WO2024075706A1 - 反芻動物のメタン産生抑制剤 - Google Patents
反芻動物のメタン産生抑制剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024075706A1 WO2024075706A1 PCT/JP2023/035963 JP2023035963W WO2024075706A1 WO 2024075706 A1 WO2024075706 A1 WO 2024075706A1 JP 2023035963 W JP2023035963 W JP 2023035963W WO 2024075706 A1 WO2024075706 A1 WO 2024075706A1
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- Prior art keywords
- acid
- cashew nut
- nut shell
- organic acid
- cardanol
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/111—Aromatic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/22—Methane [CH4], e.g. from rice paddies
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an agent and feed for suppressing methane production in ruminants such as cows, and a method for suppressing methane production in ruminants using the same.
- Ruminants such as cows and sheep digest and ferment feed using microorganisms in the rumen, and live off the fermentation products.
- methane production by methanogens in the rumen results in a loss of energy efficiency in the feed.
- methane is a greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming, it is important to reduce methane production in the rumens of ruminants.
- Methanogens in the rumen use hydrogen to reduce carbon dioxide to produce methane. Methane has the second highest contribution to global warming after carbon dioxide, and methane emitted by ruminants is said to account for 15-20% of total methane emissions.
- Non-Patent Document 1 (Animal Feed Science and Technology, Volumes 166-167, 23 June 2011, Pages 282-290) and Non-Patent Document 2 (Journal of Dairy Science, Volume 92, Issue 7, July 2009, Pages 3258-3264) disclose that malic acid suppresses methane production, but the malic acid used is at a very high concentration, which is not practical.
- Patent Document 2 discloses that an acid such as an organic acid is blended in a cashew nut shell oil-containing composition to inhibit the decomposition of anacardic acid and improve stability, but only a trace amount of the organic acid is blended with the cashew nut shell oil, and naturally there is no suggestion of inhibition of methane production.
- the objective of the present invention is to provide a material that effectively suppresses methane production in ruminants while maintaining energy production and metabolism.
- the inventors conducted intensive research to solve the above problems and discovered that administering cashew nut shell liquid (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as CNSL) and an organic acid to ruminants in a specific ratio effectively inhibits methane production in ruminants while maintaining the production of acetic acid, which is the main source of energy and lipid synthesis in ruminants. Based on this knowledge, the inventors have completed the present invention.
- CNSL cashew nut shell liquid
- an inhibitor of methane production in ruminants comprising cashew nut shell oil, heat-treated cashew nut shell oil, anacardic acid, cardanol and/or cardol, and an organic acid as active ingredients, wherein the mass ratio of the blended amount of the cashew nut shell oil, heat-treated cashew nut shell oil, anacardic acid, cardanol and/or cardol to the blended amount of the organic acid is 1:5 to 1:20 (also may be 1:10 to 1:20).
- a method for suppressing methane production in a ruminant comprising a step of administering cashew nut shell oil, heat-treated cashew nut shell oil, anacardic acid, cardanol and/or cardol, and an organic acid to a ruminant, wherein the mass ratio of the amount of the cashew nut shell oil, heat-treated cashew nut shell oil, anacardic acid, cardanol and/or cardol administered per ruminant per day to the amount of the organic acid administered per ruminant per day is 1:5 to 1:20 (also may be 1:10 to 1:20).
- Non-therapeutic use of cashew nut shell liquid, heat-treated cashew nut shell liquid, anacardic acid, cardanol and/or cardol, and an organic acid for suppressing methane production in a ruminant wherein the mass ratio of the cashew nut shell liquid, heat-treated cashew nut shell liquid, anacardic acid, cardanol and/or cardol to the organic acid is 1:5 to 1:20 (also may be 1:10 to 1:20).
- the organic acid is a carboxylic acid having 3 to 12 carbon atoms.
- Cashew nut shell oil by administering cashew nut shell oil, heat-treated cashew nut shell oil, anacardic acid, cardanol, and/or cardol, and organic acids to ruminants in specific ratios, it is possible to efficiently suppress methane production in the rumen while maintaining the amount of acetic acid produced, which is the main source of energy and lipid synthesis in ruminants. This makes it possible to contribute to preventing global warming in the livestock industry while maintaining the growth and productivity of livestock.
- Cashew nut shell oil also has the advantage of being effective at low doses and being highly safe.
- the methane production inhibitor of the present invention contains cashew nut shell oil (CNSL), heat-treated cashew nut shell oil, anacardic acid, cardanol and/or cardol (sometimes referred to as cashew nut shell oil, etc. in this specification), and an organic acid as active ingredients, and is characterized in that the mass ratio of the blended amount of the cashew nut shell oil, heat-treated cashew nut shell oil, anacardic acid, cardanol and/or cardol to the blended amount of the organic acid is 1:5 to 1:20 (or may be 1:10 to 1:20).
- the blending amount of cashew nut shell liquid, heat-treated cashew nut shell liquid, anacardic acid, cardanol and/or cardol refers to the combined blending amount when a plurality of these are contained, and also refers to the combined blending amount of organic acids when two or more organic acids are contained.
- cashew nut shell liquid When cashew nut shell liquid is described in distinction from heat-treated cashew nut shell liquid, it means non-heated cashew nut shell liquid.
