WO2024071307A1 - 調光体、合わせガラス及び自動車 - Google Patents
調光体、合わせガラス及び自動車 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024071307A1 WO2024071307A1 PCT/JP2023/035428 JP2023035428W WO2024071307A1 WO 2024071307 A1 WO2024071307 A1 WO 2024071307A1 JP 2023035428 W JP2023035428 W JP 2023035428W WO 2024071307 A1 WO2024071307 A1 WO 2024071307A1
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- color
- resin layer
- less
- visible light
- laminated glass
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10467—Variable transmission
- B32B17/10486—Variable transmission photochromic
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
- B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
- B60J1/001—Double glazing for vehicles
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
- E06B3/67—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light
- E06B3/6715—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased thermal insulation or for controlled passage of light
- E06B3/6722—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased thermal insulation or for controlled passage of light with adjustable passage of light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
- B32B2605/08—Cars
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/153—Constructional details
- G02F1/157—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. reflectors or illuminating devices
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a photochromic body.
- the present invention also relates to laminated glass and automobiles that use the photochromic body.
- a dimming body that includes a first resin layer, a dimming layer, and a second resin layer in this order.
- the dimming layer in the dimming body is transparent when a voltage is applied and opaque when no voltage is applied, so that the dimming body changes color when a voltage is applied and when no voltage is applied.
- the dimming body is used, for example, as laminated glass (dimming glass) sandwiched between a pair of glass plates.
- the first resin layer and the second resin layer have the same composition, so when no voltage is applied, the color of the dimming body viewed from the first resin layer side is the same as the color of the dimming body viewed from the second resin layer side. Therefore, it is difficult to say that conventional dimming bodies have high design quality.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a photochromic body with high designability. Another object of the present invention is to provide laminated glass and automobiles using the photochromic body.
- a photochromic body that includes a first resin layer, a photochromic layer, and a second resin layer in this order, and the first resin layer and the second resin layer have different colors.
- the color difference between the visible light transmission color of the first resin layer and the visible light transmission color of the second resin layer in the L * a * b * color system is greater than 0 and less than 100.
- the absolute value of the value X calculated by the following formula (X) is 5 or more and 100 or less.
- A The color difference in the L * a * b * color system between the visible light transmission color of the first resin layer and the visible light transmission color of the light-adjusting layer when no voltage is applied.
- B The color difference in the L * a * b * color system between the visible light transmission color of the second resin layer and the visible light transmission color of the light-adjusting layer when no voltage is applied.
- the visible light transmission color of the first resin layer has a chroma C * in the L * a * b * color system of 50 or less
- the visible light transmission color of the second resin layer has a chroma C * in the L * a * b * color system of 70 or less
- the visible light transmittance of the second resin layer is less than 100%.
- the dominant visible light wavelength of the first resin layer is in the range of 580 nm to less than 780 nm.
- the dominant visible light wavelength of the second resin layer is greater than or equal to 380 nm and less than 650 nm.
- the ratio of the peak height of the dominant visible light wavelength of the second resin layer to the peak height of the dominant visible light wavelength of the first resin layer is greater than 0 and is equal to or less than 5.
- the first resin layer contains a thermoplastic resin and a colorant
- the second resin layer contains a thermoplastic resin and a colorant
- the average thickness of the first resin layer is 50 ⁇ m or more and 1000 ⁇ m or less
- the average thickness of the second resin layer is 50 ⁇ m or more and 1000 ⁇ m or less.
- the color coordinate a* in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light reflection color of the photochromic body when measured from the first resin layer side is greater than or equal to -20 and less than or equal to 20.
- the color coordinate a* in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light reflection color of the photochromic body when measured from the second resin layer side is greater than or equal to -20 and less than or equal to 20.
- the color coordinate a * of the visible light transmission color of the light control body when a voltage is applied is from ⁇ 20 to 20 in the L * a * b * color system.
- the first resin layer and the second resin layer are a combination that have a complementary color relationship.
- the product of the color coordinate a * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light transmission color of the first resin layer and the color coordinate a * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light transmission color of the second resin layer is a negative value.
- the sum of the color coordinate a * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light transmission color of the first resin layer and the color coordinate a * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light transmission color of the second resin layer is 15 or less.
- the product of the color coordinate b* in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light transmission color of the first resin layer and the color coordinate b * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light transmission color of the second resin layer is a negative value.
- the sum of the color coordinate b* in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light transmission color of the first resin layer and the color coordinate b * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light transmission color of the second resin layer is 15 or less.
- the product of the color coordinate a * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light reflection color of the first resin layer and the color coordinate a * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light reflection color of the second resin layer is a negative value.
- the sum of the color coordinate a * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light reflection color of the first resin layer and the color coordinate a * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light reflection color of the second resin layer is 10 or less.
- the sum of the color coordinate b* in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light reflection color of the first resin layer and the color coordinate b* in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light reflection color of the second resin layer is 10 or less.
- laminated glass comprising a first laminated glass member, a second laminated glass member, and the above-mentioned light control body, with the light control body being disposed between the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member.
- the visible light reflection color of the laminated glass when no voltage is applied, has a color coordinate a * of ⁇ 20 or more and 20 or less in the L * a * b * color system.
- the visible light reflection color of the laminated glass when no voltage is applied, has a color coordinate a * of ⁇ 20 or more and 20 or less in the L * a * b * color system.
- the color coordinate a * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light transmission color of the laminated glass when a voltage is applied is ⁇ 20 or more and 20 or less.
- an automobile comprising an automobile body and a laminated glass as a window glass of the automobile, the laminated glass being the laminated glass described above.
- the photochromic body of the present invention comprises a first resin layer, a photochromic layer, and a second resin layer in this order, and the first resin layer and the second resin layer have different colors.
- the photochromic body of the present invention has the above configuration and therefore has high designability.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic diagram of a light control element according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view that illustrates an example of a laminated glass using the light control element shown in FIG.
- the light control body according to the present invention includes a first resin layer, a light control layer, and a second resin layer in this order.
- the first resin layer, the light control layer, and the second resin layer are arranged in this order in the thickness direction of the light control body.
- the light control layer is arranged between the first resin layer and the second resin layer.
- the first resin layer and the second resin layer have different colors.
- the light control element of the present invention has the above-mentioned configuration and therefore has high designability.
- the photochromic element of the present invention by appropriately selecting the first resin layer and the second resin layer to be a combination that has a complementary color relationship, it is possible to make the color achromatic or close to achromatic when voltage is applied, even though the color viewed from the first resin layer side is different from the color viewed from the second resin layer side when no voltage is applied.
- the color of the window glass differs when viewed from inside the vehicle and when viewed from outside the vehicle when no voltage is applied, resulting in high designability.
- the color of the window glass when viewed from inside the vehicle can be the same as the color of the interior of the vehicle, or achromatic or nearly achromatic, while the color of the window glass when viewed from outside the vehicle can be the same as the color of the vehicle body, or a color that provides high privacy protection.
- the first resin layer and the second resin layer so as to have a combination of complementary colors, the color can be achromatic or nearly achromatic when voltage is applied. Therefore, visibility from inside and outside the vehicle can be improved when voltage is applied.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic diagram of a photochromic element according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the photochromic body 11 shown in FIG. 1 comprises a first resin layer 1, a photochromic layer 3, and a second resin layer 2, in this order.
- the first resin layer 1 is disposed and laminated on a first surface 3a of the photochromic layer 3.
- the second resin layer 2 is disposed and laminated on a second surface 3b opposite the first surface 3a of the photochromic layer 3.
- the first resin layer 1 and the second resin layer 2 are each a protective layer, and in this embodiment, are surface layers.
- the photochromic layer 3 is disposed and sandwiched between the first resin layer 1 and the second resin layer 2.
- first resin layer 1 and the light-adjusting layer 3 may be disposed between the first resin layer 1 and the light-adjusting layer 3, and between the second resin layer 2 and the light-adjusting layer 3. It is preferable that the first resin layer 1 and the light-adjusting layer 3, and the second resin layer 2 and the light-adjusting layer 3 are directly laminated to each other.
- the color coordinate a * , color coordinate b*, color coordinate L * , and chroma C * of the visible light transmission color in the L * a * b * color system for the first resin layer, the photochromic layer, the second resin layer, and the photochromic body it is preferable to measure the color coordinate a * , color coordinate b*, color coordinate L * , and chroma C * of the visible light reflection color in the L * a * b * color system for the first resin layer , the photochromic layer, the second resin layer , and the photochromic body.
- These color coordinates and chroma C* are measured as follows.
- a measurement object (the first resin layer, the photochromic layer, the second resin layer, or the photochromic body) is prepared.
- the measurement object is the first resin layer, the photochromic layer, or the second resin layer, the first resin layer, the photochromic layer, and the second resin layer may be peeled off from the photochromic body to prepare the first resin layer, the photochromic layer, and the second resin layer.
- the measurement object prepared is sandwiched between two clear glasses having a thickness of 2.5 mm according to JIS R3202:1996 to obtain a laminate.
- the obtained laminate is placed in a rubber bag, degassed at a vacuum degree of 2.6 kPa for 20 minutes, and then transferred to an oven in the degassed state, and further held at 90 ° C for 30 minutes to vacuum press and pre-press the laminate.
- the pre-pressed laminate is pressed in an autoclave at 135 ° C and a pressure of 1.2 MPa for 20 minutes to obtain a measurement sample (measurement laminated glass).
- the color coordinate a * , color coordinate b * , color coordinate L * , and chroma C * of the visible light transmission color of the obtained measurement sample are set to the color coordinate a * , color coordinate b * , color coordinate L * , and chroma C * of the visible light transmission color of the measurement object.
- the color coordinate a * , color coordinate b * , color coordinate L * and saturation C * of the visible light transmission color of the obtained measurement sample are respectively the color coordinate a * , color coordinate b*, color coordinate L * and saturation C * of the visible light transmission color of the measurement object, that is, the first resin layer, the photochromic layer, the second resin layer or the photochromic body.
- the color coordinate a * , color coordinate b * , color coordinate L * , and chroma C * of the visible light reflection color of the obtained measurement sample are set to the color coordinate a * , color coordinate b * , color coordinate L * , and chroma C * of the visible light reflection color of the measurement object.
- the color coordinate a * , color coordinate b * , color coordinate L * and saturation C * of the visible light reflected color of the obtained measurement sample are respectively the color coordinate a * , color coordinate b*, color coordinate L * and saturation C * of the visible light reflected color of the object to be measured, that is, the first resin layer, the photochromic layer , the second resin layer or the photochromic body.
- the color coordinates a * , b * , L * , and C * of the visible light transmission color and visible light reflection color of the measurement sample refer to values measured at the center position between one end and the other end of each measurement object.
- the one end and the other end are the opposite ends of the measurement object.
- the spectrophotometer may be, for example, Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation's "UH-4150.”
- the color coordinate a * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light transmission color of the first resin layer is preferably ⁇ 50 or more, more preferably ⁇ 40 or more, even more preferably ⁇ 30 or more, even more preferably ⁇ 20 or more, even more preferably ⁇ 10 or more, particularly preferably ⁇ 5 or more, most preferably ⁇ 2 or more, preferably 20 or less, more preferably 10 or less, even more preferably 5 or less, and particularly preferably 3 or less.
- the color coordinate a * is equal to or more than the lower limit and equal to or less than the upper limit, the color of the light control body can be improved when viewed from the first resin layer side when no voltage is applied.
- the color coordinate b * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light transmission color of the first resin layer is preferably ⁇ 20 or more, more preferably ⁇ 10 or more, even more preferably ⁇ 5 or more, and preferably 30 or less, more preferably 20 or less, and even more preferably 10 or less.
- the color coordinate b * is equal to or more than the above lower limit and equal to or less than the above upper limit, the color of the light control body can be made good when viewed from the first resin layer side when no voltage is applied.
- the color coordinate L * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light transmission color of the first resin layer is preferably 15 or more, more preferably 20 or more, even more preferably 22 or more, preferably less than 100, more preferably 90 or less, even more preferably 80 or less, even more preferably 70 or less, even more preferably 60 or less, even more preferably 50 or less, even more preferably 40 or less, particularly preferably 30 or less, and most preferably 25 or less.
- the color coordinate L * is equal to or more than the lower limit and equal to or less than the upper limit (or less than the upper limit)
- the color of the light control body can be improved when viewed from the first resin layer side when no voltage is applied.
- the chroma C * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light transmission color of the first resin layer is preferably 0.2 or more, more preferably 0.5 or more, even more preferably 1.0 or more, particularly preferably 4.0 or more, preferably 50 or less, more preferably 40 or less, even more preferably 35 or less, even more preferably 30 or less, even more preferably 20 or less, even more preferably 10 or less, particularly preferably 6 or less, and most preferably 3 or less.
- the chroma C * is equal to or more than the lower limit and equal to or less than the upper limit, the color of the light control body can be improved when viewed from the first resin layer side when no voltage is applied.
- the color coordinate a * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light transmission color of the second resin layer is preferably ⁇ 30 or more, more preferably ⁇ 20 or more, even more preferably ⁇ 10 or more, particularly preferably ⁇ 5 or more, most preferably ⁇ 2 or more, and preferably 50 or less, more preferably 40 or less, even more preferably 30 or less, even more preferably 20 or less, particularly preferably 10 or less, and most preferably 0 or less.
- the color coordinate a * is equal to or more than the lower limit and equal to or less than the upper limit, the color of the light control body can be improved when viewed from the second resin layer side when no voltage is applied.
- the color coordinate b * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light transmission color of the second resin layer is preferably ⁇ 20 or more, more preferably ⁇ 10 or more, even more preferably ⁇ 5 or more, particularly preferably 0 or more, preferably 50 or less, more preferably 40 or less, even more preferably 30 or less, even more preferably 20 or less, particularly preferably 10 or less, and most preferably 2 or less.
- the color coordinate b * is equal to or more than the above lower limit and equal to or less than the above upper limit, the color of the light control body can be improved when viewed from the second resin layer side when no voltage is applied.
- the color coordinate L * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light transmission color of the second resin layer is preferably 10 or more, more preferably 20 or more, even more preferably 30 or more, particularly preferably 40 or more, most preferably 50 or more, and preferably less than 100, more preferably 98 or less, and even more preferably 96 or less.
- the color coordinate L * is equal to or more than the lower limit and equal to or less than the upper limit (or less than the upper limit)
- the color of the light control body can be improved when viewed from the second resin layer side when no voltage is applied.
- the chroma C * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light transmission color of the second resin layer is preferably 0.3 or more, more preferably 0.5 or more, even more preferably 2.0 or more, preferably 70 or less, more preferably 60 or less, even more preferably 50 or less, even more preferably 30 or less, even more preferably 20 or less, particularly preferably 15 or less, and most preferably 5 or less.
- the chroma C * is equal to or more than the lower limit and equal to or less than the upper limit, the color of the light control body can be improved when viewed from the second resin layer side when no voltage is applied.
- the color difference between the visible light transmission color of the first resin layer and the visible light transmission color of the second resin layer in the L * a * b * color system is preferably more than 0, more preferably 5 or more, even more preferably 10 or more, particularly preferably 20 or more, most preferably 30 or more, preferably 100 or less, more preferably less than 100, even more preferably 90 or less, even more preferably 80 or less, even more preferably 75 or less, even more preferably 60 or less, even more preferably 50 or less, even more preferably 40 or less, even more preferably 30 or less, especially preferably 20 or less, and most preferably 15 or less.
- the color difference is equal to or more than the lower limit (or exceeds the lower limit) and equal to or less than the upper limit (or less than the upper limit), the effects of the present invention can be more effectively exhibited.
- the product of the color coordinate a * of the visible light transmission color of the first resin layer in the L * a * b * color system and the color coordinate a * of the visible light transmission color of the second resin layer in the L * a * b * color system is preferably a negative value.
- the first resin layer and the second resin layer are combined in a complementary color relationship, and can be made to be an achromatic color or a color close to an achromatic color when a voltage is applied.
- the sum of the color coordinate a * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light transmission color of the first resin layer and the color coordinate a * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light transmission color of the second resin layer is preferably 15 or less, more preferably 10 or less, and even more preferably 5 or less.
- the relationship between the first resin layer and the second resin layer is a combination in a complementary color relationship, and a color that is achromatic or close to achromatic when a voltage is applied can be obtained.
- the sum of the color coordinate a * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light transmission color of the first resin layer and the color coordinate a * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light transmission color of the second resin layer may be -15 or more, -10 or more, or -5 or more.
- the absolute value of the difference between the color coordinate a * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light transmission color of the first resin layer and the color coordinate a * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light transmission color of the second resin layer is preferably more than 0, more preferably 1 or more, preferably 80 or less, more preferably 70 or less, even more preferably 60 or less, even more preferably 50 or less, even more preferably 40 or less, even more preferably 30 or less, even more preferably 20 or less, particularly preferably 10 or less, and most preferably 5 or less.
