WO2024056007A1 - Heat regenerator, and heat engine having heat regenerator - Google Patents

Abstract

A heat regenerator (10), and a heat engine and internal combustion engine having the heat regenerator (10). The heat regenerator (10) comprises: a multi-stage heat-storage heat-exchange heat regenerator, a working-medium gas direction control mechanism, an inner cylinder (126) and a heat pump circuit, wherein the multi-stage heat-storage heat-exchange heat regenerator comprises at least one pair of independent multi-stage heat-storage heat-exchange heat regeneration structures (12), the multi-stage heat-storage heat-exchange heat regeneration structure (12) comprises a heat storage body (122), and the multi-stage heat-storage heat-exchange heat regeneration structure (12) is configured to heat or cool a one-way flowing working-medium gas stage by stage; the working-medium gas direction control mechanism is configured to control the one-way circulation flow of the working-medium gas, and change the flow direction of the working-medium gas after the stage-by-stage heating or cooling of the working-medium gas is completed in the multi-stage heat-storage heat-exchange heat regeneration structure (12); and the inner cylinder (126) is located between at least one pair of multi-stage heat-storage heat-exchange heat regeneration structures (12), and the heat pump circuit is arranged inside the inner cylinder (126). By means of configuring the heat regenerator (10), the heat regenerating efficiency can be improved, and the temperature difference between hot and cold ends can be increased, so that there is almost no heat loss when cooling in a cylinder.

Description

Regenerator and heat engine having the regenerator Technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of thermal energy and power engineering, and in particular to a regenerator and a heat engine having the regenerator.

Background technique

After hundreds of years of development, heat engines have approached the limits of high parameters, high thermal efficiency, and large capacity. Their structural composition has become more and more complex, which has also led to increasing costs. There is room for further improvement, but it is already very difficult. Regarding the adiabatic engine, just like the engine using supercharging technology, the principle of using adiabatic technology to improve the performance index of the engine is also very simple. The mature piston ring sealing performance of the internal combustion engine is superior and the cost is low. Lubrication can only be achieved when the operating temperature is below 200°C. , and the temperature of the adiabatic engine piston does not meet the conditions for use of piston rings, resulting in complicated and expensive sealing technology.

However, the impact of insulation on engine efficiency is not great. The possible explanations are: (1) In order to reduce cooling loss, even if the combustion chamber wall is replaced with a material with low heat transfer efficiency, due to the large heat capacity of the wall, the wall surface temperature cannot It changes with the change of gas temperature. When the circulation method remains unchanged, the wall temperature can only rise. The result can only be "heat insulation" but not "heat insulation". (2) In the case of "heat insulation", if the cooling loss is sought to be reduced, the temperature of the inner wall of the combustion chamber rises, and during the intake and compression strokes, the gas is heated by the hot wall surface, so the compression power increases. Since the increase in expansion work is contrary to this, there is almost no improvement in thermal efficiency, and the result is an increase in exhaust loss.

In addition, there are still many problems in the adiabatic engine that need to be further solved, such as the process problems and reliability problems of the insulation materials, the lubrication problem of high-temperature friction, and how to improve the efficiency of the supercharger.

Regarding the Stirling heat engine, its structure is generally composed of a hot end cylinder (expansion zone), a heater, a regenerator, a cold end cylinder (compression zone) and a cooler, which can be transformed into a variety of forms through the three basic structures of α, β and γ. Due to the inherent structure of the Stirling heat engine, the temperature difference between the hot and cold ends of the airflow is not large, the power is small, and the amount of heat energy converted into work in each cycle is small. Generally, the frequency and pressure are increased to increase the power, which in turn causes leakage of the working fluid gas, complex dynamic sealing technology, and high prices. In order to achieve a larger temperature difference, the cold end cylinder uses a cooler to absorb heat and cool down. This part of the heat is taken away and has the greatest impact on the effective efficiency.

As the frequency increases, the working fluid airflow frequently passes through the pores of the regenerator, forming an "oscillating" heat recuperation, which brings about a series of disadvantages such as thermal resistance, heat leakage, and high-temperature and high-speed airflow scouring resistance.

In order to reduce friction losses, lubrication requirements are also high. Since the vaporization of lubricating oil will condense on the regenerator and cause blockage, lubricating oil cannot be used and only dry friction can be used. The use of polytetrafluoroethylene, bronze, graphite, etc. increases the friction coefficient and is more expensive.

In order to reduce the useless volume (dead volume), the size and shape of the heater, cooler, and regenerator are greatly restricted. Only small-volume regenerators can be used, and the contact area between the heater and cooler and the working gas in the cylinder is small. Smaller, smaller heat exchange capacity, resulting in smaller input power; which in turn leads to a series of shortcomings such as low Stirling machine power and slow startup.

Contents of the invention

The present invention mainly provides a regenerator and a heat engine having the regenerator, so as to improve the heat exchange efficiency of the regenerator.

According to the first aspect of the application, the application provides a regenerator, which includes: a multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange regenerator, a working gas direction control mechanism, an inner cylinder and a heat pump circuit. The multi-stage heat storage and heat exchanger is Thermal regenerator includes at least a pair of independent multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange recuperation structures. The multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange recuperation structure contains a heat storage body. The heat storage body is preferably a honeycomb ceramic heat storage or heat storage device. plate Chip honeycomb ceramic regenerator, the multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structure is used to heat or cool the working fluid gas flowing in one direction step by step; the working fluid gas direction control mechanism is composed of a reversing valve , one-way valve group, high-speed electromagnetic switch valve and rotating machinery or shifting machinery. The working gas direction control mechanism is used to control the one-way circulating flow of working gas, and in the multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange type return The thermal structure changes the flow direction of the working gas after completing the step-by-step heating or step-by-step cooling of the working gas; the inner cylinder is located between at least one pair of the multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structures, and the heat pump circuit arranged inside the inner cylinder.

According to the second aspect of the present application, the present application provides a regenerator, which includes: a multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange regenerator, a working gas direction control mechanism, an inner cylinder and a heat pump circuit. The multi-stage heat storage and heat exchanger is Each stage of the thermal regenerator includes at least a pair of multi-stage foldable heat storage and heat exchange recuperation structures. Each stage of the multi-stage folding heat storage and heat exchange recuperation structure includes a push-pull drive mechanism, at least one The combination piece, the limit positioning structure and the mechanical transmission device. The push-pull driving structure is equipped with a reset mechanism, a limit positioning structure and a mechanical transmission device. The limit positioning structure is arranged on the outside of the combination piece. The mechanical transmission device also has a power source and a mechanical transmission device. The push piece is also equipped with a roller on the limit positioning structure. The side of the limit positioning structure with the roller and the push piece adopt a guide slope. The power source is directly or indirectly connected with the power piston to output power and fits the roller through the push piece. The movement can push the limit positioning structure to move, thereby indirectly driving the combination piece to move back and forth between the closed position and the open position. The combination piece is composed of a multi-layer plate-like heat storage body that is attached to the supporting frame and moves. The plate-like heat storage body is preferably a plate-like honeycomb ceramic heat storage body; a foldable connecting rod structure is provided between the plate-like heat storage bodies of the combined piece, and the plate-like heat storage body of the combined piece and the push-pull driving mechanism Integrated into one, the driving rod is connected to the combination piece, the driver folds and unfolds in a reciprocating cycle, and drives each combination piece step by step through the connecting rod structure. The driving rod is connected to the crank linkage mechanism, and the crank linkage mechanism is connected to the driving structure, and is connected with the flywheel group. Structural connection; the plate-like heat storage body is provided with a plurality of grooves and protrusions at intervals along its length direction, and the grooves of adjacent plate-like heat storage bodies correspond to the shapes of the protrusions one by one. Fitting into each other; when the adjacent plate-like heat storage bodies are unfolded, the grooves and the protrusions of the adjacent plate-like heat storage bodies form a working gas channel, and when the adjacent plate-like heat storage bodies are fitted together When The working gas is heated or cooled step by step; the direction control mechanism of the working gas is composed of a reversing valve, a one-way valve group, a high-speed electromagnetic switch valve and a rotating machine or a shifting machine. The direction control mechanism of the working gas is The mechanism is used to control the one-way circular flow of the working gas, and change the flow direction of the working gas after the multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structure completes the step-by-step heating or step-by-step cooling of the working gas; the internal The cylinder is located between at least one pair of the multi-stage foldable heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structures, and the heat pump circuit is arranged inside the inner cylinder; the inner cylinder is a pressure-resistant and dense structure, located between at least one pair of the Before the multi-stage folding multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange type heat recovery structure is provided, some components of the heat pump circuit are arranged inside the inner cylinder.

As a further solution of the regenerator provided in this application, the heat pump circuit is connected to at least one pair of the multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange recuperation structures or at least one pair of the multi-stage folding heat storage and heat exchange recuperators. Between the thermal structures, the heat pump circuit is an electronic refrigeration and heating circuit. The electronic refrigeration and heating circuit includes: a temperature difference power generation circuit, a plurality of first temperature difference power generation pieces, a plurality of second temperature difference power generation pieces, a battery and an electronic refrigeration circuit. The first thermoelectric power generation sheet is arranged in the multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structure or the multi-stage folding heat storage and heat exchange type heat recovery structure for heating, and the second thermoelectric difference power generation sheet is arranged in the refrigeration system. The multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange type heat recovery structure or the multi-stage folding type heat storage and heat exchange type heat recovery structure, and the first temperature difference power generation sheet and the second temperature difference power generation sheet are both different from the temperature difference The power generation circuit is connected, the output end of the temperature difference power generation circuit is connected to the input end of the battery, the output end of the battery is connected to the input end of the electronic refrigeration circuit, the electronic refrigeration circuit has a cooling end and a heat dissipation end, The refrigeration end is thermally connected to the multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange type heat recovery structure for heating or the multi-stage folding type heat storage and heat exchange type heat recovery structure, and the heat dissipation end is thermally connected to the multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange type heat recovery structure for cooling. The stage heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structure or the multi-stage folding heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structure are thermally connected.

As a further solution of the regenerator provided in this application, the heat pump circuit is a heat pump refrigeration heat recovery circuit, and the heat pump system The cold heat recovery circuit includes: a power air pump structure, a heat release structure, a heat absorption structure and a throttling structure. The heat release structure is arranged in the multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structure or the folding type heat recovery structure for heating. Thermal heat exchange type heat recovery structure is connected with heat conduction. The heat absorption structure is arranged in the multi-stage heat storage heat exchange type heat recovery structure or the foldable heat storage heat exchange type heat recovery structure for refrigeration and conducts heat conduction. The throttling structure is connected between the output end of the heat releasing structure and the input end of the heat absorbing structure. The power air pump structure can also be directly or indirectly connected with the piston connecting rod to provide driving force.

As a further solution of the regenerator provided by this application, the power air pump structure includes: an air pump cylinder, an air pump piston, an air pump piston rod, a conduit, a partition, a reset elastic member and a bottom plate, and the bottom plate is installed on the air pump. At the bottom of the cylinder, the partition plate is fixedly installed inside the air pump cylinder to separate the interior of the air pump cylinder into an air intake chamber and a compression chamber, the conduit is installed on the partition plate, and the The length direction of the conduit is parallel to the length direction of the air pump cylinder, the air pump piston rod is movably installed in the conduit, and one end of the air pump piston rod is against the bottom plate, and the air pump piston is connected to the conduit. At the other end of the air pump piston rod, the reset elastic member is disposed between the air pump piston rod and the bottom plate; the compression chamber of the air pump cylinder is connected to the input end of the heat release structure, and the The air inlet chamber of the air pump cylinder is connected to the output end of the heat-absorbing structure; the air pump piston can work according to changes in air pressure inside the cylinder to convert pressure energy into power, and is provided with a pressure amplification mechanism.

As a further solution of the regenerator provided by this application, the high-speed electromagnetic switch valve is composed of two basically identical valve cores. Each valve core is composed of at least two air flow channels, solid sections, and sealing plates. The spatial position The relationship is that when one of the valve cores moves in a specific direction, each sealing piece is closed; when it moves in the other direction, each sealing piece comes out of contact, and the airflow channels of the upper and lower valve cores are aligned with each other, allowing the airflow to pass.

As a further solution of the regenerator provided by this application, the multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange regenerative structure, working gas direction control mechanism or reversing valve, one-way valve group, high-speed electromagnetic switch valve and rotating machinery or Shift machinery, heat pump circuits and other components can be arranged and combined in many different ways. The overall arrangement and combination sequence is based on the working fluid gas flowing out from the heat storage and heat exchange regenerators at all levels after the heat absorption or heat release is completed. The temperature components are arranged in a temperature gradient from high to low or from low to high.

According to the third aspect of the application, the application provides a heat engine using the regenerator provided in the first aspect of the application, including: a special-shaped heater, a gas distribution piston, a special-shaped cooler, a power piston, and a gas distribution piston pull rod. , crankshaft connecting rod and flywheel, the multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structure is arranged inside the valve piston, the special-shaped heater is arranged in the heat chamber of the cylinder, and the special-shaped cooler is arranged In the cold cavity of the cylinder, the special-shaped heater is composed of a heater thermal conductor and a filling rod. The heater thermal conductor is provided with a heater filling rod that matches the shape of the corresponding heat storage body hole. The heater filling rod is in line with the shape of the corresponding heat storage hole. The heat conductor of the heater is flexibly connected. The end of the heater filling rod close to the heater heat conductor is the thermal conductive end of the heater filling rod. The end of the heater filling rod that extends into the hole is the insulating end of the heater filling rod. The special-shaped cooler conducts heat from the cooler. It consists of a body and a cooler filling rod. The cooler thermal conductor is equipped with a cooler filling rod that matches the corresponding hole shape. The cooler filling rod is flexibly connected to the cooler thermal conductor. The end of the cooler filling rod close to the cooler thermal conductor is The cooler filling rod has a thermal conductive end, and the end of the cooler filling rod extending into the hole is the heat insulating end of the cooler filling rod.

