WO2024079430A1 - Réalisation d'un composant de batterie métal-ion à electrolyte organique liquide, et cellule électrochimique comportant un tel composant - Google Patents
Réalisation d'un composant de batterie métal-ion à electrolyte organique liquide, et cellule électrochimique comportant un tel composant Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024079430A1 WO2024079430A1 PCT/FR2023/051600 FR2023051600W WO2024079430A1 WO 2024079430 A1 WO2024079430 A1 WO 2024079430A1 FR 2023051600 W FR2023051600 W FR 2023051600W WO 2024079430 A1 WO2024079430 A1 WO 2024079430A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0411—Methods of deposition of the material by extrusion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/403—Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/446—Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention belongs to the technical field of metal-ion battery components (positive electrode, negative electrode or separator), obtained by extrusion directly in the form of films, or shaped from composite filaments or composite granules by a molten material deposition method.
- the present invention relates more particularly to a process for manufacturing such components, the components capable of being obtained by this process and the use of these components in the manufacture of an electrochemical cell with liquid organic electrolyte.
- the metal-ion battery (lithium or sodium) with liquid organic electrolyte is the technology of choice for many applications (mobile devices, automotive, stationary, aeronautics, etc.) and their large-scale sale encourages researchers to always increase their performance and develop sustainable and environmentally friendly manufacturing processes.
- Additive manufacturing (usually referred to by the acronym FA), and in particular the molten material deposition process (internationally referred to by the acronyms in English FFF for “Fused Filaments Fabrication” or FGF for “Fused Granular Fabrication” ) is attractive because it allows design flexibility and solvent-free manufacturing.
- this technology also called 3D printing process, it is possible on the one hand to produce three-dimensional battery architectures with higher active surface areas which theoretically increase the specific capacity at high cycling speeds.
- this technology allows the battery to adapt perfectly to the shape of the final object, thus maximizing energy storage capacities.
- [4] 3D printing a battery requires the production of filaments or composite granules corresponding to the different components: separator, positive and negative electrodes.
- These composite filaments or granules typically comprise a thermoplastic polymer matrix in which different materials such as materials electrochemically active components, electrically conductive components, ceramic nanoparticles, plasticizers, etc. are added based on their targeted role.
- either the polymer could be impregnated with electrolyte but the mechanical integrity was lost after a few cycles and the performance of the battery was affected accordingly.
- the electrode of WO 2016/036607 contains at most only 50% by weight of electrochemically active material, and typically between 10% and 30% by weight relative to the weight of the polymer.
- international application WO 2019/2019202600 also teaches the production by additive manufacturing of an electrode having a single functional polymer, in which the electronically conductive carbon (at a rate of 50 to 70% by weight) and the electrochemically material are dispersed. active.
- thermoplastic polymer compositions including a first apolar polymer composition comprising at least a first apolar thermoplastic polymer, said first apolar thermoplastic polymer having a melting temperature Tfl and having no affinity with the liquid organic electrolyte of said metal-ion battery into which it is intended to be integrated, and a second polar polymer composition comprising at least one polar thermoplastic polymer, said polar thermoplastic polymer having a melting temperature Tf2 and having an affinity with said liquid organic electrolyte, said apolar thermoplastic polymer and said first polar thermoplastic polymer being immiscible, b. mixing said at least first and second nonpolar and polar polymer compositions, to form a thermoplastic polymer mixture; vs.
- polymers derived from a given monomer means both homopolymers derived from this single monomer and copolymers derived from this given monomer and at least one other different monomer.
- co-continuous morphology means a polymer matrix comprising a mixture of immiscible polymers each forming a continuous network within the matrix.
- thermoplastic polymer mixture obtained in step b) comprises only the first and second thermoplastic polymer compositions (without plasticizer type additives)
- the melting temperature of the polymer mixture thermoplastic will correspond to the higher of temperatures Tfl and Tf2.
- the melting temperature of the thermoplastic polymer mixture can be lower than Tf2.
- the first non-polar polymer composition comprises a first non-polar thermoplastic polymer, which ensures the mechanical stability of the component during operation of the battery.
