WO2024079357A1 - Produit refractaire alumine-zircone-silice - Google Patents
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
- C04B35/107—Refractories by fusion casting
- C04B35/109—Refractories by fusion casting containing zirconium oxide or zircon (ZrSiO4)
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- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/42—Details of construction of furnace walls, e.g. to prevent corrosion; Use of materials for furnace walls
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- C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
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Definitions
- the invention relates to a fused AZS (Alumina-Zircona-Silica) refractory product as well as a glass melting furnace comprising such a product.
- AZS Allumina-Zircona-Silica
- Glass melting furnaces generally include a very large number of refractory products, arranged in different locations depending on their properties. For each part of the oven, the product chosen will be one that does not cause defects rendering the glass unusable (which would reduce production yields) and is resistant long enough to give the oven a satisfactory lifespan.
- molten blocks most often include an intergranular vitreous phase connecting crystallized grains.
- the problems posed by sintered blocks and molten blocks, and the technical solutions adopted to solve them, are therefore generally different.
- a composition developed to manufacture a sintered block is therefore not a priori usable as is to manufacture a molten block, and vice versa.
- Molten blocks are obtained by melting a mixture of suitable raw materials in an electric arc furnace or by any other suitable technique. The molten material is then conventionally poured into a mold, then solidified. Generally, the product obtained then undergoes a controlled cooling cycle to bring it to room temperature without fracturing. This operation is called “annealing” by those skilled in the art.
- AZS molten Alumina-Zircona-Silica products
- AZS products typically contain less than 80% by mass of zirconia.
- AZS products also contain corundum (free, or in the form of a corundum/zirconia eutectic) in a quantity generally greater than 10%, or even greater than 30%.
- AZS products conventionally contain sodium oxide Na 2 O to give the glassy phase suitable physical and chemical properties. Generally, K 2 O and Na 2 O are believed to have equivalent effects.
- US 2,438,552 recommends the addition of sodium oxide (1.0 to 2.2%) and a total MgO + CaO content of between 0.2% and 0.8%, to respond to feasibility problems concerning AZS products comprising 9% to 12% SiO 2 and 0.4% to 1.7% iron oxide.
- EP939065 proposes to reduce the exudation rate of AZS products containing 20% to 59% of ZrO 2 and 5% to 12% of SiO 2 by adding B 2 Os, P 2 Os and at least one of the oxides of the SnO 2 group, ZnO, CuO and MnO 2 .
- WO201 1161588 offers AZS products resistant to exudation having, in addition to AI 2 Os, from 30% to 50% ZrO 2 , from 8% to 16% SiO 2 , Y 2 Os and more than 0.2% Na 2 O+K 2 O+B 2 O3.
- CN107555971 offers AZS products with 31% to 45% ZrO 2 , 9% to 14% SiO 2 , 44% to 56% AI 2 C>3, 0.6% to 1.4% Na 2 O and at least one of the oxides of group B 2 C>3, Y 2 Os, Li 2 O, Ta 2 Os, Nb 2 Os, P 2 Os, K 2 O.
- the refractory blocks in particular those located near the electrodes, must have the greatest possible electrical resistivity to avoid the risk of deviation of electric current in the refractory.
- a deviation of the electric current produces local heating, by Joule effect, which promotes corrosion of the block.
- corrosion can also be accelerated by the intensification of the convection movements of the glass, likely to destabilize the glass-refractory interface and potentially bring hotter glass into contact with the product. refractory.
- the invention proposes a melted and cast refractory product comprising, in mass percentages on the basis of oxides and for a total of 100%:
- Fe 2 O 3 + TiO 2 ⁇ 0.60% other species: ⁇ 1.0% with a ratio (K 2 O/1.52) / (Na 2 O + K 2 O/1.52) greater than 0 ,30.
- a product according to the invention has improved resistivity.
- the inventors discovered that Na2O and K2O have a different effect on resistivity.
