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WO2024060782A1 - 一种光交换引擎及相关设备和方法 - Google Patents

一种光交换引擎及相关设备和方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024060782A1
WO2024060782A1 PCT/CN2023/105198 CN2023105198W WO2024060782A1 WO 2024060782 A1 WO2024060782 A1 WO 2024060782A1 CN 2023105198 W CN2023105198 W CN 2023105198W WO 2024060782 A1 WO2024060782 A1 WO 2024060782A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
modulator
optical signal
polarization state
target optical
target
Prior art date
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2023/105198
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴亮
宗良佳
叶亚斌
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Publication of WO2024060782A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024060782A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
    • G02B6/354—Switching arrangements, i.e. number of input/output ports and interconnection types
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/27—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/27—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means
    • G02B6/2753—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means characterised by their function or use, i.e. of the complete device
    • G02B6/2766—Manipulating the plane of polarisation from one input polarisation to another output polarisation, e.g. polarisation rotators, linear to circular polarisation converters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29379—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device
    • G02B6/2938—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device for multiplexing or demultiplexing, i.e. combining or separating wavelengths, e.g. 1xN, NxM
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
    • G02B6/354—Switching arrangements, i.e. number of input/output ports and interconnection types
    • G02B6/3544—2D constellations, i.e. with switching elements and switched beams located in a plane
    • G02B6/3546—NxM switch, i.e. a regular array of switches elements of matrix type constellation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
    • G02B6/354—Switching arrangements, i.e. number of input/output ports and interconnection types
    • G02B6/356—Switching arrangements, i.e. number of input/output ports and interconnection types in an optical cross-connect device, e.g. routing and switching aspects of interconnecting different paths propagating different wavelengths to (re)configure the various input and output links
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
    • H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of optical switching, and in particular, to an optical switching engine and related equipment and methods.
  • ROADM Reconfiguration Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer
  • OXC Optical Cross-Connect
  • WSS wavelength selective switches
  • the WSS module can independently allocate any wavelength in the wavelength division multiplexing signal of the input port to any output port, without the need for electro-optical/photoelectric conversion, and directly switches and routes the optical signals of network nodes at the optical layer.
  • LCOS Liquid Crystal on Silicon
  • the deflection direction of the beam passing through LCOS can be changed, thereby switching the output port of the beam.
  • part of the beam may be transmitted to the non-target port, causing crosstalk.
  • multiple intermediate phase images are usually inserted between the initial state phase image and the final state phase image of LCOS to make the phase changes during the switching process controllable and avoid crosstalk.
  • inserting multiple intermediate phase diagrams will cause the switching time to become longer, affecting the switching speed of the optical switching engine.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide an optical switching engine and related equipment and methods to ensure that there will be no crosstalk when switching ports, and to shorten the time required to switch ports.
  • inventions of the present application provide an optical switching engine.
  • the optical switching engine includes a first modulator and a second modulator, and the target optical signal from the input port in the port component is transmitted to the optical switching engine.
  • the first modulator is used to receive the target optical signal. If the optical switching engine is in the first working state, the first modulator is used to transmit the target optical signal to the second modulator, and the second modulator is used to adjust the deflection direction of the target optical signal so that the target optical signal is directed toward the first port component. Output port transmission. If the optical switching engine is in a switching state, the first modulator is used to modulate the target optical signal so that the target optical signal is transmitted in other directions except the port component.
  • the first modulator is used to transmit the target optical signal to the second modulator
  • the second modulator is used to adjust the deflection direction of the target optical signal so that the target optical signal is directed toward the second port assembly. Output port transmission.
  • the optical switching engine includes two layers of modulators, and the optical switching engine has two states, one is a working state, and the other is a switching state.
  • the working state includes different working states such as a first working state and a second working state.
  • the optical switching engine can adjust the deflection direction of the incident optical signal by loading an electrical signal on one of the modulators.
  • the electrical signals loaded by the optical switching engine are also different when the optical switching engine is in different working states. For example, the optical switching engine loads a first electrical signal when it is in the first working state, and the optical switching engine loads a second electrical signal when it is in the second working state.
  • the two layers of modulators cooperate to transmit the optical signal toward the designated output port. If the optical switching engine is in the switching state, the electrical signal loaded on one of the modulators of the optical switching engine is in the switching process, and the two layers of modulators cooperate to prevent the optical signal from being output from the port component.
  • the working mode of the two layers of modulators when the optical switching engine is in the working state is different from the working mode of the two layers of modulators when the optical switching engine is in the switching state. Therefore, from the implementation effect of the optical switching engine, the state of the optical switching engine can be divided into a working state and a switching state.
  • this application does not limit the specific time points at which the optical switching engine starts the switching state and ends the switching state, as long as the duration of the switching state includes the switching duration of the electrical signal. For example, before the loaded first electrical signal is switched to the second electrical signal, the optical switching engine can be put in the switching state in advance to ensure that no optical signal will crosstalk to other output ports after the electrical signal starts switching. After the loading of the second electrical signal is completed, the optical switching engine is switched back to the working state. It should be understood that since this application sets a switching state for the optical switching engine, it is only necessary to switch the loaded first electrical signal to the second electrical signal to complete the switching, without the need for switching between the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal. Loading multiple other electrical signals shortens the time required to switch ports.
  • the optical switching engine includes a two-layer modulator, and the optical switching engine has two states, one is the working state, and the other is the switching state.
  • the two-layer modulator of the optical switching engine can normally adjust the deflection direction of the optical signal through cooperation so that it can be transmitted to the designated output port.
  • the two-layer modulators of the optical switching engine cooperate so that no optical signal is temporarily output from the port component, thus avoiding optical signal crosstalk to other output ports during the port switching process.
  • the optical switching engine sets a switching state between the first working state and the second working state, there is no need to worry about port crosstalk during the electrical signal switching process. Therefore, it is only necessary to switch the loaded first electrical signal to the second electrical signal. The signal can complete the switching from the first working state to the second working state, so there is no need to load multiple other electrical signals between the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal, which shortens the time required to switch the port.
  • the target optical signal has a first polarization state. If the optical switching engine is in the switching state, the first modulator is specifically used to adjust the target optical signal to the second polarization state, and transmit the target optical signal with the second polarization state to the second modulator. Wherein, the first polarization state and the second polarization state are orthogonal to each other, and the target optical signal with the second polarization state will not be adjusted in the deflection direction by the second modulator, so that the target optical signal with the second polarization state is directed toward the port component. transmission in other directions. In this embodiment, the first modulator specifically adjusts the polarization state of the target optical signal to realize transmission of the target optical signal in other directions except the port component, which enhances the practicability of this solution.
  • the first modulator is also used to adjust the target optical signal to a third polarization state, and transmit the target optical signal with the third polarization state to the third polarization state.
  • Two modulators, the first polarization state and the third polarization state are different.
  • the second modulator is used to adjust the deflection direction of the partial target optical signal having the third polarization state, so that the partial target optical signal having the third polarization state is transmitted to the first output port.
  • the first modulator is also used to adjust the target optical signal to a third polarization state, and transmit the target optical signal with the third polarization state to the second modulator
  • the second modulator uses Adjusting the deflection direction of the partial target optical signal with the third polarization state, so that the partial target optical signal with the third polarization state is transmitted to the second output port.
  • the first modulator can also rotate the polarization state of the optical signal to any angle.
  • the second modulator can adjust the polarization state of part of the optical signal. Turn the direction so that part of the optical signal can be transmitted to the designated output port, thereby meeting the need to attenuate the optical signal output from the port in some scenarios.
  • the first modulator includes a glass substrate, a pixelated electrode substrate, a first liquid crystal layer, a first alignment layer and a second alignment layer, and the first liquid crystal layer is located between the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer.
  • the first alignment layer is located between the pixelated electrode substrate and the first liquid crystal layer
  • the second alignment layer is located between the glass substrate and the first liquid crystal layer.
  • the second modulator includes a glass substrate, a silicon-based backplane, a second liquid crystal layer, a third alignment layer and a fourth alignment layer. The second liquid crystal layer is located between the third alignment layer and the fourth alignment layer.
  • the third alignment layer is located between Between the glass substrate and the second liquid crystal layer, the fourth alignment layer is located between the silicon-based backplane and the second liquid crystal layer.
  • ITO indium-tin-oxide
  • a specific structure of an optical switching engine is provided.
  • the optical switching engine uses an integrated packaging process to package the first modulator and the second modulator into one device. The first modulator and the second modulator are not separated. , there is no air gap between the two, and light does not refract or diffract between the two.
  • the optical switching engine using this structural design has a higher integration level.
  • the first modulator is specifically used to adjust the deflection direction of the target optical signal so that the target optical signal is transmitted in a direction other than the second modulator.
  • the first modulator specifically adjusts the deflection direction of the target optical signal to realize the transmission of the target optical signal in other directions except the port component, which enhances the practicability of this solution.
  • the first modulator is also used to attenuate the target optical signal transmitted to the second modulator by adjusting the deflection direction of the target optical signal. , thereby meeting the need to attenuate the optical signal output from the port in some scenarios.
  • the first modulator is a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) micromirror, a digital micro-mirror device (Digital Micro-Mirror Devices, DMD) or a liquid crystal device, and the second modulator For MEMS micromirrors, DMD or liquid crystal devices.
  • MEMS micro-electro-mechanical system
  • DMD Digital Micro-Mirror Devices
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an optical switching engine.
  • the optical switching engine includes a first modulator and a second modulator, and a target optical signal from an input port in a port assembly is transmitted to the optical switching engine, and the target optical signal has a first polarization state.
  • the first modulator is used to receive the target optical signal and transmit the target optical signal to the second modulator.
  • the first modulator is used to adjust the deflection direction of the target optical signal with a first polarization state, or the first modulator is used to adjust the deflection direction of the target optical signal with a second polarization state after passing through the second modulator, and the first polarization state and the second polarization state are orthogonal to each other.
  • the second modulator is used to adjust the target optical signal of the first polarization state to a second polarization state, so that the target optical signal with the second polarization state is transmitted to the first output port in the port assembly through the first modulator. If the optical switching engine is in a switching state, the second modulator is used to reflect the target optical signal of the first polarization state, so that the target optical signal of the first polarization state is transmitted to other directions except the port assembly through the first modulator.
  • the second modulator is used to adjust the target optical signal of the first polarization state to the second polarization state, so that the target optical signal with the second polarization state is transmitted to the second output port in the port assembly through the first modulator.
  • the first modulator if the optical switching engine is in the first working state, the first modulator is used to adjust the deflection direction of the target optical signal in the first polarization state and transmit the target optical signal in the first polarization state to the second modulator. device. If the optical switching engine is in the switching state, the first modulator is used to adjust the deflection direction of the target optical signal in the first polarization state and transmit the target optical signal in the first polarization state to the second modulator; the first modulator is also used to adjust The deflection direction of the target optical signal in the first polarization state reflected by the second modulator, so that the target optical signal in the first polarization state is transmitted in other directions except the port component. lose. If the optical switching engine is in the second working state, the first modulator is used to adjust the deflection direction of the target optical signal in the first polarization state and transmit the target optical signal in the first polarization state to the second modulator.
  • the second modulator is used to adjust the target optical signal in the first polarization state to the third polarization state and transmit the target optical signal in the third polarization state.
  • the first polarization state is different from the third polarization state, and the first modulator is also used to adjust the deflection direction of the partial target light signal with the third polarization state, so that the partial target light signal with the third polarization state Signals are transmitted in directions other than the first output port.
  • the second modulator is used to adjust the target optical signal in the first polarization state to the third polarization state and transmit the target optical signal with the third polarization state to the first modulator, the first The modulator is also used to adjust the deflection direction of the partial target optical signal having the third polarization state, so that the partial target optical signal having the third polarization state is transmitted in other directions than the second output port.
  • the first modulator if the optical switching engine is in the first working state, the first modulator is used to adjust the deflection direction of the target optical signal with the second polarization state, so that the target optical signal with the second polarization state is directed toward the third One output port transmits. If the optical switching engine is in the second working state, the first modulator is used to adjust the deflection direction of the target optical signal with the second polarization state, so that the target optical signal with the second polarization state is transmitted to the second output port.
  • the second modulator is used to adjust the target optical signal in the first polarization state to the third polarization state and transmit the target optical signal in the third polarization state.
  • the first polarization state is different from the third polarization state, and the first modulator is used to adjust the deflection direction of the partial target optical signal with the third polarization state, so that the partial target optical signal with the third polarization state is directed toward The first output port transmits.
  • the second modulator is used to adjust the target optical signal in the first polarization state to the third polarization state and transmit the target optical signal with the third polarization state to the first modulator; first The modulator is used to adjust the deflection direction of the partial target optical signal with the third polarization state, so that the partial target optical signal with the third polarization state is transmitted to the second output port.
  • inventions of the present application provide an optical switching engine.
  • the optical switching engine includes a first modulator and a second modulator, and the target optical signal from the input port in the port component is transmitted to the optical switching engine.
  • the first modulator is used to receive the target optical signal. If the optical switching engine is in the first working state, the first modulator is used to adjust the deflection direction of the target optical signal and transmit the target optical signal to the second modulator.
  • the first modulator is also used to adjust the deflection direction of the target optical signal reflected by the second modulator, so that the target optical signal is transmitted to the first output port in the port assembly.
  • the first modulator is used to adjust the deflection direction of the target optical signal and transmit the target optical signal to the second modulator.
  • the second modulator is used to adjust the deflection direction of the target optical signal, so that the target optical signal is reflected in directions other than the first modulator.
  • the first modulator is used to adjust the deflection direction of the target optical signal and transmit the target optical signal to the second modulator.
  • the first modulator is also used to adjust the deflection direction of the target optical signal reflected by the second modulator, so that the target optical signal is transmitted to the second output port in the port assembly.
  • the second modulator is also used to adjust the deflection direction of the target optical signal, so that part of the target optical signal is reflected in directions other than the first modulator. , to attenuate the target optical signal transmitted to the first output port. If the optical switching engine is in the second working state, the second modulator is also used to adjust the deflection direction of the target optical signal, so that part of the target optical signal is reflected in directions other than the first modulator to attenuate the target optical signal toward the second output port. Transmit the target optical signal.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a WSS.
  • the WSS includes: a port component, a dispersion device and the above-mentioned The optical switching engine described in any one of the embodiments of the first aspect to the third aspect, wherein the port component includes an input port, a first output port, and a second output port.
  • the dispersion device is used to decompose the combined optical signal input from the input port into a plurality of sub-wavelength optical signals, and transmit the plurality of sub-wavelength optical signals to the optical switching engine, wherein the target optical signal received by the optical switching engine is at least one sub-wavelength optical signal among the plurality of sub-wavelength optical signals.
  • the WSS further includes a polarization component, which is used to perform polarization processing on the combined optical signal from the input port so that each sub-wavelength optical signal in the combined optical signal has a polarization state.
  • the WSS further includes a first lens and a second lens, the first lens is located between the port component and the dispersion device, and the second lens is located between the dispersion device and the optical switching engine.
  • the first lens is used to converge the multiplexed optical signals from the input port.
  • the second lens is used to collimate each sub-wavelength optical signal from the dispersion device.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a ROADM.
  • the ROADM includes: at least one first WSS and at least one second WSS, the first WSS and the second WSS are WSSs as described in any embodiment of the fourth aspect.
  • At least one first WSS is used to add or drop waves, and at least one second WSS is used to send optical signals to the line side or receive optical signals from the line side.
  • embodiments of the present application provide an optical transmission system.
  • the optical transmission system includes multiple ROADMs as described in the fifth aspect, and each adjacent two ROADMs are connected through optical fibers.
  • embodiments of the present application provide an optical transmission method.
  • the method is applied to an optical switching engine.
  • the optical switching engine includes a first modulator and a second modulator.