- the first non-polar thermoplastic polymer is inert with respect to the electrolyte.
- the first polymer composition can include, if necessary (if the component is an electrode), the active material and the carbon fillers, therefore playing the role of host structure and ensuring the mechanical strength of the electrode.
- apolar thermoplastic polymers which can be used in the context of the present invention, mention may in particular be made of olefins and their mixtures, and preferably a polypropylene (PP) or a polyethylene (PE).
- PP polypropylene
- PE polyethylene
- the first apolar polymer composition may also comprise a second apolar thermoplastic polymer chosen from saturated (for example olefin type copolymers) or unsaturated (for example polystyrene or SBR) elastomeric apolar polymers and/or mixtures thereof.
- a second apolar thermoplastic polymer chosen from saturated (for example olefin type copolymers) or unsaturated (for example polystyrene or SBR) elastomeric apolar polymers and/or mixtures thereof.
- An elastomer based on polypropylene (PBE) will preferably be used as the second non-polar polymer.
- This second apolar polymer makes it possible to provide greater flexibility to the final component obtained (which can be in the form of a filament, and preferably in the form of a windable filament), while also being inert with respect to the electrolyte .
- the second polar polymer composition comprises a polar thermoplastic polymer, which has an affinity with the electrolyte, promoting the impregnation of the battery component and the diffusion of lithium ions within their structure.
- esters such as polycaprolactone (PCL), ethers such as POE (polyethylene oxide), carbonates, polyamides, polycaprolactone (PCL) and PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride).
- the first and second polymer compositions can be solvent-solved.
- the first non-polar polymer composition will further comprise a non-polar solvent and the second polar composition will further comprise a polar solvent.
- Step b) of mixing the first and second apolar and polar polymer compositions can then advantageously be carried out for a period of between 1 minute and 30 minutes and at the higher temperature of the two solutions after complete dissolution of said polar and apolar polymers in their respective solvents.
- Said apolar and polar thermoplastic polymers will have been previously dissolved in their respective solvents, advantageously for a period of between 30 minutes and 24 hours.
- the method according to the invention will further comprise, between said mixing steps b) and extrusion c) a step b') of spreading said composite composition on a flat surface so as to form a composite film , followed by a drying step b"), said composite film then being cut into pieces during a cutting step b'") intended to be inserted into said extruder.
- apolar solvents which can be used in the context of the present invention for dissolving apolar polymers, mention may in particular be made in a non-limiting manner of solvents whose resulting dipole moment is zero, such as hydrocarbons and carbon tetrachloride.
- polar solvents which can be used in the context of the present invention to dissolve polar polymers, mention may in particular be made in a non-limiting manner of solvents whose resulting dipole moment is non-zero, such as dichloromethane, N-methyl -2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and acetone.
- NMP N-methyl -2-pyrrolidone
- the first and second apolar and polar polymer compositions may be free of solvent and introduced separately or mixed into the extruder to carry out mixing step b).
- the metal-ion battery component with liquid organic electrolyte that we seek to produce is an electrode
- the active materials must operate within the electrochemical stability window of the two thermoplastic polymers.
- Another variant would consist of introducing these fillers into the apolar polymer solution (first embodiment of the process according to the invention) or directly with the apolar polymer (solvent-free route) during the extrusion step.
- electrochemically active material a compound chosen from compounds with an olivine structure such as LiFeP ⁇ 4, lamellar compounds of the LiMCh or NaMCh type with M designating a metallic element among Co , Ni, Mn, Al alone or mixture), oxides, sulphides, compounds with a NaSICON type structure, and compounds with a spinel structure of the LiMmCU type, whether they are stoichiometric, super-stoichiometric or sub-stoichiometric in metal ion .
- compounds with an olivine structure such as LiFeP ⁇ 4, lamellar compounds of the LiMCh or NaMCh type with M designating a metallic element among Co , Ni, Mn, Al alone or mixture
- oxides, sulphides compounds with a NaSICON type structure
- compounds with a spinel structure of the LiMmCU type whether they are stoichiometric, super-stoichiometric or sub-stoichiometric in metal ion .