According to the fourth aspect of the application, the application provides a heat engine using the regenerator provided in the second aspect of the application, including: a special-shaped heater, a gas distribution piston, a special-shaped cooler, a power piston, and a gas distribution piston pull rod. , crankshaft connecting rod and flywheel, the multi-stage folding heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structure is arranged inside the valve piston, the special-shaped heater is arranged in the heat chamber of the cylinder, and the special-shaped cooling The heater is arranged in the cold cavity of the cylinder, and a one-way air inlet valve or intake door is provided on the cold cavity; the special-shaped heater is composed of a special-shaped heat conductor and a filling body, and is also provided with a corresponding positioning limiter for the regenerator The shape of the filling body conforms to the structure of the position; the shape of the special-shaped heat conductor and the filling block on the corresponding area of the inner cylinder fit into each other; the special-shaped cooler is composed of a heat conductor and a filling body, and is also equipped with a corresponding positioning limit for the regenerator The filling body has a consistent structure and shape; the shape of the special-shaped thermal conductor and the filling block in the corresponding area of the inner cylinder correspond to each other.

According to the fifth aspect of the application, the application provides a heat engine using the regenerator provided in the first aspect of the application, including: an adiabatic cylinder, a combustion chamber, a porous regenerative burner and a fuel nozzle, and a multi-stage heat exchanger. Thermal recuperation structure, cooling structure, vortex tube separation structure, movable filling block and intake and exhaust valve group structure and timing system on the cylinder head, air filter system, cooling system and turbocharging system are installed in the insulated cylinder Special-shaped adiabatic piston and sealing structure, special-shaped adiabatic piston is connected to the crankshaft connecting rod, and a multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structure is arranged in the combustion chamber; porous regenerative burners, fuel nozzles, and multi-stage storage units with fixed spatial positions are sequentially arranged in the combustion chamber. Thermal regenerator; the movable filling block is composed of one or more independent filling blocks. Each of the movable filling blocks is free between the cold chamber and the combustion chamber, and is directly or indirectly connected to the timing system.

According to the sixth aspect of the present application, the present application provides a heat engine using the regenerator provided in the second aspect of the present application, which is characterized in that it includes: an adiabatic cylinder, a combustion chamber, a porous regenerative burner and a fuel nozzle, Multi-stage folding heat storage and heat exchange regenerator structure, cooling structure, vortex tube separation structure, moving filling block and intake and exhaust valve set structure and timing system on the cylinder head, air filtration system, cooling system and turbocharging System, the adiabatic cylinder is equipped with a special-shaped adiabatic piston and a sealing structure, the special-shaped adiabatic piston is connected to the crankshaft connecting rod, and a porous regenerative burner, a fuel nozzle and a multi-stage foldable heat storage heat exchanger with a fixed spatial position are arranged in the combustion chamber. Heater structure, a filling body is provided on the high-temperature section of the special-shaped insulated piston, and the shape of the limiting positioning structure on the top of the combined sheet group of the multi-stage folding heat storage and heat exchange regenerator structure fits into each other correspondingly; the mobile filling The block is composed of one or more independent filling blocks. The movable filling blocks move freely between the cold cavity and the combustion chamber and are directly or indirectly connected with the timing system.

According to the seventh aspect of the present application, the present application provides a heat engine using the regenerator provided in the first aspect of the present application, including: an adiabatic cylinder, a combustion chamber, a gas distribution piston, and a multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange regenerative structure. , fuel nozzle, cooling structure, special-shaped cooler, intake and exhaust valve set structure and timing system, air filter system, cooling system, turbocharging system, special-shaped adiabatic piston and sealing structure in the insulated cylinder, fuel nozzle arranged in the combustion chamber , a multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange regenerator is installed on the valve piston and connected to the cooling structure; the valve piston divides the cylinder into a cold chamber and a hot chamber, and the cold chamber is connected to a special-shaped cooler.

According to the eighth aspect of the present application, the present application provides a heat engine using the regenerator provided in the second aspect of the present application, including: an adiabatic cylinder, a combustion chamber, a gas distribution piston, and a multi-stage foldable heat storage and heat exchange regenerator. Thermal structure, fuel nozzle, cooling structure, special-shaped cooler, intake and exhaust valve group structure and timing system, air filtration system, cooling system, turbocharging system, special-shaped adiabatic piston and sealing structure in the adiabatic cylinder, special-shaped adiabatic piston There is a filling block and a multi-stage folding heat storage and heat exchange regenerator structure. The limiting positioning structure on the top of the combined sheet group fits into each other correspondingly; the combustion chamber is equipped with a fuel nozzle, and the multi-stage folding heat storage and heat exchanger is The regenerator is installed on the gas distribution piston and is connected to the cooling structure; the gas distribution piston divides the cylinder into a cold chamber and a hot chamber, and the cold chamber is equipped with a special-shaped filling block, which fits with the shape of the cooling structure.

According to the ninth aspect of the application, the application provides a heat engine using the regenerator provided in the first aspect of the application, including: a hot end cylinder, a special-shaped heater, a multi-stage heat storage heat exchange regenerator, The cold end cylinder, the hot end cylinder and the cold end cylinder are on the same straight line. They are both insulated cylinders with an insulated piston and sealing structure. The hot end cylinder, special-shaped heater, multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange recuperator, and The cold-end cylinder; the multi-tube arrangement structure of the special-shaped heater is made of high-temperature-resistant thermal conductive materials, and contains multiple working fluid air flow pipes, with filling rods extending all over the cross-section.

According to the tenth aspect of this application, this application provides a heat engine using the regenerator provided in the second aspect of this application, including: a hot end cylinder, a folding special-shaped heater, a multi-stage folding heat storage and heat exchange type The regenerator, cold-end cylinder, movable filling block, hot-end cylinder and cold-end cylinder are on the same straight line. They are all insulated cylinders with insulated piston and sealing structure. The hot-end cylinder, folding special-shaped heater, and multiple Stage foldable heat storage and heat exchange regenerator, cold end cylinder; a filler protruding from the insulated piston in the hot end cylinder, the foldable special-shaped heater structure is a telescopic and foldable movable structure, consisting of at least one heating assembly piece, The push-pull drive structure is composed of a mechanical transmission device, a thermal conductive substrate, etc. A single heating combination piece contains two paired plate-like conductors. Thermal sheet one and thermal conductive sheet two are wrapped by thermally conductive protective shells one and two, and the concave and convex parts of the two are fitted in relative shapes; the thermally conductive sheets and thermally conductive protective shells are made of high-temperature resistant and thermally conductive materials; the push-pull drive structure is driven by a mechanical transmission device Directly or indirectly connected to the piston power structure. The thermally conductive base body is directly connected to the heat source; the movable filling block is composed of one or more independent filling blocks, the movable filling block is free between the cold cavity and the hot cavity, and is directly or indirectly connected to the timing mechanism.

As a further solution of the heat engine provided by this application, the cylinder wall of the insulated cylinder is divided into two parts: a normal temperature section and a high-temperature insulated section. The high-temperature insulated section is made of insulating material and is lengthened to more than twice the piston stroke, measured from the front end of the piston. Starting from a position about one stroke length, one or more piston body recuperation rings or annular regenerators are arranged; the cylinder wall at this position is also within the length of one piston stroke starting from the junction of the normal temperature section and the high temperature section. An annular regenerator is installed on the cylinder wall; a special-shaped insulated piston is installed in the insulated cylinder. The special-shaped insulated piston is composed of a normal temperature section connected to the crankshaft connecting rod and a high-temperature section extending into the high-temperature area. A piston ring seal is arranged on the normal temperature section.

As a further solution of the heat engine provided by this application, the special-shaped insulated piston is composed of a normal temperature section connected to the crankshaft connecting rod and a high-temperature section extending into the high-temperature area. The high-temperature section is provided with multiple or more evenly distributed on the cross-section. The filling rod is flexibly connected to the high-temperature section; the end of the filling rod close to the high-temperature section of the insulated piston is the heat-conducting end of the filling rod, which is made of high-temperature-resistant heat-conducting and heat-storage materials; the end that extends into the high-temperature area is the insulating end of the filling rod, which is made of heat-insulating material Make.

As a further solution of the heat engine provided by this application, the special-shaped insulated piston is composed of a normal temperature section connected to the crankshaft connecting rod and a high-temperature section extending into the high-temperature area. The high-temperature section is provided with a filling block and a multi-stage folding heat storage heat exchanger. The shapes of the limiting and positioning structures at the top of the combination piece group of the regenerator structure or the folding special-shaped heater fit into each other correspondingly.

As a further solution of the heat engine provided by this application, the cooling structure is provided on the first-level heat storage heat exchange regenerator corresponding to the temperature, and the heat conductor is arranged around the heat storage body of the corresponding temperature level or the regenerator connected to the evaporator. A thermal bridge is formed through components such as one-way valves, and thermally conductive filling rods or filling plates are extended throughout the cold chamber air chamber, fitting into the shape of the special-shaped cooler; a thermal bridge disconnecting structure is provided on the thermal bridge path, which can be rotated around the rotating shaft Composed of rotating thermal bridge connecting rods.

As a further solution of the heat engine provided by this application, the vortex tube structure is arranged at the pressure tail gas flow outlet, the cold air flow duct is connected to the discharge port, and the hot air flow duct is connected to the corresponding regenerator; the hot air flow duct is heated from the vortex tube The air flow outlet passes through the inner cylinder and is connected to the starting end of the heat storage and heat exchange regenerator on the other side. The outlet pipe is located on the short pipe in front of the one-way valve at the end of the heat storage and heat exchange regenerator; the inlet and outlet pipe sections All are equipped with control switch valves.

As a further solution of the heat engine provided by this application, the work flow is divided into four strokes:

①Intake stroke:

The intake valve opens, the special-shaped adiabatic piston and the valve piston stick together and move downward together, cold air enters the cylinder driven by the turbocharger, and both the special-shaped adiabatic piston and the valve piston reach the bottom dead center;

②Compression stroke:

The special-shaped adiabatic piston and the gas distribution piston are stuck together and move upward together. The air is compressed and heated up. The heat-conducting filling rod quickly transfers the heat to the regenerator connected to the evaporator of the refrigeration circuit, causing the gas temperature to drop rapidly; the special-shaped adiabatic piston reaches the top dead center. , the valve piston will continue to move upward thereafter, and the compression stroke ends;

③Power stroke:

The gas distribution piston breaks away from the special-shaped adiabatic piston and continues to move upward. During this process, the gas distribution piston sweeps the compressed air, and the compressed air further heats up step by step through the regenerators at all levels; when the gas distribution piston begins to move upward away from the adiabatic piston , the fuel nozzle opens, the fuel quickly evaporates and heats up to form a mixture;

The special-shaped adiabatic piston moves downward, the spark plug ignites, and the mixture organizes high temperature and low oxygen in the porous regenerative burner and combustion chamber. Rapid and clean combustion, the rapidly heating and expanding gas pushes the adiabatic piston to drive the connecting rod and crankshaft to do work until the special-shaped adiabatic piston reaches the bottom dead center; at the same time, the heating and expanding gas also pushes the valve piston to accelerate the scavenging process until the valve piston reaches the to the top dead center;

④Exhaust stroke:

The exhaust valve on the cylinder head is opened, and the special-shaped adiabatic piston moves upward, pushing the high-temperature flue gas upward through the valve piston and then being discharged. The high-temperature flue gas enters the regenerators at each stage in the valve piston and is gradually cooled to close to normal temperature. The pressure device recovers the pressure energy and then discharges it. The special-shaped adiabatic piston reaches the top dead center. At the same time, the gas distribution piston also moves downward to fit the special-shaped piston. The exhaust stroke ends and the next wave of process begins;

⑤Reversal:

After a period of time, the respective heat storage and release of heat by the regenerators in the corresponding regenerators tend to be saturated. At this time, the rotating mechanism operates, and the multi-stage regenerative regenerator in the valve piston rotates 180 degrees as a whole or other corresponding relatively large values. To achieve reversal at a small angle, or the one-way valve group in the valve piston rotates 180 degrees or other corresponding smaller angles to achieve reversal, the air flow path changes, corresponding to the heat storage working state or heat releasing working state of the regenerator. Change; and so on.