  • a target optical signal from an input port in a port component is transmitted to the optical switching engine; the method includes: receiving the target optical signal through the first modulator. . If the optical switching engine is in the first working state, the target optical signal is transmitted to the second modulator through the first modulator, and the deflection direction of the target optical signal is adjusted through the second modulator, so that the target optical signal is directed toward the first port component. Output port transmission. If the optical switching engine is in a switching state, the target optical signal is modulated by the first modulator, so that the target optical signal is transmitted in other directions except the port component.
  • the target optical signal is transmitted to the second modulator through the first modulator, and the deflection direction of the target optical signal is adjusted through the second modulator, so that the target optical signal moves toward the second port component in the port assembly.
  • Output port transmission If the optical switching engine is in the second working state, the target optical signal is transmitted to the second modulator through the first modulator, and the deflection direction of the target optical signal is adjusted through the second modulator, so that the target optical signal moves toward the second port component in the port assembly.
  • the target optical signal has a first polarization state
  • modulating the target optical signal through the first modulator includes: adjusting the target optical signal to a second polarization state through the first modulator, and having the first polarization state.
  • the target optical signal in the two polarization states is transmitted to the second modulator, wherein the first polarization state and the second polarization state are orthogonal to each other, and the target optical signal with the second polarization state passes through the second modulator to the port other than the port component. transmission in other directions.
  • the method further includes: if the optical switching engine is in the first working state, adjusting the target optical signal to a third polarization state through the first modulator, and transmitting the target optical signal with the third polarization state. to the second modulator, the first polarization state is different from the third polarization state; the deflection direction of the partial target optical signal with the third polarization state is adjusted through the second modulator, so that the partial target optical signal with the third polarization state is directed toward The first output port transmits.
  • the target optical signal is adjusted to the third polarization state through the first modulator, and the target optical signal with the third polarization state is transmitted to the second modulator, and the target optical signal is adjusted through the second modulator.
  • the deflection direction of the partial target optical signal having the third polarization state is such that the partial target optical signal having the third polarization state is transmitted to the second output port.
  • the first modulator includes a glass substrate, a pixelated electrode substrate, a first liquid crystal layer, a first alignment layer and a second alignment layer, and the first liquid crystal layer is located between the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer.
  • the first alignment layer is located between the pixelated electrode substrate and the first liquid crystal layer
  • the second alignment layer is located between the glass substrate and the first liquid crystal layer.
  • second modulation The device includes a glass substrate, a silicon-based backplane, a second liquid crystal layer, a third alignment layer and a fourth alignment layer.
  • the second liquid crystal layer is located between the third alignment layer and the fourth alignment layer.
  • the third alignment layer is located between the glass substrate and the fourth alignment layer.
  • the fourth alignment layer is located between the silicon-based backplane and the second liquid crystal layer; ITO is provided on both the front and back surfaces of the glass substrate.
  • modulating the target optical signal through the first modulator includes: adjusting the deflection direction of the target optical signal through the first modulator, so that the target optical signal is transmitted in a direction other than the second modulator. .
  • the method further includes: if the optical switching engine is in the first working state or the second working state, adjusting the deflection direction of the target optical signal by the first modulator to attenuate the target optical signal transmitted to the second modulator.
  • the first modulator is a MEMS micromirror, DMD or liquid crystal device
  • the second modulator is a MEMS micromirror, DMD or liquid crystal device.
  • embodiments of the present application provide an optical transmission method.
  • the method is applied to an optical switching engine.
  • the optical switching engine includes a first modulator and a second modulator.
  • a target optical signal from an input port in a port component is transmitted to the optical switching engine.
  • the target optical signal has a first polarization state; the method includes: The target optical signal of the first polarization state is received through the first modulator, and the target optical signal of the first polarization state is transmitted to the second modulator.
  • the first modulator is used to adjust the deflection direction of the target optical signal with the first polarization state, or the first modulator is used to adjust the deflection direction of the target optical signal with the second polarization state after passing through the second modulator.
  • the first The polarization state and the second polarization state are orthogonal to each other. If the optical switching engine is in the first working state, the target optical signal in the first polarization state is adjusted to the second polarization state through the second modulator, so that the target optical signal with the second polarization state passes through the first modulator to the port component. transmitted on the first output port. If the optical switching engine is in the switching state, the target optical signal in the first polarization state is reflected through the second modulator, so that the target optical signal in the first polarization state is transmitted through the first modulator in other directions except the port component.
  • the target optical signal in the first polarization state is adjusted to the second polarization state through the second modulator, so that the target optical signal with the second polarization state passes through the first modulator to the port component. transmitted through the second output port.
  • the method further includes: if the optical switching engine is in the first working state, adjusting the deflection direction of the target optical signal in the first polarization state through the first modulator and transmitting the target optical signal in the first polarization state. to the second modulator. If the optical switching engine is in a switching state, the first modulator is used to adjust the deflection direction of the target optical signal in the first polarization state and the target optical signal in the first polarization state is transmitted to the second modulator; the first modulator is used to adjust the deflection direction of the target optical signal in the first polarization state.
  • the deflection direction of the target optical signal in the first polarization state reflected by the two modulators is such that the target optical signal in the first polarization state is transmitted in other directions except the port component. If the optical switching engine is in the second working state, the first modulator is used to adjust the deflection direction of the target optical signal in the first polarization state and transmit the target optical signal in the first polarization state to the second modulator.
  • the method further includes: if the optical switching engine is in the first working state, adjusting the target optical signal in the first polarization state to the third polarization state through the second modulator and converting the target optical signal in the third polarization state into the third polarization state.
  • the target optical signal is transmitted to the first modulator, the first polarization state is different from the third polarization state, and the deflection direction of the part of the target optical signal with the third polarization state is adjusted by the first modulator, so that the part with the third polarization state
  • the target optical signal is transmitted in directions other than the first output port.
  • the target optical signal in the first polarization state is adjusted to the third polarization state through the second modulator and the target optical signal in the third polarization state is transmitted to the first modulator, and the target optical signal in the third polarization state is transmitted to the first modulator.
  • a modulator adjusts the deflection direction of the partial target optical signal having the third polarization state, so that the partial target optical signal having the third polarization state is transmitted in directions other than the second output port.
  • the method further includes: if the optical switching engine is in the first working state, adjusting the deflection direction of the target optical signal with the second polarization state through the first modulator, so that the target light signal with the second polarization state Optical signal direction The first output port transmits. If the optical switching engine is in the second working state, the deflection direction of the target optical signal with the second polarization state is adjusted through the first modulator, so that the target optical signal with the second polarization state is transmitted to the second output port.
  • the method further includes: if the optical switching engine is in the first working state, adjusting the target optical signal in the first polarization state to the third polarization state through the second modulator and converting the target optical signal in the third polarization state into the third polarization state.
  • the target optical signal is transmitted to the first modulator, the first polarization state is different from the third polarization state, and the deflection direction of the part of the target optical signal with the third polarization state is adjusted by the first modulator, so that the part with the third polarization state
  • the target optical signal is transmitted to the first output port.
  • the target optical signal in the first polarization state is adjusted to the third polarization state through the second modulator and the target optical signal in the third polarization state is transmitted to the first modulator, and the target optical signal in the third polarization state is transmitted to the first modulator.
  • a modulator adjusts the deflection direction of the partial target optical signal with the third polarization state, so that the partial target optical signal with the third polarization state is transmitted to the second output port.
  • embodiments of the present application provide an optical transmission method.
  • the method is applied to an optical switching engine.
  • the optical switching engine includes a first modulator and a second modulator.
  • a target optical signal from an input port in a port component is transmitted to the optical switching engine; the method includes: receiving the target optical signal through the first modulator. . If the optical switching engine is in the first working state, the deflection direction of the target optical signal is adjusted through the first modulator and the target optical signal is transmitted to the second modulator; the target optical signal reflected by the second modulator is adjusted through the first modulator
  • the deflection direction is such that the target optical signal is transmitted to the first output port in the port assembly.
  • the deflection direction of the target optical signal is adjusted through the first modulator and the target optical signal is transmitted to the second modulator; the deflection direction of the target optical signal is adjusted through the second modulator, so that the target optical signal Reflected in directions other than the first modulator. If the optical switching engine is in the second working state, adjust the deflection direction of the target optical signal through the first modulator and transmit the target optical signal to the second modulator; adjust the target optical signal reflected by the second modulator through the first modulator The deflection direction is such that the target optical signal is transmitted to the second output port in the port assembly.
  • the method further includes: if the optical switching engine is in the first working state, adjusting the deflection direction of the target optical signal through the second modulator, so that part of the target optical signal is deflected to the target optical signal other than the first modulator. Directional reflection to attenuate the target optical signal transmitted to the first output port. If the optical switching engine is in the second working state, the deflection direction of the target optical signal is adjusted through the second modulator, so that part of the target optical signal is reflected in directions other than the first modulator to attenuate the light transmitted to the second output port. target light signal.
  • the optical switching engine includes a two-layer modulator.
  • the optical switching engine has two states, one is the working state and the other is the switching state.
  • the two-layer modulator of the optical switching engine can normally adjust the deflection direction of the optical signal through cooperation so that it can be transmitted to the designated output port.
  • the two-layer modulators of the optical switching engine cooperate so that no optical signal is temporarily output from the port component, thus avoiding optical signal crosstalk to other output ports during the port switching process.
  • the optical switching engine sets a switching state between the first working state and the second working state, there is no need to worry about port crosstalk during the electrical signal switching process. Therefore, it is only necessary to switch the loaded first electrical signal to the second electrical signal.
  • the signal can complete the switching from the first working state to the second working state, so there is no need to load multiple other electrical signals between the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal, which shortens the time required to switch the port.
  • FIG. 1 is a system architecture diagram of ROADM
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an optical path of WSS in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is a first schematic diagram of the switching state of the optical switching engine in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a possible optical switching engine in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 5 shows a design method of each orientation layer in the optical switching engine
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the attenuation function implemented by the optical switching engine
  • Figure 7 is a second schematic diagram of the switching state of the optical switching engine in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is a third schematic diagram of the switching state of the optical switching engine in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 9 is a fourth schematic diagram of the switching state of the optical switching engine in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 10 is a fifth schematic diagram of the switching state of the optical switching engine in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a ROADM in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG12 is a schematic diagram of a structure of an optical transmission system in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic flow chart of the first optical switching method in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG14 is a schematic diagram of a second process of the optical switching method in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 15 is a schematic flow chart of the third optical switching method in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 16 is a schematic flow chart of the fourth optical switching method in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide an optical switching engine and related equipment and methods to ensure that there will be no crosstalk when switching ports, and to shorten the time required to switch ports.
  • first the terms "first”, “second”, etc. (if present) in the description and claims of this application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific sequence. Or sequence. It is to be understood that the data so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances so that the embodiments described herein can be practiced in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein.
  • the optical switching engine provided by this application can be mainly used in WSS, and WSS is mainly used in ROADM.
  • WSS is mainly used in ROADM.
  • FIG 1 is a system architecture diagram of ROADM.
  • ROADM consists of line-side modules and client-side modules.
  • the line side module usually includes multiple interconnected WSS 101
  • the client side module includes an add-drop wavelength selective switch (ADWSS) 102.
  • ADWSS add-drop wavelength selective switch
  • the ADWSS 102 has M line-side ports, and the M line-side ports are respectively connected to the M WSS 101 in the line-side module.
  • the ADWSS 102 has N client-side ports, and N customers The side ports are respectively connected to N optical transceiver modules on the client side.
  • the number of N depends on the number of add/drop services on the client side.
  • WSS 101 is used to send optical signals to the line side or receive optical signals from the line side
  • ADWSS 102 is used to add or drop optical signals.
  • WSS provided by the embodiment of this application may be WSS 101 or ADWSS 102. In the following, WSS and ADWSS will no longer be distinguished, and WSS will be used for introduction and explanation.
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of an optical path of a WSS in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the WSS includes a port assembly 10, a dispersion device 20, and an optical switching engine 30.
  • the port assembly 10 includes an input port 101 and a plurality of output ports, for example, the plurality of output ports include a first output port 102 and a second output port 103, etc.
  • the transmission direction of light is defined as the C direction
  • the port direction is defined as the A direction
  • the dispersion direction of light is defined as the B direction.
  • the port direction It can also be called the exchange direction
  • the dispersion direction can also be called the wavelength direction.
  • direction A is perpendicular to direction C
  • direction B is perpendicular to direction C
  • direction A is perpendicular to direction B
  • present application does not limit the specific number of ports in the WSS, and the number shown in the figure is only an example.
  • the input port 101 inputs a multiplexed optical signal including multiple wavelengths.
  • the multiplexed optical signal includes a total of n wavelengths ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2... ⁇ n.
  • the dispersion device 20 can decompose the multiplexed optical signal into multiple sub-wavelength optical signals in the Y direction, so that the multiple sub-wavelength optical signals are spatially separated.
  • the optical switching engine 30 is used to separately modulate the input multiple sub-wavelength optical signals, thereby adjusting the deflection direction of each sub-wavelength optical signal. Each sub-wavelength optical signal after the deflection direction is adjusted is transmitted to the corresponding output port through the dispersion device 20.
  • the first sub-wavelength optical signal is transmitted to the first output port 102
  • the second sub-wavelength optical signal is transmitted to the second output port 103.
  • the optical switching engine 30 can flexibly adjust the deflection direction of each sub-wavelength optical signal by loading different electrical signals to switch the output port of each sub-wavelength optical signal. For example, by changing the phase map loaded on the optical switching engine 30, the first sub-wavelength optical signal is switched to be transmitted to the second output port 103, or the second sub-wavelength optical signal is switched to be transmitted to the first output port 102.
  • the WSS may also include a polarizing component 40 , a first lens 50 and a second lens 60 .
  • the first lens 50 is located between the port assembly 10 and the dispersion device 20
  • the second lens 60 is located between the dispersion device 20 and the optical switching engine 30 .
  • the polarization component 40 is used to perform polarization processing on the multiplexed optical signal input from the input port 101, so that each sub-wavelength optical signal in the multiplexed optical signal has a specified polarization state.
  • the implementation form of the port component 10 includes but is not limited to an optical fiber array and a waveguide array, etc., which can be a one-dimensional array or a two-dimensional array.
  • the implementation form of the dispersion component 20 includes but is not limited to a grating and a prism.
  • the optical switching engine 30 can change the deflection direction of the sub-wavelength optical signal so that the sub-wavelength optical signal can be transmitted to the output port without loss, or the sub-wavelength optical signal cannot be transmitted to the output port, or part of the sub-wavelength optical signal can be transmitted to the output port. It should be understood that the optical path design in the WSS shown in Figure 1 above is only used as an example.
  • WSS can also use a reflective dispersion component 20
  • WSS can also use a transmissive optical switching engine 30.
  • the specific optical path is known to those skilled in the art and will not be introduced one by one here.
  • the optical switching engine provided by this application has a two-layer modulator. Based on the design of the two-layer modulator, the optical switching engine has two states, one is the working state and the other is the switching state. In the working state, the optical switching engine can normally adjust the deflection direction of the optical signal so that it can be transmitted to the designated output port. In the switching state, the optical switching engine processes so that all output ports have no optical signal output. It should be understood that modulator 1 is used to adjust the deflection direction of the optical signal, and modulator 2 is used to realize state switching of the optical switching engine.
  • the working state of the optical switching engine includes different working states such as the first working state and the second working state.
  • the optical switching engine can adjust the deflection direction of the incident optical signal by loading electrical signals on the modulator 1.
  • the electrical signals it loads are also different.
  • the optical switching engine loads the first electrical signal when in the second working state
  • the optical switching engine loads the second electrical signal when in the second working state. It should be understood that if the optical switching engine is in working state, the two-layer modulators cooperate to cause the optical signal to be transmitted toward the designated output port.
  • the optical switching engine is in a switching state
  • the electrical signal loaded by modulator 1 is in the process of switching, and the two-layer modulators cooperate so that no optical signal is output from the port component. That is to say, the working mode of the two-layer modulator when the optical switching engine is in the working state is different from the working mode of the two-layer modulator when the optical switching engine is in the switching state. Therefore, the implementation effect of the optical switching engine can be The status is divided into working status and switching status.