- heat-treated cashew nut shell oil anacardic acid and cardanol
- cashew nut shell oil non-heated
- anacardic acid is preferred, with cashew nut shell oil (non-heated) being particularly preferred.
- Cashew nut shell oil is an oily liquid found in the shells of the cashew nut tree (Anacardium occidentale L.).
- Cashew nut shell oil contains anacardic acid, cardanol, and cardol as its components. Anacardic acid is converted into cardanol by heat treatment, but cashew nut shell oil that has been heat treated to produce only cardanol and cardol (heated cashew nut shell oil) can also be used.
- Cashew nut shell oil (unheated) extracted by low-temperature squeezing of cashew nut shells contains 55 to 80% by mass of anacardic acid, 5 to 20% by mass of cardanol, and 5 to 30% by mass of cardol, as described in J. Agric. Food Chem. 2001, 49, 2548-2551.
- Heated cashew nut shell oil obtained by heat-treating non-heated cashew nut shell oil for example, at 70° C. or higher, preferably 130° C.
- anacardic acid contains 0 to 10% by mass of anacardic acid, 55 to 80% by mass of cardanol, and 5 to 30% by mass of cardol, as a result of anacardic acid, the main component of non-heated cashew nut shell oil, being decarboxylated and converted to cardanol.
- Cashew nut shell oil can be obtained as a vegetable oil extracted by low-temperature squeezing of cashew nut shells. It can also be obtained by dry distillation or solvent extraction of cashew nut shells. For example, cashew nut shell oil can also be obtained by the method described in JP-A-8-231410. Commercially available cashew nut shell oil can also be used.
- the methane production inhibitor of the present invention may contain one or more of anacardic acid, cardanol, and cardol instead of cashew nut shell oil.
- Anacardic acids include natural anacardic acids, synthetic anacardic acids, and derivatives thereof. Commercially available anacardic acids may also be used. As described in JP-A-8-231410, anacardic acids can be obtained by extracting cashew nut oil obtained by extracting cashew nut shells with an organic solvent, for example, by eluting the oil using silica gel column chromatography with a mixture of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and acetic acid in varying ratios (JP-A-3-240721, JP-A-3-240716, etc.).
- cardanol examples include natural cardanol, synthetic cardanol, and their derivatives.
- the cardanol used in the present invention can be obtained by decarboxylating anacardic acid, the main component of cashew nut shell oil.
- Kardols include natural cardols, synthetic cardols, and their derivatives.
- the cardols used in the present invention can be obtained by refining cashew nut shell liquid.
- the content of cashew nut shell oil, heat-treated cashew nut shell oil, anacardic acid, cardanol and/or cardol (the total amount when two or more are included) in the methane production inhibitor of the present invention is, for example, 1% by mass to 20% by mass based on the total amount of the agent.
- the type of organic acid is not particularly limited, and carboxylic acids are preferred.
- Carboxylic acids include monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids, and tricarboxylic acids, and examples thereof include aliphatic carboxylic acids, aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acids, aromatic carboxylic acids, aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acids, and amino acids.
- the number of carbon atoms in the organic acid, including the carbon in the carboxyl group, is preferably 3 or more, more preferably 4 or more, while it is preferably 12 or less, more preferably 10 or less, even more preferably 8 or less, and particularly preferably 7 or less.
- organic acids include formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, salicylic acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, leucinic acid, malic acid, fumaric acid, ricinoleic acid, quinic acid, and shikimic acid, with citric acid, malic acid, or fumaric acid being particularly preferred.
- the organic acid content in the organic acid methane production inhibitor (the total amount when two or more organic acids are included) is, for example, 5% by mass to 95% by mass based on the total amount of the agent.
- the methane production inhibitory effect of the methane production inhibitor of the present invention can be confirmed, for example, by comparing the amount of methane produced when CNSL, etc. and an organic acid are added to a culture medium of ruminant rumen fluid in the above-mentioned specific ratio and cultured, as in the Examples described below, with the amount of methane produced in a control (when CNSL, etc. and organic acid are not added).
- CNSL, etc. and organic acid may also be administered directly to ruminant animals to compare methane production.
- the effect of CNSL, etc. and organic acid is to reduce the amount of methane production to 90% or less, preferably 80% or less, and more preferably 50% or less, compared to the control (when CNSL, etc. and organic acid are not added).
- the methane production inhibitor of the present invention may contain components such as excipients that can be used in feed or pharmaceuticals, such as, for example, lactose, white sugar, D-mannitol, ⁇ -starch, starch, corn starch, crystalline cellulose, bentonite, silica gel, and light anhydrous silicic acid, in addition to cashew nut shell oil, heat-treated cashew nut shell oil, anacardic acid, cardanol and/or cardol, and organic acids.
- excipients such as, for example, lactose, white sugar, D-mannitol, ⁇ -starch, starch, corn starch, crystalline cellulose, bentonite, silica gel, and light anhydrous silicic acid, in addition to cashew nut shell oil, heat-treated cashew nut shell oil, anacardic acid, cardanol and/or cardol, and organic acids.
