WO2024069058A1 - Equipement optique pour une imagerie microscopique de tomographie à cohérence optique temporelle en plein champ autoréférencée, installation et procédé associés - Google Patents
Equipement optique pour une imagerie microscopique de tomographie à cohérence optique temporelle en plein champ autoréférencée, installation et procédé associés Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024069058A1 WO2024069058A1 PCT/FR2022/000084 FR2022000084W WO2024069058A1 WO 2024069058 A1 WO2024069058 A1 WO 2024069058A1 FR 2022000084 W FR2022000084 W FR 2022000084W WO 2024069058 A1 WO2024069058 A1 WO 2024069058A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B9/00—Measuring instruments characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B9/04—Measuring microscopes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B9/00—Measuring instruments characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B9/02—Interferometers
- G01B9/02055—Reduction or prevention of errors; Testing; Calibration
- G01B9/02056—Passive reduction of errors
- G01B9/02057—Passive reduction of errors by using common path configuration, i.e. reference and object path almost entirely overlapping
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B9/00—Measuring instruments characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B9/02—Interferometers
- G01B9/0209—Low-coherence interferometers
- G01B9/02091—Tomographic interferometers, e.g. based on optical coherence
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
- G01N21/4795—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection spatially resolved investigating of object in scattering medium
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/0004—Microscopes specially adapted for specific applications
- G02B21/002—Scanning microscopes
- G02B21/0024—Confocal scanning microscopes (CSOMs) or confocal "macroscopes"; Accessories which are not restricted to use with CSOMs, e.g. sample holders
- G02B21/0052—Optical details of the image generation
- G02B21/0056—Optical details of the image generation based on optical coherence, e.g. phase-contrast arrangements, interference arrangements
Definitions
- the invention relates to optical equipment for microscopic imaging of optical coherence tomography and at least one sample.
- the invention also relates to a corresponding installation and method.
- optical coherence tomography (better known by the English acronym OCT for “Optical Coherence Tomography”) makes it possible to acquire images with great precision and in particular an axial resolution greater than that which can be obtained. with a confocal microscope.
- optical coherence tomography imaging allows:
- Temporal optical coherence tomography imaging consists of measuring the inter ferometric signal between a signal of a retrodif light flared by a sample when it is illuminated by a source with a reference light signal emitted by this same source and being propagated over the same optical distance.
- CMOS complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor
- CDD complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor
- Document FR 2 817 030 describes an example of an interference microscopic imaging system with full-field optical coherence.
- D-FFOCT Dynamic FFOCT
- morphological structures in a sample such as collagen fibers, cells and their nuclei, etc.
- metabolic elements which compose a tissue of one of said structures of the same sample (such as the organelles of a cell (mitochondria for example) and/or the general metabolic state of one of these structures and in particular the cells and nuclei - by dynamic imaging .
- Full-field optical coherence tomography imaging proves to be particularly advantageous for performing non-invasive imaging of three-dimensional structures making it possible to implement multiple applications: the study of organoids, the modeling of diseases, the making of a cancer diagnosis...
- FFOCT - static imaging and D-FFOCT make it possible to obtain a lot of information on the functioning of living things thanks to the particularity of its signal, while being non-invasive and non-destructive.
- FFOCT - static and D-FFOCT imaging makes it possible to obtain local amplification - spatially decorrelated - of the backscattered signal within the sample (generally a three-dimensional volume) as well as associated local phase information. and this with a transverse resolution similar to that which can be obtained by confocal microcopy and with an axial resolution greater than that which can be obtained by confocal microcopy.
- FFOCT - static and D-FFOCT imagery are sensitive to weak scattering objects and weak longitudinal movements.
- FFOCT - static and D-FFOCT imaging makes it possible to greatly limit the presence of speckles (better known by the English term "speckles") compared to analogous imaging techniques having phase resolution (scattering microscopy). interference, holographic microscopy, etc.). This allows a direct interpretation of the object studied.
- FFOCT-static imaging and D-FFOCT imaging are virtually insensitive to spatial aberrations, allowing imaging within three-dimensional structures.
- FFOCT - static imaging and D-FFOCT imaging thus make it possible to detect small organs - such as sub-cellular constituents - within more complex three-dimensional structures, such as tissues, even without marking.
- D-FFCOT imaging it is possible, by temporal analysis of the signals obtained, to highlight other contrasts linked for example to cellular activity (such as for example cellular activity of organelles and for example example mitochondria, microvesicles, etc.).
- inverted microscopy (remember that an inverted microscope is a microscope in which a sample is observed from below). It is also specified that a stratum is a two-dimensional section of the sample along a cutting plane in the thickness of the sample i.e. along a cutting plane parallel to the face of the sample holder on which the sample rests.
- static FFOCT imaging and D-FFOCT imaging are not usually used to image these strata close to this surface, and particularly in the case of studies of very thin samples such as for example two-dimensional cell culture samples.