  • the present application does not limit the specific time points at which the optical switching engine starts the switching state and ends the switching state.
  • the duration of the switching state includes the switching duration of the electrical signal.
  • the optical switching engine can be put into the switching state in advance to ensure that there will be no optical signal crosstalk to other output ports after the electrical signal starts to switch, and then the optical switching engine can be switched back to the working state after the second electrical signal is loaded. It should be understood that since the present application sets a switching state for the optical switching engine, there is no need to worry about port crosstalk during the switching of electrical signals. Therefore, it is only necessary to switch the loaded first electrical signal to the second electrical signal to complete the switching, without having to load multiple other electrical signals between the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal, thereby shortening the time required to switch the port.
  • the optical switching engine provided by this application is introduced in detail below.
  • the following takes the processing of one of the sub-wavelength optical signals by the optical switching engine as an example.
  • the sub-wavelength optical signal will be referred to as an optical signal for short.
  • the positions of the two-layer modulators in the optical switching engine can be interchanged, so the application provides a variety of optical switching engine design solutions.
  • modulator 2 is located on the upper layer and modulator 1 is located on the lower layer.
  • modulator 1 is located on the upper layer and modulator 2 is located on the lower layer.
  • the upper layer and the lower layer are defined according to the order of optical signal input.
  • the upper layer modulator will first receive the optical signal input to the optical switching engine.
  • the above-mentioned modulator 2 also has a variety of implementations.
  • the modulator 2 can realize the state switching of the optical switching engine by selecting whether to adjust the polarization state of the incident optical signal; for another example, the modulator 2 can also select whether to adjust the polarization state of the incident optical signal.
  • the deflection direction of the optical signal is used to realize the state switching of the optical switching engine. It should be understood that this application does not limit the specific implementation of the modulator 1 to adjust the beam deflection direction.
  • the modulator 1 can use a liquid crystal device, a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) micromirror, or a digital micromirror device ( Digital Micro-Mirror Devices (DMD) or metasurface (Metasurface), etc., the specific design will be known to those skilled in the art, and this application will not introduce them one by one.
  • MEMS micro-electro-mechanical system
  • DMD Digital Micro-Mirror Devices
  • Metalasurface metasurface
  • Embodiment 1 Modulator 2 is located on the upper layer, and modulator 1 is located on the lower layer. Modulator 2 is used to adjust the polarization state of the optical signal. Modulator 1 and modulator 2 use liquid crystal modulators, and the incident optical signal has the first polarization state.
  • FIG 3 is a first schematic diagram of the switching state of the optical switching engine in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the optical signal from the input port 101 has the first polarization state.
  • the optical switching engine is in the first working state, that is, the modulator 1 is currently loading a first electrical signal, and the modulator 2 is used to transparently transmit the optical signal from the input port 101 to the modulator 1 , the modulator 1 adjusts the deflection direction of the optical signal according to the loaded first electrical signal, so that the optical signal is transmitted to the first output port 102 .
  • the optical switching engine is in a switching state.
  • the modulator 2 adjusts the optical signal from the input port 101 to the second polarization state, where the first polarization state and the second polarization state interact with each other. Orthogonal. It should be understood that since the polarization state of the optical signal is deflected by 90°, the modulator 1 can no longer adjust the deflection direction of the optical signal. After being reflected by the modulator 1, the optical signal is transmitted in other directions except the port assembly 10, that is, the optical signal is transmitted in other directions except the port assembly 10. There is no port crosstalk when the switching engine is in switching state.
  • the optical switching engine is in the second working state, that is, modulator 1 is currently loading a second electrical signal, and modulator 2 is used to transparently transmit the optical signal from input port 101 to modulator 1 , the modulator 1 adjusts the deflection direction of the optical signal according to the loaded second electrical signal, so that the optical signal is transmitted to the second output port 103 .
  • FIG 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a possible optical switching engine in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the modulator 2 includes a glass substrate 301, a pixelated electrode substrate 302, a first liquid crystal layer 303, a first alignment layer 304 and a second alignment layer 305.
  • the first liquid crystal layer 303 is located between the first alignment layer 304 and the second alignment layer 305.
  • the first alignment layer 304 is located between the pixelated electrode substrate 302 and the first liquid crystal layer 303
  • the second alignment layer 305 is located between the glass substrate 301 and the first liquid crystal layer 303 .
  • the modulator 1 includes a glass substrate 301, a silicon-based backplane 306, a second liquid crystal layer 307, a third alignment layer 308 and a fourth alignment layer 309.
  • the second liquid crystal layer 307 is located between the third alignment layer 308 and the fourth alignment layer 309.
  • the third alignment layer 308 is located between the glass substrate 301 and the second liquid crystal layer 307
  • the fourth alignment layer 309 is located between the silicon-based backplane 306 and the second liquid crystal layer 307. between.
  • ITO indium-tin-oxide
  • the optical switching engine uses an integrated packaging process to package modulator 1 and modulator 2 into one device. Modulator 1 and modulator 2 are not separated, and there is no air gap between them, and Light does not refract or diffract between the two.
  • the electrode distribution on the pixelated electrode substrate 302 corresponds to the pixel distribution in the first liquid crystal layer 303, thereby providing pixel-level control capability.
  • the modulator 2 can adjust the polarization state of the optical signal by applying a voltage to the pixelated electrode substrate 302 .
  • the electrodes on the pixelated electrode substrate 302 may be one-dimensionally distributed or two-dimensionally distributed, depending on actual needs, and are not limited here.
  • Figure 5 shows a design method of each orientation layer in the optical switching engine.
  • the second alignment layer and the third alignment layer can be regarded as the front and back sides of the intermediate layer respectively.
  • the direction perpendicular to the plane of each alignment layer is defined as the Z direction
  • the X direction and the Y direction are parallel to the plane of each alignment layer
  • the X direction is perpendicular to the Y direction.
  • the polarization direction of the incident light signal is parallel to the X direction
  • the first alignment layer is oriented along the X direction
  • the second alignment layer, the third alignment layer and the fourth alignment layer are oriented along the Y direction.
  • modulator 2 does not load electrical signals
  • the liquid crystal molecules maintain the initial arrangement direction
  • the polarization direction of the incident light signal is parallel to the X direction
  • modulator 1 can normally adjust the deflection direction of the light signal, so that the light The signal is transmitted to the specified output port.
  • the modulator 2 changes the arrangement direction of the liquid crystal molecules by loading an electrical signal, so that the polarization direction of the optical signal is parallel to the Y direction.
  • the modulator 1 cannot adjust the deflection direction of the optical signal, so that Optical signals travel in directions other than the port component.
  • the example introduced in Figure 5 above is based on the twisted nematic (TN) mode to set the polarization state of the optical signal and the orientation direction of each alignment layer.
  • TN twisted nematic
  • the polarization state of the optical signal and the orientation of each alignment layer can also be flexibly set based on vertical alignment (Vertical Alignment, VA), electrically controlled birefringence (ECB) or ferroelectric liquid crystal mode.
  • VA Vertical Alignment
  • EBC electrically controlled birefringence
  • ferroelectric liquid crystal mode Ferroelectric liquid crystal mode
  • the optical switching engine can be designed to comply with different forms of Single WSS, Twin WSS or Quard WSS.
  • the number of rows of electrode distribution on the pixelated electrode substrate 302 matches the number of ports of the WSS.
  • the electrode distribution on the pixelated electrode substrate 302 is arranged in a row.
  • the electrode distribution on the pixelated electrode substrate 302 is arranged in two rows.
  • the silicon-based backplane 306 has very small pixels, so it can be divided in the port direction according to different design requirements of Single WSS, Twin WSS or Quard WSS.
  • the optical switching engine can be divided into channels corresponding to the number of wavelengths in the dispersion direction.
  • the electrodes of the pixelated electrode substrate 302 are divided into 80 channels
  • the electrodes of the silicon-based backplane 306 are divided into 80 channels.
  • the modulator 2 when the optical switching engine is in working state, can also adjust the polarization state of the optical signal. For example, the modulator 2 modulates the first polarization state of the optical signal to a third polarization state that is different from the first polarization state. That is to say, the modulator 2 can also rotate the polarization state of the optical signal at any angle. In this way, the modulator 1 can adjust the deflection direction of part of the optical signal so that the part of the optical signal can be transmitted to the designated output port, thereby meeting the need to attenuate the optical signal output from the port in some scenarios. For example, when the optical switching engine is in the first working state, part of the optical signal is output from the first output port 102 .
  • the attenuation ratio of the optical signal is related to the polarization state of the optical signal by modulator 2.
  • the angle of rotation depends on the size, and can be set flexibly according to actual needs. There is no limit here. It should be understood that in this embodiment, if the third polarization state is the same as the second polarization state, all optical signals will be attenuated.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the attenuation function implemented by the optical switching engine.
  • the modulator 2 when there is no need to attenuate the optical signal, the modulator 2 does not adjust the polarization state of the optical signal, and the optical power output from the output port is relatively high.
  • the modulator 2 adjusts the polarization state of the optical signal so that the optical power output from the output port and the attenuation ratio can be controlled by the voltage applied to the modulator 2 .
  • all electrodes corresponding to the entire channel can be controlled to attenuate the power of the signal spectrum as a whole; it is also possible to control the electrodes corresponding to some channels to attenuate the local optical power of the signal spectrum.
  • Embodiment 2 Modulator 2 is located on the upper layer, and modulator 1 is located on the lower layer. Modulator 2 is used to adjust the deflection direction of the optical signal.
  • Figure 7 is a second schematic diagram of the switching state of the optical switching engine in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the optical switching engine is in the first working state, that is, the modulator 1 is currently loading the first electrical signal, and the modulator 2 is used to transparently transmit the optical signal from the input port 101 to the modulator 1 , the modulator 1 adjusts the deflection direction of the optical signal according to the loaded first electrical signal, so that the optical signal is transmitted to the first output port 102 .
  • the optical switching engine is in a switching state.
  • the modulator 2 adjusts the deflection direction of the optical signal from the input port 101, so that the optical signal is transmitted in other directions except the modulator 1. . It should be understood that since the modulator 1 cannot receive the optical signal, the modulator 1 naturally cannot reflect the optical signal back to the port component 10, that is, there will be no port crosstalk when the optical switching engine is in the switching state.
  • the optical switching engine is in the second working state, that is, modulator 1 is currently loading a second electrical signal, and modulator 2 is used to transparently transmit the optical signal from input port 101 to modulator 1 , the modulator 1 adjusts the deflection direction of the optical signal according to the loaded second electrical signal, so that the optical signal is transmitted to the second output port 103 .
  • the modulator 2 can use devices such as liquid crystal devices, MEMS micromirrors, DMDs or metasurfaces to adjust the deflection direction of the optical signal.
  • devices such as liquid crystal devices, MEMS micromirrors, DMDs or metasurfaces to adjust the deflection direction of the optical signal.
  • the modulator 2 when the optical switching engine is in working state, can also adjust the deflection direction of part of the optical signal, so that the part of the optical signal is transmitted in other directions than the modulator 1 . In this way, the modulator 1 can only adjust the deflection direction of the remaining part of the optical signal so that the remaining part of the optical signal can be transmitted to the designated output port, thereby meeting the need to attenuate the optical signal output by the port in some scenarios. For example, when the optical switching engine is in the first working state, a part of the optical signal is output from the first output port 102 . For another example, when the optical switching engine is in the second working state, a part of the optical signal is output from the second output port 103.
  • Embodiment 3 Modulator 1 is located on the upper layer, and modulator 2 is located on the lower layer. Modulator 2 is used to adjust the polarization state of the optical signal. Modulator 1 and modulator 2 use liquid crystal modulators, and the incident optical signal has the first polarization state.
  • Figure 8 is a third schematic diagram of the switching state of the optical switching engine in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the optical signal from the input port 101 has the first polarization state.
  • the optical switching engine is in the first working state, that is, the modulator 1 is currently loading a first electrical signal, and the modulator 1 adjusts the deflection direction of the optical signal according to the loaded first electrical signal and transmits the light
  • the signal is transmitted to the modulator 2, which is used to adjust the optical signal to a second polarization state, where the first polarization state and the second polarization state are orthogonal to each other.
  • the modulator 1 can no longer adjust the deflection direction of the optical signal, and the optical signal is transmitted to the first output port 102.
  • the optical switching engine is in the switching state, and the modulator 1 adjusts the deflection direction of the optical signal and transmits the optical signal to the modulator.
  • Modulator 2 no longer adjusts the polarization state of the optical signal.
  • modulator 1 adjusts the deflection direction of the optical signal again so that the optical signal is directed toward the outside of port component 10.
  • the optical switching engine is in the second working state, that is, the modulator 1 is currently loading a second electrical signal, and the modulator 1 adjusts the deflection direction of the optical signal according to the loaded second electrical signal and transmits the light
  • the signal is transmitted to modulator 2, which modulates the optical signal to a second polarization state.
  • the modulator 1 can no longer adjust the deflection direction of the optical signal, and the optical signal is transmitted to the second output port 103.
  • the modulator 2 when the optical switching engine is in working state, can also adjust the first polarization state of the optical signal to a third polarization state, and the third polarization state is different from the first polarization state. That is to say, the modulator 2 can also rotate the polarization state of the optical signal at any angle. In this way, after the optical signal is reflected back to the modulator 1 by the modulator 2, the modulator 1 can adjust the deflection direction of part of the optical signal, so that the part of the optical signal can be transmitted in other directions besides the designated output port, thus satisfying some requirements. The need to attenuate the optical signal output from the port in the scenario.
  • the attenuation ratio of the optical signal is related to the angle through which the modulator 2 rotates the polarization state of the optical signal, and can be set flexibly according to actual needs, and is not limited here. It should be understood that in this embodiment, if the modulator 2 does not adjust the polarization state of the optical signal, all optical signals will be attenuated.
  • Embodiment 4 modulator 1 is located at the upper layer, modulator 2 is located at the lower layer, modulator 2 is used to adjust the polarization state of the optical signal, modulator 1 and modulator 2 use liquid crystal modulators, and the incident optical signal has a second polarization state.
  • Figure 9 is a fourth schematic diagram of the switching state of the optical switching engine in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the optical switching engine is in the first working state, that is, the modulator 1 is currently loading the first electrical signal. Since the optical signal is in the second polarization state, the modulator 1 cannot adjust the deflection direction of the optical signal.
  • modulator 1 transparently transmits the optical signal to modulator 2.
  • the modulator 2 is used to adjust the optical signal to a first polarization state, where the first polarization state and the second polarization state are orthogonal to each other.
  • the modulator 1 can adjust the deflection direction of the optical signal so that the optical signal is transmitted to the first output port 102.
  • the optical switching engine is in the switching state. Since the optical signal is in the second polarization state, modulator 1 cannot adjust the deflection direction of the optical signal.
  • Modulator 1 transparently transmits the optical signal to modulator 2. .
  • Modulator 2 does not adjust the polarization state of the optical signal.
  • modulator 1 still cannot adjust the deflection direction of the optical signal.
  • the optical signal is transmitted in other directions except port component 10.
  • the optical switching engine is in the second working state, that is, the modulator 1 is currently loading the second electrical signal. Since the optical signal is in the second polarization state, the modulator 1 cannot adjust the deflection direction of the optical signal. , modulator 1 transparently transmits the optical signal to modulator 2.
  • the modulator 2 is used to adjust the optical signal to the first polarization state. After the optical signal is reflected back to the modulator 1 by the modulator 2, since the polarization state of the optical signal has changed by 90°, the modulator 1 can adjust the deflection direction of the optical signal so that the optical signal is transmitted to the second output port 103.
