[go: up one dir, main page]

WO2024082152A1 - 编解码方法及装置、编解码器、码流、设备、存储介质 - Google Patents

编解码方法及装置、编解码器、码流、设备、存储介质 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2024082152A1
WO2024082152A1 PCT/CN2022/126027 CN2022126027W WO2024082152A1 WO 2024082152 A1 WO2024082152 A1 WO 2024082152A1 CN 2022126027 W CN2022126027 W CN 2022126027W WO 2024082152 A1 WO2024082152 A1 WO 2024082152A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
attribute
coefficient
component
point cloud
code stream
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2022/126027
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
马闯
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp Ltd
Original Assignee
Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp Ltd filed Critical Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp Ltd
Priority to PCT/CN2022/126027 priority Critical patent/WO2024082152A1/zh
Priority to CN202280099717.9A priority patent/CN119790659A/zh
Priority to TW112138484A priority patent/TW202425637A/zh
Publication of WO2024082152A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024082152A1/zh
Priority to US19/176,406 priority patent/US20250238965A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T9/00—Image coding
    • G06T9/40—Tree coding, e.g. quadtree, octree
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T9/00—Image coding
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T9/00—Image coding
    • G06T9/001—Model-based coding, e.g. wire frame
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
    • H04N19/597—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding specially adapted for multi-view video sequence encoding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/90—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using coding techniques not provided for in groups H04N19/10-H04N19/85, e.g. fractals
    • H04N19/91—Entropy coding, e.g. variable length coding [VLC] or arithmetic coding

