WO2024062094A1 - Titre : dispositif et procede pour la caracterisation de cellules soumises a une contrainte physique - Google Patents
Titre : dispositif et procede pour la caracterisation de cellules soumises a une contrainte physique Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024062094A1 WO2024062094A1 PCT/EP2023/076210 EP2023076210W WO2024062094A1 WO 2024062094 A1 WO2024062094 A1 WO 2024062094A1 EP 2023076210 W EP2023076210 W EP 2023076210W WO 2024062094 A1 WO2024062094 A1 WO 2024062094A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
- G01N15/14—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry
- G01N15/1484—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry microstructural devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
- B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
- B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
- B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
- B01L3/502761—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip specially adapted for handling suspended solids or molecules independently from the bulk fluid flow, e.g. for trapping or sorting beads, for physically stretching molecules
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
- C12M23/02—Form or structure of the vessel
- C12M23/16—Microfluidic devices; Capillary tubes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M35/00—Means for application of stress for stimulating the growth of microorganisms or the generation of fermentation or metabolic products; Means for electroporation or cell fusion
- C12M35/04—Mechanical means, e.g. sonic waves, stretching forces, pressure or shear stimuli
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
- G01N15/0205—Investigating particle size or size distribution by optical means
- G01N15/0227—Investigating particle size or size distribution by optical means using imaging; using holography
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
- G01N15/14—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry
- G01N15/1429—Signal processing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
- G01N15/14—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry
- G01N15/1429—Signal processing
- G01N15/1433—Signal processing using image recognition
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2200/00—Solutions for specific problems relating to chemical or physical laboratory apparatus
- B01L2200/06—Fluid handling related problems
- B01L2200/0647—Handling flowable solids, e.g. microscopic beads, cells, particles
- B01L2200/0663—Stretching or orienting elongated molecules or particles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
- B01L2300/0809—Geometry, shape and general structure rectangular shaped
- B01L2300/0816—Cards, e.g. flat sample carriers usually with flow in two horizontal directions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
- B01L2300/0848—Specific forms of parts of containers
- B01L2300/0858—Side walls
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
- B01L2300/0861—Configuration of multiple channels and/or chambers in a single devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
- G01N2015/0294—Particle shape
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
- G01N2015/1006—Investigating individual particles for cytology
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
- G01N15/14—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry
- G01N2015/1493—Particle size
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
- G01N15/14—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry
- G01N2015/1493—Particle size
- G01N2015/1495—Deformation of particles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
- G01N15/14—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry
- G01N2015/1497—Particle shape
Definitions
- the subject of the present invention is a microfluidic device and a method for the application of at least one physical constraint of intensity and of a determined duration to cells in suspension, and for the characterization of the morphological and physiological state of the cells subjected to the application of this physical constraint.
- the present invention therefore lies in the field of microfluidic devices and analytical cell biology.
- Morphology can itself be used as a marker of the physiological state of a cell.
- these means require, on the one hand, to have appropriate markers specific to a physiological state and, on the other hand, these methods only characterize the physiological state of the cell as observed at the time of marking.
- bioprocesses using animal cells such as in particular bioprinting processes, bioproduction of cells for cell therapy, and processes implemented from cells, such as the production of therapeutic proteins, viral vaccines or viral vectors, as well as all cell injection or sampling processes, depend on the quality of the cells that are used during said bioprocesses.
- the quality of cells is generally linked to physiological characteristics such as cell viability, ie the proportion of living cells compared to cells engaged in cell death processes (apoptosis, necrosis, lysis) or cell function (capacity secretion of molecules, capacity to differentiate into cell subtype in the case of stem cells).
- cell viability ie the proportion of living cells compared to cells engaged in cell death processes (apoptosis, necrosis, lysis) or cell function (capacity secretion of molecules, capacity to differentiate into cell subtype in the case of stem cells).
- the effectiveness of a bioprocess can therefore be strongly impacted by the alteration it produces on cellular quality and therefore on cellular physiology.
- One of the mechanisms which very strongly impacts the quality, and in particular cell viability, within a bioprocess is the application of hydrodynamic and mechanical constraints generated by the equipment used, such as a bioreactor, a system using an injection or sampling syringe, or even a separation step.
- a suspending fluid and a wall creates stress on cells suspended in the fluid. Direct interaction of the cell with the wall produces a mechanical impact on the cell.
- the intensity and duration of physical stress exerted on a cell vary greatly. For example, a cell therapy process can generate a stress on cells whose intensity can reach 5,000 Pa and a bioprinting process can generate a stress whose duration can reach 30 ms.
- WO 2015/024690 Apparatus and method for determining the mechanical properties of cells relates to a method and an apparatus for determining the mechanical properties of cells, and discloses the study of the deformation of cells subjected to shear stress.
- This document discloses a device comprising a simple capillary channel in which suspended cells undergo shear stress and a method for measuring the shape of the cells during their circulation in the device. This process uses binarized images. Measurements are made in real time.
- EP 3 796 212 “Device for image-based cell classification, method therefor and use thereof” describes a device for sorting cells in real time and without marking.
- This device includes a microfluidic network leading to the alignment of each of the cells according to its major axis and a classification unit comprising a neural network which sorts the cells based on their images.
- WO 2019/006188 “Quantitative deformability cytometry: rapid, calibrated measurements of cell mechanical properties” describes a microfluidic device and a quantitative deformability cytometry (q—DC) method intended to quantitatively evaluate the intrinsic mechanical properties of cells.
- the mechanical parameters determined are: the elastic modulus E, the cell fluidity P, the transit time T T , the migration time Te, the cell size D ce ii and the maximum stretching £ max , at a flow rate of 100 cells/s.
- Machine learning tools are implemented. The cells are subjected to calibrated shear stresses.
- a device and a process capable of generating at least one physical constraint such as generated during a bioprocess, the nature, intensity and duration of which are determined and controlled, in order to to characterize the cells likely to undergo said constraints.
- physical constraint we mean in particular any force exerted on the cells, capable in particular of generating cellular stress; such a physical constraint may in particular be a mechanical impact or a hydrodynamic constraint, such as an elongation, compression or shear stress.
- the inventors have developed a device for applying at least one physical constraint of determined intensity and duration to cells in suspension, and for characterizing the cells having undergone said at least one physical constraint.
- a device is configured to:
- a device is configured for the characterization of said cell during the application of said constraint and optionally for the characterization of said cell after the application of said constraint.
- a device comprises, on the one hand, a microfluidic circuit for the application of at least one physical constraint and, on the other hand, a means of characterizing cells.
- said at least one physical constraint is a constraint chosen from mechanical constraints, in particular a mechanical impact, and/or hydrodynamic constraints, such as a hydrodynamic compressive stress, a hydrodynamic shear stress and /or a hydrodynamic extension constraint. More particularly, in a device according to the invention, said at least one physical constraint is a constraint chosen from hydrodynamic constraints.
- said means for characterizing cells is chosen from all known technical means for observing cells, in particular imaging or cytometry means. More particularly, in a device according to the invention, said means for characterizing cells during application of the stress is chosen from all known technical means for observing cells, in particular imaging or cytometry means.