  • the modulator 2 when the optical switching engine is in working state, can also adjust the first polarization state of the optical signal to a third polarization state, and the third polarization state is different from the first polarization state. That is to say, the modulator 2 can also rotate the polarization state of the optical signal at any angle. In this way, after the optical signal is reflected back to the modulator 1 by the modulator 2, the modulator 1 can adjust the deflection direction of part of the optical signal so that part of the optical signal can be transmitted to the designated output port, thus meeting the requirements for port output in some scenarios. The need for attenuation of optical signals.
  • the attenuation ratio of the optical signal is related to the angle through which the modulator 2 rotates the polarization state of the optical signal, and can be set flexibly according to actual needs, and is not limited here. It should be understood that in this embodiment, if the modulator 2 does not adjust the polarization state of the optical signal, all optical signals will be attenuated.
  • Embodiment 5 Modulator 1 is located on the upper layer, modulator 2 is located on the lower layer, and modulator 2 is used to adjust the deflection direction of the optical signal.
  • Figure 10 is a fifth schematic diagram of the switching state of the optical switching engine in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the optical switching engine is in the first working state, that is, the modulator 1 is currently loading a first electrical signal, and the modulator 1 adjusts the deflection direction of the optical signal according to the loaded first electrical signal and transmits the light
  • the signal is transmitted to modulator 2, which reflects the optical signal back to modulator 1.
  • the modulator 1 adjusts the deflection direction of the optical signal again so that the optical signal is transmitted to the first output port 102 .
  • the optical switching engine is in a switching state, and the modulator 1 adjusts the deflection direction of the optical signal and transmits the optical signal to the modulator 2.
  • Modulator 2 adjusts the deflection direction of the optical signal so that the optical signal is transmitted in other directions than modulator 1. It should be understood that since the modulator 1 cannot receive the optical signal, the optical signal will naturally not be transmitted to the port component 10, that is, there will be no port crosstalk when the optical switching engine is in the switching state.
  • the optical switching engine is in the second working state, that is, the modulator 1 is currently loading a second electrical signal, and the modulator 1 adjusts the deflection direction of the optical signal according to the loaded second electrical signal and transmits the light
  • the signal is transmitted to modulator 2, which reflects the optical signal back to modulator 1.
  • the modulator 1 adjusts the deflection direction of the optical signal again so that the optical signal is transmitted to the second output port 103 .
  • the modulator 2 can use devices such as liquid crystal devices, MEMS micromirrors, DMDs or metasurfaces to adjust the deflection direction of the optical signal.
  • devices such as liquid crystal devices, MEMS micromirrors, DMDs or metasurfaces to adjust the deflection direction of the optical signal.
  • the modulator 2 when the optical switching engine is in working state, can also adjust the deflection direction of part of the optical signal, so that the part of the optical signal is transmitted in other directions than the modulator 1 . In this way, the modulator 1 can only adjust the deflection direction of the remaining part of the optical signal so that the remaining part of the optical signal can be transmitted to the designated output port, thereby meeting the need to attenuate the optical signal output by the port in some scenarios. For example, when the optical switching engine is in the first working state, a part of the optical signal is output from the first output port 102 . For another example, when the optical switching engine is in the second working state, a part of the optical signal is output from the second output port 103.
  • the optical switching engine includes two layers of modulators.
  • the optical switching engine has two states, one is the working state and the other is the switching state.
  • the two-layer modulator of the optical switching engine can normally adjust the deflection direction of the optical signal through cooperation so that it can be transmitted to the designated output port.
  • the two-layer modulators of the optical switching engine cooperate so that no optical signal is temporarily output from the port component, thus avoiding optical signal crosstalk to other output ports during the port switching process.
  • the switching state is set between operating states. There is no need to worry about port crosstalk during the electrical signal switching process.
  • FIG 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a ROADM in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the ROADM includes at least one first WSS 1101 and at least one second WSS 1102.
  • both the first WSS 1101 and the second WSS 1102 can adopt the WSS provided by this application.
  • the second WSS 902 is used to send optical signals to the line side or receive optical signals from the line side.
  • the first WSS 1101 and the second WSS 1102 carry out wave uploading or wave dropping.
  • FIG 12 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical transmission system in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the optical transmission system includes multiple ROADMs connected through optical fibers.
  • the structure of the ROADM can be referred to the relevant introduction of the embodiment shown in Figure 11 above, and will not be described again here.
  • optical switching method provided by the embodiment of the present application is introduced below.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of a first process flow of an optical switching method in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the optical switching method includes the following steps.
  • optical switching engine If the optical switching engine is in the first working state, transmit the optical signal to modulator 1 through modulator 2, and adjust the deflection direction of the optical signal through modulator 1 so that the optical signal is transmitted to the first output port in the port assembly.
  • the optical switching engine If the optical switching engine is in the switching state, modulate the optical signal through the modulator 2 so that the optical signal is transmitted in other directions except the port component.
  • the optical signal has a first polarization state. Specifically, the optical signal is adjusted to the second polarization state through the modulator 2, and the optical signal with the second polarization state is transmitted to the modulator 1, wherein the first polarization state and the second polarization state are orthogonal to each other, and have a third polarization state.
  • the optical signal with two polarization states will not be deflected by the modulator 1 to adjust the deflection direction, so that the optical signal with the second polarization state is transmitted in other directions except the port component.
  • the implementation of the optical switching method may refer to the relevant introduction of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 above.
  • the deflection direction of the optical signal is adjusted through the modulator 2 so that the optical signal is transmitted in directions other than the modulator 1 .
  • the implementation of the optical switching method may refer to the relevant introduction of the embodiment shown in FIG. 7 above.
  • optical switching engine If the optical switching engine is in the second working state, transmit the optical signal to modulator 1 through modulator 2, and adjust the deflection direction of the optical signal through modulator 1 so that the optical signal is transmitted to the second output port in the port assembly.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic flow chart of the second optical switching method in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the optical switching method includes the following steps.
  • the implementation of the optical switching method may refer to the relevant introduction of the embodiment shown in FIG. 8 above.
  • the optical signal has a first polarization state.
  • optical switching engine If the optical switching engine is in the first working state, adjust the deflection direction of the optical signal through modulator 1 and transmit the optical signal to modulator 2; adjust the optical signal to the second polarization state through modulator 2 and will have the second polarization state.
  • the polarized optical signal is transmitted to modulator 1.
  • the first polarization state and the second polarization state are orthogonal to each other, and the optical signal with the second polarization state will not be modulated by the modulator 1.