- the absolute value of the difference is equal to or greater than the lower limit (or exceeds the lower limit) and equal to or less than the upper limit, the effects of the present invention can be exhibited even more effectively.
- the product of the color coordinate b * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light transmission color of the first resin layer and the color coordinate b * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light transmission color of the second resin layer is preferably a negative value.
- the first resin layer and the second resin layer are combined to have a complementary color relationship, and can be made to be an achromatic color or a color close to an achromatic color when a voltage is applied.
- the sum of the color coordinate b * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light transmission color of the first resin layer and the color coordinate b * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light transmission color of the second resin layer is preferably 15 or less, more preferably 10 or less, and even more preferably 5 or less.
- the relationship between the first resin layer and the second resin layer is a combination in a complementary color relationship, and a color that is achromatic or close to achromatic when a voltage is applied can be obtained.
- the sum of the color coordinate b * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light transmission color of the first resin layer and the color coordinate b * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light transmission color of the second resin layer may be -15 or more, -10 or more, or -5 or more.
- the absolute value of the difference between the color coordinate b * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light transmission color of the first resin layer and the color coordinate b * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light transmission color of the second resin layer is preferably more than 0, more preferably at least 1, preferably at most 30, more preferably at most 20, even more preferably at most 10, particularly preferably at most 5, and most preferably at most 2.
- the absolute value of the difference is at least the lower limit (or exceeds the lower limit) and at most the upper limit, the effects of the present invention can be exhibited even more effectively.
- the color coordinate a * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light transmission color of the above-mentioned light-adjusting layer when a voltage is applied is preferably ⁇ 30 or more, more preferably ⁇ 20 or more, even more preferably ⁇ 10 or more, particularly preferably ⁇ 5 or more, preferably 30 or less, more preferably 20 or less, even more preferably 10 or less, particularly preferably 5 or less.
- the color coordinate a * is equal to or more than the above-mentioned lower limit and equal to or less than the above-mentioned upper limit, the color of the light-adjusting body when a voltage is applied can be made good.
- the color coordinate b * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light transmission color of the above-mentioned light-adjusting layer when a voltage is applied is preferably ⁇ 30 or more, more preferably ⁇ 20 or more, even more preferably ⁇ 15 or more, particularly preferably ⁇ 10 or more, most preferably ⁇ 5 or more, preferably 30 or less, more preferably 20 or less, even more preferably 10 or less, particularly preferably 5 or less, and most preferably 2 or less.
- the color coordinate b * is equal to or more than the above lower limit and equal to or less than the above upper limit, the color of the light-adjusting body when a voltage is applied can be made good.
- the color coordinate L * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light transmission color of the above-mentioned light-adjusting layer when a voltage is applied is preferably 5 or more, more preferably 8 or more, even more preferably 10 or more, and preferably 80 or less, more preferably 70 or less, even more preferably 60 or less, even more preferably 50 or less, even more preferably 40 or less, particularly preferably 30 or less, and most preferably 25 or less.
- the above-mentioned color coordinate L * is equal to or more than the above-mentioned lower limit and equal to or less than the above-mentioned upper limit, the color of the light-adjusting body when a voltage is applied can be made good.
- the applied voltage for measuring "the color coordinate a * , color coordinate b *, and color coordinate L * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light transmission color of the above-mentioned light-controlling layer when a voltage is applied" is preferably a voltage in the range of 5 V to 100 V.
- the above-mentioned applied voltage is, for example, 30 V.
- the color coordinate a * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light transmission color of the above-mentioned photochromic element when a voltage is applied is preferably ⁇ 20 or more, more preferably ⁇ 15 or more, even more preferably ⁇ 10 or more, particularly preferably ⁇ 5 or more, preferably 20 or less, more preferably 15 or less, even more preferably 10 or less, particularly preferably 5 or less.
- the color coordinate a * is equal to or more than the above lower limit and equal to or less than the above upper limit, a color that is achromatic or close to achromatic can be obtained when a voltage is applied.
- the color coordinate b * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light transmission color of the above-mentioned photochromic element when a voltage is applied is preferably ⁇ 15 or more, more preferably ⁇ 10 or more, even more preferably ⁇ 5 or more, and preferably 15 or less, more preferably 10 or less, and even more preferably 5 or less.
- the color coordinate b * is equal to or more than the above lower limit and equal to or less than the above upper limit, a color that is achromatic or close to achromatic can be obtained when a voltage is applied.
- the color coordinate L * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light transmission color of the above-mentioned photochromic element when a voltage is applied is preferably 5 or more, more preferably 8 or more, even more preferably 10 or more, and preferably 80 or less, more preferably 70 or less, and even more preferably 60 or less.
- a color can be obtained that is achromatic or close to achromatic when a voltage is applied.
- the chroma C * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light transmission color of the above-mentioned photochromic element when a voltage is applied is preferably more than 0, more preferably 1 or more, preferably 25 or less, more preferably 15 or less, even more preferably 8 or less, and particularly preferably 5 or less.
- the chroma C * is equal to or greater than the above-mentioned lower limit (or exceeds the above-mentioned lower limit) and equal to or less than the above-mentioned upper limit, a color can be obtained that is achromatic or close to achromatic when a voltage is applied.
- the applied voltage for measuring "the color coordinate a * , color coordinate b *, color coordinate L* , and chroma C* in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light transmission color of the photochromic body when a voltage is applied” is preferably a voltage in the range of 5 V to 100 V.
- the applied voltage is, for example, 30 V.
- the absolute value of the value X calculated by the following formula (X) is preferably greater than 0, more preferably greater than 5, even more preferably greater than 10, even more preferably greater than 20, even more preferably greater than 30, even more preferably greater than 40, particularly preferably greater than 50, most preferably greater than 60, preferably less than 100, more preferably less than 100, even more preferably less than 90, particularly preferably less than 80, and most preferably less than 75.
- the absolute value is greater than or equal to the lower limit (or greater than the lower limit) and less than or equal to the upper limit (or less than the upper limit), the color of the dimming element when no voltage is applied can be improved.
- A Color difference in the L * a * b * color system between the visible light transmission color of the first resin layer and the visible light transmission color of the light-adjusting layer when no voltage is applied.
- B Color difference in the L * a * b * color system between the visible light transmission color of the second resin layer and the visible light transmission color of the light-adjusting layer when no voltage is applied.
- the value Y calculated by the following formula (Y) is preferably 20 or less, more preferably 15 or less, and even more preferably 5 or less. If the value Y is equal to or less than the upper limit, an achromatic color or a color close to an achromatic color can be obtained when a voltage is applied.
- the value Y may be greater than 0 or greater than 1.
- a1 Color coordinate a * of the visible light transmission color of the first resin layer in the L * a * b * color system a2 : Color coordinate a * of the visible light transmission color of the second resin layer in the L * a * b * color system b1 : Color coordinate b * of the visible light transmission color of the first resin layer in the L * a * b * color system b2 : Color coordinate b * of the visible light transmission color of the second resin layer in the L * a * b * color system
- the color coordinate a * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light reflection color of the first resin layer is preferably ⁇ 20 or more, more preferably ⁇ 15 or more, even more preferably ⁇ 10 or more, particularly preferably ⁇ 5 or more, most preferably ⁇ 3 or more, preferably 20 or less, more preferably 15 or less, even more preferably 10 or less, particularly preferably 5 or less, and most preferably 3 or less.
- the color coordinate a * is equal to or more than the above lower limit and equal to or less than the above upper limit, the color of the light control body can be made good when viewed from the first resin layer side when no voltage is applied.
- the color coordinate b * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light reflection color of the first resin layer is preferably ⁇ 20 or more, more preferably ⁇ 15 or more, even more preferably ⁇ 10 or more, particularly preferably ⁇ 5 or more, most preferably ⁇ 3 or more, preferably 20 or less, more preferably 15 or less, even more preferably 10 or less, particularly preferably 5 or less, and most preferably 3 or less.
- the color coordinate b * is equal to or more than the above lower limit and equal to or less than the above upper limit, the color of the light control body can be improved when viewed from the first resin layer side when no voltage is applied.
- the color coordinate L * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light reflection color of the first resin layer is preferably 5 or more, more preferably 10 or more, even more preferably 20 or more, preferably 70 or less, more preferably 60 or less, even more preferably 40 or less, and particularly preferably 30 or less.
- the color coordinate L * is equal to or more than the above lower limit and equal to or less than the above upper limit, the color of the light control body can be made good when viewed from the first resin layer side when no voltage is applied.
- the chroma C * of the visible light reflection color of the first resin layer in the L * a * b * color system is preferably more than 0, more preferably more than 0.5, and is preferably 20 or less, more preferably 15 or less, even more preferably 10 or less, particularly preferably 5 or less, and most preferably 3 or less.
- the chroma C * is more than the lower limit and is equal to or less than the upper limit, the color of the light control body can be improved when viewed from the first resin layer side when no voltage is applied.
- the color coordinate a * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light reflection color of the second resin layer is preferably ⁇ 20 or more, more preferably ⁇ 15 or more, even more preferably ⁇ 10 or more, particularly preferably ⁇ 5 or more, most preferably ⁇ 3 or more, preferably 20 or less, more preferably 15 or less, even more preferably 10 or less, particularly preferably 5 or less, and most preferably 3 or less.
- the color coordinate a * is equal to or more than the above lower limit and equal to or less than the above upper limit, the color of the light control body can be improved when viewed from the second resin layer side when no voltage is applied.
- the color coordinate b * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light reflection color of the second resin layer is preferably ⁇ 20 or more, more preferably ⁇ 15 or more, even more preferably ⁇ 10 or more, particularly preferably ⁇ 5 or more, most preferably ⁇ 3 or more, preferably 20 or less, more preferably 15 or less, even more preferably 10 or less, particularly preferably 5 or less, and most preferably 3 or less.
- the color coordinate b * is equal to or more than the above lower limit and equal to or less than the above upper limit, the color of the light control body can be improved when viewed from the second resin layer side when no voltage is applied.
- the color coordinate L * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light reflection color of the second resin layer is preferably 5 or more, more preferably 10 or more, even more preferably 20 or more, preferably 70 or less, more preferably 60 or less, even more preferably 50 or less, particularly preferably 40 or less, and most preferably 35 or less.
- the color coordinate L * is equal to or more than the above lower limit and equal to or less than the above upper limit, the color of the light control body can be made good when viewed from the second resin layer side when no voltage is applied.
- the chroma C * of the visible light reflection color of the second resin layer in the L * a * b * color system is preferably more than 0, more preferably 0.5 or more, preferably 20 or less, more preferably 15 or less, even more preferably 10 or less, particularly preferably 5 or less, and most preferably 3 or less.
- the chroma C * is equal to or more than the lower limit (or exceeds the lower limit) and equal to or less than the upper limit, the color of the light control body can be improved when viewed from the second resin layer side when no voltage is applied.
- the color difference between the visible light reflection color of the first resin layer and the visible light reflection color of the second resin layer in the L * a * b * color system is preferably more than 0, more preferably 5 or more, preferably 50 or less, more preferably 40 or less, even more preferably 30 or less, even more preferably 20 or less, particularly preferably 15 or less, and most preferably 10 or less.
- the color difference is equal to or more than the lower limit (or exceeds the lower limit) and equal to or less than the upper limit, the design can be further improved.
- the product of the color coordinate a * of the visible light reflection color of the first resin layer in the L * a * b * color system and the color coordinate a * of the visible light reflection color of the second resin layer in the L * a * b * color system is preferably a negative value.
- the relationship between the first resin layer and the second resin layer is easily made a combination having a complementary color relationship, and a color that is achromatic or close to achromatic can be obtained when a voltage is applied.
- the sum of the color coordinate a * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light reflection color of the first resin layer and the color coordinate a * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light reflection color of the second resin layer is preferably 10 or less, more preferably 5 or less, and even more preferably 2 or less.
- the relationship between the first resin layer and the second resin layer is a combination in a complementary color relationship, and a color that is achromatic or close to achromatic when a voltage is applied can be obtained.
- the sum of the color coordinate a * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light reflection color of the first resin layer and the color coordinate a * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light reflection color of the second resin layer may be -10 or more, -5 or more, or -2 or more.
- the absolute value of the difference between the color coordinate a * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light reflection color of the first resin layer and the color coordinate a * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light reflection color of the second resin layer is preferably more than 0, preferably 1 or more, preferably 40 or less, more preferably 30 or less, even more preferably 20 or less, still more preferably 15 or less, particularly preferably 10 or less, and most preferably 5 or less.
- the absolute value of the difference is equal to or more than the lower limit (or exceeds the lower limit) and equal to or less than the upper limit, the effects of the present invention can be exhibited even more effectively.
- the sum of the color coordinate b * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light reflection color of the first resin layer and the color coordinate b * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light reflection color of the second resin layer is preferably 10 or less, more preferably 5 or less, and even more preferably 2 or less.
- the relationship between the first resin layer and the second resin layer is a combination in a complementary color relationship, and a color that is achromatic or close to achromatic when a voltage is applied can be obtained.
- the sum of the color coordinate b * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light reflection color of the first resin layer and the color coordinate b * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light reflection color of the second resin layer may be -10 or more, -5 or more, or -2 or more.
- the absolute value of the difference between the color coordinate b * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light reflection color of the first resin layer and the color coordinate b * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light reflection color of the second resin layer is preferably more than 0, preferably 1 or more, preferably 30 or less, more preferably 20 or less, even more preferably 10 or less, particularly preferably 5 or less, and most preferably 3 or less.
- the absolute value of the difference is equal to or more than the lower limit (or exceeds the lower limit) and equal to or less than the upper limit, the effects of the present invention can be exhibited even more effectively.
- the color coordinate a * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light reflection color of the photochromic body measured from the first resin layer side is preferably ⁇ 20 or more, more preferably ⁇ 15 or more, even more preferably ⁇ 10 or more, particularly preferably ⁇ 5 or more, most preferably ⁇ 3 or more, preferably 20 or less, more preferably 15 or less, even more preferably 10 or less, particularly preferably 5 or less, and most preferably 3 or less.
- the color coordinate a * is equal to or more than the lower limit and equal to or less than the upper limit, the color of the photochromic body can be improved when viewed from the first resin layer side when no voltage is applied.
- the color coordinate b * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light reflection color of the photochromic body measured from the first resin layer side is preferably ⁇ 20 or more, more preferably ⁇ 15 or more, even more preferably ⁇ 10 or more, particularly preferably ⁇ 5 or more, most preferably ⁇ 3 or more, preferably 20 or less, more preferably 15 or less, even more preferably 10 or less, particularly preferably 5 or less, and most preferably 3 or less.
- the color coordinate b * is equal to or more than the lower limit and equal to or less than the upper limit, the color of the photochromic body can be made good when viewed from the first resin layer side when no voltage is applied.
- the color coordinate L * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light reflection color of the photochromic body measured from the first resin layer side is preferably 5 or more, more preferably 10 or more, even more preferably 20 or more, preferably 60 or less, more preferably 50 or less, even more preferably 40 or less, and particularly preferably 30 or less.
- the color coordinate L * is equal to or more than the lower limit and equal to or less than the upper limit, the color of the photochromic body can be made good when viewed from the first resin layer side when no voltage is applied.
- the chroma C * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light reflection color of the photochromic body measured from the first resin layer side is preferably more than 0, more preferably 0.2 or more, preferably 30 or less, more preferably 20 or less, even more preferably 10 or less, particularly preferably 5 or less, and most preferably 3 or less.
- the chroma C * is equal to or greater than the lower limit (or exceeds the lower limit) and equal to or less than the upper limit, the color of the photochromic body can be improved when viewed from the first resin layer side when no voltage is applied.
- the color coordinate a * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light reflection color of the photochromic body measured from the second resin layer side is preferably ⁇ 20 or more, more preferably ⁇ 15 or more, even more preferably ⁇ 10 or more, particularly preferably ⁇ 5 or more, most preferably ⁇ 3 or more, preferably 20 or less, more preferably 15 or less, even more preferably 10 or less, particularly preferably 5 or less, and most preferably 3 or less.
- the color coordinate a * is equal to or more than the lower limit and equal to or less than the upper limit, the color of the photochromic body can be made good when viewed from the second resin layer side when no voltage is applied.
- the color coordinate b * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light reflection color of the photochromic body measured from the second resin layer side is preferably ⁇ 20 or more, more preferably ⁇ 15 or more, even more preferably ⁇ 10 or more, particularly preferably ⁇ 5 or more, most preferably ⁇ 3 or more, preferably 20 or less, more preferably 15 or less, even more preferably 10 or less, particularly preferably 5 or less, and most preferably 3 or less.
- the color coordinate b * is equal to or more than the lower limit and equal to or less than the upper limit, the color of the photochromic body can be improved when viewed from the second resin layer side when no voltage is applied.
- the color coordinate L * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light reflection color of the photochromic body measured from the second resin layer side is preferably 5 or more, more preferably 10 or more, even more preferably 20 or more, particularly preferably 30 or more, most preferably 35 or more, and preferably 60 or less, more preferably 50 or less, and even more preferably 40 or less.