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to point cloud compression technology, and are related to but not limited to encoding and decoding methods and devices, codecs, bit streams, devices, and storage media.
  • Point cloud is a set of irregularly distributed discrete points in space that express the spatial structure and surface properties of a three-dimensional object or scene.
  • Point cloud data usually includes geometric information and attribute information of the sampling points; the geometric information includes the three-dimensional position information (x, y, z) of the sampling points, and the attribute information includes the color information and/or one-dimensional reflectivity information of the sampling points.
  • Point clouds can flexibly and conveniently express the spatial structure and surface properties of three-dimensional objects or scenes. Point clouds are obtained by directly sampling real objects, and can provide a strong sense of reality while ensuring accuracy. Therefore, they are widely used, including virtual reality games, computer-aided design, geographic information systems, automatic navigation systems, digital cultural heritage, free viewpoint broadcasting, three-dimensional immersive remote presentation, and three-dimensional reconstruction of biological tissues and organs.
  • point cloud compression has become a key issue in promoting the development of the point cloud industry.
  • the coding and decoding method and apparatus, codec, bit stream, device, and storage medium provided in the embodiments of the present application are intended to improve the coding efficiency and decoding efficiency in the point cloud compression system;
  • the coding and decoding processing method and apparatus, codec, bit stream, device, and storage medium provided in the embodiments of the present application are implemented as follows:
  • a coding method which is applied to an encoder, and the method includes: encoding a first flag bit to a point cloud code stream; wherein the first flag bit is used to indicate whether the attribute coefficients of at least two first attribute components of the current point are both first values; when the attribute coefficients of the at least two first attribute components are both first values, encoding a second attribute coefficient of the second attribute component of the current point to the point cloud code stream; wherein the second attribute coefficient is equal to the first attribute coefficient of the second attribute component minus 1; the second attribute component is different from the at least two first attribute components.
  • a decoding method which is applied to a decoder, and the method includes: decoding a point cloud code stream to obtain a first flag bit; wherein the first flag bit is used to indicate whether the attribute coefficients of at least two first attribute components of the current point are both first values; when the first flag bit indicates that the attribute coefficients of the at least two first attribute components are both first values, determining that the first attribute coefficient of the second attribute component of the current point is equal to the second attribute coefficient of the second attribute component plus 1; wherein the second attribute coefficient of the second attribute component is parsed from the point cloud code stream; the second attribute component is different from the at least two first attribute components.
  • a coding device applied to an encoder, the device comprising: a coding module, configured to encode a first flag bit to a point cloud code stream; wherein the first flag bit is used to indicate whether the attribute coefficients of at least two first attribute components of the current point are both first numerical values; a second determination module, configured to encode a second attribute coefficient of a second attribute component of the current point to a point cloud code stream when the attribute coefficients of the at least two first attribute components are both first numerical values; wherein the second attribute coefficient is equal to the first attribute coefficient of the second attribute component minus 1; and the second attribute component is different from the at least two first attribute components.
  • an encoder comprising a second memory and a second processor; wherein the second memory is used to store a computer program that can be run on the second processor; and the second processor is used to execute the encoding method described in the embodiment of the present application when running the computer program.
  • a point cloud code stream is provided, and the point cloud code stream is generated by the encoding method described in the embodiment of the present application.
  • a decoding device which is applied to a decoder, and the device includes: a decoding module, configured to decode a point cloud code stream to obtain a first flag bit; wherein the first flag bit is used to indicate whether the attribute coefficients of at least two first attribute components of the current point are both first values; a first determination module, configured to determine that the first attribute coefficient of the second attribute component of the current point is equal to the second attribute coefficient of the second attribute component plus 1 when the first flag bit indicates that the attribute coefficients of the at least two first attribute components are both first values; wherein the second attribute coefficient of the second attribute component is parsed from the point cloud code stream; and the second attribute component is different from the at least two first attribute components.
  • a decoder comprising a first memory and a first processor; wherein the first memory is used to store a computer program that can be run on the first processor; and the first processor is used to execute the decoding method described in the embodiment of the present application when running the computer program.
  • an electronic device comprising: a processor, suitable for executing a computer program; a computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the decoding method described in the embodiment of the present application is implemented, or when the computer program is executed by the processor, the encoding method described in the embodiment of the present application is implemented.
  • a computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed, it implements the decoding method described in the embodiments of the present application, or implements the encoding method described in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the first flag is encoded to the point cloud code stream, and the first flag indicates whether the attribute coefficients of at least two first attribute components (rather than one attribute component) of the current point are all first values; when the attribute coefficients of the at least two first attribute components are all first values, the second attribute coefficient of the second attribute component of the current point is encoded to the point cloud code stream; in this way, compared with directly encoding the attribute coefficients of each attribute component of the current point separately, the attribute coefficients of at least two attribute components are encoded by encoding the first flag, which can reduce the amount of encoded information, thereby improving the encoding efficiency and saving the code stream overhead; accordingly, the decoding efficiency of the decoding end is also improved.
  • FIG1 is a partial enlarged view of a certain three-dimensional point cloud image
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the encoder in the MPEG G-PCC attribute codec framework provided in an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a decoder in the MPEG G-PCC attribute codec framework provided in an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an AVS encoder provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an AVS decoder provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG6 is a schematic diagram of an implementation flow of an encoding method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG7 is a schematic diagram of an implementation flow of another encoding method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG8 is a schematic diagram of an implementation flow of another encoding method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG9 is a schematic diagram of an implementation flow of a decoding method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG10 is a schematic diagram of an implementation flow of another decoding method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG11 is a schematic diagram of an implementation flow of another decoding method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG12 is a schematic diagram of an implementation flow of yet another encoding method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG13 is a schematic diagram of an implementation flow of yet another decoding method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG14 is a schematic diagram of an implementation flow of another encoding method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG15 is a schematic diagram of an implementation flow of another decoding method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG16 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an encoding device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG17 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a decoding device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG18 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a decoder provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG19 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the encoder provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • first ⁇ second ⁇ third involved in the embodiments of the present application are intended to distinguish similar or different objects, and do not represent a specific ordering of the objects. It can be understood that “first ⁇ second ⁇ third” can be interchanged in a specific order or sequence where permitted, so that the embodiments of the present application described here can be implemented in an order other than that illustrated or described here.
  • a point cloud is a set of irregularly distributed discrete points in space that express the spatial structure and surface properties of a three-dimensional object or scene.
  • Figure 1 shows a partial enlarged view of a three-dimensional point cloud image. It can be seen that the point cloud surface is composed of densely distributed points.
  • Two-dimensional images have information expressed at each pixel point, and the distribution is regular, so there is no need to record its position information additionally; however, the distribution of points in a point cloud in three-dimensional space is random and irregular, so it is necessary to record the position of each point in space in order to fully express a point cloud.
  • each position in the acquisition process has corresponding attribute information, usually RGB color values, and the color value reflects the color of the object.
  • attribute information usually RGB color values
  • the color value reflects the color of the object.
  • point clouds in addition to color, the more common attribute information corresponding to each point is reflectance, which reflects the surface material of the object. Therefore, point clouds usually include geometric information (x, y, z) composed of three-dimensional position information, as well as attribute information such as three-dimensional color information (r, g, b) and one-dimensional reflectance information (r).
  • Point clouds are collected mainly through the following methods: computer generation, 3D laser scanning, and 3D photogrammetry.
  • Computers can generate point clouds of virtual three-dimensional objects and scenes; 3D laser scanning can obtain point clouds of static real-world three-dimensional objects or scenes, and can obtain millions of point clouds per second; 3D photogrammetry can obtain point clouds of dynamic real-world three-dimensional objects or scenes, and can obtain tens of millions of point clouds per second.
  • 3D laser scanning can obtain point clouds of static real-world three-dimensional objects or scenes, and can obtain millions of point clouds per second;
  • 3D photogrammetry can obtain point clouds of dynamic real-world three-dimensional objects or scenes, and can obtain tens of millions of point clouds per second.
  • a point cloud video with a frame rate of 30fps frames per second
  • the number of points in each point cloud frame is 700,000
  • each point has float type coordinate information (x, y, z) and uchar type color information (r, g, b).
  • the YUV sampling format is 4:2:0
  • the frame rate is 24fps.
  • the geometric information of the point cloud and the attribute information corresponding to each point are encoded separately.
  • the reference software attribute coding framework of G-PCC can be divided into Pred branch-based, PredLift branch-based and/or RAHT branch-based.
  • FIG2 shows the structure of the encoder in the MPEG G-PCC attribute codec framework.
  • the geometric information is transformed so that all point clouds are contained in a bounding box, and then quantized.
  • This step of quantization mainly plays a role in scaling. Due to the quantization rounding, the geometric information of a part of the point cloud is the same, so whether to remove duplicate points is determined based on parameters.
  • the process of quantization and removal of duplicate points is also called voxelization.
  • the Bounding Box is divided into octrees or a prediction tree is constructed.
  • arithmetic coding is performed on the points in the divided leaf nodes to generate a binary geometric bit stream; or, arithmetic coding is performed on the intersection points (Vertex) generated by the division (surface fitting is performed based on the intersection points) to generate a binary geometric bit stream.
  • attribute coding after the geometric coding is completed and the geometric information is reconstructed, color conversion is required to convert the color information (i.e., attribute information) from the RGB color space to the YUV color space. Then, the point cloud is recolored using the reconstructed geometric information so that the uncoded attribute information corresponds to the reconstructed geometric information. Attribute encoding is mainly performed on color information.
  • FIG3 shows the structure of the decoder in the MPEG G-PCC attribute codec framework.
  • the geometry bit stream and the attribute bit stream in the binary bit stream are first decoded independently.
  • the geometry information of the point cloud is obtained through arithmetic decoding-reconstruction of the octree/reconstruction of the prediction tree-reconstruction of the geometry-coordinate inverse conversion;
  • the attribute information of the point cloud is obtained through arithmetic decoding-inverse quantization-LOD partitioning/RAHT-color inverse conversion, and the point cloud data to be encoded (i.e., the output point cloud) is restored based on the geometry information and attribute information.
  • the attribute bit stream and geometry bit stream shown in FIG2 and FIG3 can be understood as point cloud code streams.
  • the geometric coding and decoding of MPEG G-PCC can be divided into octree-based geometric coding and decoding (marked with a dotted box) and prediction tree-based geometric coding and decoding (marked with a dotted box).
  • Condition 1 lossless geometry and lossy attributes
  • Condition 2 lossy geometry and lossy attributes
  • Condition 3 lossless geometry and lossless attributes
  • Condition 4 lossless geometry and limited loss of attributes
  • the general test sequences include four categories: Cat1A, Cat1B, Cat3-fused and Cat3-frame; among them, Cat2-frame point cloud only contains reflectance attribute information, Cat1A and Cat1B point clouds only contain color attribute information, and Cat3-fused point cloud contains both color and reflectance attribute information.
  • Pred branch (for conditions 3 and 4): At the encoding end, the attribute residual coefficient is obtained by using the Pred prediction method, and the attribute residual coefficient is entropy encoded; at the decoding end, the attribute residual coefficient is obtained by entropy decoding, and the original value is restored by using the Pred prediction method.
  • Predlift branch (for conditions 1 and 2): At the encoding end, the Predlift method is used to obtain the attribute transformation coefficients, and the attribute transformation coefficients are entropy encoded; at the decoding end, entropy decoding is performed to obtain the attribute transformation coefficients, and the Predlift transformation method is used to restore the original values.
  • RAHT branch (for conditions 1 and 2): At the encoding end, the RAHT method is used to obtain the attribute transformation coefficient, and the attribute transformation coefficient is entropy encoded; at the decoding end, the attribute transformation coefficient is obtained by entropy decoding, and the original value is restored using the RAHT method.
  • attribute entropy coding and decoding are performed.
  • value0 represents the residual coefficient of Y or R
  • value1 represents the residual coefficient of U or G
  • value2 represents the residual coefficient of V or B.
  • PredLift Let the three components of the color attribute be value0, value1 and value2 that have been predicted, transformed and quantized respectively; where value0 represents the transformation coefficient of Y or R, value1 represents the transformation coefficient of U or G, and value2 represents the transformation coefficient of V or B.
  • value0, value1 and value2 are the transform coefficients generated after RAHT transform and quantization.
  • the encoding method is as follows:
  • run length is used for encoding, that is, run length is encoded.
  • value0, value1 and value2 are not 0 at the same time, the encoding of value0, value1 and value2 is realized by the following encoding method:
  • b0 represents whether the absolute value of value1 is equal to 0
  • b1 represents whether the absolute value of value1 is less than or equal to 1
  • b2 represents whether the absolute value of value2 is equal to 0
  • b3 represents whether the absolute value of value2 is less than or equal to 1.
  • the attribute encoder of G-PCC is used to encode the absolute value of value1 using a fixed context; it can also be understood that the attribute encoder of G-PCC encodes the absolute value of value1 using a fixed context;
  • the attribute encoder of G-PCC uses b0 and b1 to adaptively select contexts for encoding the absolute value of value2; it can also be understood that the attribute encoder of G-PCC uses b0 and b1 to adaptively select contexts for encoding the absolute value of value2.
  • the attribute encoder of G-PCC uses b0, b1, b2 and b3 to adaptively select contexts to encode the absolute value of value0 minus one; it can also be understood that the attribute encoder of G-PCC uses b0, b1, b2 and b3 to adaptively select contexts to encode the absolute value of value0 minus one;
  • the attribute encoder of G-PCC uses b0, b1, b2 and b3 to adaptively select the context for encoding the absolute value of value0; it can also be understood that the attribute encoder of G-PCC uses b0, b1, b2 and b3 to adaptively select the context for encoding the absolute value of value0.
  • the decoding method is as follows:
  • value0, value1, and value2 are decoded as follows:
  • the attribute decoder of G-PCC is used to decode the absolute value of value1 using a fixed context; it can also be understood that the attribute decoder of G-PCC decodes the absolute value of value1 using a fixed context;
  • the attribute decoder of G-PCC uses b0 and b1 to adaptively select the context for decoding the absolute value of value2; it can also be understood that the attribute decoder of G-PCC uses b0 and b1 to adaptively select the context for decoding the absolute value of value2;
  • the attribute decoder of G-PCC uses b0, b1, b2 and b3 to adaptively select the context of the absolute value of value0 for decoding; It can be understood that the attribute decoder of G-PCC uses b0, b1, b2 and b3 to adaptively select the context of value0 for decoding;
  • the geometric information of the point cloud and the attribute information corresponding to each point are encoded separately.
  • the reference software attribute encoding framework of AVS PCC can be divided into Pred-based, Predtrans-resource-constrained, Predtrans-resource-unrestricted, and Trans-based.
  • Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of an AVS encoder
  • Figure 5 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of an AVS decoder.
  • the geometric information is first transformed into coordinates so that all point clouds are contained in a Bounding Box.
  • the parameter configuration is used to determine whether to divide the entire point cloud sequence into multiple slices, and each divided slice is treated as a single independent point cloud for serial processing.
  • the preprocessing process includes quantization and removal of duplicate points. Quantization mainly plays a role in scaling. Due to quantization rounding, the geometric information of some points is the same, and whether to remove duplicate points is determined based on the parameters.
  • the Bounding Box is divided in the order of breadth-first traversal (octree/quadtree/binary tree), and the placeholder code of each node is encoded.
  • the bounding box is divided into sub-cubes in sequence, and the non-empty (containing points in the point cloud) sub-cubes are divided until the leaf nodes obtained by division are 1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1 unit cubes. Then, the division is stopped when the leaf nodes are 1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1 unit cubes. Then, in the case of lossless geometric coding, the number of points contained in the leaf nodes is encoded, and finally the coding of the geometric octree is completed to generate a binary geometric bit stream (i.e., geometric code stream).
  • the geometric code stream and attribute code stream shown in Figure 4 can be understood as a point cloud code stream.
  • the decoding end obtains the placeholder code of each node by continuous parsing in the order of breadth-first traversal, and continuously divides the nodes in turn until a 1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1 unit cube is obtained, and then the number of points contained in each leaf node is obtained by parsing, and finally the geometric information is restored.
  • Attribute coding is mainly performed on color information and/or reflectivity information. First, determine whether to perform color space conversion. If color space conversion is performed, the color information is converted from RGB color space to YUV color space. Then, the reconstructed point cloud is recolored using the original point cloud so that the uncoded attribute information corresponds to the reconstructed geometric information.
  • color information coding it is divided into two modules: attribute prediction and attribute transformation.
  • the attribute prediction process is as follows: first, the point cloud is reordered, and then differential prediction is performed. There are two reordering methods: Morton reordering and Hilbert reordering.
  • the attribute prediction of the sorted point cloud is performed using a differential method, and finally the prediction residual is quantized and entropy encoded to generate a binary attribute bit stream.
  • the attribute transformation process is as follows: first, wavelet transform is performed on the point cloud attributes and the transform coefficients are quantized; secondly, the attribute reconstruction value is obtained through inverse quantization and inverse wavelet transform; then the difference between the original attribute and the attribute reconstruction value is calculated to obtain the attribute residual and quantize it; finally, the quantized transform coefficients and attribute residual are entropy encoded to generate a binary attribute bit stream (i.e., attribute code stream).
  • the decoding end performs entropy decoding-inverse quantization-attribute prediction compensation/attribute inverse transform-inverse spatial transform on the attribute bit stream, and finally recovers the attribute information.
  • Condition 1 limited loss in geometry and loss in attributes
  • Condition 2 lossless geometry and lossy attributes
  • Condition 3 lossless geometry and limited loss in attributes
  • Condition 4 lossless geometry and lossless attributes.
  • the general test sequence includes five categories: Cat1A, Cat1B, Cat1C, Cat2-frame and Cat3; among them, Cat1A and Cat2-frame point clouds only contain reflectance attribute information, Cat1B and Cat3 point clouds only contain color attribute information, and Cat1B point cloud contains both color and reflectance attribute information.
  • the points in the point cloud are processed in a certain order (the original acquisition order of the point cloud, the Morton order or the Hilbert order, etc.), and the prediction algorithm is first used to obtain the attribute prediction value, and the attribute residual is obtained according to the attribute value and the attribute prediction value. Then, the attribute residual is quantized to generate a quantized residual, and finally the quantized residual is encoded;
  • the points in the point cloud are processed in a certain order (the original acquisition order of the point cloud, the Morton order or the Hilbert order, etc.).
  • the prediction algorithm is first used to obtain the attribute prediction value, and then the decoding is performed to obtain the quantized residual, and then the quantized residual is dequantized. Finally, the attribute reconstruction value is obtained based on the attribute prediction value and the dequantized residual.
  • the points in the point cloud are processed in a certain order (the original acquisition order of the point cloud, the Morton order or the Hilbert order, etc.), and the entire point cloud is first divided into several small groups with a maximum length of N (such as 2), and then these several small groups are combined into several large groups (the number of points in each large group does not exceed M, such as 4096), and then the prediction algorithm is used to obtain the attribute prediction value, and the attribute residual is obtained according to the attribute value and the attribute prediction value.
  • the attribute residual is subjected to DCT transformation in units of small groups to generate transformation coefficients, and then the transformation coefficients are quantized to generate quantized transformation coefficients, and finally the quantized transformation coefficients are encoded in units of large groups;
  • the points in the point cloud are processed in a certain order (the original acquisition order of the point cloud, the Morton order or the Hilbert order, etc.).
  • the entire point cloud is divided into several small groups with a maximum length of N (such as 2), and then these small groups are combined into several large groups (the number of points in each large group does not exceed M, such as 4096).
  • the quantized transform coefficients are decoded in large groups, and then the prediction algorithm is used to obtain the attribute prediction value.
  • the quantized transform coefficients are dequantized and inversely transformed in small groups.
  • the attribute reconstruction value is obtained based on the attribute prediction value and the dequantized and inversely transformed coefficients.
  • the points in the point cloud are processed in a certain order (the original acquisition order of the point cloud, the Morton order or the Hilbert order, etc.), and the entire point cloud is first divided into several small groups with a maximum length of N (such as 2). Then, the prediction algorithm is used to obtain the attribute prediction value, and the attribute residual is obtained according to the attribute value and the attribute prediction value.
  • the attribute residual is subjected to DCT transformation in units of small groups to generate transformation coefficients, and then the transformation coefficients are quantized to generate quantized transformation coefficients. Finally, the quantized transformation coefficients of the entire point cloud are encoded;
  • the points in the point cloud are processed in a certain order (the original acquisition order of the point cloud, the Morton order or the Hilbert order, etc.).
  • the entire point cloud is divided into several small groups with a maximum length of N (such as 2), and the quantized transformation coefficients of the entire point cloud are obtained by decoding.
  • the prediction algorithm is used to obtain the attribute prediction value, and then the quantized transformation coefficients are dequantized and inversely transformed in groups.
  • the attribute reconstruction value is obtained based on the attribute prediction value and the dequantized and inversely transformed coefficients.
  • the entire point cloud is subjected to multi-layer wavelet transform to generate transform coefficients, which are then quantized to generate quantized transform coefficients, and finally the quantized transform coefficients of the entire point cloud are encoded;
  • decoding obtains the quantized transform coefficients of the entire point cloud, and then dequantizes and inversely transforms the quantized transform coefficients to obtain attribute reconstruction values.
  • attribute residual coefficients (attribute residual coefficients generated by Pred encoding) or attribute transform coefficients (Predtrans-resource limited, Predtrans-resource unlimited, Trans) generated by the above technical route.
  • attribute transform coefficients Predtrans-resource limited, Predtrans-resource unlimited, Trans
  • value0 represents the residual coefficient of Y or R
  • value1 represents the residual coefficient of U or G
  • value2 represents the residual coefficient of V or B.
  • value0, value1 and value2 are DC coefficients and AC coefficients after transformation and quantization, also called transformation coefficients.
  • value0, value1 and value2 are transform coefficients after multi-layer transform quantization.
  • the AVS PCC encoding and decoding scheme is described as follows:
  • the encoding method is described as follows:
  • value1 is equal to 0 but value0 is not equal to 0, use the fixed context to encode the absolute value of value0 minus 1 and encode its sign, and continue to use the fixed context to encode value2 and its sign;
  • value1 is not equal to 0, use the fixed context to encode the absolute value of value1 minus 1 and encode its sign, continue to use the fixed context to encode value0 and encode its sign; continue to use the fixed context to encode value2 and encode its sign.
  • the decoding method is described as follows:
  • value1 is equal to 0 but value0 is not equal to 0, use the fixed context to decode the absolute value of value0 and decode its sign, and continue to use the fixed context to decode value2 and decode its sign; wherein the final value of the absolute value of value0 is equal to the absolute value of value0 decoded value plus 1;
  • value0, value1 and value2 are encoded one by one.
  • joint encoding is considered, that is, a flag bit can be used to encode value1 and value2 at the same time.
  • the encoded value is used to adaptively select the context for encoding, thereby saving code words.
  • the decoding end also has a similar principle.
  • an embodiment of the present application first provides a coding method, which can be applied to the arithmetic coding of the attribute coding part in the encoder shown in Figure 2, and can also be applied to the entropy coding of the attribute coding part in the encoder shown in Figure 4.
  • a coding method which can be applied to the arithmetic coding of the attribute coding part in the encoder shown in Figure 2, and can also be applied to the entropy coding of the attribute coding part in the encoder shown in Figure 4.
  • the framework of the encoder, decoder and business scenarios described in the embodiments of the present application are for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application. It is known to those of ordinary skill in the art that with the evolution of encoders and decoders and the emergence of new business scenarios, the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application are equally applicable to similar technical problems.
  • FIG6 is a schematic diagram of an implementation flow of an encoding method provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG6 , the method includes the following steps 601 and 602:
  • Step 601 the encoder encodes a first flag bit into a point cloud code stream; wherein the first flag bit is used to indicate whether the attribute coefficients (attribute coefficent) of at least two first attribute components of the current point are both first values.
  • the number of bits of the first flag bit is not limited, and it can be one bit or multiple bits.
  • the first flag bit is equal to 0, indicating that the attribute coefficients of at least two first attribute components of the current point are all the first value; the first flag bit is equal to 1, indicating that at least one of the attribute coefficients of at least two first attribute components of the current point is not the first value; or, the first flag bit is equal to 1, indicating that the attribute coefficients of at least two first attribute components of the current point are all the first value; the first flag bit is equal to 0, indicating that at least one of the attribute coefficients of at least two first attribute components of the current point is not the first value.
  • Step 602 When the attribute coefficients of the at least two first attribute components are both first values, the encoder encodes the second attribute coefficient of the second attribute component of the current point to a point cloud code stream; wherein the second attribute coefficient is equal to the first attribute coefficient of the second attribute component minus 1; and the second attribute component is different from the at least two first attribute components.
  • the first value is not limited. In some embodiments, the first value is equal to 0.
  • the encoder encodes a first flag bit to a point cloud code stream, and the first flag bit indicates whether the attribute coefficients of at least two first attribute components (rather than one attribute component) of the current point are all first values; when the attribute coefficients of the at least two first attribute components are all first values, the second attribute coefficient of the second attribute component of the current point is encoded to the point cloud code stream; in this way, compared with directly encoding the attribute coefficients of each attribute component of the current point separately, encoding the attribute coefficients of at least two attribute components by encoding the first flag bit can reduce the amount of encoded information, thereby improving the encoding efficiency and saving the code stream overhead; accordingly, the decoding efficiency of the decoding end is also improved.
  • the first attribute coefficient represents the attribute residual coefficient
  • PredLift and for RAHT the first attribute coefficient represents the attribute transformation coefficient
  • PredLift the attribute residual coefficient
  • PredTrans-resource-constrained the coefficient output by the previous step such as entropy coding or arithmetic coding.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an implementation flow of another encoding method provided by the embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 7 , the method includes the following steps 700 to 710:
  • Step 700 The encoder encodes the first parameter into a point cloud code stream.
  • the first parameter is used to represent the number of consecutive points where each attribute coefficient is the first value.
  • the first parameter can be understood as runlength. It can be understood that runlength represents that the attribute coefficients of consecutive runlength groups (each n is a group, such as n is equal to 3) are all 0 at the same time or that the attribute coefficients of n consecutive runlength points (such as n is equal to 3) are all 0 at the same time. In other words, the first parameter represents the number of consecutive sampling points or consecutive sampling point groups where each attribute coefficient is 0.
  • Runlength 0 means that the attribute coefficients of each attribute component of the current group are not all 0 at the same time or the attribute coefficients of each attribute component of the current point are not all 0 at the same time.
  • the encoder encodes runlength, and when runlength is equal to 0, it enters the following encoding scheme to save codewords.
  • the first parameter is used to represent the number of consecutive groups in which each attribute coefficient is the first value.
  • runlength represents m1 points performing DCT transform to output k1 transform coefficients (where each n (such as n equals 3) is a group), and runlength is not 0, which means that the transform coefficients of consecutive runlength groups are all 0.
  • a runlength of 0 means that the n (such as n equals 3) transform coefficients of the current group are not all 0.
  • runlength represents m2 points performing RAHT transform to output k2 transform coefficients (where each n (such as n equals 3) is a group), and runlength is not 0, which means that the transform coefficients of consecutive runlength groups are all 0.
  • a runlength of 0 means that the n (such as n equals 3) transform coefficients of the current group are not all 0.
  • Step 701 when the number of points where each attribute component is the first value is equal to the first value, the encoder encodes the first flag bit to the point cloud code stream; wherein the first flag bit is used to indicate whether the attribute coefficients of at least two first attribute components of the current point are all the first value.
  • the first value is equal to zero.
  • the encoder encodes the first flag bit using a first context.
  • the first context is a fixed context model.
  • step 702 the encoder determines whether the attribute coefficients of the at least two first attribute components are both first values; if so, execute step 703; otherwise, execute step 704; that is, when at least one of the attribute coefficients of the at least two first attribute components is not the first value, execute step 704.
  • Step 703 The encoder encodes a second attribute coefficient of the second attribute component of the current point into a point cloud code stream; wherein the second attribute coefficient is equal to the first attribute coefficient of the second attribute component minus 1; and the second attribute component is different from the at least two first attribute components;
  • the encoder encodes the second attribute coefficient using a second context.
  • the second context is a fixed context.
  • Step 704 the encoder encodes the second flag bit into the point cloud code stream, and then proceeds to step 705;
  • the second flag bit is used to indicate whether the attribute coefficient of at least one first attribute component among the at least two first attribute components is the first value.
  • the encoder may encode the second flag bit using the eleventh context.
  • the eleventh context is a fixed context.
  • step 705 the encoder determines whether the attribute coefficient of at least one of the at least two first attribute components is the first value; if so, execute step 706; otherwise, execute step 708; that is, when at least one of the attribute coefficients of the at least two first attribute components is not the first value, execute step 708.
  • Step 706 the encoder encodes a fourth attribute coefficient of a first attribute component different from the at least one first attribute component in the at least two first attribute components into a point cloud code stream, and proceeds to step 707;
  • the fourth attribute coefficient is equal to the third attribute coefficient of the first attribute component different from the at least one first attribute component minus 1.
  • the encoder encodes the fourth attribute coefficient using the third context.
  • the third context is a fixed context.
  • Step 707 The encoder encodes the fifth attribute coefficient of the second attribute component into a point cloud code stream.
  • the encoder selects a fourth context using the third attribute coefficient or the fourth attribute coefficient; and encodes the fifth attribute coefficient using the fourth context.
  • the encoder determines whether the absolute value of the third attribute coefficient or the fourth attribute coefficient is equal to 1 and whether the absolute value of the third attribute coefficient or the fourth attribute coefficient is greater than or equal to 2, and adaptively selects the fourth context based on this; or, in other embodiments, the encoder determines whether the absolute value of the third attribute coefficient or the fourth attribute coefficient is equal to 1 and whether the absolute value of the third attribute coefficient or the fourth attribute coefficient is less than or equal to 2, and adaptively selects the fourth context based on this.
  • step 708 the encoder encodes the seventh attribute coefficient of the at least one first attribute component into a point cloud code stream, and proceeds to step 709; wherein the seventh attribute coefficient is equal to the sixth attribute coefficient of the at least one first attribute component minus 1.
  • the encoder encodes the seventh attribute coefficient of the at least one first attribute component using the fifth context.
  • the fifth context is a fixed context.
  • step 709 the encoder encodes an eighth attribute coefficient of a first attribute component different from the at least one first attribute component among the at least two first attribute components into a point cloud code stream, and proceeds to step 710 .
  • the encoder selects a sixth context using the sixth attribute coefficient or the seventh attribute coefficient; and encodes the eighth attribute coefficient of the first attribute component different from the at least one first attribute component using the sixth context.
  • the encoder determines whether the absolute value of the sixth attribute coefficient or the seventh attribute coefficient is equal to 1 and whether the absolute value of the sixth attribute coefficient or the seventh attribute coefficient is greater than or equal to 2, and based on this, adaptively selects the sixth context; or, in other embodiments, the encoder determines whether the absolute value of the sixth attribute coefficient or the seventh attribute coefficient is equal to 1 and whether the absolute value of the sixth attribute coefficient or the seventh attribute coefficient is less than or equal to 2, and based on this, adaptively selects the sixth context.
  • Step 710 The encoder encodes the ninth attribute coefficient of the second attribute component into a point cloud code stream.
  • the encoder selects a seventh context using the sixth attribute coefficient or one of the seventh attribute coefficients, and/or the eighth attribute coefficient; and encodes the ninth attribute coefficient of the second attribute component using the seventh context.
  • the seventh context is selected using the sixth attribute coefficient and the eighth attribute coefficient; for another example, the seventh context is selected using the seventh attribute coefficient and the eighth attribute coefficient; for another example, the seventh context is selected using the sixth attribute coefficient or the seventh attribute coefficient; for another example, the seventh context is selected using the eighth attribute coefficient.
  • the encoder determines whether the absolute value of the sixth attribute coefficient or the seventh attribute coefficient is equal to 1, and whether the absolute value of the sixth attribute coefficient or the seventh attribute coefficient is greater than or equal to 2, and determines whether the absolute value of the eighth attribute coefficient is equal to 0, and whether the absolute value of the eighth attribute coefficient is greater than or equal to 1 to jointly and adaptively select the seventh context.
  • the encoder determines whether the absolute value of the sixth attribute coefficient or the seventh attribute coefficient is equal to 1, and whether the absolute value of the sixth attribute coefficient or the seventh attribute coefficient is less than or equal to 2, and determines whether the absolute value of the eighth attribute coefficient is equal to 0, and whether the absolute value of the eighth attribute coefficient is less than or equal to 1 to jointly and adaptively select the seventh context.
  • FIG8 is a schematic diagram of an implementation flow of another encoding method provided by the embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG8 , the method includes the following steps 800 to 806:
  • Step 800 The encoder encodes the first parameter into a point cloud code stream.
  • the first parameter is used to indicate the number of consecutive points where each attribute coefficient is the first value. In other embodiments, the first parameter is used to indicate the number of consecutive groups where each attribute coefficient is the first value.
  • Step 801 when the number of points where each attribute component is the first value is equal to the first value, the encoder encodes the first flag bit to the point cloud code stream; wherein the first flag bit is used to indicate whether the attribute coefficients of at least two first attribute components of the current point are all the first value.
  • the first value is equal to zero.
  • the encoder encodes the first flag bit using a first context.
  • the first context is a fixed context.
  • Step 802 the encoder determines whether the attribute coefficients of the at least two first attribute components are both first values; if yes, execute step 803; otherwise, execute step 804; that is, when at least one of the attribute coefficients of the at least two first attribute components is not the first value, execute step 804;
  • Step 803 the encoder encodes the second attribute coefficient of the second attribute component of the current point into a point cloud code stream; wherein the second attribute coefficient is equal to the first attribute coefficient of the second attribute component minus 1; and the second attribute component is different from the at least two first attribute components.
  • the encoder encodes the second attribute coefficient using a second context.
  • the second context is a fixed context.
  • Step 804 the encoder encodes the tenth attribute coefficient of at least one first attribute component of the at least two first attribute components into a point cloud code stream, and then proceeds to step 805;
  • the encoder encodes the tenth attribute coefficient using the eighth context.
  • the eighth context is a fixed context.
  • Step 805 The encoder encodes an eleventh attribute coefficient of the first attribute component different from the at least one first attribute component in the at least two first attribute components into a point cloud code stream by using the tenth attribute coefficient, and then proceeds to step 806;
  • the encoder uses the tenth attribute coefficient to select a ninth context; and uses the ninth context to encode the eleventh attribute coefficient.
  • the encoder determines whether the absolute value of the tenth attribute coefficient is equal to 1 and whether the absolute value of the tenth attribute coefficient is greater than or equal to 2, and adaptively selects the ninth context based on this; or, in other embodiments, the encoder determines whether the absolute value of the tenth attribute coefficient is equal to 1 and whether the absolute value of the tenth attribute coefficient is less than or equal to 2, and adaptively selects the ninth context based on this.
  • Step 806 The encoder encodes the twelfth attribute coefficient of the second attribute component into a point cloud code stream by using the tenth attribute coefficient and the eleventh attribute coefficient.
  • the encoder selects a tenth context using the tenth attribute coefficient and the eleventh attribute coefficient; and encodes the twelfth attribute coefficient using the tenth context.
  • the encoder determines whether the absolute value of the tenth attribute coefficient is equal to 1, and whether the absolute value of the tenth attribute coefficient is greater than or equal to 2, and determines whether the absolute value of the eleventh attribute coefficient is equal to 0, and whether the absolute value of the eleventh attribute coefficient is greater than or equal to 1, and based on this, adaptively selects the tenth context; or, in other embodiments, the encoder determines whether the absolute value of the tenth attribute coefficient is equal to 1, and whether the absolute value of the tenth attribute coefficient is less than or equal to 2, and determines whether the absolute value of the eleventh attribute coefficient is equal to 0, and whether the absolute value of the eleventh attribute coefficient is less than or equal to 1, and based on this, adaptively selects the tenth context.
  • the encoding method described in any of the above embodiments it further includes: when the final value of the attribute coefficient of any of the attribute components is not the first value, encoding the sign of the final value of the attribute coefficient of any of the attribute components; the sign is used to indicate whether the corresponding final value of the attribute coefficient is a positive number or a negative number.
  • the attribute coefficients mentioned above all refer to the absolute values of the attribute coefficients.
  • the attribute coefficients (here referring to the attribute coefficients that are not reduced by one), namely the first attribute coefficient, the third attribute coefficient, the fifth attribute coefficient, the sixth attribute coefficient, the eighth attribute coefficient, the ninth attribute coefficient, the tenth attribute coefficient, the eleventh attribute coefficient and the twelfth attribute coefficient are all determined according to one of the Pred, Predlift, RAHT, Predtrans-resource-limited, Predtrans-resource-unlimited and Trans methods.
  • the first attribute coefficient, the third attribute coefficient, the fifth attribute coefficient, the sixth attribute coefficient, the eighth attribute coefficient, the ninth attribute coefficient, the tenth attribute coefficient, the eleventh attribute coefficient and the twelfth attribute coefficient represent attribute residual coefficients
  • PredLift and RAHT the first attribute coefficient, the third attribute coefficient, the fifth attribute coefficient, the sixth attribute coefficient, the eighth attribute coefficient, the ninth attribute coefficient, the tenth attribute coefficient, the eleventh attribute coefficient and the twelfth attribute coefficient represent attribute transformation coefficients.
  • the first attribute coefficient, the third attribute coefficient, the fifth attribute coefficient, the sixth attribute coefficient, the eighth attribute coefficient, the ninth attribute coefficient, the tenth attribute coefficient, the eleventh attribute coefficient and the twelfth attribute coefficient represent attribute residual coefficients.
  • the first attribute coefficient, the third attribute coefficient, the fifth attribute coefficient, the sixth attribute coefficient, the eighth attribute coefficient, the ninth attribute coefficient, the tenth attribute coefficient, the eleventh attribute coefficient and the twelfth attribute coefficient represent attribute transformation coefficients.
  • the attribute coefficient types described in the embodiments of the present application are not limited to the above coefficients. In short, they can be coefficients output from the previous step such as entropy coding and decoding or arithmetic coding and decoding.
  • the encoding method further includes: obtaining an attribute reconstruction value of the attribute component at least based on the attribute coefficient of the attribute component; wherein the attribute coefficient of the attribute component is one of the following: a first attribute coefficient, a third attribute coefficient, a fifth attribute coefficient, a sixth attribute coefficient, an eighth attribute coefficient, a ninth attribute coefficient, a tenth attribute coefficient, an eleventh attribute coefficient, and a twelfth attribute coefficient.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a decoding method, which can be applied to the arithmetic decoding of the attribute decoding part in the decoder shown in Figure 3, and can also be applied to the entropy decoding of the attribute decoding part in the decoder shown in Figure 5.
  • a decoding method which can be applied to the arithmetic decoding of the attribute decoding part in the decoder shown in Figure 3, and can also be applied to the entropy decoding of the attribute decoding part in the decoder shown in Figure 5.
  • the framework of the encoder, decoder and business scenarios described in the embodiments of the present application are to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application. It is known to those of ordinary skill in the art that with the evolution of encoders and decoders and the emergence of new business scenarios, the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application are also applicable to similar technical problems.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an implementation flow of a decoding method provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 9 , the method includes the following steps 901 and 902:
  • Step 901 The decoder decodes the point cloud code stream to obtain a first flag bit; wherein the first flag bit is used to indicate whether the attribute coefficients of at least two first attribute components of the current point are both first values;
  • Step 902 When the first flag indicates that the attribute coefficients of the at least two first attribute components are all first values, the decoder determines that the first attribute coefficient of the second attribute component of the current point is equal to the second attribute coefficient of the second attribute component plus 1; wherein the second attribute coefficient of the second attribute component is parsed from the point cloud code stream; the second attribute component is different from the at least two first attribute components.
  • the first value is equal to zero.
  • the first flag bit indicates whether the attribute coefficients of at least two first attribute components (rather than one attribute component) of the current point are all first values; when the first flag bit indicates that the attribute coefficients of the at least two first attribute components are all first values, it is sufficient to decode the second attribute coefficient of the second attribute component of the current point without decoding the attribute coefficient of each attribute component of the current point, thereby improving the decoding efficiency of point cloud compression.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an implementation flow of another decoding method provided by the present application. As shown in FIG. 10 , the method includes the following steps 1001 to 1011:
  • Step 1001 The decoder decodes the point cloud code stream to obtain a first parameter.
  • the first parameter is used to represent the number of consecutive points where each attribute coefficient is the first value.
  • the first parameter can be understood as runlength. It can be understood that runlength represents that the attribute coefficients of consecutive runlength groups (each n is a group, n is 3) are all 0 at the same time or that the attribute coefficients of consecutive runlength points (n is 3) are all 0 at the same time. In other words, the first parameter represents the number of consecutive sampling points or consecutive sampling point groups where each attribute coefficient is 0.
  • Runlength 0 represents that the first attribute coefficient, the second attribute coefficient and the third attribute coefficient of the current group are not all 0 at the same time or the first attribute coefficient, the second attribute coefficient and the third attribute coefficient of the current point are not all 0 at the same time.
  • the decoder decodes runlength, and when runlength is equal to 0, it enters the following decoding scheme.
  • the first parameter is used to represent the number of consecutive groups in which each attribute coefficient is the first value.
  • runlength represents m1 points performing DCT transform to output k1 transform coefficients (wherein each n (such as n equals 3) is a group), and runlength is not 0, which means that the transform coefficients of consecutive runlength groups are all 0.
  • a runlength of 0 means that the n (such as n equals 3) transform coefficients of the current group are not all 0.
  • runlength represents m2 points performing RAHT transform to output k2 transform coefficients (wherein each n (such as n equals 3) is a group), and runlength is not 0, which means that the transform coefficients of consecutive runlength groups are all 0.
  • a runlength of 0 means that the n (such as n equals 3) transform coefficients of the current group are not all 0.
  • Step 1002 When the first parameter is equal to a first value, the decoder decodes the point cloud code stream to obtain a first flag bit; wherein the first flag bit is used to indicate whether the attribute coefficients of at least two first attribute components of the current point are both the first value.
  • the first value is equal to zero.
  • the decoder decodes the point cloud code stream using the first context to obtain the first flag.
  • Step 1003 the decoder determines whether the attribute coefficients of at least two first attribute components of the current point indicated by the first flag bit are all first values; if so, execute step 1004; otherwise, execute step 1005; that is, when the first flag bit indicates that at least one of the attribute coefficients of the at least two first attribute components is not the first value, execute step 1005.