  • the deflection direction is such that the optical signal with the second polarization state is transmitted to the first output port in the port assembly.
  • optical switching engine If the optical switching engine is in the switching state, adjust the deflection direction of the optical signal through modulator 1 and transmit the optical signal to modulator 2; adjust the deflection direction of the optical signal reflected by modulator 2 through modulator 1, so that the light Signals are transmitted in directions other than the port component.
  • optical switching engine If the optical switching engine is in the second working state, adjust the deflection direction of the optical signal through modulator 1 and transmit the optical signal to modulator 2; adjust the optical signal to the second polarization state through modulator 2 and will have the second polarization state.
  • the polarized optical signal is transmitted to modulator 1.
  • the deflection direction of the optical signal with the second polarization state will not be adjusted by the modulator 1, so that the optical signal with the second polarization state is transmitted to the second output port in the port assembly.
  • Fig. 15 is a third flow chart of the optical switching method in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the optical switching method comprises the following steps.
  • the implementation of the optical switching method can refer to the relevant introduction of the embodiment shown in Fig. 9 above.
  • the optical signal has a first polarization state.
  • optical switching engine If the optical switching engine is in the first working state, adjust the optical signal to the second polarization state through modulator 2 and transmit the optical signal with the second polarization state to modulator 1; adjust the optical signal with the second polarization through modulator 1 The deflection direction of the optical signal in the second polarization state, so that the optical signal with the second polarization state is transmitted to the first output port in the port assembly;
  • first polarization state and the second polarization state are orthogonal to each other.
  • the optical switching engine If the optical switching engine is in the switching state, the optical signal is reflected through the modulator 2, so that the optical signal is transmitted in other directions except the port component.
  • optical switching engine If the optical switching engine is in the second working state, adjust the optical signal to the second polarization state through modulator 2 and transmit the optical signal with the second polarization state to modulator 1; adjust the optical signal with the second polarization through modulator 1
  • the deflection direction of the optical signal in the second polarization state is such that the optical signal in the second polarization state is transmitted to the second output port in the port component.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic flow chart of the fourth optical switching method in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the optical switching method includes the following steps.
  • the implementation of the optical switching method may refer to the relevant introduction of the embodiment shown in FIG. 10 above.
  • modulator 1 loads the first electrical signal, adjust the deflection direction of the optical signal through modulator 1 and transmit the optical signal to modulator 2; adjust the deflection direction of the optical signal reflected by modulator 2 through modulator 1, So that the optical signal is transmitted to the first output port in the port component.
  • the deflection direction of the optical signal is adjusted through modulator 1 and the optical signal is transmitted to modulator 2; the deflection direction of the optical signal is adjusted through modulator 2 so that the optical signal is reflected in a direction other than modulator 1.
  • optical switching engine If the optical switching engine is in the second working state, adjust the deflection direction of the optical signal through modulator 1 and transmit the optical signal to modulator 2; adjust the deflection direction of the optical signal reflected by modulator 2 through modulator 1, so as to The optical signal is transmitted to the second output port in the port component.

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供了一种光交换引擎及相关设备和方法。光交换引擎包括两层调制器，光交换引擎有两种状态，一种是工作状态，另一种是切换状态。在工作状态时，光交换引擎的两层调制器通过配合可以正常调节光信号的偏转方向，以使其向指定的输出端口传输。在切换状态时，光交换引擎的两层调制器通过配合使得暂时没有光信号从端口组件输出，从而避免了切换端口的过程中有光信号串扰到其他输出端口。并且，由于光交换引擎在第一工作状态和第二工作状态之间设置了切换状态，只需要将加载的第一电信号切换为第二电信号即可完成第一工作状态到第二工作状态的切换，无需在第一电信号和第二电信号之间加载多个其他电信号，缩短了切换端口所需要的时长。

Description

一种光交换引擎及相关设备和方法
本申请要求于2022年9月23日提交中国国家知识产权局、申请号为202211164495.2、申请名称为“一种光交换引擎及相关设备和方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及光交换领域，尤其涉及一种光交换引擎及相关设备和方法。
背景技术
可重构光分插复用器(Reconfiguration Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer，ROADM)和光交叉连接(Optical Cross-Connect，OXC)是构建全光网络的关键技术，能够在网络的各个节点实现波长级交换，完成业务的智能化传输和调度。目前，ROADM和OXC主要采用波长选择开关(Wavelength Selective Switch，WSS)来搭建网络的关键节点，以实现灵活的信号波长调度和大规模的组网。WSS模块能独立的将输入端口的波分复用信号中的任意波长分配到任意的输出端口，无需通过电光/光电转换，在光层对网络节点的光信号直接进行交换和路由。
为满足ROADM和OXC系统的快速路由和高可靠性的目的，因此对WSS的光束切换速度提出了更高的挑战。应理解，硅基液晶(Liquid Crystal on Silicon，LCOS)是业界WSS采用的主流光交换引擎，通过在LCOS上加载不同相位图可以改变光束经过LCOS的偏转方向，从而切换光束的输出端口。在某个波长的光束从当前输出端口向目标输出端口切换的过程中，可能会有部分光束传输到非目标端口，从而形成串扰。目前通常会在LCOS的初态相位图和终态相位图之间插入多个中间相位图，以使得切换过程中的相位变化可控，从而避免串扰。但是，插入多个中间相位图会导致切换的时间变长，影响光交换引擎的切换速度。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了一种光交换引擎及相关设备和方法，保证在切换端口时不会有串扰，并且缩短了切换端口所需要的时长。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种光交换引擎。光交换引擎包括第一调制器和第二调制器，来自端口组件中输入端口的目标光信号传输至光交换引擎。第一调制器用于接收目标光信号。若光交换引擎处于第一工作状态，第一调制器用于将目标光信号传输至第二调制器，第二调制器用于调节目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得目标光信号向端口组件中第一输出端口传输。若光交换引擎处于切换状态，第一调制器用于对目标光信号进行调制，以使得目标光信号向除端口组件之外的其他方向传输。若光交换引擎处于第二工作状态，第一调制器用于将目标光信号传输至第二调制器，第二调制器用于调节目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得目标光信号向端口组件中第二输出端口传输。
需要说明的是，光交换引擎包括两层调制器，光交换引擎有两种状态，一种是工作状态，另一种是切换状态。其中，工作状态包括第一工作状态和第二工作状态等不同的工作状态。具体地，光交换引擎可以通过在其中一个调制器加载电信号以调节入射光信号的偏转方向，光交换引擎处于不同的工作状态时其加载的电信号也不同，例如，光交换引擎在第一工作状态时加载第一电信号，光交换引擎在第二工作状态时加载第二电信号。应理解，若光交换引擎处于工作状态，两层调制器通过配合使得光信号朝指定输出端口传输。若光交换引擎处于切换状态，光交换引擎的其中一个调制器加载的电信号处于切换的过程中，两层调制器通过配合使得没有光信号从端口组件输出。也就是说，光交换引擎处于工作状态时两层调制器的工作模式不同于光交换引擎处于切换状态时两层调制器的工作模式，因此从光交换引擎的实现效果上可以将光交换引擎的状态分为工作状态和切换状态。
还需要说明的是，本申请不限定光交换引擎开启切换状态和结束切换状态的具体时间点，只要切换状态的时长包括电信号的切换时长即可。例如，在加载的第一电信号还没有切换到第二电信号之前，就可以提前让光交换引擎处于切换状态，以保证在电信号开始切换后不会有光信号串扰到其他输出端口，进而在第二电信号加载完成后再让光交换引擎切换回工作状态。应理解，由于本申请为光交换引擎设置了切换状态，因此只需要将加载的第一电信号切换为第二电信号即可完成切换，而无需在第一电信号和第二电信号之间加载多个其他电信号，缩短了切换端口所需要的时长。
在该实施方式中，光交换引擎包括两层调制器，光交换引擎有两种状态，一种是工作状态，另一种是切换状态。在工作状态时，光交换引擎的两层调制器通过配合可以正常调节光信号的偏转方向，以使其向指定的输出端口传输。在切换状态时，光交换引擎的两层调制器通过配合使得暂时没有光信号从端口组件输出，从而避免了切换端口的过程中有光信号串扰到其他输出端口。并且，由于光交换引擎在第一工作状态和第二工作状态之间设置了切换状态，不用担心电信号切换的过程中有端口串扰，因此只需要将加载的第一电信号切换为第二电信号即可完成第一工作状态到第二工作状态的切换，也就无需在第一电信号和第二电信号之间加载多个其他电信号，缩短了切换端口所需要的时长。
在一些可能的实施方式中，目标光信号具有第一偏振态。若光交换引擎处于切换状态，第一调制器具体用于将目标光信号调节为第二偏振态，并将具有第二偏振态的目标光信号传输至第二调制器。其中，第一偏振态与第二偏振态相互正交，具有第二偏振态的目标光信号不会被第二调制器调节偏转方向，以使得具有第二偏振态的目标光信号向除端口组件之外的其他方向传输。在该实施方式中，第一调制器具体通过调节目标光信号的偏振态来实现目标光信号向除端口组件之外的其他方向传输，增强了本方案的实用性。
在一些可能的实施方式中，若光交换引擎处于第一工作状态，第一调制器还用于将目标光信号调节为第三偏振态，并将具有第三偏振态的目标光信号传输至第二调制器，第一偏振态与第三偏振态不同。第二调制器用于调节具有第三偏振态的部分目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得具有第三偏振态的部分目标光信号向第一输出端口传输。若光交换引擎处于第二工作状态，第一调制器还用于将目标光信号调节为第三偏振态，并将具有第三偏振态的目标光信号传输至第二调制器，第二调制器用于调节具有第三偏振态的部分目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得具有第三偏振态的部分目标光信号向第二输出端口传输。在该实施方式中，调第一制器也可以将光信号的偏振态旋转任意角度，这样一来，第二调制器可以调节部分光信号的偏 转方向，以使得部分光信号可以向指定输出端口传输，从而满足一些场景下对端口输出的光信号进行衰减的需求。
在一些可能的实施方式中，第一调制器包括玻璃基板、像素化电极基板、第一液晶层、第一取向层和第二取向层，第一液晶层位于第一取向层与第二取向层之间，第一取向层位于像素化电极基板与第一液晶层之间，第二取向层位于玻璃基板与第一液晶层之间。第二调制器包括玻璃基板、硅基背板、第二液晶层、第三取向层和第四取向层，第二液晶层位于第三取向层与第四取向层之间，第三取向层位于玻璃基板与第二液晶层之间，第四取向层位于硅基背板与第二液晶层之间。其中，玻璃基板的正反表面都设置有氧化铟锡(Indium-tin-oxide，ITO)。在该实施方式中，提供了光交换引擎的一种具体结构，光交换引擎采用集成封装工艺将第一调制器与第二调制器封装成一个器件，第一调制器与第二调制器不是分离的，二者之间不存在空气间隙，且光线在二者之间不发生折射或者衍射，采用这种结构设计的光交换引擎的集成度更高。
在一些可能的实施方式中，若光交换引擎处于切换状态，第一调制器具体用于调节目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得目标光信号向除第二调制器之外的方向传输。在该实施方式中，第一调制器具体通过调节目标光信号的偏转方向来实现目标光信号向除端口组件之外的其他方向传输，增强了本方案的实用性。
在一些可能的实施方式中，若光交换引擎处于第一工作状态或第二工作状态，第一调制器还用于通过调节目标光信号的偏转方向以衰减传输至第二调制器的目标光信号，从而满足一些场景下对端口输出的光信号进行衰减的需求。
在一些可能的实施方式中，第一调制器为微机电系统(micro-electro-mechanical system，MEMS)微镜、数字微镜器件(Digital Micro-Mirror Devices，DMD)或液晶器件，第二调制器为MEMS微镜、DMD或液晶器件。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供了一种光交换引擎。光交换引擎包括第一调制器和第二调制器，来自端口组件中输入端口的目标光信号传输至光交换引擎，目标光信号具有第一偏振态。第一调制器用于接收目标光信号，并将目标光信号传输至第二调制器。其中，第一调制器用于调节具有第一偏振态的目标光信号的偏转方向，或者，第一调制器用于调节经过第二调制器后具有第二偏振态的目标光信号的偏转方向，第一偏振态与第二偏振态相互正交。若光交换引擎处于第一工作状态，第二调制器用于将第一偏振态的目标光信号调节为第二偏振态，以使得具有第二偏振态的目标光信号经过第一调制器向端口组件中第一输出端口传输。若光交换引擎处于切换状态，第二调制器用于反射第一偏振态的目标光信号，以使得第一偏振态的目标光信号经过第一调制器向除端口组件之外的其他方向传输。若光交换引擎处于第二工作状态，第二调制器用于将第一偏振态的目标光信号调节为第二偏振态，以使得具有第二偏振态的目标光信号经过第一调制器向端口组件中第二输出端口传输。
在一些可能的实施方式中，若光交换引擎处于第一工作状态，第一调制器用于调节第一偏振态的目标光信号的偏转方向并将第一偏振态的目标光信号传输至第二调制器。若光交换引擎处于切换状态，第一调制器用于调节第一偏振态的目标光信号的偏转方向并将第一偏振态的目标光信号传输至第二调制器；第一调制器还用于调节被第二调制器反射的第一偏振态的目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得第一偏振态的目标光信号向除端口组件之外的其他方向传 输。若光交换引擎处于第二工作状态，第一调制器用于调节第一偏振态的目标光信号的偏转方向并将第一偏振态的目标光信号传输至第二调制器。
在一些可能的实施方式中，若光交换引擎处于第一工作状态，第二调制器用于将第一偏振态的目标光信号调节为第三偏振态并将具有第三偏振态的目标光信号传输至第一调制器，第一偏振态与第三偏振态不同，第一调制器还用于调节具有第三偏振态的部分目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得具有第三偏振态的部分目标光信号向除第一输出端口之外的其他方向传输。若光交换引擎处于第二工作状态，第二调制器用于将第一偏振态的目标光信号调节为第三偏振态并将具有第三偏振态的目标光信号传输至第一调制器，第一调制器还用于调节具有第三偏振态的部分目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得具有第三偏振态的部分目标光信号向除第二输出端口之外的其他方向传输。
