WO2024080557A1 - 폐배터리 재활용 방법 - Google Patents
폐배터리 재활용 방법 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2024080557A1 WO2024080557A1 PCT/KR2023/013196 KR2023013196W WO2024080557A1 WO 2024080557 A1 WO2024080557 A1 WO 2024080557A1 KR 2023013196 W KR2023013196 W KR 2023013196W WO 2024080557 A1 WO2024080557 A1 WO 2024080557A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- waste battery
- raw material
- weight
- carbon
- recycling method
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/005—Preliminary treatment of scrap
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/02—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/02—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes
- C22B23/021—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes by reduction in solid state, e.g. by segregation processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/10—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by solid carbonaceous reducing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/001—Dry processes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
Definitions
- This relates to a method of recycling waste batteries, and relates to a method of high-temperature reduction heat treatment for recycling waste batteries.
- lithium secondary batteries which are the main raw materials for the waste batteries, organic solvents, explosive substances, and heavy metal substances such as Ni, Co, Mn, and Fe are contained.
- Ni, Co, Mn, and Li valuable metals are contained. It has great scarcity value, and the recovery and recycling process after lithium secondary batteries are discarded is emerging as an important research field.
- black powder is a mixture of positive and negative electrode materials through the process of crushing, pulverizing, specific gravity sorting, and magnetic sorting processes of the waste batteries at the end of their life. is extracted.
- the black powder contains, for example, oxides of nickel, cobalt, manganese, lithium, aluminum, and oxygen as anode materials and some impurities such as graphite and mixtures thereof, aluminum and copper as cathode materials. Wet processes and dry processes are largely used as methods for recovering valuable metals from the black powder.
- the wet process produces NiSO 4 , CoSO 4 , MnSO 4 , and Li 2 CO 3 through leaching, solvent extraction, and lithium production.
- the graphite which is a negative electrode material contained in the black powder, does not dissolve in a strong acid atmosphere, so the leaching process takes excessive time, and as the black powder is separated together with the graphite, There is a problem with the error rate decreasing.
- the dry process is a process of removing aluminum from slag through a high-temperature dry process of the black powder, and can produce Ni-Co-Mn-C alloy.
- the dry process utilizes graphite and oxygen blowing at a high temperature, for example, in the range of 1400 to 1600 ° C. to reduce the Ni-Mn-Li-Al-O oxide in the black powder at high temperature to generate CO or CO 2 gas to produce Ni- It can be removed with Co-Mn alloy and lithium and aluminum in slag.
- NiSO 4 , CoSO 4 , and MnSO 4 are produced through the leaching-solvent extraction process within the wet process, and since the carbon is dissolved in the alloy, the leaching process time is reduced to about 70% compared to the wet process. do.
- the alloy particle size is required to be below a certain size.
- the existing process reduces the alloy particle size by spraying water on the reduced molten alloy.
- the water injection used at this time incurs significant processing costs.
- An alloy of an appropriate size is easy to separate from C in the future, and efficiency increases when the Ni alloy is melted in sulfuric acid, etc. in the post-treatment process.
- the weight ratio of carbon/nickel of the charged raw material may be 50% by weight or more and 200% by weight.
- the obtained reactant may have a particle size of 3,000 ⁇ m or less.
- the obtained reactant may have a particle size of 75 to 1,000 ⁇ m.
- the average particle size (D50) of the obtained reactant may be 250 ⁇ 50 ⁇ m.
- the amount of oxygen in the furnace may be 0.5% by volume or less.
- the weight reduction rate of carbon in the raw material may be in the range of 20 ⁇ 5% by weight.
- the heating temperature may be 1,050 to 1,300°C.
- the reaction time of the heating step may be 30 minutes or more and 240 minutes or less.
- the present invention can greatly contribute to reducing warming-related pollution by preventing the generation of a large amount of carbon dioxide generated during the existing drying process for valuable metals oxidized after crushing lithium-ion batteries or vehicle batteries.
- Figure 1 is thermodynamic data on the solidification capacity of carbon according to the temperature of nickel.
- Figure 2 shows grain size formation data and optical photographs of alloys according to C/Ni ratio.
- Figure 3 shows the results of evaluating the carbon weight reduction rate according to oxygen content.
- Figure 4 shows particle size distribution data and optical photographs of the obtained alloy according to reaction time.
- Ni-based alloy has little wettability with C in the molten state, so it is formed into spherical particles. At this time, the particle size of the alloy can be controlled by using the temperature, oxygen range, and reaction time required for high-temperature reaction.