- a compound chosen from the following compounds taken alone or in combination may be used as electrochemically active material.
- mixture carbon, I ⁇ TisO, metallic and intermetallic compounds, alloys, silicon, oxides, sulphides.
- carbon nanofibers (usually designated by the acronym CNF) and/or carbon nanotubes (usually designated by the acronym CNT) could advantageously be used in the context of the present invention. and/or carbon black.
- the component of the metal-ion battery with liquid organic electrolyte that we seek to produce is a separator
- a thermoplastic polymer blend of at least two immiscible thermoplastic polymers free of electrochemically active material and electronically conductive carbon.
- such a mixture of at least two immiscible thermoplastic polymers may also comprise an electrochemically inactive and insulating material, for example silica to increase the mechanical strength and/or wettability of the separator by the electrolyte.
- step c The process according to the invention allows, up to step c), to produce composite films or composite filaments and composite granules.
- a preferred variant of the method according to the invention may also comprise an additional step d) .
- step d) will be a 3D printing step to produce by FFF or FGF, a metal-ion battery component with liquid organic electrolyte such as electrodes (positive or negative) or separator.
- step d) will be an assembly step to produce, from these composite films, a metal-battery. ion with liquid organic electrolyte (for example the following configurations button cell, cell with a flexible envelope (called “pouch cell”), prismatic cell, cyclindric).
- liquid organic electrolyte for example the following configurations button cell, cell with a flexible envelope (called “pouch cell”), prismatic cell, cyclindric.
- the present invention also relates to a metal-ion battery component with liquid organic electrolyte capable of being obtained by the preferred variant of the process according to the invention.
- the level of electrochemically active material in the battery component according to the invention may be at least 50% by weight relative to the weight of said component, and up to 65% by weight in the case of components in the form of filaments and 75% in the case of components in the form of granules.
- the process according to the invention thus allows the production of custom batteries with a shape that can adapt, on demand, to the object that they must supply with energy.
- the present invention also relates to an electrochemical cell comprising at least one battery component according to the invention.
- FIG 1 Figure 1 schematically represents the different stages of the solvent production process of a Li-ion battery positive electrode filament in accordance with the first embodiment of the process according to the invention
- FIG 2 Figure 2 schematically represents the different stages of the dry process of producing a Li-ion battery positive electrode filament in accordance with the second embodiment of the process according to the invention (solvent-free process). , first variant);
- FIG 3 Figure 3 schematically represents the different stages of the dry process of producing a Li-ion battery positive electrode filament in accordance with the second embodiment of the process according to the invention (solvent-free process). , second variant);
- FIG 4 Figure 4 schematically represents the different stages of the dry process of producing a Li-ion battery positive electrode filament using a semi-industrial twin-screw extruder, in accordance with the second mode of carrying out the process according to the invention (solvent-free route, second variant);
- Figure 5 includes scanning electron microscopy images in backscattered electron mode of the surface of the electrode disk of Example 1: the left image a) showing the plate face, and the image on the right b) the nozzle face;
- Figure 6 includes scanning electron microscopy images (or SEM images) produced on a transverse section of the printed electrode disk of Example 2;
- Figure 7 includes scanning electron microscopy images (or SEM images) produced on a transverse section of the printed electrode disk of Example 3;
- Figure 8 includes scanning electron microscopy images (or SEM images) produced on a transverse section of the printed electrode disk of Example 4: this electrode disk shows PCL at its heart / LTO (white grains) / CNF (Long tube) / PBE and PP (dark background);
- FIG 9 shows the specific capacities as a function of the number of cycles of a cell cycled at room temperature containing the printed disk obtained in Example 1 as working electrode, metallic lithium as counter electrode and a fiberglass separator impregnated with the electrolyte LiPF6 (IM) in CE (ethylene carbonate): CDE (diethyl carbonate) (1: 1 mass ratio)
- IM electrolyte LiPF6
- FIG 10 shows the specific capacities as a function of the number of cycles of a cell cycled at 25°C, containing the printed disk obtained in Example 2 as working electrode, metallic lithium in as a counter electrode and a fiberglass separator impregnated with the electrolyte LiPF6 (IM) in CE: CDM (dimethyl carbonate) (3:7 mass ratio);
- IM electrolyte LiPF6
- FIG 11 shows the specific capacities as a function of the number of cycles of a cell cycled at 25°C, containing the printed disk obtained in Example 3 as working electrode, metallic lithium in as a counter electrode and a fiberglass separator impregnated with the electrolyte LiPF6 (IM) in CE: CDM (3:7 mass ratio);
- IM electrolyte LiPF6
- FIG 12 shows the specific capacities as a function of the number of cycles of a cell cycled at 25°C, containing the printed disk obtained in Example 4 as working electrode, metallic lithium in as a counter electrode and a fiberglass separator impregnated with the electrolyte LiPF6 (IM) in CE: CME (methyl and ethyl carbonate) (3:7 mass ratio).