  • Step 1004 The decoder determines that the first attribute coefficient of the second attribute component of the current point is equal to the second attribute coefficient of the second attribute component plus 1; wherein the second attribute coefficient of the second attribute component is parsed from the point cloud code stream; and the second attribute component is different from the at least two first attribute components.
  • the decoder decodes the point cloud code stream using the second context to obtain the second attribute coefficient.
  • Step 1005 The decoder determines a second flag bit and proceeds to step 1006; wherein the second flag bit is used to indicate whether the attribute coefficient of at least one first attribute component among the at least two first attribute components is the first value.
  • the decoder decodes the point cloud code stream to obtain the second flag. Further, in some embodiments, the decoder can use the eleventh context to decode the point cloud code stream to obtain the second flag. Further, in some embodiments, the eleventh context is a fixed context.
  • Step 1006 the decoder determines whether the attribute coefficient of at least one first attribute component among the at least two first attribute components indicated by the second flag bit is the first value; if so, execute step 1007; otherwise, execute step 1009; that is, when the second flag bit indicates that the attribute coefficient of the at least one first attribute component is not the first value, execute step 1009.
  • Step 1007 The decoder determines that the third attribute coefficient of the first attribute component different from the at least one first attribute component among the at least two first attribute components is equal to the fourth attribute coefficient of the first attribute component different from the at least one first attribute component plus 1, and the fourth attribute coefficient is parsed from the point cloud code stream; proceed to step 1008.
  • the decoder decodes the point cloud code stream using the third context to obtain the fourth attribute coefficient.
  • Step 1008 The decoder determines a fifth attribute coefficient of the second attribute component; wherein the fifth attribute coefficient is parsed from the point cloud code stream.
  • the decoder selects a fourth context using the third attribute coefficient or the fourth attribute coefficient; and decodes the point cloud code stream using the fourth context to obtain the fifth attribute coefficient.
  • Step 1009 The decoder determines that the sixth attribute coefficient of the at least one first attribute component is equal to the seventh attribute coefficient of the at least one first attribute component plus 1, and the seventh attribute coefficient is parsed from the point cloud code stream; and proceeds to step 1010.
  • the decoder decodes the point cloud code stream using the fifth context to obtain a seventh attribute coefficient of the at least one first attribute component.
  • step 1010 the decoder determines an eighth attribute coefficient of a first attribute component among the at least two first attribute components that is different from the at least one first attribute component, and proceeds to step 1011; wherein the eighth attribute coefficient is parsed from the point cloud code stream.
  • the decoder selects a sixth context using the sixth attribute coefficient or the seventh attribute coefficient; and decodes the point cloud code stream using the sixth context to obtain an eighth attribute coefficient of the first attribute component that is different from the at least one first attribute component.
  • Step 1011 The decoder determines a ninth attribute coefficient of the second attribute component; wherein the ninth attribute coefficient is parsed from the point cloud code stream.
  • the decoder selects the seventh context using the sixth attribute coefficient or one of the seventh attribute coefficients, and/or the eighth attribute coefficient; and decodes the point cloud code stream using the seventh context to obtain the ninth attribute coefficient of the second attribute component.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an implementation flow of another decoding method provided by the present application. As shown in FIG. 11 , the method includes the following steps 1101 to 1107:
  • Step 1101 The decoder decodes the point cloud code stream to obtain a first parameter.
  • the first parameter is used to indicate the number of consecutive points where each attribute coefficient is the first value. In other embodiments, the first parameter is used to indicate the number of consecutive groups where each attribute coefficient is the first value.
  • Step 1102 when the first parameter is equal to the first value, the decoder decodes the point cloud code stream to obtain a first flag bit; wherein the first flag bit is used to indicate whether the attribute coefficients of at least two first attribute components of the current point are both the first value;
  • the decoder decodes the point cloud code stream using the first context to obtain the first flag.
  • Step 1103 the decoder determines whether the attribute coefficients of at least two first attribute components of the current point indicated by the first flag bit are all first values; if so, execute step 1104; otherwise, execute step 1105; that is, when the first flag bit indicates that at least one of the attribute coefficients of the at least two first attribute components is not the first value, execute step 1105.
  • Step 1104 the decoder determines that the first attribute coefficient of the second attribute component of the current point is equal to the second attribute coefficient of the second attribute component plus 1; wherein the second attribute coefficient of the second attribute component is parsed from the point cloud code stream; and the second attribute component is different from the at least two first attribute components.
  • the decoder decodes the point cloud code stream using the second context to obtain the second attribute coefficient.
  • Step 1105 the decoder decodes the point cloud code stream to obtain a tenth attribute coefficient of at least one of the at least two first attribute components, and then proceeds to step 1106;
  • the decoder decodes the point cloud code stream using the eighth context to obtain the tenth attribute coefficient.
  • Step 1106 The decoder decodes the point cloud code stream using the tenth attribute coefficient to obtain an eleventh attribute coefficient of the first attribute component of the at least two first attribute components that is different from the at least one first attribute component, and then proceeds to step 1107;
  • the decoder uses the tenth attribute coefficient to select a ninth context; and uses the ninth context to decode the point cloud code stream to obtain the eleventh attribute coefficient.
  • Step 1107 The decoder decodes the point cloud code stream using the tenth attribute coefficient and the eleventh attribute coefficient to obtain the twelfth attribute coefficient of the second attribute component.
  • the decoder selects a tenth context using the tenth attribute coefficient and the eleventh attribute coefficient; and decodes the point cloud code stream using the tenth context to obtain the twelfth attribute coefficient.
  • the decoding method described in any of the above embodiments also includes: when the final value of the attribute coefficient of any of the attribute components is not the first value, decoding the point cloud code stream to obtain the sign of the final value of the attribute coefficient of any of the attribute components; the sign is used to indicate whether the corresponding final value of the attribute coefficient is a positive number or a negative number.
  • the attribute coefficients (for the decoding end, here refers to the final values of the attribute coefficients), that is, the first attribute coefficient, the third attribute coefficient, the fifth attribute coefficient, the sixth attribute coefficient, the eighth attribute coefficient, the ninth attribute coefficient, the tenth attribute coefficient, the eleventh attribute coefficient and the twelfth attribute coefficient are all determined according to one of the Pred, Predlift, RAHT, Predtrans-resource-limited, Predtrans-resource-unlimited and Trans methods.
  • the first attribute coefficient, the third attribute coefficient, the fifth attribute coefficient, the sixth attribute coefficient, the eighth attribute coefficient, the ninth attribute coefficient, the tenth attribute coefficient, the eleventh attribute coefficient and the twelfth attribute coefficient represent attribute residual coefficients
  • PredLift and RAHT the first attribute coefficient, the third attribute coefficient, the fifth attribute coefficient, the sixth attribute coefficient, the eighth attribute coefficient, the ninth attribute coefficient, the tenth attribute coefficient, the eleventh attribute coefficient and the twelfth attribute coefficient represent attribute transformation coefficients.
  • the first attribute coefficient, the third attribute coefficient, the fifth attribute coefficient, the sixth attribute coefficient, the eighth attribute coefficient, the ninth attribute coefficient, the tenth attribute coefficient, the eleventh attribute coefficient and the twelfth attribute coefficient represent attribute residual coefficients.
  • the first attribute coefficient, the third attribute coefficient, the fifth attribute coefficient, the sixth attribute coefficient, the eighth attribute coefficient, the ninth attribute coefficient, the tenth attribute coefficient, the eleventh attribute coefficient and the twelfth attribute coefficient represent attribute transformation coefficients.
  • the attribute coefficient types described in the embodiments of the present application are not limited to the above coefficients. In short, they can be coefficients output from the previous step such as entropy coding and decoding or arithmetic coding and decoding.
  • the decoding method also includes: obtaining an attribute reconstruction value of the attribute component at least based on the attribute coefficient of the attribute component; the attribute coefficient of the attribute component is one of the following: a first attribute coefficient, a third attribute coefficient, a fifth attribute coefficient, a sixth attribute coefficient, an eighth attribute coefficient, a ninth attribute coefficient, a tenth attribute coefficient, an eleventh attribute coefficient, and a twelfth attribute coefficient.
  • the at least two first attribute components may include any two components of the Y component, the U component, and the V component, or the at least two first attribute components may include any two components of the R component, the G component, and the B component; accordingly, the second attribute component is the remaining component of the above three components that is different from the at least two first attribute components.
  • the type of at least one of the at least two first attribute components and the type of the first attribute component different from the at least one first attribute component among the at least two first attribute components can be any one of the Y component, U component and V component, or any one of the R component, G component and B component.
  • the at least two first attribute components include a U component and a V component, and the second attribute component includes a Y component.
  • at least one of the at least two first attribute components includes a U component, and the first attribute component of the at least two first attribute components that is different from the at least one first attribute component is a V component; or, in other embodiments, at least one of the at least two first attribute components includes a V component, and the first attribute component of the at least two first attribute components that is different from the at least one first attribute component is a U component.
  • the at least two first attribute components include a U component and a Y component, and the second attribute component includes a V component. Based on this, further, in some embodiments, at least one of the at least two first attribute components includes a U component, and the first attribute component of the at least two first attribute components that is different from the at least one first attribute component is a Y component; or, in other embodiments, at least one of the at least two first attribute components includes a Y component, and the first attribute component of the at least two first attribute components that is different from the at least one first attribute component is a U component.
  • the at least two first attribute components include a V component and a Y component, and the second attribute component includes a U component. Based on this, further, in some embodiments, at least one of the at least two first attribute components includes a V component, and the first attribute component of the at least two first attribute components that is different from the at least one first attribute component is a Y component; or, in other embodiments, at least one of the at least two first attribute components includes a Y component, and the first attribute component of the at least two first attribute components that is different from the at least one first attribute component is a V component.
  • the at least two first attribute components include an R component and a G component
  • the second attribute component includes a B component.
  • at least one of the at least two first attribute components includes an R component, and the first attribute component of the at least two first attribute components that is different from the at least one first attribute component is a G component; or, in other embodiments, at least one of the at least two first attribute components includes a G component, and the first attribute component of the at least two first attribute components that is different from the at least one first attribute component is an R component.
  • the at least two first attribute components include an R component and a B component, and the second attribute component includes a V component. Based on this, further, in some embodiments, at least one of the at least two first attribute components includes an R component, and the first attribute component of the at least two first attribute components that is different from the at least one first attribute component is a B component; or, in other embodiments, at least one of the at least two first attribute components includes a B component, and the first attribute component of the at least two first attribute components that is different from the at least one first attribute component is an R component.
  • the at least two first attribute components include a G component and a B component, and the second attribute component includes an R component. Based on this, further, in some embodiments, at least one of the at least two first attribute components includes a G component, and the first attribute component of the at least two first attribute components that is different from the at least one first attribute component is a B component; or, in other embodiments, at least one of the at least two first attribute components includes a B component, and the first attribute component of the at least two first attribute components that is different from the at least one first attribute component is a G component.
  • the above-mentioned decoding method related to FIG. 9 corresponds to the encoding method related to FIG. 6,
  • the above-mentioned decoding method related to FIG. 10 corresponds to the encoding method related to FIG. 7, and the above-mentioned decoding method related to FIG. 11 corresponds to the encoding method related to FIG. 8. Therefore, for the technical details not disclosed in the decoding method, please refer to the corresponding instructions and descriptions in the above-mentioned encoding method for understanding. In order to save space and avoid repeated descriptions, some technical details on the decoding method side will not be explained and described again.
  • a 1-bit flag can be used to indicate whether the encoding method provided by the embodiment of the present application is enabled. This flag is placed in the attribute header of the high-level syntax element. This flag is conditionally analyzed under certain specific conditions. If this flag does not appear in the bitstream, its default value is a fixed value. That is, if this flag does not appear in the bitstream, the encoding method provided by the embodiment of the present application is enabled/used by default. Alternatively, if this flag does not appear in the bitstream, the encoding method provided by the embodiment of the present application is not enabled/used by default.
  • the decoding end needs to decode the flag bit. If this flag bit does not appear in the bit stream, it will not be decoded.
  • the default value is a fixed value. That is to say, if this flag bit does not appear in the bit stream, the decoding method provided in the embodiment of the present application is enabled/used by default; or, if this flag bit does not appear in the bit stream, the decoding method provided in the embodiment of the present application is not enabled/used by default.
  • Step 1201 using the context to encode the first flag bit, which represents whether the absolute value of the attribute coefficient 1 and the absolute value of the attribute coefficient 2 of the current point are both 0; wherein the absolute value of the attribute coefficient 1 and the absolute value of the attribute coefficient 2 of the current point refer to examples of the attribute coefficients of at least two first attribute components of the current point described in the previous embodiment.
  • Step 1202 determine whether the absolute value of attribute coefficient 1 and the absolute value of attribute coefficient 2 are both 0; if yes, execute step 1203; otherwise, execute step 1204;
  • Step 1203 using the absolute value of the context coding attribute coefficient 3 minus one, the coding ends; wherein the absolute value of the attribute coefficient 3 refers to the example of the first attribute coefficient of the second attribute component of the current point described in the previous embodiment.
  • Step 1204 using the context to encode a second flag, the flag representing whether the absolute value of the attribute coefficient 1 is 0;
  • Step 1205 determine whether the absolute value of attribute coefficient 1 is 0; if yes, execute step 1206; otherwise, execute step 1207;
  • Step 1206 using the context to encode the absolute value of attribute coefficient 2 minus one, and using the absolute value of attribute coefficient 2 to adaptively select a context; using the adaptively selected context, encode the absolute value of attribute coefficient 3, and end the encoding;
  • Step 1207 use the context to encode the absolute value of attribute coefficient 1 minus one; and use the absolute value of attribute coefficient 1 to adaptively select a context, and use the selected context to encode the absolute value of attribute coefficient 2; and use the absolute values of attribute coefficient 1 and attribute coefficient 2 to adaptively select a context, and use the selected context to encode the absolute value of attribute coefficient 3, and end the encoding.
  • the process includes the following steps 1301 to 1307:
  • Step 1301 using context decoding to decode a first flag, the flag representing whether the absolute value of attribute coefficient 1 and the absolute value of attribute coefficient 2 are both 0;
  • Step 1302 determine whether the absolute value of attribute coefficient 1 and the absolute value of attribute coefficient 2 are both 0; if yes, execute step 1303; otherwise, execute step 1304;
  • Step 1303 using the context to decode the absolute value of the attribute coefficient 3, the final absolute value of the attribute coefficient 3 is the decoded value plus one, and the decoding ends;
  • Step 1304 using the context to decode the second flag, the flag representing whether the absolute value of the attribute coefficient 1 is 0;
  • Step 1305 Determine whether the absolute value of attribute coefficient 1 is 0; if yes, execute step 1306; otherwise, execute step 1307;
  • Step 1306 using the context to decode the absolute value of attribute coefficient 2, the final value of the absolute value of attribute coefficient 2 is the decoded value plus one; and using the final value of the absolute value of attribute coefficient 2 to adaptively select a context, using the adaptively selected context to decode the absolute value of attribute coefficient 3, the final value of the absolute value of attribute coefficient 3 is the decoded value, and the decoding ends;
  • Step 1307 using the context to decode the absolute value of attribute coefficient 1, the final value of the absolute value of attribute coefficient 1 is the decoded value plus one; and, using the final value of the absolute value of attribute coefficient 1 to adaptively select a context, using the adaptively selected context to decode the absolute value of attribute coefficient 2, the final value of the absolute value of attribute coefficient 2 is the decoded value; and, using the final value of the absolute value of attribute coefficient 1 and the final value of the absolute value of attribute coefficient 2 to adaptively select a context, using the adaptively selected context to decode the absolute value of attribute coefficient 3, the final value of the absolute value of attribute coefficient 3 is the decoded value, and decoding ends.
  • Embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • Pred branch, PredLift branch and RAHT branch in G-PCC encode value0, value1 and value2, for Pred: suppose the three components of the color attribute are value0, value1 and value2, value0 represents the residual coefficient of Y or R, value1 represents the residual coefficient of U or G, and value2 represents the residual coefficient of V or B.
  • PredLift Let the three components of the color attribute be value0, value1, and value2, where value0 represents the transformation coefficient of Y or R, value1 represents the transformation coefficient of U or G, and value2 represents the transformation coefficient of V or B.
  • value0, value1 and value2 are the transformation coefficients after RAHT transformation.
  • the tool of this scheme can use a 1-bit flag to indicate whether to enable the encoding method and decoding method described below.
  • This flag is placed in the attribute header of the high-level syntax element. This flag is conditionally analyzed under certain conditions; if this flag does not appear in the bitstream, its default value is a fixed value.
  • the decoding end needs to decode the flag bit. If the flag bit does not appear in the bitstream, it will not be decoded.
  • the default value is a fixed value.
  • Step 1401 using context encoding to encode a first flag bit; wherein the first flag bit represents whether the absolute value of value1 and the absolute value of value2 are both 0;
  • Step 1402 determine whether the absolute value of value1 and the absolute value of value2 are both 0; if yes, execute step 1403; otherwise, execute step 1404;
  • Step 1403 using the context code value0 to reduce the absolute value by 1, and then ending the coding;
  • Step 1404 using the context to encode the second flag bit; wherein the second flag bit represents whether the absolute value of value1 is 0, and determines whether the absolute value of value1 is 0; if yes, executing step 1405; otherwise, executing step 1407;
  • Step 1406 adaptively select a context using the absolute value of value2, encode the absolute value of value0 using the selected context, and end encoding;
  • the adaptive method is to determine whether the absolute value of value2 is equal to 1 and whether the absolute value of value2 is greater than or equal to 2 or less than or equal to 2 to adaptively select a context.
  • Step 1407 using the context code value1, the absolute value is reduced by one, and then proceeding to step 1408;
  • Step 1408 adaptively select a context using the absolute value of value1, encode the absolute value of value2 using the selected context, and proceed to step 1409;
  • the adaptive method is to determine whether the absolute value of value1 is equal to 1 and whether the absolute value of value1 is greater than or equal to 2 or less than or equal to 2 to adaptively select a context.
  • Step 1409 using the absolute value of value1 and the absolute value of value2 to adaptively select the absolute value of context encoding value0, and end the encoding.
  • step 1409 the adaptive method jointly adaptively selects the context by judging whether the absolute value of value1 is equal to 1 and whether the absolute value of value1 is greater than or equal to 2 or less than or equal to 2 and judging whether the absolute value of value2 is equal to 0 and whether the absolute value of value2 is greater than or equal to 1 or less than or equal to 1.
  • Step 1501 using context decoding to decode the first flag bit; wherein the first flag bit represents whether the absolute value of value1 and the absolute value of value2 are both 0;
  • Step 1502 determine whether the absolute value of value1 and the absolute value of value2 are both 0; if yes, execute step 1503; otherwise, execute step 1504;
  • Step 1503 using the context to decode the absolute value of value0, the final value of the absolute value of value0 is the decoded value plus one, and the decoding ends;
  • Step 1504 using the context to decode the second flag bit; wherein the second flag bit represents whether the absolute value of value1 is 0, and whether the absolute value of value1 is 0 is determined; if yes, executing step 1505; otherwise, executing step 1507;
  • Step 1505 use the context to decode the absolute value of value2, the final value of the absolute value of value2 is the decoded value plus one, and then go to step 1506;
  • Step 1506 using the final value of the absolute value of value2 to adaptively select the absolute value of value0 for context decoding, the final value of the absolute value of value0 is the decoded value, and the decoding ends;
  • step 1506 the adaptive method is to determine whether the absolute value of value2 is equal to 1 and whether the absolute value of value2 is greater than or equal to 2 or less than or equal to 2 to adaptively select the context.
  • Step 1507 use the context to decode the absolute value of value1, the final value of the absolute value of value1 is the decoded value plus one, and then go to step 1508;
  • Step 1508 using the final value of the absolute value of value1 to adaptively select the absolute value of value2 for context decoding, the final value of the absolute value of value2 is the decoded value, and proceeding to step 1509;
  • step 1508 the adaptive method is to determine whether the absolute value final value of value1 is equal to 1 and whether the absolute value final value of value1 is greater than or equal to 2 or less than or equal to 2 to adaptively select a context.
  • Step 1509 using the final value of the absolute value of value1 and the final value of the absolute value of value2 to adaptively select the absolute value of context decoding value0, the final value of the absolute value of value0 is the decoded value, and the decoding ends.
  • the adaptive method is to jointly adaptively select the context by judging whether the absolute final value of value1 is equal to 1 and whether the absolute final value of value1 is greater than or equal to 2 or less than or equal to 2 and judging whether the absolute final value of value2 is equal to 0 and whether the absolute final value of value2 is greater than or equal to 1 or less than or equal to 1.
  • Embodiment 2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • Pred branch For the Pred branch, Predtrans-resource-constrained branch, Predtrans-resource-unconstrained branch, or Trans branch in AVS PCC, when encoding value0, value1, and value2:
  • value0 represents the residual coefficient of Y or R
  • value1 represents the residual coefficient of U or G
  • value2 represents the residual coefficient of V or B.
  • value0, value1, and value2 are DC coefficients or AC coefficients after transformation.
  • value0, value1 and value2 are the transformation coefficients after multiple layers of transformation.
  • the tool of this scheme can use a 1-bit flag to indicate whether it is enabled or not. This flag is placed in the attribute header of the high-level syntax element. This flag is conditionally analyzed under certain conditions. If this flag does not appear in the bitstream, its default value is a fixed value.
  • the decoding end needs to decode the flag bit. If the flag bit does not appear in the bitstream, it will not be decoded.
  • the default value is a fixed value.
  • the scheme of the encoding end is the same as that of the encoding end in Example 1, namely, including steps 1401 to 1409; the scheme of the decoding end is the same as that of the decoding end in Example 1, namely, including steps 1501 to 1509. To save space, the description is not repeated here.
  • the method of obtaining it is not limited; in the encoding and decoding method described in the embodiments of the present application, whether to use the context for encoding and decoding, or whether to adaptively select the context and then perform encoding and decoding based on the selected context are both optional, and the method can be enabled or not. That is, when using a fixed context for encoding and decoding, it can be encoding and decoding using a fixed context or directly encoding and decoding without using the context. When using adaptively selected context for encoding and decoding, it can be encoding and decoding using an adaptively selected context or encoding and decoding using a fixed context or directly encoding and decoding without using the context.
  • Table 1 is the technical effect achieved by the arithmetic coding and decoding method based on G-PCC pred under condition 3, as shown in Table 1, wherein, bpip ratio represents the input point bit rate, Geometry represents geometric information, Colour represents color information, and Reflectance represents reflectivity.
  • Table 2 shows the technical effect achieved by the arithmetic coding and decoding method based on G-PCC pred under condition 4, as shown in Table 2, where End-to-End BD-Attr Rate represents the end-to-end attribute rate-distortion rate, Luma represents brightness, ChromaCb represents chroma Cb, and ChromaCr represents chroma Cr.
  • Table 3 shows the technical effects achieved by the arithmetic coding and decoding method based on G-PCC predlift under condition 1, as shown in Table 3.
  • Table 4 shows the technical effects achieved by the arithmetic coding and decoding method based on G-PCC predlift under condition 2, as shown in Table 4.
  • Table 5 shows the technical effects achieved by the arithmetic coding and decoding method based on G-PCC RAHT under condition 1.
  • Table 6 shows the technical effects achieved by the arithmetic coding and decoding method based on G-PCC RAHT under condition 2.
  • the above embodiment is used for color attribute coefficients, and can also be used for other attribute coefficients, that is, it can be used in the scenario of multi-attribute coding; (2) the above embodiment is only for three attribute coefficients, and the encoded attribute coefficient 1 and attribute coefficient 2 are simultaneously 0. If it is for four attribute coefficients, it can be expanded to first encode attribute coefficient 1, attribute coefficient 2 and attribute coefficient 3 as 0, and then encode, etc.; (3) in the above embodiment, the order of encoding and decoding can be changed. The encoding order can be changed according to which two are encoded first and are simultaneously 0; (4) there are many ways to adaptively select context using the already encoded/decoded values. Adaptive context selection means adaptively selecting the context model to encode/decode the next value according to the size of the already encoded/decoded value.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of an implementation flow of the encoding method provided in the embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 14 , the method includes the following steps 141 to 146:
  • Step 141 using the context to encode the first flag, the flag represents whether the absolute value of the attribute coefficient 1 and the absolute value of the attribute coefficient 2 of the current point are both 0;
  • Step 142 determine whether the absolute value of attribute coefficient 1 and the absolute value of attribute coefficient 2 are both 0; if yes, execute step 143; otherwise, execute step 144;
  • Step 143 using the absolute value of the context coding attribute coefficient 3 minus one, and ending the coding;
  • Step 144 using the absolute value of the context coding attribute coefficient 1 minus one, proceeding to step 145;
  • Step 145 adaptively select a context using the absolute value of the encoded attribute coefficient 1, and use the selected context to encode the absolute value of the attribute coefficient 2, and then proceed to step 146;
  • Step 146 Adaptively select a context using the encoded absolute value of attribute coefficient 1 and the absolute value of attribute coefficient 2, and encode the absolute value of attribute coefficient 3 using the selected context.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of an implementation flow of the decoding method provided in the embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 15 , the method includes the following steps 151 to 156:
  • Step 151 using context decoding to decode a first flag, the flag representing whether the absolute value of attribute coefficient 1 and the absolute value of attribute coefficient 2 are both 0;
  • Step 152 determine whether the absolute value of attribute coefficient 1 and the absolute value of attribute coefficient 2 are both 0; if yes, execute step 153; otherwise, execute step 154;
  • Step 153 using the context to decode the absolute value of the attribute coefficient 3, the final absolute value of the attribute coefficient 3 is the decoded value plus one, and the decoding ends;
  • Step 154 using the context to decode the absolute value of attribute coefficient 1, the final value of the absolute value of attribute coefficient 1 is the decoded value, and then proceeding to step 155;
  • Step 155 using the final value of the absolute value of the attribute coefficient 1 to adaptively select a context, using the selected context to decode the absolute value of the attribute coefficient 2, the final value of the absolute value of the attribute coefficient 2 is the decoded value, and then proceeding to step 156;
  • Step 156 using the final absolute value of attribute coefficient 1 and the final absolute value of attribute coefficient 2 to adaptively select a context, using the selected context to decode the absolute value of attribute coefficient 3, the final absolute value of attribute coefficient 3 being the decoded value.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the encoding device provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the encoding device 160 includes:
  • the encoding module 1601 is configured to encode a first flag bit into a point cloud code stream; wherein the first flag bit is used to indicate whether the attribute coefficients of at least two first attribute components of the current point are both first values;
  • the second determination module 1602 is configured to encode the second attribute coefficient of the second attribute component of the current point to the point cloud code stream when the attribute coefficients of the at least two first attribute components are both first values; wherein the second attribute coefficient is equal to the first attribute coefficient of the second attribute component minus 1; and the second attribute component is different from the at least two first attribute components.
  • the encoding module 1601 is configured to encode the first parameter into a point cloud code stream; when the number of points where each attribute component has a first value is equal to the first value, encode the first flag into the point cloud code stream.
  • the encoding module 1601 is configured to encode the first flag bit using a first context.
  • the encoding module 1601 is configured to encode the second attribute coefficient using a second context.
  • the encoding module 1601 is also configured to encode a second flag bit to the point cloud code stream when at least one of the attribute coefficients of the at least two first attribute components is not the first value; wherein the second flag bit is used to indicate whether the attribute coefficient of at least one first attribute component of the at least two first attribute components is the first value.
  • the encoding module 1601 is also configured to encode a fourth attribute coefficient of a first attribute component of the at least two first attribute components that is different from the at least one first attribute component to a point cloud code stream when the attribute coefficient of the at least one first attribute component is the first numerical value; wherein the fourth attribute coefficient is equal to the third attribute coefficient of the first attribute component that is different from the at least one first attribute component minus 1.
  • the encoding module 1601 is further configured to encode the fifth attribute coefficient of the second attribute component into a point cloud code stream when the attribute coefficient of the at least one first attribute component is the first value.
  • the encoding module 1601 is configured to encode the fourth attribute coefficient using the third context.
  • the encoding module 1601 is configured to select a fourth context using the third attribute coefficient or the fourth attribute coefficient; and encode the fifth attribute coefficient using the fourth context.
  • the encoding module 1601 is further configured to encode the seventh attribute coefficient of the at least one first attribute component to the point cloud code stream when the attribute coefficient of the at least one first attribute component is not the first numerical value; wherein the seventh attribute coefficient is equal to the sixth attribute coefficient of the at least one first attribute component minus 1.
  • the encoding module 1601 is further configured to: when the attribute coefficient of the at least one first attribute component is not the first numerical value, encode the eighth attribute coefficient of the first attribute component of the at least two first attribute components that is different from the at least one first attribute component to the point cloud code stream.
  • the encoding module 1601 is further configured to encode a ninth attribute coefficient of the second attribute component into a point cloud code stream when the attribute coefficient of the at least one first attribute component is not a first value.
  • the encoding module 1601 is configured to encode the seventh attribute coefficient of the at least one first attribute component using the fifth context.
  • the encoding module 1601 is configured to select a sixth context using the sixth attribute coefficient or the seventh attribute coefficient; and encode the eighth attribute coefficient of the first attribute component different from the at least one first attribute component using the sixth context.
  • the encoding module 1601 is configured to select a seventh context using the sixth attribute coefficient or one of the seventh attribute coefficients, and/or the eighth attribute coefficient; and encode the ninth attribute coefficient of the second attribute component using the seventh context.
  • the encoding module 1601 is further configured to, when at least one of the attribute coefficients of the at least two first attribute components is not the first numerical value, encode the tenth attribute coefficient of at least one of the at least two first attribute components to a point cloud code stream; use the tenth attribute coefficient to encode the eleventh attribute coefficient of the first attribute component of the at least two first attribute components that is different from the at least one first attribute component to the point cloud code stream; and use the tenth attribute coefficient and the eleventh attribute coefficient to encode the twelfth attribute coefficient of the second attribute component to a point cloud code stream.
  • the encoding module 1601 is configured to encode the tenth attribute coefficient using the eighth context; select the ninth context using the tenth attribute coefficient; encode the eleventh attribute coefficient using the ninth context; select the tenth context using the tenth attribute coefficient and the eleventh attribute coefficient; and encode the twelfth attribute coefficient using the tenth context.
  • the encoding module 1601 is further configured to encode the sign of the final value of the attribute coefficient of any of the attribute components when the final value of the attribute coefficient of any of the attribute components is not the first value; the sign is used to indicate whether the corresponding final value of the attribute coefficient is a positive number or a negative number.
  • the encoding device 160 also includes a first reconstruction module, configured to obtain an attribute reconstruction value of the attribute component at least based on the attribute coefficient of the attribute component;
  • the attribute coefficient of the attribute component is one of the following: a first attribute coefficient, a third attribute coefficient, a fifth attribute coefficient, a sixth attribute coefficient, an eighth attribute coefficient, a ninth attribute coefficient, a tenth attribute coefficient, an eleventh attribute coefficient, and a twelfth attribute coefficient.
  • the at least two first attribute components include a U component and a V component, and the second attribute component includes a Y component; or, the at least two first attribute components include a G component and a B component, and the second attribute component includes an R component.
  • FIG17 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the decoding device provided by the present application embodiment. As shown in FIG17 , the decoding device 170 includes:
  • the decoding module 1701 is configured to decode the point cloud code stream to obtain a first flag bit; wherein the first flag bit is used to indicate whether the attribute coefficients of at least two first attribute components of the current point are both first values;
  • the first determination module 1702 is configured to determine that the first attribute coefficient of the second attribute component of the current point is equal to the second attribute coefficient of the second attribute component plus 1 when the first flag indicates that the attribute coefficients of the at least two first attribute components are all first values; wherein the second attribute coefficient of the second attribute component is parsed from the point cloud code stream; and the second attribute component is different from the at least two first attribute components.
  • the decoding module 1701 is configured to decode the point cloud code stream to obtain a first parameter; when the first parameter is equal to a first value, the point cloud code stream is decoded to obtain a first flag.
  • the decoding module 1701 is configured to decode the point cloud code stream using the first context to obtain the first flag.
  • the decoding module 1701 is configured to decode the point cloud code stream using a second context to obtain the second attribute coefficient.
  • the decoding module 1701 is further configured to determine a second flag bit when the first flag bit indicates that at least one of the attribute coefficients of the at least two first attribute components is not the first numerical value; wherein the second flag bit is used to indicate whether the attribute coefficient of at least one of the at least two first attribute components is the first numerical value.
  • the decoding module 1701 is further configured to determine that, when the second flag indicates that the attribute coefficient of the at least one first attribute component is the first numerical value, the third attribute coefficient of the first attribute component different from the at least two first attribute components is equal to the fourth attribute coefficient of the first attribute component different from the at least one first attribute component plus 1, and the fourth attribute coefficient is parsed from the point cloud code stream.
  • the decoding module 1701 is further configured to determine the fifth attribute coefficient of the second attribute component when the second flag indicates that the attribute coefficient of the at least one first attribute component is the first value; wherein the fifth attribute coefficient is parsed from the point cloud code stream.
  • the decoding module 1701 is configured to decode the point cloud code stream using the third context to obtain the fourth attribute coefficient.
  • the decoding module 1701 is configured to select a fourth context using the third attribute coefficient or the fourth attribute coefficient; and decode the point cloud code stream using the fourth context to obtain the fifth attribute coefficient.
  • the decoding module 1701 is further configured to determine that the sixth attribute coefficient of the at least one first attribute component is equal to the seventh attribute coefficient of the at least one first attribute component plus 1 when the second flag indicates that the attribute coefficient of the at least one first attribute component is not the first numerical value, and the seventh attribute coefficient is parsed from the point cloud code stream.
  • the decoding module 1701 is also configured to determine an eighth attribute coefficient of a first attribute component among the at least two first attribute components that is different from the at least one first attribute component when the second flag indicates that the attribute coefficient of the at least one first attribute component is not the first numerical value; wherein the eighth attribute coefficient is parsed from the point cloud code stream.
  • the decoding module 1701 is further configured to determine a ninth attribute coefficient of the second attribute component when the second flag indicates that the attribute coefficient of the at least one first attribute component is not a first value; wherein the ninth attribute coefficient is parsed from the point cloud code stream.
  • the decoding module 1701 is configured to decode the point cloud code stream using the fifth context to obtain a seventh attribute coefficient of the at least one first attribute component.
  • the decoding module 1701 is configured to select a sixth context using the sixth attribute coefficient or the seventh attribute coefficient; and decode the point cloud code stream using the sixth context to obtain an eighth attribute coefficient of the first attribute component that is different from the at least one first attribute component.
  • the decoding module 1701 is configured to select a seventh context using the sixth attribute coefficient or one of the seventh attribute coefficients, and/or the eighth attribute coefficient; and decode the point cloud code stream using the seventh context to obtain a ninth attribute coefficient of the second attribute component.
  • the decoding module 1701 is further configured to decode the point cloud code stream when the first flag indicates that at least one of the attribute coefficients of the at least two first attribute components is not the first numerical value, to obtain the tenth attribute coefficient of at least one of the at least two first attribute components; to decode the point cloud code stream using the tenth attribute coefficient to obtain the eleventh attribute coefficient of the first attribute component of the at least two first attribute components that is different from the at least one first attribute component; and to decode the point cloud code stream using the tenth attribute coefficient and the eleventh attribute coefficient to obtain the twelfth attribute coefficient of the second attribute component.
  • the decoding module 1701 is configured to use the eighth context to decode the point cloud code stream to obtain the tenth attribute coefficient; use the tenth attribute coefficient to select the ninth context; use the ninth context to decode the point cloud code stream to obtain the eleventh attribute coefficient; use the tenth attribute coefficient and the eleventh attribute coefficient to select the tenth context; use the tenth context to decode the point cloud code stream to obtain the twelfth attribute coefficient.
  • the decoding module 1701 is further configured to decode the point cloud code stream to obtain the sign of the final value of the attribute coefficient of any of the attribute components when the final value of the attribute coefficient of any of the attribute components is not the first value; the sign is used to indicate whether the corresponding final value of the attribute coefficient is a positive number or a negative number.
  • the decoding device 170 also includes a second reconstruction module, configured to obtain an attribute reconstruction value of the attribute component at least based on the attribute coefficient of the attribute component;
  • the attribute coefficient of the attribute component is one of the following: a first attribute coefficient, a third attribute coefficient, a fifth attribute coefficient, a sixth attribute coefficient, an eighth attribute coefficient, a ninth attribute coefficient, a tenth attribute coefficient, an eleventh attribute coefficient, and a twelfth attribute coefficient.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application can be integrated into a processing unit, or it can exist physically alone, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.
  • the above-mentioned integrated unit can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional units. It can also be implemented in the form of a combination of software and hardware.
  • the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application can be essentially or partly reflected in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for enabling an electronic device to execute all or part of the methods described in each embodiment of the present application.
  • the aforementioned storage medium includes various media that can store program codes, such as a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk. In this way, the embodiments of the present application are not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed, it implements a video image processing method such as an encoder side, or implements a video image processing method such as a decoder side.
  • the decoder 180 includes: a first communication interface 1801, a first memory 1802 and a first processor 1803; each component is coupled together through a first bus system 1804. It can be understood that the first bus system 1804 is used to realize the connection and communication between these components.
  • the first bus system 1804 also includes a power bus, a control bus and a status signal bus. However, for the sake of clarity, various buses are marked as the first bus system 1804 in FIG18. Among them,
  • the first communication interface 1801 is used for receiving and sending signals during the process of sending and receiving information with other external network elements;
  • the first processor 1803 is used to execute the decoding method described in the embodiment of the present application when running the computer program.
  • the first memory 1802 in the embodiment of the present application can be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or can include both volatile and non-volatile memories.
  • the non-volatile memory can be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or a flash memory.
  • the volatile memory can be a random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache.
  • RAM static RAM
  • DRAM dynamic RAM
  • SDRAM synchronous DRAM
  • DDRSDRAM double data rate synchronous DRAM
  • ESDRAM enhanced SDRAM
  • SLDRAM synchronous link DRAM
  • DRRAM direct RAM bus RAM
  • the first processor 1803 may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. In the implementation process, each step of the above method can be completed by the hardware integrated logic circuit or software instructions in the first processor 1803.
  • the above-mentioned first processor 1803 can be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (Digital Signal Processor, DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC), a field programmable gate array (Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gates or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components.
  • DSP Digital Signal Processor
  • ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
  • FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
  • the methods, steps and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be implemented or executed.
  • the general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or the processor can also be any conventional processor, etc.
  • the steps of the method disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be directly embodied as a hardware decoding processor to be executed, or the hardware and software modules in the decoding processor can be combined and executed.
  • the software module can be located in a mature storage medium in the field such as a random access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory or an electrically erasable programmable memory, a register, etc.
  • the storage medium is located in the first memory 1802, and the first processor 1803 reads the information in the first memory 1802 and completes the steps of the above method in combination with its hardware.
  • the processing unit can be implemented in one or more application specific integrated circuits (Application Specific Integrated Circuits, ASIC), digital signal processors (Digital Signal Processing, DSP), digital signal processing devices (DSP Device, DSPD), programmable logic devices (Programmable Logic Device, PLD), field programmable gate arrays (Field-Programmable Gate Array, FPGA), general processors, controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, other electronic units for performing the functions described in this application or a combination thereof.
  • ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuits
  • DSP Digital Signal Processing
  • DSP Device digital signal processing devices
  • PLD programmable logic devices
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • general processors controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, other electronic units for performing the functions described in this application or a combination thereof.
  • the technology described in this application can be implemented by a module (such as a process, function, etc.) that performs the functions described in this application.
  • the software code can be stored in a memory and executed by a processor.
  • the memory can be implemented in the processor or outside the processor.
  • the first processor 1803 is further configured to execute any one of the aforementioned 9 decoding method embodiments when running the computer program.
  • the encoder 190 includes: a second communication interface 1901, a second memory 1902 and a second processor 1903; each component is coupled together via a second bus system 1904. It is understandable that the second bus system 1904 is used to achieve connection and communication between these components.
  • the second bus system 1904 also includes a power bus, a control bus and a status signal bus.
  • various buses are labeled as the second bus system 1904 in FIG19 . Among them,
  • the second communication interface 1901 is used for receiving and sending signals during the process of sending and receiving information with other external network elements;
  • the second memory 1902 is used to store a computer program that can be run on the second processor 1903;
  • the second processor 1903 is configured to, when running the computer program, execute:
  • a sample value of the first component having the same position coordinates as the sample in the second image is obtained according to the index number of the sample in the first list and the bit depth of the first component.
  • the second processor 1903 is further configured to execute the aforementioned encoding method embodiment when running the computer program.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, including: a processor, adapted to execute a computer program; a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the encoding method and/or decoding method described in the embodiment of the present application is implemented.
  • the electronic device may be any type of device having video encoding and/or video decoding capabilities, for example, the electronic device is a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a personal computer, a television, a projection device, or a monitoring device.
  • object A and/or object B can mean: object A exists alone, object A and object B exist at the same time, and object B exists alone.
  • modules described above as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as modules may or may not be physical modules; they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units; some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the present embodiment.
  • all functional modules in the embodiments of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each module may be a separate unit, or two or more modules may be integrated into one unit; the above-mentioned integrated modules may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of hardware plus software functional units.
  • the above-mentioned integrated unit of the present application is implemented in the form of a software function module and sold or used as an independent product, it can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application can essentially or in other words, the part that contributes to the relevant technology can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including a number of instructions for enabling an electronic device to execute all or part of the methods described in each embodiment of the present application.
  • the aforementioned storage medium includes: various media that can store program codes, such as mobile storage devices, ROMs, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Compression Or Coding Systems Of Tv Signals (AREA)
  • Compression, Expansion, Code Conversion, And Decoders (AREA)