- a device comprises a microfluidic circuit comprising at least one segment configured for the application to cells in suspension of at least one physical constraint, more particularly a hydrodynamic constraint, this segment comprising at least: i) a main channel configured for the circulation of a fluid containing said cell in suspension, ii) a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, iii) means for introducing and establishing a flow of said fluid inside said channel.
- the invention therefore has as its first object a device for the application of at least one physical constraint, more particularly at least one hydrodynamic constraint, of determined intensity and duration to at least one cell in suspension, and for the characterization of said cell during and/or after said application, more particularly during and optionally after said application.
- the second object of the invention is a method for the application of at least one physical constraint, more particularly at least one hydrodynamic constraint, of determined intensity and duration to at least one cell in suspension, and for the characterization of said cell during and/or after said application, more particularly during and optionally after said application.
- the invention also relates to a classification model, previously trained on a set of learning data, to characterize a cell and predict its physiological state during and/or after the application of at least one physical constraint, according to a device and a method according to the invention.
- a classification model saves time, money and performance (in particular allowing a large number of cell characterizations during a reduced period of time) compared to the tools existing on the market.
- the subject of the invention is the use of a device, a method or a classification model according to the invention, to characterize a cell and possibly predict his physiological state during and/or after the application of at least one physical constraint.
- a device and a method according to the invention have the advantage of generating at least one physical constraint, the nature, intensity and duration of which are precisely determined and controlled, in order to characterize the cells having undergone said constraints.
- a device and a method according to the invention have the advantage of allowing the application of a modular sequence of at least one physical constraint, in particular the repetition of the same constraint and/or the combination of physical constraints of a different nature. , the intensity and duration of each being precisely defined. It is therefore possible, thanks to this simple and precise tool, to reproduce the constraints applied during a bioprocess and to monitor the state of at least one cell at high speed.
- a device and a method according to the invention also have the advantage of making it possible to predict the physiological state of cells during and/or after they have been subjected to physical constraints. This prediction can be made during and up to several days after the application of these physical constraints.
- a device and a method according to the invention have the advantage of defining the capacity of a cell to undergo the application of at least one determined physical constraint while maintaining a morphology and a physiological state compatible with the requirements of said bioprocess. It is in fact possible, thanks to a device and a method according to the invention, to define, for given cells, a map of its resistance capacities to at least one physical constraint.
- capacitor we mean the capacity of a cell to undergo at least one physical constraint of determined intensity and duration, without modification of its physiological state.
- modification of its physiological state we mean in particular a differentiation, or the transition from a viable state to a state of lysis, necrosis, or apoptosis.
- a device and a method according to the invention makes it possible in particular to optimize bioprocesses, and in particular the associated physical constraints, in order to define the optimal operating conditions and to adapt said constraints to the cells of interest.
- These conditions for example, focus on the parameters of the bioprocess (temperature, flow rate, rotation speed), on the suspending fluid (viscosity, osmolarity). It is in fact desirable to optimize the constraints associated with bioprocesses, in order to adapt said constraints to the data obtained during the characterization and prediction of the physiological state of cells subjected to these physical constraints.
- the invention relates to a device for the application of at least one physical constraint, more particularly at least one hydrodynamic constraint, to at least one cell in suspension and for the characterization of said cell during and/or after said application, the device comprising:
- microfluidic circuit comprising at least one segment, said segment comprising at least: i) a main channel configured for the circulation of a fluid containing said cell in suspension, ii) a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, iii) a means for introducing and establishing a flow of said fluid inside said channel, and
- said device according to the invention being characterized in that said at least one segment is configured for the application to said cell of at least one physical constraint chosen from:
- the term “for” as in particular in the expression “for the application of a physical constraint” means “configured for the application of a physical constraint”.
- the limits cited are considered to be part of said range of values.
- microfluidic circuit we mean a circuit intended to manipulate small volumes of fluids ( 10'18 to 10'3 liters) in channels whose diameter is between 5 pm and 3000 pm.
- fluid we mean a deformable medium suitable for circulation in a device according to the invention and for cell suspension.
- said fluid is chosen from Newtonian fluids, that is to say whose viscosity does not vary as a function of the shear stress.
- Said fluid has at least one of the following properties:
- nutrient elements assimilable by cells in suspension, such as in particular glucose, glutamine or a nutrient composition such as a culture medium.
- the fluid for the cell suspension is preferably chosen from Newtonian fluids, and in particular from:
- physiological buffers usually used for suspending cells, such as in particular PBS, HBSS; these buffers are optionally added with nutritional compounds such as a 0.5 to 6 g/l glucose solution and a 2 to 4 mM glutamine solution,
- - cell culture media such as in particular DMEM, EMEM, alpha-MEM,
- the cell concentration is preferably less than 100 million cells per mL, preferably between 0.01 and 10 million cells per mL.
- the cell volume preferably represents at most 30% of the total volume of the suspension fluid.
- the circulation of the reference fluid and the fluid in which the cells are suspended is achieved in a stable flow without pulsation.
- Said device is therefore configured for the application of at least one constraint to at least one cell suspended and moving in said device.
- the device is preferably designed to drive cells toward a microfluidic chip pursuing a defined current line.
- the intensity of the stress also designated by the expression “stress level” or “stress” in the figures
- the residence time under stress also designated by “duration application of the constraint” or “time” in the figures
- the pump(s) controls the flow rate and flow pattern.
- the pumps are preferably ultra high pressure pumps, up to 1.37xl0 5 kPa.
- the circulation of a fluid within a device according to the invention is initiated and maintained by means of any device adapted for this purpose well known to a person skilled in the art, such as a pump.
- the section of the channels can be constant or variable, this section can also be conical, for example in the form of nozzles.
- the presence of a conical section, increasing or decreasing, at the end of a channel imposes on the cells an additional constraint of capture and controlled release.
- the preferred diameter of the main channel is between 10 and 3000 pm.
- the channels are made of a material suitable for the circulation of a fluid subjected to a pressure of between 10' 3 and 10 6 kPa, and preferably between 1 and 10 4 kPa, and/or of a material suitable for the circulation of a fluid whose viscosity is between 1 and 2000 mPa.s.
- the capacitance of cells depends on their origin (clone, species, organ), their method of culture (number of doubling in culture, culture medium, environmental condition of the culture, i.e. agitation or not, temperature, pH) and their method of collection (trypsination, mechanical harvest).
- their method of culture number of doubling in culture, culture medium, environmental condition of the culture, i.e. agitation or not, temperature, pH
- their method of collection trypsination, mechanical harvest.
- the method of culturing the cells particularly in 2D or 3D, their culture in adherent or suspended form and the nature of the culture medium used influence the capacitance of the cells.
- the microfluidic circuit is constituted by a set of channels constituted by an appropriate material, in particular chosen from the following PEEK (PolyEtherEtherCetone), PVC (PolyVinyl Chloride), PTFE ( PolyTetraFluoroEthene), FEP (Fluorinated ethylene polypropylene), PDMS (PolyDimethylSiloxane) or steel.
