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WO2024076258A1 - Procédé de production de charbon de bois et complexe de production de charbon de bois - Google Patents

Procédé de production de charbon de bois et complexe de production de charbon de bois Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024076258A1
WO2024076258A1 PCT/RU2023/050101 RU2023050101W WO2024076258A1 WO 2024076258 A1 WO2024076258 A1 WO 2024076258A1 RU 2023050101 W RU2023050101 W RU 2023050101W WO 2024076258 A1 WO2024076258 A1 WO 2024076258A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
chamber
pyrolysis
drying
container
chambers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/RU2023/050101
Other languages
English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Валерий Юрьевич КОЛМАКОВ
Владимир Евгеньевич ГАЙДУКОВ
Андрей Владимирович МЯГКОВ
Андрей Сергеевич СТОЛЯРОВ
Антон Сергеевич ГУСЕВ
Наталья Валериевна ГУСЕВА
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from RU2022126112A external-priority patent/RU2808872C1/ru
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of WO2024076258A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024076258A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
    • C10B57/08—Non-mechanical pretreatment of the charge, e.g. desulfurization
    • C10B57/10—Drying
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of the wood chemical industry, to a method and complex for the production of charcoal, mainly for the smelting of high-quality cast iron and steel.
  • a charcoal kiln in which drying and pyrolysis operations are carried out sequentially, includes a removable heat-insulating casing, a container for wood, a means for supplying coolant in the form of an external firebox with a gas duct, and a means for removing coolant in the form of chimneys with a plug valve.
  • a pipe is installed in the pipe with a shut-off device and a socket for the joint with the pipe of the combustion unit.
  • the closest to the claimed invention is the technical solution for the patent for invention RU2574051, publication 01/27/2017, IPC S10B53/02, which discloses the design and method of producing charcoal.
  • the charcoal kiln includes a thermally insulated pyrolysis chamber and a drying chamber.
  • the pyrolysis chamber communicates with a condensation system, which includes a cooler and a condensate collector of a thermally insulated drying chamber.
  • the charcoal burning furnace contains a firebox made in the form of a gas generator and a combustion chamber connected in series with a burner for afterburning a non-condensed vapor-gas mixture.
  • the description also reflects the method of producing charcoal.
  • the invention is aimed at improving environmental safety and operating efficiency of a charcoal kiln.
  • the technical result of the invention is to improve the quality of charcoal, reduce energy consumption during its production, and reduce harmful consequences for the environment.
  • the method for producing charcoal involves drying wood raw materials and its pyrolysis. Tree trunks with a length of 2 meters to 11 meters and a diameter of 0.04 meters to 0.3 meters are used as wood raw materials, which are loaded into a container. Then the container is moved into the drying chamber and dried at a temperature of 35-95°C until the humidity of the trunks reaches no more than 20%. Upon completion of drying, the container is moved into the pyrolysis chamber and pyrolysis is carried out at a temperature of 250 to 550°C, while the coolant for drying and pyrolysis is produced by burning gas produced by thermal gas generators. Liquid and gaseous products formed during pyrolysis are burned in chamber combustion chambers for pyrolysis and drying chambers.
  • tree trunks of smaller diameter are first loaded into the container, and then tree trunks of larger diameter are loaded.
  • rows of tree trunks are separated by horizontal spacers.
  • the coolant is moistened with water vapor, which, in particular, is obtained from water condensate formed during the operation of a gas-generating power plant that generates electricity for the operation of control devices and regulatory mechanisms during the implementation of the method.
  • wood waste is used to operate thermal gas generators.
  • the charcoal production complex includes at least one chamber for pyrolysis and a chamber for drying, containers for placing tree trunks with a length of 2 meters to 11 meters and a diameter of 0.04 meters to 0.3 meters, made with the ability to move and place them in drying chambers and a pyrolysis chamber and a gas-generating power plant.
  • the drying chambers and the pyrolysis chamber are designed with the possibility of sealing them, as well as removing waste coolant and water vapor from these chambers.