- two-dimensional cell culture remains the majority used in disease modeling and drug development. despite the emergence of three-dimensional cell culture.
- the study of elements in transition from a thin three-dimensional structure to a thicker three-dimensional structure is key in certain applications, such as for example for the study of intestinal organoids.
- static FFOCT imaging and D-FFOCT imaging seem difficult to use for imaging the latter configuration.
- the invention aims in particular to allow microscopic imaging of full-field optical coherence tomography which makes it possible to limit the appearance of optical artifacts during the imaging of at least one sample.
- a method for full-field optical coherence tomography microscopic imaging of at least one sample comprising the steps of:
- the reference wave is generated by reflection of light on a specular interface arranged on the object arm.
- a stratum being a two-dimensional section of the sample along a cutting plane in the thickness of the sample i.e. a cutting plane parallel to a face of the sample holder on which the sample rests
- the sample being for example a sample of a two-dimensional cell culture, a sample of graphene ... and more generally a sample having a thickness less than 15 micrometers, and for example less than 10 micrometers, and for example less than 5 micrometers;
- one or more interface strata of a sample of greater thickness (such as an organoid for example), that is to say the strata closest to a face of an element carrying the sample ( glass slide, plastic slide, incubator, etc.).
- the invention is based on the general principle of FFOCT imaging but improves this principle by being "self-referenced”: in fact the invention operates without a specific reference arm as in the FFOCT devices of the prior art since the Reference wave is generated from the specular interface which is also cleverly placed in the path of the object wave.
- the particular position of the specular interface allows automatic alignment between a reference field (linked to the reference wave) and an object field (linked to the object wave).
- This interference is otherwise homogeneous. This interference is also of very good quality since there is no optical aberration.
- the invention can also be implemented by an installation of simple structure.
- the invention thus proves to be less sensitive to vibrations than the static and dynamic FFOCT devices of the prior art due to the fact that the reference waves and the object waves propagate along the same object arm and that the specular interface is thus found at a less significant distance from the sample (for example the specular interface is at a distance between 0 and 15 micrometers).
- the invention can thus make it possible to create a uniform mosaic (a mosaic being an assembly of N images acquired from different zones of the same stratum of a given sample), that is to say without overlapping artifacts between two images of the adjacent mosaic.
- the invention can be implemented in a miniaturized installation depending on the intended application.
- the invention uses only one objective due to its self-referencing.
- the invention can advantageously be implemented in noisy environments such as for example on a vehicle (land, air, sea, etc.), a production line, etc.
- the invention can also be associated with:
- a processing unit for example a processor to process the interference signal(s).
- the invention is also configured to perform dynamic full-field optical coherence tomography microscopic imaging.
- the method includes an additional step for studying the temporal evolution of a resulting signal or of the interference(s) between the reference waves and the object waves.
- the method makes it possible to carry out static FFOCT imaging as well as D-FFOCT imaging.
- the method is configured to perform temporal optical coherence tomography microscopic imaging.
- the process makes it possible, for example, to be able to look at morphological elements in a sample (such as collagen fibers, cells and their nuclei) - static imaging - as well as metabolic elements which make up a tissue, elements of the same sample (such as the organelles of a cell (mitochondria for example)) and/or the general metabolic state of one of these elements and in particular the cells and nuclei - dynamic imaging.
- the elements can for example be cells, structures and in particular subcellular structures such as nuclei, mitochondria, pigments, etc.
- the invention is less sensitive susceptible to vibrations than the static and dynamic FFOCT devices of the prior art.
- This aspect is particularly interesting if the invention is used in a D-FFOCT imaging context.
- D-FFOCT imaging devices of the prior art are difficult to deploy outside optical laboratories while the invention can be implemented in demanding and/or noisy environments (a noisy environment being an environment subject to to mechanical vibrations).
- object arm we mean the part of the installation located between the sample and an optical element making it possible to generate the interfaces such as for example an optical beam splitter element (a light ray can thus propagate in said object arm following a given optical path).
- the specular interface is arranged so as to be at a given distance from a plane imaged by the installation, a distance which is greater than or equal to zero and less than or equal to:
- imaged plan (which can also be called “image plan”), we mean a plan which is imaged on an acquisition device (whether or not part of the invention), a device adapted to acquire at least one signal resulting from interference between the reference waves and the object waves.
- the “imaged plan” therefore corresponds to one of the strata of the sample combined with the device of acquisition.
- the “lens depth of field” is defined by 2 ⁇ /NA 2 (with ⁇ the central wavelength of the light emitted by the source) and NA the numerical aperture of the lens).
- the method thus proves to be particularly effective for imaging strata distances of zero to two times 2 ⁇ / NA 2 from the specular interface.