- the microfluidic circuit is constituted by a microfluidic chip made of a material chosen from: PDMS, polyacrylate, SEBS (StyreneEthyleneButyleneStyrene), glass, polycarbonate or ceramic.
- a device according to the invention may comprise, according to particular embodiments, channels arranged in series and/or channels arranged in parallel.
- a fluid circulation rate in the channel considered for the characterization of the physical stress applied to the cells, between 0 and 5 ml/min, preferably between 0 and 1 ml/min and/or - a fluid circulation speed of between 5 pm/s and 300 m/s, and/or
- the total duration of presence of the cells in said channel is preferably between 1 ps and 10,000 s, preferably between 1 ps and 100 s, preferably between 1 ps and 1 s, preferably between 10 ps and 100 ms.
- sustained cell we mean any type of cell, animal or plant, prokaryotic or eukaryotic. Indeed, depending on the diameter of the channels and the magnification of the objective allowing image analysis, a device according to the invention makes it possible to characterize, for example, cells of bacteria, algae or fungi.
- the nucleic acid content of the cell in particular the quantity of DNA, the quantity of RNA, the nucleotide sequence of one or more nucleic acids, whether DNA or RNA.
- characterization of the cell we mean the definition of at least one characteristic of said cell. In the case where more than one cellular characteristic is defined, the characterization of said cell includes the definition of the combination of said characteristics.
- the characterization of the cells leads to the determination of the physiological state of the cells during or after the application of said at least one constraint.
- Physiology studies the role, functioning and mechanical, physical and biochemical organization of cells and their components, particularly cellular organelles.
- Physiology also studies the interactions between a cell and its environment.
- the determination of the physiological state of the cells includes in particular the state of differentiation and/or the determination of the nutritional functions; of proliferation and relationship, such as mobility and sensory functions.
- This physiological state is preferably chosen from the following: living cell, dead cell, lysed cell, necrotic cell, apoptotic cell, differentiated cell or undifferentiated cell, pathological cell or healthy cell.
- the physiological state of the cells after the application of at least one physical constraint can also be compared to the physiological state of the cells before the application of said physical constraint.
- the capacity of cells to undergo at least one physical constraint of determined intensity and duration while maintaining a physiological state compatible with subsequent use is defined as the “capacitance” of the cells.
- the invention particularly relates to a device configured for the application to said cell of at least one physical compressive stress, said device comprising at least one segment of type (A) comprising, or constituted by, a first channel joined, at the same level, by two channels, each making an angle of between 30 and 150 degrees with said first channel, this angle is also called “flow focusing angle”.
- A segment of type
- the intensity of the compressive stress applied to the cells is between 10' 3 and 10 3 kPa, preferably between 10' 3 and 10 2 kPa, preferably between 10' 3 and 10 kPa.
- Figure 1 schematically represents an example of a type A segment.
- the invention particularly relates to a device configured for the application to said cell of at least one hydrodynamic shear stress, said device comprising at least one type B segment comprising, or consisting of, a channel with a diameter of between 10 and 2000 pm, preferably between 20 and 200 pm.
- hydrodynamic shear stress we mean a mechanical stress applied parallel or tangential to the face of a material.
- the intensity of the shear stress applied to the cells is between 10' 3 and 10 5 kPa, preferably between 10' 3 and 10 4 kPa, preferably between 0.1 and 10 3 kPa.
- a hydrodynamic shear stress is applied in particular during the circulation of the cells in a capillary channel, the diameter of which is preferably between 10 and 2000 pm, preferably between 20 and 200 pm.
- Figure 1 schematically represents an example of a type B segment.
- the invention particularly relates to a device configured for the application to said cell of at least one physical extension constraint, said device comprising at least one type C segment comprising, or constituted by, i) a channel of increasing or decreasing section or ii) a first channel joined by a second in which the circulation of the fluid takes place in a different direction, preferably opposite, to that of the first channel.
- hydrodynamic extension constraint we mean the application of balanced forces towards the outside of the cells, or an elongation constraint.
- the intensity of the extension stress applied to the cells is between 10' 3 and 10 3 kPa, preferably between 10' 3 and 10 2 kPa, preferably between 10' 3 and 10 kPa.
- Figure 1 schematically represents an example of a type C segment.
- the invention particularly relates to a device configured for the application to said cell of at least one mechanical impact, said device comprising at least one D-type segment comprising, or constituted by, a first channel within which the path line of the cells encounters an obstacle, such as in particular the wall of a second channel.
- Figure 1 schematically represents an example of a type D segment.
- mechanical impact we mean any type of mechanical shock, such as for example a shock hitting a wall or an inertial collision on the surface.
- the intensity of the mechanical impact applied to the cells is between 1 and 300 m/s, preferably between 1 and 100 m/s, preferably between 1 and 10 m/s. s.
- the duration of the impact time is preferably less than 1 ps.
- a device for the application of at least one physical constraint and the characterization of at least one cell in suspension, comprises a microfluidic circuit comprising or consisting of:
- a device for the application of at least one physical constraint and the characterization of at least one cell in suspension, comprises a microfluidic circuit comprising or consisting of:
- a device according to the invention is in particular designed for the application of a sequence comprising one or more iterations of a physical constraint of the same nature, at a determined frequency and intensity, and/or for the application of a sequence of several physical constraints of different nature, at a determined frequency and intensity.
- the invention particularly relates to a device configured for the application to said cell of at least one sequence comprising, or consisting of, at least two successive physical constraints of different nature.
- the sequence can be repeated one, two, three or more times.
- the invention particularly relates to a device configured for the application to said cell of at least one sequence comprising, or consisting of, at least two successive physical constraints of the same nature.
- the device is configured for the application to said cell of a physical constraint repeated at least 1 time, at least twice, at least 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 times, or even more.
- FIG. 2 An example of this embodiment of a device according to the invention is schematized in Figure 2, which represents a device designed for the application to the cells of a large number of compressive stresses, separated by segments designed so that the cells are not subjected to stress. These physical stress sequences can be considered equivalent to the application of dynamic cell deformation. These are repetitions of the same constraint sequence.
- a device is characterized in that the total intensity of said at least one physical stress applied to the cell is between 10' 3 kPa and 10 5 kPa, preferably between 10' 3 kPa and 10 4 kPa, preferably between 0.1 kPa and 10 3 kPa, preferably between 1 kPa and 10 2 kPa.
- a device according to the invention is characterized in that the total duration of the application of said at least one physical constraint is between 1 ps and 10,000 s, preferably 1 ps and 100 s, preferably between 1 ps and 1 s, preferably 10 ps and 100 ms.
- the characterization of said at least one cell in suspension is carried out during the application to said cell of at least one physical constraint and/or after the application to said cell of at least one physical constraint.
- the characterization of said at least one cell in suspension is carried out during the application to said cell of at least one physical constraint.
- a device is characterized in that the characterization of said cell takes place after the application of said at least one constraint, this characterization is carried out for a period of between 0 and 120 days, preferably between 0 and 30 days, preferably between 0 and 1 day after the application of said at least one physical constraint.