在一些可能的实施方式中，若光交换引擎处于第一工作状态，第一调制器用于调节具有第二偏振态的目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得具有第二偏振态的目标光信号向第一输出端口传输。若光交换引擎处于第二工作状态，第一调制器用于调节具有第二偏振态的目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得具有第二偏振态的目标光信号向第二输出端口传输。
在一些可能的实施方式中，若光交换引擎处于第一工作状态，第二调制器用于将第一偏振态的目标光信号调节为第三偏振态并将具有第三偏振态的目标光信号传输至第一调制器，第一偏振态与第三偏振态不同，第一调制器用于调节具有第三偏振态的部分目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得具有第三偏振态的部分目标光信号向第一输出端口传输。若光交换引擎处于第二工作状态，第二调制器用于将第一偏振态的目标光信号调节为第三偏振态并将具有第三偏振态的目标光信号传输至第一调制器；第一调制器用于调节具有第三偏振态的部分目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得具有第三偏振态的部分目标光信号向第二输出端口传输。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供了一种光交换引擎。光交换引擎包括第一调制器和第二调制器，来自端口组件中输入端口的目标光信号传输至光交换引擎。第一调制器用于接收目标光信号。若光交换引擎处于第一工作状态，第一调制器用于调节目标光信号的偏转方向并将目标光信号传输至第二调制器。第一调制器还用于调节被第二调制器反射的目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得目标光信号向端口组件中第一输出端口传输。若光交换引擎处于切换状态，第一调制器用于调节目标光信号的偏转方向并将目标光信号传输至第二调制器。第二调制器用于调节目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得目标光信号向除第一调制器之外的方向反射。若光交换引擎处于第二工作状态，第一调制器用于调节目标光信号的偏转方向并将目标光信号传输至第二调制器。第一调制器还用于调节被第二调制器反射的目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得目标光信号向端口组件中第二输出端口传输。
在一些可能的实施方式中，若光交换引擎处于第一工作状态，第二调制器还用于调节目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得部分目标光信号向除第一调制器之外的方向反射，以衰减向第一输出端口传输的目标光信号。若光交换引擎处于第二工作状态，第二调制器还用于调节目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得部分目标光信号向除第一调制器之外的方向反射，以衰减向第二输出端口传输的目标光信号。
第四方面，本申请实施例提供了一种WSS。该WSS包括：端口组件、色散装置和如上述 第一方面至第三方面任一实施方式介绍的光交换引擎，其中，端口组件包括输入端口、第一输出端口和第二输出端口。色散装置用于将输入端口输入的合波光信号分解为多个子波长光信号，并将多个子波长光信号传输至光交换引擎，其中，光交换引擎接收的目标光信号为多个子波长光信号中的至少一个子波长光信号。
在一些可能的实施方式中，WSS还包括偏振组件。偏振组件用于对来自输入端口的合波光信号进行偏振处理，以使得合波光信号中每个子波长光信号具有偏振态。
在一些可能的实施方式中，WSS还包括第一透镜和第二透镜，第一透镜位于端口组件与色散装置之间，第二透镜位于色散装置与光交换引擎之间。第一透镜用于对来自输入端口的合波光信号进行汇聚。第二透镜用于对来自色散装置的每路子波长光信号进行准直。
第五方面，本申请实施例提供了一种ROADM。该ROADM包括：至少一个第一WSS和至少一个第二WSS，第一WSS和第二WSS为如第四方面任一实施方式介绍的WSS。至少一个第一WSS用于上波或下波，至少一个第二WSS用于向线路侧发送光信号或者从线路侧接收光信号。
第六方面，本申请实施例提供了一种光传输系统。光传输系统包括多个如第五方面介绍的ROADM，每相邻两个ROADM之间通过光纤连接。
第七方面，本申请实施例提供了一种光传输方法。该方法应用于光交换引擎，光交换引擎包括第一调制器和第二调制器，来自端口组件中输入端口的目标光信号传输至光交换引擎；方法包括：通过第一调制器接收目标光信号。若光交换引擎处于第一工作状态，通过第一调制器将目标光信号传输至第二调制器，通过第二调制器调节目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得目标光信号向端口组件中第一输出端口传输。若光交换引擎处于切换状态，通过第一调制器对目标光信号进行调制，以使得目标光信号向除端口组件之外的其他方向传输。若光交换引擎处于第二工作状态，通过第一调制器将目标光信号传输至第二调制器，通过第二调制器调节目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得目标光信号向端口组件中第二输出端口传输。
在一些可能的实施方式中，目标光信号具有第一偏振态，通过第一调制器对目标光信号进行调制包括：通过第一调制器将目标光信号调节为第二偏振态，并将具有第二偏振态的目标光信号传输至第二调制器，其中，第一偏振态与第二偏振态相互正交，具有第二偏振态的目标光信号经过第二调制器向除端口组件之外的其他方向传输。
在一些可能的实施方式中，方法还包括：若光交换引擎处于第一工作状态，通过第一调制器将目标光信号调节为第三偏振态，并将具有第三偏振态的目标光信号传输至第二调制器，第一偏振态与第三偏振态不同；通过第二调制器调节具有第三偏振态的部分目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得具有第三偏振态的部分目标光信号向第一输出端口传输。若光交换引擎处于第二工作状态，通过第一调制器将目标光信号调节为第三偏振态，并将具有第三偏振态的目标光信号传输至第二调制器，通过第二调制器调节具有第三偏振态的部分目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得具有第三偏振态的部分目标光信号向第二输出端口传输。
在一些可能的实施方式中，第一调制器包括玻璃基板、像素化电极基板、第一液晶层、第一取向层和第二取向层，第一液晶层位于第一取向层与第二取向层之间，第一取向层位于像素化电极基板与第一液晶层之间，第二取向层位于玻璃基板与第一液晶层之间。第二调制 器包括玻璃基板、硅基背板、第二液晶层、第三取向层和第四取向层，第二液晶层位于第三取向层与第四取向层之间，第三取向层位于玻璃基板与第二液晶层之间，第四取向层位于硅基背板与第二液晶层之间；玻璃基板的正反表面都设置有ITO。
在一些可能的实施方式中，通过第一调制器对目标光信号进行调制包括：通过第一调制器调节目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得目标光信号向除第二调制器之外的方向传输。
在一些可能的实施方式中，方法还包括：若光交换引擎处于第一工作状态或第二工作状态，通过第一调制器调节目标光信号的偏转方向以衰减传输至第二调制器的目标光信号。
在一些可能的实施方式中，第一调制器为MEMS微镜、DMD或液晶器件，第二调制器为MEMS微镜、DMD或液晶器件。
第八方面，本申请实施例提供了一种光传输方法。该方法应用于光交换引擎，光交换引擎包括第一调制器和第二调制器，来自端口组件中输入端口的目标光信号传输至光交换引擎，目标光信号具有第一偏振态；方法包括：通过第一调制器接收第一偏振态的目标光信号，并将第一偏振态的目标光信号传输至第二调制器。其中，第一调制器用于调节具有第一偏振态的目标光信号的偏转方向，或者，第一调制器用于调节经过第二调制器后具有第二偏振态的目标光信号的偏转方向，第一偏振态与第二偏振态相互正交。若光交换引擎处于第一工作状态，通过第二调制器将第一偏振态的目标光信号调节为第二偏振态，以使得具有第二偏振态的目标光信号经过第一调制器向端口组件中第一输出端口传输。若光交换引擎处于切换状态，通过第二调制器反射第一偏振态的目标光信号，以使得第一偏振态的目标光信号经过第一调制器向除端口组件之外的其他方向传输。若光交换引擎处于第二工作状态，通过第二调制器将第一偏振态的目标光信号调节为第二偏振态，以使得具有第二偏振态的目标光信号经过第一调制器向端口组件中第二输出端口传输。
在一些可能的实施方式中，方法还包括：若光交换引擎处于第一工作状态，通过第一调制器调节第一偏振态的目标光信号的偏转方向并将第一偏振态的目标光信号传输至第二调制器。若光交换引擎处于切换状态，通过第一调制器调节第一偏振态的目标光信号的偏转方向并将第一偏振态的目标光信号传输至第二调制器；通过第一调制器调节被第二调制器反射的第一偏振态的目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得第一偏振态的目标光信号向除端口组件之外的其他方向传输。若光交换引擎处于第二工作状态，通过第一调制器用于调节第一偏振态的目标光信号的偏转方向并将第一偏振态的目标光信号传输至第二调制器。
在一些可能的实施方式中，方法还包括：若光交换引擎处于第一工作状态，通过第二调制器将第一偏振态的目标光信号调节为第三偏振态并将具有第三偏振态的目标光信号传输至第一调制器，第一偏振态与第三偏振态不同，通过第一调制器调节具有第三偏振态的部分目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得具有第三偏振态的部分目标光信号向除第一输出端口之外的其他方向传输。若光交换引擎处于第二工作状态，通过第二调制器将第一偏振态的目标光信号调节为第三偏振态并将具有第三偏振态的目标光信号传输至第一调制器，通过第一调制器调节具有第三偏振态的部分目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得具有第三偏振态的部分目标光信号向除第二输出端口之外的其他方向传输。
在一些可能的实施方式中，方法还包括：若光交换引擎处于第一工作状态，通过第一调制器调节具有第二偏振态的目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得具有第二偏振态的目标光信号向 第一输出端口传输。若光交换引擎处于第二工作状态，通过第一调制器调节具有第二偏振态的目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得具有第二偏振态的目标光信号向第二输出端口传输。
在一些可能的实施方式中，方法还包括：若光交换引擎处于第一工作状态，通过第二调制器将第一偏振态的目标光信号调节为第三偏振态并将具有第三偏振态的目标光信号传输至第一调制器，第一偏振态与第三偏振态不同，通过第一调制器调节具有第三偏振态的部分目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得具有第三偏振态的部分目标光信号向第一输出端口传输。若光交换引擎处于第二工作状态，通过第二调制器将第一偏振态的目标光信号调节为第三偏振态并将具有第三偏振态的目标光信号传输至第一调制器，通过第一调制器调节具有第三偏振态的部分目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得具有第三偏振态的部分目标光信号向第二输出端口传输。
第九方面，本申请实施例提供了一种光传输方法。该方法应用于光交换引擎，光交换引擎包括第一调制器和第二调制器，来自端口组件中输入端口的目标光信号传输至光交换引擎；方法包括：通过第一调制器接收目标光信号。若光交换引擎处于第一工作状态，通过第一调制器调节目标光信号的偏转方向并将目标光信号传输至第二调制器；通过第一调制器调节被第二调制器反射的目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得目标光信号向端口组件中第一输出端口传输。若光交换引擎处于切换状态，通过第一调制器调节目标光信号的偏转方向并将目标光信号传输至第二调制器；通过第二调制器调节目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得目标光信号向除第一调制器之外的方向反射。若光交换引擎处于第二工作状态，通过第一调制器调节目标光信号的偏转方向并将目标光信号传输至第二调制器；通过第一调制器调节被第二调制器反射的目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得目标光信号向端口组件中第二输出端口传输。
在一些可能的实施方式中，方法还包括：若光交换引擎处于第一工作状态，通过第二调制器调节目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得部分目标光信号向除第一调制器之外的方向反射，以衰减向第一输出端口传输的目标光信号。若光交换引擎处于第二工作状态，通过第二调制器调节目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得部分目标光信号向除第一调制器之外的方向反射，以衰减向第二输出端口传输的目标光信号。
本申请实施例中，光交换引擎包括两层调制器，光交换引擎有两种状态，一种是工作状态，另一种是切换状态。在工作状态时，光交换引擎的两层调制器通过配合可以正常调节光信号的偏转方向，以使其向指定的输出端口传输。在切换状态时，光交换引擎的两层调制器通过配合使得暂时没有光信号从端口组件输出，从而避免了切换端口的过程中有光信号串扰到其他输出端口。并且，由于光交换引擎在第一工作状态和第二工作状态之间设置了切换状态，不用担心电信号切换的过程中有端口串扰，因此只需要将加载的第一电信号切换为第二电信号即可完成第一工作状态到第二工作状态的切换，也就无需在第一电信号和第二电信号之间加载多个其他电信号，缩短了切换端口所需要的时长。
附图说明
图1为ROADM的一种系统架构图；
图2为本申请实施例中WSS的一种光路示意图；
图3为本申请实施例中光交换引擎切换状态的第一种示意图；
图4为本申请实施例中光交换引擎一种可能的结构示意图；
图5为光交换引擎中各取向层的一种设计方式；
图6为光交换引擎实现衰减功能的一种示意图；
图7为本申请实施例中光交换引擎切换状态的第二种示意图；
图8为本申请实施例中光交换引擎切换状态的第三种示意图；
图9为本申请实施例中光交换引擎切换状态的第四种示意图；
图10为本申请实施例中光交换引擎切换状态的第五种示意图；
图11为本申请实施例中ROADM的一种结构示意图；
图12为本申请实施例中光传输系统的一种结构示意图；
图13为本申请实施例中光交换方法的第一种流程示意图；
图14为本申请实施例中光交换方法的第二种流程示意图；
图15为本申请实施例中光交换方法的第三种流程示意图；
图16为本申请实施例中光交换方法的第四种流程示意图。
具体实施方式
本申请实施例提供了一种光交换引擎及相关设备和方法，保证在切换端口时不会有串扰，并且缩短了切换端口所需要的时长。需要说明的是，本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等(如果存在)是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换，以便这里描述的实施例能够以除了在这里图示或描述的内容以外的顺序实施。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含，例如，包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或单元，而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。
本申请提供的光交换引擎可主要应用于WSS中，并且WSS主要应用于ROADM中。下面首先对ROADM和WSS的结构进行介绍。
图1为ROADM的一种系统架构图。如图1所示，ROADM由线路侧模块和客户侧模块构成。其中，线路侧模块通常包括多个互连的WSS 101，客户侧模块包括上下波波长选择开关(add-drop wavelength selective switch，ADWSS)102。以M×N的ADWSS 102为例，该ADWSS 102具有M个线路侧端口，M个线路侧端口分别连接线路侧模块中的M个WSS 101，该ADWSS 102具有N个客户侧端口，N个客户侧端口分别连接客户侧的N个光收发模块。其中，N的数量取决于客户侧上下波(add/drop)的业务数量。WSS 101用于向线路侧发送光信号或者从线路侧接收光信号，ADWSS 102用于上波或下波。需要说明的是，本申请实施例提供的WSS具体可以是WSS 101或ADWSS 102，下文中不再对WSS和ADWSS进行区分，统一用WSS来进行介绍和说明。
图2为本申请实施例中WSS的一种光路示意图。如图2所示，WSS包括端口组件10、色散装置20和光交换引擎30。其中，端口组件10包括输入端口101和多个输出端口，例如，多个输出端口包括第一输出端口102和第二输出端口103等。为了便于介绍，将光的传输方向定义为C方向，端口方向定义为A方向，光的色散方向定义为B方向。应理解，端口方向 也可以称之为交换方向，色散方向也可以称之为波长方向。其中，A方向与C方向垂直，B方向与C方向垂直，A方向与B方向垂直。另外，本申请不限定WSS中端口的具体数量，附图中展示的数量只是一种示例。
具体地，输入端口101输入为包括多个波长的合波光信号，例如，该合波光信号包括λ1、λ2…λn共n个波长。色散装置20可以在Y方向上将合波光信号分解为多个子波长光信号，以使得多个子波长光信号在空间上分开。光交换引擎30用于对输入的多个子波长光信号分别进行调制，从而调节每个子波长光信号的偏转方向。偏转方向调节后的每个子波长光信号经过色散装置20向对应的输出端口传输，例如，第一子波长光信号向第一输出端口102传输，第二子波长光信号向第二输出端口103传输。应理解，光交换引擎30可以通过加载不同的电信号灵活调节每个子波长光信号的偏转方向，以切换每个子波长光信号的输出端口。例如，通过改变光交换引擎30上加载的相位图将第一子波长光信号切换到向第二输出端口103传输，或者将第二子波长光信号切换到向第一输出端口102传输。
在一些可能的实施方式中，WSS还可以包括偏振组件40、第一透镜50和第二透镜60。其中，第一透镜50位于端口组件10与色散装置20之间，第二透镜60位于色散装置20和光交换引擎30之间。偏振组件40用于对输入端口101输入的合波光信号进行偏振处理，以使得合波光信号中每个子波长光信号具有指定的偏振态。
需要说明的是，端口组件10的实现形式包括但不限于光纤阵列和波导阵列等，具体可以是一维阵列，也可以是二维阵列。色散组件20的实现形式包括但不限于光栅和棱镜等。光交换引擎30通过改变子波长光信号的偏转方向可以使得该子波长光信号无损的全部传输至输出端口，或者使子波长光信号无法传输至输出端口，又或者使得部分子波长光信号可以传输至输出端口。应理解，上述图1所示WSS中的光路设计只是作为一个示例，在实际应用中也可以有其他的光路设计，从而可以适配WSS中各种常用的光路设计。例如，WSS也可以采用反射式的色散组件20，WSS也可以采用透射式的光交换引擎30，具体光路本领域技术人员可知，此处不再逐一介绍。
本申请提供的光交换引擎具有两层调制器，基于两层调制器的设计，光交换引擎具有两种状态，一种是工作状态，另一种是切换状态。在工作状态时，光交换引擎可以正常调节光信号的偏转方向，以使其向指定的输出端口传输。在切换状态时，光交换引擎通过处理使得所有输出端口都没有光信号输出。应理解，调制器1用于实现光信号偏转方向的调节，调制器2用于实现光交换引擎的状态切换。
需要说明的是，光交换引擎的工作状态包括第一工作状态和第二工作状态等不同的工作状态。具体地，光交换引擎可以通过在调制器1加载电信号以调节入射光信号的偏转方向，光交换引擎处于不同的工作状态时其加载的电信号也不同，例如，光交换引擎在第一工作状态时加载第一电信号，光交换引擎在第二工作状态时加载第二电信号。应理解，若光交换引擎处于工作状态，两层调制器通过配合使得光信号朝指定输出端口传输。若光交换引擎处于切换状态，调制器1加载的电信号处于切换的过程中，两层调制器通过配合使得没有光信号从端口组件输出。也就是说，光交换引擎处于工作状态时两层调制器的工作模式不同于光交换引擎处于切换状态时两层调制器的工作模式，因此从光交换引擎的实现效果上可以将光交换引擎的状态分为工作状态和切换状态。
还需要说明的是，本申请不限定光交换引擎开启切换状态和结束切换状态的具体时间点， 只要切换状态的时长包括电信号的切换时长即可。例如，在加载的第一电信号还没有切换到第二电信号之前，就可以提前让光交换引擎处于切换状态，以保证在电信号开始切换后不会有光信号串扰到其他输出端口，进而在第二电信号加载完成后再让光交换引擎切换回工作状态。应理解，由于本申请为光交换引擎设置了切换状态，不用担心电信号切换的过程中有端口串扰，因此只需要将加载的第一电信号切换为第二电信号即可完成切换，而无需在第一电信号和第二电信号之间加载多个其他电信号，缩短了切换端口所需要的时长。