- a product according to the invention may also include one or more of the following optional characteristics, including when it conforms to the particular embodiments described below and these optional characteristics are not incompatible with said particular embodiments:
- the total porosity of the product is less than 10%, or even less than 5%;
- the oxides represent more than 90%, more than 95%, more than 99%, or even substantially 100% of the mass of the product;
- the mass content of ZrO 2 + HfO 2 is less than 54.0%, or even less than 53.0%, or even less than 52.5%, or even less than 52.0%, or even less than 51.0%, or even less than 50.5%, or even less than 50.0%, or even less than 49.5%, or even less than 49.0%, or even less than 48.5%, or even less than 48.0%, or even less at 47.0%, or even less than 46.0%, and/or greater than 40.0%, or even greater than 41.0%, or even greater than 42.0%, or even greater than 42.5%, or even greater at 43.0%, or even greater than 43.5%, or even greater than 44.0%, or even greater than 44.5%, or even greater than 45.0%, or even greater than 45.5%;
- the SiO 2 mass content is less than 13.8%, or even less than 13.6%, or even less than 13.5%, or even less than 13.4%, or even less than 13.3%, or even less than 13.2%, or even less than 13.0%, or even less than 12.7%, or even less than 12.5% and/or preferably greater than 10.6%, or even greater than 10.7%, or even greater at 10.8%, or even greater than 10.9%, or even greater than 11.0%, or even greater than 11.3%, or even greater than 11.5%;
- the mass content of AI 2 O 3 is less than 46.0%, or even less than 45.5%, or even less than 45.0%, or even less than 44.0%, or even less than 43.5%, or even less than 43.0%, or even less than 42.0% and/or greater than 29.0%, or even greater than 30.0%, or even greater than 32.0%, or even greater than 34.0%, or even greater than 36.0%;
- the sum of the mass contents of sodium oxide Na 2 O and potassium oxide K 2 O is preferably greater than 0.85%, greater than 0.90%, greater than 0.95%, greater than
- the mass content of Na 2 O is preferably less than 0.55%, or even less than 0.50%, or even less than 0.40%, less than 0.30%, less than 0.20%, or less at 0.10%; in one embodiment, Na 2 O is present as an impurity;
- the K 2 O mass content is preferably less than 2.50%, or even less than 2.00%, or even less than 1.90%, or even less than 1.80%, or even less than 1.70%, or even less than
- the ratio (K 2 O/1.52) / (Na 2 O + K 2 O/1.52) is greater than 0.40, or even greater than 0.45, or even greater than 0.50, or even greater than 0.60, or even greater than 0.65, or even greater than 0.70, or even greater than 0.75, or even greater than 0.80, and/or less than 0.95, or even less than 0.90;
- - B 2 O 3 is present as an impurity and/or the mass content of boron oxide B 2 Os is less than 0.90%, preferably less than 0.80%, preferably less than 0.70% , preferably less than 0.60%, preferably less than 0.50%, less than 0.40%, % or even less than 0.30%, even less than 0.20%, or even less than 0.10 %;
- the mass content of Y 2 Os is less than 0.80%, or even less than 0.60%, or even less than 0.50%, or even less than 0.40%, or even less than 0.30%, or even less at 0.20%;
- the total mass content of “other species” is less than 0.9%, or even less than 0.8%, or even less than 0.6%, or even less than 0.5%, or even less than 0.4%;
- the mass content of any “other species”, in particular Ta 2 Os and/or Nb 2 Os, is less than 0.4%, or even less than 0.3%, or even less than 0.2%, less than 0.1%;
- the sum of the mass contents of calcium oxide CaO, barium oxide BaO, strontium oxide SrO and magnesium oxide MgO is less than 0.6%, less than 0.5%, less than 0.4%, or even less than 0.3%;
- the CaO mass content is less than 0.4%, or even less than 0.3%;
- the SrO mass content is less than 0.4%, or even less than 0.3%;
- the MgO mass content is less than 0.4%, or even less than 0.3%;
- the product comes in the form of a block.
- the melted and cast refractory product according to the invention comprises, in mass percentages based on the oxides:
- ZrO 2 + HfC>2 39.0% to 55.0%, or even 39.0% to 49.5%, or even 42.5% to 49.5%
- Na 2 O + K 2 O 0.80% to 2.50%, or even 0.80% to 2.00%
- Fe 2 C>3 + TiO 2 ⁇ 0.60% other species: ⁇ 1.0% with a ratio (K 2 O/1.52) / (Na 2 O + K 2 O/1.52) greater than 0.50, or even greater than 0.60, or even greater than 0.65.