- the methane production inhibitor of the present invention may further contain optional components such as components effective for promoting the growth of ruminants, nutritional supplement components, components that enhance storage stability, coating components, etc., in addition to the cashew nut shell oil, heat-treated cashew nut shell oil, anacardic acid, cardanol and/or cardol, and organic acids.
- optional components include bran, alfalfa, timothy and other feed ingredients and feed additives, food ingredients and food additives, pharmaceutical raw materials, and other supplement components used in animal supplements (hereinafter referred to as supplements).
- probiotics such as Enterococcus bacteria, Bacillus bacteria, and Bifidobacteria
- enzymes such as amylase and lipase
- L-ascorbic acid such as calcium chloride, magnesium oxide, and phosphates
- minerals such as potassium chloride, magnesium oxide, and phosphates
- antioxidants such as ethoxyquin, dibutylhydroxytoluene, butylhydroxyanisole, ferulic acid, vitamin C, and vitamin E
- antifungal agents such as calcium propionate
- binders such as carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), sodium caseinate, and sodium polyacrylate
- emulsifiers such as lecithin, glycerin fatty acid esters, and sorbitan fatty acid esters
- pigments such as astaxanthin and canthaxanthin
- flavorings such as various esters, ethers, and ketones.
- the methane production inhibitor of the present invention may contain an oil absorbing agent such as magnesium oxide, stearate, talc, zeolite, diatomaceous earth, and silica, and the oil absorbing agent is preferably particulate.
- the oil absorbing agent is preferably an oil absorbing agent that adsorbs 50 to 300 g of oil per 100 g.
- the particle size is 2 to 300 ⁇ m.
- a preferred mass ratio of the oil sorbent to the cashew nut shell liquid, the heat-treated cashew nut shell liquid, the anacardic acid, the cardanol and/or the cardol, and the organic acid is 100:20 to 100:180.
- the dosage form of the methane production inhibitor of the present invention is not particularly limited, and any form such as a liquid, powder, solid, tablet, capsule, emulsion, pellet, or coated form may be used, with liquid, powder, capsule, pellet, or tablet being preferred.
- liquid preparation cashew nut shell oil, heat-treated cashew nut shell oil, anacardic acid, cardanol and/or cardol may be mixed with an organic acid as is or after dissolving in a solvent such as ethanol, or the above-mentioned excipients or optional components may be added thereto.
- the following powders, capsules, pellets and tablets may be suspended or floated in the liquid.
- the above-mentioned excipients can be added to the cashew nut shell liquid, heat-treated cashew nut shell liquid, anacardic acid, cardanol and/or cardol, and organic acid, and the mixture can be powdered.
- the cashew nut shell liquid, heat-treated cashew nut shell liquid, anacardic acid, cardanol and/or cardol, and organic acid may be packed directly into a capsule, or the above-mentioned excipients or optional ingredients may be added thereto.
- the above-mentioned excipients can be added to cashew nut shell liquid, heat-treated cashew nut shell liquid, anacardic acid, cardanol and/or cardol, and an organic acid, followed by granulation and pelletization.
- the above-mentioned excipients can be added to the cashew nut shell liquid, heat-treated cashew nut shell liquid, anacardic acid, cardanol and/or cardol, and organic acid, followed by granulation and tableting.
- an oil absorbing agent such as silica is contained, it is preferable to formulate the composition as a powder, tablet, or pellet.
- the methane production inhibitor of the present invention can be produced by mixing cashew nut shell oil, heat-treated cashew nut shell oil, anacardic acid, cardanol and/or cardol with an organic acid, and further mixing with excipients or optional ingredients as necessary, to produce a formulation.
- the above-mentioned crushed or crushed cashew nut shells, or cashew nut shells without any processing can be mixed with the organic acid and other optional ingredients to produce the methane production inhibitor of the present invention.
- the cashew nut shell liquid, heat-treated cashew nut shell liquid, anacardic acid, cardanol and/or cardol, and the organic acid are preferably administered by being mixed with animal feed. Therefore, the present invention provides a feed for suppressing methane production in ruminants, which contains cashew nut shell liquid, heat-treated cashew nut shell liquid, anacardic acid, cardanol and/or cardol, and an organic acid as active ingredients.
- the feed of the present invention is characterized by containing cashew nut shell liquid, heat-treated cashew nut shell liquid, anacardic acid, cardanol and/or cardol, and an organic acid.
- the contents of the cashew nut shell liquid, heat-treated cashew nut shell liquid, anacardic acid, cardanol and/or cardol in the feed of the present invention are not particularly limited, so long as the mass ratio of the blended amount of the cashew nut shell liquid, heat-treated cashew nut shell liquid, anacardic acid, cardanol and/or cardol to the blended amount of the organic acid is 1:5 to 1:20 (or may be 1:10 to 1:20).
- the feed of the present invention can be produced by adding cashew nut shell liquid, heat-treated cashew nut shell liquid, anacardic acid, cardanol and/or cardol, and an organic acid or the methane production inhibitor of the present invention containing them to feed ingredients and mixing them.
- the agent when a powder or solid agent is used, the agent may be in the form of a liquid or gel using a liquid carrier to facilitate mixing.