- the color coordinate L * is equal to or more than the lower limit and equal to or less than the upper limit, the color of the photochromic body can be made good when viewed from the second resin layer side when no voltage is applied.
- the chroma C * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light reflection color of the photochromic body measured from the second resin layer side is preferably more than 0, more preferably 0.5 or more, preferably 30 or less, more preferably 20 or less, even more preferably 10 or less, and particularly preferably 5 or less.
- the chroma C * is equal to or more than the lower limit (or exceeds the lower limit) and equal to or less than the upper limit, the color of the photochromic body can be improved when viewed from the second resin layer side when no voltage is applied.
- the color difference in the L*a*b* color system between the visible light reflection color of the photochromic body measured from the first resin layer side when no voltage is applied and the visible light reflection color of the photochromic body measured from the second resin layer side when no voltage is applied is preferably 0.5 or more, more preferably 5 or more, even more preferably 10 or more, preferably 50 or less, more preferably 40 or less, even more preferably 30 or less, and particularly preferably 20 or less. If the color difference is equal to or greater than the lower limit and equal to or less than the upper limit, the color difference between the first resin layer side and the second resin layer side when no voltage is applied is large, thereby improving the design of the photochromic body.
- the visible light transmittance of the first resin layer is preferably greater than 0%, more preferably 2% or more, even more preferably 4% or more, preferably less than 100%, preferably 95% or less, more preferably 85% or less, even more preferably 75% or less, even more preferably 65% or less, even more preferably 55% or less, even more preferably 45% or less, even more preferably 35% or less, particularly preferably 25% or less, and most preferably 15% or less.
- the visible light transmittance of the second resin layer is preferably greater than 0%, more preferably 10% or more, even more preferably 20% or more, even more preferably 25% or more, even more preferably 35% or more, even more preferably 45% or more, even more preferably 55% or more, particularly preferably 65% or more, and most preferably 75% or more, preferably less than 100%, more preferably 95% or less, and even more preferably 90% or less.
- the visible light transmittance of the first resin layer is different from the visible light transmittance of the second resin layer.
- the visible light transmittance of the above-mentioned photochromic element when a voltage is applied is preferably 0.2% or more, more preferably 0.5% or more, even more preferably 1% or more, particularly preferably 3% or more, preferably 60% or less, more preferably 50% or less, even more preferably 40% or less, even more preferably 30% or less, even more preferably 20% or less, particularly preferably 10% or less, and most preferably 5% or less.
- the dominant visible light wavelength of the first resin layer is preferably in the range of 550 nm to 780 nm, and more preferably in the range of 580 nm to less than 780 nm.
- the dominant visible light wavelength of the second resin layer is preferably at a wavelength of 380 nm or more and less than 650 nm, more preferably at a wavelength of 380 nm or more and less than 580 nm, even more preferably at a wavelength of 380 nm or more and less than 580 nm, and particularly preferably at a wavelength of 380 nm or more and less than 550 nm.
- the ratio of the peak height of the main visible light wavelength of the second resin layer to the peak height of the main visible light wavelength of the first resin layer is defined as ratio (A).
- the ratio (A) is preferably greater than 0, and is preferably 5 or less, more preferably 4 or less, even more preferably 3 or less, even more preferably 2 or less, particularly preferably 1 or less, and most preferably 0.5 or less.
- the ratio (A) is greater than the lower limit and less than the upper limit, the relationship between the first resin layer and the second resin layer is more likely to be a combination in which the colors are complementary to each other, and a color that is achromatic or close to achromatic can be obtained when a voltage is applied.
- the above visible light transmittance and visible light spectrum can be measured as follows.
- the measurement object (the first resin layer, the second resin layer, or the photochromic body).
- the measurement object is the first resin layer or the second resin layer
- the first resin layer and the second resin layer may be peeled off from the photochromic body to prepare the first resin layer and the second resin layer.
- the measurement object thus prepared is sandwiched between two sheets of clear glass having a thickness of 2.5 mm conforming to JIS R3202:1996 to obtain a laminate.
- the obtained laminate is placed in a rubber bag and degassed for 20 minutes at a vacuum degree of 2.6 kPa, and then transferred to an oven in the degassed state, and further held at 90°C for 30 minutes to perform vacuum pressing and pre-press the laminate.
- the pre-pressed laminate is pressed for 20 minutes in an autoclave under conditions of 135°C and a pressure of 1.2 MPa to obtain a measurement sample (laminated glass for measurement).
- the visible light transmittance and visible light spectrum of the measurement sample are respectively the visible light transmittance and visible light spectrum of the measurement object.
- the visible light transmittance and visible light spectrum of the measurement sample are respectively the visible light transmittance and visible light spectrum of the measurement object, that is, the first resin layer, the second resin layer, or the photochromic body.
- the visible light transmittance of the measurement sample can be measured using a spectrophotometer (e.g., Hitachi High-Tech U-4150) in accordance with JIS R3212:2021, with the A light source defined in JIS Z8701 at wavelengths of 380 nm to 780 nm. It is preferable to measure the visible light transmittance at the center position of the measurement object in a plan view.
- a spectrophotometer e.g., Hitachi High-Tech U-4150
- the dominant visible light wavelength refers to the wavelength with the lowest transmittance among the absorption wavelengths caused by the colorant in the visible light spectrum.
- the light-adjusting layer is a layer having a light-adjusting property.
- the light-adjusting property is a property in which optical properties change with the application of energy. Examples of the energy include light energy, electrical energy, and thermal energy.
- the light-adjusting layer is preferably a layer whose visible light transmittance changes depending on the presence or absence of application of voltage, and which can adjust the amount of incident light.
- the material of the light-adjusting layer is not particularly limited, and may be any material as long as it has a light-adjusting property.
- the type of the dimming layer includes a PDLC (Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal) type, an SPD (Suspended Particle Device) type, and an electrochromic type.
- the dimming layer is preferably a PDLC type, an SPD type, or an electrochromic type dimming layer.
- the dimming layer may be a PDLC type or an SPD type dimming layer.
- the dimming layer may be an electrochromic type dimming layer.
- the dimming layer may be a PDLC type dimming layer.
- the dimming layer may be an SPD type dimming layer.
- the dimming layer may be a TN type or an STN type.
- the dimming body and the laminated glass may not include a liquid crystal display device.
- the dimming body and the laminated glass may not include a dimming layer in a liquid crystal display device.
- the above-mentioned dimming device does not have to be a liquid crystal display device, and may be a dimming device other than a liquid crystal display device.
- the PDLC type light control layer preferably includes a binder and a liquid crystal material dispersed in the binder.
- the liquid crystal material may be contained in a microcapsule. That is, the type of the PDLC type light control layer may be a microencapsulated liquid crystal type (PDMLC).
- PMLC microencapsulated liquid crystal type
- the liquid crystal material preferably has a property that its orientation changes when a voltage is applied.
- the liquid crystal material may be dispersed in the binder as a continuous phase, or may be dispersed in the binder in the form of liquid crystal droplets or liquid crystal capsules.
- Examples of the liquid crystal material include nematic liquid crystals and cholesteric liquid crystals.
- the above-mentioned cholesteric liquid crystal materials include nematic liquid crystals and smectic liquid crystals such as steroid cholesterol derivatives, Schiff bases, azos, azoxys, benzoates, biphenyls, terphenyls, cyclohexyl carboxylates, phenylcyclohexanes, biphenylcyclohexanes, pyrimidines, dioxanes, cyclohexylcyclohexane esters, cyclohexylethanes, cyclohexanes, tolanes, alkenyls, stilbenes, and condensed polycyclics, as well as materials in which a chiral component made of an optically active material such as a Schiff base, azo, ester, or biphenyl is added to a mixed liquid crystal of these. Only one type of the above-mentioned cholesteric liquid crystal material may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination
- the binder holds the liquid crystal material and suppresses the flow of the liquid crystal material. It is preferable that the binder does not dissolve in the liquid crystal material, has a strength that can withstand external forces, and further has high transparency to reflected light and incident light.
- materials for the binder include water-soluble polymer materials such as gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetal resin, cellulose derivatives, polyacrylic acid polymers, ethyleneimine, polyethylene oxide, polyacrylamide, polystyrene sulfonate, polyamidine, and isoprene-based sulfonic acid polymers, and materials that can be made into aqueous emulsions such as fluororesins, silicone resins, acrylic resins, urethane resins, and epoxy resins. Only one type of binder material may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the binder is preferably crosslinked by a crosslinking agent.
- the crosslinking agent is not particularly limited as long as it forms a crosslink between the binders and hardens, makes the binder difficult to dissolve, or makes it insoluble.
- examples of the crosslinking agent include acetaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, glyoxal, potassium alum hydrate, which is a polyvalent metal salt compound, adipic acid dihydrazide, melamine formalin oligomer, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, polyamide epichlorohydrin, and polycarbodiimide. Only one type of the crosslinking agent may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the light control layer of the SPD type preferably includes a resin matrix and a light control suspension dispersed in the resin matrix.
- the light-controlling suspension contains a dispersion medium and light-controlling particles dispersed in the dispersion medium.
- the light control particles include carbon-based materials such as polyiodides and carbon black, metal materials such as copper, nickel, iron, cobalt, chromium, titanium, and aluminum, and inorganic compound materials such as silicon nitride, titanium nitride, and aluminum oxide. These materials may also be particles coated with a polymer. Only one type of the light control particles may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the dispersion medium disperses the light control particles in a flowable state.
- the dispersion medium is preferably a material that selectively adheres to the light control particles, coats the light control particles, and acts to move the light control particles to the phase-separated droplet phase during phase separation with the resin matrix, and is non-conductive and has no affinity with the resin matrix.
- the dispersion medium is preferably a liquid copolymer that has a refractive index similar to that of the resin matrix when made into a light control laminate.
- a (meth)acrylic ester oligomer having a fluoro group or a hydroxyl group is preferable, and a (meth)acrylic ester oligomer having a fluoro group and a hydroxyl group is more preferable.
- the monomer units of the fluoro group or the hydroxyl group face the light control particle side, and the remaining monomer units stabilize the droplets of the light control suspension in the resin matrix. For this reason, the light control particles are easily dispersed in the light control suspension, and the light control particles are easily guided into the droplets that are phase-separated during phase separation with the resin matrix.
- the above-mentioned (meth)acrylic acid ester oligomers having a fluoro group or a hydroxyl group include 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate/butyl acrylate/2-hydroxyethyl acrylate copolymer, 3,5,5-trimethylhexyl acrylate/2-hydroxypropyl acrylate/fumaric acid copolymer, butyl acrylate/2-hydroxyethyl acrylate copolymer, 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl acrylate/butyl acrylate/2-hydroxyethyl acrylate copolymer, 1H,1H,5H-octafluoropentyl ...
- copolymer examples include 1H,1H,2H,2H-heptadecafluorodecyl/butyl acrylate/2-hydroxyethyl acrylate copolymer, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate/butyl acrylate/2-hydroxyethyl acrylate copolymer, 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl methacrylate/butyl acrylate/2-hydroxyethyl acrylate copolymer, 1H,1H,5H-octafluoropentyl methacrylate/butyl acrylate/2-hydroxyethyl acrylate copolymer, and 1H,1H,2H,2H-heptadecafluorodecyl methacrylate/butyl acrylate/2-hydroxyethyl acrylate copolymer. It is more preferable that these (meth)acrylic acid ester oligomers have both fluoro and hydroxy
- the weight average molecular weight of the (meth)acrylic acid ester oligomer is preferably 1,000 or more, more preferably 2,000 or more, and is preferably 20,000 or less, more preferably 10,000 or less.
- the light-adjusting layer can be produced using a resin material for forming the resin matrix and the light-adjusting suspension.
- the resin material is preferably a resin material that is cured by irradiation with energy rays.
- resin materials that are cured by irradiation with energy rays include polymer compositions that contain a photopolymerization initiator and a polymer compound that is cured by energy rays such as ultraviolet rays, visible light, and electron beams.
- the polymer compositions include polymer compositions that contain a polymerizable monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group and a photopolymerization initiator.
- Examples of the polymerizable monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group include non-crosslinkable monomers and crosslinkable monomers.
- non-crosslinkable monomers include vinyl compounds such as styrene monomers, ⁇ -methylstyrene, and chlorostyrene; vinyl ether compounds such as methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, and propyl vinyl ether; acid vinyl ester compounds such as vinyl acetate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl laurate, and vinyl stearate; halogen-containing monomers such as vinyl chloride and vinyl fluoride; (meth)acrylic compounds such as methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, propyl (meth)acrylate, butyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, lauryl (meth)acrylate, cetyl (meth)acrylate, stearyl (meth)acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, and the like.
- vinyl compounds such as styrene monomers, ⁇ -methylstyrene,
- suitable (meth)acrylate compounds include alkyl (meth)acrylate compounds such as aryl (meth)acrylate and isobornyl (meth)acrylate; oxygen-containing (meth)acrylate compounds such as 2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, glycerol (meth)acrylate, polyoxyethylene (meth)acrylate and glycidyl (meth)acrylate; nitrile-containing monomers such as (meth)acrylonitrile; halogen-containing (meth)acrylate compounds such as trifluoromethyl (meth)acrylate and pentafluoroethyl (meth)acrylate; ⁇ -olefin compounds include olefin compounds such as diisobutylene, isobutylene, linearene, ethylene and propylene; and conjugated diene compounds include isoprene and butadiene.
- alkyl (meth)acrylate compounds such as aryl (meth)acrylate and isobornyl
- the crosslinkable monomers include vinyl compounds such as vinyl monomers like divinylbenzene, 1,4-divinyloxybutane, and divinylsulfone; (meth)acrylic compounds such as tetramethylolmethane tetra(meth)acrylate, polytetramethylene glycol diacrylate, tetramethylolmethane tri(meth)acrylate, tetramethylolmethane di(meth)acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, dipentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate, dipentaerythritol penta(meth)acrylate, glycerol tri(meth)acrylate, glycerol di(meth)acrylate, polyethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, polypropylene glycol dimethacrylate, ...
- vinyl compounds such as vinyl monomers like divinylbenzene, 1,4-divinyloxybutan
- Polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compounds such as pyrene glycol di(meth)acrylate, polytetramethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, and 1,4-butanediol di(meth)acrylate; allyl compounds such as triallyl (iso)cyanurate, triallyl trimellitate, diallyl phthalate, diallyl acrylamide, and diallyl ether; silane compounds such as tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane, ethyltriethoxysilane, isopropyltrimethoxysilane, isobutyltrimethoxysilane, cyclohexyltrimethoxysilane, n-hexyltrimethoxysilane, n-octyltrimethoxysilane, and the like.
- Silane alkoxide compounds such as ethoxysilane, n-decyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane, diisopropyldimethoxysilane, trimethoxysilylstyrene, ⁇ -(meth)acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 1,3-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane, methylphenyldimethoxysilane, and diphenyldimethoxysilane; vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, dimethoxymethylvinylsilane, dimethoxyethylvinylsilane, diethoxymethylvinylsilane, diethoxyethylvinylsilane, ethylmethyldivinylsilane, methylvinyldimethoxysilane, and e
- silane alkoxides examples include silane alkoxides containing polymerizable double bonds, such as silane, methylvinyldiethoxysilane, ethylvinyldiethoxysilane, p-styryltrimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyltriethoxysilane, and 3-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane; cyclic siloxanes, such as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane; modified (reactive) silicone oils, such as one-end modified silicone oil, both-end silicone oil, and side-chain silicone oil; and carboxyl group-containing monomers, such as (meth)acrylic acid, maleic acid, and maleic anhydride.
- silane alkoxides containing polymerizable double bonds such
- the photopolymerization initiators include 2,2-dimethoxy-1,2-diphenylethan-1-one, 1-(4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-propan-1-one, bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phenylphosphine oxide, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one, and (1-hydroxycyclohexyl)phenyl ketone.
- the resin material may contain organic solvent-soluble resin, thermoplastic resin, poly(meth)acrylic acid, etc.
- the resin material may also contain various additives such as a color inhibitor, an antioxidant, and an adhesion promoter, and may also contain a solvent.
- the electrochromic light control layer preferably contains an electrochromic material.
- Examples of the electrochromic substance include inorganic compounds having electrochromic properties, organic compounds having electrochromic properties, and mixed valence complexes having electrochromic properties.
- Examples of the inorganic compounds having electrochromic properties include tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, iridium oxide, nickel oxide, vanadium pentoxide, and titanium oxide.
- Examples of the organic compounds having electrochromic properties include polypyrrole compounds, polythiophene compounds, polyparaphenylenevinylene compounds, polyaniline compounds, polyacetylene compounds, polyethylenedioxythiophene compounds, metal phthalocyanine compounds, viologen compounds, viologen salt compounds, ferrocene compounds, dimethyl terephthalate compounds, and diethyl terephthalate compounds.