- the melted and cast refractory product according to the invention comprises, in mass percentages based on the oxides:
- ZrO 2 + HfO 2 39.0% to 51.0%, preferably 39.0% to 49.5%, preferably
- AI 2 C>3 100% complement, preferably ⁇ 44.0%
- K 2 O 1.00% to 2.00%, preferably 1.10% to 1.80%
- Fe 2 O 3 + TiO 2 ⁇ 0.60% other species: ⁇ 1.0% with a ratio (K 2 O/1.52) / (Na 2 O + K 2 O/1.52) greater than 0 .65, or even greater than 0.70.
- the melted and cast refractory product according to the invention comprises, in mass percentages based on the oxides:
- ZrO 2 + HfO 2 42.5% to 49.5%, preferably 42.5% to 48.0%, SiO 2 : 10.5% to 13.0%, preferably 1 1.0% to 13.0%
- K 2 O 0.70% to 1.80%, preferably 0.80% to 1.60%
- Na 2 O ⁇ 0.60%, preferably ⁇ 0.50%, preferably ⁇ 0.40%
- Fe 2 Os + TiO 2 ⁇ 0.60% other species: ⁇ 1.0% with a ratio (K 2 O/1.52) / (Na 2 O + K 2 O/1.52) greater than 0, 62, preferably greater than 0.65, preferably greater than 0.70.
- the melted and cast refractory product according to the invention comprises, in mass percentages based on the oxides:
- K 2 O ⁇ 2.00% with a ratio (K 2 O/1.52) / (Na 2 O + K 2 O/1.52) greater than 0.60, or even greater than 0.65, at 0 .70, or 0.75.
- the melted and cast refractory product according to the invention comprises, in mass percentages based on the oxides:
- AI2O3 100% supplement, preferably ⁇ 44.0%
- the melted and cast refractory product according to the invention comprises, in mass percentages based on the oxides:
- the melted and cast refractory product according to the invention comprises, in mass percentages based on the oxides:
- the invention also relates to a process for manufacturing a refractory product according to the invention, comprising the following successive steps: a) mixing of raw materials so as to form a starting charge, b) melting of said starting charge until obtaining a molten material, c) casting and solidifying said molten material, by cooling, so as to obtain a refractory product, this process being remarkable in that said raw materials are chosen so that said refractory product is in accordance with the invention.
- the oxides for which a minimum content is necessary, or precursors of these oxides are added systematically and methodically.
- the contents of these oxides are taken into account in the sources of other oxides where they are present as impurities.
- the cooling is controlled, preferably so as to be carried out at a rate of less than 20°C per hour, preferably at a rate of approximately 10°C per hour.
- the invention also relates to a glass melting furnace comprising a refractory product according to the invention, or a refractory product manufactured or likely to have been manufactured according to a process according to the invention, in particular in a region intended to be in contact with molten glass, in particular in a glass melting furnace tank, in particular to constitute an electrode holder block, for example in a floor of such a tank.
- the invention thus relates to a glass melting furnace comprising a tank intended to contain or containing molten glass, the tank comprising a block of a product according to the invention.
- a product is conventionally said to be “molten” when it is obtained by a process involving melting a charge until a molten material is obtained, then solidifying this material by cooling.
- a block is an object with all dimensions greater than 10 mm. All dimensions of a block according to the invention are preferably greater than 50 mm, preferably greater than 100 mm.
- a block according to the invention can for example have a general parallelepiped shape or a specific shape adapted to its use. Unlike a layer, a block of a melted and cast refractory product is conventionally obtained by a process comprising molding and demolding operations.
- the block in one product according to the invention before or after dismantling/machining, can have one, or even two or three overall dimensions (thickness, length, or width) of at least 150 mm, preferably at least 250 mm, or even at least 400 mm, or even at least 500 mm, or even at least 600 mm, or even at least 800 mm or even at least 1000 mm, and/or less than 2000mm,
- oxide contents in a product according to the invention are mass percentages based on the oxides.