- a fluid liquid such as water, vegetable oil, liquid animal oil, mineral oil, synthetic oil, or water-soluble polymer compound can be used as the liquid carrier.
- water-soluble polysaccharides such as alginic acid, sodium alginate, xanthan gum, carboxymethylcellulose, ⁇ -starch, sodium caseinate, gum arabic, guar gum, and tamarind seed polysaccharide.
- the feed of the present invention is not particularly limited in terms of the type or mixing ratio of the feed ingredients mixed with the agent of the present invention, and any feed that has traditionally been given to the respective animals may be used.
- the feed can be prepared using corn grains, corn flour, milo, bran, soybean meal, oats, wheat short, wheat coarse meal, alfalfa, timothy, clover, defatted rice bran, North Sea meal, coastal meal, yeast, molasses, meat pieces, bone meal, calcium carbonate, dibasic calcium phosphate, yellow grease, vitamins, minerals, etc.
- the present invention also provides a method for suppressing methane production in a ruminant, comprising a step of administering to a ruminant cashew nut shell oil, heat-treated cashew nut shell oil, anacardic acid, cardanol and/or cardol, and an organic acid, wherein the mass ratio of the amount of the cashew nut shell oil, heat-treated cashew nut shell oil, anacardic acid, cardanol and/or cardol administered per ruminant per day to the amount of the organic acid administered per ruminant per day is 1:5 to 1:20 (may also be 1:10 to 1:20).
- the cashew nut shell oil, heat-treated cashew nut shell oil, anacardic acid, cardanol and/or cardol, and organic acid may be administered in advance by, for example, administering feed containing them, or may be administered separately to a ruminant.
- a ruminant When administered separately (fed), there are no particular limitations on the timing of administration, so long as they are ingested by a ruminant and both are present in the body, particularly in the rumen.
- the type of ruminant that is fed the feed of the present invention is not particularly limited, but examples include cattle, buffalo, goats, sheep, and yam.
- examples of cattle breeds include, but are not limited to, Holstein, Jersey, Japanese Black, Japanese Shorthorn, and Aberdeen Angus.
- uses such as livestock production for dairy or meat, or breeding.
- the timing of feeding the agent includes, but is not limited to, use from 4 weeks of age when the ruminant stomach begins to function.
- the mass ratio of the amount of the cashew nut shell liquid, heat-treated cashew nut shell liquid, anacardic acid, cardanol and/or cardol to be administered per ruminant per day to the amount of the organic acid to be administered per ruminant per day is adjusted to be 1:5 to 1:20 (or may be 1:10 to 1:20). Doses may be administered multiple times per day and may be administered over several days.
- Example 1 Evaluation of cashew nut shell oil (CNSL), organic acids, and garlic powder in a methane production measurement system using ruminal culture fluid (1) Sample Cashew nut shell oil (CNSL) extracted by low-temperature squeezing from cashew nut shells was obtained. For the culture inoculum, ruminal fluid (four-ply gauze filtrate) collected orally from Holstein lactating cows 90 days or more after parturition was used. 4 mL of the ruminal fluid was added to 6 mL of McDougal's artificial saliva and used for culture.
- ruminal fluid four-ply gauze filtrate
- CNSL concentration in the test culture solution was set to 100-500 mg/L. CNSL was dissolved in ethanol and added to the Hungate tube to obtain the desired concentration. Similarly, DL-malic acid and fumaric acid were dissolved in ethanol and added to obtain the desired concentration. To equalize the effect of ethanol, only ethanol was added to the non-added group (control group). After that, the ethanol was evaporated by leaving it for several hours, and 50 mg of corn starch, 75 mg of concentrated feed powder, and 75 mg of timothy hay powder were added as culture substrates. Garlic powder was added at 0.5% or 1.0% of the dry matter amount of the culture substrate. This corresponds to a concentration in the test culture solution of 100 mg/L or 200 mg/L.
- Example 2 Evaluation of cashew nut shell oil (CNSL) and various organic acids in a methane production measurement system using ruminal culture fluid (1) Sample Cashew nut shell oil (CNSL) was obtained by low-temperature squeezing from cashew nut shells. For the culture inoculum, ruminal fluid (four-ply gauze filtrate) collected orally from Holstein lactating cows 90 days or more after parturition was used. 4 mL of the ruminal fluid was added to 6 mL of McDougal's artificial saliva and used for culture.
- ruminal fluid four-ply gauze filtrate
- Diluted rumen fluid and artificial saliva were added to these test tubes in the above mixture ratio, totaling 10 ml, and butyl rubber caps and plastic screw caps were placed while blowing nitrogen gas into the head space, and the tubes were anaerobically cultured in an incubator (39°C, 17 hours). Triplicate cultures were performed for each group.
- Example 3 Evaluation of cashew nut shell oil (CNSL), DL-malic acid, and citric acid in a methane production measurement system using ruminal culture fluid (1) Sample Cashew nut shell oil (CNSL) was obtained by low-temperature squeezing from cashew nut shells. For the culture inoculum, ruminal fluid (four-ply gauze filtrate) collected orally from Holstein lactating cows 90 days or more after parturition was used. 4 mL of the ruminal fluid was added to 6 mL of McDougal's artificial saliva and used for culture.
