が上述した前処理層(II)を有する場合、当該積層体、及び、当該積層体を使用して製造された包装容器は、リサイクルが可能である。
更に、分離した非浸透性基材(I)と、蒸着フィルム(V)を構成する樹脂フィルムとを一括して、再生プラスチック製品の製造等に利用でき、リサイクル時の効率に優れる観点から、上記非浸透性基材(I)と上記樹脂フィルムとが、同一種の樹脂であることが好ましい。この観点から、蒸着フィルム(V)を構成する樹脂フィルムとしてポリオレフィン樹脂のフィルムを使用することが好ましく、当該ポリオレフィン樹脂のフィルムの中でも、延伸ポリプロピレン樹脂フィルム(例えば、一軸延伸ポリプロピレン(OPP)フィルム及び二軸延伸ポリプロピレン(BOPP)フィルム)を使用することが特に好ましい。
<樹脂粒子PE1の製造>
ガス導入管、温度計、コンデンサー、攪拌器を備えた反応容器に、イオン交換水124部と、乳化剤としてポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル硫酸ナトリウム(花王社製ラテムルE-150)1.2部とを仕込んだ。一方、攪拌機を備えた別の混合容器を準備し、アクリル酸0.5部、メチルメタクリレート30.0部、n-ブチルアクリレート15.0部、n-ブチルメタクリレート54.5部、イオン交換水64部、及び、乳化剤としてポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル硫酸ナトリウム(花王社製ラテムルE-150)0.8部を順次加えたのち、攪拌混合して乳化液とした。
表1に記載の材料を使用した以外は、樹脂粒子PE1と同様の方法により、(メタ)アクリル樹脂粒子2~10(PE2~10)を製造した。
下記材料を、攪拌機を備えた混合容器内に投入し、室温(25℃)下で1時間混合したのち、混合物を50℃に加温し、更に1時間混合した。その後、上記混合物を室温まで冷却したのち、孔径100μmのナイロンメッシュにて濾過を行うことで、前処理液1を得た。なお、下記材料の詳細については後述する。
・NeoCryl XK-190 11.1部
・ギ酸カルシウム 2.5部
・乳酸カルシウム 2.5部
・2-プロパノール 5.0部
・サーフィノール440 1.0部
・プロキセルGXL 0.05部
・イオン交換水 77.84部
表2に記載の材料を使用した以外は、前処理液1と同様の方法により、前処理液2~19を製造した。
・カチオマスターPDT-2:四日市合成社製ジメチルアミン・エピクロルヒドリン縮合物第4級アンモニウム塩、固形分60%
・PAA-HCL-3L:ニットーボーメディカル社製ポリアリルアミン塩酸塩、固形分50%
・酢酸:富士フイルム和光純薬社製、純度99.7%(氷酢酸)
・XK-190:NeoCryl XK-190(DSM Coating Resins社製(メタ)アクリル樹脂粒子、固形分45%)
・IPA:イソプロピルアルコール(低表面張力溶剤、1気圧下における沸点=83℃)
・サーフィノール440:日信化学工業社製アセチレンジオール系表面調整剤
・プロキセルGXL:1,2-ベンゾイソチアゾール-3-オンのジプロピレングリコール溶液(アーチケミカルズ社製防腐剤、固形分20%)
<顔料分散樹脂1の製造>
ガス導入管、温度計、コンデンサー、攪拌機を備えた反応容器に、ブタノール95部を仕込み、窒素ガスで置換した。反応容器内を110℃に加熱したのち、重合性単量体としてのスチレン45部、アクリル酸30部、ラウリルメタクリレート25部、ならびに、重合開始剤としてのV-601(富士フイルム和光純薬社製)6部、の混合物を、2時間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、反応容器内を110℃に維持したまま3時間重合反応を継続させた後、更にV-601を0.6部添加し、110℃下で1時間重合反応を続けた。その後、反応容器内を室温(25℃)まで冷却した後、ジメチルアミノエタノールを添加して、反応生成物中の酸基を完全に中和したのち、水を100部添加した。その後、反応生成物を含む混合物を100℃以上に加熱し、ブタノールを水と共沸させブタノールを留去し、更に、水を加えて固形分が30%になるように調整することで、顔料分散樹脂1の水性化溶液(水性溶媒と、当該水性溶媒に分散及び/または溶解した成分とを含む溶液)を得た。なお、上記式1により算出した、顔料分散樹脂1の酸価は234mgKOH/gであった。