According to the regenerator and the heat engine having the regenerator in the above embodiment, the regenerator includes: a multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange regenerator, a working gas direction control mechanism, an inner cylinder and a heat pump circuit. The multi-stage The heat storage and heat exchange regenerator includes at least a pair of independent multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structures. The multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange type heat recovery structure contains a heat storage body. The multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange type heat recovery structure contains a heat storage body. The heat recovery structure is used to heat or cool the working fluid gas flowing in one direction step by step; the working fluid gas direction control mechanism consists of a reversing valve, a one-way valve group, a high-speed electromagnetic switch valve and a rotating machine or shift Mechanical composition, the working gas direction control mechanism is used to control the unidirectional circulation flow of the working gas, and changes after the multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structure completes the step-by-step heating or step-by-step cooling of the working gas. The flow direction of the working gas; the inner cylinder is located between at least one pair of the multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structures, and the heat pump circuit is arranged inside the inner cylinder. Through the setting of this regenerator, the heat recovery efficiency can be improved, and the temperature difference between the hot and cold ends can be increased, so that there is almost no heat loss during cooling in the cylinder.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structure in the regenerator provided by this application;

Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange recuperation structure using a four-way reversing valve in the regenerator provided by this application;

Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the electronic refrigeration and heating heat pump circuit in the regenerator provided by this application;

Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the power air pump structure in the regenerator provided by this application;

Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the heat pump refrigeration circuit in the regenerator provided by this application;

Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the electromagnetic switch valve in the regenerator provided by this application;

Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the regenerator provided by this application applied to imitation β and γ Stirling heat engines;

Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the regenerator provided by this application applied to a special-shaped heater in a heat engine;

Figure 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the regenerator provided by this application applied to a special-shaped cooler in a heat engine;

Figure 10 is a schematic structural diagram of the regenerator provided by this application applied to an internal combustion engine;

Figure 11 is a schematic structural diagram of the regenerator provided by this application applied to a special-shaped adiabatic piston in an internal combustion engine;

Figure 12 is a schematic structural diagram of an internal combustion engine in which the regenerator provided by this application is installed on the valve piston;

Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the cooling structure of the regenerator provided by this application installed on the gas distribution piston in the regenerator;

Figure 14 is a schematic structural diagram of the regenerator imitating an α-type Stirling heat engine provided by this application;

Figure 15 is a schematic structural diagram of the special-shaped heater in Figure 14;

Figure 16 is a schematic structural diagram of the special-shaped piston in Figure 14;

Figure 17 is a schematic structural diagram of the heating filling piece and the cooling filling piece;

Figure 18 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the heating filler or cold zone filler filling into the hole;

Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of the modification of a rhombus drive Stirling heat engine;

Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of the pressure amplification component driving the refrigeration compressor;

Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of the thermal bridge disconnection structure;

Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of the structural layout of the exhaust port vortex tube;

Figure 23 is a schematic diagram of the combined sheet structure of two plate-shaped heat storage bodies;

Figure 24 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of a foldable heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structure;

Figure 25 is a schematic structural diagram of a folding heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structure with a filler inserted into it;

Figure 26 is a schematic structural diagram of a combination of multiple plate-shaped heat storage bodies;

Figure 27 is a schematic structural diagram of a simulated β-type Stirling heat engine using a multi-stage folding heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structure;

Figure 28 is a schematic structural diagram of an internal combustion engine using a multi-stage folding heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structure;

Figure 29 is a schematic structural diagram of an internal combustion engine in which a folding heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structure is arranged on the valve piston;

Figure 30 is a schematic structural diagram of a simulated α-type Stirling heat engine using a multi-stage folding heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structure;

Figure 31 is a schematic diagram of the combined structure of the foldable heater;

Figure 32 is a schematic structural diagram of a β-type heat engine using a folded heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structure in one embodiment;

Figure 33 is a structural schematic diagram 2 of a β-type heat engine using a folded heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structure in one embodiment;

Figure 34 is a cross-sectional view of the foldable heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structure.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described in detail below through specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Similar elements in different embodiments use associated similar element numbers. In the following embodiments, many details are described in order to make the present application better understood. However, those skilled in the art can readily recognize that some of the features may be omitted in different situations, or may be replaced by other elements, materials, and methods. In some cases, some operations related to the present application are not shown or described in the specification. This is to avoid the core part of the present application being overwhelmed by excessive descriptions. For those skilled in the art, it is difficult to describe these in detail. The relevant operations are not necessary, and they can fully understand the relevant operations based on the descriptions in the instructions and general technical knowledge in the field.

Additionally, the features, operations, or characteristics described in the specification may be combined in any suitable manner to form various embodiments. At the same time, each step or action in the method description can also be sequentially exchanged or adjusted in a manner that is obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the various sequences in the description and drawings are only for clearly describing a certain embodiment, and do not imply a necessary sequence, unless otherwise stated that a certain sequence must be followed.

The serial numbers assigned to components in this article, such as "first", "second", etc., are only used to distinguish the described objects and do not have any sequential or technical meaning. The terms "connection" and "connection" mentioned in this application include direct and indirect connections (connections) unless otherwise specified.

This application provides a regenerator and a heat engine with the regenerator. The regenerator can heat or cool the working gas step by step to recover the temperature of the burned working gas. When the working gas is circulated, , the amount of heat energy converted into piston work is very small, and most of the heat is taken away, thereby reducing efficiency.

Embodiment 1

This embodiment provides a regenerator, as shown in Figures 1 and 2. The regenerator 10 provided in this embodiment includes: a multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange regenerator, a working fluid gas direction control mechanism, an internal Barrel 126 and the heat pump circuit, the multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange regenerator includes: at least a pair of independent multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structures 12, the multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange type heat recovery structure 12 contains porous The regenerator 122 and the working fluid gas direction control mechanism are connected with the paired multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structures 12. The multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structures 12 are used to control the unidirectional flow of working fluid gas. Stage heating or stage cooling. The working gas direction control mechanism is composed of a reversing valve, a one-way valve group, a high-speed electromagnetic switch valve and a rotating machinery or shifting machinery. The working gas direction control mechanism is used to control the one-way circulating flow of the working gas, and in multi-stage The heat storage and heat exchange type heat recovery structure completes the step-by-step heating or step-by-step cooling of the working gas and changes the flow direction of the working gas. The inner cylinder 126 is located between at least one pair of multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structures, and the heat pump circuit is arranged inside the inner cylinder.

In this embodiment, one of the multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structures 12 can cool the hot end working fluid step by step, and the other multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange type heat recovery structure 12 can cool down the cold end working fluid. The gas is heated step by step. More specifically, the multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange type heat recovery structure 12 that performs step-by-step cooling and cooling can absorb the heat of the hot end working gas for heat storage, and performs step-by-step heating and cooling. The thermal structure 12 can release stored thermal energy. After the cold-end working fluid gas is gradually heated and heated and the hot-end working fluid gas is gradually cooled and cooled, the direction can be reversed through the working fluid gas direction control mechanism to carry out the next cycle of cooling, cooling and heating to ensure that continuously working.

The multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange type heat recovery structure 12 is used to heat or cool the working gas step by step. The multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange type heat recovery structure 12 includes: a shell 121 and a plurality of mutually independent porous heat storage units. body 122, the one-way valve group is composed of a first one-way valve 123 and a second one-way valve 124. The two ends of the housing 121 are respectively provided with a first communication port and a second communication port connected to the cavity. In the direction from the first communication port to the second communication port, multiple porous heat storage bodies 122 are arranged in sequence. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the upper multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structure 12 can separate the hot end working fluid gas. Stage cooling reduces the temperature, and the lower multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structure 12 can gradually heat and raise the temperature of the cold end working fluid gas.

In this application, the porous heat storage body 122 is preferably a porous ceramic honeycomb heat storage body, or a specially made special-shaped hole ceramic honeycomb heat storage body.

Due to the use of porous materials such as ceramic honeycomb regenerators, it is easy to cause a significant increase in the useless volume in the cylinder. Therefore, fillers are used to fill the holes to avoid this problem (described in detail in subsequent embodiments), and fillers often A rod-shaped structure corresponding to the hole gap of the porous heat storage body is used, but the smaller the holes, the higher the accuracy requirements. In order to solve this problem, this application can use a folding heat storage body.

Specifically, in another embodiment of the present application, the regenerator provided by the present application includes: a multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange regenerator, a working gas direction control mechanism, an inner cylinder and a heat pump circuit. Thermal heat exchange regenerator includes at least a pair of multi-stage foldable heat storage and heat exchange recuperation structures. The working fluid gas direction control mechanism is connected with the pair of multi-stage folding heat storage and heat exchange recuperation structures. The foldable heat storage and heat exchange recuperation structure is used to gradually heat or cool the unidirectional flow of working fluid gas. The working gas direction control mechanism is composed of a reversing valve, a one-way valve group, a high-speed electromagnetic switch valve and a rotating machinery or shifting machinery. The working gas direction control mechanism is used to control the one-way circulating flow of the working gas, and in multi-stage The foldable heat storage and heat exchange recuperation structure completes the step-by-step heating or step-by-step cooling of the working gas and then changes the flow direction of the working gas. The inner cylinder 126 is located between at least one pair of multi-stage folding heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structures, and the heat pump circuit is arranged inside the inner cylinder.

Referring to Figures 22 to 25, each stage of the heat recovery structure of the multi-stage foldable heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structure includes: a push-pull drive mechanism 1221, at least one combination piece 1222, a limiting positioning structure 1229 and a mechanical transmission device 1220 , the push-pull driving mechanism 1221 is equipped with a reset mechanism, a limit positioning structure 1229 and a mechanical transmission device 1220. The limit positioning structure 1229 is provided on the outside of the combination piece 1222. The mechanical transmission device 1220 also includes a power source 12201 and a pusher 12202. The limit positioning structure 1229 is also A roller 12203 is provided. The side of the limit positioning structure 1229 with the roller 12203 and the pusher 12202 adopt a guide slope. The power source 12201 is directly or indirectly connected with the power piston to output power and fits the movement of the roller 12203 through the pusher 12202. The limiting positioning structure 1229 is pushed to move, thereby indirectly driving the combination piece 1222 to reciprocate between the closed position and the open position. The combined piece 1222 is composed of multi-layer plate-like heat storage bodies 120 that are attached to the support frame and move. A foldable connecting rod structure 130 is set between the plate-like heat storage bodies 120 of the combination piece 1222. The plate-like heat storage bodies 120 is connected to the driving rod 132, the driver 135 folds and unfolds in a reciprocating cycle, and drives each combination piece step by step through the connecting rod structure 130. The driving rod 132 is connected to the crank connecting rod structure 133, and is connected to the flywheel set structure 134. The plate-like heat storage body 120 of the combined piece 1222 is provided with a plurality of grooves and a plurality of protrusions at intervals along its length direction. The shapes of the grooves and protrusions of adjacent plate-like heat storage bodies 120 correspond to each other one-to-one. chimeric. When the adjacent plate-like heat storage bodies 120 are unfolded, the grooves and convex shapes of the adjacent plate-like heat storage bodies 120 are separated from each other to form a working fluid gas channel. When the adjacent plate-like heat storage bodies 120 are attached to each other, the grooves and protrusions of the adjacent plate-like heat storage bodies 120 fit into each other to close the working fluid gas channel.

In this embodiment, for the convenience of description, the plate-like heat storage bodies in the combined sheet structure with only two plate-like heat storage bodies 120 are respectively defined as the first heat storage body 1223 and the second heat storage body 1224. A heat storage body 1223 is provided with a plurality of protrusions at intervals along its length direction. The second heat storage body 1224 is provided with a plurality of grooves at intervals along its length direction. The plurality of protrusions and the plurality of grooves are arranged one by one. Correspondingly, and can fit into each other, the first heat storage body 1223 and the second heat storage body 1224 are close to each other, so that the protrusion can be inserted into the groove to fit in, or the first heat storage body 1223 and the second heat storage body 1224 can be fitted into each other. The heating bodies 1224 are moved away from each other, so that the protrusions and grooves are separated to form a working fluid gas channel. When the first heat storage body 1223 and the second heat storage body 1224 are close to each other so that the protrusion is inserted into the groove, there is no dead volume and the working fluid gas channel is closed.

In a specific embodiment, the first heat storage body 1223 is provided with a plurality of first grooves 1225 along its length direction, and a first protrusion 1226 is formed between two adjacent first grooves 1225. The second heat storage body 1224 is provided with a plurality of second grooves 1227 along its length direction, and a second protrusion 1228 is formed between two adjacent second grooves 1227. The position of the first groove 1225 corresponds to the position of the second protrusion 1228. The position of the first protrusion 1226 corresponds to the position of the second groove 1227. The first heat storage body 1223 and the second heat storage body 1224 of each combination piece 1222 are connected to the push-pull driving mechanism 1221. The push-pull driving mechanism 1221 is used to push and pull the second heat storage body 1224 and the first heat storage body 1223 in the open position. Move back and forth between the closed position. In the closed position, the first protrusion 1226 is inserted into the second groove 1227, and the second protrusion 1228 is inserted into the first groove 1225. In the open position, the first protrusion 1226 moves out of the second groove 1227, and the second protrusion 1228 moves out of the first groove 1225. The first groove 225 and the second groove 1227 are formed as working gas channels.

The push-pull drive structure 1221 has a built-in reset mechanism, such as a strong spring reset, a flywheel inertia energy storage reset, etc., which are combined with mechanical components such as crankshaft connecting rods or gears to convert into rapid linear reciprocating motion. These are similar or basically the same as existing mechanical technologies such as folding machinery. .

The following embodiments illustrate a regenerator using a multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange recuperation structure. Taking the Stirling heat engine as an example, when the working fluid in the hot cylinder flows toward the cold cylinder, that is, during the cooling process, when the hot fluid passes through the corresponding multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structure 12, it flows through each porous structure in turn. The temperature of the heat storage body 122 gradually decreases along the flow direction of the working gas, forming a decreasing temperature gradient. On the contrary, when the cold cylinder working fluid flows to the hot cylinder, that is, in the heat recovery process, when the cold fluid passes through the corresponding multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structure 12, it flows through each porous heat storage body 122 in turn, and along the In the flow direction of the working gas, the temperature gradually increases, forming an increasing temperature gradient.

More specifically, for example, for example, the initial temperature of the working gas at the cold end of a Stirling heat engine is T0. The working gas enters the first-stage porous regenerator through the cooler and is heated to T1; then it enters the second-stage porous regenerator and is heated to T1. T2, and so on, step by step enters the Nth stage porous heat storage body to heat up to Tn; then enters the hot end cylinder to expand and perform work W, and the temperature drops to T, and then enters the cooling stroke: the working gas is pressed into the Nth level porous heat storage The body temperature drops to Tn, then enters the (N-1)-level porous heat storage body and cools to T(n-1), and so on, until the temperature of the first-level porous heat storage body drops to T0, and returns to the cold end cylinder. , and start the next cycle.

In this application, different heat storage materials are selected according to the temperature of the working fluid gas. The porous heat storage body near the high temperature end is preferably made of porous ceramic honeycomb heat storage body, the one near the low temperature end can be made of low normal temperature heat storage material, and the one at the high temperature end can be made of low temperature heat storage material. Choose a metal regenerator for the mid-temperature section between the low-temperature end and the low-temperature end. Low-temperature end heat storage materials include but are not limited to room temperature phase change heat storage materials, heat storage bodies supported by solid phase change materials such as plastic crystal materials, etc., so that the temperature of the working fluid gas drops to close to room temperature without the need to continue cooling and cancel or improve cooling. Machines and other mechanisms, the specific material selection can be selected according to different use occasions and working conditions.