- the invention also relates to optical equipment for full-field optical coherence tomography microscopic imaging of at least one sample, the equipment comprising an objective for in-service observation of the sample, the device comprising an interface specular, the device thus being able in service to allow the production of at least one interference between:
- the specular interface is arranged so as to be at a given distance from a plane imaged by the installation, a distance which is greater than or equal to zero and less than or equal to:
- the specular interface of the equipment belongs to a glass slide or a plastic slide.
- the source is part of the equipment.
- the equipment comprises an acquisition device adapted to acquire at least one signal resulting from interference between the reference waves and the object waves.
- the equipment according to the invention can also be configured to allow dynamic full-field optical coherence tomograph microscopic imaging.
- the equipment according to the invention may further comprise an incubator intended to receive the sample.
- the source of the equipment illuminates a beam splitter element of the installation through an optical unit comprising at least one optic and at least one diaphragm.
- the specular interface is part of the sample holder. Even more advantageously, the specular interface is a face of the sample holder turned in use towards the sample.
- the invention also relates to an installation comprising equipment as mentioned above.
- the installation includes a reference arm, the installation thus being able in service to also allow the production of at least one interference between: • at least one reference wave obtained by reflection of the light emitted by the light source on a reflection surface of the additional reference arm, and
- the installation comprising means for blocking the reference arm.
- At least part of the installation according to the invention can be integrated into a mobile telephone.
- the facility is configured to perform dynamic full-field optical coherence tomography microscopic imaging.
- the equipment can advantageously be installed relatively simply in already existing static or dynamic FFOCT installations.
- the term “reference arm” means the part of the installation located between the reflection surface and an optical element making it possible to generate the interfaces (a light ray thus being able to propagate in said reference arm following a given optical path).
- the term "lighting arm” means the part of the installation located between the source and the optical element making it possible to generate the interfaces (a light ray thus being able to propagate in said object arm following a given optical path ) .
- FIG. 1 Figure 1 is a schematic view of equipment according to a first embodiment of the invention
- Figure 2a Figure 2a is a schematic view of equipment according to a second embodiment of the invention when a reference arm of said equipment is blocked
- Figure 2b is a schematic view of the equipment illustrated in Figure 2a when the reference arm is functional.
- the installation 1 is configured to carry out static and dynamic full-field optical coherence tomography microscopic imaging, particularly at one or more strata. interface of a sample 100 (whatever the thickness of the sample 100).
- the sample 100 is carried by a sample holder.
- the sample holder is for example a glass slide, a plastic slide, an incubator...
- the installation 1 further comprises optical equipment 2 which is configured to allow the observation of the sample 100, here from below the sample 100.
- the equipment 2 also comprises a frame (not shown here) and a stage (not shown here) intended to carry the sample holder with the sample 100 to be observed, the stage being movable in translation with respect to the frame along at least two axes of translation.
- the equipment also includes an interference device which here comprises a source 5 and a specular interface 3, the interference device thus being able, in service, to produce optical interference between:
- Source 5 is a source which is said to be spatially incoherent.
- the source 5 is for example a halogen lamp or a light-emitting diode (better known by the acronym LED) or even a block formed of a spatially coherent source (the coherent source being for example a laser) and a structure crossed by the rays at the output of the spatially coherent source, structure making it possible to make said rays spatially incoherent at the output of the structure (and therefore of the block).
- the structure is for example provided with a multimode type cavity, a multimode fiber, a hexagonal rod, etc.
- Source 5 is here a temporally incoherent source, i.e. a source of short temporal coherence length (i.e. for example in a range of 0.5 to 15 micrometers and preferably from 1 to 10 micrometers).
- a temporally incoherent source i.e. a source of short temporal coherence length (i.e. for example in a range of 0.5 to 15 micrometers and preferably from 1 to 10 micrometers).
- the installation also includes here an acquisition device 7.
- the acquisition device 7 is part of the equipment.
- the acquisition device 7 allows the acquisition of at least one signal resulting from interference between the reference waves and the object waves.
- the acquisition device 7 comprises an optical sensor.
- the optical sensor is preferably an optical sensor with semiconductors complementary to the metal oxide (better known by the English term CMOS for Complementarity metal-oxide-semiconductor).
- the optical sensor is chosen to acquire images at a high rate. This makes it possible to follow, if desired, a dynamic of movements within the sample when it includes at least one living cell.
- the optical sensor is capable of acquiring images at a frequency greater than 100 Hertz and preferably greater than 200 Hertz and preferably greater than 400 Hertz.
- the optical sensor is chosen to acquire raw images (i.e. at the input of the acquisition device) according to a high signal-to-noise ratio.
- the optical sensor is capable of acquiring raw images with a signal-to-noise ratio greater than 500 and preferably greater than 800 and preferably greater than 1000.