カーボンブラック(オリオンエンジニアドカーボンズ社製「PrinteX85」)を15部と、上記顔料分散樹脂1の水性化溶液(固形分30%)を10部と、水を75部とを、攪拌機を備えた混合容器中に投入し、1時間プレミキシングを行った。その後、直径0.5mmのジルコニアビーズ1800gを充填したダイノーミル(シンマルエンタープライゼス社製、容積0.6L)を用いて循環分散を行い、ブラック顔料分散液を製造した。
以下に示した顔料を使用した以外は、上記ブラック顔料分散液1と同様の方法により、シアン顔料分散液、マゼンタ顔料分散液、イエロー顔料分散液を得た。
・シアン:トーヨーカラー社製LIONOL BLUE 7358G(C.I.ピグメントブルー15:3)
・マゼンタ:DIC社製FASTGEN SUPER MAGENTA RG(C.I.ピグメントレッド122)と、東京色材工業社製トーシキレッド150TR(C.I.ピグメントレッド150)とを等量ずつ混合したもの
・イエロー:BASF社製Paliotol Yellow D 1155(C.I.ピグメントイエロー185)
酸化チタン(石原産業社製「タイペークCR-60」)を45部と、上記顔料分散樹脂1の水性化溶液(固形分30%)を18部と、水を37部とを、攪拌機を備えた混合容器中に投入し、1時間プレミキシングを行った。その後、直径0.5mmのジルコニアビーズ1800gを充填したダイノーミル(シンマルエンタープライゼス社製、容積0.6L)を用いて循環分散を行い、ホワイト顔料分散液を製造した。
ガス導入管、温度計、コンデンサー、攪拌機を備えた反応容器に、ブタノール93.4部を仕込み、窒素ガスで置換した。反応容器内を110℃に加熱し、重合性単量体としてのスチレン25部、メタクリル酸5部、メタクリル酸メチル70部、ならびに、重合開始剤としてのV-601(富士フイルム和光純薬社製)6部、の混合物を、2時間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、反応容器内を110℃に維持したまま3時間重合反応を継続させた後、更にV-601を0.6部添加し、110℃下で1時間重合反応を続けた。その後、反応容器内を室温まで冷却した後、ジメチルアミノエタノールを37.1部添加したのち、水を100部添加した。その後、反応生成物を含む混合物を100℃以上に加熱し、ブタノールを水と共沸させてブタノールを留去し、更に、水を加えて固形分が30%になるように調整することで、バインダー樹脂1の水性化溶液を得た。上述した方法で測定した、バインダー樹脂1の重量平均分子量は18,000であった。またバインダー樹脂1の酸価は32mgKOH/gであった。
攪拌機で混合容器内の内容物を攪拌しながら、下記記載の材料を混合容器へ順次投入し、十分に均一になるまで攪拌した。その後、孔径1μmのメンブランフィルターで濾過を行うことで、インクジェットインキK1を得た。
(材料)
ブラック顔料分散液 33.3部
バインダー樹脂1(固形分30%) 13.3部
1,2-プロパンジオール 20.0部
サーフィノール 440 1.0部
TEGO WET 280 1.0部
プロキセルGXL 0.05部
イオン交換水 31.28部
また、上記ブラック顔料分散液を、シアン顔料分散液、マゼンタ顔料分散液、イエロー顔料分散液、及び、ホワイト顔料分散液にそれぞれ変更し、これ以外は、上記インクジェットインキK1と同様の材料及び方法により、それぞれ、インクジェットインキC1、インクジェットインキM1、インクジェットインキY1、インクジェットインキW1を得た。そして、これまでに得られた、ブラック、シアン、マゼンタ、イエロー、ホワイトの5色のインクジェットインキを、インクジェットインキのセット1とした。