- a mass content of an oxide of a metallic element refers to the total content of this element expressed in the form of the most stable oxide, according to the usual industry convention.
- HfC>2 is not chemically dissociable from ZrCL. However, according to the present invention, HfC>2 is not added voluntarily in the feed. HfC>2 therefore only designates traces of hafnium oxide, this oxide always being naturally present in sources of zirconium oxide at contents generally less than 5%, generally less than 2%. In a block according to the invention, the mass content of HfC>2 is less than 5%, preferably less than 3%, preferably less than 2%. For the sake of clarity, the total content of zirconium oxide and traces of hafnium oxide can be designated indifferently by “ZrC>2” or by “ZrC>2 + HfC>2”. HfC>2 is therefore not included in the “other species”.
- impurities we mean the inevitable constituents, introduced with the raw materials or resulting from reactions with these constituents. Impurities are not constituents necessary, but only tolerated. For example, compounds belonging to the group of oxides, nitrides, oxynitrides, carbides, oxycarbides, carbonitrides and metallic species of iron, titanium, vanadium and chromium are impurities.
- Total porosity is typically 100 x (1 - the ratio of geometric density divided by absolute density).
- Geometric density is measured according to standard ISO 5016:1997 or EN 1094-4 and expressed in g/cm 3 . It is conventionally equal to the ratio of the mass of the sample divided by the apparent volume.
- the absolute density value expressed in g/cm 3 , can be measured by dividing the mass of a sample by the volume of that sample ground so as to substantially eliminate porosity.
- the Zr ⁇ 2 + Hf ⁇ 2 content makes it possible to meet the requirements of high corrosion resistance. On the other hand, too high contents are harmful for the industrial feasibility of blocks.
- the hafnium oxide, HfC>2, present in the product according to the invention is preferably the hafnium oxide naturally present in ZrO 2 sources. Its content in a product according to the invention is therefore less than 4%, generally less than 2%, or even less than 1%.
- SiC>2 allows in particular the formation of an intergranular vitreous phase contributing to the feasibility of the products because it is able to effectively accommodate temperature deformations.
- the mass content of SiC>2 is preferably limited in order to limit the quantity of glassy phase.
- the presence of Na2O+K 2 O contributes to the feasibility of the products.
- the mass content of Na2O+K 2 O is preferably limited in order to limit the quantity of glassy phase and in particular to maintain good resistance to corrosion by molten glass as well as good electrical resistivity.
- K 2 O The presence of K 2 O is necessary to have a ratio (K 2 O/1.52) / (Na2 ⁇ + K 2 O/1.52) greater than 0.30, or even greater than 0.40, or even greater than 0, 50, or even greater than 0.60, or even greater than 0.62, or even greater than 0.65, and improve the electrical resistivity.
- Na2 ⁇ has an adverse effect on electrical resistivity.
- the mass content of sodium oxide Na2 ⁇ must therefore remain limited.
- B2O3 may have an adverse effect on feasibility.
- the mass content of boron oxide B 2 0s must therefore remain limited.
- Y 2 0s may have an adverse effect on feasibility and electrical resistivity.
- the mass content of Y 2 0s must therefore remain limited.
- the mass content of Fe2 ⁇ 3 + TiC>2 is less than 0.60%, preferably less than 0.50%, preferably less than 0.30%.
- the mass content of P2O5 is less than 0.05%.
- these oxides are harmful, particularly for the exudation of refractory products or the coloring of glass and their content must be limited to traces introduced as impurities with the raw materials.
- the “other species” are the oxide species which are not listed above, namely species other than ZrO 2 , HfC>2, SiC>2, Al2O3, Na2 ⁇ , K 2 O, B2O3, Y2O3, TiC>2 and Fe2 ⁇ 3.
- the "other species” are limited to species whose presence is not particularly desired and which are generally present as impurities in the raw materials.
- the product according to the invention is in the form of a block, preferably a block of which at least one, preferably at least two, or even all of the overall dimensions are greater than 150 mm.
- the total porosity of the product according to the invention is less than 15%, or even less than 10%, or even less than 5%, or even less than 2%, or even less than 1%.