The first one-way valve 123 is connected to the first communication port, and the second one-way valve 124 is connected to the second communication port, so that each multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structure 12 can form a one-way flow of working gas. . The setting of the two reversing valves can determine the forward and reverse directions of the working gas circulation flow.

It should be noted that after the heat storage or heat release of the porous heat storage body 122 in each multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange type heat recovery structure 12 tends to a saturated state, the rotating machinery or the shifting machinery 11 is used to The multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange type heat recovery structure 12 is reversed to ensure continuous operation.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structure 12 also includes: a plurality of porous heat insulation plates 125. Along the direction from the first communication port to the second communication port, a plurality of porous heat insulation plates 125 are arranged in sequence between two adjacent porous heat storage bodies 122, and each porous heat storage body 122 is separated by a porous heat insulation plate 125 to form an independent heat storage and heat release structure.

It should be noted that, in order to ensure the smooth flow of the working gas, each hole of the porous heat storage body 122 and each hole of the porous heat insulation plate 125 are kept coaxial.

In order to ensure a compact structure, the regenerator 10 provided in this embodiment also includes: an inner cylinder 126. The inner cylinder 126 has functions such as heat insulation, pressure resistance, and sealing. The inner cylinder 126 is disposed between the two shells 121. .

Of course, in other embodiments, some components with relatively fixed positions and high operating environment requirements can also be disposed inside the inner barrel 126 .

In this embodiment, if a structure similar to that of an internal combustion engine is used to connect the timing mechanism to the valve, the cylinder piston of the heat engine operates in rhythm to open and close the valve, and it also has a one-way valve function to form a one-way cycle. Therefore, it is also possible to adopt a structure that is connected to the piston. Mechanical structures such as electromagnetic switch valves with motion synchronization function undertake this function. By setting up corresponding sensors to collect the signal of piston movement, and then controlling the rhythm of the electromagnetic switch valve through a programmed controller to synchronize it with the piston movement. After a predetermined time, Then change the rhythm of the electromagnetic switch valve to achieve regular reversal.

In this embodiment, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, the rotating machinery or shifting machinery 11 in the working fluid gas direction control mechanism is arranged in a pair of multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange types. Between the heat recovery structures 12, a rotating machine or a shifting machine 11 is used to change the direction of the multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structures arranged in pairs. That is, the rotating machine or the shifting machine 11 changes the direction of the multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange type heat recovery structure 12 that has completed the step-by-step heating, so that the multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange type heat recovery structure 12 that has completed the step-by-step heating is cooled step by step. At work, the rotating machinery or shifting machinery 11 will change the direction of the multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange type heat recovery structure 12 that has completed the step-by-step cooling, so that the multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange type heat recovery structure 12 that has completed the step-by-step cooling can be heated step by step. Work.

The rotating machinery or shifting machinery 11 specifically realizes the reversal by rotating the multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange regenerator structure 12 in the vertical direction by 180° (when each stage has only one pair of heat storage and heat exchange regenerators). The rotating machinery or shifting machinery 11 is used to form a rotary structure of the multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structures 12 arranged in pairs. Of course, in other embodiments, when the multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structure 12 cannot rotate, the rotation of the four-way reversing valve 128 (as shown in Figure 2) can also be used to achieve the purpose of timing switching. The reversing valve 128 adopts switching.

Continuing to refer to Figures 1 and 2, the high-speed electromagnetic switch valve 127 in the working fluid gas direction control mechanism is disposed between the second communication port and the second one-way valve 124. The high-speed electromagnetic switch valve 127 is used to control the second The communication port and the second one-way valve 124 are connected or disconnected.

The high-speed solenoid switch valve is composed of two basically identical valve cores. Each valve core is composed of at least two or more seventy-six channels, solid sections, and sealing plates. The spatial position relationship is that when one of the valve cores moves in a specific direction, each valve core The sealing plates are closed; when moving in the other direction, each sealing plate comes out of contact, and the air flow channels of the upper and lower valve cores are aligned with each other.

As shown in Figure 6, the high-speed electromagnetic switching valve 127 includes: a switching valve driving assembly (not shown in the figure) and two valve cores 1271 arranged side by side. The valve cores 1271 are provided with multiple airflows at intervals along its length direction. In the channel 1272, seals 1273 are provided on the opposite sides of the two valve cores 1271. The switch valve driving assembly is used to drive one of the valve cores 1271 to reciprocate in a direction toward or away from the other valve core 1271 to make the seals 1273 seal. Or open the air flow channel 1272.

It can be understood that one valve core 1271 is a movable valve core that can move, and the other valve core 1271 is a fixed valve core that is fixed in position. The switch valve driving assembly is connected with the movable valve core and drives the movable valve core in the direction of or The reciprocating movement is away from the direction of the fixed valve core, so that the seal 1273 on one valve core 1271 can seal or open the air flow channel 1272 on the other valve core 1271.

The setting of the electromagnetic switch valve actually adopts a structure similar to that of an internal combustion engine in which a timing mechanism is connected to the valve. It opens and closes the valve according to the operating rhythm of the cylinder piston. It also has the function of an electromagnetic one-way valve to form a one-way cycle. Therefore, , this function can also be assumed by machinery such as high-speed electromagnetic switching valves with the function of synchronizing with the piston movement. After sensing the relevant signals of the sensor, the programming controller controls the rhythm of the switching valve to synchronize it with the piston movement, and then changes the switching valve after a predetermined time. The beat of the machine enables timing reversal.

In order to improve the temperature transfer of the working fluid gas, the heat engine provided by this application also includes: a heat pump loop, which is connected between at least a pair of multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structures 12 or is arranged on at least a pair of multi-stage folding structures 12 . Between the multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structures, the heat pump circuit is used to transfer the heat of the multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange type heat recovery structure 12 for heating to the multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange type heat recovery structure 12 for cooling. Alternatively, the heat pump circuit is used to transfer heat from the multi-stage folding heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structure for heating to the multi-stage folding heat storage and heat exchange type heat recovery structure for cooling.

As shown in Figure 3, the heat pump circuit is an electronic refrigeration and heating mechanism 30. The electronic refrigeration and heating mechanism 30 includes: a temperature difference power generation circuit 31, a plurality of first temperature difference power generation sheets 32, a plurality of second temperature difference power generation sheets 33, a battery 34 and an electronic refrigeration unit. In the loop 35, the first thermoelectric power generation sheet 32 is arranged in the porous heat storage body 122 of the multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange type heat recovery structure 12 for heating, and the second thermoelectric power generation sheet 33 is arranged in the multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange type for cooling. The porous heat storage body 122 of the heat recovery structure 12, and the first thermoelectric power generation sheet 32 and the second thermoelectric power generation sheet 33 are connected to the thermoelectric power generation circuit 31. The output end of the thermoelectric power generation circuit 31 is connected to the input end of the battery 34. The battery 34 The output end of the electronic refrigeration circuit 35 is connected to the input end of the electronic refrigeration circuit 35. The electronic refrigeration circuit 35 has a cooling end 351 and a heat dissipation end 352. The cooling end 351 is connected to a multi-stage heat storage heat exchange heat recovery structure 12 for heating or a multi-stage heating end. The foldable heat storage and heat exchange type heat recovery structure is connected, and the heat dissipation end 352 is connected to the multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange type heat recovery structure 12 for refrigeration or the multi-stage folding type heat storage and heat exchange type heat recovery structure for refrigeration.

Among the choices of heat pump technology that can be used, the working pressure required to compress the refrigeration working fluid is high, the compressor has high energy consumption, and the noise is high. The heat dissipation temperature of the condenser is not high, but the cooling temperature is low, which can be below zero. Absorption heat pump refrigeration drives The pump has low energy consumption and simple working conditions for working fluids. It is mostly used to absorb waste heat for refrigeration. For commonly used working fluid pairs such as lithium bromide and water, the cooling temperature will not be lower than zero. In practical applications, absorption heat pumps (refrigeration) are more commonly used. ) technology, especially for chemical heat pumps with high exothermic temperatures, such as chemical heat pumps where the working fluid is metal hydride, the exothermic structure of the heat pump can reach nearly 300 degrees, which is conducive to the formation of a temperature difference from low to high in the reheat process of the working fluid gas.

Referring to the heat pump technology, a heat pump type heat storage regenerator is set up, and a heat pump refrigeration recuperation circuit is arranged on the regenerator; for the sudden change of air pressure in the available cylinder driven by a compression refrigerator, a similar structure of a piston air pump is set up to absorb the gas pressure, which can become A simple compressor or drive pump. For a heat pump circuit using a drive pump or other mechanism, it can also be directly or indirectly connected to the piston crank connecting rod. The knot thus provides circulation pump driving force.

As shown in Figures 5 and 4, in another embodiment, the heat pump circuit is a heat pump refrigeration circuit 40. The heat pump refrigeration circuit 40 includes: a power air pump structure 41, a heat release structure 42, a heat absorption structure 43 and a throttling structure 44 , the heat release structure 42 is arranged on the porous heat storage body 122 of the multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structure 12 for heating, and the heat absorption structure 43 is arranged on the porous multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange type heat recovery structure 12 for cooling. The heat storage body 122 and the throttling structure 44 are connected between the output end of the heat releasing structure 42 and the input end of the heat absorbing structure 43. The output end of the power air pump structure 41 is connected to the input end of the heat releasing structure 42. The heat absorbing structure 43 The output end is connected with the input end of the power air pump structure 41, and the power air pump structure 41 is directly or indirectly connected with the piston rod.

As shown in Figure 4, the power air pump structure 41 includes: an air pump cylinder 411, an air pump piston 412, an air pump piston rod 413, a conduit 414, a partition 415, a reset elastic member 416 and a bottom plate 417. The bottom plate 417 is installed on the air pump cylinder 411. At the bottom, the partition 415 is fixedly installed inside the air pump cylinder 411 to divide the inside of the air pump cylinder 411 into an air intake chamber 418 and a compression chamber 419. The conduit 414 is installed on the partition 415, and the length direction of the conduit 414 is parallel to In the length direction of the air pump cylinder 411, the air pump piston rod 412 is movable through the conduit 414, and one end of the air pump piston rod 412 is against the bottom plate 417. The air pump piston 412 is connected to the other end of the air pump piston rod 413, and the reset elastic member 416 It is disposed between the air pump piston rod 413 and the bottom plate 417. The compression chamber 419 of the air pump cylinder 411 is connected to the input end of the heat releasing structure 42 , and the air inlet chamber 418 of the air pump cylinder 411 is connected to the output end of the heat absorbing structure 43 . The air pump piston 412 can work according to changes in air pressure inside the cylinder 21 to convert pressure energy into power.

When the pressure of the working fluid in the cylinder 21 increases, the air pump piston 412 compresses the gas in the air pump cylinder 411, and at the same time, the air pump piston rod 413 is pulled to move along the conduit 414, so that the return elastic member 416 is compressed. When the working fluid pressure in the cylinder 21 becomes smaller, the reset elastic member 416 releases the elastic potential energy and pulls the air pump piston rod 413, thereby pulling the air pump piston 412 to reset. This reciprocating cycle provides the function of refrigeration and compression.

The power air pump structure 21 is arranged along the movement direction of the air distribution piston, which facilitates the installation of a filling body to reduce or eliminate the useless volume increase caused by the reciprocating motion of the air pump piston 412.

If the pressure in the cylinder 21 is too small to drive, a device such as a mechanical hydraulic booster mechanism can be set up to increase the pressure difference, or a transmission shaft or transmission mechanism can be designed to connect the air pump piston rod 413 with the engine piston or crankshaft connecting rod, etc. The driving force can be obtained through direct or indirect connection, and even additional external power can be connected to set up a high-power refrigeration compressor or driving equipment to achieve cooling within the cylinder 21 . Furthermore, a heat pump refrigeration circuit composed of a heat releasing structure 42 and a heat absorbing structure 43 can be arranged.

As shown in Figure 20, the power air pump structure 41 also includes: a pressure amplification mechanism 45. The pressure amplification mechanism 45 is connected to the air pump piston 412. The pressure amplification assembly 41 is used to amplify the pressure output by the air pump piston.

The pressure amplifying mechanism 45 preferably adopts a three-stage lever amplifying horizontal force amplifying structure to amplify the pressure of the air pump piston 412 .

There can be many different arrangements and combinations of various levels of heat storage heat exchange regenerators and working gas direction controllers or various types of reversing valves, one-way valve groups, high-speed electromagnetic switch valves and rotating machinery or heat pump circuits. method, the overall arrangement and combination sequence are arranged according to the temperature gradient of the working gas flowing out from the regenerative heat exchange regenerators at all levels after the completion of heat absorption or heat release from high to low or from low to high.

Embodiment 2.

This application provides a heat engine 20 with a regenerator. The heat engine 20 includes: the regenerator described in Embodiment 1. For Stirling heat engines, the useless volume is very harmful. In order to reduce the useless volume, the size and shape of the heater, cooler, and regenerator are greatly restricted. Only small-volume regenerators can be used, and the heaters and coolers are incompatible with each other. The contact area of the working fluid gas in the cylinder is small, and the heat exchange capacity is small, resulting in small input power, which in turn leads to low power and slow start of the Stirling heat engine.

This application uses filling pieces to eliminate useless volume. Specifically, see Figure 7. The imitation β and γ type Stirling machine provided by this application also includes: a cylinder 21, a special-shaped heater 22, and a gas distribution piston. 23 and special-shaped cooler 24, power piston 25, The valve piston pull rod 26, the crank connecting rod 27 and the flywheel 28 have a multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange type heat recovery structure arranged inside the valve piston 23. The valve piston 23 can be reciprocally slid inside the cylinder 21 and has a special shape. The heater 22 is arranged in the hot cavity of the cylinder 21 , and the special-shaped cooler 24 is arranged in the cold cavity of the cylinder 21 . The power piston 25 is connected to the valve piston 23 through a valve piston pull rod 26, and the power piston 25 is connected to the flywheel 28 through a crank connecting rod 27.