- the optical sensor is a camera, and by example a high well capacity camera (better known by the English term “full well capacity”) and for example a CMOS camera and for example a Q-2A750 camera or a Q-2HFW camera both marketed by the company Adimec .
- the assembly 1 also comprises here a signal processing device (not shown here) emitted by the acquisition device 7 to, for example, generate an image of at least part of the sample.
- the signal processing device is external to the equipment 2.
- the signal processing device comprises at least one processing unit such as a processor.
- the signal processing device includes, for example, a computer.
- the installation 1 comprises an incubator for a microscope (not shown here) then forming the sample holder for the sample 100.
- the incubator 1 is for example arranged in the equipment 2 so as to be carried by the stage , the sample 100 being placed directly in the incubator.
- the incubator is preferably portable so that it can be temporarily returned to the equipment 2.
- the incubator facilitates the study of samples comprising at least one living cell. Indeed, the incubator makes it possible to keep such samples alive for several days or even several weeks.
- the incubator is shaped to be able to receive multi-well plates.
- the incubator is equipped with temperature control within the incubator.
- the incubator is equipped with a check for the presence of at least one gas in the incubator.
- the incubator is equipped with a control of the presence of carbon dioxide in the incubator and/or the presence of nitrogen in the incubator and/or the presence of oxygen in the incubator.
- the incubator is preferably configured to maintain the sample 100 at a given temperature and for example at a temperature substantially equal to 37 degrees Celsius (for example human cells, primates, pork, etc.).
- the incubator is configured to allow the oxygenation of the sample (in particular by a supply of a nitrogen and dioxygen mixture and an evacuation of carbon dioxide) this oxygenation being ensured by at least the control of the carbon dioxide level. carbon in the incubator.
- the incubator is configured to manage the humidity level of the sample so that the sample does not dehydrate.
- the incubator is equipped with a sensor to ensure that the humidity level in the incubator 9 is between 70 and 100%.
- the incubator here is advantageously a conventional incubator.
- the incubator is an H201-K incubator marketed by the company Okolab.
- the interference device will now be detailed.
- the interference device comprises a base which is fixed with respect to the frame.
- Said base carries a beam splitter element 10 which is here a non-polarizing beam splitter element 10 (better known by the English acronym NPBS for Non-Polarizing Beamsplitters).
- the separator element 10 is for example a non-polarizing separator cube, a separating blade non-polarizing...
- the source 5 is intended to illuminate the separator element 10 via an optical unit 4.
- the optical unit 4 like the source 5 are arranged in the extension of the separator element 10.
- the optical unit 4 like the source 5 are here carried by the base and are therefore fixed relative to the element separator 10 and therefore in relation to the frame.
- the optical unit 4 comprises, inside a housing of the optical unit which is the part of the optical unit 4 fixed to the base, successively between the source 5 and the separator element 10:
- a first optic 13 (such as for example a single lens, a single doublet or a pair of lenses or a pair of doublets) arranged downstream of the first diaphragm 12,
- a second optic 15 (such as for example a single lens, a single doublet or a pair of lenses or a pair of doublets) arranged downstream of the second diaphragm 14 and upstream of the separator element 10.
- the four aforementioned elements are fixed in the casing and are therefore fixed relative to the separator element 10 and therefore relative to the frame.
- the first optic 13 makes it possible, for example, to reduce the divergence of the rays generated by the source 5. This limits a loss of power of the light radiation generated by the source 5.
- the first diaphragm 12 is for example an aperture diaphragm.
- the first diaphragm 12 is arranged in a focal plane of the first optics 13 and preferably in the image focal plane of the first optics 13.
- the first optics 13 images the source 5 at the image focal plane of the first optics 13 which coincides with the first diaphragm 12.
- the first diaphragm 12 therefore makes it possible, through its opening, for example to control the degree of spatial incoherence of the source 5 and/or the quantity of light received by the sample 100 and/or the numerical illumination aperture of the installation 1...
- first diaphragm 12 is also arranged in a focal plane of the second optic 15 and preferably in the object focal plane of the second optic 15. Furthermore, the focal length of the second optic 15 must be less than or equal to the distance separating the first optic 13 from the first diaphragm 12.
- the second diaphragm 14 is for example a field diaphragm.
- the second diaphragm 14 makes it possible to restrict the illumination of the sample to illuminate only the portion of the sample which will be imaged by the installation 1 and/or to reduce incoherent reflections.
- the second diaphragm 14 is arranged in a focal plane of the second optics 15 and preferably in the object focal plane of the second optics 15.
- diaphragm we mean for this description any organ making it possible to control the passage of light radiation generated by source 5: iris diaphragm, hole in a dedicated wall, etc.
- upstream of the separator element 10 is thus successively the source 5, the first diaphragm 12, the first optics 13, the second optics 15 and the second diaphragm 14.
- the first optics 13, the first diaphragm 12, the second optics 15 and the second diaphragm 14 are fixed in the equipment.