  • Under the pyrolysis chamber and drying chambers there are chamber furnaces for combustion of gases produced by thermal gas generators, the input of which is connected to the output of the gas generator; the output of the chamber furnace is located at the bottom of the volume of the pyrolysis chamber and drying chambers.
  • the pyrolysis chamber is equipped with a device for supplying liquid and gaseous products formed during the pyrolysis process into the chamber furnace of the pyrolysis chamber and into the chamber furnaces of the drying chambers.
  • the container is equipped with removable horizontal spacers designed to be placed between rows of tree trunks.
  • the complex is equipped with monitoring and control equipment, powered by a gas-generating power plant.
  • the container for collecting condensate of the gas-generating power plant is connected by a supply pipeline with sprayers installed in the chamber furnaces of the drying chambers.
  • drying chambers and the pyrolysis chamber are collapsible.
  • FIG. Figure 1 shows a cross section of the drying chambers and the pyrolysis chambers connected by pipelines.
  • FIG. Figure 2 shows a longitudinal section of a pyrolysis chamber with a container placed inside.
  • FIG. Figure 3 shows a longitudinal section of the container.
  • FIG. Figure 4 shows a cross-section of a pyrolysis chamber with tree trunks placed.
  • FIG. Figure 5 shows a cross section of two drying chambers with tree trunks and a container with cooling coal placed between them during the drying process.
  • FIG. Figure 6 shows the process of movement of the coolant and exhaust gases during the drying process.
  • FIG. Figure 7 shows the process of movement of the coolant, as well as gaseous and liquid products formed during the pyrolysis process in the pyrolysis chamber.
  • FIG. Figure 8 shows a diagram of the charcoal production complex.
  • a method for producing charcoal including drying wood raw materials and its pyrolysis, can be implemented in various variants of the structure of the complex for producing charcoal.
  • drying of wood raw materials is carried out in several drying chambers, and pyrolysis is carried out in one pyrolysis chamber.
  • this method intended for producing high-quality charcoal suitable for smelting cast iron and steel for highly loaded parts, for example, used in engine building, provides a drying mode that is longer than the pyrolysis mode. Therefore, for highly efficient coordinated operation of the complex, one pyrolysis chamber can be served by several drying chambers.
  • wood raw materials in the form of tree trunks with a length of 2 meters to 11 meters and a diameter of 0.04 meters to 0.3 meters are subjected to drying and then pyrolysis.
  • drying is carried out at temperatures of 35-95°C.
  • the drying temperature is lower than the boiling point of water in tree trunks, which avoids cracks that can occur when water boils inside a tree trunk and releases water vapor.
  • the modes of this method during drying and pyrolysis make it possible to obtain durable large coal. All the advantages of the method and the proposed design will be shown below.
  • the charcoal production complex includes one chamber 1 for pyrolysis and chamber 2 for drying (Fig. 1), into which containers 3 with tree trunks 24 are loaded. Chambers 2 for drying and chamber 1 for pyrolysis are hermetically sealed with lids 7. Under chambers 2 for drying chamber fireboxes 6 are located, under chamber 1 for pyrolysis, a chamber firebox 5 is located. The exit of chamber fireboxes 6 and 5 is made at the bottom of the volume of chamber 1 for pyrolysis and chambers 2 for drying at the end walls of 30 chambers 1 and 2.
  • Chambers 2 for drying and chamber 1 for pyrolysis they are equipped with a pipe 14 for removing coolant and water vapor with a damper (not shown in the figures), and chimneys 13 with plugs 17, which are visible in the longitudinal section of chamber 1 for pyrolysis (Fig. 2).
  • Pipes 14 and chimneys 13 are installed on flange connections 15 for installation when moving the complex.
  • FIG. 1 shows that from pipe 14 for removing coolant and water vapor of chamber 1 for pyrolysis there are outlets, using pipelines 11, into chamber fireboxes 6 of chamber 2 for drying and into chamber firebox 5 of chamber 1 for pyrolysis, for afterburning gaseous and liquid pyrolysis products .