- IM electrolyte LiPF6
- FIG 13 shows the specific capacities as a function of the number of cycles of a cell cycled at 25°C, containing the printed disk obtained in Example 5 as working electrode, metallic lithium in as a counter electrode and a fiberglass separator impregnated with the electrolyte LiPF6 (IM) in CE: CME (methyl and ethyl carbonate) (3:7 mass ratio).
- IM electrolyte LiPF6
- Figure 14 shows the conductivity value of a printed separator of the PP/PCL polymer mixture (50/50 mass ratio) impregnated with the LiPF6 electrolyte (IM) in CE/CME (3/7 mass ratio), compared to the values obtained in a fiberglass separator and a commercial PP separator;
- IM LiPF6 electrolyte
- FIG 15 Figure 15 schematically illustrates the main stages of preparation of composite discs from the filament prepared by the solvent method; the disc contains only one thermoplastic polar polymer of the PLA type;
- FIG 16 shows the evolution of the specific capacities as a function of the number of cycles of a cell cycled at room temperature containing a printed disk based on the positive active material Graphite (+PLA, PEGDME500, graphite, C45 ) as working electrode, metallic lithium as counter electrode and a fiberglass separator impregnated with the electrolyte LiPF6 (IM) in EC: DEC (1: 1 mass ratio);
- Figure 17 shows transmission electron microscopy images of a section made on a negative electrode filament comprising: on part (a) small particles of CSP carbon black dispersed in the PLA (rear -gray plane), and on part b) a higher magnification image in a region close to a graphite particle (circled in red);
- Figure 18 is a scanning electron microscopy image of cracks observed in the negative electrode of Example 4 after cycling.
- LiFePCri (usually designated by the acronym LFP, particle size D50: 2-6 um)
- LTO Li4TisOi2
- CNF 100 nm wide x 20-200 um long
- EXAMPLE 1 preparation by solvent method of a positive electrode disk of a Li-ion battery in accordance with the first embodiment of the process according to the invention
- a positive electrode disk of a Li-ion battery is produced by 3D printing according to the first embodiment of the method according to the invention.
- An extruder for manufacturing the filament is fed with pieces of a composite film prepared by solvent.
- This film is made up of two thermoplastic polymers, the polypropylene (PP) polymer which is inert with respect to the electrolyte and the poly(ethylene oxide) responsible for conveying the electrolyte within the electrode by impregnation, of the active material LiFcPCU (particle size D50: 2-6 um) and two electronic conductive carbons of nano fiber type (CNF: 100 nm wide x 20-200 um long) and nanotube (CNT; 9.5 nm wide x 1.5um long), according to the following mass percentages: PP: 33%, POE: 13%, LiFePO 4 : 49%, CNF: 2.5%, CNT: 2.5%.
- the manufacturing of the composite film includes the following steps: PP and POE polymers are first dissolved separately in cyclohexane at 110°C and dichloromethane at room temperature, respectively. The two solutions are mixed then the fillers (carbon then LiFePO4) are added. The mixture is spread on a glass plate. After drying, the thin film is cut into pieces, which are then fed into the extruder.
- the 2 mm diameter filament is obtained using the laboratory extruder fitted with two co-rotating screws, at a temperature of 190°C.