- the source 5 therefore illuminates the separator element 10 (via the optical unit) which makes it possible to define a “lighting arm” of said separator element 10.
- the separator element 10 makes it possible, following its illumination by the source, to form an arm called the “object arm” which is associated, in operation, with the sample.
- Source 5 is not on the object arm but is indeed on the lighting arm.
- the installation 1 comprises a first objective 21 associated with the object arm.
- the numerical aperture of the first objective 21 is high.
- “high” we mean a numerical aperture greater than 0.8 and preferably greater than 1 and preferably greater than 1.4 for the present application.
- the second optics 15 makes it possible to image the source 5 on the focal plane of the objective and for example on the object focal plane of the objective.
- the first objective 21 is for example part of equipment 2.
- the sample 100 (or at least the stratum of the sample 100 which we seek to image) is intended to be positioned at one of the foci of the first objective 21 and for example at the image focal point of the first objective 21.
- the first objective 21 is on the arm ob-j and.
- the second diaphragm 14 is arranged in a focal plane of the second optic 15, and for example in the object focal plane of the second optic 15.
- the second diaphragm 14 is conjugated to the sample via the first objective 21 (the sample being at a focus of the first objective 21 and for example at the image focus of the first objective 21).
- the source 5 is conjugated to a focus of the first objective and for example to the object focus (pupil plane) of the first objective 21 (via the first optic 13.
- the first objective 21 is arranged so as to observe the sample 100 from below the sample 100.
- the first objective 21 is arranged under the stage and in the present case under the incubator.
- the equipment 2 comprises a reflection surface 22 so that a ray passing through the first objective 21 along the optical axis of said first objective 21 can be reflected as far as the separator element 10. This makes it possible to have the first objective vertically.
- the reflection surface 22 is planar.
- the reflection surface 22 is a mirror and for example a thick mirror and for example a mirror having a thickness greater than or equal to 3 millimeters and for example a thickness greater than or equal to 4 millimeters.
- said reflection surface 22 is a plane mirror carried by a prism or else a plane mirror carried by a cube.
- said reflection surface 22 is arranged so that a ray propagating along the optical axis of the first objective 21 is then propagated, after reflection on the reflection surface 22, to then propagate up to the separator element 10 along the arm ob- j and.
- the interference device also includes the specular interface 3 previously described arranged between the first objective 21 and here the sample 100.
- the specular interface 3 is for example part of a glass slide.
- the specular interface 3 is for example part of the sample holder carrying the sample 100.
- the specular interface 3 is movable with respect to the first objective 21 and is therefore movable in the frame.
- the specular interface 3 is associated with at least one member for moving the specular interface 3 relative to the frame and in particular with respect to the first objective 21 (in particular to approach or move back the specular interface 3 of objective 21).
- the specular interface 3 is carried by a base which is moved via the displacement member.
- the displacement member is configured to move the specular interface according to at least one translation.
- the displacement member is configured to move the specular interface 3 according to at least one translation along the optical axis of the first objective 21.
- the plate and the specular interface 3 are fixed relative to each other.
- the plate is therefore linked in translation to the specular interface 3: the plate is for this purpose fixed to the base on which the specular interface is also fixed. Consequently, when the specular interface of the first objective 21 is brought closer or further away, the stage (and therefore the sample) is similarly moved closer or further away from the first objective 21.
- the specular interface 3 is arranged in the equipment 2 so that the distance between the specular interface and the plane imaged by the installation, is here included (limits included) between zero and three times or more the depth of field of the first objective 21 and preferably included (limits inclusive) between zero and two times the depth of field of the first objective 21 and preferably here included (limits included) between zero and one time the depth of field of the first objective 21.
- the plate + specular interface 3 assembly can advantageously be moved if necessary with respect to the first objective 21 to fulfill this function.
- the imaged plane is the image focal plane of the first objective 21.
- the imaged plane may, however, be different from said image focal plane depending on the relative position of the acquisition device 7 in the installation 1.
- the stratum of the sample 100 that we wish to image is located here in the image focal plane of the first objective 21, we therefore ensure that the distance between said stratum and the specular interface 3 is preferably less than or equal to twice the depth of field. Preferably, we therefore ensure that the distance between said stratum and the specular interface 3 is less than once the depth of field of the first objective 21.
- the first objective 21 and the specular interface 3 are arranged so that the distance AZ between the image focal plane of the first objective 21 and the face of the specular interface 3 facing the sample 100 is preferably less at twice the depth of field of the first objective 21 ie less than twice
- AZ is for example between 0 and 5 micrometers. This value interval is not limiting and will mainly depend on the characteristics of the first objective 21. In reality AZ is linked to the maximum wavelength emitted by the light source 5 for which it is still possible to form interference.
- the specular interface 3 is on the object arm.