  • Regulation of the flows of gaseous and liquid pyrolysis products is carried out using the main shut-off devices 18 pipelines 11 and shut-off devices 19.
  • Drying chamber 2 can be made of materials designed to operate at temperatures up to 100°C
  • the pyrolysis chamber and container 3 are made of materials designed to operate at temperatures up to 550°C.
  • the chamber fireboxes 6 of the chambers 2 for drying and the chamber firebox 5 of the chamber 1 for pyrolysis receive gas from thermal gas generators 9 through gas pipelines 10.
  • Fig. 2 schematically shows a thermal gas generator 9 for the pyrolysis chamber 1 and a gas pipeline 10.
  • gas from gas generators is cooled before being used in other applications.
  • gas from the gas generator 9 is supplied directly to the chamber furnace 5 or 6 and is therefore in this case called a thermal gas generator.
  • the efficiency of the installation for generating heat for drying or pyrolysis, including a thermal gas generator 9 and a chamber furnace 5, 6, reaches 85-95%.
  • the thermal gas generator 9 can operate on damp, freshly cut wood. This feature of the method reduces energy consumption and increases the efficiency of the complex.
  • a gas generator from the Finnish company Volter Oy can be used as such a thermal gas generator.
  • Container 3 (Fig. 3) is designed to accommodate tree trunks with a length of 2 meters to 11 meters and a diameter of 0.04 meters to 0.3 meters and is made of metal. Moreover, its length must be greater than the length of the tree trunks, so that when placing them in the container, free cavities of approximately 0.3-0.4 m can be formed between the end wall 8 of the container 3 and the ends of the tree trunks 24.
  • Containers 3 are equipped with a shut-off device 16 for passing coolant inside container 3.
  • Containers 3 are also equipped with removable gaskets 20, mostly metal, to separate the layers of trees placed in container 3.
  • FIG. Figure 4 shows an example of placing tree trunks 24 in a container 3 with spacers 20.
  • the figure shows that tree trunks 24 are placed as follows, thinner ones at the bottom, larger diameter trunks at the top.
  • drying can be carried out using heat from a container with manufactured charcoal.
  • FIG. Figure 5 shows two chambers 21 for drying tree trunks 24 and a container 3 placed between them with cooling coal 25 in chamber 22, while all chambers are sealed with lids 7.
  • Chamber 22 is equipped with a fan 23, which is located in the cavity between container 3 and the wall of chamber 22, and a pipeline 29 for supplying hot air to the drying chambers 21.
  • the general diagram of the charcoal production complex (Fig. 8) includes two chambers 21 for drying together with a chamber 22 for cooling charcoal, four chambers 2 for drying and chamber 1 for pyrolysis.
  • the complex also includes includes a gas-generating power station 4, the condensate collection tank of which (not shown in the figures) is connected by a supply pipeline 12 with sprayers 28 installed in the chamber fireboxes 6 of the drying chambers 2.
  • a gas-generating power station 4 a gas-generating power station produced by the Finnish company Volter Oy can be used.
  • the diagram also shows a crane device 26 for loading tree trunks 24 into containers 3, loading and unloading containers 3 into drying chambers 2, pyrolysis chamber 1, and unloading containers 3 from these chambers.
  • containers 3 and chamber covers 7 are equipped with gripping devices (not shown in the figures).
  • the complex is equipped with monitoring and control equipment (not shown in the figures), receiving power from gas generating power station 4. In order for the complex to be moved, all chambers are collapsible.
  • the figures also show places for placing containers 3 and chamber covers 7 and places 27 for stacking tree trunks.
  • the method is carried out as follows.
  • the trunks of 24 trees with a length from 2 meters to 11 meters and a diameter from 0.04 meters to 0.3 meters are loaded into container 3 using a crane device 26.
  • trunks of 24 trees of smaller diameter are loaded into container 3, and then tree trunks of larger diameter are loaded. (Fig. 1).
  • This arrangement of trunks in the container allows for more uniform drying of tree trunks; the temperature in the upper part of the container is higher.