The special-shaped heater 22 includes: a heater heat conductor 221 and a plurality of heater filling rods 222. The heater heat conductor 221 is provided with a heater filling rod 222 that matches the shape of a heat storage body hole. The plurality of heater filling rods 222 and the heater heat conductor 221 are flexibly connected. Specifically, high temperature resistant metal wires can be used between the plurality of heater filling rods 222 and the side of the heater heat conductor 221 facing the valve piston 23, with a greater degree of freedom. The flexible connection is realized by a flexible buckle and other structures, and can be rotated relative to the heater thermal conductor 221. A plurality of heater filling rods 222 are used to fill the holes of the porous heat storage body 122 close to it, and the heater filling rods 222 It is tightly connected with the holes of the porous heat storage body to eliminate useless volume. The heater filling rod 222 using a rotary connection can block the transmission of lateral force when the valve piston 23 is running, reducing or even eliminating the frictional resistance between the filling piece and the hole wall. In this embodiment, the end of the heater filling rod 222 extending into the hole is the insulated end of the heater filling rod.

The special-shaped cooler 24 includes: a cooler heat conductor 241 and a plurality of cooler filling rods 242. The cooler heat conductor 241 is provided with a cooler filling rod 242 that matches the corresponding hole shape. The plurality of cooler filling rods 242 are in contact with the cooler. The heat conductor 241 is flexibly connected. Specifically, the multiple cooler filling rods 242 and the cooler heat conductor 241 can also be made of high-temperature-resistant metal wires or buckles with greater freedom before facing the side of the gas distribution piston 23. and other structures to realize flexible connection, and can rotate relative to the cooler heat conductor 241. A plurality of cooler filling rods 242 are used to fill the holes of the porous heat storage body 122 close to it, and the cooler filling rods 242 are connected with the porous heat conductor 241. The holes of the heat storage body are tightly connected to eliminate useless volume. The cooler filling rod 242 with a rotational connection can block the transmission of lateral force when the valve piston 23 is running, reducing or even eliminating the frictional resistance between the filling piece and the hole wall. . In this embodiment, the end of the cooler filling rod 242 extending into the hole is the insulated end of the cooler filling rod.

Referring to Figure 8, the heater filling rod 222 has a heater filling rod thermal conductive end 2221 and a heater filling rod insulating end 2222. The heater filling rod thermal conductive end 2221 is rotatably installed on the heater thermal conductor 221 toward the gas distribution piston 23. On one side, the insulated end 2222 of the heater filling rod can be filled into the holes of the porous heat storage body 122 . The heat-conducting end 2221 of the heater filling rod is made of high-temperature-resistant heat-conducting and heat-storage material, which has the functions of heat conduction and auxiliary heating of working gas. The insulating end 2222 of the heater filling rod is made of quartz, zirconia and other insulating materials.

As shown in FIG. 9 , the cooler filling rod 242 has a cooler filling rod thermal conductive end 2421 and a cooler filling rod insulating end 2422 . The cooler filling rod thermal conductive end 2421 is rotatably installed on the cooler thermal conductor 241 toward the valve piston 23 On one side, the insulated end 2422 of the cooler filling rod can be filled into the holes of the porous heat storage body 122 . Similarly, the heat-conducting end 2421 of the cooler filling rod is made of high-temperature-resistant heat-conducting and heat-storage material, which has the functions of heat conduction and auxiliary heating of working gas. The insulating end 2422 of the cooler filling rod is made of quartz, zirconia and other insulating materials.

In one embodiment of the heat engine with a regenerator provided in this application, as shown in Figure 7, the regenerator adopts a multi-stage folding heat storage and heat exchange structure, and adopts a multi-stage folding heat storage and heat exchange structure. The heat engine is an imitated β and γ Stirling machine. Specifically, the heat engine with a regenerator with a multi-stage folding heat storage and heat exchange structure includes: cylinder 21, special-shaped heater 22, and gas distribution piston 23 As well as a special-shaped cooler 24, a power piston 25, a valve piston pull rod 26, a crank connecting rod 27 and a flywheel 28. The multi-stage folding heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structure is arranged inside the valve piston 23. The valve piston 23 can The special-shaped heater 22 is arranged in the hot cavity of the cylinder 21 and the special-shaped cooler 24 is arranged in the cold cavity of the cylinder 21 . The power piston 25 is connected to the valve piston 23 through a valve piston pull rod 26, and the power piston 25 is connected to the flywheel 28 through a crank connecting rod 27.

A multi-stage foldable heat storage and heat exchange recuperation structure is arranged on the gas distribution piston, thus having the functions of both a regenerator and a gas distribution piston. The heat storage and heat exchange recuperation structures at each level are arranged sequentially starting from the heat chamber and adopt ceramic honeycomb storage. Heat exchangers for hot bodies, metal heat exchangers, semiconductor Body refrigeration heat pump structure, absorption or compression refrigeration heat pump heat exchange mechanism.

The special-shaped heater 22 includes: a heater heat conductor 221 and a plurality of heater filling rods 222. The heater heat conductor 221 is provided with a heater filling rod 222 that matches the shape of a heat storage body hole. The plurality of heater filling rods 222 and the heater heat conductor 221 are flexibly connected. Specifically, high temperature resistant metal wires can be used between the plurality of heater filling rods 222 and the side of the heater heat conductor 221 facing the valve piston 23, with a greater degree of freedom. The flexible connection is realized by a flexible buckle and other structures, and can be rotated relative to the heater thermal conductor 221. A plurality of heater filling rods 222 are used to fill the holes of the porous heat storage body 122 close to it, and the heater filling rods 222 It is tightly connected with the holes of the porous heat storage body to eliminate useless volume. The heater filling rod 222 using a rotary connection can block the transmission of lateral force when the valve piston 23 is running, reducing or even eliminating the frictional resistance between the filling piece and the hole wall. In this embodiment, the end of the heater filling rod 222 extending into the hole is the insulated end of the heater filling rod.

The special-shaped cooler 24 includes: a cooler heat conductor 241 and a plurality of cooler filling rods 242. The cooler heat conductor 241 is provided with a cooler filling rod 242 that matches the corresponding hole shape. The plurality of cooler filling rods 242 are in contact with the cooler. The heat conductor 241 is flexibly connected. Specifically, the multiple cooler filling rods 242 and the cooler heat conductor 241 can also be made of high-temperature-resistant metal wires or buckles with greater freedom before facing the side of the gas distribution piston 23. and other structures to realize flexible connection, and can rotate relative to the cooler heat conductor 241. A plurality of cooler filling rods 242 are used to fill the holes of the porous heat storage body 122 close to it, and the cooler filling rods 242 are connected with the porous heat conductor 241. The holes of the heat storage body are tightly connected to eliminate useless volume. The cooler filling rod 242 with a rotational connection can block the transmission of lateral force when the valve piston 23 is running, reducing or even eliminating the frictional resistance between the filling piece and the hole wall. . In this embodiment, the end of the cooler filling rod 242 extending into the hole is the insulated end of the cooler filling rod.

Referring to Figure 8, the heater filling rod 222 has a heater filling rod thermal conductive end 2221 and a heater filling rod insulating end 2222. The heater filling rod thermal conductive end 2221 is rotatably installed on the heater thermal conductor 221 toward the gas distribution piston 23. On one side, the insulated end 2222 of the heater filling rod can be filled into the holes of the porous heat storage body 122 . The heat-conducting end 2221 of the heater filling rod is made of high-temperature-resistant heat-conducting and heat-storage material, which has the functions of heat conduction and auxiliary heating of working gas. The insulating end 2222 of the heater filling rod is made of quartz, zirconia and other insulating materials.

As shown in FIG. 9 , the cooler filling rod 242 has a cooler filling rod thermal conductive end 2421 and a cooler filling rod insulating end 2422 . The cooler filling rod thermal conductive end 2421 is rotatably installed on the cooler thermal conductor 241 toward the valve piston 23 On one side, the insulated end 2422 of the cooler filling rod can be filled into the holes of the porous heat storage body 122 . Similarly, the heat-conducting end 2421 of the cooler filling rod is made of high-temperature-resistant heat-conducting and heat-storage material, which has the functions of heat conduction and auxiliary heating of working gas. The insulating end 2422 of the cooler filling rod is made of quartz, zirconia and other insulating materials.

A multi-stage foldable heat storage and heat exchange recuperation structure is arranged on the gas distribution piston, thus having the functions of both a regenerator and a gas distribution piston. The heat storage and heat exchange recuperation structures at each level are arranged sequentially starting from the heat chamber and adopt ceramic honeycomb storage. Hot body heat exchanger, metal heat exchanger, semiconductor refrigeration heat pump structure, absorption or compression refrigeration heat pump heat exchange mechanism.

As shown in Figure 13, the heat engine provided by this application also includes: a thermal conductor 29. The thermal conductor 29 is arranged in the cold cavity of the cylinder 21 and is connected to the porous heat storage body 122 close to the cold cavity.

In order to reduce the increase in compression work caused by the increase in temperature during the compression stroke, a cooling structure is provided on the porous heat storage body 122 corresponding to the heating temperature of the compressed gas, and a thermal conductor is provided on the porous heat storage body corresponding to the temperature level to bypass the second one-way The valve 124 forms a thermal bridge, and extends the thermally conductive filler 292 throughout the cold chamber air chamber, matching the shape of the special-shaped cooler. The close movement of the two can perfectly eliminate useless volume.

As shown in Figure 13, this heat engine also includes: a thermal bridge disconnection component 291. The thermal bridge disconnection component 291 is provided between the thermal conductor 29 and the porous thermal storage body 122, and is used to control the thermal conductor 29 and the porous thermal storage body 122. between interruptions and connections.

As shown in Figure 21, the thermal bridge disconnection assembly 291 is composed of a rotating shaft 2911 and a thermal bridge connecting rod 2912. The thermal bridge connecting rod 2912 It can rotate around the rotating shaft 2911.

In one embodiment, the cross-sectional area of the heater filling rod 222 gradually decreases from the connection with the heater filling rod thermal end 2221 to the end of the heater filling rod 222 away from the heater filling rod thermal end 2221. The cross-sectional area of the holes of the porous heat storage body 122 close to the heater filling rod 222 gradually decreases from one end close to the heater filling rod 222 to the other end far away from the heater filling rod 222. Similarly, the cooling filling member 224 In order to gradually reduce the cross-sectional area starting from the connection with the cooling heat conduction section 2241 to the end of the cooling filler 224 away from the cooling heat conduction section 2241, the holes of the porous heat storage body 122 close to the cooling filler 224 start from the cooling filler 224. The cross-sectional area starting from one end of 224 and ending at the other end away from the cooling filler 224 gradually decreases. As a result, the heater filling rod 222, the heating filling piece 224 and the holes of the porous heat storage body 122 form a tapered structure, thereby ensuring that the working gas can flow gradually.

Referring to FIGS. 17 and 18 , the heater filling rod 222 and the porous heat storage body 122 close to the heater filling rod 222 are taken as an example for description.

When a foldable heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structure is used, as shown in Figure 27, the special-shaped heater 22, the gas distribution piston 23, and the special-shaped cooler 24 are arranged in sequence in the cylinder, and a multi-stage foldable storage tank is arranged on the gas distribution piston 23. The thermal heat exchange type heat recovery structure 12 has one end close to the special-shaped heater 22 as the cylinder hot chamber, and the other end close to the special-shaped cooler 24 as the cylinder cold chamber. A one-way air inlet valve or intake valve 261 can be installed on the cold chamber; , the rest of the power piston 26, valve piston tie rod 25, crankshaft connecting rod 27, flywheel 28 and other structures are the same or similar to the existing β and γ Stirling machine technologies.

The special-shaped heater 22 is composed of a special-shaped thermal conductor 223 and a filling body 225. The special-shaped thermal conductor 223 is made of high-temperature-resistant thermal conductive materials such as silicon carbide, copper, etc., and introduces external heat into the hot end of the cylinder; it is also provided with a corresponding The shape of the filling body 224 of the regenerator positioning and limiting structure is consistent when inserted, and the dead volume is eliminated; the shape of the special-shaped heat conductor 223 and the filling block 225 in the corresponding area of the inner cylinder corresponds to the mortise and tenon structure that interlocks with each other, that is, the geometric shape It matches the corresponding relationship as shown in Figure 16, thus eliminating the useless volume.

The special-shaped cooler 24 is composed of a special-shaped heat conductor 243 and a filling body 225. The special-shaped heat conductor 243 is made of thermal conductive material and introduces or exports external heat into the cold end of the cylinder; it is also provided with a corresponding regenerator positioning and limiting structure. The filling body 224 of the same shape fits tightly when inserted to eliminate dead volume; the shapes of the special-shaped thermal conductor 223 and the filling block 225 in the corresponding area of the inner cylinder correspond to each other, just like the mortise and tenon structures interlocking with each other, that is, the geometric shapes match. As shown in Figure 16, the corresponding relationship is thus eliminated.

A multi-stage foldable heat storage and heat exchange structure is arranged on the gas distribution piston, thus having the functions of both a regenerator and a gas distribution piston. The heat storage and heat exchange structures at each level are arranged sequentially starting from the heat chamber and using ceramic honeycomb heat storage bodies. Heater, metal heat exchanger, semiconductor refrigeration heat pump heat exchanger, absorption or compression refrigeration heat pump heat exchanger, a mechanical transmission device is arranged in the inner cylinder and is directly and indirectly connected to the piston to control the expansion and expansion of the regenerator according to the rhythm of the piston movement. Folded, various heat pump components, pipe valves, control circuits, etc. are arranged simultaneously in the inner cylinder.