- the specular interface 3 must be sufficiently transparent to allow the light rays to pass through it so that they can reach the sample 100 and leave via the source 5.
- the specular interface 3 is the element of equipment 2 making it possible to obtain the reference waves.
- the specular interface 3 is cleverly arranged on the object arm.
- the equipment 2 thus described does not need a dedicated reference arm thanks to the use of the cleverly placed specular interface 3.
- equipment 2 here includes a third op- tick 23 arranged at the output of the interference device, that is to say arranged between the separator element 10 and the acquisition device 7.
- the third optic 23 may be part of the interference device or may not be part of said interference device.
- the third optic 23 is a single lens, a single doublet or a pair of lenses or a pair of doublets.
- the acquisition device 7 is arranged in the focal plane of the third optic 23 and for example in the object focal plane of the third optic 23.
- the optical axis of the acquisition device 7 is perpendicular to the lighting arm.
- the installation 1 thus described is an improvement of a Linnik interferometer in a Koehler illumination configuration.
- the installation 1 described it is for example possible to acquire images of cells, but also to visualize cellular activity and to distinguish the metabolic state of a cell.
- the cells can for example be two-dimensional cultures such as monolayer two-dimensional cultures, three-dimensional cultures such as organoids or many other multilayer three-dimensional cultures...
- the installation 1 thus described can be used for example for the study of organoids, two-dimensional single-layer cultures, three-dimensional multi-layer cultures, fibroblasts, retinas and corneas, the study of explants. of retinas and corneas of mice, pigs, macaques, etc., quality control of the production of organoids on a large scale, helping in the micro-fluidics field, disease modeling, to carry out effectiveness tests new treatments (gene, pharmaceutical, etc.), for a transplant...
- the installation 1 described makes it possible to generate a static signal making it possible to visualize the three-dimensional structure of a tissue as well as a dynamic signal making it possible to identify the cells of a tissue and to measure them by example their metabolism.
- installation 1 is of reduced dimensions due to its absence of a reference arm (and in particular due to the absence of a second objective arranged on the reference arm). Installation 1 can thus be miniaturized.
- the installation 1 described turns out to be simple in its structure and is therefore easy to implement even with means other than those mentioned above.
- the acquisition device 7 can be a simple mobile phone equipped with a camera, for example a smart phone or “smartphone”.
- the acquisition device 7 is then not part of the installation 1.
- the installation 1 may for example include a location (optionally arranged on the equipment frame) and it will be enough for a user, even inexperienced, to place its phone in the location provided for this purpose to be able to produce high quality imaging simply and quickly.
- the third optic 23 can optionally also be part of the mobile telephone.
- Installation 1 is of reduced dimensions due to its absence of a reference arm. Installation 1 can thus be miniaturized.
- the light source 5 can also be part of the mobile telephone.
- the processing device can also be part of the mobile telephone.
- the installation 1 and/or the equipment 2 is manufactured from an existing microscope.
- the stage, the frame, the reflection surface 3 and the first objective 21 are those of an existing microscope such as for example an inverted microscope.
- the inverted microscope is a turret microscope.
- said microscope is modified so that:
- the specular interface 3 (as well as optionally its associated displacement member) is arranged between the first objective 21 and the plate,
- the microscope can be a microscope for which optical modules [differential interference contrast module better known by the acronym an- DIG module glass (for Differential Interference Contrast), coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering module better known by the acronym CARS module (for Coherent AntiStokes Raman Scattering), second harmonic generation module better known by the English acronym module SHG (for Second Harmonic Generation), third harmonic generation module better known by the English acronym THG module (for Third Harmonic Generation), Raman module, one or two photon fluorescence module, etc. have already been developed .
- optical modules differential interference contrast module better known by the acronym an- DIG module glass (for Differential Interference Contrast), coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering module better known by the acronym CARS module (for Coherent AntiStokes Raman Scattering), second harmonic generation module better known by the English acronym module SHG (for Second Harmonic Generation), third harmonic generation module better known by the English acronym THG module (for Third Harmonic Generation), Raman module, one or two photon fluorescence
- the installation 1 can thus easily be coupled to these modules of the prior art, which makes it possible to enrich the imaging possibilities of the sample 100.
- the associated microscope can be a microscope for which accessories have already been developed so that starting from such a microscope, the installation allows you to benefit from the accessories of the microscope.
- the aforementioned incubator may be such an accessory of the prior art.
- the installation 1 was devoid of an additional physical reference arm (the specular interface 3 being carried by the object arm), in the second embodiment the installation 1 also includes a reference arm. additional physical reference. The entire installation which was described according to the first embodiment is therefore also present here.
- the interference device is thus also capable, in service, of producing optical interference between: • reference waves obtained by reflection of the light emitted by the source 5 on a reflection surface 6 of the additional object arm, and
- the reflection surface 6 is flat.