- ruminal fluid four-ply gauze filtrate
- CNSL test culture solution was set at a concentration of 100-500 mg/L. CNSL was dissolved in ethanol and added to the Hungate tube to obtain the desired concentration. Similarly, DL-malic acid and citric acid were dissolved in ethanol and added to obtain the desired concentration. To equalize the effect of ethanol, only ethanol was added to the non-added group (control group). After that, the ethanol was allowed to evaporate by leaving it for several hours, and 50 mg of corn starch, 75 mg of concentrated feed powder, and 75 mg of timothy hay powder were added as culture substrates.
- Diluted rumen fluid and artificial saliva were added to these test tubes in the above mixture ratio, totaling 10 ml, and butyl rubber caps and plastic screw caps were placed while blowing nitrogen gas into the head space, and the tubes were cultured anaerobically in an incubator (39°C, 17 hours). Each was cultured in triplicate.
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Abstract
Description
一方、非特許文献1(Animal Feed Science and Technology, Volumes 166-167, 23 June 2011, Pages 282-290)および非特許文献2(Journal of Dairy Science, Volume 92, Issue 7, July 2009, Pages 3258-3264)にはリンゴ酸がメタン産生を抑制することが開示されているが、非常に高濃度のリンゴ酸を使用しており、現実的ではない。
[1]カシューナッツ殻油、加熱処理カシューナッツ殻油、アナカルド酸、カルダノールおよび/またはカルドール並びに有機酸を有効成分として含有し、カシューナッツ殻油、加熱処理カシューナッツ殻油、アナカルド酸、カルダノールおよび/またはカルドールの配合量と、有機酸の配合量の質量比が1:5~1:20(1:10~1:20であってもよい)であることを特徴とする、反芻動物のメタン産生抑制剤。
[2]有機酸が炭素数3~12のカルボン酸である、[1]に記載のメタン産生抑制剤。
[3]有機酸が炭素数3~10のヒドロキシカルボン酸である、[1]に記載のメタン産生抑制剤。
[4]有機酸がクエン酸またはリンゴ酸である、[1]に記載のメタン産生抑制剤。
[5]反芻動物がウシである、[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載のメタン産生抑制剤。
[6][1]~[5]のいずれかに記載のメタン産生抑制剤を含む、反芻動物のメタン産生抑制用飼料。
[7]カシューナッツ殻油、加熱処理カシューナッツ殻油、アナカルド酸、カルダノールおよび/またはカルドール並びに有機酸を反芻動物に投与する工程を含み、カシューナッツ殻油、加熱処理カシューナッツ殻油、アナカルド酸、カルダノールおよび/またはカルドールの反芻動物1頭1日当たりの投与量と、有機酸の反芻動物1頭1日当たりの投与量の質量比が1:5~1:20(1:10~1:20であってもよい)であることを特徴とする、反芻動物のメタン産生を抑制する方法。
[8]有機酸が炭素数3~12のカルボン酸である、[7]に記載の方法。
[9]有機酸が炭素数3~10のヒドロキシカルボン酸である、[7]に記載の方法。
[10]有機酸がクエン酸またはリンゴ酸である、[7]に記載の方法。
[11]反芻動物がウシである、[7]~[10]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[12]カシューナッツ殻油、加熱処理カシューナッツ殻油、アナカルド酸、カルダノールおよび/またはカルドールと、有機酸は、事前に混合されて投与される、[7]~[11]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[13]カシューナッツ殻油、加熱処理カシューナッツ殻油、アナカルド酸、カルダノールおよび/またはカルドールと、有機酸は、別々に投与される、[7]~[11]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[14]カシューナッツ殻油、加熱処理カシューナッツ殻油、アナカルド酸、カルダノールおよび/またはカルドール並びに有機酸の、反芻動物のメタン産生抑制剤の製造における使用であって、カシューナッツ殻油、加熱処理カシューナッツ殻油、アナカルド酸、カルダノールおよび/またはカルドールの配合量と、有機酸の配合量の質量比が1:5~1:20(1:10~1:20であってもよい)であることを特徴とする、前記使用。