- Examples of the mixed valence complexes having electrochromic properties include Prussian blue complexes (KFe[Fe(CN) 6 ], etc.).
- the electrochromic substances may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the average thickness of the light-controlling layer is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.3 ⁇ m or more, and preferably 1.0 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.6 ⁇ m or less.
- the average thickness of the light-controlling layer is equal to or more than the lower limit and equal to or less than the upper limit, the light-controlling effect of the light-controlling layer becomes clear.
- first resin layer and the second resin layer have different colors. "The first resin layer and the second resin layer have different colors” means that the following configuration (A) or the following configuration (B) is satisfied. Note that both the following configuration (A) and the following configuration (B) may be satisfied.
- the first resin layer and the second resin layer different in color, it is preferable that the first resin layer and the second resin layer have different compositions.
- the first resin layer includes a resin.
- the first resin layer preferably includes a thermoplastic resin (hereinafter, may be referred to as a thermoplastic resin (1)).
- the first resin layer preferably includes a polyvinyl acetal resin (hereinafter, may be referred to as a polyvinyl acetal resin (1)) as the thermoplastic resin (1).
- the second resin layer includes a resin.
- the second resin layer preferably includes a thermoplastic resin (hereinafter, may be referred to as a thermoplastic resin (2)).
- the second resin layer preferably includes a polyvinyl acetal resin (hereinafter, may be referred to as a polyvinyl acetal resin (2)) as the thermoplastic resin (2).
- thermoplastic resin (1) and the thermoplastic resin (2) may be the same or different.
- the polyvinyl acetal resin (1) and the polyvinyl acetal resin (2) may be the same or different.
- the thermoplastic resin (1) and the thermoplastic resin (2) may each be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the polyvinyl acetal resin (1) and the polyvinyl acetal resin (2) may each be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds.
- thermoplastic resins include polyvinyl acetal resins, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resins, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer resins, polyurethane resins, (meth)acrylic resins, polyolefin resins, ionomer resins, and polyvinyl alcohol resins.
- Thermoplastic resins other than these may also be used.
- the polyvinyl acetal resin can be produced, for example, by acetalizing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with an aldehyde.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- the polyvinyl acetal resin is preferably an acetalized product of polyvinyl alcohol.
- the polyvinyl alcohol can be obtained, for example, by saponifying polyvinyl acetate. The degree of saponification of the polyvinyl alcohol is generally within the range of 70 mol% to 99.9 mol%.
- the average degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is preferably 200 or more, more preferably 500 or more, even more preferably 1500 or more, even more preferably 1600 or more, particularly preferably 2600 or more, and most preferably 2700 or more, and is preferably 5000 or less, more preferably 4000 or less, and even more preferably 3500 or less. If the average degree of polymerization is equal to or greater than the lower limit, the penetration resistance of the laminated glass is further improved. If the average degree of polymerization is equal to or less than the upper limit, the molding of the light control body is facilitated.
- the average degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol is determined by a method conforming to JIS K6726 "Testing method for polyvinyl alcohol.”
- the number of carbon atoms in the acetal group contained in the polyvinyl acetal resin is not particularly limited.
- the aldehyde used in producing the polyvinyl acetal resin is not particularly limited.
- the number of carbon atoms in the acetal group in the polyvinyl acetal resin is preferably 3 to 5, and more preferably 3 or 4. When the number of carbon atoms in the acetal group in the polyvinyl acetal resin is 3 or more, the glass transition temperature of the photochromic element becomes sufficiently low.
- the number of carbon atoms in the acetal group in the polyvinyl acetal resin may be 4 or 5.
- the aldehyde is not particularly limited. In general, aldehydes having 1 to 10 carbon atoms are preferably used. Examples of the aldehydes having 1 to 10 carbon atoms include propionaldehyde, n-butyraldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, n-valeraldehyde, 2-ethylbutyraldehyde, n-hexylaldehyde, n-octylaldehyde, n-nonylaldehyde, n-decylaldehyde, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and benzaldehyde.
- the aldehyde is preferably propionaldehyde, n-butyraldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, n-hexylaldehyde, or n-valeraldehyde, more preferably propionaldehyde, n-butyraldehyde, or isobutyraldehyde, and even more preferably n-butyraldehyde.
- the above aldehydes may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the hydroxyl group content of each of the polyvinyl acetal resin (1) and the polyvinyl acetal resin (2) is preferably 25 mol% or more, more preferably 28 mol% or more, even more preferably 30 mol% or more, even more preferably more than 31 mol%, even more preferably 31.5 mol% or more, particularly preferably 32 mol% or more, most preferably 33 mol% or more, preferably 38 mol% or less, more preferably 37 mol% or less, even more preferably 36.5 mol% or less, and particularly preferably 36 mol% or less.
- the adhesive strength of the photochromic body is further increased.
- the hydroxyl group content is equal to or less than the upper limit, the flexibility of the photochromic body is increased, making it easier to handle the photochromic body.
- the hydroxyl group content of the polyvinyl acetal resin is the molar fraction calculated by dividing the amount of ethylene groups to which hydroxyl groups are bonded by the total amount of ethylene groups in the main chain, expressed as a percentage.
- the amount of ethylene groups to which hydroxyl groups are bonded can be measured, for example, in accordance with JIS K6728 "Testing methods for polyvinyl butyral.”
- the degree of acetylation of each of the polyvinyl acetal resin (1) and the polyvinyl acetal resin (2) is preferably 0.01 mol% or more, more preferably 0.5 mol% or more, and preferably 10 mol% or less, more preferably 2 mol% or less.
- the degree of acetylation is equal to or greater than the lower limit, the compatibility of the polyvinyl acetal resin with the plasticizer is increased.
- the degree of acetylation is equal to or less than the upper limit, the moisture resistance of the light control element and the laminated glass is increased.
- the degree of acetylation is the molar fraction calculated by dividing the amount of ethylene groups to which acetyl groups are bonded by the total amount of ethylene groups in the main chain, expressed as a percentage.
- the amount of ethylene groups to which acetyl groups are bonded can be measured, for example, in accordance with JIS K6728 "Testing methods for polyvinyl butyral.”
- the degree of acetalization of each of the polyvinyl acetal resin (1) and the polyvinyl acetal resin (2) is preferably 55 mol% or more, more preferably 60 mol% or more, and preferably 75 mol% or less, more preferably 71 mol% or less.
- the degree of acetalization is equal to or greater than the lower limit, the compatibility of the polyvinyl acetal resin with the plasticizer is increased.
- the degree of acetalization is equal to or less than the upper limit, the reaction time required to produce the polyvinyl acetal resin is shortened.
- the degree of acetalization is calculated as follows. First, the amount of ethylene groups bonded to hydroxyl groups and the amount of ethylene groups bonded to acetyl groups are subtracted from the total amount of ethylene groups in the main chain. The resulting value is divided by the total amount of ethylene groups in the main chain to calculate the molar fraction. The molar fraction expressed as a percentage is the degree of acetalization.
- the hydroxyl group content (hydroxyl group amount), acetalization degree (butyralization degree), and acetylation degree are preferably calculated from the results of measurements made according to JIS K6728 "Testing Methods for Polyvinyl Butyral". However, measurements made according to ASTM D1396-92 may also be used.
- the polyvinyl acetal resin is a polyvinyl butyral resin
- the hydroxyl group content (hydroxyl group amount), acetalization degree (butyralization degree), and acetylation degree can be calculated from the results of measurements made according to JIS K6728 "Testing Methods for Polyvinyl Butyral".
- the content of polyvinyl acetal resin in 100% by weight of thermoplastic resin in the first resin layer is preferably 10% by weight or more, more preferably 30% by weight or more, even more preferably 50% by weight or more, even more preferably 70% by weight or more, particularly preferably 80% by weight or more, and most preferably 90% by weight or more.
- the content of polyvinyl acetal resin in 100% by weight of thermoplastic resin in the first resin layer is preferably 100% by weight or less.
- the main component (50% by weight or more) of the thermoplastic resin in the first resin layer is preferably polyvinyl acetal resin.
- the content of polyvinyl acetal resin in 100% by weight of thermoplastic resin in the second resin layer is preferably 10% by weight or more, more preferably 30% by weight or more, even more preferably 50% by weight or more, even more preferably 70% by weight or more, particularly preferably 80% by weight or more, and most preferably 90% by weight or more.
- the content of polyvinyl acetal resin in 100% by weight of thermoplastic resin contained in the second resin layer is preferably 100% by weight or less.
- the main component (50% by weight or more) of the thermoplastic resin in the second resin layer is preferably polyvinyl acetal resin.
- the first resin layer preferably contains a plasticizer (hereinafter, may be referred to as plasticizer (1)).
- the second resin layer preferably contains a plasticizer (hereinafter, may be referred to as plasticizer (2)).
- the layer containing a polyvinyl acetal resin preferably contains a plasticizer.
- the plasticizer is not particularly limited. Any conventionally known plasticizer can be used as the plasticizer. Only one type of the plasticizer may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the above plasticizers include organic ester plasticizers such as monobasic organic acid esters and polybasic organic acid esters, organic phosphate plasticizers, and organic phosphite plasticizers.
- the above plasticizer is preferably an organic ester plasticizer.
- the above plasticizer is preferably a liquid plasticizer.
- the monobasic organic acid esters include glycol esters obtained by reacting glycol with a monobasic organic acid.
- glycols include triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, and tripropylene glycol.
- monobasic organic acids include butyric acid, isobutyric acid, caproic acid, 2-ethylbutyric acid, heptyl acid, n-octylic acid, 2-ethylhexyl acid, n-nonylic acid, decylic acid, and benzoic acid.
- the polybasic organic acid esters include ester compounds of polybasic organic acids and alcohols having a linear or branched structure with 4 to 8 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the polybasic organic acids include adipic acid, sebacic acid, and azelaic acid.
- organic ester plasticizers include triethylene glycol di-2-ethylpropanoate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate, triethylene glycol dicaprylate, triethylene glycol di-n-octanoate, triethylene glycol di-n-heptanoate, tetraethylene glycol di-n-heptanoate, dibutyl sebacate, dioctyl azelate, dibutyl carbitol adipate, ethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, 1,3-propylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, 1,4-butylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, diethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, ate, diethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate, dipropylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, triethylene glycol di-2-
- the above organic phosphate plasticizers include tributoxyethyl phosphate, isodecyl phenyl phosphate, and triisopropyl phosphate.
- the plasticizer is preferably a diester plasticizer represented by the following formula (1):
- R1 and R2 each represent an organic group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms
- R3 represents an ethylene group, an isopropylene group, or an n-propylene group
- p represents an integer from 3 to 10.
- R1 and R2 each preferably represent an organic group having 5 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably represent an organic group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the plasticizer preferably contains triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO), triethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate (3GH) or triethylene glycol di-2-ethylpropanoate.
- the plasticizer more preferably contains triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO) or triethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate (3GH), and even more preferably contains triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO).
- the content of the plasticizer (1) relative to 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin (1) is defined as the content (1).
- the content of the plasticizer (2) relative to 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin (2) is defined as the content (2).
- the content (1) and the content (2) are each preferably 5 parts by weight or more, more preferably 10 parts by weight or more, even more preferably 15 parts by weight or more, even more preferably 20 parts by weight or more, particularly preferably 24 parts by weight or more, most preferably 25 parts by weight or more, preferably 45 parts by weight or less, more preferably 40 parts by weight or less, even more preferably 35 parts by weight or less, particularly preferably 32 parts by weight or less, and most preferably 30 parts by weight or less.
- the flexibility of the photochromic body is increased, and the photochromic body is easier to handle.
- the content (1) and the content (2) are equal to or less than the upper limit, the penetration resistance of the laminated glass is further increased.
- the first resin layer may or may not contain a colorant.
- the second resin layer may or may not contain a colorant.
- the first resin layer preferably contains a colorant.
- the second resin layer preferably contains a colorant.
- the light-adjusting body can be well colored to a desired color tone.
- the colorant may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the first resin layer may contain only one type of colorant, may contain two or more types, may contain three or more types, may contain 10 or less types, or may contain 5 or less types.
- the second resin layer may contain only one type of colorant, may contain two or more types, may contain three or more types, may contain 10 or less types, or may contain 5 or less types.
- the colorant in the first resin layer contains a different type of colorant from the colorant in the second resin layer.
- the first resin layer contains a colorant
- the second resin layer contains a colorant
- the colorant in the first resin layer contains a different type of colorant from the colorant in the second resin layer.
- the colorants include pigments and dyes.
- the colorants may be pigments, dyes, or both pigments and dyes. There are also colorants that are classified as both pigments and dyes.
- the colorant may contain a pigment or may be a pigment.
- the first resin layer may contain a pigment or may not contain a pigment.
- the second resin layer may contain a pigment or may not contain a pigment.
- the first resin layer preferably contains a pigment.
- the second resin layer preferably contains a pigment. Only one type of pigment may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the first resin layer may contain only one type of pigment, or two or more types, or three or more types, or ten or less types, or five or less types.
- the second resin layer may contain only one type of pigment, or two or more types, or three or more types, or ten or less types, or five or less types.
- the above pigments include perylene compounds, threne compounds, quinacridone compounds, diketopyrrolopyrrole compounds, anthraquinone compounds, perinone compounds, phthalocyanine compounds, indanthrene compounds, indigo compounds, isoindolinone compounds, nickel complex compounds, methine compounds, azomethine compounds, dioxazines, azo compounds, and carbon black.
- the content of the pigment in 100% by weight of the first resin layer is preferably 0.01% by weight or more, more preferably 0.02% by weight or more, preferably 0.15% by weight or less, more preferably 0.12% by weight or less.
- the content of the pigment is equal to or more than the lower limit and equal to or less than the upper limit, the effect of the present invention can be more effectively exhibited.
- the content of the pigment in 100% by weight of the second resin layer is preferably 0.01% by weight or more, more preferably 0.02% by weight or more, preferably 0.15% by weight or less, more preferably 0.12% by weight or less.
- the content of the pigment is equal to or more than the lower limit and equal to or less than the upper limit, the effect of the present invention can be more effectively exhibited.
- the colorant may contain a dye or may be a dye.
- the first resin layer may contain a dye or may not contain a dye.
- the second resin layer may contain a dye or may not contain a dye.
- the first resin layer preferably contains a dye.
- the second resin layer preferably contains a dye. Only one type of dye may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the first resin layer may contain only one type of dye, or two or more types, or three or more types, or ten or less types, or five or less types.
- the second resin layer may contain only one type of dye, or two or more types, or three or more types, or ten or less types, or five or less types.
- the above dyes include perylene compounds, threne compounds, quinacridone compounds, diketopyrrolopyrrole compounds, anthraquinone compounds, perinone compounds, phthalocyanine compounds, indanthrene compounds, indigo compounds, isoindolinone compounds, nickel complex compounds, methine compounds, azomethine compounds, dioxazines, and azo compounds.
- the content of the dye in 100% by weight of the first resin layer is preferably 0.00001% by weight or more, more preferably 0.0001% by weight or more, even more preferably 0.001% by weight or more, preferably less than 0.015% by weight, more preferably 0.01% by weight or less.
- the content of the dye is equal to or more than the lower limit and equal to or less than the upper limit (or less than the upper limit), the effects of the present invention can be more effectively exhibited.
- the content of the dye in 100% by weight of the second resin layer is preferably 0.00001% by weight or more, more preferably 0.0001% by weight or more, even more preferably 0.001% by weight or more, preferably less than 0.015% by weight, more preferably 0.01% by weight or less.
- the content of the dye is equal to or more than the lower limit and equal to or less than the upper limit (or less than the upper limit), the effects of the present invention can be more effectively exhibited.
- the content of the colorant in 100% by weight of the first resin layer is preferably 0.00001% by weight or more, more preferably 0.0001% by weight or more, even more preferably 0.001% by weight or more, preferably less than 0.015% by weight, more preferably 0.01% by weight or less.
- the content of the colorant is equal to or more than the lower limit and equal to or less than the upper limit (or less than the upper limit), the effects of the present invention can be more effectively exhibited.
- the content of the colorant in 100% by weight of the second resin layer is preferably 0.00001% by weight or more, more preferably 0.0001% by weight or more, even more preferably 0.001% by weight or more, preferably less than 0.015% by weight, more preferably 0.01% by weight or less.
- the content of the colorant is equal to or more than the lower limit and equal to or less than the upper limit (or less than the upper limit), the effects of the present invention can be more effectively exhibited.
- the colorant content (wt%) in the first resin layer (100 wt%) is different from the colorant content (wt%) in the second resin layer (100 wt%).
- the first resin layer or the second resin layer preferably contains at least one metal salt (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as metal salt M) among alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts.
- the first resin layer preferably contains the metal salt M.
- the second resin layer preferably contains the metal salt M.
- the alkaline earth metal means six metals, namely Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Ra.