表3記載の材料を使用した以外は、インクジェットインキのセット1と同様の方法により、インクジェットインキのセット2~10(それぞれ、ブラック、シアン、マゼンタ、イエロー、ホワイトの5色からなる)を得た。
・サーフィノール104:日信化学工業社製アセチレンジオール系表面調整剤
・サーフィノール485:日信化学工業社製アセチレンジオール系表面調整剤
・TEGOWet280:エボニックジャパン社製シロキサン系表面調整剤
・BYK-349:ビックケミー・ジャパン社製シロキサン系表面調整剤
・KF-6011:信越化学工業社製シロキサン系表面調整剤
・サーフロンS243:AGCセイミケミカル社製フッ素系表面調整剤
<イソシアネートK1の合成>
下記材料を、攪拌機を備えた反応容器内に投入した。次いで、当該反応容器内に窒素ガスを流しながら、また内容物を攪拌しながら70℃~80℃に加温した。そして、反応容器内の温度を70~80℃に維持しながら3時間ウレタン化反応を継続し、芳香族イソシアネート化合物とポリオールとの反応生成物(ポリイソシアネートK-1)を含む混合溶液を得た。
(材料)
ポリプロピレングリコール(数平均分子量約400) 300部
ポリプロピレングリコール(数平均分子量約2,000) 300部
4,4’-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート 400部
2,4’-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート 600部
表4に示した原料を使用した以外は、ポリイソシアネートK-1と同様の方法を用いることで、芳香族イソシアネート化合物とポリオールとの反応生成物(ポリイソシアネートK-2~3、5~9)を含む混合溶液、及び、非芳香族イソシアネート化合物とポリオールとの反応生成物であって、末端にイソシアネート基を有する非芳香族イソシアネート化合物(ポリイソシアネートK-4)を含む混合溶液を得た。
・PPG-400:ポリプロピレングリコール(数平均分子量約400)
・PPG-2000:ポリプロピレングリコール(数平均分子量約2,000)
・TL2464:テスラック2464(昭和電工マテリアルズ社製ポリエステルポリオール、数平均分子量約1,000)
・HS2F-136P:豊国製油社ポリエステルポリオール(数平均分子量約1,000)
・PePOH1:特開2013-43936号公報の製造例1に記載された材料及び方法により製造した、酸基(カルボキシ基)を有するポリエステルポリオール(数平均分子量約520、酸価96mgKOH/g)
・4,4’-MDI:4,4’-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート
・2,4’-MDI:2,4’-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート
・HDI:ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート
特開2017-177800号公報に記載の、合成例201と同様の方法により、ポリオール(ポリオールM-1とする)を製造した。
上記で得られたポリイソシアネートK-1を含む混合溶液を100部と、上記で得られたポリオールM-1を50部とを60℃下で混合し、無溶剤型接着剤組成物1を得た。また、表5に示した材料を使用した以外は、無溶剤型接着剤組成物1と同様の方法を用いることで、無溶剤型接着剤組成物2~9を得た。なお、酸価を有するポリエステルポリオールであるポリイソシアネートK-7、8を使用して製造した無溶剤型接着剤組成物8、9は、酸価を有しており、その酸価は、それぞれ、11mgKOH/g、5.5mgKOH/gであった。