[15]有機酸が炭素数3~12のカルボン酸である、[14]に記載の使用。
[16]有機酸が炭素数3~10のヒドロキシカルボン酸である、[14]に記載の使用。
[17]有機酸がクエン酸またはリンゴ酸である、[14]に記載の使用。
[18]反芻動物がウシである、[14]~[17]のいずれかに記載の使用。
[19]カシューナッツ殻油、加熱処理カシューナッツ殻油、アナカルド酸、カルダノールおよび/またはカルドール並びに有機酸の、反芻動物のメタン産生抑制のための非治療的使用であって、カシューナッツ殻油、加熱処理カシューナッツ殻油、アナカルド酸、カルダノールおよび/またはカルドールの配合量と、有機酸の配合量の質量比が1:5~1:20(1:10~1:20であってもよい)であることを特徴とする、前記使用。
[20]有機酸が炭素数3~12のカルボン酸である、[19]に記載の使用。
[21]有機酸が炭素数3~10のヒドロキシカルボン酸である、[19]に記載の使用。
[22]有機酸がクエン酸またはリンゴ酸である、[19]に記載の使用。
[23]反芻動物がウシである、[19]~[22]のいずれかに記載の使用。
ここで、カシューナッツ殻油、加熱処理カシューナッツ殻油、アナカルド酸、カルダノールおよび/またはカルドールの配合量は、これらを複数含む場合は、合計の配合量であり、有機酸についても2以上の有機酸を含む場合は合計の配合量である。
カシューナッツ殻油(非加熱)、加熱処理カシューナッツ殻油、アナカルド酸およびカルダノールのうち、カシューナッツ殻油(非加熱)またはアナカルド酸が好ましく、カシューナッツ殻油(非加熱)が特に好ましい。
非加熱カシューナッツ殻油を加熱処理(例えば、70℃以上、好ましくは130℃以上)した加熱カシューナッツ殻油は、非加熱カシューナッツ殻油の主成分のアナカルド酸が脱炭酸しカルダノールに変換され、アナカルド酸を0~10質量%、カルダノールを55~80質量%、カルドールを5~30質量%含むものとなる。
本発明のメタン産生抑制剤の一態様において、吸油剤と、カシューナッツ殻油、加熱処理カシューナッツ殻油、アナカルド酸、カルダノールおよび/またはカルドール並びに有機酸と、の好ましい質量比は、100:20~100:180である。
液剤としては、カシューナッツ殻油、加熱処理カシューナッツ殻油、アナカルド酸、カルダノールおよび/またはカルドールをそのまま、または、エタノールなどの溶媒に溶かしたうえで、有機酸と配合してもよいし、さらに、上記賦形剤または任意成分を添加して用いることもできる。また、以下の粉剤、カプセル剤、ペレット剤、タブレット剤を液中に懸濁・浮遊させてもよい。
粉剤としては、カシューナッツ殻油、加熱処理カシューナッツ殻油、アナカルド酸、カルダノールおよび/またはカルドール並びに有機酸に上記賦形剤を添加し、粉末化することもできる。
カプセル剤としては、カシューナッツ殻油、加熱処理カシューナッツ殻油、アナカルド酸、カルダノールおよび/またはカルドール並びに有機酸をそのままカプセルに詰めてもよいし、あるいは上記賦形剤または任意成分を添加してもよい。
ペレット剤としては、カシューナッツ殻油、加熱処理カシューナッツ殻油、アナカルド酸、カルダノールおよび/またはカルドール並びに有機酸に上記賦形剤を添加し、造粒し、ペレット化することもできる。
錠剤としては、カシューナッツ殻油、加熱処理カシューナッツ殻油、アナカルド酸、カルダノールおよび/またはカルドール並びに有機酸に上記賦形剤を添加し、造粒し、錠剤化することもできる。
なお、シリカなどの吸油剤を含有する場合には、粉剤や錠剤やペレット剤として製剤化することが好ましい。
したがって、本発明においては、カシューナッツ殻油、加熱処理カシューナッツ殻油、アナカルド酸、カルダノールおよび/またはカルドール並びに有機酸を有効成分として含有する、反芻動物のメタン産生抑制用の飼料が提供される。
本発明の飼料はカシューナッツ殻油、加熱処理カシューナッツ殻油、アナカルド酸、カルダノールおよび/またはカルドール並びに有機酸を含有することを特徴とする。
本発明の飼料におけるカシューナッツ殻油、加熱処理カシューナッツ殻油、アナカルド酸、カルダノールおよび/またはカルドールの含有量(2以上を含む場合は合計量)は、カシューナッツ殻油、加熱処理カシューナッツ殻油、アナカルド酸、カルダノールおよび/またはカルドールの配合量と、有機酸の配合量の質量比が1:5~1:20(1:10~1:20であってもよい)となるような量であれば特に制限されない。
この際、粉末状、固形状の剤を用いる場合は、混合を容易にするために液体担体を用いて、剤を液状またはゲル状の形態にしてもよい。この場合は、水、植物油、液体動物油、鉱物油、合成油、水溶性高分子化合物等の流動性液体を液体担体として用いることができる。また、飼料中におけるカシューナッツ殻油、加熱処理カシューナッツ殻油、アナカルド酸、カルダノールおよび/またはカルドール並びに有機酸の均一性を保つために、アルギン酸、アルギン酸ナトリウム、キサンタンガム、カルボキシメチルセルロース、αデンプン、カゼインナトリウム、アラビアゴム、グアーガム、タマリンド種子多糖類などの水溶性多糖類を配合することも好ましい。
投与は1日に複数回行われてもよい。また、数日間にわたって投与されてもよい。
ルーメン培養液を用いたメタン産生測定系でのカシューナッツ殻油(CNSL)、有機酸およびガーリック末の評価
(1)試料
カシューナッツの殻から低温圧搾で抽出したカシューナッツ殻油(CNSL)を入手した。培養イノキュラムには分娩後90日以上経過したホルスタイン泌乳牛から経口的に採取したルーメン液(4重ガーゼろ液)を用いた。当該ルーメン液4mLと人工唾液(McDougal's artificial saliva)6mLを添加して培養に用いた。