- An alloy of an appropriate size is easy to separate from C in the future, and efficiency increases when the Ni alloy is melted in sulfuric acid, etc. in the post-treatment process.
- Valuable metals in waste batteries include Ni, Co, Mn, Cu, Al, Li, etc., and the present invention seeks to control the particle size of Ni-based alloy.
- Ni-based alloy contains Co, Mn, Cu, and Li as main ingredients, and may contain trace impurity elements such as Fe, Na, K, Mg, Cl, Si, and Ca.
- a reduction process is required to remove oxygen from the Ni-Co-Mn oxide present in existing waste batteries.
- reduction by C is intended to be performed as a reducing material.
- C can play three roles: a role of using it as a reducing material, a role of controlling particle size using the difference in wettability of C, and a role of lowering the melting point by allowing C to penetrate into the Ni-based alloy.
- the process for generating reactants is carried out in the following order: input of battery raw materials -> high temperature reaction -> cooling process -> recovery of reactants.
- the reactant is based on Ni and may include Co, Mn, C, Cu, Al, Li, etc., and may be an oxide containing some oxygen, a fluoride containing fluorine in the electrolyte solution, or carbon or a carbon compound that does not participate in reduction. It may exist in the form of compounds such as:
- Battery raw material input includes all Ni-based batteries, where C includes all C input other than that included as anode material. As explained earlier, C acts as a reducing material and causes Ni-based alloys produced at high temperatures to form a spherical shape after melting due to the difference in wettability with C.
- thermodynamic solubility in the process of changing from the solid phase of Ni to the liquid phase, C has a thermodynamic solubility of up to 0.5% in the Ni base, and at temperatures above that, it changes from the liquid phase of Ni, so it can have more C solubility. there is.
- particles can be formed at a C/Ni ratio of 20% in the raw material. Afterwards, the C in the alloyed particles is evaluated at the 0.1% level.
- Figure 2 shows grain size formation data and photographs of alloy according to C/Ni ratio.
- the process temperature was 1,250 °C
- the average size of the shredded material was 20 mm
- the holding time was 60 minutes above 1,050 °C
- oxygen was maintained below 0.5%.
- the best size is to form particles of 500 ⁇ m or less, but since particles of 3,000 ⁇ m or less can also be used, the present invention proposes a C/Ni ratio of 20% or more. The best C/Ni range is reasonably above 50%.
- carbon consumption was measured by changing the amount of oxygen in the furnace over time during a high temperature reaction at 1,250°C.
- Figure 3 shows the results of evaluating the carbon weight reduction rate according to oxygen content.
- the crushed material contained all oxidized NCM, carbon, electrolyte, and separator, and the ratio of component contents is shown in Table 2 below.
- the change in weight within the crucible containing the reactant was measured at high temperature. At this time, the weight loss in the reactant was evaluated based on the form in which carbon and oxygen meet and are converted to carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide and discharged as gas.
- the air conditions in the reactor include carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, argon, carbon hydrogen gas, and hydrogen fluoride in addition to oxygen volume percent.
- Ni-based alloys with a size of about 75 to 3000 ⁇ m were formed, but as the process time exceeded 360 minutes, most alloys were 5,000 ⁇ m or larger.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (9)
- 폐배터리 원료 물질을 투입하는 장입하는 단계;장입하여 투입된 상기 원료 물질을 가열하는 단계;열처리된 생성물을 냉각하는 단계; 및냉각된 반응물을 배출하는 단계를 포함하고,상기 폐배터리 원료 물질을 투입하는 장입하는 단계에서,장입된 원료 물질 내 탄소/니켈의 중량비율은 20 중량% 이상인 것인 폐배터리 재활용 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 장입된 원료 물질 내 탄소/니켈의 중량비율은 50 중량% 이상 및 200 중량%인 것인 폐배터리 재활용 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 수득된 반응물은 3,000 ㎛ 이하의 입도를 가지는 것인 폐배터리 재활용 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 수득된 반응물은 75 내지 1,000 ㎛ 입도를 가지는 것인 폐배터리 재활용 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 수득된 반응물의 평균 입도(D50)는 250±50 ㎛인 것인 폐배터리 재활용 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 장입하여 투입된 상기 원료 물질을 가열하는 단계;에서,로 내 산소량은 0.5 부피% 이하인 것인 폐배터리 재활용 방법.
- 제6항에 있어서,상기 장입하여 투입된 상기 원료 물질을 가열하는 단계;에서, 원료 물질 내 탄소 무게 감소율이 20±5 중량% 범위인 것인 폐배터리 재활용 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 장입하여 투입된 상기 원료 물질을 가열하는 단계;에서, 가열 온도는 1,050 내지 1,300 ℃인 것인 폐배터리 재활용 방법.