- a device is characterized in that the characterization of said cell after the application of said at least one constraint comprises, or consists of, at least one punctual characterization or at least one characterization carried out for a duration comprised between 1 ps and 10000 s, preferably 1 ps and 100 s, preferably between 1 ps and 1 s, preferably 10 ps and 100 ms.
- a device is characterized in that the means for characterizing said at least one cell is chosen from: a cytometer, a microscope, means for analyzing the protein content of the cell, means for analyzing and sequencing the nucleic acids of said cell, and means for capturing an image and/or electrical signal, combined with means for signal analysis.
- a device according to the invention may comprise a microelectrode or a photodiode.
- a device is characterized in that said signal and/or image analysis means comprises, or is constituted by, a central computer unit comprising software means adapted for signal analysis and /or image.
- a device comprising a signal and/or image analysis means further comprises a first and/or a second classification model.
- the presence of at least a first and/or a second classification model has the advantage of accelerating the image analysis process and allowing real-time analysis.
- classification model we mean a machine learning algorithm previously trained, in particular during supervised learning, as well as a set of training data, allowing the training of said algorithm, and a set of data. 'assessment.
- a classification model may consist of a computer program, said computer program being able to be written in any suitable computer language known to a person skilled in the art. Said computer program can be implemented on a computer to generate a technical result. Examples of these technical results are described below.
- the training dataset may include a training set and a test set of the model.
- the model can thus be tested on the test base and the test set can be used to determine whether the training of the model is satisfactory or not.
- the training game and the test game may be different.
- the test set may correspond to part of the training set.
- a device comprising an image analysis means further comprises a first classification model, previously trained with a training data set, and comprising a supervised automatic learning algorithm, not -supervised or semi-supervised.
- Said first classification model is suitable for predicting the physiological state of a given cell from at least one characteristic of said cell.
- the input data are images with objects.
- the output data are objects with a label: a percentage of membership in a specific class.
- the training algorithm is at least 10 epochs, the loss calculation is cross entropy, and the optimizer is Adam (enhanced gradient descent).
- the model is transfer learning with YOLO, the nature of the network is a supervised model (1733 cell images / 1733 annotations).
- the model preferably includes 106 convolutional layers.
- the functions performed in a neuron are: convolution, addition, softmax, “up sampling”. Neural/layer connections are made.
- the training data set may comprise a multitude of data pairs, each of the data pairs comprising a first piece of data representing at least one characteristic of said cell and a second piece of data representing a physiological state of said cell.
- the training data set can be previously constituted from data obtained in the laboratory by analysis of the characteristics of cells whose physiological state has been determined.
- Said first classification model can in particular be implemented on a computer to generate a technical result consisting, for example, of a classification of a cell according to its characteristics.
- Said first classification model makes it possible to generate a three-dimensional diagram, representing, for example, for a given cell:
- the physiological state of the cells that is to say cell viability, necrosis, apoptosis or lysis, expressed as a percentage, or the differentiated or undifferentiated character.
- a device comprises an image analysis means
- said image analysis means further comprises a second classification model, previously trained with a set of training data , and comprising a supervised, unsupervised or semi-supervised machine learning algorithm, said second classification model being adapted for the detection and monitoring of the deformation of a given cell, in response to at least one physical constraint.
- Said first classification model can in particular be implemented on a computer to generate a technical result consisting, for example, of monitoring the morphological evolution of a cell according to different applications of physical constraints.
- said second classification model uses at least one neural network whose functions are as follows: i) Locate and isolate the cell from said image ii) Validate the presence of a single cell iii) Improve the quality of the image then process the image by applying a mask to the cell and determining its outline, iv) position and measure the major and minor axes of the ellipse describing the outline of the cell. The deformation being defined as the ratio between the major axis and the minor axis.
- the second classification model comprises: input data 440 images of cells cut out and adjusted to gray level, output data: binary segmentation mask.
- the training data includes 420 training images.
- For the training algorithm at least 10 epochs are required, the loss calculation is cross entropy and the optimizer is Adam (improved gradient descent).
- the nature of the network is U-Net.
- the number of layers is: 5 contraction layers, 5 expansion layers, or 10 in total.
- the functions performed in a neuron are: 2D convolution between image and filter, i.e. compress the image, extract the feature vector which contains the object of interest and decompress the image.
- the neuron/layer connections are characterized in that the layers are composed of two convolutions, both followed by activation functions (ReLU).
- FIG. 3 An example of locating and isolating a cell is shown in Figure 3.
- FIG. 4 An example of positioning and measuring the major axis and the minor axis of the ellipse is shown in Figure 4.
- said second classification model has reached a satisfactory level of learning on all the profiles of the test set if the classification notably achieves a minimum Fl score of 65%, preferably at least 80%.
- the invention relates to a method for applying at least one physical constraint of determined intensity and duration to at least one cell in suspension, and for the characterization of said cell after said application, the method comprising the following steps: a) depositing and circulating a fluid containing said at least one cell suspended in a microfluidic circuit comprising at least one segment , said segment comprising at least: i) a main channel configured for the circulation of a fluid containing said cell, ii) a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, iii) means for introducing and establishing a flow of said fluid at the inside said channel, and b) the characterization of said cell after the application of said at least one constraint, a method according to the invention is characterized in that said at least one segment is configured for application to said cell d 'at least one physical constraint chosen from:
- a method according to the invention particularly concerns the application of a physical constraint and the characterization of at least one cell in suspension, said characterization concerns at least one of the following aspects: the size, shape, appearance of the membrane external, the appearance of the cytoplasm, the presence of at least one marker on the surface of the cell, the protein content of the cell and the nucleic acid content of the cell.
- the subject of the invention is a method according to the invention comprising the application of at least one physical constraint to at least one cell in suspension, said physical constraint being characterized in that the cell is subjected to:
- At least one mechanical impact of intensity between 1 and 300 m/s, preferably between 1 and 100 m/s, preferably between 1 and 10 m/s and/or for a duration of less than 1 ps and/or
- At least one shear stress of intensity between 10' 3 kPa and 10 5 kPa, preferably between 10' 3 kPa and 10 4 kPa, preferably between 0.1 kPa and 10 3 kPa, preferably between 1 kPa and 10 2 kPa and/or for a duration of between 1 ps and 10,000 s, preferably between 1 ps and 100 s, preferably between 10 ps and 1 s, and/or
- At least one compressive stress of intensity between 10' 3 kPa and 10 5 kPa, preferably between 10' 3 kPa and 10 4 kPa, preferably between 0.1 kPa and 10 3 kPa, preferably between 1 kPa and 10 2 kPa and/or for a duration of between 1 ps and 10 s, preferably between 1 ps and 1 s, preferably between 10 ps and 10 ms and/or
- At least one extension stress of intensity between 10' 3 kPa and 10 5 kPa, preferably between 10' 3 kPa and 10 4 kPa, preferably between 0.1 kPa and 10 3 kPa, preferably between 1 kPa and 10 2 kPa and/or for a duration of between 1 ps and 10 s, preferably between 1 ps and 1 s, preferably between 10 ps and 10 ms.