CNSLの試験培養液中の濃度を100~500 mg/Lとして実施した。CNSLはエタノールに溶解し、任意の液中濃度になるようハンゲートチューブに添加した。同様に、DL-リンゴ酸およびフマル酸はエタノールに溶解、任意の液中濃度になるよう添加した。エタノールの影響を等しくするため、無添加区(対照区)はエタノールのみを添加した。その後、数時間放置することでエタノールを揮散させ、ここに培養基質としてコーンスターチ50mg、濃厚飼料粉末75mgおよびチモシー乾草粉末75mgを加えた。ガーリック末は培養基質乾物量に対し0.5%もしくは1.0%で添加した。これは試験培養液中濃度に換算すると100 mg/Lまたは200 mg/Lに相当する。これら試験管に上記の混合比で希釈ルーメン液と人工唾液、計10ml加え、ヘッドスペースに窒素ガスを吹き込みながらブチルゴムキャップとプラスチックスクリューキャップを施し、インキュベーターにて嫌気培養した(39℃、17時間)。それぞれ3連の培養とした。
メタンおよび揮発性脂肪酸のうち酢酸濃度は、ともにFIDガスクロマトグラフィーにて分析した。
(i)ガス生成量および酢酸生成量
ガス生成量および酢酸生成量の結果を表1に示す。
CNSL濃度依存的にメタン生成量および酢酸生成量の低下がみられた。CNSL 100 mg/LとDL-リンゴ酸 500~1000 mg/L又はフマル酸 500 mg/Lを併用した際は、CNSL 100 mg/L単独添加に比べメタン生成量が顕著に減少した一方で、酢酸生成量には顕著な低下が見られなかった。CNSLとガーリック末との併用、DL-リンゴ酸 500~1000 mg/Lの単独使用、ガーリック末 100~200 mg/Lでは顕著なメタン削減率向上は見られなかった。
ルーメン培養液を用いたメタン産生測定系でのカシューナッツ殻油(CNSL)および各種有機酸の評価
(1)試料
カシューナッツの殻から低温圧搾で抽出したカシューナッツ殻油(CNSL)を入手した。培養イノキュラムには分娩後90日以上経過したホルスタイン泌乳牛から経口的に採取したルーメン液(4重ガーゼろ液)を用いた。当該ルーメン液4mLと人工唾液(McDougal's artificial saliva)6mLを添加して培養に用いた。
CNSLの試験培養液中の濃度100~500 mg/Lとして実施した。CNSLはエタノールに溶解し、任意の液中濃度になるようハンゲートチューブに添加した。同様に、ピルビン酸、クエン酸、コハク酸はエタノールに溶解、任意の液中濃度になるよう添加した。エタノールの影響を等しくするため、無添加区(対照区)はエタノールのみを添加した。その後、数時間放置することでエタノールを揮散させ、ここに培養基質としてコーンスターチ50mg、濃厚飼料粉末75mgおよびチモシー乾草粉末75mgを加えた。これら試験管に上記の混合比で希釈ルーメン液と人工唾液、計10ml加え、ヘッドスペースに窒素ガスを吹き込みながらブチルゴムキャップとプラスチックスクリューキャップを施し、インキュベーターにて嫌気培養した(39℃、17時間)。それぞれ3連の培養とした。
メタンおよび揮発性脂肪酸のうち酢酸濃度は、ともにFIDガスクロマトグラフィーにて分析した。
(i)ガス生成量および酢酸生成量
ガス生成量および酢酸生成量の結果を表2に示す。
実施例1と同様にCNSL濃度依存的にメタン生成量および酢酸生成量の低下がみられた。CNSL 100 mg/Lとクエン酸 500~1000 mg/Lを併用した際に、CNSL 100 mg/L単独添加に比べメタン生成量が顕著に減少した一方で、酢酸生成量には低下が見られなかった。CNSLとピルビン酸もしくはコハク酸との併用、当該濃度での各有機酸単独添加では顕著なメタン削減率の向上は見られなかった。
ルーメン培養液を用いたメタン産生測定系でのカシューナッツ殻油(CNSL)およびDL-リンゴ酸、クエン酸の評価
(1)試料
カシューナッツの殻から低温圧搾で抽出したカシューナッツ殻油(CNSL)を入手した。培養イノキュラムには分娩後90日以上経過したホルスタイン泌乳牛から経口的に採取したルーメン液(4重ガーゼろ液)を用いた。当該ルーメン液4mLと人工唾液(McDougal's artificial saliva)6mLを添加して培養に用いた。
CNSLの試験培養液中の濃度100~500 mg/Lとして実施した。CNSLはエタノールに溶解し、任意の液中濃度になるようハンゲートチューブに添加した。同様に、DL-リンゴ酸、クエン酸はエタノールに溶解、任意の液中濃度になるよう添加した。エタノールの影響を等しくするため、無添加区(対照区)はエタノールのみを添加した。その後、数時間放置することでエタノールを揮散させ、ここに培養基質としてコーンスターチ50mg、濃厚飼料粉末75mgおよびチモシー乾草粉末75mgを加えた。これら試験管に上記の混合比で希釈ルーメン液と人工唾液、計10ml加え、ヘッドスペースに窒素ガスを吹き込みながらブチルゴムキャップとプラスチックスクリューキャップを施し、インキュベーターにて嫌気培養した(39℃、17時間)。それぞれ3連の培養とした。
メタンおよび揮発性脂肪酸のうち酢酸濃度は、ともにFIDガスクロマトグラフィーにて分析した。
(i)ガス生成量および酢酸生成量
ガス生成量および酢酸生成量の結果を表3に示す。
実施例1、2と同様にCNSL濃度依存的にメタン生成量および酢酸生成量の低下がみられた。CNSL 100 mg/LとDL-リンゴ酸 500~2000 mg/L又はクエン酸 500~2000 mg/Lを併用した際に、CNSL 100 mg/L単独添加に比べメタン生成量が顕著に減少した一方で、酢酸生成量には低下が見られなかった。クエン酸 500 mg/LおよびDL-リンゴ酸 500 mg/Lを混合して使用すると各有機酸単独添加した時よりもメタン削減効果が高まる傾向が見られた。
Claims (13)