- the use of the metal salt M makes it easy to control the adhesion between the light control body and the laminated glass member or the adhesion between each layer in the light control body.
- the metal salt M may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the metal salt M preferably contains at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba.
- the metal salt M contained in the photochromic element preferably contains at least one metal selected from the group consisting of K and Mg.
- the metal salt M an alkali metal salt of an organic acid having 2 to 16 carbon atoms and an alkaline earth metal salt of an organic acid having 2 to 16 carbon atoms can be used.
- the metal salt M may include a magnesium salt of a carboxylate having 2 to 16 carbon atoms or a potassium salt of a carboxylate having 2 to 16 carbon atoms.
- magnesium salts of carboxylates having 2 to 16 carbon atoms and the potassium salts of carboxylates having 2 to 16 carbon atoms include magnesium acetate, potassium acetate, magnesium propionate, potassium propionate, magnesium 2-ethylbutyrate, potassium 2-ethylbutanoate, magnesium 2-ethylhexanoate, and potassium 2-ethylhexanoate.
- the total content of Mg and K in the layer (first resin layer or second resin layer) containing the metal salt M is preferably 5 ppm or more, more preferably 10 ppm or more, even more preferably 20 ppm or more, and is preferably 300 ppm or less, more preferably 250 ppm or less, even more preferably 200 ppm or less.
- the adhesion between the photochromic body and the laminated glass member or the adhesion between the layers in the photochromic body can be controlled even better.
- the first resin layer or the second resin layer preferably contains an ultraviolet shielding agent.
- the first resin layer preferably contains an ultraviolet shielding agent.
- the second resin layer preferably contains an ultraviolet shielding agent.
- the ultraviolet shielding agent includes an ultraviolet absorbing agent.
- the ultraviolet shielding agent is preferably an ultraviolet absorbing agent.
- UV blocking agents examples include UV blocking agents containing metal atoms, UV blocking agents containing metal oxides, UV blocking agents having a benzotriazole structure (benzotriazole compounds), UV blocking agents having a benzophenone structure (benzophenone compounds), UV blocking agents having a triazine structure (triazine compounds), UV blocking agents having a malonic acid ester structure (malonic acid ester compounds), UV blocking agents having an oxalic acid anilide structure (oxalic acid anilide compounds), and UV blocking agents having a benzoate structure (benzoate compounds).
- UV blocking agents containing metal atoms examples include UV blocking agents containing metal atoms, UV blocking agents containing metal oxides, UV blocking agents having a benzotriazole structure (benzotriazole compounds), UV blocking agents having a benzophenone structure (benzophenone compounds), UV blocking agents having a triazine structure (triazine compounds), UV blocking agents having a malonic acid ester structure (malonic acid ester compounds), UV blocking agents
- ultraviolet shielding agents containing the above metal atoms include platinum particles, platinum particles whose surfaces are coated with silica, palladium particles, and palladium particles whose surfaces are coated with silica. It is preferable that the ultraviolet shielding agent is not a heat shielding particle.
- the above-mentioned ultraviolet shielding agent is preferably an ultraviolet shielding agent having a benzotriazole structure, an ultraviolet shielding agent having a benzophenone structure, an ultraviolet shielding agent having a triazine structure, or an ultraviolet shielding agent having a benzoate structure.
- the above-mentioned ultraviolet shielding agent is more preferably an ultraviolet shielding agent having a benzotriazole structure or an ultraviolet shielding agent having a benzophenone structure, and even more preferably an ultraviolet shielding agent having a benzotriazole structure.
- Examples of the ultraviolet shielding agent containing the metal oxide include zinc oxide, titanium oxide, and cerium oxide. Furthermore, the surface of the ultraviolet shielding agent containing the metal oxide may be coated. Examples of the coating material for the surface of the ultraviolet shielding agent containing the metal oxide include insulating metal oxides, hydrolyzable organosilicon compounds, and silicone compounds.
- the insulating metal oxides include silica, alumina, and zirconia.
- the insulating metal oxides have a band gap energy of, for example, 5.0 eV or more.
- Examples of the ultraviolet shielding agent having the benzotriazole structure include 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole (BASF's "Tinuvin P"), 2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-t-butylphenyl)benzotriazole (BASF's "Tinuvin 320"), 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-t-butyl-5-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole (BASF's "Tinuvin 326”), and 2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-amylphenyl)benzotriazole (BASF's "Tinuvin 328").
- BASF's "Tinuvin P" 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole
- BASF's "Tinuvin 320" 2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-t-butylphenyl)benzotriazole
- the ultraviolet shielding agent is preferably an ultraviolet shielding agent having a benzotriazole structure containing a halogen atom, and more preferably an ultraviolet shielding agent having a benzotriazole structure containing a chlorine atom.
- An example of an ultraviolet blocking agent having the above benzophenone structure is octabenzone ("Chimassorb 81" manufactured by BASF).
- UV blocking agents having the above malonic acid ester structure examples include 2-(p-methoxybenzylidene)dimethyl malonate, tetraethyl-2,2-(1,4-phenylenedimethylidene)bismalonate, and 2-(p-methoxybenzylidene)-bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidinyl)malonate.
- UV blocking agents having the above malonic acid ester structure include Hostavin B-CAP, Hostavin PR-25, and Hostavin PR-31 (all manufactured by Clariant).
- UV-blocking agents having the above oxalic acid anilide structure include oxalic acid diamides having an aryl group substituted on the nitrogen atom, such as N-(2-ethylphenyl)-N'-(2-ethoxy-5-t-butylphenyl) oxalic acid diamide, N-(2-ethylphenyl)-N'-(2-ethoxy-phenyl) oxalic acid diamide, and 2-ethyl-2'-ethoxy-oxalanilide ("Sanduvor VSU" manufactured by Clariant).
- oxalic acid diamides having an aryl group substituted on the nitrogen atom such as N-(2-ethylphenyl)-N'-(2-ethoxy-5-t-butylphenyl) oxalic acid diamide, N-(2-ethylphenyl)-N'-(2-ethoxy-phenyl) oxalic acid diamide
- An example of an ultraviolet blocking agent having the above benzoate structure is 2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate ("Tinuvin 120" manufactured by BASF).
- the content of the ultraviolet ray shielding agent in 100% by weight of the layer (first resin layer or second resin layer) containing the ultraviolet ray shielding agent is preferably 0.1% by weight or more, more preferably 0.2% by weight or more, even more preferably 0.3% by weight or more, particularly preferably 0.5% by weight or more, preferably 2.5% by weight or less, more preferably 2% by weight or less, even more preferably 1% by weight or less, particularly preferably 0.8% by weight or less.
- the content of the ultraviolet ray shielding agent be 0.2% by weight or more in 100% by weight of the layer containing the ultraviolet ray shielding agent, the decrease in the visible light transmittance of the photochromic body and the laminated glass after a period of time can be significantly suppressed.
- the first resin layer or the second resin layer preferably contains an antioxidant.
- the first resin layer preferably contains an antioxidant.
- the second resin layer preferably contains an antioxidant. Only one type of the antioxidant may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the above antioxidants include phenol-based antioxidants, sulfur-based antioxidants, and phosphorus-based antioxidants.
- the above phenol-based antioxidants are antioxidants that have a phenol skeleton.
- the above sulfur-based antioxidants are antioxidants that contain sulfur atoms.
- the above phosphorus-based antioxidants are antioxidants that contain phosphorus atoms.
- the antioxidant is preferably a phenol-based antioxidant or a phosphorus-based antioxidant.
- phenolic antioxidants include 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol (BHT), butyl hydroxyanisole (BHA), 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-ethylphenol, stearyl- ⁇ -(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, 2,2'-methylene bis-(4-methyl-6-butylphenol), 2,2'-methylene bis-(4-ethyl-6-t-butylphenol), 4,4'-butylidene-bis-(3-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 1,1,3-tris-(2-methyl-hydroxy-5-phenylenediamine), 1,2'-tris-(2-methyl-hydroxy-5-phenylenediamine ...
- BHT 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol
- BHA butyl hydroxyanisole
- BHA butyl hydroxyanisole
- antioxidants are preferably used.
- the above phosphorus-based antioxidants include tridecyl phosphite, tris(tridecyl)phosphite, triphenyl phosphite, trinonylphenyl phosphite, bis(tridecyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(decyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, tris(2,4-di-t-butylphenyl)phosphite, bis(2,4-di-t-butyl-6-methylphenyl)ethyl ester phosphorous acid, and 2,2'-methylenebis(4,6-di-t-butyl-1-phenyloxy)(2-ethylhexyloxy)phosphorus.
- One or more of these antioxidants are preferably used.
- antioxidants include, for example, BASF's "IRGANOX 245,” BASF's “IRGAFOS 168,” BASF's “IRGAFOS 38,” Sumitomo Chemical's “Sumilizer BHT,” Sakai Chemical Industry's “H-BHT,” and BASF's “IRGANOX 1010.”
- the content of the antioxidant in 100% by weight of the layer containing the antioxidant is preferably 0.03% by weight or more, more preferably 0.1% by weight or more.
- the content of the antioxidant is equal to or more than the lower limit, the visible light transmittance of the photochromic element and the laminated glass can be maintained high for a long period of time.
- the content of the antioxidant in 100% by weight of the layer containing the antioxidant is 2% by weight or less.
- the first resin layer and the second resin layer may each contain additives, as necessary, such as heat shielding particles, light stabilizers, coupling agents, dispersants, surfactants, flame retardants, antistatic agents, adhesion regulators other than metal salts, moisture-resistant agents, fluorescent brightening agents, and infrared absorbing agents, etc. These additives may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- heat-shielding particles examples include metal oxide particles such as aluminum-doped tin oxide particles, indium-doped tin oxide particles, antimony-doped tin oxide particles (ATO particles), gallium-doped zinc oxide particles (GZO particles), indium-doped zinc oxide particles (IZO particles), aluminum-doped zinc oxide particles (AZO particles), niobium-doped titanium oxide particles, sodium-doped tungsten oxide particles, cesium-doped tungsten oxide particles, thallium-doped tungsten oxide particles, rubidium-doped tungsten oxide particles, tin-doped indium oxide particles (ITO particles), tin-doped zinc oxide particles, and silicon-doped zinc oxide particles; and lanthanum hexaboride (LaB 6 ) particles.
- metal oxide particles such as aluminum-doped tin oxide particles, indium-doped tin oxide particles, antimony-doped tin oxide
- the average particle diameter of the heat shielding particles is preferably 0.01 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.02 ⁇ m or more, and is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.05 ⁇ m or less. If the average particle diameter is equal to or greater than the lower limit, the heat shielding properties are sufficiently high. If the average particle diameter is equal to or less than the upper limit, the dispersibility of the heat shielding particles is high.
- the “average particle size” above refers to the volume average particle size.
- the average particle size can be measured using a particle size distribution measuring device (Nikkiso Co., Ltd.'s "UPA-EX150”), etc.
- the average thickness of the first resin layer and the average thickness of the second resin layer may be the same or different.
- the average thickness of the first resin layer may be larger or smaller than the average thickness of the second resin layer.
- the average thickness of the first resin layer is preferably 50 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 100 ⁇ m or more, even more preferably 200 ⁇ m or more, even more preferably 300 ⁇ m or more, particularly preferably 380 ⁇ m or more, preferably 1000 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 900 ⁇ m or less, even more preferably 800 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 760 ⁇ m or less. If the average thickness of the first resin layer is equal to or greater than the lower limit, the penetration resistance of the laminated glass obtained can be increased. If the average thickness of the first resin layer is equal to or less than the upper limit, the transparency of the laminated glass obtained can be increased.
- the average thickness of the second resin layer is preferably 50 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 100 ⁇ m or more, even more preferably 200 ⁇ m or more, even more preferably 300 ⁇ m or more, particularly preferably 380 ⁇ m or more, preferably 1000 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 900 ⁇ m or less, even more preferably 800 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 760 ⁇ m or less. If the average thickness of the second resin layer is equal to or greater than the lower limit, the penetration resistance of the resulting laminated glass can be improved. If the average thickness of the second resin layer is equal to or less than the upper limit, the transparency of the resulting laminated glass can be improved.
- the photochromic body includes a first resin layer, a photochromic layer, and a second resin layer.
- the photochromic body may or may not include layers other than these three layers.
- the first resin layer is preferably a surface layer (first surface layer) of the dimming body.
- the second resin layer is preferably a surface layer (second surface layer) of the dimming body.
- the dimming body preferably has a three-layer structure of the first resin layer, the dimming layer, and the second resin layer.
- the light-adjusting body is preferably a light-adjusting film.
- the dimming body has one end and the other end opposite the one end.
- the one end and the other end are opposite ends of the dimming body.
- the distance between one end and the other end of the above-mentioned dimming element is preferably 0.5 m or more, more preferably 0.8 m or more, and particularly preferably 1.0 m or more, and is preferably 3.0 m or less, more preferably 2.0 m or less, and particularly preferably 1.5 m or less.
- the maximum thickness of the photochromic element is preferably 0.1 mm or more, more preferably 0.25 mm or more, even more preferably 0.5 mm or more, and particularly preferably 0.8 mm or more, and is preferably 3.8 mm or less, more preferably 2.0 mm or less, and even more preferably 1.5 mm or less.
- the method for producing the photochromic body is not particularly limited.
- a method of thermocompression bonding a laminate obtained by laminating the first resin layer, the photochromic layer, and the second resin layer can be mentioned.
- the first resin layer and the second resin layer contain the same polyvinyl acetal resin. In order to improve the manufacturing efficiency of the photochromic body, it is more preferable that the first resin layer and the second resin layer contain the same polyvinyl acetal resin and the same plasticizer.
- the laminated glass according to the present invention includes a first laminated glass member, a second laminated glass member, and the above-mentioned light control body.
- the light control body is disposed between the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic example of a laminated glass using the photochromic element shown in FIG. 1.
- the laminated glass 31 shown in FIG. 2 includes a first laminated glass member 21, a second laminated glass member 22, and a dimming body 11.
- the dimming body 11 is disposed and sandwiched between the first laminated glass member 21 and the second laminated glass member 22.
- a first laminated glass member 21 is laminated on a first surface of the photochromic body 11.
- a second laminated glass member 22 is laminated on a second surface opposite to the first surface of the photochromic body 11.
- the first laminated glass member 21 is laminated on the outer surface of the first resin layer 1.
- the second laminated glass member 22 is laminated on the outer surface of the second resin layer 2.
- the first laminated glass member is preferably a first glass plate.
- the second laminated glass member is preferably a second glass plate.
- the first and second laminated glass members include glass plates and PET (polyethylene terephthalate) films.
- the laminated glass includes not only laminated glass in which a dimming body is sandwiched between two glass plates, but also laminated glass in which a dimming body is sandwiched between a glass plate and a PET film or the like.
- the laminated glass is a laminate including glass plates, and preferably includes at least one glass plate. It is preferable that the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member are each a glass plate or a PET film, and that the laminated glass includes a glass plate as at least one of the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member. It is particularly preferable that both the first and second laminated glass members are glass plates.
- the above glass plates include inorganic glass and organic glass.
- the above inorganic glass includes float plate glass, heat absorbing plate glass, heat reflecting plate glass, polished plate glass, patterned plate glass, lined plate glass, and green glass.
- the above organic glass is a synthetic resin glass that replaces inorganic glass.
- the above organic glass includes polycarbonate plates and poly(meth)acrylic resin plates.
- the above poly(meth)acrylic resin plates include polymethyl(meth)acrylate plates.
- the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member may each be heat absorbing plate glass, heat reflecting plate glass, or green glass. In these cases, heat absorbing plate glass, heat reflecting plate glass, or green glass may be used.
- the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member may each be clear glass.
- the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member may be the same or different.
- each of the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member is preferably 1 mm or more, preferably 5 mm or less, and more preferably 3 mm or less. Furthermore, when the laminated glass member is a glass plate, the thickness of the glass plate is preferably 0.5 mm or more, more preferably 0.7 mm or more, and preferably 5 mm or less, and more preferably 3 mm or less. When the laminated glass member is a PET film, the thickness of the PET film is preferably 0.03 mm or more, and preferably 0.5 mm or less.
- the color coordinate a * , color coordinate b * , color coordinate L * , and chroma C * of the visible light transmission color in the L * a * b * color system for the laminated glass it is preferable to measure the color coordinate a * , color coordinate b * , color coordinate L * , and chroma C * of the visible light reflection color in the L * a * b * color system for the laminated glass.
- These color coordinates and chroma C * are measured in the same manner as described above, except that the laminated glass itself is used as the measurement sample (measurement laminated glass) described above.
- the color coordinate a * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light transmission color of the laminated glass when a voltage is applied is preferably ⁇ 15 or more, more preferably ⁇ 10 or more, even more preferably ⁇ 5 or more, and preferably 15 or less, more preferably 10 or less, and even more preferably 5 or less.