When external heat is introduced into the cylinder through the special-shaped heater and the valve piston moves toward the cold chamber, the cold-end filling body cooperates with the mechanical transmission device to fold the cold-end regenerators step by step, and at the same time, the hot-end regenerators unfold in turn. Next, the working fluid gas in the cold cavity gradually passes through the multi-stage regenerative regenerator and the one-way valve with the air inlet in the direction of the cold end. It absorbs the heat of the regenerator step by step and the temperature rises step by step until it enters the hot cavity. , and at the same time, the filling block continues to approach the special-shaped heat conductor until the two are tightly combined without gaps; when the gas distribution piston moves toward the hot chamber, the hot end filling body cooperates with the mechanical transmission device to fold the cold end regenerators step by step, and at the same time, the cold end The stage regenerators are stretched out in sequence, and the hot cavity working gas passes through the multi-stage regenerative regenerator and the one-way valve with the air inlet in the direction of the hot end. The temperature Gradually decreases; after entering the heat pump refrigeration regenerator, the heat storage body connected to the evaporator at the cooling end absorbs heat, and the temperature further drops below normal temperature. At the same time, the filling block continues to approach the special-shaped heat conductor until the two are tightly combined without gaps; the rest of the structure And the operation is the same or similar to that of β and γ Stirling machines.

This embodiment also provides a heat engine 50 with a regenerator. The heat engine includes: the regenerator described in Embodiment 1. Specifically, the regenerator adopts a multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structure.

As shown in Figure 10, the heat engine 50 provided in this embodiment includes: an adiabatic cylinder 54, a combustion chamber, a porous regenerative burner 52, a fuel nozzle 53, a multi-stage regenerative heat exchange recuperation structure, a cooling structure, and a vortex tube The separation structure, the moving filling block and the intake and exhaust valve set structure and timing system on the cylinder head, the air filter system, the cooling system and the turbocharger system, the insulated cylinder 54 is equipped with a special-shaped insulated piston and a sealing structure, the special-shaped insulated piston and the crankshaft The connecting rod is connected, and a multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structure is arranged in the combustion chamber. A porous adiabatic cylinder 54 with a fixed spatial position, a porous regenerative burner 52, a fuel nozzle 53, and a multi-stage regenerative heat exchange heat recovery structure are sequentially arranged in the combustion chamber. The movable filling block is composed of one or more independent filling blocks, each of which is The mobile filling block is free between the cold cavity and the combustion chamber, and is directly or indirectly connected with the timing system.

In one embodiment of this application, the regenerator adopts a multi-stage folding heat storage and heat exchange recuperation structure, as shown in Figure 28. The heat engine provided by this application includes: an adiabatic cylinder 54, a combustion chamber, and a porous heat storage Burner 52, fuel nozzle 53, multi-stage folding heat storage and heat exchange recuperation structure, cooling structure, vortex tube separation structure, movable filling block, intake and exhaust valve set structure and timing system on the cylinder head, and air filtration system , cooling system and worm gear supercharging system, the adiabatic cylinder 54 is provided with a special-shaped adiabatic piston and a sealing structure, the special-shaped adiabatic piston is connected to the crankshaft connecting rod, and a porous regenerative burner, a fuel nozzle and a multi-stage folding type with fixed spatial position are arranged in the combustion chamber. In the heat storage and heat exchange regenerator structure, a filling body is provided on the high-temperature section of the special-shaped insulated piston, which corresponds to the shape of the limiting positioning structure on the top of the combined sheet group of the multi-stage folding heat storage and heat exchange regenerator structure and is embedded in each other. Combined; the movable filling block is composed of one or more independent filling blocks. The movable filling block moves freely between the cold chamber and the combustion chamber, and is directly or indirectly connected with the timing system.

As shown in Figure 12, in one embodiment of the present application, a heat engine with a regenerator includes: an adiabatic cylinder 54, a combustion chamber, a gas distribution piston, a multi-stage heat storage heat exchange recuperation structure, a fuel nozzle 53, a cooling Structure, special-shaped cooler, intake and exhaust valve set structure and timing system, air filtration system, cooling system, turbocharging system, special-shaped insulated piston and sealing structure in the insulated cylinder, fuel nozzles arranged in the combustion chamber, multi-stage heat storage The heat exchange regenerator is installed on the gas distribution piston and is connected with the cooling structure; the gas distribution piston divides the cylinder into a cold chamber and a hot chamber, and the cold chamber is connected to a special-shaped cooler.

When a multi-stage folding type heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structure is used, as shown in Figure 28, the heat engine provided by this application includes: an insulated cylinder 54, a combustion chamber, a gas distribution piston, a multi-stage folding type heat storage and heat exchange type heat recovery type Thermal structure, fuel nozzle, cooling structure, special-shaped cooler, intake and exhaust valve group structure and timing system, air filtration system, cooling system, turbocharging system, special-shaped adiabatic piston and sealing structure in the adiabatic cylinder, special-shaped adiabatic piston There is a filling block and a multi-stage folding heat storage and heat exchange regenerator structure. The limiting positioning structure on the top of the combined sheet group fits into each other correspondingly; the combustion chamber is equipped with a fuel nozzle, and the multi-stage folding heat storage and heat exchanger is The regenerator is installed on the gas distribution piston and is connected to the cooling structure; the gas distribution piston divides the cylinder into a cold chamber and a hot chamber, and the cold chamber is equipped with a special-shaped filling block, which fits with the shape of the cooling structure.

When a multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange regenerative structure is used, as shown in Figure 30, the heat engine provided by this application includes: hot end cylinder, special-shaped heater, multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange regenerator, cold end cylinder , the hot end cylinder and the cold end cylinder are on the same straight line. They are both insulated cylinders with an insulated piston and sealing structure. The hot end cylinder, special-shaped heater, multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange recuperator, and cold end cylinder are arranged in sequence. ; The multi-tube arrangement structure of the special-shaped heater is made of high-temperature-resistant and thermally conductive materials, and contains multiple working medium air flow pipes, with filling rods extending all over the cross-section.

When a multi-stage folding heat storage heat exchange regenerator is used, as shown in Figure 33, the heat engine provided by this application includes: hot end gas Cylinder, folding special-shaped heater 52, multi-stage folding heat storage and heat exchange regenerator, cold end cylinder, movable filling block, hot end cylinder and cold end cylinder are on the same straight line, both are insulated cylinders with thermal insulation inside. The piston and sealing structure are arranged in sequence with a hot end cylinder, a folding special-shaped heater, a multi-stage folding heat storage and heat exchange regenerator, and a cold end cylinder; in the hot end cylinder, a filler protrudes from the insulated piston, and the folding special-shaped heater The structure of the device 52 is a telescopic and foldable movable structure, which is composed of at least one heating combination piece 520, a push-pull drive structure 525, a mechanical transmission device, and a thermal conductive base. A single heating combination piece 520 contains two paired plates arranged in pairs. The sheet-shaped heat conduction sheet 521 and the heat conduction sheet 2 522 are wrapped by the heat conduction protection shell 523 and the heat conduction protection shell 2 524, and the concave and convex parts of the two are fitted in relative shapes; the heat conduction sheet and the heat conduction protection shell are made of high temperature resistant thermal conductive materials; push and pull The driving structure 525 is directly or indirectly connected to the piston power structure through a mechanical transmission device. The thermally conductive base body is directly connected to the heat source; the movable filling block is composed of one or more independent filling blocks. The movable filling block is free between the cold cavity and the hot cavity and is directly or indirectly connected to the timing mechanism.

The push-pull drive structure 525 is directly or indirectly connected to the piston power structure through a mechanical transmission device. Under the action of the push-pull drive structure 525, the heating combination pieces 520 reciprocally expand and fold with the rhythm of the piston movement. The heat-conducting substrate is directly connected to the heat source to continuously introduce heat; when the heating combination piece 520 is unfolded, holes are formed in the concave and convex parts to become working gas circulation channels, and at the same time, the heated working gas takes away the heat; when it is driven out When the layers are folded, the thermal conductive sheet 1 521 and the thermal conductive sheet 2 522 are closely connected, and the concave and convex parts are tightly connected without gaps and dead volumes. At the same time, the air flow circulation channel disappears, and at the same time, the closely connected heating combination sheet group forms a thermal bridge, which will The heat transmitted from the thermally conductive matrix is transferred layer by layer to supplement the heat taken away.

Since the length of the regenerator is almost not limited by its total weight, an extra-long regenerator can be set up to increase the heat exchange area of the regenerator. However, the movement range of the filling body is limited to the piston stroke, causing the filling body fixed on the piston to The body cannot reach beyond the piston travel distance. Therefore, a movable filling block 117 is added, which can be composed of one or more independent filling blocks, and can move freely between the cold chamber and the combustion chamber respectively. As shown in Figures 32 and 32, when the folding type heat storage and heat release are returning, When the heat exchanger is in a folded state, the moving filling block fills the space left by the folded heat storage and release regenerator in a position that the filler cannot reach. When the foldable heat storage and heat release regenerator is gradually unfolded, Each mobile filling block is retreated to the combustion chamber or during step-by-step cooling to avoid unnecessary volume increase.

In this embodiment, the cylinder wall of the insulated cylinder 54 is divided into two parts: a normal temperature section 541 and a high-temperature insulated section 542. The high-temperature insulated section 542 is made of insulating material and is lengthened to more than twice the length of the piston. The length from the front end of the piston is about Starting from a stroke length position, one or more piston body regenerator rings or annular regenerators are arranged. An annular regenerator is also provided on the cylinder wall at this section within a piston stroke length range starting from the junction of the normal temperature section 541 and the high temperature section. A special-shaped adiabatic piston is installed in the insulated cylinder. The special-shaped thermal piston is connected to the crankshaft. It consists of a normal temperature section connected by the rod and a high temperature section extending into the high temperature area. A piston ring seal is arranged on the normal temperature section.

Specifically, the special-shaped adiabatic piston 51 is slidably disposed inside the adiabatic cylinder 54, and forms a combustion chamber with the adiabatic cylinder 54. The regenerator 10, the porous regenerative burner 52, and the fuel nozzle 53 are all disposed in the combustion chamber. A plurality of filling pieces 511 are rotatably connected to one side of the special-shaped adiabatic piston 51, and the filling pieces 511 are used to be inserted into the holes of the porous heat storage burner 52 and the porous heat storage body 122 adjacent thereto.

In one embodiment, the special-shaped insulated piston 51 has a normal temperature section 512 and a high-temperature section 513 extending into the combustion chamber. Multiple filling pieces 511 are rotatably connected to the high-temperature section 513. The normal temperature section 513 is equipped with multiple heat recovery loops. 514. A plurality of cylinder wall heat recovery rings 515 with a preset length range are provided on the insulated cylinder 54 from the junction of the normal temperature section 512 and the high temperature insulated section 51. In this way, the heat of the leaked working fluid gas can be recovered.

In one embodiment, the length of the high temperature section 512 is greater than twice the stroke of the special-shaped insulated piston 51 .

In this embodiment, the preset length range is the stroke of the special-shaped adiabatic piston 51 .

In this application, the filling piece 511 starts from the connection point with the special-shaped thermal insulation piston 51 and ends when the filling piece 511 is away from the special-shaped insulation piston 51 . The cross-sectional area of one end of the piston 51 gradually decreases, and the cross-sectional area of the holes of the porous heat storage body 122 gradually decreases from one end close to the filling member 511 to the other end far away from the filling member 511, forming a tapered structure.

The exhaust stroke of the internal combustion engine is a release of pressure gas, and vortex tube refrigeration separation technology can be used. As shown in Figure 22, a vortex tube structure 84 is set at the outlet of the pressure tail gas flow to separate the air flow into cold and hot air flows; the cold air flow passes through the cold air flow duct 87 It is connected to the discharge port and discharged directly, and a hot air flow duct 85 is set to guide the hot air flow back to the corresponding regenerator 12 before re-entering the cooling process. As shown in Figure 22, the hot gas flow conduit 85 passes through the inner cylinder from the hot gas flow outlet of the vortex tube 84 to the starting end of the heat storage and heat exchange regenerator 12 on the other side. The outlet pipe 86 is located on the heat storage and heat exchange regenerator 12. On the short pipe before the one-way valve at the end of the heater, these areas are low-pressure areas at this time, avoiding the exhaust pressure in the cylinder, thereby guiding the hot air flow back to re-enter the cooling process; both the inlet and outlet pipe sections are equipped with control switch valves 88 Opens at the beginning of the exhaust stroke and closes promptly at the end of the exhaust stroke.

The internal combustion engine with a regenerator provided by this embodiment can be divided into four strokes. During the intake stroke, the intake valve opens, the piston moves downward, and cold air enters driven by the turbocharger. cylinder. The cold air is preheated step by step through the regenerators at all levels, and the piston reaches the bottom dead center. During the compression stroke, the piston moves upward, and the air is further compressed and heated; the thermal bridge disconnection structure connects the thermal bridge, and the thermally conductive fillers throughout the air chamber quickly transfer heat through the thermal conductor to the connected porous heat storage body, allowing the gas to The temperature drops rapidly, reducing the compression work; at the end of the compression stroke, the fuel nozzle opens, and the fuel quickly evaporates and heats up to form a mixture. During the power stroke, the special-shaped adiabatic piston moves downward, the mixture organizes rapid and clean combustion at high temperature and low oxygen in the porous regenerative burner and combustion chamber, and the piston drives the connecting rod and crankshaft to do work. During the exhaust stroke, the exhaust valve opens. After cooling down, the high-temperature exhaust gas first passes through the exhaust gas purifier, and then enters the regenerator at each stage to be gradually cooled to close to normal temperature. The pressure exhaust gas is first separated by the vortex tube, and the hot air flow is re-cooled. It then flows with the cold air through the turbocharger to recover the pressure energy and then discharges it.

After completing the above four strokes, the regenerator performs reversal. Specifically, after a period of time (for example, 50 seconds), the corresponding porous regenerators in the regenerator tend to be saturated in heat storage and release. At this time, the reversal occurs. When the shift mechanism operates, the regenerator rotates as a whole 180 degrees or other corresponding smaller angles to achieve reversal (or the one-way valve group on it rotates as a whole 180 degrees or other corresponding smaller angles to achieve reversal), and the air flow The path changes, corresponding to the exchange of the working state of the heat storage body (heat storage, heat release); and so on.