- 제8항에 있어서,상기 가열하는 단계의 반응 시간은 30분 이상 및 240분 이하인 것인 폐배터리 재활용 방법.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2025513286A JP2025532767A (ja) | 2022-10-12 | 2023-09-04 | 廃バッテリーリサイクル方法 |
| EP23877487.1A EP4604264A1 (en) | 2022-10-12 | 2023-09-04 | Method for recycling waste batteries |
| CN202380061967.8A CN119768952A (zh) | 2022-10-12 | 2023-09-04 | 废电池再利用方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020220130603A KR102885576B1 (ko) | 2022-10-12 | 2022-10-12 | 폐배터리 재활용 방법 |
| KR10-2022-0130603 | 2022-10-12 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2024080557A1 true WO2024080557A1 (ko) | 2024-04-18 |
Family
ID=90669477
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/KR2023/013196 Ceased WO2024080557A1 (ko) | 2022-10-12 | 2023-09-04 | 폐배터리 재활용 방법 |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4604264A1 (ko) |
| JP (1) | JP2025532767A (ko) |
| KR (1) | KR102885576B1 (ko) |
| CN (1) | CN119768952A (ko) |
| WO (1) | WO2024080557A1 (ko) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100796369B1 (ko) * | 2007-04-26 | 2008-01-21 | 주식회사 리싸이텍코리아 | 폐리튬이온전지로부터 유가금속 및 재생플라스틱의회수방법 |
| KR20150094412A (ko) * | 2014-02-11 | 2015-08-19 | 타운마이닝캄파니(주) | 폐 리튬 이온전지의 양극물질로부터 유가 금속을 회수하는 방법 |
| KR20200065503A (ko) * | 2018-11-30 | 2020-06-09 | 주식회사 포스코 | 리튬이온 전지 양극재 스크랩으로부터 유가금속 회수 방법 |
| WO2022019172A1 (ja) * | 2020-07-21 | 2022-01-27 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | 有価金属を回収する方法 |
| KR20220070764A (ko) * | 2020-11-23 | 2022-05-31 | 한국해양대학교 산학협력단 | 폐리튬이온전지의 양극재 재활용방법 |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100717389B1 (ko) * | 2005-10-31 | 2007-05-15 | 주식회사 리싸이텍코리아 | 폐리튬이온전지의 유가금속 회수방법 |
| KR20210075502A (ko) * | 2019-12-13 | 2021-06-23 | 주식회사 포스코 | 폐 리튬이온전지의 양극재로부터 유가금속 회수방법 |
| KR102350008B1 (ko) * | 2021-07-05 | 2022-01-11 | 주식회사 에코프로이노베이션 | 폐전극소재를 이용한 리튬과 유가금속의 분리 회수방법 |
-
2022
- 2022-10-12 KR KR1020220130603A patent/KR102885576B1/ko active Active
-
2023
- 2023-09-04 JP JP2025513286A patent/JP2025532767A/ja active Pending
- 2023-09-04 CN CN202380061967.8A patent/CN119768952A/zh active Pending
- 2023-09-04 EP EP23877487.1A patent/EP4604264A1/en active Pending
- 2023-09-04 WO PCT/KR2023/013196 patent/WO2024080557A1/ko not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100796369B1 (ko) * | 2007-04-26 | 2008-01-21 | 주식회사 리싸이텍코리아 | 폐리튬이온전지로부터 유가금속 및 재생플라스틱의회수방법 |
| KR20150094412A (ko) * | 2014-02-11 | 2015-08-19 | 타운마이닝캄파니(주) | 폐 리튬 이온전지의 양극물질로부터 유가 금속을 회수하는 방법 |
| KR20200065503A (ko) * | 2018-11-30 | 2020-06-09 | 주식회사 포스코 | 리튬이온 전지 양극재 스크랩으로부터 유가금속 회수 방법 |
| WO2022019172A1 (ja) * | 2020-07-21 | 2022-01-27 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | 有価金属を回収する方法 |
| KR20220070764A (ko) * | 2020-11-23 | 2022-05-31 | 한국해양대학교 산학협력단 | 폐리튬이온전지의 양극재 재활용방법 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20240050785A (ko) | 2024-04-19 |
| EP4604264A1 (en) | 2025-08-20 |
| KR102885576B1 (ko) | 2025-11-12 |
| CN119768952A (zh) | 2025-04-04 |
| JP2025532767A (ja) | 2025-10-03 |
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