- the laminated glass can be made to have an achromatic color or a color close to an achromatic color when a voltage is applied.
- the color coordinate b * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light transmission color of the laminated glass when a voltage is applied is preferably ⁇ 15 or more, more preferably ⁇ 10 or more, even more preferably ⁇ 5 or more, and preferably 15 or less, more preferably 10 or less, and even more preferably 5 or less.
- the laminated glass can be made to have an achromatic color or a color close to an achromatic color when a voltage is applied.
- the color coordinate L * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light transmission color of the laminated glass when a voltage is applied is preferably at least 5, more preferably at least 8, even more preferably at least 10, and preferably at most 80, more preferably at most 70, even more preferably at most 60, even more preferably at most 50, even more preferably at most 40, particularly preferably at most 30, and most preferably at most 25.
- the laminated glass can be made to have an achromatic color or a color close to an achromatic color when a voltage is applied.
- the chroma C * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light transmission color of the laminated glass when a voltage is applied is preferably more than 0, more preferably at least 1, preferably at most 25, more preferably at most 15, even more preferably at most 10, particularly preferably at most 8, and most preferably at most 5.
- the laminated glass can be made to have an achromatic color or a color close to an achromatic color when a voltage is applied.
- the applied voltage for measuring "the color coordinate a * , color coordinate b * , color coordinate L * and chroma C * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light transmission color of the laminated glass when a voltage is applied" is preferably within a range of 5 V to 100 V.
- the applied voltage is, for example, 30 V.
- the color coordinate a * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light reflection color of the laminated glass when measured from the side of the first laminated glass member is preferably ⁇ 20 or more, more preferably ⁇ 15 or more, even more preferably ⁇ 10 or more, particularly preferably ⁇ 5 or more, most preferably ⁇ 3 or more, preferably 20 or less, more preferably 15 or less, even more preferably 10 or less, particularly preferably 5 or less, and most preferably 3 or less.
- the color coordinate a * is equal to or more than the above lower limit and equal to or less than the above upper limit, the color of the laminated glass can be made good when viewed from the side of the first laminated glass member when no voltage is applied.
- the color coordinate b * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light reflection color of the laminated glass when measured from the side of the first laminated glass member is preferably ⁇ 20 or more, more preferably ⁇ 15 or more, even more preferably ⁇ 10 or more, particularly preferably ⁇ 5 or more, most preferably ⁇ 3 or more, preferably 20 or less, more preferably 15 or less, even more preferably 10 or less, particularly preferably 5 or less, and most preferably 3 or less.
- the color coordinate b * is equal to or more than the above lower limit and equal to or less than the above upper limit, the color of the laminated glass can be made good when viewed from the side of the first laminated glass member when no voltage is applied.
- the visible light reflection color of the laminated glass measured from the side of the first laminated glass member, has a color coordinate L * in the L * a * b * color system of preferably 5 or more, more preferably 10 or more, even more preferably 20 or more, preferably 60 or less, more preferably 50 or less, even more preferably 40 or less, and particularly preferably 30 or less.
- the color coordinate L * is equal to or more than the above lower limit and equal to or less than the above upper limit, the color of the laminated glass can be made good when viewed from the side of the first laminated glass member when no voltage is applied.
- the chroma C * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light reflection color of the laminated glass, measured from the side of the first laminated glass member is preferably more than 0, more preferably at least 0.2, preferably at most 30, more preferably at most 20, even more preferably at most 10, particularly preferably at most 5, and most preferably at most 3.
- the chroma C * is at least the above lower limit (or exceeds the above lower limit) and is at most the above upper limit, the color of the laminated glass can be made good when viewed from the side of the first laminated glass member when no voltage is applied.
- the color coordinate a * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light reflection color of the laminated glass when measured from the side of the second laminated glass member is preferably ⁇ 20 or more, more preferably ⁇ 15 or more, even more preferably ⁇ 10 or more, particularly preferably ⁇ 5 or more, most preferably ⁇ 3 or more, preferably 20 or less, more preferably 15 or less, even more preferably 10 or less, particularly preferably 5 or less, and most preferably 3 or less.
- the color coordinate a * is equal to or more than the above lower limit and equal to or less than the above upper limit, the color of the laminated glass can be made good when viewed from the side of the second laminated glass member when no voltage is applied.
- the color coordinate b * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light reflection color of the laminated glass when measured from the side of the second laminated glass member is preferably ⁇ 20 or more, more preferably ⁇ 15 or more, even more preferably ⁇ 10 or more, particularly preferably ⁇ 5 or more, most preferably ⁇ 3 or more, preferably 20 or less, more preferably 15 or less, even more preferably 10 or less, particularly preferably 5 or less, and most preferably 3 or less.
- the color coordinate b * is equal to or more than the above lower limit and equal to or less than the above upper limit, the color of the laminated glass can be made good when viewed from the side of the second laminated glass member when no voltage is applied.
- the visible light reflection color of the laminated glass measured from the side of the second laminated glass member, has a color coordinate L * in the L * a * b * color system of preferably 5 or more, more preferably 10 or more, even more preferably 20 or more, particularly preferably 30 or more, most preferably 35 or more, and preferably 60 or less, more preferably 50 or less, and even more preferably 40 or less.
- the color coordinate L * is equal to or more than the above lower limit and equal to or less than the above upper limit, the color of the laminated glass can be made good when viewed from the side of the second laminated glass member when no voltage is applied.
- the chroma C * in the L * a * b * color system of the visible light reflection color of the laminated glass, measured from the side of the second laminated glass member is preferably more than 0, more preferably at least 0.5, and preferably at most 30, more preferably at most 20, even more preferably at most 10, and particularly preferably at most 5.
- the chroma C * is at least the above lower limit (or exceeds the above lower limit) and is at most the above upper limit, the color of the laminated glass can be made good when viewed from the side of the second laminated glass member when no voltage is applied.
- the color difference in the L*a*b* color system between the visible light reflection color of the laminated glass when measured from the first laminated glass member side with no voltage applied and the visible light reflection color of the laminated glass when measured from the second laminated glass member side with no voltage applied is preferably more than 0, more preferably 0.5 or more, even more preferably 5 or more , particularly preferably 10 or more, preferably 50 or less, more preferably 40 or less, even more preferably 30 or less, and particularly preferably 20 or less.
- the color difference is at least the above lower limit (or exceeds the above lower limit) and is at most the above upper limit, the color difference between when viewed from the first laminated glass member side and when viewed from the second laminated glass member side with no voltage applied becomes large, thereby improving the design of the laminated glass.
- the method for manufacturing the laminated glass is not particularly limited. First, a photochromic body is sandwiched between the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member to obtain a laminate. Next, the air remaining between the first laminated glass member, the second laminated glass member, and the photochromic body is degassed, for example, by passing the obtained laminate through a pressing roll or by placing it in a rubber bag and sucking it under reduced pressure. After that, the laminate is pre-pressed at about 70°C to 110°C to obtain a pre-pressed laminate. Next, the pre-pressed laminate is placed in an autoclave or pressed to be pressed at about 120°C to 150°C and a pressure of 1 MPa to 1.5 MPa. In this manner, a laminated glass can be obtained.
- the above-mentioned light control element and the above-mentioned laminated glass can be used in automobiles, railway vehicles, aircraft, ships, buildings, etc.
- the above-mentioned light control element and the above-mentioned laminated glass can be used for purposes other than these.
- the above-mentioned light control element and the above-mentioned laminated glass can be used for purposes such as window glass, show windows, partitions, wall glass, etc.
- the above-mentioned partitions may be partition members that separate the seats in an automobile.
- the above-mentioned photochromic body and laminated glass are preferably photochromic body and laminated glass for vehicles or buildings, and more preferably photochromic body and laminated glass for vehicles.
- the above-mentioned light control body and the above-mentioned laminated glass can be used for automobile front glass, side glass, rear glass, roof glass, backlight glass, etc.
- the above-mentioned light control body and the above-mentioned laminated glass are preferably used in automobiles.
- the above-mentioned light control body is preferably used to obtain laminated glass for automobiles.
- the automobile includes an automobile body and laminated glass as an automobile window glass, and the laminated glass is preferably the laminated glass described above.
- the window glass include a front windshield, a side glass, a rear glass, a roof glass, and a backlight glass.
- the first laminated glass member side may be on the inside or outside of the automobile.
- the first resin layer side may be on the inside or outside of the automobile.
- the polyvinyl acetal resin used was acetalized with n-butyl aldehyde, which has four carbon atoms.
- the degree of acetalization (degree of butyralization), degree of acetylation, and hydroxyl content of the polyvinyl acetal resin were measured using a method conforming to JIS K6728 "Testing methods for polyvinyl butyral.” When measured using ASTM D1396-92, the values shown were similar to those obtained using a method conforming to JIS K6728 "Testing methods for polyvinyl butyral.”
- Polyvinyl acetal resin polyvinyl butyral resin, average degree of polymerization 1700, hydroxyl group content 30 mol%, acetylation degree 1 mol%, acetalization degree (butyralization degree) 69 mol%)
- Phthalocyanine pigment P.B.15-1) Perylene pigment (P.R.149) Phthalocyanine pigment (P.G.7) Carbon black (P.Bk.7)
- Tinuvin 326 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-t-butyl-5-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole ("Tinuvin 326" manufactured by BASF)
- a resin composition was prepared using the above materials as follows:
- Preparation of resin composition A for forming resin layer The following components were blended and thoroughly kneaded with a mixing roll to obtain a resin composition A for forming a resin layer.
- Polyvinyl acetal resin 100 parts by weight 3GO: 40 parts by weight
- Phthalocyanine pigment P.B.15-1): amount to be 0.016% by weight in the resulting resin layer
- Phthalocyanine pigment P.G.7: amount to be 0.002% by weight in the resulting resin layer
- Carbon black P.Bk.7): amount to be 0.030% by weight in the resulting resin layer
- Mg mixture amount to be 70 ppm of magnesium in the resulting resin layer
- Tinuvin 326 amount to be 0.2% by weight in the resulting resin layer
- BHT amount to be 0.2% by weight in the resulting resin layer
- Preparation of resin composition B for forming resin layer The following components were blended and thoroughly kneaded with a mixing roll to obtain a resin composition B for forming a resin layer.
- Polyvinyl acetal resin 100 parts by weight 3GO: 40 parts by weight
- Phthalocyanine pigment (P.B.15-1) amount to be 0.018% by weight in the resulting resin layer
- Perylene pigment (P.R.149) amount to be 0.006% by weight in the resulting resin layer
- Phthalocyanine pigment (P.G.7) amount to be 0.010% by weight in the resulting resin layer
- Mg mixture amount to be 70 ppm of magnesium in the resulting resin layer
- Tinuvin 326 amount to be 0.2% by weight in the resulting resin layer
- BHT amount to be 0.2% by weight in the resulting resin layer
- Preparation of resin composition C for forming resin layer The following components were blended and thoroughly kneaded with a mixing roll to obtain a resin composition C for forming a resin layer.
- Polyvinyl acetal resin 100 parts by weight 3GO: 40 parts by weight Phthalocyanine pigment (P.G.7): amount to be 0.048% by weight in the resulting resin layer Mg mixture: amount to be 70 ppm of magnesium in the resulting resin layer Tinuvin 326: amount to be 0.2% by weight in the resulting resin layer BHT: amount to be 0.2% by weight in the resulting resin layer
- Preparation of resin composition D for forming resin layer The following components were blended and thoroughly kneaded with a mixing roll to obtain a resin composition D for forming a resin layer.
- Polyvinyl acetal resin 100 parts by weight 3GO: 40 parts by weight
- Phthalocyanine pigment P.B.15-1): amount to be 0.005% by weight in the resulting resin layer
- Mg mixture amount to be 70 ppm of magnesium in the resulting resin layer
- Tinuvin 326 amount to be 0.2% by weight in the resulting resin layer
- BHT amount to be 0.2% by weight in the resulting resin layer
- Preparation of resin composition E for forming resin layer The following components were blended and thoroughly kneaded with a mixing roll to obtain a resin composition E for forming a resin layer.
- Polyvinyl acetal resin 100 parts by weight 3GO: 40 parts by weight Mg mixture: an amount that results in a magnesium content of 70 ppm in the resulting resin layer
- Tinuvin 326 an amount that results in a magnesium content of 0.2% by weight in the resulting resin layer
- BHT an amount that results in a magnesium content of 0.2% by weight in the resulting resin layer
- Preparation of resin composition F for forming resin layer The following components were blended and thoroughly kneaded with a mixing roll to obtain a resin composition F for forming a resin layer.
- Polyvinyl acetal resin 100 parts by weight 3GO: 40 parts by weight Carbon black (P.Bk.7): an amount that results in 0.031% by weight in the resulting resin layer
- Mg mixture an amount that results in 70 ppm of magnesium in the resulting resin layer
- Tinuvin 326 an amount that results in 0.2% by weight in the resulting resin layer
- BHT an amount that results in 0.2% by weight in the resulting resin layer
- Preparation of resin composition G for forming resin layer The following components were blended and thoroughly kneaded with a mixing roll to obtain a resin composition G for forming a resin layer.
- Polyvinyl acetal resin 100 parts by weight 3GO: 40 parts by weight Perylene pigment (P.R.149): an amount that results in 0.016% by weight in the resulting resin layer
- Mg mixture an amount that results in 70 ppm of magnesium in the resulting resin layer
- Tinuvin 326 an amount that results in 0.2% by weight in the resulting resin layer
- BHT an amount that results in 0.2% by weight in the resulting resin layer
- Preparation of resin composition H for forming resin layer The following components were blended and thoroughly kneaded with a mixing roll to obtain a resin composition H for forming a resin layer.
- Polyvinyl acetal resin 100 parts by weight 3GO: 40 parts by weight
- Phthalocyanine pigment (P.B.15-1) amount to be 0.0165% by weight in the resulting resin layer
- Perylene pigment (P.R.149) amount to be 0.023% by weight in the resulting resin layer
- Phthalocyanine pigment (P.G.7) amount to be 0.0016% by weight in the resulting resin layer
- Mg mixture amount to be 70 ppm of magnesium in the resulting resin layer
- Tinuvin 326 amount to be 0.2% by weight in the resulting resin layer
- BHT amount to be 0.2% by weight in the resulting resin layer
- Preparation of resin composition I for forming resin layer The following components were blended and thoroughly kneaded with a mixing roll to obtain a resin composition I for forming a resin layer.
- Polyvinyl acetal resin 100 parts by weight 3GO: 40 parts by weight
- Phthalocyanine pigment P.B.15-1): amount to be 0.0143% by weight in the resulting resin layer
- Perylene pigment (P.R.149) amount to be 0.0068% by weight in the resulting resin layer
- Carbon black (P.Bk.7) amount to be 0.0063% by weight in the resulting resin layer
- Mg mixture amount to be 70 ppm of magnesium in the resulting resin layer
- Tinuvin 326 amount to be 0.2% by weight in the resulting resin layer
- BHT amount to be 0.2% by weight in the resulting resin layer
- Preparation of resin composition J for forming resin layer The following components were blended and thoroughly kneaded with a mixing roll to obtain a resin composition J for forming a resin layer.
- Polyvinyl acetal resin 100 parts by weight 3GO: 40 parts by weight Carbon black (P.Bk.7): an amount that results in 0.0162% by weight in the resulting resin layer
- Mg mixture an amount that results in 70 ppm of magnesium in the resulting resin layer
- Tinuvin 326 an amount that results in 0.2% by weight in the resulting resin layer
- BHT an amount that results in 0.2% by weight in the resulting resin layer
- Example 1 Fabrication of photochromic body Resin composition A was extruded by an extruder to obtain a first resin layer. Resin composition F was extruded by an extruder to obtain a second resin layer. The first resin layer, the photochromic layer P, and the second resin layer were laminated in this order to produce a photochromic body having a three-layer structure (first resin layer (thickness 380 ⁇ m)/photochromic layer P/second resin layer (thickness 380 ⁇ m)).
- Preparation of laminated glass The obtained light control body was sandwiched between two sheets of clear glass A (300 mm long x 300 mm wide) to obtain a laminate.
- the obtained laminate was placed in a rubber bag and degassed at a vacuum of 2.6 kPa for 20 minutes, and then transferred to an oven in the degassed state and held at 90°C for 30 minutes to perform vacuum pressing to pre-press the laminate.
- the pre-pressed laminate was pressed for 20 minutes in an autoclave under conditions of 135°C and a pressure of 1.2 MPa to obtain a laminated glass.
- Examples 2 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 The resin composition for forming the first and second resin layers and the type of the light control layer were changed as shown in the table below.
- the thickness of the first and second resin layers was also changed as shown in the table below.
- a light control body and a laminated glass were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the above.
- Tv Visible light transmittance
- the visible light spectrum of the first resin layer and the second resin layer was measured at wavelengths of 380 nm to 780 nm. From the obtained visible light spectrum, the dominant visible wavelength of the first resin layer and the second resin layer was determined. In the table, the dominant visible wavelength "-" means that the resin layer does not have a dominant visible wavelength.