- the parameters i) of fluid flow and ii) of the viscosity of the fluid are chosen in order to reproduce the stress intensities and the residence time reproducing the stresses which are felt by the cells during a particular bioprocess.
- a current line is generated.
- the cell follows the streamline developed by the movement of the fluid and its interaction with the channel geometry.
- the fluid flow rate is between 10' 3 and 10 ml/min, preferably between 10' 3 and 1 ml/min.
- the residence time of the cells is between 1 ps and 10,000 s, preferably between 1 ps and 1 s, preferably between 10 ps and 100 ms.
- the subject of the invention is a method according to the invention comprising the application of at least one physical constraint to at least one cell in suspension, then the characterization of said cell, the method further comprising a prediction step of the physiological state of a cell by a first classification model previously trained, based on the characteristics determined during step b).
- the invention also relates to a method according to the invention comprising the application of at least one physical constraint to at least one cell in suspension, then the characterization of said cell, the method further comprising a step of prediction of the physiological state of a cell by a first classification model previously trained, from the characteristics determined during step b), said first classification model comprising: an automatic learning algorithm, a neural network supervised, semi-supervised or unsupervised learning, previously trained with a training dataset.
- the invention also relates to a method according to the invention further comprising a step of monitoring the deformation of a cell at different times of its stay in said microfluidic channel, by a second previously trained classification model, from the characteristics determined in step b).
- the invention also relates to a classification model, previously trained on a set of learning data to predict, in a method according to the invention, a physiological state of a cell after the application of 'at least one physical constraint.
- the subject of the invention is the use of a device or a method according to the invention, or of a classification model according to the invention for the characterization of cells of the following type: prokaryotic cell , eukaryotic cell, animal cell, plant cell, human cell, stem cell, epithelial cell, fibroblast, blood cell, genetically modified cell or synthetic cell mimic.
- the subject of the invention is the use of a device or a method according to the invention, or of a classification model according to the invention for determining the "capacitance" of 'a cell.
- the subject of the invention is the use of a device or a method according to the invention, or of a classification model according to the invention for the definition of at least one parameter of a bioprocess.
- the subject of the invention is the use of a device or a method according to the invention, or of a classification model according to the invention for the definition of at least one parameter of a bioprocess chosen from: bioprinting, cell therapy and bioproduction.
- Figure 1 is a schematic representation of example segments A, B, C and D.
- Figure 2 is a schematic representation of an example of a device in which several types of physical constraints are applied to the cells, here a sequence of shear and elongation stresses.
- the bottom graph represents a magnification of the top graph.
- the cell undergoes repeated stress. This type of stress can also be defined as dynamic deformation, or oscillatory deformation.
- Figure 3 shows the steps for isolating a cell.
- Figure 4 shows the measurement of the minor axis and the major axis of the ellipse.
- Figure 5 in Example 2, represents the viability state of human AD-MSC mesenchymal stem cells after application of shear stresses of variable intensity and duration.
- the percentage of cells in a particular physiological state is given as a function of the application duration (time) expressed in seconds and the intensity (stress) expressed in Pa, of the shear stress.
- Figure 5 thus represents the percentage of viable cells (frame A), lysed cells (frame B), necrotic cells (frame C) and cells in apoptosis (frame D).
- Figure 6 in Example 3 represents the state of viability of fibroblast cells after application of a shear stress.
- the fibroblasts are characterized after the application of shear stresses of varying intensity and duration.
- the percentage of cells in a particular physiological state is given as a function of the application duration (time), expressed in seconds, and the intensity (stress), expressed in Pa, of the shear stress.
- Figure 6 thus represents the percentage of cells that are viable (frame A), lysed (frame B), necrotic (frame C) or in apoptosis (frame D).
- Figure 7 in Example 4 represents the proportion of undifferentiated AD-MSC stem cells (white circle) and differentiated cells (black circle) after application of a shear stress, as a function of the duration of application (time), expressed in seconds, and the intensity (stress), expressed in Pa of the shear stress.
- Figure 8 in Example 5, represents the viability state of HEK293T cells after application of an elongation stress.
- HEK293T cells are characterized after the application of elongation stresses of variable intensity and duration.
- the percentage of cells in a particular physiological state is given as a function of the duration of application (time), expressed in seconds, and the intensity (stress), expressed in Pa, of the elongation stress.
- Figure 8 thus represents the percentage of cells in apoptosis (frame A), viable (frame B), necrosis (frame C) or lysed (frame D).
- Figure 9 in Example 6 represents the state of viability of fibroblast cells after application of a shear stress, the viability being measured by cytometry (histogram bars) or by trypan blue staining (black circles) .
- Figure 10, in Example 7 represents the viability state of HEK293T cells after application of shear stresses of variable intensity and duration. The percentage of viable cells, measured by trypan blue staining, is given as a function of the duration of application (time) expressed in seconds, and the intensity (stress), expressed in Pa, of the shear stress. The percentage of viable cells is expressed after a small number of passages (HEK293T P07, white triangles) or after a higher number of passages (HEK293T P18, black circles).
- Figure 11 in example 8, represents the state of viability of fibroblast cells after application of shear stresses of variable intensity and duration, according to two series of measurements carried out on the same sample of cells (P06), represented respectively by white triangles and black circles.
- P06 designates the 6th generation of cell culture passage.
- Figure 12 in Example 9 represents in three dimensions and on a logarithmic scale the percentage of cell viability as a function of the intensity of a hydrodynamic stress and the residence time.
- Figure 13 in Example 9 represents in two dimensions the percentage of viability of fibroblasts on the ordinate axis, as a function of the intensity of a hydrodynamic shear stress, on the abscissa axis, and the residence time, represented according to the dot pattern.
- Figure 14 in Example 9 represents in two dimensions the percentage of cell viability as a function of the intensity of a hydrodynamic stress and the residence time.
- Figure 15 in Example 10 is a histogram representing cell viability as a function of shear stress intensity, in kPa. For each stress intensity, the viability value was measured after several experiments.
- Figure 16 in example 10 is a graphical representation of the standard deviation (light bar), the standard error (black bar) and the coefficient of variation (gray bar) of the different measurements, as a function of the intensity of the shear stress, in kPa.
- Figure 17 in Example 10 is a histogram representing the percentage of cell viability as a function of the intensity of the shear stress, in kPa.
- Figure 18, in example 11, represents: i) on the left, the percentage of cell viability of different cell types as a function of the intensity of the hydrodynamic stress applied, in kPa, ii) on the right, for each of the cells studied, the percentage of cell viability as a function of the hydrodynamic stress that is applied.
- Figure 19 in Example 12 represents the percentage of cell viability of the cells as a function of the intensity of the applied shear stress, in kPa.
- the symbols P07 (round), P08 (square), P09 (triangle) and P10 (star) represent the percentage of cell viability of cells defined according to the number of passages of the cell in culture.
- Figure 20 in Example 12 represents the percentage of cell viability of the cells as a function of the intensity of the applied shear stress, in kPa.
- P09, P10 and Pli represent the percentage of cell viability of cells defined according to the number of passages of the cell in culture.