  • the rows of tree trunks 24 are separated by horizontal spacers 20. In this case, free cavities of approximately 0.3-0.4 m are left at the end walls 8 of container 3.
  • container 3 After loading is completed, container 3 is moved into chamber 2 for drying using a crane device 26.
  • the shut-off devices 16 of container 3 are opened.
  • the coolant for drying is generated in the chamber furnace 6 of chamber 2 for drying by burning gas supplied from a thermal gas generator 9. Temperature conditions in the range of 35-95°C is maintained in each drying chamber 2 by adjusting the modes of the thermal gas generator 9 using control and adjustment equipment, which is powered by electricity from the gas generator power plant 4 (Fig. 8).
  • the process of heat flow in the drying chamber 2 is illustrated in Fig. 6.
  • the coolant flow is formed in the chamber furnace 6 and flows from below to the end walls of chamber 2 for drying.
  • the plugs 17 of the chimney 13 are closed and
  • the coolant enters the container 3 through the openings of the shut-off devices 16 on both sides of the container 3 into the free cavities between the end wall 8 of the container 3 and the ends of the rows of tree trunks 24.
  • the heat flow penetrates between the rows of tree trunks 24 into the gaps formed between the rows thanks to the gaskets 20.
  • the coolant with water vapor exits into the atmosphere through pipe 14.
  • the gas mixture which is a product of the thermal gas generator 9, which operates on damp, freshly cut wood, also contains resins, phenols and other environmentally harmful organic substances. All these substances burn in the chamber furnace 6 of the drying chamber 2, and are no longer contained in the coolant, which is released into the atmosphere. The same process occurs in chamber furnace 5 of chamber 1 for pyrolysis. Therefore, during drying, in this method, the environment is practically not polluted.
  • the water from the combustion of gas generator products which is converted into steam in a chamber furnace, is not enough to moisturize tree trunks during drying. This moistening is necessary so that stress does not arise in tree trunks, which dry out faster on the surface than in the middle, and so that drying occurs more evenly throughout the entire volume of the trunk without the formation of cracks. Therefore, during the drying process, the humidity of the coolant and in the drying chamber 2 are monitored. In order to maintain the necessary humidity, from the container for collecting condensate of the gas-generating power plant 4 through the supply pipelines 12, the said condensate is supplied to the sprayers 28 installed in the chamber fireboxes 6 of the chambers 2 for drying. At the same time, all harmful, from an environmental point of view, substances contained in the condensate also burn in chamber fireboxes of 6 drying chambers, and the coolant contains additional water vapor.
  • Drying in drying chambers 2 is carried out until the trunks of 24 trees reach a moisture content of no more than 20%.
  • the method may further include drying using the heat of the cooling coal, which is part of the overall drying process.
  • containers 3 with tree trunks 24 are placed in chambers 21 for drying, and a container with hot coal is placed in chamber 22.
  • Fan 23 from chamber 22 supplies hot air through pipeline 29 to the lower part of chambers 21.
  • a container with dried tree trunks is moved from the next drying chamber 21 to chamber 1 for pyrolysis. Pyrolysis is carried out at temperatures from 250 to 550°C.
  • Fig. Figure 7 shows the movement of gases during pyrolysis.
  • the plugs 17 of the chimney 13 are open, and the shut-off devices 16 of the container 3 are buried and the coolant does not enter the container, but heats it from the outside maintaining the pyrolysis mode.
  • the gases formed during pyrolysis are not immediately released into the atmosphere, but through pipelines 11, as shown in Fig. 1, are partially returned to the chamber firebox 5 of the chamber 1 for pyrolysis, and the other part of the gases are distributed among the chamber fireboxes 6 of the chambers 2 for drying for additional heating and for burning harmful substances obtained during the pyrolysis process.
  • the proposed complex there is practically no need to release harmful emissions into the atmosphere during pyrolysis.
  • container 3 with coal 25 is either unloaded for cooling or placed in chamber 22 to use the heat of cooling coal 25.
  • the method for producing charcoal is implemented in the form of a pilot complex and has shown high efficiency for producing high-quality coal for metallurgy.