- カシューナッツ殻油、加熱処理カシューナッツ殻油、アナカルド酸、カルダノールおよび/またはカルドール並びに有機酸を有効成分として含有し、カシューナッツ殻油、加熱処理カシューナッツ殻油、アナカルド酸、カルダノールおよび/またはカルドールの配合量と、有機酸の配合量の質量比が1:5~1:20であることを特徴とする、反芻動物のメタン産生抑制剤。
- 有機酸が炭素数3~12のカルボン酸である、請求項1に記載のメタン産生抑制剤。
- 有機酸が炭素数3~10のヒドロキシカルボン酸である、請求項1に記載のメタン産生抑制剤。
- 有機酸がクエン酸またはリンゴ酸である、請求項1に記載のメタン産生抑制剤。
- 反芻動物がウシである、請求項1に記載のメタン産生抑制剤。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載のメタン産生抑制剤を含む、反芻動物のメタン産生抑制用飼料。
- カシューナッツ殻油、加熱処理カシューナッツ殻油、アナカルド酸、カルダノールおよび/またはカルドール並びに有機酸を反芻動物に投与する工程を含み、カシューナッツ殻油、加熱処理カシューナッツ殻油、アナカルド酸、カルダノールおよび/またはカルドールの反芻動物1頭1日当たりの投与量と、有機酸の反芻動物1頭1日当たりの投与量の質量比が1:5~1:20であることを特徴とする、反芻動物のメタン産生を抑制する方法。
- 有機酸が炭素数3~12のカルボン酸である、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 有機酸が炭素数3~10のヒドロキシカルボン酸である、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 有機酸がクエン酸またはリンゴ酸である、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 反芻動物がウシである、請求項7に記載の方法。
- カシューナッツ殻油、加熱処理カシューナッツ殻油、アナカルド酸、カルダノールおよび/またはカルドールと、有機酸は、事前に混合されて投与される、請求項7に記載の方法。
- カシューナッツ殻油、加熱処理カシューナッツ殻油、アナカルド酸、カルダノールおよび/またはカルドールと、有機酸は、別々に投与される、請求項7に記載の方法。
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| WO2008149992A1 (ja) | 2007-06-08 | 2008-12-11 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | ルーメン発酵改善剤 |
| JP2010088363A (ja) * | 2008-10-09 | 2010-04-22 | Tohoku Kako Kk | 動物用飼料添加剤 |
| WO2011152532A1 (ja) | 2010-06-03 | 2011-12-08 | 出光興産株式会社 | 安定性が向上したカシューナッツ殻油 |
| WO2012060451A1 (ja) | 2010-11-05 | 2012-05-10 | 出光興産株式会社 | 安定性が向上したカシューナッツ殻油 |
| WO2012093533A1 (ja) * | 2011-01-07 | 2012-07-12 | 出光興産株式会社 | 反芻動物の乳量及び/または乳質向上剤、周産期病予防または治療剤、並びに繁殖効率改善剤 |
| JP2014515265A (ja) * | 2011-05-23 | 2014-06-30 | グラスプ インダストリア エ コマーシオ エルティーディーエー. | 第一胃内発酵由来のメタン放出を低減するカプセル化硝酸塩及び硫酸塩の使用 |
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2023
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- 2023-10-02 JP JP2024555796A patent/JPWO2024075706A1/ja active Pending
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- 2023-10-02 KR KR1020257011447A patent/KR20250076551A/ko active Pending
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- 2023-10-02 WO PCT/JP2023/035963 patent/WO2024075706A1/ja not_active Ceased
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| WO2012093533A1 (ja) * | 2011-01-07 | 2012-07-12 | 出光興産株式会社 | 反芻動物の乳量及び/または乳質向上剤、周産期病予防または治療剤、並びに繁殖効率改善剤 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| MX2025003875A (es) | 2025-05-02 |
| EP4599689A1 (en) | 2025-08-13 |
| JPWO2024075706A1 (ja) | 2024-04-11 |
| AR130651A1 (es) | 2025-01-08 |
| KR20250076551A (ko) | 2025-05-29 |
| AU2023357593A1 (en) | 2025-05-15 |
| CN119968125A (zh) | 2025-05-09 |
| UY40464A (es) | 2024-04-02 |
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