- Figure 21, in example 13 represents the succession of the same hydrodynamic stress.
- Figure 22 in Example 13 represents the percentage of cellular viability of the cells as a function of the intensity of the hydrodynamic stress applied, in kPa.
- Figure 23, in example 13, represents the percentage of cellular viability of the cells as a function of number of cycles of application of the stress, for a stress of 0.2 kPa.
- Figure 24, in example 14, represents in images the steps of locating and isolating a cell from an original image.
- Figure 25, in example 15, represents in images the steps of detecting the axes of a cell from an original image.
- Figure 26, in example 15, represents the deformability of a cell as a function of its initial diameter, under the effect of a shear stress.
- Figure 27, in example 15, represents the deformability of a cell as a function of its initial diameter, under the effect of mechanical impact stress.
- Figure 28 in example 16, schematically represents an “autoencoder” type neural network with an example of transformation of an initial image (input) into a final image (output) after processing by this network.
- Figure 29, in example 16 represents the differences in image processing by the supervised network (U-net) of an initial image preprocessed or not by a non-network.
- supervised autoencoder
- line 1 represents the results without application of an autoencoder
- line 2 represents the results with application of a “variational autoencoder”
- line 3 represents the results with application of a “denoising autoencoder”.
- Figures 30 A and 30 B, in example 17, represent the contour results after application of the different neural networks and the associated metrics, then the difference in calculation of deformability compared to a contour made manually (Control at 0 ).
- Figure 31 in Example 18 represents a classification result of three cells with, from left to right, a necrotic cell, an apoptotic cell and a living cell.
- Example 1 Materials and methods for the characterization of cells after the application of a physical constraint
- the AD-MSCs cells are cultured in the culture medium sold under the name MSC-Growth, with a seeding concentration of around 2500 cells per cm 2 .
- the medium was changed every two days. In order to have a confluence of 70%, the cells spent seven days of incubation in a flask of T175.
- the fibroblast cells are cultured in the culture medium sold under the name DMEM GLUTAMAX - Gibco, with a seeding concentration of around 5500 cells per cm 2 . In order to have a confluence of 80%, the cells spent seven days of incubation in a flask of T175.
- the HEK293T cells are cultured in the culture medium sold under the name DMEM GLUTAMAX - Gibco with a seeding concentration of around 12,000 cells per cm 2 .
- the cells spent four days of incubation in a flask of T175. During the incubation period, the temperature is maintained at 37°C and the CO2 concentration is around 5%.
- the culture medium was removed.
- the cells attached to the flask are rinsed with 15 ml of PBS.
- 5 ml of Trypsin-EDTA 0.5% was added to the flask.
- the duration of trypsin application was two minutes at 37°C, then 10ml of culture medium containing the serum of fetal calf were added to the flask, in order to stop the reaction.
- the suspension was placed in a tube and centrifuged at 1200 rpm/210 g for 5 minutes.
- the fluid was removed and the cells were suspended in a solution of PBS and Ficoll at a concentration of one million per ml.
- the microfluidic device for shear stress consists of a PDMS microfluidic channel with a diameter of 50 micrometers and a length of 10 cm.
- the cells were suspended in a fluid (a solution of PBS and Ficoll) whose viscosity was 1.91 mPa.s.
- the microfluidic device for elongational stress consists of a main microfluidic channel with a diameter of 162 micrometers and a length of 1 cm.
- the channel section first decreases from 162 to 30 micrometers and then increases from 30 to 162 micrometers. This change in section takes place over a distance of 360 micrometers.
- the viscosity of the suspending fluid (a solution of PBS and Ficoll with a volumetric consistency of 60% of Ficoll) is 1.91 mPa.s.
- the cell suspension and the cell-free fluid are injected into the device using syringe pumps and 3 mm diameter PEEK pipes.
- Cells are injected into the device at a flow rate of between 25 and 800 microliters per minute. Measurements and cell harvesting are performed after hydrodynamic stability within the system has been achieved.
- the cells After passing through the constraint zone, the cells were harvested.
- the suspension of the harvested cells is centrifuged to remove the suspending fluid (the Ficoll and PBS solution) and replace it with the marking buffer.
- the cells are marked with annexin V, a marker for apoptotic cells, or propidium iodide, a marker for necrotic cells.
- annexin V a marker for apoptotic cells
- propidium iodide a marker for necrotic cells.
- a population of 100,000 cells corresponding to each injection rate was suspended in 100 microliters of marking buffer.
- 2 microliters of annexin V marker and 2 microliters of propidium iodide were added to the buffer.
- the cell suspension with viability markers was incubated for 15 minutes in a dark place. Then, the cells were centrifuged and rinsed with the labeling buffer.
- the kit contains the positive hMSC markers: CD90, CD105, CD73 and CD 44 and the negative hMSC markers: CD34, CDllb, CD19, CD45 and HLA-DR.
- FBS BD Stain Buffer
- the cells were suspended in 100 microliters of BD Stain Buffer (FBS), then 5 microliters of each positive marker and 20 microliters of each negative marker were added to the buffer. The cell suspension with the markers was incubated for 15 minutes in a dark place. Then, the cells were centrifuged and rinsed with the labeling buffer.
- the cells are studied by cytometry (FACS Canto II) and characterized according to their state: viable cell, lysis, necrosis, apoptosis or stem character. Each measurement point corresponds to an analysis of at least 50,000 cells.
- the model is a mathematical expression that makes a relationship between parameters, for example a polynomial expression, a power law, a sum of sines or other 2D or 3D mathematical expressions.
- a power law of the form y ax k + c which establishes a relationship between x and y.
- a is a proportionality constant
- k is the exponent
- c is the error term.
- Example 2 Characterization of the viability state of AD-MSCs stem cells after the application of a shear stress
- AD-MDCs stem cells were cultured then subjected to shear stress of varying intensity and duration. After application of these stresses, the viability state of the cells is characterized as a function of the intensity of the shear stress and the residence time of the cells under stress. The characterization of the physiological state (viable, lysis, necrosis or apoptosis) of the cells was carried out as described in Example 1.
- AD-MSC mesenchymal stem cells are sensitive to the intensity of the shear stress and the residence time under the stress.
- AD-MSC cells have a mechanical capacitance against stress of approximately 1000 Pa with a residence time of approximately 0.25 s. Beyond these values, AD-MSC stem cells can no longer withstand the stress and suffer mortality. The mortality pathway by lysis or necrosis is the most present, however the level of apoptosis is negligible in this range of stress and residence times.
- Example 3 Physiological state of fibroblasts after application of shear stress
- Fibroblast cells were cultured and then cell samples were subjected to shear stress of varying intensity and duration. After application of these constraints, the character of viability or lysis, necrosis or apoptosis of the cells was determined as described in Example 1.
- Example 4 State of differentiation of human AD-MSC mesenchymal stem cells after application of shear stress
- AD-MSC stem cells were cultured as indicated in Example 1.
- the AD-MSC stem cells were characterized by cytometry to confirm their stem characters before the application of a shear stress of intensity and of varying duration.