Abstract

编解码方法及装置、编解码器、码流、存储介质，其中，解码方法包括：解码点云码流，得到第一标志位；第一标志位用于表示当前点的至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数是否均为第一数值；当第一标志位表示至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数均为第一数值时，确定当前点的第二属性分量的第一属性系数等于第二属性分量的第二属性系数加1；第二属性分量的第二属性系数是从点云码流中解析得到的；第二属性分量与至少两个第一属性分量不同。

Description

编解码方法及装置、编解码器、码流、设备、存储介质 技术领域
本申请实施例涉及点云压缩技术，涉及但不限于编解码方法及装置、编解码器、码流、设备、存储介质。
背景技术
点云是空间中一组无规则分布的、表达三维物体或场景的空间结构及表面属性的离散点集。点云数据通常包括采样点的几何信息和属性信息；其中，几何信息包括采样点的三维位置信息(x,y,z)，属性信息包括采样点的颜色信息和/或一维反射率信息等。
点云可以灵活方便地表达三维物体或场景的空间结构及表面属性，并且由于点云通过直接对真实物体采样获得，在保证精度的前提下能够提供极强的真实感，因而应用广泛，其范围包括虚拟现实游戏、计算机辅助设计、地理信息系统、自动导航系统、数字文化遗产、自由视点广播、三维沉浸远程呈现和生物组织器官三维重建等。
伴随着应用需求的增长，海量三维(three Dimensional，3D)点云数据的处理遭遇存储空间和传输带宽限制的瓶颈。为更好地实现数据管理，节省服务器的存储空间，降低服务器与客户端之间的传输流量及传输时间，点云压缩成为促进点云产业发展的关键问题。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供的编解码方法及装置、编解码器、码流、设备、存储介质，旨在提高点云压缩系统中的编码效率和解码效率；本申请实施例提供的编解码处理方法及装置、编解码器、码流、设备、存储介质，是这样实现的：
根据本申请实施例的一个方面，提供一种编码方法，所述方法应用于编码器，所述方法包括：编码第一标志位至点云码流；其中，所述第一标志位用于表示当前点的至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数是否均为第一数值；当所述至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数均为第一数值时，编码所述当前点的第二属性分量的第二属性系数至点云码流；其中，所述第二属性系数等于所述第二属性分量的第一属性系数减1；所述第二属性分量与所述至少两个第一属性分量不同。
根据本申请实施例的另一方面，提供一种解码方法，所述方法应用于解码器，所述方法包括：解码点云码流，得到第一标志位；其中，所述第一标志位用于表示当前点的至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数是否均为第一数值；当所述第一标志位表示所述至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数均为第一数值时，确定所述当前点的第二属性分量的第一属性系数等于第二属性分量的第二属性系数加1；其中，所述第二属性分量的第二属性系数是从点云码流中解析得到的；所述第二属性分量与所述至少两个第一属性分量不同。
根据本申请实施例的又一方面，提供一种编码装置，应用于编码器，所述装置包括：编码模块，配置为编码第一标志位至点云码流；其中，所述第一标志位用于表示当前点的至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数是否均为第一数值；第二确定模块，配置为当所述至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数均为第一数值时，编码所述当前点的第二属性分量的第二属性系数至点云码流；其中，所述第二属性系数等于所述第二属性分量的第一属性系数减1；所述第二属性分量与所述至少两个第一属性分量不同。
根据本申请实施例的再一方面，提供一种编码器，包括第二存储器和第二处理器；其中，所述第二存储器，用于存储能够在所述第二处理器上运行的计算机程序；所述第二处理器，用于在运行所述计算机程序时，执行本申请实施例所述的编码方法。
根据本申请实施例的另一方面，提供一种点云码流，所述点云码流是通过本申请实施例所述的编码方法而生成的。
根据本申请实施例的又一方面，提供一种解码装置，应用于解码器，所述装置包括：解码模块，配置为解码点云码流，得到第一标志位；其中，所述第一标志位用于表示当前点的至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数是否均为第一数值；第一确定模块，配置为当所述第一标志位表示所述至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数均为第一数值时，确定所述当前点的第二属性分量的第一属性系数等于第二属性分量的第二属性系数加1；其中，所述第二属性分量的第二属性系数是从点云码流中解析得到的；所述第二属性分量与所述至少两个第一属性分量不同。
根据本申请实施例的再一方面，提供一种解码器，包括第一存储器和第一处理器；其中，所述第一存储器，用于存储能够在所述第一处理器上运行的计算机程序；所述第一处理器，用于在运行 所述计算机程序时，执行本申请实施例所述的解码方法。
根据本申请实施例的另一方面，提供电子设备，包括：处理器，适于执行计算机程序；计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质中存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序被所述处理器执行时，实现本申请实施例所述的解码方法，或者所述计算机程序被所述处理器执行时，实现本申请实施例所述的编码方法。
根据本申请实施例的又一方面，提供计算机可读存储介质，其中，所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序被执行时实现本申请实施例所述的解码方法、或者实现本申请实施例所述的编码方法。
在本申请实施例提供的编码方法中，编码第一标志位至点云码流，而第一标志位表示的是当前点的至少两个第一属性分量(而不是一个属性分量)的属性系数是否均为第一数值；当所述至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数均为第一数值时，编码所述当前点的第二属性分量的第二属性系数至点云码流；如此，相比于直接分别编码当前点的各个属性分量的属性系数，通过编码第一标志位实现对至少两个属性分量的属性系数的编码，能够减少编码的信息量，从而提高编码效率和节约码流开销；相应地，解码端的解码效率也得到提高。
应当理解的是，以上的一般描述和后文的细节描述仅是示例性和解释性的，并不能限制本申请。
附图说明
此处的附图被并入说明书中并构成本说明书的一部分，这些附图示出了符合本申请的实施例，并与说明书一起用于说明本申请的技术方案。显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
附图中所示的流程图仅是示例性说明，不是必须包括所有的内容和操作/步骤，也不是必须按所描述的顺序执行。例如，有的操作/步骤还可以分解，而有的操作/步骤可以合并或部分合并，因此实际执行的顺序有可能根据实际情况改变。
图1为某一三维点云图像的局部放大图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的MPEG G-PCC属性编解码框架中的编码器的结构示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的MPEG G-PCC属性编解码框架中的解码器的结构示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的AVS编码器的结构示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的AVS解码器的结构示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的编码方法的实现流程示意图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的另一编码方法的实现流程示意图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的又一编码方法的实现流程示意图；
图9为本申请实施例提供的解码方法的实现流程示意图；
图10为本申请实施例提供的另一解码方法的实现流程示意图；
图11为本申请实施例提供的又一解码方法的实现流程示意图；
图12为本申请实施例提供的再一编码方法的实现流程示意图；
图13为本申请实施例提供的再一解码方法的实现流程示意图；
图14为本申请实施例提供的另一编码方法的实现流程示意图；
图15为本申请实施例提供的另一解码方法的实现流程示意图；
图16为本申请实施例提供的编码装置的结构示意图；
图17为本申请实施例提供的解码装置的结构示意图；
图18为本申请实施例提供的解码器的结构示意图；
图19为本申请实施例提供的编码器的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请的具体技术方案做进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本申请，但不限制本申请的范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述本申请实施例的目的，不是旨在限制本申请。
在以下的描述中，涉及到“一些实施例”，其描述了所有可能实施例的子集，但是可以理解，“一些实施例”可以是所有可能实施例的相同子集或不同子集，并且可以在不冲突的情况下相互结合。
需要指出，本申请实施例所涉及的术语“第一\第二\第三”是为了区别类似或不同的对象，不代 表针对对象的特定排序，可以理解地，“第一\第二\第三”在允许的情况下可以互换特定的顺序或先后次序，以使这里描述的本申请实施例能够以除了在这里图示或描述的以外的顺序实施。
点云是空间中一组无规则分布的、表达三维物体或场景的空间结构及表面属性的离散点集，图1展示了某一三维点云图像的局部放大图，可以看到点云表面是由分布稠密的点所组成的。
二维图像在每一个像素点均有信息表达，分布规则，因此不需要额外记录其位置信息；然而，点云中的点在三维空间中的分布具有随机性和不规则性，因此需要记录每一个点在空间中的位置，才能完整地表达一幅点云。与二维图像类似，采集过程中每一个位置均有对应的属性信息，通常为RGB颜色值，颜色值反映物体的色彩。对于点云来说，每一个点所对应的属性信息除了颜色以外，还有比较常见的是反射率(reflectance)，反射率反映物体的表面材质。因此，点云通常包括三维位置信息所组成的几何信息(x,y,z)以及三维颜色信息(r,g,b)和一维反射率信息(r)等属性信息。
点云的采集主要有以下途径：计算机生成、3D激光扫描和3D摄影测量等。计算机可以生成虚拟三维物体及场景的点云；3D激光扫描可以获得静态现实世界三维物体或场景的点云，每秒可以获取百万级点云；3D摄影测量可以获得动态现实世界三维物体或场景的点云，每秒可以获取千万级点云。这些技术降低了点云数据的获取成本和时间周期，提高了数据的精度。点云数据获取方式的变革，使大量点云数据的获取成为可能，伴随着应用需求的增长，海量3D点云数据的处理遭遇存储空间和传输带宽限制的瓶颈。
以帧率为30fps(帧每秒)的点云视频为例，每帧点云的点数为70万，每个点具有float型的坐标信息(x,y,z)和uchar型的颜色信息(r,g,b)，则10s的点云视频的数据量大约为0.7million·(4Byte·3+1Byte·3)·30fps·10s＝3.15GB，而YUV采样格式为4:2:0，帧率为24fps的1280·720二维视频，其10s的数据量约为1280·720·12bit·24frames·10s≈0.33GB，10s的两视角3D视频的数据量约为0.33·2＝0.66GB。由此可见，点云视频的数据量远超过相同时长的二维视频和三维视频的数据量。因此，为更好地实现数据管理，节省服务器存储空间，降低服务器与客户端之间的传输流量及传输时间，点云压缩成为促进点云产业发展的关键问题。
在点云MPEG G-PCC编码器框架中，点云的几何信息和每点所对应的属性信息是分开进行编码的。G-PCC的参考软件属性编码框架可以分为基于Pred分支、基于PredLift分支和/或基于RAHT分支。
图2示出了MPEG G-PCC属性编解码框架中的编码器的结构，如图2所示，在几何编码过程中，对几何信息进行坐标转换，使点云全都包含在一个包围盒(Bounding Box)中，然后再进行量化，这一步量化主要起到缩放的作用，由于量化取整，使得一部分点云的几何信息相同，于是再基于参数来决定是否移除重复点，量化和移除重复点这一过程又被称为体素化过程。接着对Bounding Box进行八叉树划分或者预测树构建。在该过程中，针对划分的叶子节点中的点进行算术编码，生成二进制的几何比特流；或者，针对划分产生的交点(Vertex)进行算术编码(基于交点进行表面拟合)，生成二进制的几何比特流。在属性编码过程中，几何编码完成，对几何信息进行重建后，需要先进行颜色转换，将颜色信息(即属性信息)从RGB颜色空间转换到YUV颜色空间。然后，利用重建的几何信息对点云重新着色，使得未编码的属性信息与重建的几何信息对应起来。属性编码主要针对颜色信息进行，在颜色信息编码过程中，主要有两种变换方法，一是依赖于细节层次(Level of Detail，LOD)划分的基于距离的提升变换，二是直接进行区域自适应分层变换(Region Adaptive Hierarchal Transform，RAHT)，这两种方法都会将颜色信息从空间域转换到频域，通过变换得到高频系数和低频系数，最后对系数进行量化，得到量化系数；然后再对量化系数进行算术编码，可以生成二进制的属性比特流。
图3示出了MPEG G-PCC属性编解码框架中的解码器的结构，如图3所示，针对所获取的二进制比特流，首先对二进制比特流中的几何比特流和属性比特流分别进行独立解码。在对几何比特流的解码时，通过算术解码-重构八叉树/重构预测树-重建几何-坐标逆转换，得到点云的几何信息；在对属性比特流的解码时，通过算术解码-反量化-LOD划分/RAHT-颜色逆转换，得到点云的属性信息，基于几何信息和属性信息还原待编码的点云数据(即输出点云)。图2和图3所示的属性比特流和几何比特流可以理解为点云码流。
需要说明的是，在如2或图3所示，MPEG G-PCC的几何编解码可以分为基于八叉树的几何编解码(用虚线框标识)和基于预测树的几何编解码(用点划线框标识)。
G-PCC的通用测试条件如下：
1)测试条件共4种：条件1：几何位置无损、属性有损；条件2：几何位置有损、属性有损；
条件3：几何位置无损、属性无损；条件4：几何位置无损、属性有限度有损。
通用测试序列包括Cat1A、Cat1B、Cat3-fused和Cat3-frame共四类；其中，Cat2-frame点云只包含反射率属性信息，Cat1A和Cat1B点云只包含颜色属性信息，Cat3-fused点云同时包含颜色和反射率属性信息。
2)技术路线：以属性压缩所采用的算法进行区分供以下3种技术路线；其中，
技术路线1：Pred分支(针对条件3和条件4)：在编码端，利用Pred的预测方法得到属性残差系数，对属性残差系数进行熵编码；在解码端，熵解码得到属性残差系数，利用Pred的预测方法还原原始值。
技术路线2：Predlift分支(针对条件1和条件2)：在编码端，利用Predlift的方法得到属性变换系数，对属性变换系数进行熵编码；在解码端，熵解码得到属性变换系数，利用Predlift的变换方法还原原始值。
技术路线3：RAHT分支(针对条件1和条件2)：在编码端利用RAHT方法得到属性变换系数，对属性变换系数进行熵编码；在解码端，熵解码得到属性变换系数，利用RAHT方法还原原始值。
对于上述技术路线产生的属性残差系数(pred编码产生的属性残差系数)或者属性变换系数(predlift编码或者raht编码产生的属性变换系数)，进行属性熵编解码。
针对Pred而言：设颜色属性的三个分量分别为经过预测和量化的value0、value1和value2；其中，value0代表Y或者R的残差系数，value1代表U或者G的残差系数，value2代表V或者B的残差系数。
针对PredLift而言：设颜色属性三个分量分别为经过预测、变换和量化的value0、value1和value2；其中，value0代表Y或者R的变换系数，value1代表U或者G的变换系数，value2代表V或者B的变换系数。
针对RAHT而言：value0和value1和value2是经过RAHT变换和量化之后产生的变换系数。
针对Pred分支、PredLift分支和RAHT分支，采用的编解码流程如下描述：
那么，对于编码端，编码方法如下：
当value0＝value1＝value2＝0，利用run length进行编码，即编码run length，当value0、value1和value2不同时为0时，通过如下编码方法实现对value0、value1和value2的编码：
计算b0、b1、b2和b3；其中，b0代表value1的绝对值是否等于0，b1代表value1的绝对值是否小于等于1，b2代表value2的绝对值是否等于0，b3代表value2的绝对值是否小于等于1。
利用G-PCC的属性编码器对value1的绝对值采用固定的上下文进行编码；也可以理解为，G-PCC的属性编码器采用固定的上下文对value1的绝对值进行编码；
利用G-PCC的属性编码器对value2的绝对值采用b0和b1自适应地选取上下文进行编码；也可以理解为，G-PCC的属性编码器采用b0和b1自适应地选取的上下文对value2的绝对值进行编码。
当value1的绝对值和value2的绝对值同时等于0时，利用G-PCC的属性编码器对value0的绝对值减一采用b0、b1、b2和b3自适应地选取上下文进行编码；也可以理解为，G-PCC的属性编码器采用b0、b1、b2和b3自适应地选取的上下文对value0的绝对值减一进行编码；
当value1的绝对值和value2的绝对值不同时等于0时，利用G-PCC的属性编码器对value0的绝对值利用b0、b1、b2和b3自适应地选取上下文进行编码；也可以理解为，G-PCC的属性编码器利用b0、b1、b2和b3自适应地选取的上下文对value0的绝对值进行编码。
最后，如果value0的绝对值不为0，则编码其符号；如果value1的绝对值不为0，则编码其符号；如果value2的绝对值不为0，则编码其符号。
相应地，对于解码端，解码方法如下：
解码run length的值，当run length的值不为0时，即从当前点开始后续run length个点的value0＝value1＝value2都等于0。
当run length的值为0时，按照如下解码方法解码value0、value1和value2：
利用G-PCC的属性解码器对value1的绝对值利用固定的上下文进行解码；也可以理解为，G-PCC的属性解码器利用固定的上下文对value1的绝对值进行解码；
计算b0和b1；其中，b0代表value1的绝对值是否等于0，b1代表value1的绝对值是否小于等于1；
利用G-PCC的属性解码器对value2的绝对值利用b0和b1自适应地选取上下文进行解码；也可以理解为，G-PCC的属性解码器利用b0和b1自适应地选取的上下文对value2的绝对值进行解码；
计算b2和b3；其中，b2代表value2的绝对值是否等于0，b3代表value2的绝对值是否小于等于1；
利用G-PCC的属性解码器对value0的绝对值利用b0、b1、b2和b3自适应地选取上下文进行解码；可以理解为，G-PCC的属性解码器利用b0、b1、b2和b3自适应地选取的上下文对value0的绝对值进行解码；
当value1的绝对值和value2的绝对值同时等于0时，value0的绝对值最终值等于value0的绝对值解码值加一；
当value1的绝对值和value2的绝对值不同时等于0时，value0的绝对值最终值等于value0的绝对值解码值。
最后，如果value0的绝对值最终值不为0，则解码其符号；如果value1的绝对值最终值不为0，则解码其符号；如果value2的绝对值最终值不为0，则解码其符号。
在点云AVS PCC属性编码器框架中，点云的几何信息和每点所对应的属性信息是分开进行编码的。AVS PCC的参考软件属性编码框架可以分为基于Pred、基于Predtrans-资源受限、基于Predtrans-资源不受限以及基于Trans。
可以理解，在点云AVS编解码框架中，点云的几何信息和每点所对应的属性信息也是分开编码的。其中，图4示出了一种AVS编码器的结构示意图，图5示出了一种AVS解码器的结构示意图。
如图4所示，在AVS编码器的结构框架中，首先对几何信息进行坐标转换，使点云全都包含在一个Bounding Box中。在预处理过程之前，根据参数配置来决定是否要将整个点云序列划分成多个slice，对于每个划分的slice将其视为单个独立点云串行处理。预处理过程包含量化和移除重复点。量化主要起到缩放的作用，由于量化取整，使得一部分点的几何信息相同，根据参数来决定是否移除重复点。接下来，按照广度优先遍历的顺序对Bounding Box进行划分(八叉树/四叉树/二叉树)，对每个节点的占位码进行编码。在基于八叉树的几何编码中，将包围盒依次划分得到子立方体，对非空的(包含点云中的点)的子立方体继续进行划分，直到划分得到的叶子节点为1×1×1的单位立方体时停止划分，其次在几何无损编码的情况下，对叶子节点中所包含的点数进行编码，最终完成几何八叉树的编码，生成二进制的几何比特流(即几何码流)。图4所示的几何码流和属性码流可以理解为点云码流。
如图5所示，在AVS解码器的结构框架中，基于八叉树的几何解码过程，解码端按照广度优先遍历的顺序，通过不断解析得到每个节点的占位码，并且依次不断划分节点，直至划分得到1×1×1的单位立方体时停止划分，解析得到每个叶子节点中包含的点数，最终恢复得到几何信息。
在几何编码完成后，对几何信息进行重建。属性编码主要针对颜色信息和/或反射率信息进行。首先判断是否进行颜色空间的转换，若进行颜色空间转换，则将颜色信息从RGB颜色空间转换到YUV颜色空间。然后，利用原始点云对重建点云进行重着色，使得未编码的属性信息与重建的几何信息对应起来。在颜色信息编码中分为两个模块：属性预测与属性变换。属性预测过程如下：首先对点云进行重排序，然后进行差分预测。其中重排序的方法有两种：莫顿重排序和Hilbert重排序。对于Cat1A序列与Cat2序列，对其进行Hilbert重排序；对于Cat1B序列与Cat3序列，对其进行莫顿重排序。然后对排序之后的点云使用差分方式进行属性预测，最后对预测残差进行量化并熵编码，生成二进制的属性比特流。属性变换过程如下：首先对点云属性做小波变换，对变换系数做量化；其次通过逆量化、逆小波变换得到属性重建值；然后计算原始属性和属性重建值的差得到属性残差并对其量化；最后将量化后的变换系数和属性残差进行熵编码，生成二进制的属性比特流(即属性码流)。在AVS解码器的框架中，解码端对属性比特流进行熵解码-逆量化-属性预测补偿/属性逆变换-逆空间变换，最终恢复得到属性信息。
还可以理解，对于AVS编解码框架而言，通用测试条件如下：
1)测试条件共4种：条件1：几何位置有限度有损、属性有损；条件2：几何位置无损、属性有损；条件3：几何位置无损、属性有限度有损；条件4：几何位置无损、属性无损。
2)通用测试序列包括Cat1A、Cat1B、Cat1C、Cat2-frame和Cat3共五类；其中，Cat1A和Cat2-frame点云只包含反射率属性信息，Cat1B和Cat3点云只包含颜色属性信息，Cat1B点云同时包含颜色和反射率属性信息。
3)技术路线：以属性压缩所采用的算法进行区分共4以下4种技术路线。
技术路线1：Pred(预测)分支，属性压缩采用基于帧内预测的方法：
在编码端，按照一定的顺序(点云原始采集顺序、莫顿顺序或希尔伯特顺序等)处理点云中的点，先采用预测算法得到属性预测值，根据属性值和属性预测值得到属性残差，然后对属性残差进行量化，生成量化残差，最后对量化残差进行编码；
在解码端，按照一定的顺序(点云原始采集顺序、莫顿顺序或希尔伯特顺序等)处理点云中的 点，先采用预测算法得到属性预测值，然后解码获取量化残差，再对量化残差进行反量化，最后根据属性预测值和反量化后的残差，获得属性重建值。
技术路线2：基于Predtrans-资源受限(基于预测变换分支—资源受限)，属性压缩采用基于帧内预测和DCT变换的方法，在编码量化后的变换系数时，有最大点数M(如4096)的限制，即最多每M点为一组进行编码：
在编码端，按照一定的顺序(点云原始采集顺序、莫顿顺序或希尔伯特顺序等)处理点云中的点，先将整个点云分成长度最大为N(如2)的若干小组，然后将这若干个小组组合成若干个大组(每个大组中的点数不超过M，如4096)，然后采用预测算法得到属性预测值，根据属性值和属性预测值得到属性残差，以小组为单位对属性残差进行DCT变换，生成变换系数，再对变换系数进行量化，生成量化后的变换系数，最后以大组为单位对量化后的变换系数进行编码；
在解码端，按照一定的顺序(点云原始采集顺序、莫顿顺序或希尔伯特顺序等)处理点云中的点，先将整个点云分成长度最大为N(如2)的若干小组，然后将这若干个小组组合成若干个大组(每个大组中的点数不超过M，如4096)，以大组为单位解码获取量化后的变换系数，然后采用预测算法得到属性预测值，再以小组为单位对量化后的变换系数进行反量化、反变换，最后根据属性预测值和反量化、反变换后的系数，获得属性重建值。
技术路线3：基于Predtrans-资源不受限(基于预测变换分支—资源不受限)，属性压缩采用基于帧内预测和DCT变换的方法，在编码量化后的变换系数时，没有最大点数M的限制，即所有系数一起进行编码：
在编码端，按照一定的顺序(点云原始采集顺序、莫顿顺序或希尔伯特顺序等)处理点云中的点，先将整个点云分成长度最大为N(如2)的若干小组，然后采用预测算法得到属性预测值，根据属性值和属性预测值得到属性残差，以小组为单位对属性残差进行DCT变换，生成变换系数，再对变换系数进行量化，生成量化后的变换系数，最后对整个点云的量化后的变换系数进行编码；
在解码端，按照一定的顺序(点云原始采集顺序、莫顿顺序或希尔伯特顺序等)处理点云中的点，先将整个点云分成长度最大为N(如2)的若干小组，解码获取整个点云的量化后的变换系数，然后采用预测算法得到属性预测值，再以小组为单位对量化后的变换系数进行反量化、反变换，最后根据属性预测值和反量化、反变换后的系数，获得属性重建值。
技术路线4：基于Trans分支(多层变换分支)，属性压缩采用基于多层小波变换的方法：
在编码端，对整个点云进行多层小波变换，生成变换系数，然后对变换系数进行量化，生成量化后的变换系数，最后对整个点云的量化后的变换系数进行编码；
在解码端，解码获取整个点云的量化后的变换系数，然后对量化后的变换系数进行反量化、反变换，获得属性重建值。
对于上述技术路线产生的属性残差系数(Pred编码产生的属性残差系数)或者属性变换系数(Predtrans-资源受限，Predtrans-资源不受限，Trans)，进行属性熵编解码。
上述属性熵编码的方式为：
针对Pred而言：经过预测量化之后的value0、value1和value2，value0代表Y或者R的残差系数，value1代表U或者G的残差系数，value2代表V或者B的残差系数。
针对Predtrans-资源受限和Predtrans-资源不受限而言：value0、value1和value2是经过变换量化之后的DC直流系数以及AC交流系数，也称之为变换系数。
针对Trans而言：value0、value1和value2是经过多层变换量化之后的变换系数。
AVS PCC的编解码方案描述如下：
对于编码端，编码方法描述如下：
1.利用固定的上下文编码一个标志位，该标志位代表value1是否等于0；
2.如果value1等于0，继续利用固定的上下文编码一个标志位，该标志位代表value0是否等于0；
1)如果value1以及value0都等于0，利用固定的上下文编码value2的绝对值减1，以及编码其符号；
2)如果value1等于0但value0不等于0，利用固定的上下文编码value0的绝对值减1，以及编码其符号，继续利用固定的上下文编码value2和其符号；
3.如果value1不等于0，利用固定的上下文编码value1的绝对值减1，以及编码其符号，继续利用固定的上下文编码value0，以及编码其符号；继续利用固定的上下文编码value2，以及编码其符号。
对于解码端，解码方法描述如下：
1.利用固定的上下文解码一个标志位，该标志位代表value1是否等于0；
2.如果value1等于0，继续利用固定的上下文解码一个标志位，该标志位代表value0是否等于0；
1)如果value1以及value0都等于0，利用固定的上下文解码value2的绝对值，以及解码其符号，value2的绝对值最终值等于value2的绝对值解码值加1；
2)如果value1等于0但value0不等于0，利用固定的上下文解码value0的绝对值，以及解码其符号，继续利用固定的上下文解码value2，以及解码其符号；其中，value0的绝对值最终值等于value0的绝对值解码值加1；
3.如果value1不等于0，利用固定的上下文解码value1的绝对值，以及解码其符号，继续利用固定的上下文解码value0，以及解码其符号；继续利用固定的上下文解码value2，以及解码其符号；其中，value1的绝对值最终值等于value0的绝对值解码值加1。
如上编码value值，即value0、value1和value2都是逐一的编码，而在如下实施例中，考虑到了联合编码，即可以利用一个标志位来同时编码value1和value2。同时利用已经编码的值进行自适应地选择上下文进行编码，从而节约码字。解码端也是类似的原理。
有鉴于此，本申请实施例先提供一种编码方法，该方法可以应用于图2所示的编码器中属性编码部分的算术编码中，也可以应用于图4所示的编码器中属性编码部分的熵编码中。当然，也不限定于仅应用于图2和图4所示的编码器中。本申请实施例描述的编码器、解码器的框架以及业务场景是为了更加清楚的说明本申请实施例的技术方案，并不构成对于本申请实施例提供的技术方案的限定。本领域普通技术人员可知，随着编码器、解码器的演变以及新业务场景的出现，本申请实施例提供的技术方案对于类似的技术问题，同样适用。
图6为本申请实施例提供的编码方法的实现流程示意图，如图6所示，该方法包括如下步骤601和步骤602：
步骤601，编码器编码第一标志位至点云码流；其中，所述第一标志位用于表示当前点的至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数(attribute coefficent)是否均为第一数值。
在本申请实施例中，对于第一标志位的比特数不做限定，可以是一个比特也可以是多个比特。例如，当用一个比特编码第一标志位时，第一标志位等于0，表示当前点的至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数均为第一数值；第一标志位等于1，表示当前点的至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数中的至少之一不为第一数值；或者，第一标志位等于1，表示当前点的至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数均为第一数值；第一标志位等于0，表示当前点的至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数中的至少之一不为第一数值。
步骤602，当所述至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数均为第一数值时，编码器编码所述当前点的第二属性分量的第二属性系数至点云码流；其中，所述第二属性系数等于所述第二属性分量的第一属性系数减1；所述第二属性分量与所述至少两个第一属性分量不同。
在本申请实施例中，对于第一数值不做限定。在一些实施例中，第一数值等于0。
在本申请实施例中，编码器编码第一标志位至点云码流，而第一标志位表示的是当前点的至少两个第一属性分量(而不是一个属性分量)的属性系数是否均为第一数值；当所述至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数均为第一数值时，编码所述当前点的第二属性分量的第二属性系数至点云码流；如此，相比于直接分别编码当前点的各个属性分量的属性系数，通过编码第一标志位实现对至少两个属性分量的属性系数的编码，能够减少编码的信息量，从而提高编码效率和节约码流开销；相应地，解码端的解码效率也得到提高。
需要说明的是，在G-PCC编解码框架中，针对Pred而言：第一属性系数代表属性残差系数，针对PredLift和针对RAHT而言：第一属性系数代表属性变换系数。在AVS编解码框架中，针对Pred而言：第一属性系数代表属性残差系数。针对Predtrans-资源受限、Predtrans-资源不受限和Trans而言：第一属性系数代表属性变换系数。当然，本申请实施例所述的第一属性系数也不限定于上述系数，总之是熵编解码或算术编解码等上一步骤输出的系数即可。
本申请实施例再提供一种编码方法，图7为本申请实施例提供的另一编码方法的实现流程示意图，如图7所示，该方法包括如下步骤700至步骤710：
步骤700，编码器编码第一参数至点云码流。