- the residence time of the material in the extruder (7 cm 3 ) is approximately 15 minutes and the rotation speed of the screws is 50 rpm.
- the filament thus obtained has an electronic conductivity of approximately 9 10' 2 S/cm.
- the printed disk is cycled in an electrochemical cell comprising this working electrode facing a counter electrode based on metallic lithium and a fiberglass separator impregnated with the liquid electrolyte.
- This is composed of the lithium salt LiPFe (IM) solubilized in a mixture of CE (ethylene carbonate) and CDE (diethyl carbonate), with a mass ratio of 1:1.
- EXAMPLE 2 dry preparation of a Li-ion battery positive electrode disc in accordance with the second embodiment of the process according to the invention (solvent-free route, first variant)
- This example describes the stages of dry production of a positive electrode disk of a Li-ion battery according to the second embodiment of the method according to the invention (as illustrated in Figure 2).
- the filament (diameter 2 mm) is manufactured using the laboratory extruder equipped with two co-rotating screws.
- the extrusion temperature is set at 200°C
- the residence time of the material in the extruder (7 cm 3 ) is approximately 15 minutes
- the rotation speed of the screws is 50 rpm.
- the extruder is supplied with the following constituents: two thermoplastic polymers in the form of granules, the polypropylene polymer (PP) inert with respect to the electrolyte and the polycaprolactone (PCL) responsible for conveying the electrolyte within the electrode by impregnation, the active material LiFcPCL (particle size D50: 2-6 um) and an electronic conductive carbon of nano fiber type (CNF: 100 nm wide x 20-200um long), according to the following mass percentages: PP: 23.7%, PCL: 15.8%, LiFePCL: 55%, CNF: 5.5%.
- the introduction of these constituents into the extruder at 215°C was carried out in two stages.
- the PP and PCL granules are introduced first to ensure the homogeneity of the mixture of molten polymers, then the homogeneous mixture of fillers, LiFcPCL and carbon, is added. These two powders are mixed beforehand, for 10 hours, in a container containing zircon beads subjected to three-dimensional movement.
- the filament thus obtained has an electronic conductivity of approximately 8.3 S/m.
- the printed disk is cycled in an electrochemical cell comprising this working electrode facing a counter electrode based on metallic lithium and a fiberglass separator impregnated with the liquid electrolyte.
- This is composed of the lithium salt LiPFe (IM) solubilized in a mixture of CE (ethylene carbonate) and CDM (dimethyl carbonate), with a mass ratio of 3:7.
- the cell undergoes a storage step at 47°C for 24 hours to allow the impregnation of the electrolyte within the electrode. Then, it is cycled at 25°C, at constant current between 2.6 and 4V versus Li + /Li°.
- the capacities calculated per gram of active ingredient LFP are obtained at a rate of C/40 (156 mAh/g) and C/20 (146 mAh/g), C/10 (138 mAh/g) are close to the capacity theoretical LFP of 170 mAh/g, as illustrated in Figure 10.
- EXAMPLE 3 dry preparation of a Li-ion battery positive electrode disc in accordance with the second embodiment of the process according to the invention (solvent-free route, second variant)
- the filament (diameter 2 mm) is manufactured using the laboratory extruder equipped with two co-rotating screws.
- the extrusion temperature is set at 215°C
- the residence time of the material in the extruder (7 cm 3 ) is approximately 15 minutes
- the rotation speed of the screws is 50 rpm.
- the extruder is fed by three thermoplastic polymers in the form of granules: the polypropylene polymer (PP) inert with respect to the electrolyte, a polyolefin-based elastomer (PBE) providing greater flexibility to the final filament and being also inert with respect to the electrolyte, and polycaprolactone (PCL) completes this mixture, it is responsible for conveying the electrolyte within the electrode by impregnation.
- PP polypropylene polymer
- PBE polyolefin-based elastomer
- PCL polycaprolactone
- LFP active material and a nano fiber type carbon are incorporated (CNF: 100 nm wide x 20-200 um long), according to the following mass percentages: PP: 17.775%, PBE: 5.925%: PCL: 15.8% , LFP: 55%, CNF: 5.5%.