When folding porous regenerators are used, as shown in Figure 28, the high-temperature insulated section of the insulated cylinder (corresponding to the middle cylinder of the internal combustion engine cylinder) contains the combustion chamber. The special-shaped insulated piston is connected to the crankshaft connecting rod, and the combustion chamber is designed to be insulated. , a multi-stage folding heat storage and heat exchange recuperation structure is arranged in the combustion chamber. The intake and exhaust valve set structures on the cylinder head and other components such as the timing system, filtration system, cooling system, etc. are consistent with existing internal combustion engine technology.

The structure of the special-shaped adiabatic piston is basically the same as that of the special-shaped adiabatic piston, but there is no filling rod on the high-temperature section of the special-shaped adiabatic piston. Instead, a filling body is provided, which is combined with the limit on the top of the combined sheet group of the multi-stage folding heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structure. The shapes of the positioning structures correspond to each other; the rest of the structure and layout, such as the normal temperature section and recuperator loop, annular recuperator loop, adiabatic cylinder, etc., are the same, including the corresponding first-level regenerative regenerator setting and the cooling structure as shown in Figure 12. And the vortex tube structure as shown in Figure 21.

The special-shaped insulated piston is composed of a normal temperature section connected to the crankshaft connecting rod and a high-temperature section extending into the high-temperature area. The high-temperature section is equipped with multiple or more filling rods evenly distributed on the cross section, and is connected to the high-temperature section by a flexible connect. The end of the filling rod close to the high-temperature section of the insulated piston is the heat-conducting end of the filling rod, which is made of high-temperature-resistant heat-conducting and heat-storage materials. The end that extends into the high-temperature area is the insulating end of the filling rod, which is made of heat-insulating materials.

The special-shaped insulated piston is composed of a normal temperature section connected to the crankshaft connecting rod and a high-temperature section extending into the high-temperature area. The high-temperature section is equipped with a filling block and a multi-stage folding heat storage and heat exchange regenerator structure or a folding special-shaped heater. Limit positioning at the top of the combined piece group The structural shapes fit into each other accordingly.

The cooling structure is installed on the first-level heat storage heat exchange regenerator corresponding to the temperature. The heat storage body corresponding to the temperature level or the cold storage connected to the evaporator is equipped with a heat conductor to bypass the one-way valve and other components to form a thermal bridge, and The thermally conductive filling rods or filling plates are extended throughout the cold cavity air chamber and fit into the shape of the special-shaped cooler; a thermal bridge disconnecting structure is provided on the thermal bridge path, which is composed of a thermal bridge connecting rod that can rotate around the rotating shaft.

The vortex tube structure is arranged at the outlet of the pressure tail gas flow, the cold air flow duct is connected to the discharge port, and the hot air flow duct is connected to the front of the corresponding regenerator; the hot air flow duct passes through the inner cylinder from the hot air flow outlet of the vortex tube to connect to the other side At the beginning of the heat storage and heat exchange regenerator, the outlet pipe is located on the short pipe before the one-way valve at the end of the heat storage and heat exchange regenerator; the inlet and outlet pipe sections are equipped with control switch valves.

The working process remains basically unchanged. During the intake stroke, the intake valve opens, the special-shaped adiabatic piston moves downward, and cold air enters the cylinder driven by the turbocharger. At this time, the corresponding regenerators at all levels are in an extended state, the cold air is preheated step by step through the regenerators at all levels, and the adiabatic piston reaches the bottom dead center. During the compression stroke, the special-shaped adiabatic piston moves upward, and the filling body on it gradually folds the regenerators at all levels. The air is further compressed and heated, and is driven and compressed into the air chamber where the cooling structure is located; the thermal bridge disconnection structure connects the thermal bridge, The heat-conducting filling rods throughout the air chamber quickly transfer heat to the connected heat storage body through the heat conductor, causing the gas temperature to drop rapidly and reducing the compression work; at the end of the compression stroke, the fuel nozzle opens, and the fuel quickly evaporates and heats up to form a mixture. At this time, the gas mixture is shut down. Open the connection and the thermal bridge is interrupted. During the power stroke, the special-shaped adiabatic piston moves downward. As it moves downward, the regenerators at all levels stretch out in turn. The mixture passes through the regenerator and gradually heats up and enters the combustion chamber. After ignition, the mixture burns The tissue in the chamber burns rapidly, and the piston drives the connecting rod and crankshaft to do work. During the exhaust stroke, the exhaust valve opens, and after cooling down, the high-temperature exhaust gas first passes through the exhaust gas purifier, and then enters the regenerator at each stage and is gradually cooled to close to normal temperature. The pressure exhaust gas is first separated by the vortex tube, and the hot air flow is re-cooled. It then flows with the cold air through the turbocharger to recover the pressure energy and then discharges it.

After completing the above four strokes, the regenerator changes direction. Specifically, after a period of time (for example, 50 seconds), the heat storage and release of the corresponding heat storage bodies in the regenerator tend to be saturated. At this time, the rotating mechanism operates. The reversing valve group rotates as a whole 180 degrees or other corresponding smaller angles to achieve reversal, the air flow path changes, and the corresponding working state of the regenerator (heat storage, heat release) is interchanged; and so on.

Embodiment 1

The portable micro-engine is modified with a rhombus transmission Stirling machine, as shown in Figure 19. The original heater, regenerator, and cooler related pipes are canceled and blocked; the gas distribution piston is modified with multi-stage heat storage The heat exchange regenerator is a special-shaped heater modified at the end of the hot cavity of the cylinder, which is made of silicon carbide. The hot end of the filling rod is also made of silicon carbide to facilitate the rapid introduction of the heat from the combustion furnace into the cylinder. The other end is made of quartz material. , insert and extract back and forth into the holes of the porous regenerator of the three-stage heat storage heat exchange regenerator to reduce the useless volume. The porous regenerator adopts a large hole model to facilitate the insertion of the filling rod. The corresponding cylinder piston adopts an oversized diameter and short stroke scheme. Adaptation; a semiconductor refrigeration regenerator is arranged close to the cold end, ultra-high temperature and high-power thermoelectric power generation sheets are arranged between pairs of regenerators, and micro batteries are used to adjust the storage, and are connected to the electronic refrigeration circuit, thereby greatly reducing the temperature of the cold cavity and canceling the cooler.

Since the combustion chamber is heated by the heater and the working gas is heated to a temperature of about 600 degrees, the temperature of the working gas after work is about 500 degrees. In the cooling process, the first-stage regenerative heat exchange regenerator absorbs the heat of the working gas. The temperature drops from about 500 degrees to 350 degrees, and then the second level It is reduced to 200 degrees, and the third level is reduced to 150 degrees. Therefore, it is reduced to about 50 degrees after passing through the thermoelectric power generation piece, and then is cooled to below 10 degrees after passing through the semiconductor refrigeration piece area. During the reheating process, the working gas first absorbs the cold air of the cylinder. The external heat around the end is heated to about 20 degrees, and the temperature is returned to about 60 degrees through the cooling end of the refrigeration fin. It is returned to 120 degrees through the heat dissipation end of the thermoelectric generator, and enters the third-stage heat storage and heat exchange regenerator to return to temperature. 180 degrees, after the second stage the temperature returns to 330 degrees, enters the first stage and returns to 480 degrees, and then reheats and performs a reciprocating cycle; it can be seen that both the cooling process and the reheating process can form two temperature gradients respectively, so the cold end Instead of discharging waste heat to the outside, it absorbs surrounding heat and becomes an all-in-one refrigeration machine.

The micro-combustor uses regenerative high-temperature air combustion technology. The regenerator for tail gas heat energy recovery also uses a multi-stage regenerative heat exchanger, and is equipped with an electronic refrigeration circuit to assist in heat recovery. At the same time, the micro-combustor can discharge flue gas. Reduce the temperature to below 25 degrees to avoid thermal pollution from portable electronic devices.

This type of micro-engine has the advantages of Stirling engine such as no noise, high efficiency, and compatibility with various fuels. At the same time, it uses the piston ring sealing technology of internal combustion engines and is low-cost. The total weight of 100 watts of power is about two kilograms, which is easy to carry. When the heat pump refrigeration circuit is arranged in the gas piston, it can be directly cooled. The semiconductor temperature difference power generation sheet and refrigeration sheet are small in size and light in weight. Although the refrigeration efficiency is low, the "heating" efficiency is extremely high, which is enough to meet the requirements of portable power equipment that is light in weight, no noise, less waste heat, easy to carry, and compatible with various fuels, so that light products such as intelligent variable temperature air-conditioning clothing can be further produced.

Embodiment 2

There is no electricity in a remote area, and the heating equipment (distributed energy) in winter adopts the technology of this application. Each household's small engine of two kilowatts to several kilowatts can be used as a combined heat and power distributed energy engine (or generator) that is compatible with various fuels. ), an engine modified with a rhombus drive Stirling machine, as shown in Figure 19, the original heater, regenerator, cooler machine-related pipes are eliminated and blocked; the cylinder piston adopts an oversized diameter short-stroke scheme to facilitate assembly The gas piston is modified with a multi-stage heat storage heat exchange regenerator, and the end of the cylinder hot chamber is modified with a special-shaped heater made of silicon carbide. The hot end of the filling rod is also made of silicon carbide to facilitate the rapid introduction of the heat from the combustion furnace into the cylinder. , the other end is made of quartz material, and is inserted back and forth into the regenerator holes of the multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange regenerator to reduce the useless volume; a semiconductor refrigeration regenerator is arranged close to the cold end, between multiple pairs of regenerators Arrange high-power thermoelectric power generation chips, use micro batteries to regulate storage, and connect to the electronic refrigeration circuit to significantly reduce the temperature of the cold cavity and eliminate the cooler.

If a solar collector is added, the solar thermal power generation can share the turbine system. If it is summer or when the temperature is high, the new engine can directly drive the refrigeration compressor. A high-power compressor can also be added to the gas distribution piston to directly drive the cold end. The cylinder becomes a refrigeration air conditioner, co-generating heat, electricity and cooling. The refrigeration reduces the air supply temperature and has the function of an air conditioner. At the same time, combined with the clean gas generating device disclosed in Chinese patent 201810117007X and international application PCT/CN2018/106670, it includes domestic waste and meal leftovers. Waste and other waste materials with high moisture content that are difficult to process can be mixed with dry fuel and disappear as high-temperature steam gasification raw materials. Biomass charcoal formed by high-temperature gasification can also be used as an air filter; and one piece of equipment can double as an engine (power generation). machine), disinfection machine, heater, and air conditioner, one device can realize combined heating, electricity and cooling, with a simple structure and affordable price.

Implementation mode three

A large waste heat generator set in a steel plant uses a new engine of an improved Stirling machine as shown in Figure 30 to drive the generator set to generate electricity. It is filled with 1MPa pressure air as the working gas, and a one-way air inlet valve or air inlet is installed on the cold chamber. The door is connected to the air compressor to stabilize the pressure in the cylinder, thereby using a piston ring seal similar to that of an internal combustion engine. The power is about 100 kilowatts and uses foldable heat storage. The heat exchange recuperation structure consists of a foldable regenerator made of three-stage plate-like ceramic honeycomb regenerators and a foldable regenerator made of three-stage plate-like metal regenerators; the cross section is shown in Figure 31 It shows that the four tapered-shaped filling bodies protruding from the special-shaped piston adapt to the corresponding shape of the folding regenerator limit positioning structure. The combination piece group is four groups, and the opening and folding movement direction of the combination piece is perpendicular to the center line; The inner cylinder is equipped with a mechanical transmission device, which is connected with the push-pull driving structure of the foldable heat storage and heat exchange regenerator at each level and layer, and drives the expansion and folding of the regenerators at all levels with the rhythm of the piston movement.

Two heat pump refrigeration circuits are added to the inner cylinder. One is a metal hydride heat pump with the working fluid pair of hydrogen and matching materials La-Ni-Cu-Zr and Mm-Ml-Ni-Fe; the other is an absorption heat pump refrigeration circuit. , the working fluid pair is water and lithium bromide. For use in tropical or high-temperature areas, a semiconductor electronic refrigeration circuit can also be added.

The molten steel ladle and steel block that need to be cooled are connected to the thermal conductive base of the foldable heater through a high-temperature heat conduction device made of silicon carbide. High-temperature heat is continuously introduced into the cylinder hot chamber; the working gas (pressure air) in the cylinder is heated by the foldable heater. After the heat exchanger is heated up, it is heated to a temperature of about 1300 degrees. After the work is done, the temperature of the working gas is about 1000 degrees. In the cooling process, the temperature of the working gas is reduced from about 1000 degrees to 500 degrees after the first-stage heat storage heat exchange regenerator absorbs heat. , the second stage is reduced to 300 degrees, the third stage is reduced to 200 degrees, after passing through the refrigeration end of the metal hydride heat pump, it is reduced to about 80 degrees, and after passing through the absorption heat pump refrigeration end, it is reduced to about 10 degrees; during the heat recovery process, The working gas passes through the heat dissipation end of the double-effect lithium bromide unit and returns to temperature to 110 degrees, then through the heat dissipation end of the metal hydride heat pump to return to 180 degrees, enters the third-stage heat storage heat exchange regenerator, and returns to 280 degrees. The temperature is restored to 480 degrees in the first stage, and then returned to 950 degrees through the first stage regenerator, and then reheated to perform work in a reciprocating cycle.

It can be seen that both the cooling process and the heat recovery process can form two temperature gradients respectively, and the cold end no longer needs to discharge waste heat to the outside. As a result, the temperature of the cold-end cylinder is controlled at normal temperature and is equal to the surrounding ambient temperature, and even absorbs heat from the cylinder periphery to cool down; eliminating the outflow of cold-end heat not only improves efficiency, but also eliminates or alleviates the high-temperature working conditions in the steelmaking and rolling workshops; this type of engine adopts Folding special-shaped heaters, regenerators, etc. eliminate useless volume and can use large-size heaters and regenerators, which overcome the shortcomings of Stirling machines such as low power and slow start, while retaining the quietness and quietness of Stirling machines. High efficiency, compatible with various fuels and heat, etc.