- the reflection surface 6 is for example a mirror.
- the installation includes a second objective 24.
- the two objectives 21, 24 are identical and are associated with one of the arms respectively.
- the two objectives 21, 24 have an identical numerical aperture (better known by the English acronym NA for “numerical aperture”).
- the numerical aperture of the second objective 24 is high.
- “high” we mean a numerical aperture greater than 0.8 and preferably greater than 1 for the present application.
- the second optics 15 makes it possible to image the source 5 on a focal plane of the two objectives and for example on the object focal plane of the two objectives 21, 24.
- the second objective 24 is part of the interference device.
- the second objective 24 is arranged at the level of the reflection surface 6.
- the optical axis of the second objective 24 is for example normal to a plane along which the reflection surface 6 extends.
- the second objective 24 is arranged so that the reflection surface 6 is in one of the foci of the second objective 24 and for example at the image focal point of the second objective 24.
- the second objective 24 is therefore on the reference arm.
- the acquisition device 7, the third optic 23, the interface element 10, the second objective 24 and the reflection surface 6 are an extension of one another.
- the reflection surface 6 is movable in a translational movement along the optical axis of the second objective 24.
- the reflection surface 6 is mounted movably in the interference device relative to the frame in order to be able to be moved relative to the second objective 24.
- the reflection surface 6 is mounted on a base which can be moved in translation opposite the building.
- the base can be moved in translation with respect to the frame via at least one pi ezo-electric actuator.
- the reference arm is associated with blocking means (not visible here) of said reference arm in order to temporarily prevent light rays from moving along the reference arm.
- blocking means for example, a cover or a shutter or a mirror can be temporarily arranged at the level of the separator element 10 or else the separator element 10 can be oriented differently or even the reference arm is mounted on a base which can be moved with respect to the separator element 10...
- the distance AZ is defined between the imaged plane and the specular interface 3. This distance is preferably less than twice the depth of field of the first objective 21 (or equal to twice the Ion- coherence length of the central wavelength of the source 5 if the depth of field of the first objective is greater than said coherence length).
- this possibility is primarily used to image the interface strata(s) of the sample 100 or to image samples 100 in two dimensions.
- the blocking means are then deactivated to allow the light rays to move along the reference arm.
- the specular interface 3 remains in place in installation 1 and this characteristic is taken into account in the adjustment of the reference arm.
- the distance AZ is defined between the imaged plane and the reflection surface 6.
- the imaged plane corresponds to the image focal plane of the second objective 24 (but the imaged plane could correspond to another plane depending on the position of the device acquisition 7 in the installation).
- This distance AZ is preferably less than at least two times the depth of field of the second objective 24 (or twice the coherence length of the source if the coherence length of the source is less than the depth of field of the second objective ) .
- this possibility is primarily used to image the sample 100 in the strata furthest from the first objective.
- the incubator may or may not be part of the installation and/or the acquisition device may or may not be part of the installation and/or the processing device may or may not be part of the installation and/ or the source may or may not be part of the installation and/or the mobile telephone may or may not be part of the installation.
- the acquisition device may or may not be part of the equipment and/or the processing device may or may not be part of the equipment and/or the source may or may not be part of the equipment.
- the equipment may not be reversed.
- the illumination of the sample can thus be carried out from above (the collection of the signal by the first objective then taking place preferably also from above) as well as from below (the collection of the signal by the first objective then taking place preferably from the bottom as well).
- the optical sensor may be different from what was indicated for example the optical sensor could be a charge-coupled sensor (better known by the English term CCD for Charge-Coupled Device).
- the optical sensor may be able to work in the visible and/or in another domain such as for example in the infrared.
- the optical sensor could be a near-infrared image sensor (better known by the English term SWIR sensor for Short-Wave-Infrared).
- the optical sensor could for example be an InGaAs sensor (for indium-gallium arsenide) or even an InGaAs SWIR sensor.
- the equipment and/or installation may be shaped so that the optical sensor (and/or the acquisition device) is interchangeable in order, for example, to be able to work in the visible and then to be able to work in a field other than the visible and for example in the infrared.
- the installation may not include an incubator (portable or not).
- the installation may include a heating enclosure in which the microscope is at least arranged to be able, for example, to maintain the sample at a given temperature.
- the microscope could be without a turret.
- the equipment may be devoid of a reflection surface arranged on the object arm as has been described.
- the first objective could be in aligning the source.
- the specular interface may include a particular surface treatment allowing its reflection coefficient to be modified.
- the specular interface can be temporarily removed from the equipment or can be fixed without the possibility of disassembly of equipment.
- the specular interface which moves with respect to the first objective
- the first objective and the specular interface may be at a fixed distance in the frame relative to each other.
- the specular interface belongs to a glass slide
- the specular interface could belong to a slide in another material and for example a plastic slide.