其中，在一些实施例中，所述第一参数用于表示每一属性系数均为第一数值的连续点的个数。在一些实施例中，第一参数可以理解为runlength。可以理解，runlength代表连续runlength组(每n 个为一组，如n等于3)属性系数同时为0或者连续runlength个点的n个属性系数(如n等于3)同时为0。也就是说，第一参数表示每一属性系数均为0的连续采样点或连续采样点组的数目。runlength＝0代表当前组的各个属性分量的属性系数不同时为0或者当前点的各个属性分量的属性系数不同时为0。首先，编码器编码runlength，当runlength等于0的情况下，进入下述编码方案中，从而节约码字。
在另一些实施例中，所述第一参数用于表示每一属性系数均为第一数值的连续组的个数。例如在DCT变换中：DCT变换中runlength代表m1个点进行DCT变换输出k1个变换系数(其中每n(如n等于3)个为一组)，runlength不为0代表连续的runlength个组的变换系数都为0。runlength为0代表当前组的n(如n等于3)个变换系数不全为0。又如在RAHT变换中：RAHT变换中runlength代表m2个点进行RAHT变换输出k2个变换系数(其中每n(如n等于3)个为一组)，runlength不为0代表连续的runlength个组的变换系数都为0。runlength为0代表当前组的n(如n等于3)个变换系数不全为0。
步骤701，当每一属性分量均为第一数值的点数等于第一数值时，编码器编码所述第一标志位至点云码流；其中，所述第一标志位用于表示当前点的至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数是否均为第一数值。
在一些实施例中，第一数值等于0。
在步骤701中，在一些实施例中，编码器利用第一上下文编码所述第一标志位。进一步地，在一些实施例中，第一上下文为固定的上下文(context model)。
步骤702，编码器确定所述至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数是否均为第一数值；如果是，执行步骤703；否则，执行步骤704；也就是说，当所述至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数中的至少之一不为第一数值时，执行步骤704。
步骤703，编码器编码所述当前点的第二属性分量的第二属性系数至点云码流；其中，所述第二属性系数等于所述第二属性分量的第一属性系数减1；所述第二属性分量与所述至少两个第一属性分量不同；
在步骤703中，在一些实施例中，编码器利用第二上下文编码所述第二属性系数。进一步地，在一些实施例中，第二上下文为固定的上下文。
步骤704，编码器编码第二标志位至点云码流，进入步骤705；
其中，所述第二标志位用于表示所述至少两个第一属性分量中的至少一个第一属性分量的属性系数是否为所述第一数值。
在一些实施例中，编码器可以利用第十一上下文编码第二标志位。进一步地，在一些实施例中，第十一上下文为固定的上下文。
步骤705，编码器确定所述至少两个第一属性分量中的至少一个第一属性分量的属性系数是否为所述第一数值；如果是，执行步骤706；否则，执行步骤708；也就是说，当所述至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数中的至少之一不为所述第一数值时，执行步骤708。
步骤706，编码器编码所述至少两个第一属性分量中不同于所述至少一个第一属性分量的第一属性分量的第四属性系数至点云码流，进入步骤707；
其中，所述第四属性系数等于所述不同于所述至少一个第一属性分量的第一属性分量的第三属性系数减1。
在步骤706中，在一些实施例中，编码器利用第三上下文编码所述第四属性系数。进一步地，在一些实施例中，第三上下文为固定的上下文。
步骤707，编码器编码所述第二属性分量的第五属性系数至点云码流。
在步骤707中，在一些实施例中，编码器利用所述第三属性系数或所述第四属性系数，选取第四上下文；利用所述第四上下文编码所述第五属性系数。
进一步地，在一些实施例中，编码器判断第三属性系数或第四属性系数的绝对值是否等于1以及第三属性系数或第四属性系数的绝对值是否大于或等于2，基于此自适应地选取第四上下文；或者，在另一些实施例中，编码器判断第三属性系数或第四属性系数的绝对值是否等于1以及第三属性系数或第四属性系数的绝对值是否小于或等于2，基于此自适应地选取第四上下文。
步骤708，编码器编码所述至少一个第一属性分量的第七属性系数至点云码流，进入步骤709；其中，所述第七属性系数等于所述至少一个第一属性分量的第六属性系数减1。
在步骤708中，在一些实施例中，编码器利用第五上下文编码所述至少一个第一属性分量的第七属性系数。进一步地，在一些实施例中，第五上下文为固定的上下文。
步骤709，编码器编码所述至少两个第一属性分量中不同于所述至少一个第一属性分量的第一属性分量的第八属性系数至点云码流，进入步骤710。
在步骤709中，在一些实施例中，编码器利用所述第六属性系数或所述第七属性系数，选取第六上下文；利用所述第六上下文编码所述不同于所述至少一个第一属性分量的第一属性分量的第八属性系数。
进一步地，在一些实施例中，编码器判断第六属性系数或第七属性系数的绝对值是否等于1以及第六属性系数或第七属性系数的绝对值是否大于或等于2，基于此自适应地选取第六上下文；或者，在另一些实施例中，编码器判断第六属性系数或第七属性系数的绝对值是否等于1以及第六属性系数或第七属性系数的绝对值是否小于或等于2，基于此自适应地选取第六上下文。
步骤710，编码器编码所述第二属性分量的第九属性系数至点云码流。
在步骤710中，在一些实施例中，编码器利用所述第六属性系数或所述第七属性系数中的之一，和/或所述第八属性系数，选取第七上下文；利用所述第七上下文编码所述第二属性分量的第九属性系数。
例如，利用第六属性系数和第八属性系数，选取第七上下文；又如，利用第七属性系数和第八属性系数，选取第七上下文；再如，利用第六属性系数或第七属性系数，选取第七上下文；又如，利用第八属性系数，选取第七上下文。
进一步地，在一些实施例中，编码器判断第六属性系数或第七属性系数的绝对值是否等于1，以及第六属性系数或第七属性系数的绝对值是否大于或等于2，和判断第八属性系数的绝对值是否等于0，以及第八属性系数的绝对值是否大于或等于1来共同自适应地选择第七上下文。
或者，在另一些实施例中，编码器判断第六属性系数或第七属性系数的绝对值是否等于1，以及第六属性系数或第七属性系数的绝对值是否小于或等于2，和判断第八属性系数的绝对值是否等于0，以及第八属性系数的绝对值是否小于或等于1来共同自适应地选择第七上下文。
本申请实施例再提供一种编码方法，图8为本申请实施例提供的又一编码方法的实现流程示意图，如图8所示，该方法包括如下步骤800至步骤806：
步骤800，编码器编码第一参数至点云码流。
其中，在一些实施例中，所述第一参数用于表示每一属性系数均为第一数值的连续点的个数。在另一些实施例中，所述第一参数用于表示每一属性系数均为第一数值的连续组的个数。
步骤801，当每一属性分量均为第一数值的点数等于第一数值时，编码器编码所述第一标志位至点云码流；其中，所述第一标志位用于表示当前点的至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数是否均为第一数值。
在一些实施例中，第一数值等于0。
在步骤801中，在一些实施例中，编码器利用第一上下文编码所述第一标志位。进一步地，在一些实施例中，第一上下文为固定的上下文。
步骤802，编码器确定所述至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数是否均为第一数值；如果是，执行步骤803；否则，执行步骤804；也就是说，当所述至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数中的至少之一不为第一数值时，执行步骤804；
步骤803，编码器编码所述当前点的第二属性分量的第二属性系数至点云码流；其中，所述第二属性系数等于所述第二属性分量的第一属性系数减1；所述第二属性分量与所述至少两个第一属性分量不同。
在步骤803中，在一些实施例中，编码器利用第二上下文编码所述第二属性系数。进一步地，在一些实施例中，第二上下文为固定的上下文。
步骤804，编码器编码所述至少两个第一属性分量中的至少一个第一属性分量的第十属性系数至点云码流，进入步骤805；
在步骤804中，在一些实施例中，编码器利用第八上下文编码所述第十属性系数。进一步地，在一些实施例中，第八上下文为固定的上下文。
步骤805，编码器利用所述第十属性系数编码所述至少两个第一属性分量中不同于所述至少一个第一属性分量的第一属性分量的第十一属性系数至点云码流，进入步骤806；
在步骤805中，在一些实施例中，编码器利用所述第十属性系数，选取第九上下文；利用所述第九上下文编码所述第十一属性系数。
进一步地，在一些实施例中，编码器判断第十属性系数的绝对值是否等于1以及第十属性系数的绝对值是否大于或等于2，基于此自适应地选取第九上下文；或者，在另一些实施例中，编码器 判断第十属性系数的绝对值是否等于1以及第十属性系数的绝对值是否小于或等于2，基于此自适应地选取第九上下文。
步骤806，编码器利用所述第十属性系数和所述第十一属性系数编码所述第二属性分量的第十二属性系数至点云码流。
在步骤806中，在一些实施例中，编码器利用所述第十属性系数和所述第十一属性系数，选取第十上下文；利用所述第十上下文编码所述第十二属性系数。
进一步地，在一些实施例中，编码器判断第十属性系数的绝对值是否等于1，以及第十属性系数的绝对值是否大于或等于2，和判断第十一属性系数的绝对值是否等于0，以及第十一属性系数的绝对值是否大于或等于1，基于此，自适应地选取第十上下文；或者，在另一些实施例中，编码器判断第十属性系数的绝对值是否等于1，以及第十属性系数的绝对值是否小于或等于2，和判断第十一属性系数的绝对值是否等于0，以及第十一属性系数的绝对值是否小于或等于1，基于此，自适应地选取第十上下文。
在一些实施例中，在上述任一实施例所述的编码方法中，还包括：当任一所述属性分量的属性系数最终值不为第一数值时，编码所述任一所述属性分量的属性系数最终值的符号；所述符号用于表示对应的属性系数最终值是正数还是负数。有鉴于此，上文提到的属性系数均是指的属性系数绝对值。
在一些实施例中，属性系数(这里是指未减一的属性系数)，即第一属性系数、第三属性系数、第五属性系数、第六属性系数、第八属性系数、第九属性系数、第十属性系数、第十一属性系数和第十二属性系数均是根据Pred、Predlift、RAHT、Predtrans-资源受限、Predtrans-资源不受限和Trans方法中之一确定的。
需要说明的是，在G-PCC编解码框架中，针对Pred而言：第一属性系数、第三属性系数、第五属性系数、第六属性系数、第八属性系数、第九属性系数、第十属性系数、第十一属性系数和第十二属性系数代表属性残差系数，针对PredLift和针对RAHT而言：第一属性系数、第三属性系数、第五属性系数、第六属性系数、第八属性系数、第九属性系数、第十属性系数、第十一属性系数和第十二属性系数代表属性变换系数。在AVS编解码框架中，针对Pred而言：第一属性系数、第三属性系数、第五属性系数、第六属性系数、第八属性系数、第九属性系数、第十属性系数、第十一属性系数和第十二属性系数代表属性残差系数。针对Predtrans-资源受限、Predtrans-资源不受限和Trans而言：第一属性系数、第三属性系数、第五属性系数、第六属性系数、第八属性系数、第九属性系数、第十属性系数、第十一属性系数和第十二属性系数代表属性变换系数。当然，对于本申请实施例所述的属性系数类型也不限定于上述系数，总之是熵编解码或算术编解码等上一步骤输出的系数即可。
在一些实施例中，所述编码方法还包括：至少根据所述属性分量的属性系数，得到所述属性分量的属性重建值；其中，所述属性分量的属性系数为以下之一：第一属性系数、第三属性系数、第五属性系数、第六属性系数、第八属性系数、第九属性系数、第十属性系数、第十一属性系数、第十二属性系数。
相应地，本申请实施例提供一种解码方法，该方法可以应用于图3所示的解码器中属性解码部分的算术解码中，也可以应用于图5所示的解码器中属性解码部分的熵解码中。当然，也不限定于仅应用于图3和图5所示的解码器中。本申请实施例描述的编码器、解码器的框架以及业务场景是为了更加清楚的说明本申请实施例的技术方案，并不构成对于本申请实施例提供的技术方案的限定。本领域普通技术人员可知，随着编码器、解码器的演变以及新业务场景的出现，本申请实施例提供的技术方案对于类似的技术问题，同样适用。
图9为本申请实施例提供的解码方法的实现流程示意图，如图9所示，包括如下步骤901和步骤902：
步骤901，解码器解码点云码流，得到第一标志位；其中，所述第一标志位用于表示当前点的至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数是否均为第一数值；
步骤902，当所述第一标志位表示所述至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数均为第一数值时，解码器确定所述当前点的第二属性分量的第一属性系数等于第二属性分量的第二属性系数加1；其中，所述第二属性分量的第二属性系数是从点云码流中解析得到的；所述第二属性分量与所述至少两个第一属性分量不同。
在一些实施例中，第一数值等于0。
在本申请实施例中，由于第一标志位表示的是当前点的至少两个第一属性分量(而不是一个属 性分量)的属性系数是否均为第一数值；当第一标志位表示所述至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数均为第一数值时，解码所述当前点的第二属性分量的第二属性系数即可，而无需解码当前点的每一属性分量的属性系数，从而提高了点云压缩的解码效率。
本申请实施例再提供一种解码方法，图10为本申请实施例提供的另一解码方法的实现流程示意图，如图10所示，该方法包括如下步骤1001至步骤1011：
步骤1001，解码器解码点云码流，得到第一参数。
其中，在一些实施例中，所述第一参数用于表示每一属性系数均为第一数值的连续点的个数。第一参数可以理解为runlength。可以理解，runlength代表连续runlength组(每n个为一组，n取3)属性系数同时为0或者连续runlength个点的n个属性系数(n取3)同时为0。也就是说，第一参数表示每一属性系数均为0的连续采样点或连续采样点组的数目。runlength＝0代表当前组的第一属性系数，第二属性系数和第三属性系数不同时为0或者当前点的第一属性系数，第二属性系数和第三属性系数不同时为0。首先，解码器解码runlength，当runlength等于0的情况下，进入下述解码方案中。
在另一些实施例中，所述第一参数用于表示每一属性系数均为第一数值的连续组的个数。例如在DCT变换中：DCT变换中runlength代表m1个点进行DCT变换输出k1个变换系数(其中，每n(如n等于3)个为一组)，runlength不为0代表连续的runlength个组的变换系数都为0。runlength为0代表当前组的n(如n等于3)个变换系数不全为0。又如在RAHT变换中：RAHT变换中runlength代表m2个点进行RAHT变换输出k2个变换系数(其中每n(如n等于3)个为一组)，runlength不为0代表连续的runlength个组的变换系数都为0。runlength为0代表当前组的n(如n等于3)个变换系数不全为0。
步骤1002，当所述第一参数等于第一数值时，解码器解码点云码流，得到第一标志位；其中，所述第一标志位用于表示当前点的至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数是否均为第一数值。
在一些实施例中，第一数值等于0。
在步骤1002中，在一些实施例中，解码器利用第一上下文解码所述点云码流，得到所述第一标志位。
步骤1003，解码器确定所述第一标志位表示当前点的至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数是否均为第一数值；如果是，执行步骤1004；否则，执行步骤1005；也就是说，当所述第一标志位表示所述至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数中的至少之一不为所述第一数值时，执行步骤1005。
步骤1004，解码器确定所述当前点的第二属性分量的第一属性系数等于第二属性分量的第二属性系数加1；其中，所述第二属性分量的第二属性系数是从点云码流中解析得到的；所述第二属性分量与所述至少两个第一属性分量不同。
在步骤1004中，在一些实施例中，解码器利用第二上下文解码所述点云码流，得到所述第二属性系数。
步骤1005，解码器确定第二标志位，进入步骤1006；其中，所述第二标志位用于表示所述至少两个第一属性分量中的至少一个第一属性分量的属性系数是否为所述第一数值。
在步骤1005中，在一些实施例中，解码器解码点云码流，得到第二标志位。进一步地，在一些实施例中，解码器可以利用第十一上下文解码点云码流，得到第二标志位。更进一步地，在一些实施例中，第十一上下文为固定的上下文。
步骤1006，解码器确定所述第二标志位表示所述至少两个第一属性分量中的至少一个第一属性分量的属性系数是否为所述第一数值；如果是，执行步骤1007；否则，执行步骤1009；也就是说，当所述第二标志位表示所述至少一个第一属性分量的属性系数不为第一数值时，执行步骤1009。
步骤1007，解码器确定所述至少两个第一属性分量中不同于所述至少一个第一属性分量的第一属性分量的第三属性系数等于不同于所述至少一个第一属性分量的第一属性分量的第四属性系数加1，所述第四属性系数是从点云码流中解析得到的；进入步骤1008。
在步骤1007中，在一些实施例中，解码器利用第三上下文解码点云码流，得到所述第四属性系数。
步骤1008，解码器确定所述第二属性分量的第五属性系数；其中，所述第五属性系数是从点云码流中解析得到的。
在步骤1008中，在一些实施例中，解码器利用所述第三属性系数或所述第四属性系数，选取第四上下文；利用所述第四上下文解码所述点云码流，得到所述第五属性系数。
步骤1009，解码器确定所述至少一个第一属性分量的第六属性系数等于至少一个第一属性分量 的第七属性系数加1，所述第七属性系数是从点云码流中解析得到的；进入步骤1010。
在步骤1009中，在一些实施例中，解码器利用第五上下文解码点云码流，得到所述至少一个第一属性分量的第七属性系数。
步骤1010，解码器确定所述至少两个第一属性分量中不同于所述至少一个第一属性分量的第一属性分量的第八属性系数，进入步骤1011；其中，所述第八属性系数是从点云码流中解析得到的。
在步骤1010中，在一些实施例中，解码器利用所述第六属性系数或所述第七属性系数，选取第六上下文；利用所述第六上下文解码点云码流，得到所述不同于所述至少一个第一属性分量的第一属性分量的第八属性系数。
步骤1011，解码器确定所述第二属性分量的第九属性系数；其中，所述第九属性系数是从点云码流中解析得到的。
在步骤1011中，在一些实施例中，解码器利用所述第六属性系数或所述第七属性系数中的之一，和/或所述第八属性系数，选取第七上下文；利用所述第七上下文解码点云码流，得到所述第二属性分量的第九属性系数。
本申请实施例再提供一种解码方法，图11为本申请实施例提供的又一解码方法的实现流程示意图，如图11所示，该方法包括如下步骤1101至步骤1107：
步骤1101，解码器解码点云码流，得到第一参数。
其中，在一些实施例中，所述第一参数用于表示每一属性系数均为第一数值的连续点的个数。在另一些实施例中，所述第一参数用于表示每一属性系数均为第一数值的连续组的个数。
步骤1102，当所述第一参数等于第一数值时，解码器解码点云码流，得到第一标志位；其中，所述第一标志位用于表示当前点的至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数是否均为第一数值；
在步骤1102中，在一些实施例中，解码器利用第一上下文解码所述点云码流，得到所述第一标志位。
步骤1103，解码器确定所述第一标志位表示当前点的至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数是否均为第一数值；如果是，执行步骤1104；否则，执行步骤1105；也就是说，当所述第一标志位表示所述至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数中的至少之一不为所述第一数值时，执行步骤1105。
步骤1104，解码器确定所述当前点的第二属性分量的第一属性系数等于第二属性分量的第二属性系数加1；其中，所述第二属性分量的第二属性系数是从点云码流中解析得到的；所述第二属性分量与所述至少两个第一属性分量不同。
在步骤1104中，在一些实施例中，解码器利用第二上下文解码所述点云码流，得到所述第二属性系数。
步骤1105，解码器解码点云码流，得到所述至少两个第一属性分量中的至少一个第一属性分量的第十属性系数，进入步骤1106；
在步骤1105中，在一些实施例中，解码器利用第八上下文解码点云码流，得到所述第十属性系数。
步骤1106，解码器利用所述第十属性系数解码点云码流，得到所述至少两个第一属性分量中不同于所述至少一个第一属性分量的第一属性分量的第十一属性系数，进入步骤1107；
在步骤1106中，在一些实施例中，解码器利用所述第十属性系数，选取第九上下文；利用所述第九上下文解码点云码流，得到所述第十一属性系数。
步骤1107，解码器利用所述第十属性系数和所述第十一属性系数解码点云码流，得到所述第二属性分量的第十二属性系数。
在步骤1107中，在一些实施例中，解码器利用所述第十属性系数和所述第十一属性系数，选取第十上下文；利用所述第十上下文解码点云码流，得到所述第十二属性系数。
在一些实施例中，在上述任一实施例所述的解码方法中，还包括：当任一所述属性分量的属性系数最终值不为第一数值时，解码点云码流，得到所述任一所述属性分量的属性系数最终值的符号；所述符号用于表示对应的属性系数最终值是正数还是负数。
在一些实施例中，属性系数(对于解码端而言，这里是指属性系数最终值)，即第一属性系数、第三属性系数、第五属性系数、第六属性系数、第八属性系数、第九属性系数、第十属性系数、第十一属性系数和第十二属性系数均是根据Pred、Predlift、RAHT、Predtrans-资源受限、Predtrans-资源不受限和Trans方法中之一确定的。
需要说明的是，在G-PCC编解码框架中，针对Pred而言：第一属性系数、第三属性系数、第五属性系数、第六属性系数、第八属性系数、第九属性系数、第十属性系数、第十一属性系数和第 十二属性系数代表属性残差系数，针对PredLift和针对RAHT而言：第一属性系数、第三属性系数、第五属性系数、第六属性系数、第八属性系数、第九属性系数、第十属性系数、第十一属性系数和第十二属性系数代表属性变换系数。在AVS编解码框架中，针对Pred而言：第一属性系数、第三属性系数、第五属性系数、第六属性系数、第八属性系数、第九属性系数、第十属性系数、第十一属性系数和第十二属性系数代表属性残差系数。针对Predtrans-资源受限、Predtrans-资源不受限和Trans而言：第一属性系数、第三属性系数、第五属性系数、第六属性系数、第八属性系数、第九属性系数、第十属性系数、第十一属性系数和第十二属性系数代表属性变换系数。当然，对于本申请实施例所述的属性系数类型也不限定于上述系数，总之是熵编解码或算术编解码等上一步骤输出的系数即可。
在一些实施例中，所述解码方法还包括：至少根据所述属性分量的属性系数，得到所述属性分量的属性重建值；所述属性分量的属性系数为以下之一：第一属性系数、第三属性系数、第五属性系数、第六属性系数、第八属性系数、第九属性系数、第十属性系数、第十一属性系数、第十二属性系数。
需要说明的是，在本申请实施例提供的编解码方案中，对于当前点的所述至少两个第一属性分量和当前点的第二属性分量的类型不做限定，对于所述第一属性分量的数目也不做限定。在一些实施例中，对于颜色属性而言，所述至少两个第一属性分量可以包括Y分量、U分量和V分量中的任意两个分量，或者所述至少两个第一属性分量可以包括R分量、G分量和B分量中的任意两个分量；相应地，所述第二属性分量为上述三分量中不同于所述至少两个第一属性分量的其余分量。
另外，对于所述至少两个第一属性分量中所述至少一个第一属性分量的类型和所述至少两个第一属性分量中不同于所述至少一个第一属性分量的第一属性分量的类型也不做限定，可以是Y分量、U分量和V分量中的任一分量，或者也可以是R分量、G分量和B分量中的任一分量。
举例而言，在一些实施例中，所述至少两个第一属性分量包括U分量和V分量，所述第二属性分量包括Y分量，基于此，进一步地，在一些实施例中，所述至少两个第一属性分量中所述至少一个第一属性分量包括U分量，所述至少两个第一属性分量中不同于所述至少一个第一属性分量的第一属性分量为V分量；或者，在另一些实施例中，所述至少两个第一属性分量中所述至少一个第一属性分量包括V分量，所述至少两个第一属性分量中不同于所述至少一个第一属性分量的第一属性分量为U分量。
在一些实施例中，所述至少两个第一属性分量包括U分量和Y分量，所述第二属性分量包括V分量，基于此，进一步地，在一些实施例中，所述至少两个第一属性分量中所述至少一个第一属性分量包括U分量，所述至少两个第一属性分量中不同于所述至少一个第一属性分量的第一属性分量为Y分量；或者，在另一些实施例中，所述至少两个第一属性分量中所述至少一个第一属性分量包括Y分量，所述至少两个第一属性分量中不同于所述至少一个第一属性分量的第一属性分量为U分量。
在一些实施例中，所述至少两个第一属性分量包括V分量和Y分量，所述第二属性分量包括U分量，基于此，进一步地，在一些实施例中，所述至少两个第一属性分量中所述至少一个第一属性分量包括V分量，所述至少两个第一属性分量中不同于所述至少一个第一属性分量的第一属性分量为Y分量；或者，在另一些实施例中，所述至少两个第一属性分量中所述至少一个第一属性分量包括Y分量，所述至少两个第一属性分量中不同于所述至少一个第一属性分量的第一属性分量为V分量。
同样地，在一些实施例中，所述至少两个第一属性分量包括R分量和G分量，所述第二属性分量包括B分量，基于此，进一步地，在一些实施例中，所述至少两个第一属性分量中所述至少一个第一属性分量包括R分量，所述至少两个第一属性分量中不同于所述至少一个第一属性分量的第一属性分量为G分量；或者，在另一些实施例中，所述至少两个第一属性分量中所述至少一个第一属性分量包括G分量，所述至少两个第一属性分量中不同于所述至少一个第一属性分量的第一属性分量为R分量。
在一些实施例中，所述至少两个第一属性分量包括R分量和B分量，所述第二属性分量包括V分量，基于此，进一步地，在一些实施例中，所述至少两个第一属性分量中所述至少一个第一属性分量包括R分量，所述至少两个第一属性分量中不同于所述至少一个第一属性分量的第一属性分量为B分量；或者，在另一些实施例中，所述至少两个第一属性分量中所述至少一个第一属性分量包括B分量，所述至少两个第一属性分量中不同于所述至少一个第一属性分量的第一属性分量为R分量。
在一些实施例中，所述至少两个第一属性分量包括G分量和B分量，所述第二属性分量包括R分量，基于此，进一步地，在一些实施例中，所述至少两个第一属性分量中所述至少一个第一属性分量包括G分量，所述至少两个第一属性分量中不同于所述至少一个第一属性分量的第一属性分量为B分量；或者，在另一些实施例中，所述至少两个第一属性分量中所述至少一个第一属性分量包括B分量，所述至少两个第一属性分量中不同于所述至少一个第一属性分量的第一属性分量为G分量。
还需要说明的是，上述与图9相关的解码方法与图6相关的编码方法相对应，上述与图10相关的解码方法与图7相关的编码方法相对应，上述与图11相关的解码方法与图8相关的编码方法相对应。因此，对于解码方法中未披露的技术细节，请参照上述编码方法中相应说明和描述而理解。这里为了节约篇幅，避免重复描述，对于解码方法侧的一些技术细节不再说明和描述。
在一些实施例中，可以用一个1比特的标志位来表示是否开启本申请实施例提供的编码方法，这个标志位放在高层语法元素的头信息attribute header中，这个标志位在一些特定的条件下有条件的分析；如果这个标志位不出现在码流中，其默认值为一个固定的值，也就是说，如果这个标志位不出现在码流中，则默认开启/使用本申请实施例提供的编码方法；或者，如果这个标志位不出现在码流中，则默认不开启/不使用本申请实施例提供的编码方法。
同理，解码端需要解码该标志位，如果这个标志位不出现在码流中，则不解码，其默认值为一个固定的值，也就是说，如果这个标志位不出现在码流中，则默认开启/使用本申请实施例提供的解码方法；或者，如果这个标志位不出现在码流中，则默认不开启/不使用本申请实施例提供的解码方法。
下面将说明本申请实施例在一个实际的应用场景中的示例性应用。
以下是关于编解码端的具体方案描述：
对于编码端，如图12所示，包括如下步骤1201至步骤1207：
步骤1201，利用上下文编码第一标志位，该标志位代表当前点的属性系数1的绝对值和属性系数2的绝对值是否均为0；其中，当前点的属性系数1的绝对值和属性系数2的绝对值是指前文实施例所述的当前点的至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数的示例。
步骤1202，判断属性系数1的绝对值和属性系数2的绝对值是否均为0；如果是，执行步骤1203；否则，执行步骤1204；
步骤1203，利用上下文编码属性系数3的绝对值减一，结束编码；其中，属性系数3的绝对值是指前文实施例所述的当前点的第二属性分量的第一属性系数的示例。
步骤1204，利用上下文编码第二标志位，该标志位代表属性系数1的绝对值是否为0；
步骤1205，判断属性系数1的绝对值是否为0；如果是，执行步骤1206；否则，执行步骤1207；
步骤1206，利用上下文编码属性系数2的绝对值减一，以及利用属性系数2的绝对值自适应地选取上下文；利用自适应选取的上下文，编码属性系数3的绝对值，结束编码；
步骤1207，利用上下文编码属性系数1的绝对值减一；以及利用属性系数1的绝对值自适应地选取上下文，利用该选取的上下文编码属性系数2的绝对值；以及利用属性系数1和属性系数2的绝对值自适应地选取上下文，利用该选取的上下文编码属性系数3的绝对值，结束编码。
最后，如果属性系数1的绝对值不为0，则编码其符号；如果属性系数2的绝对值不为0，则编码其符号；如果属性系数3的绝对值不为0，则编码其符号。
对于解码端，如图13所示，包括如下步骤1301至步骤1307：
步骤1301，利用上下文解码第一标志位，该标志位代表属性系数1的绝对值和属性系数2的绝对值是否同为0；
步骤1302，判断属性系数1的绝对值和属性系数2的绝对值是否同时为0；如果是，执行步骤1303；否则，执行步骤1304；
步骤1303，利用上下文解码属性系数3的绝对值，属性系数3的绝对值最终值为解码值加一，结束解码；
步骤1304，利用上下文解码第二标志位，该标志位代表属性系数1的绝对值是否为0；
步骤1305；判断属性系数1的绝对值是否为0；如果是，执行步骤1306；否则，执行步骤1307；
步骤1306，利用上下文解码属性系数2的绝对值，属性系数2的绝对值最终值为解码值加一；以及，利用属性系数2的绝对值最终值自适应地选取上下文，利用该自适应选取的上下文，解码属性系数3的绝对值，属性系数3的绝对值最终值为解码值，结束解码；
步骤1307，利用上下文解码属性系数1的绝对值，属性系数1的绝对值最终值为解码值加一； 以及，利用属性系数1的绝对值最终值自适应地选取上下文，利用该自适应选取的上下文解码属性系数2的绝对值，属性系数2的绝对值最终值为解码值；以及，利用属性系数1的绝对值最终值和属性系数2的绝对值最终值自适应地选取上下文，利用该自适应选取的上下文解码属性系数3的绝对值，属性系数3的绝对值最终值为解码值，结束解码。
最后，如果属性系数1的绝对值最终值不为0，则解码其符号；如果属性系数2的绝对值最终值不为0，则解码其符号；如果属性系数3的绝对值最终值不为0，则解码其符号。
实施例1：
针对G-PCC中的Pred分支、PredLift分支和RAHT分支编码value0、value1和value2的情况，针对Pred而言：设颜色属性三个分量分别为value0、value1和value2，value0代表Y或者R的残差系数，value1代表U或者G的残差系数，value2代表V或者B的残差系数。
针对PredLift而言：设颜色属性三个分量分别为value0、value1和value2，value0代表Y或者R的变换系数，value1代表U或者G的变换系数，value2代表V或者B的变换系数。
针对RAHT而言：value0和value1和value2是经过RAHT变换之后的变换系数。
该方案的tool可以用一个1比特的标志位来表示是否开启如下描述的编码方法和解码方法，这个标志位被放在高层语法元素的头信息attribute header中，这个标志位在一些特定的条件下有条件的分析；如果这个标志位不出现在码流中，其默认值为一个固定的值。
同理，解码端需要解码该标志位，如果这个标志位不出现在码流中，则不解码，其默认值为一个固定的值。
对于编码端，包括如下步骤1401至步骤1409：
步骤1401，利用上下文编码第一标志位；其中，第一标志位代表value1绝对值和value2绝对值是否同为0；
步骤1402，判断value1绝对值和value2绝对值是否同时为0；如果是，执行步骤1403；否则，执行步骤1404；
步骤1403，利用上下文编码value0绝对值减一，结束编码；
步骤1404，利用上下文编码第二标志位；其中，第二标志位代表value1绝对值是否为0，并判断value1绝对值是否为0；如果是，执行步骤1405；否则，执行步骤1407；
步骤1405，利用上下文编码value2绝对值减一，进入步骤1406；
步骤1406，利用value2绝对值自适应地选取上下文，利用选取的上下文编码value0绝对值，结束编码；
在步骤1406中，该自适应方法是判断value2的绝对值是否等于1以及value2的绝对值是否大于等于2或者小于等于2自适应选择上下文。
步骤1407，利用上下文编码value1绝对值减一，进入步骤1408；
步骤1408，利用value1绝对值自适应地选取上下文，利用选取的上下文编码value2绝对值，进入步骤1409；