- the filament thus obtained has an electronic conductivity of approximately 4.84 S/m.
- the cell undergoes a storage step at room temperature for 24 hours to allow the impregnation of the electrolyte within the electrode. Then, it is cycled at 25°C, at constant current between 2.8 and 4V versus Li + /Li°.
- the capacities are calculated per gram of active ingredient of LiFcPCU, they are obtained at a rate of C/40 (165 mAh/g), C/20 (149 mAh/g) and C/10 (143 mAh/g), C /5 (131.5mAh/g), C/2 (102mAh/g) and C/10 (143 mAh/g), as shown in Figure 11.
- EXAMPLE 4 dry production of a Li-ion battery negative electrode disc in accordance with the second embodiment of the process according to the invention
- the filament (diameter 2 mm) is manufactured using the laboratory extruder equipped with two co-rotating screws.
- the extrusion temperature is set at 215°C
- the residence time of the material in the extruder (7 cm 3 ) is approximately 15 minutes
- the rotation speed of the screws is 50 rpm.
- the extruder is fed by three thermoplastic polymers in the form of granules: the polypropylene polymer (PP) inert with respect to the electrolyte, a polyolefin-based elastomer (PBE) providing greater flexibility to the final filament and also being inert with respect to the electrolyte; polycapro lactone (PCL) completes this mixture to convey the electrolyte within the electrode by impregnation.
- PP polypropylene polymer
- PBE polyolefin-based elastomer
- PCL polycapro lactone
- the filament thus obtained has an electronic conductivity of approximately 3.91 S/m.
- the printed disk is cycled in an electrochemical cell comprising this working electrode facing a counter electrode based on metallic lithium and a fiberglass separator impregnated with the liquid electrolyte.
- This is composed of the lithium salt LiPFe (IM) solubilized in a mixture of CE (ethylene carbonate) and CME (methyl ethyl carbonate), with a mass ratio of 3:7.
- the cell undergoes a storage step at room temperature for 24 hours to allow the impregnation of the electrolyte within the electrode. Then, it is cycled at 25°C, at constant current between 1 and 2V versus Li + /Li°.
- the capacities calculated per gram of active LTO material are obtained at a rate of C/40 (136 mAh/g), C/20 (129 mAh/g), C/10 (110 mAh/g), C/5 (70 mAh/g), C/2 (20 mAh/g), and C/10 (110 mAh/g), as shown in Figure 12.
- EXAMPLE 5 dry production of a Li-ion battery negative electrode disc in accordance with the second embodiment of the process according to the invention
- the filament (diameter 2 mm) of final composition PP/PBE/PCL/LTO/CNF/CNT (according to the mass percentages 11.85/11.85/15.8/55/2.75/2.75) is manufactured using using a semi-industrial extruder equipped with two co-rotating screws.
- the extrusion temperature is set at 215°C.
- the torque on the screws is set at 6Nm.
- the extruder is first supplied with the three thermoplastic polymers in the form of granules: the polypropylene polymer (PP) which is inert with respect to the electrolyte, a polyolefin-based elastomer (PBE) providing greater great flexibility in the final filament and also being inert with respect to the electrolyte; polycaprolactone (PCL) completes this mixture to convey the electrolyte within the electrode by impregnation.
- PP polypropylene polymer
- PBE polyolefin-based elastomer
- PCL polycaprolactone
- the filament thus obtained feeds a printer (Original Prusa i3 MK3 3D) whose temperature of the nozzle and the plate are respectively 220 and 50 ° C, for printing the disc of 12.5 cm in diameter and 200 iim d 'thickness.
- a printer Olinal Prusa i3 MK3 3D
- the printed disk is cycled in an electrochemical cell comprising this working electrode facing a counter electrode based on metallic lithium and a fiberglass separator impregnated with the liquid electrolyte.
- This is composed of the lithium salt LiPFe (IM) solubilized in a mixture of CE (ethylene carbonate) and CME (methyl ethyl carbonate), with a mass ratio of 3:7.