- the ratio of the peak height of the dominant visible wavelength of the second resin layer to the peak height of the dominant visible wavelength of the first resin layer was calculated.
- composition and results of the photochromic element and laminated glass are shown in Tables 1 to 9 below.
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Abstract
Description
B:前記第2の樹脂層の可視光線透過色と電圧非印加時における前記調光層の可視光線透過色とのL*a*b*表色系における色差
本発明に係る調光体は、第1の樹脂層と、調光層と、第2の樹脂層とをこの順に備える。本発明に係る調光体では、上記第1の樹脂層と、上記調光層と、上記第2の樹脂層とが、調光体の厚み方向にて、この順に配置されている。本発明に係る調光体では、上記調光層が、上記第1の樹脂層と上記第2の樹脂層との間に配置されている。本発明に係る調光体では、上記第1の樹脂層の色と上記第2の樹脂層の色とが異なる。
測定対象物(上記第1の樹脂層、上記調光層、上記第2の樹脂層又は上記調光体)を用意する。測定対象物が上記第1の樹脂層、上記調光層又は上記第2の樹脂層である場合には、上記調光体から上記第1の樹脂層、上記調光層及び上記第2の樹脂層を剥離して、上記第1の樹脂層、上記調光層及び上記第2の樹脂層を用意してもよい。用意した測定対象物を、JIS R3202:1996に準拠した厚み2.5mmのクリアガラス2枚の間に挟み、積層体を得る。得られた積層体をゴムバック内に入れ、2.6kPaの真空度で20分間脱気した後、脱気したままオーブン内に移し、更に90℃で30分間保持して真空プレスし、積層体を予備圧着する。オートクレーブ中で135℃及び圧力1.2MPaの条件で、予備圧着された積層体を20分間圧着し、測定サンプル(測定用合わせガラス)を得る。
測定サンプル(測定用合わせガラス)の可視光線透過色のL*a*b*表色系における色座標a*、色座標b*、色座標L*及び彩度C*を、JIS Z8781に準拠して、CIE標準イルミナントD65、及び10°視野等色関数を用いて測定する。具体的には、以下のようにして測定する。測定サンプル(測定用合わせガラス)の分光スペクトルを、JIS R3212:2021に準拠して、分光光度計を用いて測定する。得られた測定サンプルの可視光線透過色の色座標a*、色座標b*、色座標L*及び彩度C*を、測定対象物の可視光線透過色の色座標a*、色座標b*、色座標L*及び彩度C*とする。言い換えると、得られた測定サンプルの可視光線透過色の色座標a*、色座標b*、色座標L*及び彩度C*を、それぞれ、測定対象物である、上記第1の樹脂層、上記調光層、上記第2の樹脂層又は上記調光体の可視光線透過色の色座標a*、色座標b*、色座標L*及び彩度C*とする。
測定サンプル(測定用合わせガラス)の可視光線反射色のL*a*b*表色系における色座標a*、色座標b*、色座標L*及び彩度C*を、JIS Z8781に準拠して、CIE標準イルミナントD65、及び10°視野等色関数を用いて測定する。具体的には、以下のようにして測定する。測定サンプル(測定用合わせガラス)の分光スペクトルを、JIS R3212:2021に準拠して、分光光度計を用いて測定する。得られた測定サンプルの可視光線反射色の色座標a*、色座標b*、色座標L*及び彩度C*を、測定対象物の可視光線反射色の色座標a*、色座標b*、色座標L*及び彩度C*とする。言い換えると、得られた測定サンプルの可視光線反射色の色座標a*、色座標b*、色座標L*及び彩度C*を、それぞれ、測定対象物である、上記第1の樹脂層、上記調光層、上記第2の樹脂層又は上記調光体の可視光線反射色の色座標a*、色座標b*、色座標L*及び彩度C*とする。
上記第1の樹脂層の可視光線透過色のL*a*b*表色系における色座標a*は、好ましくは-50以上、より好ましくは-40以上、より一層好ましくは-30以上、更に好ましくは-20以上、更に一層好ましくは-10以上、特に好ましくは-5以上、最も好ましくは-2以上、好ましくは20以下、より好ましくは10以下、更に好ましくは5以下、特に好ましくは3以下である。上記色座標a*が上記下限以上及び上記上限以下であると、電圧非印加時における第1の樹脂層側から視たときに、調光体の色を良好にすることができる。
B:上記第2の樹脂層の可視光線透過色と電圧非印加時における上記調光層の可視光線透過色とのL*a*b*表色系における色差
a2:上記第2の樹脂層の可視光線透過色のL*a*b*表色系における色座標a*
b1:上記第1の樹脂層の可視光線透過色のL*a*b*表色系における色座標b*
b2:上記第2の樹脂層の可視光線透過色のL*a*b*表色系における色座標b*
上記第1の樹脂層の可視光線反射色のL*a*b*表色系における色座標a*は、好ましくは-20以上、より好ましくは-15以上、更に好ましくは-10以上、特に好ましくは-5以上、最も好ましくは-3以上、好ましくは20以下、より好ましくは15以下、更に好ましくは10以下、特に好ましくは5以下、最も好ましくは3以下である。上記色座標a*が上記下限以上及び上記上限以下であると、電圧非印加時における第1の樹脂層側から視たときに、調光体の色を良好にすることができる。
上記第1の樹脂層の可視光線透過率は、好ましくは0%を超え、より好ましくは2%以上、更に好ましくは4%以上、好ましくは100%未満、好ましくは95%以下、より好ましくは85%以下、より一層好ましくは75%以下、より一層好ましくは65%以下、より一層好ましくは55%以下、更に好ましくは45%以下、更に一層好ましくは35%以下、特に好ましくは25%以下、最も好ましくは15%以下である。
上記調光層は、調光性を有する層である。上記調光性とは、エネルギーの付与により、光学特性が変化する性質である。上記エネルギーとしては、光エネルギー、電気エネルギー、及び熱エネルギー等が挙げられる。上記調光層は、電圧の印加の有無により可視光線透過率が変化し、入射光量を調整することができる層であることが好ましい。上記調光層の材料は、特に限定されず、調光性を有していれば、どのような材料であってもよい。
PDLC方式である上記調光層は、バインダーと、上記バインダー中に分散している液晶材料とを含むことが好ましい。PDLC方式である上記調光層では、上記液晶材料がマイクロカプセルの内包物であってもよい。すなわち、PDLC方式である上記調光層の方式は、マイクロカプセル型液晶方式(PDMLC)であってもよい。
SPD方式である上記調光層は、樹脂マトリックスと、上記樹脂マトリックス中に分散している光調整懸濁液とを含むことが好ましい。
エレクトロクロミック方式である上記調光層は、エレクトロクロミック物質を含むことが好ましい。
上記調光層の平均厚みは、好ましくは0.1μm以上、より好ましくは0.3μm以上、好ましくは1.0μm以下、より好ましくは0.6μm以下である。上記調光層の平均厚みが上記下限以上及び上記上限以下であると、調光層による調光作用が明瞭となる。
上記調光体では、上記第1の樹脂層の色と上記第2の樹脂層の色とが異なる。「上記第1の樹脂層の色と上記第2の樹脂層の色とが異なる」とは、下記構成(A)又は下記構成(B)を満たすことを意味する。なお、下記構成(A)と下記構成(B)との双方を満たしてもよい。
上記第1の樹脂層は、樹脂を含む。上記第1の樹脂層は、熱可塑性樹脂(以下、熱可塑性樹脂(1)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。上記第1の樹脂層は、熱可塑性樹脂(1)として、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(以下、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(1)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。上記第2の樹脂層は、樹脂を含む。上記第2の樹脂層は、熱可塑性樹脂(以下、熱可塑性樹脂(2)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。上記第2の樹脂層は、熱可塑性樹脂(2)として、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(以下、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(2)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。上記熱可塑性樹脂(1)と上記熱可塑性樹脂(2)とは、同一であってもよく、異なっていてもよい。上記ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(1)と上記ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(2)とは、同一であってもよく、異なっていてもよい。上記熱可塑性樹脂(1)及び上記熱可塑性樹脂(2)はそれぞれ、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。上記ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(1)及び上記ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(2)はそれぞれ、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
調光体の接着力をより一層高める観点からは、上記第1の樹脂層は、可塑剤(以下、可塑剤(1)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。調光体の接着力をより一層高める観点からは、上記第2の樹脂層は、可塑剤(以下、可塑剤(2)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。ポリビニルアセタール樹脂を含む層は、可塑剤を含むことが好ましい。
上記第1の樹脂層は、着色剤を含んでいてもよく、含んでいなくてもよい。上記第2の樹脂層は、着色剤を含んでいてもよく、含んでいなくてもよい。上記第1の樹脂層は、着色剤を含むことが好ましい。上記第2の樹脂層は、着色剤を含むことが好ましい。上記着色剤の使用により、調光体を所望の色調に良好に着色することができる。上記着色剤は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。上記第1の樹脂層は、着色剤を、1種のみ含んでいてもよく、2種以上含んでいてもよく、3種以上含んでいてもよく、10種以下含んでいてもよく、5種以下含んでいてもよい。上記第2の樹脂層は、着色剤を、1種のみ含んでいてもよく、2種以上含んでいてもよく、3種以上含んでいてもよく、10種以下含んでいてもよく、5種以下含んでいてもよい。
上記着色剤は、顔料を含んでいてもよく、顔料であってもよい。上記第1の樹脂層は、顔料を含んでいてもよく、含んでいなくてもよい。上記第2の樹脂層は、顔料を含んでいてもよく、含んでいなくてもよい。上記第1の樹脂層は、顔料を含むことが好ましい。上記第2の樹脂層は、顔料を含むことが好ましい。上記顔料は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。上記第1の樹脂層は、顔料を、1種のみ含んでいてもよく、2種以上含んでいてもよく、3種以上含んでいてもよく、10種以下含んでいてもよく、5種以下含んでいてもよい。上記第2の樹脂層は、顔料を、1種のみ含んでいてもよく、2種以上含んでいてもよく、3種以上含んでいてもよく、10種以下含んでいてもよく、5種以下含んでいてもよい。
上記着色剤は、染料を含んでいてもよく、染料であってもよい。上記第1の樹脂層は、染料を含んでいてもよく、含んでいなくてもよい。上記第2の樹脂層は、染料を含んでいてもよく、含んでいなくてもよい。上記第1の樹脂層は、染料を含むことが好ましい。上記第2の樹脂層は、染料を含むことが好ましい。上記染料は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。上記第1の樹脂層は、染料を、1種のみ含んでいてもよく、2種以上含んでいてもよく、3種以上含んでいてもよく、10種以下含んでいてもよく、5種以下含んでいてもよい。上記第2の樹脂層は、染料を、1種のみ含んでいてもよく、2種以上含んでいてもよく、3種以上含んでいてもよく、10種以下含んでいてもよく、5種以下含んでいてもよい。
上記第1の樹脂層又は上記第2の樹脂層は、アルカリ金属塩及びアルカリ土類金属塩の内の少なくとも1種の金属塩(以下、金属塩Mと記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。上記第1の樹脂層は、上記金属塩Mを含むことが好ましい。上記第2の樹脂層は、上記金属塩Mを含むことが好ましい。なお、アルカリ土類金属とは、Be、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、及びRaの6種の金属を意味する。上記金属塩Mの使用により、調光体と合わせガラス部材との接着性又は調光体における各層間の接着性を制御することが容易になる。上記金属塩Mは、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記第1の樹脂層又は上記第2の樹脂層は、紫外線遮蔽剤を含むことが好ましい。上記第1の樹脂層は、紫外線遮蔽剤を含むことが好ましい。上記第2の樹脂層は、紫外線遮蔽剤を含むことが好ましい。紫外線遮蔽剤の使用により、調光体及び合わせガラスが長期間使用されても、可視光線透過率がより一層低下し難くなる。上記紫外線遮蔽剤は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記第1の樹脂層又は上記第2の樹脂層は、酸化防止剤を含むことが好ましい。上記第1の樹脂層は、酸化防止剤を含むことが好ましい。上記第2の樹脂層は、酸化防止剤を含むことが好ましい。上記酸化防止剤は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記第1の樹脂層及び上記第2の樹脂層はそれぞれ、必要に応じて、遮熱粒子、光安定剤、カップリング剤、分散剤、界面活性剤、難燃剤、帯電防止剤、金属塩以外の接着力調整剤、耐湿剤、蛍光増白剤及び赤外線吸収剤等の添加剤を含んでいてもよい。これらの添加剤は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記第1の樹脂層の平均厚みと上記第2の樹脂層の平均厚みは、同一であってもよく、異なっていてもよい。上記第1の樹脂層の平均厚みは、上記第2の樹脂層の平均厚みよりも大きくてもよく、小さくてもよい。
上記調光体は、第1の樹脂層と調光層と第2の樹脂層とを備える。上記調光体は、これら3つの層以外の他の層を備えていてもよく、備えていなくてもよい。上記調光体では、第1の樹脂層と調光層とが接触していることが好ましく、第2の樹脂層と調光層とが接触していることが好ましい。
本発明に係る合わせガラスは、第1の合わせガラス部材と、第2の合わせガラス部材と、上述した調光体とを備える。本発明に係る合わせガラスでは、上記第1の合わせガラス部材と上記第2の合わせガラス部材との間に、上記調光体が配置されている。
電圧印加時における上記合わせガラスの可視光線透過色のL*a*b*表色系における色座標a*は、好ましくは-15以上、より好ましくは-10以上、更に好ましくは-5以上、好ましくは15以下、より好ましく10以下、更に好ましくは5以下である。上記色座標a*が上記下限以上及び上記上限以下であると、電圧印加時において、合わせガラスを無彩色又は無彩色に近い色とすることができる。
電圧非印加時において、上記第1の合わせガラス部材側から測定したときの上記合わせガラスの可視光線反射色のL*a*b*表色系における色座標a*は、好ましくは-20以上、より好ましくは-15以上、更に好ましくは-10以上、特に好ましくは-5以上、最も好ましくは-3以上、好ましくは20以下、より好ましくは15以下、更に好ましくは10以下、特に好ましくは5以下、最も好ましくは3以下である。上記色座標a*が上記下限以上及び上記上限以下であると、電圧非印加時における第1の合わせガラス部材側から視たときに、合わせガラスの色を良好にすることができる。
PDLC方式である調光層P
エレクトロクロミック方式である調光層E
ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(ポリビニルブチラール樹脂、平均重合度1700、水酸基の含有率30モル%、アセチル化度1モル%、アセタール化度(ブチラール化度)69モル%)
3GO:トリエチレングリコールジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート
フタロシアニン系顔料(P.B.15-1)
ペリレン系顔料(P.R.149)
フタロシアニン系顔料(P.G.7)
カーボンブラック(P.Bk.7)
Mg混合物(2-エチル酪酸マグネシウムと酢酸マグネシウムとの50:50(重量比)混合物)
Tinuvin326:2-(2’-ヒドロキシ-3’-t-ブチル-5-メチルフェニル)-5-クロロベンゾトリアゾール(BASF社製「Tinuvin326」)
BHT:2,6-ジ-t-ブチル-p-クレゾール
以下の成分を配合し、ミキシングロールで充分に混練し、樹脂層を形成するための樹脂組成物Aを得た。
3GO:40重量部
フタロシアニン系顔料(P.B.15-1):得られる樹脂層中で0.016重量%となる量
ペリレン系顔料(P.R.149):得られる樹脂層中で0.002重量%となる量
フタロシアニン系顔料(P.G.7):得られる樹脂層中で0.002重量%となる量
カーボンブラック(P.Bk.7):得られる樹脂層中で0.030重量%となる量
Mg混合物:得られる樹脂層中でマグネシウム量が70ppmとなる量
Tinuvin326:得られる樹脂層中で0.2重量%となる量
BHT:得られる樹脂層中で0.2重量%となる量
以下の成分を配合し、ミキシングロールで充分に混練し、樹脂層を形成するための樹脂組成物Bを得た。
3GO:40重量部
フタロシアニン系顔料(P.B.15-1):得られる樹脂層中で0.018重量%となる量
ペリレン系顔料(P.R.149):得られる樹脂層中で0.006重量%となる量
フタロシアニン系顔料(P.G.7):得られる樹脂層中で0.010重量%となる量
カーボンブラック(P.Bk.7):得られる樹脂層中で0.028重量%となる量
Mg混合物:得られる樹脂層中でマグネシウム量が70ppmとなる量
Tinuvin326:得られる樹脂層中で0.2重量%となる量
BHT:得られる樹脂層中で0.2重量%となる量
以下の成分を配合し、ミキシングロールで充分に混練し、樹脂層を形成するための樹脂組成物Cを得た。
3GO:40重量部
フタロシアニン系顔料(P.G.7):得られる樹脂層中で0.048重量%となる量
Mg混合物:得られる樹脂層中でマグネシウム量が70ppmとなる量
Tinuvin326:得られる樹脂層中で0.2重量%となる量
BHT:得られる樹脂層中で0.2重量%となる量
以下の成分を配合し、ミキシングロールで充分に混練し、樹脂層を形成するための樹脂組成物Dを得た。
3GO:40重量部
フタロシアニン系顔料(P.B.15-1):得られる樹脂層中で0.005重量%となる量
ペリレン系顔料(P.R.149):得られる樹脂層中で0.004重量%となる量
カーボンブラック(P.Bk.7):得られる樹脂層中で0.011重量%となる量
Mg混合物:得られる樹脂層中でマグネシウム量が70ppmとなる量
Tinuvin326:得られる樹脂層中で0.2重量%となる量
BHT:得られる樹脂層中で0.2重量%となる量
以下の成分を配合し、ミキシングロールで充分に混練し、樹脂層を形成するための樹脂組成物Eを得た。
3GO:40重量部
Mg混合物:得られる樹脂層中でマグネシウム量が70ppmとなる量
Tinuvin326:得られる樹脂層中で0.2重量%となる量
BHT:得られる樹脂層中で0.2重量%となる量
以下の成分を配合し、ミキシングロールで充分に混練し、樹脂層を形成するための樹脂組成物Fを得た。