- a product according to the invention can be conventionally manufactured following steps a) to c) described below: a) mixing of raw materials so as to form a starting charge, b) melting of said starting charge until obtaining of a molten material, c) solidification of said molten material, by cooling, so as to obtain a refractory product according to the invention.
- step a) the raw materials are chosen so as to guarantee the oxide contents in the finished product obtained at the end of step c).
- the fusion is preferably carried out thanks to the combined action of a fairly long electric arc, not producing reduction, and stirring promoting the reoxidation of the products.
- This process consists of using an electric arc furnace whose arc flashes between the load and at least one electrode spaced from this load and in adjusting the length of the arc so that its reducing action is reduced to a minimum, while maintaining a oxidizing atmosphere above the molten bath and by stirring said bath, for example by the action of the arc itself.
- step c) the cooling is preferably carried out at a speed of less than 20°C per hour, preferably at a speed of approximately 10°C per hour, preferably in a mold of the desired dimensions, taking into account the weighting and possible machining after step c).
- any conventional process for manufacturing molten zirconia-based products intended for applications in glass melting furnaces can be implemented, provided that the composition of the starting charge makes it possible to obtain products having a composition conforming to that of a product according to the invention.
- the products were prepared using the classic arc furnace melting process, then poured into a mold to obtain blocks with a minimum size of 150 mm x 250 mm x 500 mm after unblocking.
- Example 5 contains 0.68% Ta20s.
- the HfC>2 content is always less than 4%.
- the ratio (K 2 O/1.52) / (Na2 ⁇ + K 2 O/1.52) is denoted “Ratio”.
- the external state of the products obtained is observed. Their size, with the three dimensions greater than 150 mm and at least one dimension of at least 400 mm, makes it possible to estimate industrial feasibility. If a through slot is present, the feasibility is considered unsatisfactory. The products are then cut in half to observe the filling. In case of incorrect filling, the feasibility is considered unsatisfactory. Otherwise, the feasibility is considered satisfactory. All examples of the invention present satisfactory feasibility.
- Ratio greater than 0.30 when the Na 2 O content is less than 0.60% makes it possible to achieve electrical resistivity values greater than that of the reference.
- the Ratio is greater than 0.60, even greater than 0.62, or even greater than 0.65, the electrical resistivity values are significantly improved.
- the invention therefore provides a product which has remarkable performance in the environment of a glass melting furnace tank, particularly in the hearth.
- the invention is not limited to the embodiments described and represented, provided for illustrative purposes only.
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23790298.6A EP4602016A1 (fr) | 2022-10-14 | 2023-10-13 | Produit refractaire alumine-zircone-silice |
| CN202380072904.2A CN120051447A (zh) | 2022-10-14 | 2023-10-13 | 氧化铝-氧化锆-二氧化硅耐火产品 |
| JP2025520850A JP2025535748A (ja) | 2022-10-14 | 2023-10-13 | アルミナ-ジルコニア-シリカ耐火製品 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2210623A FR3140879A1 (fr) | 2022-10-14 | 2022-10-14 | PRODUIT REFRACTAIRE Alumine-Zircone-Silice |
| FRFR2210623 | 2022-10-14 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2024079357A1 true WO2024079357A1 (fr) | 2024-04-18 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2023/078575 Ceased WO2024079357A1 (fr) | 2022-10-14 | 2023-10-13 | Produit refractaire alumine-zircone-silice |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4602016A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2025535748A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN120051447A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3140879A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024079357A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN119551994A (zh) * | 2024-12-03 | 2025-03-04 | 江苏徐耐新材料科技股份有限公司 | 一种致密抗裂电熔锆刚玉砖及其制备方法 |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2438552A (en) | 1940-10-14 | 1948-03-30 | Corhart Refractories Co | Cast refractory product |