在步骤1408中，该自适应方法是判断value1的绝对值是否等于1以及value1的绝对值是否大于等于2或者小于等于2自适应选择上下文。
步骤1409，利用value1绝对值与value2绝对值自适应地选取上下文编码value0绝对值，结束编码。
在步骤1409中，该自适应方法是判断value1的绝对值是否等于1以及value1的绝对值是否大于等于2或者小于等于2和判断value2的绝对值是否等于0以及value2的绝对值是否大于等于1或者小于等于1来共同自适应选择上下文。
最后，如果value0的绝对值不为0，则编码其符号；如果value1的绝对值不为0，则编码其符号；如果value2的绝对值不为0，则编码其符号。
相应地，对于解码端，包括如下步骤1501至步骤1509：
步骤1501，利用上下文解码第一标志位；其中，第一标志位代表value1绝对值和value2绝对值是否同为0；
步骤1502，判断value1绝对值和value2绝对值是否同时为0；如果是，执行步骤1503；否则，执行步骤1504；
步骤1503，利用上下文解码value0绝对值，value0绝对值最终值为解码值加一，结束解码；
步骤1504，利用上下文解码第二标志位；其中，第二标志位代表value1绝对值是否为0，判断value1绝对值是否为0；如果是，执行步骤1505；否则，执行步骤1507；
步骤1505，利用上下文解码value2绝对值，value2绝对值最终值为解码值加一，进入步骤1506,；
步骤1506，利用value2绝对值最终值自适应地选取上下文解码value0绝对值，value0绝对值最终值为解码值，结束解码；
在步骤1506中，该自适应方法是判断value2的绝对值最终值是否等于1以及value2的绝对值最终值是否大于等于2或者小于等于2自适应选择上下文。
步骤1507，利用上下文解码value1绝对值，value1绝对值最终值为解码值加一，进入步骤1508；
步骤1508，利用value1绝对值最终值自适应地选取上下文解码value2绝对值，value2绝对值最终值为解码值，进入步骤1509；
在步骤1508中，该自适应方法是判断value1的绝对值最终值是否等于1以及value1的绝对值最终值是否大于等于2或者小于等于2自适应选择上下文。
步骤1509，利用value1绝对值最终值和value2绝对值最终值自适应地选取上下文解码value0绝对值，value0绝对值最终值为解码值，结束解码。
在步骤1509中，该自适应方法是判断value1的绝对值最终值是否等于1以及value1的绝对值最终值是否大于等于2或者小于等于2和判断value2的绝对值最终值是否等于0以及value2的绝对值最终值是否大于等于1或者小于等于1来共同自适应选择上下文。
最后，如果value0的绝对值最终值不为0，则解码其符号；如果value1的绝对值最终值不为0，则解码其符号；如果value2的绝对值最终值不为0，则解码其符号。
实施例2：
针对AVS PCC中的Pred分支、Predtrans-资源受限分支、Predtrans-资源不受限分支或Trans分支，编码value0、value1和value2的情况下：
注意：针对Pred而言：设颜色属性的三个分量分别为value0、value1和value2，value0代表Y或者R的残差系数，value1代表U或者G的残差系数，value2代表V或者B的残差系数。
针对Predtrans-资源受限和Predtrans-资源不受限：value0、value1和value2是经过变换之后的DC直流系数或者AC交流系数。
针对Trans而言：value0、value1和value2是经过多层变换之后的变换系数。
该方案的tool可以用一个1比特标志位来表示开启与否，这个标志位被放在高层语法元素的头信息attribute header中，这个标志位在一些特定的条件下有条件的分析，如果这个标志位不出现在码流中，其默认值为一个固定的值。
同理，解码端需要解码该标志位，如果这个标志位不出现在码流中，则不解码，其默认值为一个固定的值。
对于编码端与实施例1中的编码端的方案相同，即包括步骤1401至步骤1409；对于解码端与实施例1的解码端的方案相同，即包括步骤1501至步骤1509。为了节约篇幅，这里不再重复描述。
需要说明的是，对于上述任一实施例所述的任一上下文，均不限定其获取的方法；在本申请实施例所述的编解码方法中，是否利用上下文进行编解码，或者是否自适应地选取上下文进而基于选取的上下文进行编解码都是可选的，该方法是可以开启使用或不开启使用的。即，利用固定的上下文进行编解码时可以是利用固定的上下文进行编解码或者不利用上下文而是直接编解码。利用自适应地选取上下文进行编解码时可以是利用自适应选取的上下文进行编解码或者利用固定的上下文编解码或者不利用上下文而是直接进行编解码。
为了验证上述实施例的技术效果，将上述实施例与G-PCC anchor进行对比；其中，表1是基于G-PCC pred的算术编解码方法在条件3下达到的技术效果，如表1所示，其中，bpip ratio表示输入点比特率，Geometry表示几何信息，Colour表示颜色信息，Reflectance表示反射率。
表1
Figure PCTCN2022126027-appb-000001
表2是基于G-PCC pred的算术编解码方法在条件4下达到的技术效果，如表2所示，其中， End-to-End BD-Attr Rate表示端到端属性率失真率，Luma表示亮度，ChromaCb表示色度Cb，ChromaCr表示色度Cr。
表2
Figure PCTCN2022126027-appb-000002
表3是基于G-PCC predlift的算术编解码方法在条件1下达到的技术效果，如表3所示。
表3
Figure PCTCN2022126027-appb-000003
表4是基于G-PCC predlift的算术编解码方法在条件2下达到的技术效果，如表4所示。
表4
Figure PCTCN2022126027-appb-000004
表5是基于G-PCC RAHT的算术编解码方法在条件1下达到的技术效果，如表5所示。
表5
Figure PCTCN2022126027-appb-000005
表6是基于G-PCC RAHT的算术编解码方法在条件2下达到的技术效果，如表6所示。
表6
Figure PCTCN2022126027-appb-000006
由此可以看出，在几乎不增加时间复杂度的情况下上述实施例具有稳定的性能增益。
需要说明的是：(1)上述实施例用在颜色属性系数，也可以用在其他属性系数上，也就是可以 用在多属性编码的场景；(2)上述实施例只是针对三个属性系数，编码属性系数1和属性系数2同时为0，如果针对四个属性系数，可以扩展先编码属性系数1、属性系数2和属性系数3同时为0，之后再取编码等等；(3)在上述实施例中，编解码的顺序是可以变的，对于先编码哪两个同时为0，可以改变编码顺序；(4)利用已经编码/解码的数值自适应地选取上下文可以有多种办法。自适应选取上下文的意思是通过已经编码/解码的值的大小来自适应地选取context model来去编码/解码下一个数值。
除此之外，本申请实施例还提供一种编码方法，图14是本申请实施例提供的编码方法的实现流程示意图，如图14所示，该方法包括如下步骤141至步骤146：
步骤141，利用上下文编码第一标志位，该标志位代表当前点的属性系数1的绝对值和属性系数2的绝对值是否均为0；
步骤142，判断属性系数1的绝对值和属性系数2的绝对值是否均为0；如果是，执行步骤143；否则，执行步骤144；
步骤143，利用上下文编码属性系数3的绝对值减一，结束编码；
步骤144，利用上下文编码属性系数1的绝对值减一，进入步骤145；
步骤145，利用编码的属性系数1的绝对值自适应地选取上下文，利用选取的上下文编码属性系数2的绝对值，进入步骤146；
步骤146，利用编码的属性系数1的绝对值和属性系数2的绝对值自适应地选取上下文，利用选取的上下文编码属性系数3的绝对值。
最后，
如果属性系数1的绝对值不为0，则编码其符号；
如果属性系数2的绝对值不为0，则编码其符号；
如果属性系数3的绝对值不为0，则编码其符号。
相应地，本申请实施例还提供一种解码方法，图15是本申请实施例提供的解码方法的实现流程示意图，如图15所示，该方法包括如下步骤151至步骤156：
步骤151，利用上下文解码第一标志位，该标志位代表属性系数1的绝对值和属性系数2的绝对值是否同为0；
步骤152，判断属性系数1的绝对值和属性系数2的绝对值是否同时为0；如果是，执行步骤153；否则，执行步骤154；
步骤153，利用上下文解码属性系数3的绝对值，属性系数3的绝对值最终值为解码值加一，结束解码；
步骤154，利用上下文解码属性系数1的绝对值，属性系数1的绝对值最终值为解码值，进入步骤155；
步骤155，利用属性系数1的绝对值最终值自适应地选取上下文，利用选取的上下文解码属性系数2的绝对值，属性系数2的绝对值最终值为解码值，进入步骤156；
步骤156，利用属性系数1的绝对值最终值和属性系数2的绝对值最终值自适应地选取上下文，利用选取的上下文解码属性系数3的绝对值，属性系数3的绝对值最终值为解码值。
最后，
如果属性系数1的绝对值最终值不为0，则解码其符号；
如果属性系数2的绝对值最终值不为0，则解码其符号；
如果属性系数3的绝对值最终值不为0，则解码其符号。
应当注意，尽管在附图中以特定顺序描述了本申请中方法的各个步骤，但是，这并非要求或者暗示必须按照该特定顺序来执行这些步骤，或是必须执行全部所示的步骤才能实现期望的结果。附加的或备选的，可以省略某些步骤，将多个步骤合并为一个步骤执行，以及/或者将一个步骤分解为多个步骤执行等；或者，将不同实施例中步骤组合为新的技术方案。
基于前述的实施例，本申请实施例提供一种编码装置，应用于编码器，图16为本申请实施例提供的编码装置的结构示意图，如图16所示，编码装置160包括：
编码模块1601，配置为编码第一标志位至点云码流；其中，所述第一标志位用于表示当前点的至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数是否均为第一数值；
第二确定模块1602，配置为当所述至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数均为第一数值时，编码所述当前点的第二属性分量的第二属性系数至点云码流；其中，所述第二属性系数等于所述第二属性分量的第一属性系数减1；所述第二属性分量与所述至少两个第一属性分量不同。
在一些实施例中，编码模块1601，配置为编码第一参数至点云码流；当每一属性分量均为第一数值的点数等于第一数值时，编码所述第一标志位至点云码流。
在一些实施例中，编码模块1601，配置为利用第一上下文编码所述第一标志位。
在一些实施例中，编码模块1601，配置为利用第二上下文编码所述第二属性系数。
在一些实施例中，编码模块1601，还配置为当所述至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数中的至少之一不为所述第一数值时，编码第二标志位至点云码流；其中，所述第二标志位用于表示所述至少两个第一属性分量中的至少一个第一属性分量的属性系数是否为所述第一数值。
在一些实施例中，编码模块1601，还配置为当所述至少一个第一属性分量的属性系数为所述第一数值时，编码所述至少两个第一属性分量中不同于所述至少一个第一属性分量的第一属性分量的第四属性系数至点云码流；其中，所述第四属性系数等于所述不同于所述至少一个第一属性分量的第一属性分量的第三属性系数减1。
在一些实施例中，编码模块1601，还配置为当所述至少一个第一属性分量的属性系数为所述第一数值时，编码所述第二属性分量的第五属性系数至点云码流。
在一些实施例中，编码模块1601，配置为利用第三上下文编码所述第四属性系数。
在一些实施例中，编码模块1601，配置为利用所述第三属性系数或所述第四属性系数，选取第四上下文；利用所述第四上下文编码所述第五属性系数。
在一些实施例中，编码模块1601，还配置为当所述至少一个第一属性分量的属性系数不为第一数值时，编码所述至少一个第一属性分量的第七属性系数至点云码流；其中，所述第七属性系数等于所述至少一个第一属性分量的第六属性系数减1。
在一些实施例中，编码模块1601，还配置为：当所述至少一个第一属性分量的属性系数不为第一数值时，编码所述至少两个第一属性分量中不同于所述至少一个第一属性分量的第一属性分量的第八属性系数至点云码流。
在一些实施例中，编码模块1601，还配置为当所述至少一个第一属性分量的属性系数不为第一数值时，编码所述第二属性分量的第九属性系数至点云码流。
在一些实施例中，编码模块1601，配置为利用第五上下文编码所述至少一个第一属性分量的第七属性系数。
在一些实施例中，编码模块1601，配置为利用所述第六属性系数或所述第七属性系数，选取第六上下文；利用所述第六上下文编码所述不同于所述至少一个第一属性分量的第一属性分量的第八属性系数。
在一些实施例中，编码模块1601，配置为利用所述第六属性系数或所述第七属性系数中的之一，和/或所述第八属性系数，选取第七上下文；利用所述第七上下文编码所述第二属性分量的第九属性系数。
在一些实施例中，编码模块1601，还配置为当所述至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数中的至少之一不为所述第一数值时，编码所述至少两个第一属性分量中的至少一个第一属性分量的第十属性系数至点云码流；利用所述第十属性系数编码所述至少两个第一属性分量中不同于所述至少一个第一属性分量的第一属性分量的第十一属性系数至点云码流；利用所述第十属性系数和所述第十一属性系数编码所述第二属性分量的第十二属性系数至点云码流。
在一些实施例中，编码模块1601，配置为利用第八上下文编码所述第十属性系数；利用所述第十属性系数，选取第九上下文；利用所述第九上下文编码所述第十一属性系数；利用所述第十属性系数和所述第十一属性系数，选取第十上下文；利用所述第十上下文编码所述第十二属性系数。
在一些实施例中，编码模块1601，还配置为当任一所述属性分量的属性系数最终值不为第一数值时，编码所述任一所述属性分量的属性系数最终值的符号；所述符号用于表示对应的属性系数最终值是正数还是负数。
在一些实施例中，编码装置160还包括第一重建模块，配置为至少根据所述属性分量的属性系数，得到所述属性分量的属性重建值；所述属性分量的属性系数为以下之一：第一属性系数、第三属性系数、第五属性系数、第六属性系数、第八属性系数、第九属性系数、第十属性系数、第十一属性系数、第十二属性系数。
在一些实施例中，所述至少两个第一属性分量包括U分量和V分量，所述第二属性分量包括Y分量；或者，所述至少两个第一属性分量包括G分量和B分量，所述第二属性分量包括R分量。
本申请实施例提供一种解码装置，应用于解码器，图17为本申请实施例提供的解码装置的结构示意图，如图17所示，解码装置170包括：
解码模块1701，配置为解码点云码流，得到第一标志位；其中，所述第一标志位用于表示当前点的至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数是否均为第一数值；
第一确定模块1702，配置为当所述第一标志位表示所述至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数均为第一数值时，确定所述当前点的第二属性分量的第一属性系数等于第二属性分量的第二属性系数加1；其中，所述第二属性分量的第二属性系数是从点云码流中解析得到的；所述第二属性分量与所述至少两个第一属性分量不同。
在一些实施例中，解码模块1701，配置为解码点云码流，得到第一参数；当所述第一参数等于第一数值时，解码点云码流，得到第一标志位。
在一些实施例中，解码模块1701，配置为利用第一上下文解码所述点云码流，得到所述第一标志位。
在一些实施例中，解码模块1701，配置为利用第二上下文解码所述点云码流，得到所述第二属性系数。
在一些实施例中，解码模块1701，还配置为当所述第一标志位表示所述至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数中的至少之一不为所述第一数值时，确定第二标志位；其中，所述第二标志位用于表示所述至少两个第一属性分量中的至少一个第一属性分量的属性系数是否为所述第一数值。
在一些实施例中，解码模块1701，还配置为当所述第二标志位表示所述至少一个第一属性分量的属性系数为所述第一数值时，确定所述至少两个第一属性分量中不同于所述至少一个第一属性分量的第一属性分量的第三属性系数等于不同于所述至少一个第一属性分量的第一属性分量的第四属性系数加1，所述第四属性系数是从点云码流中解析得到的。
在一些实施例中，解码模块1701，还配置为当所述第二标志位表示所述至少一个第一属性分量的属性系数为所述第一数值时，确定所述第二属性分量的第五属性系数；其中，所述第五属性系数是从点云码流中解析得到的。
在一些实施例中，解码模块1701，配置为利用第三上下文解码点云码流，得到所述第四属性系数。
在一些实施例中，解码模块1701，配置为利用所述第三属性系数或所述第四属性系数，选取第四上下文；利用所述第四上下文解码所述点云码流，得到所述第五属性系数。
在一些实施例中，解码模块1701，还配置为当所述第二标志位表示所述至少一个第一属性分量的属性系数不为第一数值时，确定所述至少一个第一属性分量的第六属性系数等于至少一个第一属性分量的第七属性系数加1，所述第七属性系数是从点云码流中解析得到的。
在一些实施例中，解码模块1701，还配置为当所述第二标志位表示所述至少一个第一属性分量的属性系数不为第一数值时，确定所述至少两个第一属性分量中不同于所述至少一个第一属性分量的第一属性分量的第八属性系数；其中，所述第八属性系数是从点云码流中解析得到的。
在一些实施例中，解码模块1701，还配置为当所述第二标志位表示所述至少一个第一属性分量的属性系数不为第一数值时，确定所述第二属性分量的第九属性系数；其中，所述第九属性系数是从点云码流中解析得到的。
在一些实施例中，解码模块1701，配置为利用第五上下文解码点云码流，得到所述至少一个第一属性分量的第七属性系数。
在一些实施例中，解码模块1701，配置为利用所述第六属性系数或所述第七属性系数，选取第六上下文；利用所述第六上下文解码点云码流，得到所述不同于所述至少一个第一属性分量的第一属性分量的第八属性系数。
在一些实施例中，解码模块1701，配置为利用所述第六属性系数或所述第七属性系数中的之一，和/或所述第八属性系数，选取第七上下文；利用所述第七上下文解码点云码流，得到所述第二属性分量的第九属性系数。
在一些实施例中，解码模块1701，还配置为当所述第一标志位表示所述至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数中的至少之一不为所述第一数值时，解码点云码流，得到所述至少两个第一属性分量中的至少一个第一属性分量的第十属性系数；利用所述第十属性系数解码点云码流，得到所述至少两个第一属性分量中不同于所述至少一个第一属性分量的第一属性分量的第十一属性系数；利用所述第十属性系数和所述第十一属性系数解码点云码流，得到所述第二属性分量的第十二属性系数。
在一些实施例中，解码模块1701，配置为利用第八上下文解码点云码流，得到所述第十属性系数；利用所述第十属性系数，选取第九上下文；利用所述第九上下文解码点云码流，得到所述第十一属性系数；利用所述第十属性系数和所述第十一属性系数，选取第十上下文；利用所述第十上下 文解码点云码流，得到所述第十二属性系数。
在一些实施例中，解码模块1701，还配置为当任一所述属性分量的属性系数最终值不为第一数值时，解码点云码流，得到所述任一所述属性分量的属性系数最终值的符号；所述符号用于表示对应的属性系数最终值是正数还是负数。
在一些实施例中，解码装置170还包括第二重建模块，配置为至少根据所述属性分量的属性系数，得到所述属性分量的属性重建值；所述属性分量的属性系数为以下之一：第一属性系数、第三属性系数、第五属性系数、第六属性系数、第八属性系数、第九属性系数、第十属性系数、第十一属性系数、第十二属性系数。
以上装置实施例的描述，与上述方法实施例的描述是类似的，具有同方法实施例相似的有益效果。对于本申请装置实施例中未披露的技术细节，请参照本申请方法实施例的描述而理解。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例所述的装置对模块的划分是示意性的，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式。另外，在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。也可以采用软件和硬件结合的形式实现。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例中，如果以软件功能模块的形式实现上述的方法，并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，也可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本申请实施例的技术方案本质上或者说对相关技术做出贡献的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得电子设备执行本申请各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(Read Only Memory，ROM)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。这样，本申请实施例不限制于任何特定的硬件和软件结合。
本申请实施例提供一种计算机可读存储介质，其中，所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序被执行时实现如编码器侧的视频图像处理方法、或者实现如解码器侧的视频图像处理方法。
本申请实施例提供一种解码器，如图18所示，解码器180包括：第一通信接口1801、第一存储器1802和第一处理器1803；各个组件通过第一总线系统1804耦合在一起。可理解，第一总线系统1804用于实现这些组件之间的连接通信。第一总线系统1804除包括数据总线之外，还包括电源总线、控制总线和状态信号总线。但是为了清楚说明起见，在图18中将各种总线都标为第一总线系统1804。其中，
第一通信接口1801，用于在与其他外部网元之间进行收发信息过程中，信号的接收和发送；
第一存储器1802，用于存储能够在第一处理器1803上运行的计算机程序；
第一处理器1803，用于在运行所述计算机程序时，执行本申请实施例所述的解码方法。
可以理解，本申请实施例中的第一存储器1802可以是易失性存储器或非易失性存储器，或可包括易失性和非易失性存储器两者。其中，非易失性存储器可以是只读存储器(Read-Only Memory，ROM)、可编程只读存储器(Programmable ROM，PROM)、可擦除可编程只读存储器(Erasable PROM，EPROM)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(Electrically EPROM，EEPROM)或闪存。易失性存储器可以是随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory，RAM)，其用作外部高速缓存。通过示例性但不是限制性说明，许多形式的RAM可用，例如静态随机存取存储器(Static RAM，SRAM)、动态随机存取存储器(Dynamic RAM，DRAM)、同步动态随机存取存储器(Synchronous DRAM，SDRAM)、双倍数据速率同步动态随机存取存储器(Double Data Rate SDRAM，DDRSDRAM)、增强型同步动态随机存取存储器(Enhanced SDRAM，ESDRAM)、同步连接动态随机存取存储器(Synchlink DRAM，SLDRAM)和直接内存总线随机存取存储器(Direct Rambus RAM，DRRAM)。本申请描述的系统和方法的第一存储器1802旨在包括但不限于这些和任意其它适合类型的存储器。
而第一处理器1803可能是一种集成电路芯片，具有信号的处理能力。在实现过程中，上述方法的各步骤可以通过第一处理器1803中的硬件的集成逻辑电路或者软件形式的指令完成。上述的第一处理器1803可以是通用处理器、数字信号处理器(Digital Signal Processor，DSP)、专用集成电路(Application Specific Integrated Circuit，ASIC)、现成可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array，FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件。可以实现或者执行本申请实施例中的公开的各方法、步骤及逻辑框图。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。结合本申请实施例所公开的方法的步骤可以直接体现为硬件译码处理器 执行完成，或者用译码处理器中的硬件及软件模块组合执行完成。软件模块可以位于随机存储器，闪存、只读存储器，可编程只读存储器或者电可擦写可编程存储器、寄存器等本领域成熟的存储介质中。该存储介质位于第一存储器1802，第一处理器1803读取第一存储器1802中的信息，结合其硬件完成上述方法的步骤。
可以理解的是，本申请描述的这些实施例可以用硬件、软件、固件、中间件、微码或其组合来实现。对于硬件实现，处理单元可以实现在一个或多个专用集成电路(Application Specific Integrated Circuits，ASIC)、数字信号处理器(Digital Signal Processing，DSP)、数字信号处理设备(DSP Device，DSPD)、可编程逻辑设备(Programmable Logic Device，PLD)、现场可编程门阵列(Field-Programmable Gate Array，FPGA)、通用处理器、控制器、微控制器、微处理器、用于执行本申请所述功能的其它电子单元或其组合中。对于软件实现，可通过执行本申请所述功能的模块(例如过程、函数等)来实现本申请所述的技术。软件代码可存储在存储器中并通过处理器执行。存储器可以在处理器中或在处理器外部实现。
可选地，作为另一个实施例，第一处理器1803还配置为在运行所述计算机程序时，执行前述9任一解码方法实施例。
本申请实施提供一种编码器，如图19所示，编码器190包括：第二通信接口1901、第二存储器1902和第二处理器1903；各个组件通过第二总线系统1904耦合在一起。可理解，第二总线系统1904用于实现这些组件之间的连接通信。第二总线系统1904除包括数据总线之外，还包括电源总线、控制总线和状态信号总线。但是为了清楚说明起见，在图19中将各种总线都标为第二总线系统1904。其中，
第二通信接口1901，用于在与其他外部网元之间进行收发信息过程中，信号的接收和发送；
第二存储器1902，用于存储能够在第二处理器1903上运行的计算机程序；
第二处理器1903，用于在运行所述计算机程序时，执行：
根据第一图像中的样本之间的差值对所述样本进行排序处理，得到第一列表；
根据所述样本在所述第一列表中的索引序号和第一分量的比特位深，得到第二图像中与所述样本具有相同位置坐标的第一分量的样本值。
可选地，作为另一个实施例，第二处理器1903还配置为在运行所述计算机程序时，执行前述编码方法实施例。
可以理解，第二存储器1902与第一存储器1802的硬件功能类似，第二处理器1903与第一处理器1803的硬件功能类似；这里不再详述。
本申请实施例提供一种电子设备，包括：处理器，适于执行计算机程序；计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质中存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序被所述处理器执行时，实现本申请实施例所述的编码方法和/或解码方法。该电子设备可以是各种类型的具有视频编码和/或视频解码能力的设备，例如，该电子设备为手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑、个人计算机、电视机、投影设备或监控设备等。
这里需要指出的是：以上存储介质和设备实施例的描述，与上述方法实施例的描述是类似的，具有同方法实施例相似的有益效果。对于本申请存储介质、存储介质和设备实施例中未披露的技术细节，请参照本申请方法实施例的描述而理解。
应理解，说明书通篇中提到的“一个实施例”或“一实施例”或“一些实施例”意味着与实施例有关的特定特征、结构或特性包括在本申请的至少一个实施例中。因此，在整个说明书各处出现的“在一个实施例中”或“在一实施例中”或“在一些实施例中”未必一定指相同的实施例。此外，这些特定的特征、结构或特性可以任意适合的方式结合在一个或多个实施例中。应理解，在本申请的各种实施例中，上述各过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后，各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定，而不应对本申请实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。上述本申请实施例序号仅仅为了描述，不代表实施例的优劣。上文对各个实施例的描述倾向于强调各个实施例之间的不同之处，其相同或相似之处可以互相参考，为了简洁，本文不再赘述。
本文中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如对象A和/或对象B，可以表示：单独存在对象A，同时存在对象A和对象B，单独存在对象B这三种情况。
需要说明的是，在本文中，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者装置不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限 制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括该要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的设备和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。以上所描述的实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述模块的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，如：多个模块或组件可以结合，或可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另外，所显示或讨论的各组成部分相互之间的耦合、或直接耦合、或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，设备或模块的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性的、机械的或其它形式的。
上述作为分离部件说明的模块可以是、或也可以不是物理上分开的，作为模块显示的部件可以是、或也可以不是物理模块；既可以位于一个地方，也可以分布到多个网络单元上；可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或全部模块来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本申请各实施例中的各功能模块可以全部集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各模块分别单独作为一个单元，也可以两个或两个以上模块集成在一个单元中；上述集成的模块既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用硬件加软件功能单元的形式实现。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解：实现上述方法实施例的全部或部分步骤可以通过程序指令相关的硬件来完成，前述的程序可以存储于计算机可读取存储介质中，该程序在执行时，执行包括上述方法实施例的步骤；而前述的存储介质包括：移动存储设备、只读存储器(Read Only Memory，ROM)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
或者，本申请上述集成的单元如果以软件功能模块的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，也可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本申请实施例的技术方案本质上或者说对相关技术做出贡献的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得电子设备执行本申请各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分。而前述的存储介质包括：移动存储设备、ROM、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
本申请所提供的几个方法实施例中所揭露的方法，在不冲突的情况下可以任意组合，得到新的方法实施例。
本申请所提供的几个产品实施例中所揭露的特征，在不冲突的情况下可以任意组合，得到新的产品实施例。
本申请所提供的几个方法或设备实施例中所揭露的特征，在不冲突的情况下可以任意组合，得到新的方法实施例或设备实施例。
以上所述，仅为本申请的实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (54)