下面对本申请提供的光交换引擎进行详细介绍。为了便于介绍，下面以光交换引擎对其中一路子波长光信号的处理为例进行介绍，下文将子波长光信号简称为光信号。需要说明的是，光交换引擎中两层调制器的位置可以相互调换，因此申请提供了多种光交换引擎的设计方案。例如，调制器2位于上层，调制器1位于下层。又例如，调制器1位于上层，调制器2位于下层。其中，上层和下层是根据光信号输入的先后顺序来定义的，上层调制器会先接收到输入光交换引擎的光信号。并且，上述调制器2也有多种实施方式，例如，调制器2可以通过选择是否调节入射光信号的偏振态来实现光交换引擎的状态切换；又例如，调制器2也可以通过选择是否调节入射光信号的偏转方向来实现光交换引擎的状态切换。应理解，本申请不限定调制器1调节光束偏转方向的具体实施方式，例如，调制器1可以采用液晶器件、微机电系统(micro-electro-mechanical system，MEMS)微镜、数字微镜器件(Digital Micro-Mirror Devices，DMD)或超表面(Metasurface)等，具体设计本领域技术人员可知，本申请不再逐一介绍。
实施例1：调制器2位于上层，调制器1位于下层，调制器2用于调节光信号的偏振态，调制器1和调制器2采用液晶调制器，入射光信号具有第一偏振态。
图3为本申请实施例中光交换引擎切换状态的第一种示意图。其中，来自输入端口101的光信号具有第一偏振态。如图3的(a)示例所示，光交换引擎处于第一工作状态，即调制器1当前加载第一电信号，调制器2用于将来自输入端口101的光信号透传至调制器1，调制器1根据加载的第一电信号调节光信号的偏转方向，以使得光信号向第一输出端口102传输。如图3的(b)示例所示，光交换引擎处于切换状态，此时调制器2将来自输入端口101的光信号调节为第二偏振态，其中，第一偏振态与第二偏振态相互正交。应理解，由于光信号的偏振态发生了90°偏转，调制器1无法再调节光信号的偏转方向，光信号经过调制器1的反射后向除端口组件10之外的其他方向传输，即光交换引擎处于切换状态时不会有端口串扰。如图3的(c)示例所示，光交换引擎处于第二工作状态，即调制器1当前加载第二电信号，调制器2用于将来自输入端口101的光信号透传至调制器1，调制器1根据加载的第二电信号调节光信号的偏转方向，以使得光信号向第二输出端口103传输。
图4为本申请实施例中光交换引擎一种可能的结构示意图。如图4所示，调制器2包括玻璃基板301、像素化电极基板302、第一液晶层303、第一取向层304和第二取向层305，第一液晶层303位于第一取向层304与第二取向层305之间，第一取向层304位于像素化电极基板302与第一液晶层303之间，第二取向层305位于玻璃基板301与第一液晶层303之间。调制器1包括玻璃基板301、硅基背板306、第二液晶层307、第三取向层308和第四取向层309，第二液晶层307位于第三取向层308与第四取向层309之间，第三取向层308位于玻璃基板301与第二液晶层307之间，第四取向层309位于硅基背板306与第二液晶层307 之间。并且，玻璃基板301的正反表面都设置有氧化铟锡(Indium-tin-oxide，ITO)310。应理解，在该实施例中，光交换引擎采用集成封装工艺将调制器1与调制器2封装成一个器件，调制器1与调制器2不是分离的，二者之间不存在空气间隙，且光线在二者之间不发生折射或者衍射。
需要说明的是，像素化电极基板302上的电极分布与第一液晶层303中的像素分布是对应的，从而具有像素级的控制能力。调制器2可以通过在像素化电极基板302上加载电压来调节光信号的偏振态。其中，像素化电极基板302上的电极可以是一维分布或二维分布，具体以实际需要为准，此处不做限定。
应理解，设置在液晶层两侧的取向层用于使液晶分子具有特定的初始排布方向。作为一个示例，图5为光交换引擎中各取向层的一种设计方式。如图5所示，第二取向层和第三取向层可以分别视为中间层的正反两面。将垂直于各取向层所在平面的方向定义为Z方向，X方向和Y方向平行于各取向层所在平面，且X方向与Y方向垂直。具体地，入射光信号的偏振方向与X方向平行，第一取向层沿X方向取向，第二取向层、第三取向层和第四取向层沿Y方向取向。当光交换引擎处于工作状态时，调制器2不加载电信号，液晶分子保持初始排布方向，入射光信号的偏振方向与X方向平行，调制器1可以正常调节光信号的偏转方向，使得光信号向指定的输出端口传输。当光交换引擎处于切换状态时，调制器2通过加载电信号改变液晶分子的排布方向，从而使得光信号的偏振方向与Y方向平行，此时调制器1不能调节光信号的偏转方向，使得光信号向端口组件之外的其他方向传输。
需要说明的是，上述图5介绍的示例是基于扭曲向列型(Twist Nematic，TN)模式来设置光信号的偏振态和各取向层的取向方向。在实际应用中，还可以基于垂直取向型(Vertical Alignment，VA)、电控双折射型(Electrically controlled birefringence，ECB)或铁电液晶模式等来灵活设置光信号的偏振态和各取向层的取向方向，以满足本申请的设计要求，具体实现方式本领域技术人员可知，本申请不再逐一介绍。
还需要说明的是，根据WSS系统的端口需求，可以将光交换引擎设计为符合Single WSS、Twin WSS或Quard WSS的不同形式。具体地，像素化电极基板302上的电极分布的行数匹配WSS的端口数。对于Single WSS，在端口方向，像素化电极基板302上的电极分布为一行排列。对于Twin WSS，在端口方向，像素化电极基板302上的电极分布为两行排列。硅基背板306具有很小的像素，故此可以根据Single WSS、Twin WSS或Quard WSS的不同设计要求在端口方向进行划分，具体实现方式本领域技术人员可知，此处不再赘述。应理解，根据WSS系统的波长数和带宽需求，可以将光交换引擎在色散方向划分为对应波长数的通道。例如，对于C波段的80波，在色散方向，像素化电极基板302的电极划分为80个通道，硅基背板306的电极划分为80个通道。
在一些可能的实施方式中，当光交换引擎处于工作状态时，调制器2也可以对光信号的偏振态进行调节。例如，调制器2将光信号的第一偏振态调节为第三偏振态，第三偏振态与第一偏振态不同。也就是说，调制器2也可以将光信号的偏振态旋转任意角度。这样一来，调制器1可以调节部分光信号的偏转方向，以使得部分光信号可以向指定输出端口传输，从而满足一些场景下对端口输出的光信号进行衰减的需求。例如，当光交换引擎处于第一工作状态时，部分光信号从第一输出端口102输出。又例如，当光交换引擎处于第二工作状态时，部分光信号从第二输出端口103输出。其中，光信号的衰减比例与调制器2对光信号偏振态 进行旋转的角度大小相关，具体可以根据实际需要灵活设置，此处不做限定。应理解，在该实施方式中，若第三偏振态与第二偏振态相同，则全部光信号都将被衰减。
图6为光交换引擎实现衰减功能的一种示意图。如图6所示，对于某一个通道，当不需要对光信号做衰减时，调制器2不对光信号的偏振态进行调节，从输出端口输出的光功率较高。当需要对该通道的光信号进行衰减时，调制器2对光信号的偏振态进行调节，使得从输出端口输出的光功率，衰减比例可以通过调制器2加载的电压大小来控制。具体地，可以对整个通道对应的所有电极进行控制，使得信号光谱的功率整体衰减；也可以选择对部分通道对应的电极进行控制，使得信号光谱的局部光功率衰减。
实施例2：调制器2位于上层，调制器1位于下层，调制器2用于调节光信号的偏转方向。
图7为本申请实施例中光交换引擎切换状态的第二种示意图。如图7的(a)示例所示，光交换引擎处于第一工作状态，即调制器1当前加载第一电信号，调制器2用于将来自输入端口101的光信号透传至调制器1，调制器1根据加载的第一电信号调节光信号的偏转方向，以使得光信号向第一输出端口102传输。如图7的(b)示例所示，光交换引擎处于切换状态，此时调制器2调节来自输入端口101的光信号的偏转方向，以使得光信号向除调制器1之外的其他方向传输。应理解，由于调制器1无法接收到光信号，调制器1自然也就不能将光信号反射回端口组件10，即光交换引擎处于切换状态时不会有端口串扰。如图7的(c)示例所示，光交换引擎处于第二工作状态，即调制器1当前加载第二电信号，调制器2用于将来自输入端口101的光信号透传至调制器1，调制器1根据加载的第二电信号调节光信号的偏转方向，以使得光信号向第二输出端口103传输。
需要说明的是，在该实施例中，调制器2可以采用液晶器件、MEMS微镜、DMD或超表面等器件来调节光信号的偏转方向，具体设计本领域技术人员可知，本申请不再逐一介绍。
在一些可能的实施方式中，当光交换引擎处于工作状态时，调制器2也可以调节部分光信号的偏转方向，以使得部分光信号向除调制器1之外的其他方向传输。这样一来，调制器1只能调节剩余部分光信号的偏转方向，以使得剩余部分光信号可以向指定输出端口传输，从而满足一些场景下对端口输出的光信号进行衰减的需求。例如，当光交换引擎处于第一工作状态时，一部分光信号从第一输出端口102输出。又例如，当光交换引擎处于第二工作状态时，一部分光信号从第二输出端口103输出。
实施例3：调制器1位于上层，调制器2位于下层，调制器2用于调节光信号的偏振态，调制器1和调制器2采用液晶调制器，入射光信号具有第一偏振态。
图8为本申请实施例中光交换引擎切换状态的第三种示意图。其中，来自输入端口101的光信号具有第一偏振态。如图8的(a)示例所示，光交换引擎处于第一工作状态，即调制器1当前加载第一电信号，调制器1根据加载的第一电信号调节光信号的偏转方向并将光信号传输至调制器2，调制器2用于将光信号调节为第二偏振态，其中，第一偏振态与第二偏振态相互正交。光信号被调制器2反射回调制器1后，由于光信号的偏振态发生了90°旋转，调制器1无法再调节光信号的偏转方向，光信号向第一输出端口102传输。如图8的(b)示例所示，光交换引擎处于切换状态，调制器1调节光信号的偏转方向并将光信号传输至调制 器2，调制器2不再调节光信号的偏振态，光信号被调制器2反射回调制器1后，调制器1再次调节光信号的偏转方向，以使得光信号向除端口组件10之外的其他方向传输，即光交换引擎处于切换状态时不会有端口串扰。如图8的(c)示例所示，光交换引擎处于第二工作状态，即调制器1当前加载第二电信号，调制器1根据加载的第二电信号调节光信号的偏转方向并将光信号传输至调制器2，调制器2用于将光信号调节为第二偏振态。光信号被调制器2反射回调制器1后，由于光信号的偏振态发生了90°旋转，调制器1无法再调节光信号的偏转方向，光信号向第二输出端口103传输。
应理解，本实施例中光交换引擎的具体结构可以在图4所示结构的基础上进行简单变换得到，具体实现方式本领域技术人员可知，此处不再赘述。
在一些可能的实施方式中，当光交换引擎处于工作状态时，调制器2也可以将光信号的第一偏振态调节为第三偏振态，第三偏振态与第一偏振态不同。也就是说，调制器2也可以将光信号的偏振态旋转任意角度。这样一来，光信号被调制器2反射回调制器1后，调制器1可以调节部分光信号的偏转方向，以使得部分光信号可以向除指定输出端口之外的其他方向传输，从而满足一些场景下对端口输出的光信号进行衰减的需求。例如，当光交换引擎处于第一工作状态时，一部分光信号从第一输出端口102输出，另一部分光信号向除第一输出端口102之外的方向传输。又例如，当光交换引擎处于第二工作状态时，一部分光信号从第二输出端口103输出，另一部分光信号向除第二输出端口103之外的方向传输。其中，光信号的衰减比例与调制器2对光信号偏振态进行旋转的角度大小相关，具体可以根据实际需要灵活设置，此处不做限定。应理解，在该实施方式中，若调制器2不调节光信号的偏振态，则全部光信号都将被衰减。
实施例4：调制器1位于上层，调制器2位于下层，调制器2用于调节光信号的偏振态，调制器1和调制器2采用液晶调制器，入射光信号具有第二偏振态。
图9为本申请实施例中光交换引擎切换状态的第四种示意图。如图9的(a)示例所示，光交换引擎处于第一工作状态，即调制器1当前加载第一电信号，由于光信号为第二偏振态，调制器1无法调节光信号的偏转方向，调制器1将光信号透传至调制器2。调制器2用于将光信号调节为第一偏振态，其中，第一偏振态与第二偏振态相互正交。光信号被调制器2反射回调制器1后，由于光信号的偏振态发生了90°，调制器1可以调节光信号的偏转方向，以使得光信号向第一输出端口102传输。如图9的(b)示例所示，光交换引擎处于切换状态，由于光信号为第二偏振态，调制器1无法调节光信号的偏转方向，调制器1将光信号透传至调制器2。调制器2不调节光信号的偏振态，光信号被调制器2反射回调制器1后，调制器1还是无法调节光信号的偏转方向，光信号向除端口组件10之外的其他方向传输，即光交换引擎处于切换状态时不会有端口串扰。如图9的(c)示例所示，光交换引擎处于第二工作状态，即调制器1当前加载第二电信号，由于光信号为第二偏振态，调制器1无法调节光信号的偏转方向，调制器1将光信号透传至调制器2。调制器2用于将光信号调节为第一偏振态。光信号被调制器2反射回调制器1后，由于光信号的偏振态发生了90°，调制器1可以调节光信号的偏转方向，以使得光信号向第二输出端口103传输。
应理解，本实施例中光交换引擎的具体结构可以在图4所示结构的基础上进行简单变换得到，具体实现方式本领域技术人员可知，此处不再赘述。
在一些可能的实施方式中，当光交换引擎处于工作状态时，调制器2也可以将光信号的第一偏振态调节为第三偏振态，第三偏振态与第一偏振态不同。也就是说，调制器2也可以将光信号的偏振态旋转任意角度。这样一来，光信号被调制器2反射回调制器1后，调制器1可以调节部分光信号的偏转方向，以使得部分光信号可以向指定输出端口传输，从而满足一些场景下对端口输出的光信号进行衰减的需求。例如，当光交换引擎处于第一工作状态时，一部分光信号从第一输出端口102输出，另一部分光信号向除第一输出端口102之外的方向传输。又例如，当光交换引擎处于第二工作状态时，一部分光信号从第二输出端口103输出，另一部分光信号向除第二输出端口103之外的方向传输。其中，光信号的衰减比例与调制器2对光信号偏振态进行旋转的角度大小相关，具体可以根据实际需要灵活设置，此处不做限定。应理解，在该实施方式中，若调制器2不调节光信号的偏振态，则全部光信号都将被衰减。
实施例5：调制器1位于上层，调制器2位于下层，调制器2用于调节光信号的偏转方向。
图10为本申请实施例中光交换引擎切换状态的第五种示意图。如图10的(a)示例所示，光交换引擎处于第一工作状态，即调制器1当前加载第一电信号，调制器1根据加载的第一电信号调节光信号的偏转方向并将光信号传输至调制器2，调制器2将光信号反射回调制器1。调制器1再次调节光信号的偏转方向，以使得光信号向第一输出端口102传输。如图10的(b)示例所示，光交换引擎处于切换状态，调制器1调节光信号的偏转方向并将光信号传输至调制器2。调制器2调节光信号的偏转方向，以使得光信号向除调制器1之外的其他方向传输。应理解，由于调制器1无法接收到光信号，光信号自然不会向端口组件10传输，即光交换引擎处于切换状态时不会有端口串扰。如图10的(c)示例所示，光交换引擎处于第二工作状态，即调制器1当前加载第二电信号，调制器1根据加载的第二电信号调节光信号的偏转方向并将光信号传输至调制器2，调制器2将光信号反射回调制器1。调制器1再次调节光信号的偏转方向，以使得光信号向第二输出端口103传输。
需要说明的是，在该实施例中，调制器2可以采用液晶器件、MEMS微镜、DMD或超表面等器件来调节光信号的偏转方向，具体设计本领域技术人员可知，本申请不再逐一介绍。
在一些可能的实施方式中，当光交换引擎处于工作状态时，调制器2也可以调节部分光信号的偏转方向，以使得部分光信号向除调制器1之外的其他方向传输。这样一来，调制器1只能调节剩余部分光信号的偏转方向，以使得剩余部分光信号可以向指定输出端口传输，从而满足一些场景下对端口输出的光信号进行衰减的需求。例如，当光交换引擎处于第一工作状态时，一部分光信号从第一输出端口102输出。又例如，当光交换引擎处于第二工作状态时，一部分光信号从第二输出端口103输出。
通过上述对光交换引擎和WSS的介绍可知，光交换引擎包括两层调制器，光交换引擎有两种状态，一种是工作状态，另一种是切换状态。在工作状态时，光交换引擎的两层调制器通过配合可以正常调节光信号的偏转方向，以使其向指定的输出端口传输。在切换状态时，光交换引擎的两层调制器通过配合使得暂时没有光信号从端口组件输出，从而避免了切换端口的过程中有光信号串扰到其他输出端口。并且，由于光交换引擎在第一工作状态和第二工 作状态之间设置了切换状态，不用担心电信号切换的过程中有端口串扰，因此只需要将加载的第一电信号切换为第二电信号即可完成第一工作状态到第二工作状态的切换，也就无需在第一电信号和第二电信号之间加载多个其他电信号，缩短了切换端口所需要的时长。
基于本申请提供的WSS，本申请还提供了一种ROADM。图11为本申请实施例中ROADM的一种结构示意图。如图11所示，该ROADM包括至少一个第一WSS 1101和至少一个第二WSS 1102。其中，第一WSS 1101和第二WSS 1102都可以采用本申请提供的WSS。具体地，第二WSS 902用于向线路侧发送光信号或者从线路侧接收光信号。第一WSS 1101与第二WSS 1102之间进行上波或下波。
图12为本申请实施例中光传输系统的一种结构示意图。如图12所示，该光传输系统包括多个通过光纤连接的ROADM。ROADM的结构可以参考上述图11所示实施例的相关介绍，此处不再赘述。
下面对本申请实施例提供的光交换方法进行介绍。
图13为本申请实施例中光交换方法的第一种流程示意图。该光交换方法包括如下步骤。
1301、通过调制器2接收光信号。
1302、若光交换引擎处于第一工作状态，通过调制器2将光信号传输至调制器1，通过调制器1调节光信号的偏转方向，以使得光信号向端口组件中第一输出端口传输。
1303、若光交换引擎处于切换状态，通过调制器2对光信号进行调制，以使得光信号向除端口组件之外的其他方向传输。
在一种可能的实施方式中，光信号具有第一偏振态。具体地，通过调制器2将光信号调节为第二偏振态，并将具有第二偏振态的光信号传输至调制器1，其中，第一偏振态与第二偏振态相互正交，具有第二偏振态的光信号不会被调制器1调节偏转方向，以使得具有第二偏振态的光信号向除端口组件之外的其他方向传输。在该实施方式中，光交换方法的实现方式可以参考上述图3所示实施例的相关介绍。
在另一种可能的实施方式中，通过调制器2调节光信号的偏转方向，以使得光信号向除调制器1之外的方向传输。在该实施方式中，光交换方法的实现方式可以参考上述图7所示实施例的相关介绍。
1304、若光交换引擎处于第二工作状态，通过调制器2将光信号传输至调制器1，通过调制器1调节光信号的偏转方向，以使得光信号向端口组件中第二输出端口传输。
图14为本申请实施例中光交换方法的第二种流程示意图。该光交换方法包括如下步骤。在该实施方式中，光交换方法的实现方式可以参考上述图8所示实施例的相关介绍。
1401、通过调制器1接收光信号。
其中，光信号具有第一偏振态。
1402、若光交换引擎处于第一工作状态，通过调制器1调节光信号的偏转方向并将光信号传输至调制器2；通过调制器2将光信号调节为第二偏振态并将具有第二偏振态的光信号传输至调制器1。
其中，第一偏振态与第二偏振态相互正交，具有第二偏振态的光信号不会被调制器1调 节偏转方向，以使得具有第二偏振态的光信号向端口组件中第一输出端口传输。
1403、若光交换引擎处于切换状态，通过调制器1调节光信号的偏转方向并将光信号传输至调制器2；通过调制器1调节被调制器2反射的光信号的偏转方向，以使得光信号向除端口组件之外的其他方向传输。
1404、若光交换引擎处于第二工作状态，通过调制器1调节光信号的偏转方向并将光信号传输至调制器2；通过调制器2将光信号调节为第二偏振态并将具有第二偏振态的光信号传输至调制器1。
其中，具有第二偏振态的光信号不会被调制器1调节偏转方向，以使得具有第二偏振态的光信号向端口组件中第二输出端口传输。
图15为本申请实施例中光交换方法的第三种流程示意图。该光交换方法包括如下步骤。在该实施方式中，光交换方法的实现方式可以参考上述图9所示实施例的相关介绍。
1501、通过调制器1接收光信号，并将光信号传输至调制器2。
其中，光信号具有第一偏振态。
1502、若光交换引擎处于第一工作状态，通过调制器2将光信号调节为第二偏振态并将具有第二偏振态的光信号传输至调制器1；通过调制器1调节具有第二偏振态的光信号的偏转方向，以使得具有第二偏振态的光信号向端口组件中第一输出端口传输；
其中，第一偏振态与第二偏振态相互正交。
1503、若光交换引擎处于切换状态，通过调制器2反射光信号，以使得光信号向除端口组件之外的其他方向传输。
1504、若光交换引擎处于第二工作状态，通过调制器2将光信号调节为第二偏振态并将具有第二偏振态的光信号传输至调制器1；通过调制器1调节具有第二偏振态的光信号的偏转方向，以使得具有第二偏振态的光信号向端口组件中第二输出端口传输。
图16为本申请实施例中光交换方法的第四种流程示意图。该光交换方法包括如下步骤。在该实施方式中，光交换方法的实现方式可以参考上述图10所示实施例的相关介绍。
1601、若光交换引擎处于第一工作状态。
1602、当调制器1加载第一电信号时，通过调制器1调节光信号的偏转方向并将光信号传输至调制器2；通过调制器1调节被调制器2反射的光信号的偏转方向，以使得光信号向端口组件中第一输出端口传输。
1603、若光交换引擎处于切换状态，通过调制器1调节光信号的偏转方向并将光信号传输至调制器2；通过调制器2调节光信号的偏转方向，以使得光信号向除调制器1之外的方向反射。
1604、若光交换引擎处于第二工作状态，通过调制器1调节光信号的偏转方向并将光信号传输至调制器2；通过调制器1调节被调制器2反射的光信号的偏转方向，以使得光信号向端口组件中第二输出端口传输。