| FR1208577A (fr) | 1958-07-07 | 1960-02-24 | Electro Refractaire | Perfectionnements à la fabrication de produits réfractaires électrofondus contenant des oxydes minéraux |
| FR75893E (fr) | 1959-06-11 | 1961-08-18 | Electro Refractaire | Perfectionnements à la fabrication de produits réfractaires électrofondus contenant des oxydes minéraux |
| FR82310E (fr) | 1962-04-07 | 1964-01-24 | Electro Refractaire | Perfectionnements à la fabrication de produits réfractaires électro-fondus contenant des oxydes minéraux |
| EP0939065A1 (fr) | 1998-02-26 | 1999-09-01 | Asahi Glass Company Ltd. | Matériau réfractaire coulé par fusion à base d'alumine-zircone-silice et four de fusion de verre en faisant application |
| WO2011161588A1 (fr) | 2010-06-21 | 2011-12-29 | Saint-Gobain Centre De Recherches Et D'etudes Europeen | Bloc réfractaire et four de verre |
| WO2017115698A1 (fr) * | 2015-12-28 | 2017-07-06 | 旭硝子株式会社 | Réfractaire d'alumine-zircone-silice, four de fusion de verre et procédé de fabrication de verre plat |
| CN107555971A (zh) | 2017-09-29 | 2018-01-09 | 淄博旭硝子刚玉材料有限公司 | 高温下高电阻率的电熔azs砖及其制备方法 |
| EP3708556A1 (fr) * | 2017-11-07 | 2020-09-16 | AGC Ceramics Co., Ltd. | Réfractaire coulé par fusion à base d'alumine-zircone-silice et four de fusion de verre |
-
2022
- 2022-10-14 FR FR2210623A patent/FR3140879A1/fr active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-10-13 EP EP23790298.6A patent/EP4602016A1/fr active Pending
- 2023-10-13 WO PCT/EP2023/078575 patent/WO2024079357A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2023-10-13 CN CN202380072904.2A patent/CN120051447A/zh active Pending
- 2023-10-13 JP JP2025520850A patent/JP2025535748A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2438552A (en) | 1940-10-14 | 1948-03-30 | Corhart Refractories Co | Cast refractory product |
| FR1208577A (fr) | 1958-07-07 | 1960-02-24 | Electro Refractaire | Perfectionnements à la fabrication de produits réfractaires électrofondus contenant des oxydes minéraux |
| FR75893E (fr) | 1959-06-11 | 1961-08-18 | Electro Refractaire | Perfectionnements à la fabrication de produits réfractaires électrofondus contenant des oxydes minéraux |
| FR82310E (fr) | 1962-04-07 | 1964-01-24 | Electro Refractaire | Perfectionnements à la fabrication de produits réfractaires électro-fondus contenant des oxydes minéraux |
| EP0939065A1 (fr) | 1998-02-26 | 1999-09-01 | Asahi Glass Company Ltd. | Matériau réfractaire coulé par fusion à base d'alumine-zircone-silice et four de fusion de verre en faisant application |
| WO2011161588A1 (fr) | 2010-06-21 | 2011-12-29 | Saint-Gobain Centre De Recherches Et D'etudes Europeen | Bloc réfractaire et four de verre |
| WO2017115698A1 (fr) * | 2015-12-28 | 2017-07-06 | 旭硝子株式会社 | Réfractaire d'alumine-zircone-silice, four de fusion de verre et procédé de fabrication de verre plat |
| CN107555971A (zh) | 2017-09-29 | 2018-01-09 | 淄博旭硝子刚玉材料有限公司 | 高温下高电阻率的电熔azs砖及其制备方法 |
| EP3708556A1 (fr) * | 2017-11-07 | 2020-09-16 | AGC Ceramics Co., Ltd. | Réfractaire coulé par fusion à base d'alumine-zircone-silice et four de fusion de verre |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| WHITTAKER I R: "FUSION CAST REFRACTORIES FOR THE GLASS INDUSTRY", GLASS TECHNOLOGY, SOCIETY OF GLASS TECHNOLOGY, SHEFFIELD, GB, vol. 34, no. 4, 1 August 1993 (1993-08-01), pages 129 - 135, XP000382376, ISSN: 0017-1050 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN119551994A (zh) * | 2024-12-03 | 2025-03-04 | 江苏徐耐新材料科技股份有限公司 | 一种致密抗裂电熔锆刚玉砖及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2025535748A (ja) | 2025-10-28 |
| EP4602016A1 (fr) | 2025-08-20 |
| FR3140879A1 (fr) | 2024-04-19 |
| CN120051447A (zh) | 2025-05-27 |
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