- the cell undergoes a storage step at room temperature for 24 hours to allow the impregnation of the electrolyte within the electrode. Then, it is cycled at 25°C, at constant current between 1 and 2V versus Li + /Li°.
- the capacities calculated per gram of active ingredient of LTO are obtained at a rate of C/40 (140.3 mAh/g), C/20 (138 mAh/g), C/10 (134.3 mAh/g) , C/5 (129.2 mAh/g), C/2 (110.1 mAh/g), and C/10 (135.2 mAh/g), as illustrated in Figure 13.
- the industrial process leads to a strong improvement in the performance of the printed electrode at rapid cycling speed (comparison of Figure 12 and Figure 13 C/5 and C/2).
- EXAMPLE 6 dry production of a Li-ion battery separator in accordance with the first / second embodiment of the process according to the invention.
- a Li-ion battery separator disc is made by FFF (3D printing).
- the filament (diameter 2 mm) is manufactured using a laboratory extruder (HAAKE MiniLab III, Thermo Scientific) equipped with two co-rotating screws.
- the extrusion temperature is set at 215°C
- the residence time of the material in the extruder (7 cm 3 ) is approximately 15 minutes
- the rotation speed of the screws is 50 rpm.
- the extruder is fed with two thermoplastic polymers in the form of granules, the non-polar polymer PP (polypropylene) and the polar polymer PCL (polycaprolactone) in the following mass percentages: PP: 60%, PCL: 40%.
- PP polypropylene
- PCL polycaprolactone
- the filament obtained feeds a 3D printer (Original Prusa i3 MK3 3D) whose nozzle and plate temperature are respectively 220 and 50 °C, for printing the 12.5 cm diameter disc and 200imm thick.
- This printed separator is impregnated with the liquid electrolyte composed of lithium salt LiPFe (IM) solubilized in a mixture of CE and CME, with a mass ratio of 3:7 then introduced into an electrochemical cell to measure the ionic conductivity at 25 °C.
- IM lithium salt LiPFe
- the ionic conductivity obtained is 1.87 10' 4 S/cm, a value close to the conductivities obtained in a commercial polypropylene separator (thickness 25 iim, porosity 50%) and in a fiberglass separator, of 1.2 10' 3 and 3.1 10' 3 S/cm respectively.
- a Li-ion battery negative electrode disc is made by 3D printing using the fused filament manufacturing (FFF) process.
- the extruder used to manufacture the filament is fed with pieces of a composite film prepared by solvent.
- FFF fused filament manufacturing
- the plasticizer is added to provide a minimum of flexibility to the filament in order to make it printable, without plasticizer this film is very brittle.
- the manufacture of the composite film includes the following steps: the PLA polymer is dissolved for 2 hours in dichloromethane at room temperature, then the plasticizer and fillers (C45 carbons and graphite) are added. These two powders C45 and graphite are previously mixed, for 1 Oh, in a container containing zircon beads subjected to three-dimensional movement.
- the 2 mm diameter filament is manufactured using a single-screw extruder (Filabot Original), at a temperature of 190°C.
- the printed disk is cycled in an electrochemical cell comprising this working electrode facing a counter electrode based on metallic lithium and a fiberglass separator impregnated with the liquid electrolyte.
- This is composed of the lithium salt LiPFe (IM) solubilized in a mixture of CE (ethylene carbonate) and CDE (diethyl carbonate), with a mass ratio of 1:1.
- the cell undergoes a storage step at room temperature for 24 hours in order to allow the impregnation of the electrolyte within the electrode.