需要说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制。尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (29)

  1. 一种光交换引擎，其特征在于，所述光交换引擎包括第一调制器和第二调制器，来自端口组件中输入端口的目标光信号传输至所述光交换引擎；
    所述第一调制器用于接收所述目标光信号；
    若所述光交换引擎处于第一工作状态，所述第一调制器用于将所述目标光信号传输至所述第二调制器，所述第二调制器用于调节所述目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得所述目标光信号向所述端口组件中第一输出端口传输；
    若所述光交换引擎处于切换状态，所述第一调制器用于对所述目标光信号进行调制，以使得所述目标光信号向除所述端口组件之外的其他方向传输；
    若所述光交换引擎处于第二工作状态，所述第一调制器用于将所述目标光信号传输至所述第二调制器，所述第二调制器用于调节所述目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得所述目标光信号向所述端口组件中第二输出端口传输。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的光交换引擎，其特征在于，所述目标光信号具有第一偏振态；
    若所述光交换引擎处于所述切换状态，所述第一调制器具体用于将所述目标光信号调节为第二偏振态，并将具有所述第二偏振态的目标光信号传输至所述第二调制器，其中，所述第一偏振态与所述第二偏振态相互正交，具有所述第二偏振态的目标光信号经过所述第二调制器向除所述端口组件之外的其他方向传输。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的光交换引擎，其特征在于，若所述光交换引擎处于所述第一工作状态，所述第一调制器还用于将所述目标光信号调节为第三偏振态，并将具有所述第三偏振态的目标光信号传输至所述第二调制器，所述第一偏振态与所述第三偏振态不同；所述第二调制器用于调节具有所述第三偏振态的部分目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得具有所述第三偏振态的部分目标光信号向所述第一输出端口传输；
    若所述光交换引擎处于所述第二工作状态，所述第一调制器还用于将所述目标光信号调节为第三偏振态，并将具有所述第三偏振态的目标光信号传输至所述第二调制器，所述第二调制器用于调节具有所述第三偏振态的部分目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得具有所述第三偏振态的部分目标光信号向所述第二输出端口传输。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的光交换引擎，其特征在于，所述第一调制器包括玻璃基板、像素化电极基板、第一液晶层、第一取向层和第二取向层，所述第一液晶层位于所述第一取向层与所述第二取向层之间，所述第一取向层位于所述像素化电极基板与所述第一液晶层之间，所述第二取向层位于所述玻璃基板与所述第一液晶层之间；所述第二调制器包括玻璃基板、硅基背板、第二液晶层、第三取向层和第四取向层，所述第二液晶层位于所述第三取向层与所述第四取向层之间，所述第三取向层位于所述玻璃基板与所述第二液晶层之间，所述第四取向层位于所述硅基背板与所述第二液晶层之间；所述玻璃基板的正反表面都设置有氧化铟锡ITO。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的光交换引擎，其特征在于，若所述光交换引擎处于所述切换状态，所述第一调制器具体用于调节所述目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得所述目标光信号向除所述第二调制器之外的方向传输。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的光交换引擎，其特征在于，若所述光交换引擎处于所述第一工 作状态或所述第二工作状态，所述第一调制器还用于通过调节所述目标光信号的偏转方向以衰减传输至所述第二调制器的目标光信号。
  7. 根据权利要求5或6所述的光交换引擎，其特征在于，所述第一调制器为微机电系统MEMS微镜、数字微镜器件DMD或液晶器件，所述第二调制器为MEMS微镜、DMD或液晶器件。
  8. 一种光交换引擎，其特征在于，所述光交换引擎包括第一调制器和第二调制器，来自端口组件中输入端口的目标光信号传输至所述光交换引擎，所述目标光信号具有第一偏振态；
    所述第一调制器用于接收所述第一偏振态的目标光信号，并将所述第一偏振态的目标光信号传输至第二调制器，其中，所述第一调制器用于调节具有第一偏振态的目标光信号的偏转方向，或者，所述第一调制器用于调节经过所述第二调制器后具有第二偏振态的目标光信号的偏转方向，所述第一偏振态与所述第二偏振态相互正交；
    若所述光交换引擎处于第一工作状态，所述第二调制器用于将所述第一偏振态的目标光信号调节为第二偏振态，以使得具有所述第二偏振态的目标光信号经过所述第一调制器向所述端口组件中第一输出端口传输；
    若所述光交换引擎处于切换状态，所述第二调制器用于反射所述第一偏振态的目标光信号，以使得所述第一偏振态的目标光信号经过所述第一调制器向除所述端口组件之外的其他方向传输；
    若所述光交换引擎处于第二工作状态，所述第二调制器用于将所述第一偏振态的目标光信号调节为第二偏振态，以使得具有所述第二偏振态的目标光信号经过所述第一调制器向所述端口组件中第二输出端口传输。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的光交换引擎，其特征在于，若所述光交换引擎处于所述第一工作状态，所述第一调制器用于调节所述第一偏振态的目标光信号的偏转方向并将所述第一偏振态的目标光信号传输至所述第二调制器；
    若所述光交换引擎处于所述切换状态，所述第一调制器用于调节所述第一偏振态的目标光信号的偏转方向并将所述第一偏振态的目标光信号传输至所述第二调制器；所述第一调制器还用于调节被所述第二调制器反射的所述第一偏振态的目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得所述第一偏振态的目标光信号向除所述端口组件之外的其他方向传输；
    若所述光交换引擎处于所述第二工作状态，所述第一调制器用于调节所述第一偏振态的目标光信号的偏转方向并将所述第一偏振态的目标光信号传输至所述第二调制器。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的光交换引擎，其特征在于，若所述光交换引擎处于所述第一工作状态，所述第二调制器用于将所述第一偏振态的目标光信号调节为第三偏振态并将具有所述第三偏振态的目标光信号传输至所述第一调制器，所述第一偏振态与所述第三偏振态不同；所述第一调制器还用于调节具有所述第三偏振态的部分目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得具有所述第三偏振态的部分目标光信号向除所述第一输出端口之外的其他方向传输；
    若所述光交换引擎处于所述第二工作状态，所述第二调制器用于将所述第一偏振态的目标光信号调节为第三偏振态并将具有所述第三偏振态的目标光信号传输至所述第一调制器，所述第一调制器还用于调节具有所述第三偏振态的部分目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得具有所述第三偏振态的部分目标光信号向除所述第二输出端口之外的其他方向传输。
  11. 根据权利要求8所述的光交换引擎，其特征在于，若所述光交换引擎处于所述第一工作状态，所述第一调制器用于调节具有所述第二偏振态的目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得具 有所述第二偏振态的目标光信号向所述第一输出端口传输；
    若所述光交换引擎处于所述第二工作状态，所述第一调制器用于调节具有所述第二偏振态的目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得具有所述第二偏振态的目标光信号向所述第二输出端口传输。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的光交换引擎，其特征在于，若所述光交换引擎处于所述第一工作状态，所述第二调制器用于将所述第一偏振态的目标光信号调节为第三偏振态并将具有所述第三偏振态的目标光信号传输至所述第一调制器，所述第一偏振态与所述第三偏振态不同；所述第一调制器用于调节具有所述第三偏振态的部分目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得具有所述第三偏振态的部分目标光信号向所述第一输出端口传输；
    若所述光交换引擎处于所述第二工作状态，所述第二调制器用于将所述第一偏振态的目标光信号调节为第三偏振态并将具有所述第三偏振态的目标光信号传输至所述第一调制器；所述第一调制器用于调节具有所述第三偏振态的部分目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得具有所述第三偏振态的部分目标光信号向所述第二输出端口传输。
  13. 一种波长选择开关WSS，其特征在于，包括：端口组件、色散装置和如权利要求1至12中任一项所述光交换引擎，其中，所述端口组件包括输入端口、第一输出端口和第二输出端口；
    所述色散装置用于将所述输入端口输入的合波光信号分解为多个子波长光信号，并将所述多个子波长光信号传输至所述光交换引擎，其中，所述光交换引擎接收的目标光信号为多个子波长光信号中的至少一个子波长光信号。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的WSS，其特征在于，所述WSS还包括偏振组件；
    所述偏振组件用于对来自所述输入端口的所述合波光信号进行偏振处理，以使得所述合波光信号中每个子波长光信号具有偏振态。
  15. 根据权利要求13或14所述的WSS，其特征在于，所述WSS还包括第一透镜和第二透镜，所述第一透镜位于所述端口组件与所述色散装置之间，所述第二透镜位于所述色散装置与所述光交换引擎之间；
    所述第一透镜用于对来自所述输入端口的所述合波光信号进行汇聚；
    所述第二透镜用于对来自所述色散装置的每路子波长光信号进行准直。
  16. 一种可重构光分插复用器ROADM，其特征在于，包括：至少一个第一WSS和至少一个第二WSS，所述第一WSS和所述第二WSS为如权利要求13至15中任一项所述的WSS，所述至少一个第一WSS用于上波或下波，所述至少一个第二WSS用于向线路侧发送光信号或者从线路侧接收光信号。
  17. 一种光传输系统，其特征在于，所述光传输系统包括多个如权利要求16所述的ROADM，每相邻两个ROADM之间通过光纤连接。
  18. 一种光交换方法，所述方法应用于光交换引擎，其特征在于，所述光交换引擎包括第一调制器和第二调制器，来自端口组件中输入端口的目标光信号传输至所述光交换引擎；所述方法包括：
    通过所述第一调制器接收所述目标光信号；
    若所述光交换引擎处于第一工作状态，通过所述第一调制器将所述目标光信号传输至所述第二调制器，通过所述第二调制器调节所述目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得所述目标光信 号向所述端口组件中第一输出端口传输；
    若所述光交换引擎处于切换状态，通过所述第一调制器对所述目标光信号进行调制，以使得所述目标光信号向除所述端口组件之外的其他方向传输；
    若所述光交换引擎处于第二工作状态，通过所述第一调制器将所述目标光信号传输至所述第二调制器，通过所述第二调制器调节所述目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得所述目标光信号向所述端口组件中第二输出端口传输。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的方法，其特征在于，所述目标光信号具有第一偏振态，通过所述第一调制器对所述目标光信号进行调制包括：
    通过所述第一调制器将所述目标光信号调节为第二偏振态，并将具有所述第二偏振态的目标光信号传输至所述第二调制器，其中，所述第一偏振态与所述第二偏振态相互正交，具有所述第二偏振态的目标光信号经过所述第二调制器向除所述端口组件之外的其他方向传输。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    若所述光交换引擎处于所述第一工作状态，通过所述第一调制器将所述目标光信号调节为第三偏振态，并将具有所述第三偏振态的目标光信号传输至所述第二调制器，所述第一偏振态与所述第三偏振态不同；通过所述第二调制器调节具有所述第三偏振态的部分目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得具有所述第三偏振态的部分目标光信号向所述第一输出端口传输；
    若所述光交换引擎处于所述第二工作状态，通过所述第一调制器将所述目标光信号调节为第三偏振态，并将具有所述第三偏振态的目标光信号传输至所述第二调制器，通过所述第二调制器调节具有所述第三偏振态的部分目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得具有所述第三偏振态的部分目标光信号向所述第二输出端口传输。
  21. 根据权利要求19或20所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一调制器包括玻璃基板、像素化电极基板、第一液晶层、第一取向层和第二取向层，所述第一液晶层位于所述第一取向层与所述第二取向层之间，所述第一取向层位于所述像素化电极基板与所述第一液晶层之间，所述第二取向层位于所述玻璃基板与所述第一液晶层之间；所述第二调制器包括玻璃基板、硅基背板、第二液晶层、第三取向层和第四取向层，所述第二液晶层位于所述第三取向层与所述第四取向层之间，所述第三取向层位于所述玻璃基板与所述第二液晶层之间，所述第四取向层位于所述硅基背板与所述第二液晶层之间；所述玻璃基板的正反表面都设置有氧化铟锡ITO。
  22. 根据权利要求18所述的方法，其特征在于，通过所述第一调制器对所述目标光信号进行调制包括：
    通过所述第一调制器调节所述目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得所述目标光信号向除所述第二调制器之外的方向传输。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    若所述光交换引擎处于所述第一工作状态或所述第二工作状态，通过所述第一调制器调节所述目标光信号的偏转方向以衰减传输至所述第二调制器的目标光信号。
  24. 根据权利要求22或23所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一调制器为微机电系统MEMS微镜、数字微镜器件DMD或液晶器件，所述第二调制器为MEMS微镜、DMD或液晶器件。
  25. 一种光交换方法，所述方法应用于光交换引擎，其特征在于，所述光交换引擎包括第一调制器和第二调制器，来自端口组件中输入端口的目标光信号传输至所述光交换引擎，所 述目标光信号具有第一偏振态；所述方法包括：
    通过所述第一调制器接收所述第一偏振态的目标光信号，并将所述第一偏振态的目标光信号传输至第二调制器，其中，所述第一调制器用于调节具有第一偏振态的目标光信号的偏转方向，或者，所述第一调制器用于调节经过所述第二调制器后具有第二偏振态的目标光信号的偏转方向，所述第一偏振态与所述第二偏振态相互正交；
    若所述光交换引擎处于第一工作状态，通过所述第二调制器将所述第一偏振态的目标光信号调节为第二偏振态，以使得具有所述第二偏振态的目标光信号经过所述第一调制器向所述端口组件中第一输出端口传输；
    若所述光交换引擎处于切换状态，通过所述第二调制器反射所述第一偏振态的目标光信号，以使得所述第一偏振态的目标光信号经过所述第一调制器向除所述端口组件之外的其他方向传输；
    若所述光交换引擎处于第二工作状态，通过所述第二调制器将所述第一偏振态的目标光信号调节为第二偏振态，以使得具有所述第二偏振态的目标光信号经过所述第一调制器向所述端口组件中第二输出端口传输。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    若所述光交换引擎处于所述第一工作状态，通过所述第一调制器调节所述第一偏振态的目标光信号的偏转方向并将所述第一偏振态的目标光信号传输至所述第二调制器；
    若所述光交换引擎处于所述切换状态，通过所述第一调制器调节所述第一偏振态的目标光信号的偏转方向并将所述第一偏振态的目标光信号传输至所述第二调制器；通过所述第一调制器调节被所述第二调制器反射的所述第一偏振态的目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得所述第一偏振态的目标光信号向除所述端口组件之外的其他方向传输；
    若所述光交换引擎处于所述第二工作状态，通过所述第一调制器用于调节所述第一偏振态的目标光信号的偏转方向并将所述第一偏振态的目标光信号传输至所述第二调制器。
  27. 根据权利要求26所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    若所述光交换引擎处于所述第一工作状态，通过所述第二调制器将所述第一偏振态的目标光信号调节为第三偏振态并将具有所述第三偏振态的目标光信号传输至所述第一调制器，所述第一偏振态与所述第三偏振态不同；通过所述第一调制器调节具有所述第三偏振态的部分目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得具有所述第三偏振态的部分目标光信号向除所述第一输出端口之外的其他方向传输；
    若所述光交换引擎处于所述第二工作状态，通过所述第二调制器将所述第一偏振态的目标光信号调节为第三偏振态并将具有所述第三偏振态的目标光信号传输至所述第一调制器，通过所述第一调制器调节具有所述第三偏振态的部分目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得具有所述第三偏振态的部分目标光信号向除所述第二输出端口之外的其他方向传输。
  28. 根据权利要求25所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    若所述光交换引擎处于所述第一工作状态，通过所述第一调制器调节具有所述第二偏振态的目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得具有所述第二偏振态的目标光信号向所述第一输出端口传输；
    若所述光交换引擎处于所述第二工作状态，通过所述第一调制器调节具有所述第二偏振态的目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得具有所述第二偏振态的目标光信号向所述第二输出端口 传输。
  29. 根据权利要求28所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    若所述光交换引擎处于所述第一工作状态，通过所述第二调制器将所述第一偏振态的目标光信号调节为第三偏振态并将具有所述第三偏振态的目标光信号传输至所述第一调制器，所述第一偏振态与所述第三偏振态不同；通过所述第一调制器调节具有所述第三偏振态的部分目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得具有所述第三偏振态的部分目标光信号向所述第一输出端口传输；
    若所述光交换引擎处于所述第二工作状态，通过所述第二调制器将所述第一偏振态的目标光信号调节为第三偏振态并将具有所述第三偏振态的目标光信号传输至所述第一调制器；通过所述第一调制器调节具有所述第三偏振态的部分目标光信号的偏转方向，以使得具有所述第三偏振态的部分目标光信号向所述第二输出端口传输。
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CN114915367A (zh) * 2021-02-10 2022-08-16 Ii-Vi特拉华有限公司 具有共享基于液晶的切换组件的多个光学通道监视器的集成模块

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US20060072872A1 (en) * 2004-10-05 2006-04-06 Fujitsu Limited Switches for changing optical path and selecting wavelength
JP2009042558A (ja) * 2007-08-09 2009-02-26 Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> 波長選択スイッチ
JP2014215390A (ja) * 2013-04-24 2014-11-17 住友電気工業株式会社 光路制御装置
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