3GO:40重量部
カーボンブラック(P.Bk.7):得られる樹脂層中で0.031重量%となる量
Mg混合物:得られる樹脂層中でマグネシウム量が70ppmとなる量
Tinuvin326:得られる樹脂層中で0.2重量%となる量
BHT:得られる樹脂層中で0.2重量%となる量
以下の成分を配合し、ミキシングロールで充分に混練し、樹脂層を形成するための樹脂組成物Gを得た。
3GO:40重量部
ペリレン系顔料(P.R.149):得られる樹脂層中で0.016重量%となる量
Mg混合物:得られる樹脂層中でマグネシウム量が70ppmとなる量
Tinuvin326:得られる樹脂層中で0.2重量%となる量
BHT:得られる樹脂層中で0.2重量%となる量
以下の成分を配合し、ミキシングロールで充分に混練し、樹脂層を形成するための樹脂組成物Hを得た。
3GO:40重量部
フタロシアニン系顔料(P.B.15-1):得られる樹脂層中で0.0165重量%となる量
ペリレン系顔料(P.R.149):得られる樹脂層中で0.023重量%となる量
フタロシアニン系顔料(P.G.7):得られる樹脂層中で0.0016重量%となる量
カーボンブラック(P.Bk.7):得られる樹脂層中で0.0309重量%となる量
Mg混合物:得られる樹脂層中でマグネシウム量が70ppmとなる量
Tinuvin326:得られる樹脂層中で0.2重量%となる量
BHT:得られる樹脂層中で0.2重量%となる量
以下の成分を配合し、ミキシングロールで充分に混練し、樹脂層を形成するための樹脂組成物Iを得た。
3GO:40重量部
フタロシアニン系顔料(P.B.15-1):得られる樹脂層中で0.0143重量%となる量
ペリレン系顔料(P.R.149):得られる樹脂層中で0.0068重量%となる量
カーボンブラック(P.Bk.7):得られる樹脂層中で0.0063重量%となる量
Mg混合物:得られる樹脂層中でマグネシウム量が70ppmとなる量
Tinuvin326:得られる樹脂層中で0.2重量%となる量
BHT:得られる樹脂層中で0.2重量%となる量
以下の成分を配合し、ミキシングロールで充分に混練し、樹脂層を形成するための樹脂組成物Jを得た。
3GO:40重量部
カーボンブラック(P.Bk.7):得られる樹脂層中で0.0162重量%となる量
Mg混合物:得られる樹脂層中でマグネシウム量が70ppmとなる量
Tinuvin326:得られる樹脂層中で0.2重量%となる量
BHT:得られる樹脂層中で0.2重量%となる量
調光体の作製:
樹脂組成物Aを押出機により押出して第1の樹脂層を得た。また、樹脂組成物Fを押出機により押出して第2の樹脂層を得た。第1の樹脂層と調光層Pと第2の樹脂層とをこの順に積層して、3層の構造(第1の樹脂層(厚み380μm)/調光層P/第2の樹脂層(厚み380μm))を有する調光体を作製した。
得られた調光体を、クリアガラスA(縦300mm×横300mm)2枚の間に挟み、積層体を得た。得られた積層体をゴムバック内に入れ、2.6kPaの真空度で20分間脱気した後、脱気したままオーブン内に移し、更に90℃で30分間保持して真空プレスし、積層体を予備圧着した。オートクレーブ中で135℃及び圧力1.2MPaの条件で、予備圧着された積層体を20分間圧着し、合わせガラスを得た。
第1,第2の樹脂層を形成するための樹脂組成物及び調光層の種類を下記の表に記載のように変更した。また、第1,第2の樹脂層の厚みを下記の表に記載のように変更した。これら以外は、実施例1と同様にして、調光体及び合わせガラスを作製した。
(1)第1,第2の樹脂層、調光層及び調光体の色座標
上述した方法に従って、以下の色座標を測定した。
2)第1の樹脂層の可視光線反射色のL*a*b*表色系における色座標L*、色座標a*及び色座標b*
3)電圧非印加時における調光層の可視光線透過色のL*a*b*表色系における色座標L*、色座標a*及び色座標b*
4)電圧非印加時における調光層の可視光線反射色のL*a*b*表色系における色座標L*、色座標a*及び色座標b*
5)第2の樹脂層の可視光線透過色のL*a*b*表色系における色座標L*、色座標a*、色座標b*及び彩度C*
6)第2の樹脂層の可視光線反射色のL*a*b*表色系における色座標L*、色座標a*及び色座標b*
7)電圧非印加時において、第1の樹脂層側から測定したときの調光体の可視光線反射色のL*a*b*表色系における色座標L*、色座標a*、色座標b*及び彩度C*
8)電圧非印加時において、第2の樹脂層側から測定したときの調光体の可視光線反射色のL*a*b*表色系における色座標L*、色座標a*、色座標b*及び彩度C*
9)電圧印加時(30Vの電圧印加時)における調光体の可視光線透過色のL*a*b*表色系における色座標L*、色座標a*、色座標b*及び彩度C*
2)第1の樹脂層の可視光線反射色と第2の樹脂層の可視光線反射色とのL*a*b*表色系における色差
3)第1の樹脂層の可視光線透過色と電圧非印加時における調光層の可視光線透過色とのL*a*b*表色系における色差
4)第2の樹脂層の可視光線透過色と電圧非印加時における調光層の可視光線透過色とのL*a*b*表色系における色差
5)上述した式(X)により求められる値X
6)上述した式(Y)により求められる値Y
7)電圧非印加時における上記第1の樹脂層側から測定したときの上記調光体の可視光線反射色と、電圧非印加時における上記第2の樹脂層側から測定したときの上記調光体の可視光線反射色とのL*a*b*表色系における色差
上述した方法に従って、以下の可視光線透過率を測定した。
2)第2の樹脂層の可視光線透過率
3)電圧印加時(30Vの電圧印加時)における調光体の可視光線透過率
上述した方法に従って、第1の樹脂層及び第2の樹脂層の波長380nm~780nmにおける可視光線スペクトルを測定した。得られた可視光線スペクトルより、第1の樹脂層及び第2の樹脂層の可視光線主波長をそれぞれ求めた。なお、表中、可視光線主波長が「-」であるとは、その樹脂層が可視光線主波長を有さないことを意味する。
2…第2の樹脂層
3…調光層
3a…第1の表面
3b…第2の表面
11…調光体
21…第1の合わせガラス部材
22…第2の合わせガラス部材
31…合わせガラス
Claims (25)
- 第1の樹脂層と、調光層と、第2の樹脂層とをこの順に備え、
前記第1の樹脂層の色と前記第2の樹脂層の色とが異なる、調光体。 - 前記第1の樹脂層の可視光線透過色と前記第2の樹脂層の可視光線透過色とのL*a*b*表色系における色差が0を超え100未満である、請求項1に記載の調光体。
- 下記式(X)により求められる値Xの絶対値が5以上100以下である、請求項1又は2に記載の調光体。
値X=A-B ・・・(X)
A:前記第1の樹脂層の可視光線透過色と電圧非印加時における前記調光層の可視光線透過色とのL*a*b*表色系における色差
B:前記第2の樹脂層の可視光線透過色と電圧非印加時における前記調光層の可視光線透過色とのL*a*b*表色系における色差 - 前記第1の樹脂層の可視光線透過色のL*a*b*表色系における彩度C*が50以下であり、
前記第2の樹脂層の可視光線透過色のL*a*b*表色系における彩度C*が70以下であり、
前記第2の樹脂層の可視光線透過率が100%未満である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の調光体。 - 前記第1の樹脂層の波長380nm~780nmにおける可視光線スペクトルを得たときに、前記第1の樹脂層の可視光線主波長が波長580nm以上780nm未満に存在する、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の調光体。
- 前記第2の樹脂層の波長380nm~780nmにおける可視光線スペクトルを得たときに、前記第2の樹脂層の可視光線主波長が波長380nm以上650nm未満に存在する、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の調光体。
- 前記第1の樹脂層の波長380nm~780nmにおける可視光線スペクトル及び前記第2の樹脂層の波長380nm~780nmにおける可視光線スペクトルをそれぞれ得たときに、前記第2の樹脂層の可視光線主波長のピーク高さの、前記第1の樹脂層の可視光線主波長のピーク高さに対する比が0を超え5以下である、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の調光体。
- 前記第1の樹脂層が、熱可塑性樹脂と、着色剤とを含み、
前記第2の樹脂層が、熱可塑性樹脂と、着色剤とを含む、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の調光体。 - 前記第1の樹脂層の平均厚みが50μm以上1000μm以下であり、
前記第2の樹脂層の平均厚みが50μm以上1000μm以下である、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の調光体。 - 電圧非印加時において、前記第1の樹脂層側から測定したときの調光体の可視光線反射色のL*a*b*表色系における色座標a*が-20以上20以下である、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の調光体。
- 電圧非印加時において、前記第2の樹脂層側から測定したときの調光体の可視光線反射色のL*a*b*表色系における色座標a*が-20以上20以下である、請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の調光体。
- 電圧印加時における調光体の可視光線透過色のL*a*b*表色系における色座標a*が-20以上20以下である、請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の調光体。
- 前記第1の樹脂層と前記第2の樹脂層とが、補色関係にある組み合わせである、請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の調光体。
- 前記第1の樹脂層の可視光線透過色のL*a*b*表色系における色座標a*と、前記第2の樹脂層の可視光線透過色のL*a*b*表色系における色座標a*との積が、負の値である、請求項1~13のいずれか1項に記載の調光体。
- 前記第1の樹脂層の可視光線透過色のL*a*b*表色系における色座標a*と、前記第2の樹脂層の可視光線透過色のL*a*b*表色系における色座標a*との和が、15以下である、請求項1~14のいずれか1項に記載の調光体。
- 前記第1の樹脂層の可視光線透過色のL*a*b*表色系における色座標b*と、前記第2の樹脂層の可視光線透過色のL*a*b*表色系における色座標b*との積が、負の値である、請求項1~15のいずれか1項に記載の調光体。
- 前記第1の樹脂層の可視光線透過色のL*a*b*表色系における色座標b*と、前記第2の樹脂層の可視光線透過色のL*a*b*表色系における色座標b*との和が、15以下である、請求項1~16のいずれか1項に記載の調光体。
- 前記第1の樹脂層の可視光線反射色のL*a*b*表色系における色座標a*と、前記第2の樹脂層の可視光線反射色のL*a*b*表色系における色座標a*との積が、負の値である、請求項1~17のいずれか1項に記載の調光体。
- 前記第1の樹脂層の可視光線反射色のL*a*b*表色系における色座標a*と、前記第2の樹脂層の可視光線反射色のL*a*b*表色系における色座標a*との和が、10以下である、請求項1~18のいずれか1項に記載の調光体。
- 前記第1の樹脂層の可視光線反射色のL*a*b*表色系における色座標b*と、前記第2の樹脂層の可視光線反射色のL*a*b*表色系における色座標b*との和が、10以下である、請求項1~19のいずれか1項に記載の調光体。
- 第1の合わせガラス部材と、
第2の合わせガラス部材と、
請求項1~20のいずれか1項に記載の調光体とを備え、
前記第1の合わせガラス部材と前記第2の合わせガラス部材との間に、前記調光体が配置されている、合わせガラス。 - 電圧非印加時において、前記第1の合わせガラス部材側から測定したときの合わせガラスの可視光線反射色のL*a*b*表色系における色座標a*が-20以上20以下である、請求項21に記載の合わせガラス。
- 電圧非印加時において、前記第2の合わせガラス部材側から測定したときの合わせガラスの可視光線反射色のL*a*b*表色系における色座標a*が-20以上20以下である、請求項21又は22に記載の合わせガラス。
- 電圧印加時における合わせガラスの可視光線透過色のL*a*b*表色系における色座標a*が-20以上20以下である、請求項21~23のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス。
- 自動車本体と、
自動車の窓ガラスとして合わせガラスとを備え、
前記合わせガラスが、請求項21~24のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラスである、自動車。
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| PCT/JP2023/035428 Ceased WO2024071307A1 (ja) | 2022-09-28 | 2023-09-28 | 調光体、合わせガラス及び自動車 |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4596510A1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JPWO2024071307A1 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR20250075536A (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN119301082A (ja) |
| MX (1) | MX2025000877A (ja) |
| TW (1) | TW202429178A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2024071307A1 (ja) |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH06199546A (ja) * | 1992-11-12 | 1994-07-19 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | フォトクロミック合わせガラス及びフォトクロミック複層材料 |
| WO2004035665A1 (ja) * | 2002-10-17 | 2004-04-29 | Bridgestone Corporation | フィルム及びその粘着剤 |
| WO2012043797A1 (ja) * | 2010-09-30 | 2012-04-05 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | エレクトロクロミック調光素子、調光シート、合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラス |
| JP2013254079A (ja) | 2012-06-06 | 2013-12-19 | Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd | 調光装置及びその製造方法 |
| WO2019166209A1 (de) * | 2018-02-28 | 2019-09-06 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Verbundscheibe mit funktionselement mit elektrisch steuerbaren optischen eigenschaften |
| JP2021535882A (ja) * | 2018-09-07 | 2021-12-23 | ギーゼッケプルスデフリエント カーレンシー テクノロジー ゲーエムベーハーGiesecke+Devrient Currency Technology Gmbh | 視角に応じて色が変わる中間膜を有する複合ガラス |
| WO2022153998A1 (ja) * | 2021-01-13 | 2022-07-21 | Agc株式会社 | 合わせガラス |
-
2023
- 2023-09-28 CN CN202380042008.1A patent/CN119301082A/zh active Pending
- 2023-09-28 KR KR1020247038392A patent/KR20250075536A/ko active Pending
- 2023-09-28 JP JP2023560886A patent/JPWO2024071307A1/ja active Pending
- 2023-09-28 TW TW112137515A patent/TW202429178A/zh unknown
- 2023-09-28 EP EP23872529.5A patent/EP4596510A1/en active Pending
- 2023-09-28 WO PCT/JP2023/035428 patent/WO2024071307A1/ja not_active Ceased
-
2025
- 2025-01-22 MX MX2025000877A patent/MX2025000877A/es unknown
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH06199546A (ja) * | 1992-11-12 | 1994-07-19 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | フォトクロミック合わせガラス及びフォトクロミック複層材料 |
| WO2004035665A1 (ja) * | 2002-10-17 | 2004-04-29 | Bridgestone Corporation | フィルム及びその粘着剤 |
| WO2012043797A1 (ja) * | 2010-09-30 | 2012-04-05 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | エレクトロクロミック調光素子、調光シート、合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラス |
| JP2013254079A (ja) | 2012-06-06 | 2013-12-19 | Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd | 調光装置及びその製造方法 |
| WO2019166209A1 (de) * | 2018-02-28 | 2019-09-06 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Verbundscheibe mit funktionselement mit elektrisch steuerbaren optischen eigenschaften |
| JP2021535882A (ja) * | 2018-09-07 | 2021-12-23 | ギーゼッケプルスデフリエント カーレンシー テクノロジー ゲーエムベーハーGiesecke+Devrient Currency Technology Gmbh | 視角に応じて色が変わる中間膜を有する複合ガラス |
| WO2022153998A1 (ja) * | 2021-01-13 | 2022-07-21 | Agc株式会社 | 合わせガラス |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4596510A1 (en) | 2025-08-06 |
| JPWO2024071307A1 (ja) | 2024-04-04 |
| CN119301082A (zh) | 2025-01-10 |
| MX2025000877A (es) | 2025-03-07 |
| TW202429178A (zh) | 2024-07-16 |
| KR20250075536A (ko) | 2025-05-28 |
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