アローベースSB-1230N(ユニチカ社製ポリオレフィン樹脂の樹脂粒子溶液、固形分27%)を800部と、イソプロピルアルコール(IPA)を62部と、水を218部とを混合し、乾燥型接着剤組成物10(固形分20%)を得た。
<前処理液の付与>
オーエスジーシステムプロダクツ社製ノンワイヤーバーコーター250-OSP-02または50-OSP-04を用い、表6に記載の非吸収性基材(I)に、上記で作製した前処理液1~19を、ウェット膜厚2μmまたは4μmとなるように塗工した。次いで、塗工後のフィルムを70℃のエアオーブンに投入して2分間乾燥させることで、前処理層(II)を有するフィルムを作製した。
印刷基材を搬送できるコンベヤの上部にインクジェットヘッドKJ4B-1200(京セラ社製、解像度1200dpi、最大駆動周波数64kHz)を5個設置し、上記で作製したインクジェットインキのセット1~10を、上流側から、K(ブラック)、C(シアン)、M(マゼンタ)、Y(イエロー)、W(ホワイト)の順番となるよう、それぞれ充填した。次いで、非浸透性基材(I)、または、上記で作製した前処理層(II)を有するフィルムを、上記コンベヤ上に設置したのち、当該コンベヤを50m/分で駆動させた。そして、上記非浸透性基材(I)または上記フィルムが、上記インクジェットヘッドの設置部を通過した際に、水性インクジェットインキを吐出し、以下に示した3種類の画像の印刷を行った。なおインクジェットヘッドからの水性インクジェットインキのドロップボリュームは、1滴あたり1.5pL~5pLの範囲とし、所望の層厚となるように調整した。その後、速やかに、印刷後のフィルムを70℃のエアオーブンに投入して3分間乾燥させることで、インキ層(III)(及び前処理層(II))を有するフィルムを作製した。
グレースケール印刷物:印刷直後のフィルム上の水性インクジェットインキの量が、表6に記載した値になるように、印字率を調整し、かつ、それぞれの水性インクジェットインキが互いに重なり合わないように配置及び印刷した画像
ベタ印刷物:印字率100%、かつ、それぞれの水性インクジェットインキが互いに重なり合わないように配置及び印刷した画像
文字印刷物:平仮名と漢字とが混ざった、4ポイント、6ポイント及び8ポイントのMS明朝体からなる文字を、色ごとに、かつ、互いに重なり合わないように配置及び印刷した画像
テストコーターを用い、上記で作製したインキ層(III)(及び前処理層(II))を有するフィルムの、当該インキ層(III)の表面に、上記で作製した無溶剤型接着剤組成物1~9または乾燥型接着剤組成物10を、表6に記載した塗布量になるように、温度60℃、塗工速度50m/分の条件にて塗布し、接着剤層前駆体を形成した。この接着剤層前駆体に、以下に示したフィルムを重ね合わせたのち、25℃、80%RHの環境下にて、1日間エージングすることで、上記接着剤組成物を硬化させ、積層体とした。
・OPP:三井化学東セロ社製2軸延伸ポリプロピレンフィルム「OPU-1」(厚さ20μm)
・PE:フタムラ化学株式会社性ポリエチレンフィルム「PE3M」(厚さ25μm)
・PET:フタムラ社製ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム「FE2001」(厚さ12μm)
・VMCPP:東レ社製アルミ蒸着ポリプロピレンフィルム「2203」(厚さ25μm)
・アルミナ蒸着PP:凸版印刷社製アルミナ蒸着ポリプロピレンフィルム「GL-LP」
・アルミナ蒸着PET:東レ製アルミナ蒸着ポリエステルフィルム「バリアロックス1011HG」
・シリカ蒸着PP:凸版印刷社製シリカ蒸着ポリプロピレンフィルム「GL-BP」
・シリカ蒸着PET:三菱ケミカル社製シリカ蒸着ポリエステルフィルム「テックバリアTX」
・二元蒸着PET:東洋紡社製シリカ/アルミナ蒸着ポリエステルフィルム「エコシアールVE100」