- the specular interface may belong to an element made of glass, plastic or any other material allowing light rays to pass through it, the material being preferably planar and/or smooth.
- the specular interface may be part of a blade or part of another element shaped differently and for example in a plate or in any other shape allowing the light rays to pass through said specular interface.
- the specular interface may or may not be integrated into the sample holder, particularly when the latter is a slide (made of glass, plastic, etc.). Although here the specular interface is distinct from the plate, the specular interface can be integrated into the plate.
- the specular interface is the face of the blade facing the sample
- the specular interface could be the face of the blade facing the first objective or any other layer inside the blade.
- the beam splitter element could be polarizing and associated with an additional device ensuring non-polarization (such as delay plates such as quarter-wave plates).
- the beam splitter element could thus be any splitter element such as a non-polarizing beam splitter element (NPBS), a polarizing beam splitter element, a “Polka dot” type beam splitter element, one or more membranes, etc.
- NPBS non-polarizing beam splitter element
- polarizing beam splitter element a polarizing beam splitter element
- a “Polka dot” type beam splitter element one or more membranes, etc.
- the installation will be able to overcome the reflection surface 22.
- the specular interface remains in place in the second configuration, as a variant the specular interface can be temporarily removed from the installation as long as one is placed in the second configuration.
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- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22809176.5A EP4594701A1 (fr) | 2022-09-29 | 2022-09-29 | Equipement optique pour une imagerie microscopique de tomographie à cohérence optique temporelle en plein champ autoréférencée, installation et procédé associés |
| PCT/FR2022/000084 WO2024069058A1 (fr) | 2022-09-29 | 2022-09-29 | Equipement optique pour une imagerie microscopique de tomographie à cohérence optique temporelle en plein champ autoréférencée, installation et procédé associés |
| JP2025518316A JP2025532271A (ja) | 2022-09-29 | 2022-09-29 | 自己参照型フルフィールドタイムドメイン光コヒーレンストモグラフィ顕微イメージングのための光学装置、関連付けられた設備及び方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2022/000084 WO2024069058A1 (fr) | 2022-09-29 | 2022-09-29 | Equipement optique pour une imagerie microscopique de tomographie à cohérence optique temporelle en plein champ autoréférencée, installation et procédé associés |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2024069058A1 true WO2024069058A1 (fr) | 2024-04-04 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| PCT/FR2022/000084 Ceased WO2024069058A1 (fr) | 2022-09-29 | 2022-09-29 | Equipement optique pour une imagerie microscopique de tomographie à cohérence optique temporelle en plein champ autoréférencée, installation et procédé associés |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4594701A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2025532271A (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024069058A1 (fr) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2817030A1 (fr) | 2000-11-17 | 2002-05-24 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Procede et dispositif d'imagerie microscopique interferentielle d'un objet a haute cadence |
| US20130128277A1 (en) * | 2010-05-07 | 2013-05-23 | Holger Lubatschowski | Arrangement and method for interferometry |
| CN106248624B (zh) * | 2016-09-12 | 2020-01-03 | 南京理工大学 | 基于补偿干涉仪的串联式全场光学层析成像装置及方法 |
-
2022
- 2022-09-29 JP JP2025518316A patent/JP2025532271A/ja active Pending
- 2022-09-29 EP EP22809176.5A patent/EP4594701A1/fr active Pending
- 2022-09-29 WO PCT/FR2022/000084 patent/WO2024069058A1/fr not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2817030A1 (fr) | 2000-11-17 | 2002-05-24 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Procede et dispositif d'imagerie microscopique interferentielle d'un objet a haute cadence |
| US20130128277A1 (en) * | 2010-05-07 | 2013-05-23 | Holger Lubatschowski | Arrangement and method for interferometry |
| CN106248624B (zh) * | 2016-09-12 | 2020-01-03 | 南京理工大学 | 基于补偿干涉仪的串联式全场光学层析成像装置及方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| CHANG CHIAKAI ET AL: "Web-based 3D digital pathology framework for large-mapping data scanned by FF-OCT", PROGRESS IN BIOMEDICAL OPTICS AND IMAGING, SPIE - INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING, BELLINGHAM, WA, US, vol. 9418, 17 March 2015 (2015-03-17), pages 94180H - 94180H, XP060052204, ISSN: 1605-7422, ISBN: 978-1-5106-0027-0, DOI: 10.1117/12.2081587 * |
| SARUNIC M V ET AL: "FULL-FIELD SWEPT-SOURCE PHASE MICROSCOPY", OPTICS LETTERS, OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA, US, vol. 31, no. 10, 15 May 2006 (2006-05-15), pages 1462 - 1464, XP001242790, ISSN: 0146-9592, DOI: 10.1364/OL.31.001462 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4594701A1 (fr) | 2025-08-06 |
| JP2025532271A (ja) | 2025-09-29 |
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