- the cells After passing through the constraint zone, the cells are harvested and resuspended in a DMEM (+) culture medium. The state of differentiation was characterized after their return to culture. Seeding was carried out at 80% of the confluence. After three weeks of incubation, the cells were harvested, labeled using the “BD Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Analysis Kit (BDB562245)” and analyzed by flow cytometry (FACS Canto II). Each measurement point corresponds to a minimum of 30,000 cells.
- the characterization was carried out by flow cytometry which here makes it possible to identify the state of the cells after application of the constraint in a binary manner: differentiated or non-differentiated. The cytometer characterization procedure was carried out as indicated in Example 1.
- Example 5 Viability state of HEK293T cells after application of an elongation stress
- HEK293T cells were cultured and then cell samples were subjected to elongation stresses of varying intensity and duration. After application of these constraints, the character of viability or lysis, necrosis or apoptosis of the cells was determined as described in Example 1.
- Example 6 State of viability of fibroblast cells after application of shear stress, as measured by two protocols
- Cells were harvested after passing through the stress zone. Then they were divided into two batches to be analyzed by cytometry and Trypan Blue. For analysis by cytometry, the batch was marked with the markers Annexin V and propidium iodide. Subsequently, the labeled cells were analyzed by the cytometer. Each measurement point corresponds to a minimum of 50,000 cells. For Trypan Blue analysis, the batch of cells was mixed with Trypan Blue. Three counts on the entire surface of the Malassez slide were carried out. The error bar corresponds to these three counts. The results are presented in Figure 6.
- Example 7 Viability state of HEK293T cells after application of shear stress
- HEK293T cells were cultured and then cell samples were subjected to shear stress of varying intensity and duration, as described in Example 1.
- the HEK293T cells were harvested after passing through the stress zone, then were mixed with Trypan Blue. Three counts on the entire surface of the Malassez slide were carried out. The value corresponds to the average of these three counts.
- Example 9 Mechanical capacity of cells as a function of stress intensity and residence time under stress
- Residence time is defined as the period during which cells are exposed to hydrodynamic stress.
- the stress is maintained at a constant intensity, while the residence time depends on the flow rate and the viscosities in which the cells are suspended. This approach makes it possible to decouple the two parameters and study their effect independently.
- Fibroblasts were suspended in fluids with a viscosity of 1, 5, 10, 15, or 20 mPa ⁇ s and injected through the microfluidic capillary tube with a flow rate between 117 and 942 ⁇ l/min. This configuration covered the shear stress intensity in a range between 0.16 and 25.59 kPa and a residence time between 12.5 and 100.7 ms.
- Figure 12 and Figure 13 show a map of the cell viability of fibroblasts as a function of stress intensity and residence time. These two figures represent the same data with a 3D and 2D view and linear and logarithmic scales. The white points are the experimental data and the surface is the mathematical model fit. It is observed that in the indicated ranges, for a given residence time, by increasing the intensity of the stress, cell viability is reduced. However, for a constant stress intensity, cell viability is independent of residence time.
- Figure 14 depicts fibroblast viability only as a function of stress intensity, while shades of gray identify residence time.
- the intensity of the stress and the residence time are completely decoupled.
- MDCK Meth-Darby Canine Kidney
- AD- MSC Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell
- WJ-MSC Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells
- BM-MSC Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell
- human dermal fibroblasts Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC), Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), Human embryonic kidney 293T cells (HEK293T) and Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK).
- AD- MSC Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell
- WJ-MSC Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells
- BM-MSC Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell
- human dermal fibroblasts Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC), Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), Human embryonic kidney 293T cells (HEK293T) and Madin-Darby canine kidney
- the cells were suspended in two fluids with a viscosity of 1 and 5 mPa.s and injected through a microfluidic channel of 50 ⁇ m in diameter with a flow rate ranging from 85 to 942 ⁇ l/min and subjected to a stress of shear from 0.11 to 6.4 kPa.
- the collected cells were labeled with propidium iodide and analyzed by cytometry to quantify the necrotic cell population induced by shear stress.
- the fibroblast cells were injected without passing through the microfluidic channel and were analyzed by cytometry. .
- Figure 18 depicts the viability of cell lines after application of shear stress.
- the points are the experimental data and the lines are the fitting curves.
- Such a profile of evolution of cell viability can be described as having two phases.
- cell viability shows a plateau up to a certain shear stress limit, that is, the ability of cells to withstand shear stress.
- cell viability deteriorates and undergoes a sharp reduction which can reach less than 5% of viable cells.
- the viability varies by less than 5% compared to the unsheared control cell population.
- AD-MSC 0.64 kPa
- WJ-MSC 0, 35 kPa
- BM-MSC 0.48 kPa
- fibroblasts 0.64 kPa
- HUVEC 0.32 kPa
- HEK293T 0.43 KPa.
- Example 12 Evolution of mechanical capacity with aging of the cell and incubation time
- fibroblasts were subcultured (passaged) once a week and subjected to a shear stress. The experiments were continued for four passages, from P07 to P10. Passage is the process of subculture of animal cells, by “P07” we mean the 7th generation of passage of cells in culture. Subcultural practices were strictly identical between the different passages. The viability of fibroblast cells after being subjected to several intensities of shear stress was measured for each passage number by flow cytometry. Cells were suspended in fluids with viscosities of 1 and 5 mPa.s and then exposed to shear stress between 0.159 and 6.14 kPa. The flow rate was in the range of 117 to 942 ul/min for both suspension fluids.
- Figure 19 shows that sequential subculture practices do not affect the mechanical capacity of fibroblasts to shear stress. In fact, they have a similar mechanical capacity regardless of their number of passages. Up to the shear stress which corresponds to the mechanical capacity of the cell 0.577 kPa, the viability of the fibroblasts is not affected (96%), while the control viability is 97%. In the range from 0.639 kPa to 4.78 kPa, the viability degrades sharply from 92% to 5% and reaches a plateau below 5%.
- HEK293T cells were subcultured twice per week from passage number P09 to Pli. Therefore, the duration of cell growth alternates between 3 and 4 days between successive subcultures.
- Cells were suspended in fluids with viscosities of 1 and 5 mPa.s and then exposed to shear stress in the range of 0.11 to 6.4 kPa. The flow rate was in the range of 85 to 942 ul/min for both suspension fluids. Cell viability was analyzed by cytometry.
- the mechanical capacity of HEK293T cells is affected by varying the incubation period for successive cell subcultures.
- the incubation period before the application of the constraint and before the measurement is 3 or 4 days.
- HEK293T having an incubation period of 3 days demonstrates a mechanical capacity of 0.516 kPa, while HEK293T cells having a longer incubation period suffered a weakening of the mechanical capacity which is 0.319 kPa.
- AD-MSCs cells were suspended in a fluid with a viscosity of 1 mPa.s and exposed to hydrodynamic and repeated stresses.
- This type of constraint is defined as a succession of the same constraint in a cyclical manner.
- Figure 21 shows this succession.
- the cells undergo shear stress, then they enter a no-shear zone and then they are sheared.