  1. 一种解码方法，所述方法应用于解码器，所述方法包括：
    解码点云码流，得到第一标志位；其中，所述第一标志位用于表示当前点的至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数是否均为第一数值；
    当所述第一标志位表示所述至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数均为第一数值时，确定所述当前点的第二属性分量的第一属性系数等于第二属性分量的第二属性系数加1；其中，所述第二属性分量的第二属性系数是从点云码流中解析得到的；所述第二属性分量与所述至少两个第一属性分量不同。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，
    解码点云码流，得到第一参数；
    当所述第一参数等于第一数值时，解码点云码流，得到第一标志位。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中，
    所述第一参数用于表示每一属性系数均为第一数值的连续点的个数。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中，
    所述第一参数用于表示每一属性系数均为第一数值的连续组的个数。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，
    利用第一上下文解码所述点云码流，得到所述第一标志位。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，
    利用第二上下文解码所述点云码流，得到所述第二属性系数。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述方法还包括：
    当所述第一标志位表示所述至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数中的至少之一不为所述第一数值时，确定第二标志位；其中，所述第二标志位用于表示所述至少两个第一属性分量中的至少一个第一属性分量的属性系数是否为所述第一数值。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中，所述方法还包括：
    当所述第二标志位表示所述至少一个第一属性分量的属性系数为所述第一数值时，确定所述至少两个第一属性分量中不同于所述至少一个第一属性分量的第一属性分量的第三属性系数等于不同于所述至少一个第一属性分量的第一属性分量的第四属性系数加1，所述第四属性系数是从点云码流中解析得到的。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中，所述方法还包括：
    当所述第二标志位表示所述至少一个第一属性分量的属性系数为所述第一数值时，确定所述第二属性分量的第五属性系数；其中，所述第五属性系数是从点云码流中解析得到的。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，
    利用第三上下文解码点云码流，得到所述第四属性系数。
  11. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，
    利用所述第三属性系数或所述第四属性系数，选取第四上下文；
    利用所述第四上下文解码所述点云码流，得到所述第五属性系数。
  12. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，所述方法还包括：
    当所述第二标志位表示所述至少一个第一属性分量的属性系数不为第一数值时，确定所述至少一个第一属性分量的第六属性系数等于至少一个第一属性分量的第七属性系数加1，所述第七属性系数是从点云码流中解析得到的。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中，所述方法还包括：
    当所述第二标志位表示所述至少一个第一属性分量的属性系数不为第一数值时，确定所述至少两个第一属性分量中不同于所述至少一个第一属性分量的第一属性分量的第八属性系数；其中，所述第八属性系数是从点云码流中解析得到的。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中，所述方法还包括：
    当所述第二标志位表示所述至少一个第一属性分量的属性系数不为第一数值时，确定所述第二属性分量的第九属性系数；其中，所述第九属性系数是从点云码流中解析得到的。
  15. 根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中，
    利用第五上下文解码点云码流，得到所述至少一个第一属性分量的第七属性系数。
  16. 根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中，
    利用所述第六属性系数或所述第七属性系数，选取第六上下文；
    利用所述第六上下文解码点云码流，得到所述不同于所述至少一个第一属性分量的第一属性分量的第八属性系数。
  17. 根据权利要求14所述的方法，其中，
    利用所述第六属性系数或所述第七属性系数中的之一，和/或所述第八属性系数，选取第七上下文；
    利用所述第七上下文解码点云码流，得到所述第二属性分量的第九属性系数。
  18. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述方法还包括：
    当所述第一标志位表示所述至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数中的至少之一不为所述第一数值时，解码点云码流，得到所述至少两个第一属性分量中的至少一个第一属性分量的第十属性系数；
    利用所述第十属性系数解码点云码流，得到所述至少两个第一属性分量中不同于所述至少一个第一属性分量的第一属性分量的第十一属性系数；
    利用所述第十属性系数和所述第十一属性系数解码点云码流，得到所述第二属性分量的第十二属性系数。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的方法，其中，
    利用第八上下文解码点云码流，得到所述第十属性系数；
    利用所述第十属性系数，选取第九上下文；
    利用所述第九上下文解码点云码流，得到所述第十一属性系数；
    利用所述第十属性系数和/或所述第十一属性系数，选取第十上下文；
    利用所述第十上下文解码点云码流，得到所述第十二属性系数。
  20. 根据权利要求1至19任一项所述的方法，其中，
    当任一所述属性分量的属性系数最终值不为第一数值时，解码点云码流，得到所述任一所述属性分量的属性系数最终值的符号；所述符号用于表示对应的属性系数最终值是正数还是负数。
  21. 根据权利要求1至19任一项所述的方法，其中，所述第一数值等于0。
  22. 根据权利要求1至19任一项所述的方法，其中，所述方法还包括：
    至少根据所述属性分量的属性系数，得到所述属性分量的属性重建值；其中，所述属性分量的属性系数为以下之一：第一属性系数、第三属性系数、第五属性系数、第六属性系数、第八属性系数、第九属性系数、第十属性系数、第十一属性系数、第十二属性系数。
  23. 根据权利要求1至19任一项所述的方法，其中，
    所述至少两个第一属性分量包括U分量和V分量，所述第二属性分量包括Y分量；或者，所述至少两个第一属性分量包括G分量和B分量，所述第二属性分量包括R分量。
  24. 一种编码方法，所述方法应用于编码器，所述方法包括：
    编码第一标志位至点云码流；其中，所述第一标志位用于表示当前点的至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数是否均为第一数值；
    当所述至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数均为第一数值时，编码所述当前点的第二属性分量的第二属性系数至点云码流；其中，所述第二属性系数等于所述第二属性分量的第一属性系数减1；所述第二属性分量与所述至少两个第一属性分量不同。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的方法，其中，
    编码第一参数至点云码流；
    当每一属性分量均为第一数值的点数等于第一数值时，编码所述第一标志位至点云码流。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的方法，其中，
    所述第一参数用于表示每一属性系数均为第一数值的连续点的个数。
  27. 根据权利要求25所述的方法，其中，
    所述第一参数用于表示每一属性系数均为第一数值的连续组的个数。
  28. 根据权利要求24所述的方法，其中，
    利用第一上下文编码所述第一标志位。
  29. 根据权利要求24所述的方法，其中，
    利用第二上下文编码所述第二属性系数。
  30. 根据权利要求24所述的方法，其中，所述方法还包括：
    当所述至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数中的至少之一不为所述第一数值时，编码第二标志位至点云码流；其中，所述第二标志位用于表示所述至少两个第一属性分量中的至少一个第一属性分量的属性系数是否为所述第一数值。
  31. 根据权利要求30所述的方法，其中，所述方法还包括：
    当所述至少一个第一属性分量的属性系数为所述第一数值时，编码所述至少两个第一属性分量中不同于所述至少一个第一属性分量的第一属性分量的第四属性系数至点云码流；其中，所述第四属性系数等于所述不同于所述至少一个第一属性分量的第一属性分量的第三属性系数减1。
  32. 根据权利要求30所述的方法，其中，所述方法还包括：
    当所述至少一个第一属性分量的属性系数为所述第一数值时，编码所述第二属性分量的第五属性系数至点云码流。
  33. 根据权利要求31所述的方法，其中，
    利用第三上下文编码所述第四属性系数。
  34. 根据权利要求31所述的方法，其中，
    利用所述第三属性系数或所述第四属性系数，选取第四上下文；
    利用所述第四上下文编码所述第五属性系数。
  35. 根据权利要求31所述的方法，其中，所述方法还包括：
    当所述至少一个第一属性分量的属性系数不为第一数值时，编码所述至少一个第一属性分量的第七属性系数至点云码流；其中，所述第七属性系数等于所述至少一个第一属性分量的第六属性系数减1。
  36. 根据权利要求35所述的方法，其中，所述方法还包括：
    当所述至少一个第一属性分量的属性系数不为第一数值时，编码所述至少两个第一属性分量中不同于所述至少一个第一属性分量的第一属性分量的第八属性系数至点云码流。
  37. 根据权利要求36所述的方法，其中，所述方法还包括：
    当所述至少一个第一属性分量的属性系数不为第一数值时，编码所述第二属性分量的第九属性系数至点云码流。
  38. 根据权利要求35所述的方法，其中，
    利用第五上下文编码所述至少一个第一属性分量的第七属性系数。
  39. 根据权利要求36所述的方法，其中，
    利用所述第六属性系数或所述第七属性系数，选取第六上下文；
    利用所述第六上下文编码所述不同于所述至少一个第一属性分量的第一属性分量的第八属性系数。
  40. 根据权利要求37所述的方法，其中，
    利用所述第六属性系数或所述第七属性系数中的之一，和/或所述第八属性系数，选取第七上下文；
    利用所述第七上下文编码所述第二属性分量的第九属性系数。
  41. 根据权利要求24所述的方法，其中，所述方法还包括：
    当所述至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数中的至少之一不为所述第一数值时，编码所述至少两个第一属性分量中的至少一个第一属性分量的第十属性系数至点云码流；
    利用所述第十属性系数编码所述至少两个第一属性分量中不同于所述至少一个第一属性分量的第一属性分量的第十一属性系数至点云码流；
    利用所述第十属性系数和所述第十一属性系数编码所述第二属性分量的第十二属性系数至点云码流。
  42. 根据权利要求41所述的方法，其中，
    利用第八上下文编码所述第十属性系数；
    利用所述第十属性系数，选取第九上下文；
    利用所述第九上下文编码所述第十一属性系数；
    利用所述第十属性系数和/或所述第十一属性系数，选取第十上下文；
    利用所述第十上下文编码所述第十二属性系数。
  43. 根据权利要求24至42任一项所述的方法，其中，所述方法还包括：
    当任一所述属性分量的属性系数最终值不为第一数值时，编码所述任一所述属性分量的属性系 数最终值的符号；所述符号用于表示对应的属性系数最终值是正数还是负数。
  44. 根据权利要求24至42任一项所述的方法，其中，所述第一数值等于0。
  45. 根据权利要求24至42任一项所述的方法，其中，
    第一属性系数、第三属性系数、第五属性系数、第六属性系数、第八属性系数、第九属性系数、第十属性系数、第十一属性系数和第十二属性系数均是根据Pred、Predlift、RAHT、Predtrans-资源受限、Predtrans-资源不受限和Trans方法中之一确定的。
  46. 根据权利要求24至42任一项所述的方法，其中，所述方法还包括：
    至少根据所述属性分量的属性系数，得到所述属性分量的属性重建值；其中，所述属性分量的属性系数为以下之一：第一属性系数、第三属性系数、第五属性系数、第六属性系数、第八属性系数、第九属性系数、第十属性系数、第十一属性系数、第十二属性系数。
  47. 根据权利要求24至42任一项所述的方法，其中，
    所述至少两个第一属性分量包括U分量和V分量，所述第二属性分量包括Y分量；或者，所述至少两个第一属性分量包括G分量和B分量，所述第二属性分量包括R分量。
  48. 一种解码装置，应用于解码器，所述装置包括：
    解码模块，配置为解码点云码流，得到第一标志位；其中，所述第一标志位用于表示当前点的至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数是否均为第一数值；
    第一确定模块，配置为当所述第一标志位表示所述至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数均为第一数值时，确定所述当前点的第二属性分量的第一属性系数等于第二属性分量的第二属性系数加1；其中，所述第二属性分量的第二属性系数是从点云码流中解析得到的；所述第二属性分量与所述至少两个第一属性分量不同。
  49. 一种解码器，包括第一存储器和第一处理器；其中，
    所述第一存储器，用于存储能够在所述第一处理器上运行的计算机程序；
    所述第一处理器，用于在运行所述计算机程序时，执行如权利要求1至22任一项所述的方法。
  50. 一种编码装置，应用于编码器，所述装置包括：
    编码模块，配置为编码第一标志位至点云码流；其中，所述第一标志位用于表示当前点的至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数是否均为第一数值；
    第二确定模块，配置为当所述至少两个第一属性分量的属性系数均为第一数值时，编码所述当前点的第二属性分量的第二属性系数至点云码流；其中，所述第二属性系数等于所述第二属性分量的第一属性系数减1；所述第二属性分量与所述至少两个第一属性分量不同。
  51. 一种编码器，包括第二存储器和第二处理器；其中，
    所述第二存储器，用于存储能够在所述第二处理器上运行的计算机程序；
    所述第二处理器，用于在运行所述计算机程序时，执行如权利要求24至47任一项所述的方法。
  52. 一种点云码流，所述点云码流是通过权利要求24至47任一项所述的编码方法而生成的。
  53. 一种电子设备，包括：
    处理器，适于执行计算机程序；
    计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质中存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序被所述处理器执行时，实现如权利要求1至23中任一项所述的解码方法，或者所述计算机程序被所述处理器执行时，实现如权利要求24至47中任一项所述的编码方法。
  54. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其中，所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序被执行时实现如权利要求1至23任一项所述的解码方法、或者实现如权利要求24至47任一项所述的编码方法。
PCT/CN2022/126027 2022-10-18 2022-10-18 编解码方法及装置、编解码器、码流、设备、存储介质 Ceased WO2024082152A1 (zh)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CN2022/126027 WO2024082152A1 (zh) 2022-10-18 2022-10-18 编解码方法及装置、编解码器、码流、设备、存储介质
CN202280099717.9A CN119790659A (zh) 2022-10-18 2022-10-18 编解码方法及装置、编解码器、码流、设备、存储介质
TW112138484A TW202425637A (zh) 2022-10-18 2023-10-06 編解碼方法及裝置、編解碼器、碼流、設備、儲存媒介
US19/176,406 US20250238965A1 (en) 2022-10-18 2025-04-11 Coding method and storage medium