なお、後述する比較例1~3では、「蒸着フィルム(V)」として、上記VMCPP、OPP、及び、PPを使用している。これらは、いずれも、シリカ及び/またはアルミナの蒸着層を含む蒸着フィルムではない。
上記で製造した積層体について、以下に示す評価を行った。またその評価結果は、上記表6に示した通りであった。
直径15cmの円筒形のガラス容器内に95%エタノールを100mL加え、更に、グレースケール印刷物を用いて作製した積層体を、非浸透性基材(I)側が下側かつ上記95%エタノールに接触するように設置し、60℃、80%RHの環境下に10日間静置した。その後、上記95%エタノールと接触していた部分を、長さ100mm、幅15mmの大きさに切り取り、テストピースとした。このテストピースを、インストロン型引張試験機内に設置し、25℃の環境下、かつ、300mm/分の剥離速度で引張ることで、非浸透性基材(I)/蒸着フィルム(V)間の接着力を、T型剥離強度(N)として測定した。このような試験を5回行い、その平均値を求め、層間剥離及び凝集破壊の評価とした。なお、上記剥離強度の値が大きいほど、層間剥離及び凝集破壊が起きにくいことを表す。評価基準は以下の通りとし、3以上を実使用可能領域とした。
(評価基準)
5:接着力1.5N以上
4:接着力1.0N以上、1.5N未満
3:接着力0.6N以上、1.0N未満
2:接着力0.3N以上、0.6N未満
1:接着力0.3N未満
グレースケール印刷物を用いて作製した積層体を、ゲルボフレックス試験機(BE-1005、テスター産業株式会社製)を用いて、ストローク155mm、屈曲動作440°/90mm、屈曲速度40cpmの条件、かつ、25℃、80%RHの環境下にて10往復屈曲させた後、評価1と同様の手順により、非浸透性基材(I)/蒸着フィルム(V)間のT型剥離強度(N)を測定した。この試験を5回行い、その平均値を求めることで、折り曲げ後の層間剥離及び凝集破壊の評価を行った。評価基準及び実使用可能領域の判定基準は、評価1と同様とした。
直径15cmの円筒形のガラス容器内に無水塩化カルシウムを15g加え、更に当該ガラス容器の口部を覆うように、グレースケール印刷物を用いて作製した積層体を、非浸透性基材(I)側が下側を向くように設置した。次いで、上記口部の周縁部を完全に密閉したのち、密閉後のガラス容器を、40℃、90%RHの環境下に10日間静置した。そして、静置開始時、及び、当該静置開始から一日ごとに、上記ガラス容器の質量を測定し、その増加分から、水蒸気透過度を算出し、ガスバリア性の評価に使用した。評価基準は以下の通りとし、3以上を実使用可能領域とした。
(評価基準)
5:水蒸気透過度が2g/m2・day未満
4:水蒸気透過度が2g/m2・day以上、5g/m2・day未満
3:水蒸気透過度が5g/m2・day以上、10g/m2・day未満
2:水蒸気透過度が10g/m2・day以上、30g/m2・day未満
1:水蒸気透過度が30g/m2・day以上
グレースケール印刷物を用いて作製した積層体を、ゲルボフレックス試験機(BE-1005、テスター産業株式会社製)を用いて、ストローク155mm、屈曲動作440°/90mm、屈曲速度40cpmの条件、かつ、25℃、80%RHの環境下にて10往復屈曲させた後、評価3と同様の手順により、折り曲げ後のガスバリア性の評価を行った。評価基準及び実使用可能領域の判定基準は、評価3と同様とした。
ベタ印刷物を用いて作製した積層体の色ムラの程度を、非浸透性基材(I)側から目視で観察することで、色ムラ及び混色滲みの評価を行った。評価基準は以下の通りとし、2以上を実使用可能領域とした。なお表6には、印刷を行った色のうち、最も悪かった色の結果のみを示した。
(評価基準)
4:目視及び光学顕微鏡50倍で観察し、ベタ部の色ムラが見られなかった
3:目視で色ムラが見られないが、光学顕微鏡50倍で観察するとわずかに色ムラが見られた
2:目視でわずかに色ムラが見られた