- the cell is cycled at room temperature, at constant current between 2.6 and 4V versus Li + /Li°.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Cell Separators (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2025521383A JP2025534034A (ja) | 2022-10-14 | 2023-10-13 | 液体有機電解質金属イオン電池部品の製造、及び該部品を備える電気化学セル |
| KR1020257015740A KR20250093519A (ko) | 2022-10-14 | 2023-10-13 | 액상 유기 전해질 금속 이온 배터리 부품의 제조 및 이를 포함한 전기화학 셀 |
| EP23809277.9A EP4602660A1 (fr) | 2022-10-14 | 2023-10-13 | Réalisation d'un composant de batterie métal-ion à electrolyte organique liquide, et cellule électrochimique comportant un tel composant |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FRFR2210610 | 2022-10-14 | ||
| FR2210610A FR3140998B1 (fr) | 2022-10-14 | 2022-10-14 | Realisation d’un composant de batterie metal-ion a electrolyte organique liquide, et cellule electrochimique comportant un tel composant. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2024079430A1 true WO2024079430A1 (fr) | 2024-04-18 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2023/051600 Ceased WO2024079430A1 (fr) | 2022-10-14 | 2023-10-13 | Réalisation d'un composant de batterie métal-ion à electrolyte organique liquide, et cellule électrochimique comportant un tel composant |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4602660A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2025534034A (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20250093519A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3140998B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024079430A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3156595A1 (fr) * | 2023-12-11 | 2025-06-13 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Procédé de préparation d’une électrode par extrusion |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102286200A (zh) * | 2010-06-18 | 2011-12-21 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种聚酰胺/聚丙烯复合材料及其制备方法 |
| WO2016036607A1 (fr) | 2014-09-02 | 2016-03-10 | Graphene 3D Lab Inc. | Dispositifs électrochimiques comprenant des matériaux en carbone nanoscopiques conçus par fabrication additive |
| CN106928542A (zh) * | 2015-12-31 | 2017-07-07 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 一种聚丙烯/聚苯醚pp/ppo合金及其制备方法 |
| WO2019202600A1 (fr) | 2018-04-17 | 2019-10-24 | Ramot At Tel-Aviv University Ltd. | Fabrication d'additif à l'aide de formulations électrochimiquement actives |
| KR20200133674A (ko) * | 2019-05-20 | 2020-11-30 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 리튬이차전지용 분리막 및 그의 제조방법 |
| CN109721786B (zh) * | 2017-10-27 | 2022-07-12 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种聚乙烯复合材料及其制备方法 |
-
2022
- 2022-10-14 FR FR2210610A patent/FR3140998B1/fr active Active
-
2023
- 2023-10-13 EP EP23809277.9A patent/EP4602660A1/fr active Pending
- 2023-10-13 WO PCT/FR2023/051600 patent/WO2024079430A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2023-10-13 KR KR1020257015740A patent/KR20250093519A/ko active Pending
- 2023-10-13 JP JP2025521383A patent/JP2025534034A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102286200A (zh) * | 2010-06-18 | 2011-12-21 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种聚酰胺/聚丙烯复合材料及其制备方法 |
| WO2016036607A1 (fr) | 2014-09-02 | 2016-03-10 | Graphene 3D Lab Inc. | Dispositifs électrochimiques comprenant des matériaux en carbone nanoscopiques conçus par fabrication additive |
| CN106928542A (zh) * | 2015-12-31 | 2017-07-07 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 一种聚丙烯/聚苯醚pp/ppo合金及其制备方法 |
| CN109721786B (zh) * | 2017-10-27 | 2022-07-12 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种聚乙烯复合材料及其制备方法 |
| WO2019202600A1 (fr) | 2018-04-17 | 2019-10-24 | Ramot At Tel-Aviv University Ltd. | Fabrication d'additif à l'aide de formulations électrochimiquement actives |
| US20210027954A1 (en) * | 2018-04-17 | 2021-01-28 | Ramot At Tel-Aviv University Ltd. | Additive manufacturing using electrochemically active formulations |
| KR20200133674A (ko) * | 2019-05-20 | 2020-11-30 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 리튬이차전지용 분리막 및 그의 제조방법 |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3156595A1 (fr) * | 2023-12-11 | 2025-06-13 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Procédé de préparation d’une électrode par extrusion |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2025534034A (ja) | 2025-10-09 |
| FR3140998B1 (fr) | 2025-02-14 |
| FR3140998A1 (fr) | 2024-04-19 |
| KR20250093519A (ko) | 2025-06-24 |
| EP4602660A1 (fr) | 2025-08-20 |
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