  • a special feature of the complex is the possibility of implementing it in a collapsible version, which allows it to be installed in cutting areas where there are enough necessary raw materials, tree trunks, for example, birch.
  • Other features of the method and its solution in the form of a complex for producing charcoal are that the presence of a gas-generating power plant in the complex allows, even in cutting areas, to use devices to control and automate and mechanize the processes of drying, pyrolysis, as well as the processes of the method.
  • water condensate produced by a gas-generating power plant is used in the technological process implemented by the method and no additional means are required for its disposal.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de production de charbon de bois qui consiste à utiliser, en qualité de matière première, des rondins de bois d'une longueur de 2 à 11 mètres et d'un diamètre de 0,04 à 0,3 mètres, à les charger dans un conteneur et à disposer ce dernier dans une chambre de séchage et à effectuer un séchage à une température de 35-95°C jusqu'à atteindre une humidité des rondis ne dépassant pas 20%. Le conteneur avec les rondins de bois séchés est ensuite placé dans une chambre de pyrolyse où on effectue une pyrolyse à une température de 250 à 550°C. Le caloporteur pour le séchage et la pyrolyse est obtenu par la combustion du gaz produit par des générateurs de gaz thermiques. Les produits liquides et gazeux formés lors de la pyrolyse sont brûlés dans des fours à chambres de la chambre de pyrolyse et des chambres de séchage. Le complexe comprend au moins une chambre de pyrolyse et des chambres de séchage, des conteneurs pour placer les rondins, et une centrale électrique de génération de gaz. Sous la chambre de pyrolyse et les chambres de séchage se trouvent des fours à chambres pour la combustion des gaz générés par les générateurs de gaz thermiques.
PCT/RU2023/050101 2022-10-06 2023-04-24 Procédé de production de charbon de bois et complexe de production de charbon de bois Ceased WO2024076258A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2022126112A RU2808872C1 (ru) 2022-10-06 Способ получения древесного угля и комплекс получения древесного угля
RU2022126112 2022-10-06

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2024076258A1 true WO2024076258A1 (fr) 2024-04-11

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Family Applications (1)

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PCT/RU2023/050101 Ceased WO2024076258A1 (fr) 2022-10-06 2023-04-24 Procédé de production de charbon de bois et complexe de production de charbon de bois

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Country Link
WO (1) WO2024076258A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU11201U1 (ru) * 1999-01-25 1999-09-16 Тараскин Николай Николаевич Мобильная сборно-разборная углевыжигательная печь "02"
RU73871U1 (ru) * 2007-12-05 2008-06-10 Игорь Георгиевич Соловьев Установка для получения древесного активного угля (варианты)
CN103173232A (zh) * 2012-11-30 2013-06-26 徐学冬 一种将林业剩余物集约化生产和综合利用的方法
RU2515670C2 (ru) * 2012-08-07 2014-05-20 Юрий Николаевич Шаповалов Установка для утилизации горелого леса и отходов древесины
RU2582698C1 (ru) * 2014-12-29 2016-04-27 федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Казанский национальный исследовательский технологический университет" (ФГБОУ ВО "КНИТУ") Способ термической переработки органосодержащего сырья и установка для его осуществления

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU11201U1 (ru) * 1999-01-25 1999-09-16 Тараскин Николай Николаевич Мобильная сборно-разборная углевыжигательная печь "02"
RU73871U1 (ru) * 2007-12-05 2008-06-10 Игорь Георгиевич Соловьев Установка для получения древесного активного угля (варианты)
RU2515670C2 (ru) * 2012-08-07 2014-05-20 Юрий Николаевич Шаповалов Установка для утилизации горелого леса и отходов древесины
CN103173232A (zh) * 2012-11-30 2013-06-26 徐学冬 一种将林业剩余物集约化生产和综合利用的方法
RU2582698C1 (ru) * 2014-12-29 2016-04-27 федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Казанский национальный исследовательский технологический университет" (ФГБОУ ВО "КНИТУ") Способ термической переработки органосодержащего сырья и установка для его осуществления

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