1:目視で明らかな色ムラが見られた
文字印刷物を用いて作製した積層体を、非浸透性基材(I)側から目視で観察することで、鮮明・視認性の評価を行った。評価基準は以下の通りとし、3以上を実使用可能領域とした。なお表6には、印刷を行った色のうち、最も悪かった色の結果のみを示した。
(評価基準)
5:4ポイント、6ポイント及び8ポイントのいずれの文字も鮮明で、明瞭に判読できた。
4:4ポイントの文字がやや鮮明性に劣るものの十分に判読でき、また6ポイント及び8ポイントの文字は鮮明で、明瞭に判読できた。
3:4ポイントの文字は鮮明性に劣り判読できなかった。また6ポイントの文字はやや鮮明性に劣るものの、十分に判読でき、8ポイントの文字は鮮明で、明瞭に判読できた。
2:4ポイント及び6ポイントの文字は鮮明性に劣り判読できなかった。一方、8ポイントの文字は鮮明性に劣るものの、判読できるレベルであった。
1:4ポイント、6ポイント及び8ポイントの文字を鮮明性に劣り判読できなかった。
また、上述した方法で、加圧ローラによる圧力印加の前後における、インキ層(III)を有するフィルムの表面の算術平均粗さ(Ra)を測定したところ、圧力の印加前が12.6μm(実施例40のインキ層に相当)、印加後が7.2μmであった(実施例40Aのインキ層)。インキ層の表面粗さRaの値と、シロキサン/アセチレンジオール表面調整剤の量(480mg/m2)との積は、実施例40では6,048、実施例40Aでは3,456となる。表6に示したように、実施例40の評価1及び評価2に関する評点は、いずれも「4」である。これに対し、上述のように実施例40Aでは、いずれも評点が「5」である。
このことから、インキ層(III)の表面粗さ(Ra)を調整し、さらに、当該Raの値“A”とシロキサン系表面調整剤及び/またはアセチレンジオール系表面調整剤の含有量の値“C”との積(A*C)を調整することによって、層間剥離を容易に抑制可能となることが確認できた。
上記実施例1、16~37、50、54、56、及び58~62で製造した積層体に関しては、以下の方法により、リサイクル性(積層体からの非浸透性基材(I)の分離性)についても評価を行った。またその評価結果は、表7に示した通りであった。
積層体を4cm×4cm角に切り出したのち、2質量%の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液50gに浸し、70℃に加温したのち所定時間攪拌した。その後、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液から積層体を取り出し、水洗及び乾燥した後、非浸透性基材(I)がどの程度分離したかを目視で確認することで、リサイクル性を評価した。評価基準は下記の通りとし、2以上を実使用上可能領域とした。
(評価基準)
4:20分間攪拌することで、非浸透性基材(I)が80%以上分離した
3:60分間攪拌することで、非浸透性基材(I)が80%以上分離した
2:180分間攪拌することで、非浸透性基材(I)が80%以上分離した
1:180分間攪拌しても、非浸透性基材(I)の分離率は80%未満であった
Claims (9)
- 非浸透性基材(I)と、インキ層(III)と、接着剤層(IV)と、蒸着フィルム(V)とを、この順で有する積層体であって、
前記インキ層(III)が、顔料と、樹脂と、シロキサン系表面調整剤及び/またはアセチレンジオール系表面調整剤とを含む水性インクジェットインキが印刷されてなる層であり、
前記インキ層(III)の単位面積あたりの、前記シロキサン系表面調整剤及び/またはアセチレンジオール系表面調整剤の含有量が、1~500mg/m2であり、
前記蒸着フィルム(V)が、樹脂フィルムと、シリカ及び/またはアルミナの蒸着層とを含む、積層体。 - 前記非浸透性基材(I)と、前記インキ層(III)との間に、更に前処理層(II)を有し、
前記前処理層(II)が、凝集剤を含む前処理液から形成されてなる層であり、