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CN2022/126027 WO2024082152A1 (zh) 2022-10-18 2022-10-18 编解码方法及装置、编解码器、码流、设备、存储介质

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US19/176,406 Continuation US20250238965A1 (en) 2022-10-18 2025-04-11 Coding method and storage medium

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2024082152A1 true WO2024082152A1 (zh) 2024-04-25

Family

ID=90736636

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2022/126027 Ceased WO2024082152A1 (zh) 2022-10-18 2022-10-18 编解码方法及装置、编解码器、码流、设备、存储介质

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20250238965A1 (zh)
CN (1) CN119790659A (zh)
TW (1) TW202425637A (zh)
WO (1) WO2024082152A1 (zh)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20210006765A1 (en) * 2019-07-05 2021-01-07 Tencent America LLC Method and apparatus for inter-channel prediction and transform for point-cloud attribute coding
US20210006837A1 (en) * 2019-07-05 2021-01-07 Tencent America LLC Techniques and apparatus for scalable lifting for point-cloud attribute coding
CN112334949A (zh) * 2018-10-09 2021-02-05 松下电器（美国）知识产权公司 三维数据编码方法、三维数据解码方法、三维数据编码装置、以及三维数据解码装置
CN113228108A (zh) * 2018-12-26 2021-08-06 松下电器（美国）知识产权公司 三维数据编码方法、三维数据解码方法、三维数据编码装置及三维数据解码装置
CN113852829A (zh) * 2021-09-01 2021-12-28 腾讯科技（深圳）有限公司 点云媒体文件的封装与解封装方法、装置及存储介质
CN114424568A (zh) * 2019-09-30 2022-04-29 Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 预测方法、编码器、解码器及计算机存储介质

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112334949A (zh) * 2018-10-09 2021-02-05 松下电器（美国）知识产权公司 三维数据编码方法、三维数据解码方法、三维数据编码装置、以及三维数据解码装置
CN113228108A (zh) * 2018-12-26 2021-08-06 松下电器（美国）知识产权公司 三维数据编码方法、三维数据解码方法、三维数据编码装置及三维数据解码装置
US20210006765A1 (en) * 2019-07-05 2021-01-07 Tencent America LLC Method and apparatus for inter-channel prediction and transform for point-cloud attribute coding
US20210006837A1 (en) * 2019-07-05 2021-01-07 Tencent America LLC Techniques and apparatus for scalable lifting for point-cloud attribute coding
CN114424568A (zh) * 2019-09-30 2022-04-29 Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 预测方法、编码器、解码器及计算机存储介质
CN113852829A (zh) * 2021-09-01 2021-12-28 腾讯科技（深圳）有限公司 点云媒体文件的封装与解封装方法、装置及存储介质

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20250238965A1 (en) 2025-07-24
TW202425637A (zh) 2024-06-16
CN119790659A (zh) 2025-04-08

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2022141461A1 (zh) 点云编解码方法、编码器、解码器以及计算机存储介质
WO2024174086A1 (zh) 解码方法、编码方法、解码器以及编码器
WO2024082152A1 (zh) 编解码方法及装置、编解码器、码流、设备、存储介质
WO2024168613A1 (zh) 解码方法、编码方法、解码器以及编码器
WO2024065269A1 (zh) 点云编解码方法、装置、设备及存储介质
WO2024103304A1 (zh) 点云编解码方法、编码器、解码器、码流及存储介质
WO2024187380A1 (zh) 编解码方法、码流、编码器、解码器以及存储介质
WO2024174092A1 (zh) 编解码方法、码流、编码器、解码器以及存储介质
WO2024216493A1 (zh) 点云编解码方法、编码器、解码器、码流及存储介质
TW202431856A (zh) 編解碼方法、碼流、編碼器、解碼器以及儲存媒介
WO2025039122A1 (zh) 点云编解码方法、码流、编码器、解码器以及存储介质
WO2024207235A1 (zh) 编解码方法、码流、编码器、解码器以及存储介质
TW202431857A (zh) 編解碼方法、碼流、編碼器、解碼器以及儲存媒介
WO2025039236A1 (zh) 编解码方法、码流、编码器、解码器以及存储介质
WO2025213480A1 (zh) 编解码方法及装置、点云编解码器、码流、设备、存储介质
WO2025076659A1 (zh) 点云编解码方法、码流、编码器、解码器以及存储介质
WO2025138196A1 (zh) 编解码方法、点云编解码器、码流以及存储介质
WO2025039125A1 (zh) 编解码方法、编解码器以及存储介质
WO2024148598A1 (zh) 编解码方法、编码器、解码器以及存储介质
WO2025213421A1 (zh) 编解码方法、码流、编码器、解码器以及存储介质
WO2025148027A1 (zh) 编解码方法及装置、点云编解码器、码流、设备、存储介质
WO2025138048A1 (zh) 编解码方法、码流、编码器、解码器以及存储介质
WO2024011472A1 (zh) 点云编解码方法、编解码器及计算机存储介质
WO2025039113A1 (zh) 编解码方法、码流、编码器、解码器以及存储介质
WO2025039127A1 (zh) 编解码方法、编解码器以及存储介质

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 22962343

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 202280099717.9

Country of ref document: CN

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 202280099717.9

Country of ref document: CN

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 22962343

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1