- This cycle was carried out for a batch of cells, with a number of cycles equal to 77, 154, 231, 308, 385 and 462, with a constraint of 0.2 kPa.
- This stress is lower than the mechanical capacity of the cells, 0.6 kPa, as shown in Figure 22.
- the cells after being exposed to the different numbers of cycles, were analyzed by a flow cytometer to determine cell viability.
- Figure 23 represents a cyclic stress below the mechanical capacity of the AD-MSC cell, it does not affect cell viability.
- the localization and isolation of the cell are carried out using an algorithm from the original images taken by the high-speed camera. They consist firstly of creating a mask to reduce the size of the original image by superposition. Secondly, image processing functions such as erosion and dilation are applied to reduce the background noise of the images and reveal the location of the cell in a more contrasting manner. Then, isolation is carried out by definition of the region of interest (ROI) ( Figure 24).
- ROI region of interest
- Example 15 Positioning and measuring the minor and major axes
- the positioning and measurement of the minor and major axes are carried out using a supervised learning model.
- the first step consists of applying the supervised model (here U-Net) to the resulting cell photo in Figure 24. This makes it possible to identify the size and shape of the cell.
- an “edge extraction” type image processing function is carried out in order to position the contour of the cell on the image from Figure 24.
- the minor and major axes are measured, the major axis being the largest diameter and the minor axis being the smallest diameter.
- Example 16 Improvement of image quality using an unsupervised model
- Example 17 Improvement of cell detection and deformability measurements by coupling an unsupervised and supervised model
- the improvement in the measurement is described by subtracting the deformability measurement compared to a standard manual approach. That is, each image was processed by the user without image processing or application of a learning model.
- Example 18 Prediction of the physiological state of a cell by a classification model using supervised learning.
- a supervised learning model can be used to classify the physiological state of the cell by image analysis.
- the example shows a classification result of 3 cells annotated as necrotic (A), apoptotic (B) and alive (C).
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- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Immobilizing And Processing Of Enzymes And Microorganisms (AREA)
Abstract
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Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23776354.5A EP4591044A1 (fr) | 2022-09-23 | 2023-09-22 | Titre : dispositif et procede pour la caracterisation de cellules soumises a une contrainte physique |
| JP2025517604A JP2025536452A (ja) | 2022-09-23 | 2023-09-22 | 物理的応力を受けた細胞を特徴付ける装置及び方法 |
| KR1020257012784A KR20250075622A (ko) | 2022-09-23 | 2023-09-22 | 물리적 응력을 받은 세포를 특성화하기 위한 장치 및 방법 |
| CN202380068365.5A CN120225856A (zh) | 2022-09-23 | 2023-09-22 | 用于表征受到物理应力的细胞的设备和方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FRFR2209653 | 2022-09-23 | ||
| FR2209653A FR3140171A1 (fr) | 2022-09-23 | 2022-09-23 | Dispositif et procede pour la caracterisation de cellules soumises a une contrainte physique |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2024062094A1 true WO2024062094A1 (fr) | 2024-03-28 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2023/076210 Ceased WO2024062094A1 (fr) | 2022-09-23 | 2023-09-22 | Titre : dispositif et procede pour la caracterisation de cellules soumises a une contrainte physique |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4591044A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2025536452A (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20250075622A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN120225856A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3140171A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024062094A1 (fr) |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20100041128A1 (en) * | 2008-01-08 | 2010-02-18 | Medtrain Technologies, Llc | Microfluidic Device for Application of Shear Stress and Tensile Strain |
| WO2015024690A1 (fr) | 2013-08-23 | 2015-02-26 | Technische Universität Dresden | Appareil et procédé permettant de déterminer les propriétés mécaniques de cellules |
| KR20170062191A (ko) * | 2015-11-27 | 2017-06-07 | 아주대학교산학협력단 | 세포손상 분석용 미세유체소자 및 이를 활용한 세포손상 분석방법 |
| WO2019006188A1 (fr) | 2017-06-30 | 2019-01-03 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Cytométrie de déformabilité quantitative : mesures rapides et étalonnées de propriétés mécaniques cellulaires |
| WO2020117856A1 (fr) * | 2018-12-04 | 2020-06-11 | Cellfe, Inc. | Procédés et systèmes pour l'administration intercellulaire |
| EP3796212A1 (fr) | 2019-09-23 | 2021-03-24 | Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. | Dispositif de classification de cellules basée sur des images, procédé correspondant et son utilisation |
| US20220032304A1 (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2022-02-03 | Konkuk University Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation | Microfluidic system, method for inhibiting, delaying, or reversing cellular senescence using microfluidic system, and cell obtained therefrom |
-
2022
- 2022-09-23 FR FR2209653A patent/FR3140171A1/fr active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-09-22 JP JP2025517604A patent/JP2025536452A/ja active Pending
- 2023-09-22 CN CN202380068365.5A patent/CN120225856A/zh active Pending
- 2023-09-22 KR KR1020257012784A patent/KR20250075622A/ko active Pending
- 2023-09-22 WO PCT/EP2023/076210 patent/WO2024062094A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2023-09-22 EP EP23776354.5A patent/EP4591044A1/fr active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20100041128A1 (en) * | 2008-01-08 | 2010-02-18 | Medtrain Technologies, Llc | Microfluidic Device for Application of Shear Stress and Tensile Strain |
| WO2015024690A1 (fr) | 2013-08-23 | 2015-02-26 | Technische Universität Dresden | Appareil et procédé permettant de déterminer les propriétés mécaniques de cellules |
| KR20170062191A (ko) * | 2015-11-27 | 2017-06-07 | 아주대학교산학협력단 | 세포손상 분석용 미세유체소자 및 이를 활용한 세포손상 분석방법 |
| WO2019006188A1 (fr) | 2017-06-30 | 2019-01-03 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Cytométrie de déformabilité quantitative : mesures rapides et étalonnées de propriétés mécaniques cellulaires |
| WO2020117856A1 (fr) * | 2018-12-04 | 2020-06-11 | Cellfe, Inc. | Procédés et systèmes pour l'administration intercellulaire |
| EP3796212A1 (fr) | 2019-09-23 | 2021-03-24 | Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. | Dispositif de classification de cellules basée sur des images, procédé correspondant et son utilisation |
| US20220032304A1 (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2022-02-03 | Konkuk University Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation | Microfluidic system, method for inhibiting, delaying, or reversing cellular senescence using microfluidic system, and cell obtained therefrom |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| KIM ET AL: "Microfluidic biomechanical device for compressive cell stimulation and lysis", SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B: CHEMICAL, ELSEVIER BV, NL, vol. 128, no. 1, 7 November 2007 (2007-11-07), pages 108 - 116, XP022335650, ISSN: 0925-4005, DOI: 10.1016/J.SNB.2007.05.050 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN120225856A (zh) | 2025-06-27 |
| FR3140171A1 (fr) | 2024-03-29 |
| EP4591044A1 (fr) | 2025-07-30 |
| JP2025536452A (ja) | 2025-11-06 |
| KR20250075622A (ko) | 2025-05-28 |
| CN120225856A9 (zh) | 2025-07-29 |
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