前記前処理層(II)の単位面積あたりの、前記凝集剤の含有量が、0.02~1g/m2である、請求項1に記載の積層体。 - 前記前処理層(II)が、前記凝集剤を除く樹脂(IIR)を更に含み、
前記前処理層(II)の単位面積あたりの、前記樹脂(IIR)の含有量が、0.05~1g/m2である、請求項2に記載の積層体。 - 前記接着剤層(IV)が、ポリイソシアネート化合物とポリオール化合物とを含む無溶剤型接着剤組成物の硬化膜からなる層である、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の積層体。
- 前記ポリイソシアネート化合物が、芳香族ポリイソシアネート化合物を含み、
前記接着剤層(IV)の単位面積あたりの、前記芳香族ポリイソシアネート化合物の含有量が、0.05~2.0g/m2である、請求項4に記載の積層体。 - 前記非浸透性基材(I)がポリオレフィンフィルムであり、かつ、前記樹脂フィルムがポリオレフィン樹脂のフィルムである、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の積層体。
- 前記シリカ及び/またはアルミナの蒸着層が、前記接着剤層(IV)と接触している、請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の積層体。
- 非浸透性基材(I)と、インキ層(III)と、接着剤層(IV)と、蒸着フィルム(V)とを、この順で有する積層体の製造方法であって、下記工程1~4を含む、積層体の製造方法。
工程1:非浸透性基材(I)上に、顔料と、樹脂と、シロキサン系表面調整剤及び/またはアセチレンジオール系表面調整剤とを含む水性インクジェットインキを、乾燥後のインキ層(III)の単位面積あたりにおける、前記シロキサン系表面調整剤及び/またはアセチレンジオール系表面調整剤の含有量が、1~500mg/m2となるように印刷したのち、乾燥して、前記インキ層(III)を得る工程、
工程2:前記インキ層(III)、及び/または、シリカ及び/またはアルミナの蒸着層を含む樹脂フィルムである蒸着フィルム(V)の上に、接着剤層前駆体を形成する工程、
工程3:前記接着剤層前駆体を介して、前記インキ層(III)と前記蒸着フィルム(V)とを重ね合わせる工程、
工程4:前記接着剤層前駆体を硬化して、接着剤層(IV)を形成する工程。 - 非浸透性基材(I)と、前処理層(II)と、インキ層(III)と、接着剤層(IV)と、蒸着フィルム(V)とを、この順で有する積層体の製造方法であって、下記工程0、1’、2、3、4を含む、積層体の製造方法。
工程0:非浸透性基材(I)上に、凝集剤を含む前処理液を、乾燥及び/または硬化後の前処理層(II)の単位面積あたりにおける、前記凝集剤の含有量が、0.02~1g/m2となるように付与したのち、乾燥及び/または硬化して、前記前処理層(II)を得る工程、
工程1’:非浸透性基材(I)上に、顔料と、樹脂と、シロキサン系表面調整剤及び/またはアセチレンジオール系表面調整剤とを含む水性インクジェットインキを、乾燥後のインキ層(III)の単位面積あたりにおける、前記シロキサン系表面調整剤及び/またはアセチレンジオール系表面調整剤の含有量が、1~500mg/m2となるように、かつ、少なくとも一部が前記前処理層(II)に重なるように印刷したのち、乾燥して、前記インキ層(III)を得る工程、
工程2:前記インキ層(III)、及び/または、シリカ及び/またはアルミナの蒸着層を含む樹脂フィルムである蒸着フィルム(V)の上に、接着剤層前駆体を形成する工程、
工程3:前記接着剤層前駆体を介して、前記インキ層(III)と前記蒸着フィルム(V)とを重ね合わせる工程、
工程4:前記接着剤層前駆体を硬化して、接着剤層(IV)を形成する工程。
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