Embodiment 4

A heavy-duty truck engine is modified with a low-speed diesel engine. A new internal combustion engine modification plan is adopted as shown in Figure 8. The middle cylinder is eliminated and an adiabatic cylinder, a special-shaped adiabatic piston head, and a multi-stage heat storage recuperator (rotary) are added. , porous regenerative burner, cold end cooling structure, vortex tube structure, etc., retaining the turbocharging equipment; in the intake stage, the compressed air of the turbocharger and the regenerators at all levels gradually exchange heat and heat up, and then enter the compression stroke , the piston moves upward, and the air is further compressed and heated; the thermal bridge disconnection structure is connected to the thermal bridge, and the thermally conductive filling rods throughout the air chamber quickly transfer heat to the connected heat storage body through the thermal conductor, causing the gas temperature to drop rapidly, reducing Compression work; the fuel nozzle opens at the end of the compression stroke, and the fuel quickly evaporates and heats up to form a mixture and ignites to do work; the diesel quickly evaporates and mixes with air within 30 milliseconds, and the mixture is in the porous regenerative burner and on the filling rod in the combustion chamber In a spatial structure similar to a porous regenerative burner formed by regenerative materials, high-temperature and low-oxygen combustion are organized respectively, generating huge pressure while pushing the piston to perform work until the bottom dead center; after entering the exhaust stroke, the exhaust gas passes upward through the porous regenerative burner and the first-stage regenerator. At this time, the temperature drops to about 700 degrees, and then enters the exhaust gas purification device. The flue gas is purified in the three-way catalytic converter, and then enters the remaining regenerators. The temperature drops below 100 degrees. When the exhaust valve opens, the low-temperature and high-pressure exhaust gas is diverted through the vortex tube and divided into hot air flow and cold air flow. The hot air flow is connected through the duct to the short pipe before the regenerator on the other side and re-enters the cooling process, and then passes through the turbine together with the cold air flow. The pressure energy recovered by the supercharger is discharged into the atmosphere. Since combustion occurs in an adiabatic cylinder, the heat energy and pressure of the exhaust gas are recovered can, thus reducing fuel consumption by half.

Implementation mode five

A nuclear-powered submarine engine uses a new type of engine similar to a Stirling machine as shown in Figure 27. It adopts a large diameter and long stroke design. It is filled with 30MPa pressure helium as the working gas. The power piston seal adopts the existing Stirling machine sealing technology. , with a power of about 300 kilowatts. The shipboard nuclear power plant, including the 1st loop and the 2nd loop (conventional loop), uses multiple such engines in parallel to drive the generator or directly provide power. The regenerator on the gas distribution piston adopts a folding heat storage exchanger. The thermal recuperation structure consists of a folding regenerator made of three-stage plate-like ceramic honeycomb regenerators and a folding regenerator made of three-stage plate-like metal regenerators. The shape of the special-shaped piston becomes As shown in Figure 24, the filling body protruding from the special-shaped piston adapts to the corresponding shape of the limit positioning structure of the foldable regenerator; a mechanical transmission device is arranged in the inner cylinder to interact with the push and pull of the foldable heat storage and heat exchange regenerators at all levels. The driving structure is connected to drive the expansion and folding of the regenerators at all levels with the rhythm of the piston movement.

Two heat pump refrigeration circuits are added to the inner cylinder. One is a metal hydride heat pump with the working fluid pair of hydrogen and matching materials La-Ni-Cu-Zr and Mm-Ml-Ni-Fe; the other is an absorption heat pump refrigeration circuit. , the working fluid pair is water and lithium bromide. A separate semiconductor electronic refrigeration circuit is added, and a DC power supply electronic refrigeration chip energy is introduced.

Since the temperature of the high-pressure helium gas is 800 degrees, the working gas in the cylinder is heated to a temperature of about 750 degrees after the heater is heated. The temperature of the working gas after work is about 650 degrees. The first-stage heat storage and heat exchange regenerator in the cooling process After absorbing heat, the working gas temperature drops from about 650 degrees to 400 degrees, then to 300 degrees in the second stage, to 200 degrees in the third stage, and then to about 80 degrees after passing through the cooling end of the metal hydride heat pump. After the cooling end of the heat pump, the temperature drops to about 10 degrees. In winter, it can be cooled to about 0 degrees after passing through the semiconductor refrigeration area. There is no temperature difference power generation circuit. The electronic refrigeration circuit uses direct current to be introduced from the outside; during the heat recovery process, the working gas passes through it first. The heat dissipation end of the refrigeration plate returns to about 50 degrees, then returns to 120 degrees through the heat dissipation end of the double-effect lithium bromide unit, returns to 180 degrees through the heat dissipation end of the metal hydride heat pump, and enters the third-stage heat storage heat exchanger regenerator. The temperature reaches 280 degrees, then the temperature returns to 380 degrees through the second stage, and the temperature returns to 620 degrees through the first stage regenerator, and then reheats and performs work in a reciprocating cycle.

Both the cooling process and the heat recovery process can form two temperature gradients respectively, and the cold end no longer needs to discharge waste heat to the outside or the heat dissipation is very small. As a result, the temperature of the cold end cylinder is controlled at about 4 degrees, which is the same as that of deep sea water. Eliminating the outflow of cold end heat not only improves efficiency, but also eliminates thermal wakes and facilitates stealth. This type of engine uses special-shaped heaters to overcome the low power of Stirling engines. , slow start and other defects, while retaining the advantages of Stirling machine such as silent, efficient, compatible with various fuels and heat.

Embodiment 6

A light tank engine adopts a new type of improved Stirling machine as shown in Figure 30, which is filled with 30MPa pressure air as working gas. The power piston seal adopts the existing Stirling machine sealing technology, with a power of about 500 kilowatts and a folding A type of heat storage and heat exchange recuperation structure, a folding regenerator made of three-stage plate-like ceramic honeycomb regenerators, a folding regenerator made of three-stage plate-like metal regenerators, and a special-shaped piston are arranged. The shape changes to that shown in Figure 24. The filling body protruding from the special-shaped piston adapts to the corresponding shape of the limit positioning structure of the foldable regenerator; a mechanical transmission device is arranged in the inner cylinder to communicate with the foldable heat storage and heat exchange regenerators at all levels. The push-pull drive structure of the heater is connected to drive the expansion and folding of the regenerators at all levels with the rhythm of the piston movement.

Two heat pump refrigeration circuits are added to the inner cylinder. One is a metal hydride heat pump with hydrogen and matching materials La-Ni-Cu-Zr and Mm-Ml-Ni-Fe as the working fluid; the other is an absorption heat pump refrigeration circuit. , the working fluid pair is water and lithium bromide. For use in tropical or high-temperature areas, a semiconductor electronic refrigeration circuit can be added.

The fuel can be existing tank oil, vegetable oil, palm oil, etc., and combined with a clean gas generating device, it can even be compatible with wood-based biomass fuel commonly used in jungle operations. Fuel can be obtained from local materials and anywhere, saving the trouble of logistics and transportation; because The combustion temperature of the combustion chamber is high. After the heater is heated up in the cylinder, the working gas is heated to a temperature of about 1500 degrees. After work is performed, the temperature of the working gas is about 1000 degrees. In the cooling process, the first-stage heat storage and heat exchange regenerator absorbs heat. The temperature of the working gas is reduced from about 1000 degrees to 500 degrees, then to 300 degrees in the second stage, to 200 degrees in the third stage, and then to about 80 degrees after passing through the refrigeration end of the metal hydride heat pump, and then to about 80 degrees through the refrigeration end of the absorption heat pump. Then it drops to about 10 degrees. In summer and when the outside temperature is high, it can be cooled to about 0 degrees through the semiconductor refrigeration area. There is no temperature difference power generation circuit. The electronic refrigeration circuit uses direct current to be introduced from the outside; during the heat recovery process, the working fluid The gas first passes through the cooling end of the refrigeration fin to return to about 30 degrees, then passes through the heat dissipation end of the lithium bromide unit to return to 110 degrees, and passes through the metal hydride heat pump's heat dissipation end to return to 290 degrees before entering the third-stage heat storage heat exchange recuperator. The temperature is restored to 280 degrees, then the temperature is restored to 480 degrees through the second stage, and the temperature is returned to 950 degrees through the first stage regenerator, and then the heating cycle is repeated.

It can be seen that both the cooling process and the heat recovery process can form two temperature gradients respectively, and the cold end no longer needs to discharge waste heat to the outside. As a result, the temperature of the cold end cylinder is controlled at normal temperature and is equal to the surrounding ambient temperature, and even absorbs heat from the periphery of the cylinder to cool down. Eliminating the heat outflow from the cold end not only improves efficiency, but also eliminates high-temperature infrared radiation characteristics, thus eliminating thermal wakes and helping to avoid infrared heat-seeking missiles. Attack; This type of engine uses special-shaped heaters to eliminate useless volume and can use large-size heaters and regenerators, which overcomes the shortcomings of the Stirling machine such as low power and slow start, while retaining the quietness and quietness of the Stirling machine. It has the advantages of high efficiency, compatibility with various fuels and heat, and can also covertly and silently engage the enemy.

Embodiment 7

An extended-range generator for an electric vehicle uses a new engine of an improved Stirling machine as shown in Figure 26, which drives the generator to generate electricity and store it in the storage battery. This greatly reduces the capacity and weight of the power battery, eliminating the common problems encountered in electric vehicles. Mileage anxiety; the engine is filled with ordinary air as working gas, and a one-way intake valve or intake valve 45 is provided on the cold cavity, so that the power piston of this type of engine can use a piston ring seal similar to that of an internal combustion engine, and the air intake Structures such as doors are connected to the one-way intake valve 45 to exchange gas with the surrounding environment to supplement the pressure drop caused by leakage, thereby becoming a cheap engine that has the advantages of a Stirling engine and is similar in cost to an ordinary internal combustion engine. The power is about 20 kilowatts. It adopts a foldable heat storage and heat exchange regenerative structure. It is equipped with a foldable regenerator made of three-stage plate-like ceramic honeycomb regenerators and a foldable regenerator made of three-stage plate-like metal regenerators. regenerator, the shape of the special-shaped piston becomes as shown in Figure 24. The filling body protruding from the special-shaped piston adapts to the corresponding shape of the limit positioning structure of the foldable regenerator; a mechanical transmission device is arranged in the inner cylinder to cooperate with all levels of folding The push-pull drive structure of the heat storage and heat exchange regenerator is connected to drive the expansion and folding of the regenerators at all levels with the rhythm of the piston movement.

Two heat pump refrigeration circuits are added to the inner cylinder. One is a metal hydride heat pump with the working fluid pair of hydrogen and matching materials La-Ni-Cu-Zr and Mm-Ml-Ni-Fe; the other is an absorption heat pump refrigeration circuit. , the working fluid pair is water and lithium bromide.

The fuel can be vegetable oil, palm oil, etc., and combined with a clean gas generating device, it can even be compatible with common fuels such as wood and coal; because the combustion chamber adopts high-temperature and low-oxygen combustion technology, the combustion temperature is high, and the working gas in the cylinder is heated to The temperature is about 1500 degrees, and the temperature of the working gas after work is about 1000 degrees. In the cooling process, the temperature of the working gas drops from about 1000 degrees to 500 degrees after the first-stage heat storage and heat exchange regenerator absorbs heat, and then decreases again in the second stage. to 300 degrees, the third stage is reduced to 200 degrees, after passing through the refrigeration end of the metal hydride heat pump, it is reduced to about 80 degrees, and after passing through the refrigeration end of the absorption heat pump, it is reduced to about 10 degrees; in the heat recovery process, the working gas is first cooled The area of the reactor absorbs heat and returns to about 30 degrees, and then returns to 110 degrees through the heat dissipation end of the lithium bromide unit. After metal hydrogenation The heat dissipation end of the physical heat pump returns to 200 degrees, enters the third-stage heat storage heat exchange regenerator and returns to 280 degrees, passes through the second stage to return to 480 degrees, and passes through the first stage regenerator to return to 950 degrees. , reheating and doing work in a reciprocating cycle.

It can be seen that both the cooling process and the recuperation process can form two temperature gradients respectively, and the cold end no longer needs to discharge waste heat to the outside, and even absorbs heat from the periphery of the cylinder to cool down, replacing the vehicle air conditioner; this type of engine uses a foldable regenerator By eliminating the useless volume, large-sized cylinders, pistons, regenerators and other components can be used, which overcomes the shortcomings of the Stirling machine such as low power and slow start, while retaining the Stirling machine's quietness, efficiency, compatibility with various fuels and Heat and other advantages. The engine drives the generator to generate electricity, which generates about 20 kilowatt hours per hour, which is enough to meet the power requirements of large cars or small trucks. It reduces the capacity of the on-board power battery to only a few kilowatt hours for storage, and reduces the weight from 600 kilograms to 50 kilograms. Within kilograms, and the total weight of this generator set is only about 400 kilograms.

Embodiment 8.

A large waste heat generator set in a steel plant uses a new engine of an improved Stirling machine as shown in Figure 29 to drive the generator set to generate electricity. It is filled with 1MPa pressure air as the working gas, and a one-way air inlet valve or intake valve is installed on the cold chamber. 45. It is connected to the air compressor to stabilize the pressure in the cylinder, thereby using a piston ring seal similar to that of an internal combustion engine. The power is about 100 kilowatts, using a folding heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structure, and a total of three-stage plate-shaped ceramic honeycombs. Foldable regenerator made of regenerator, foldable regenerator made of three-stage plate metal regenerator; the cross section is shown in Figure 31, and the four tapered body-shaped fillings protruding from the special-shaped piston The body adapts to the corresponding shape of the limit positioning structure of the foldable regenerator. The combination piece group is divided into four groups. The opening and folding movement direction of the combination piece is perpendicular to the center line; a mechanical transmission device is arranged in the inner cylinder, which is connected with the folding storage units at all levels and layers. The push-pull drive structure of the heat exchange regenerator is connected to drive the expansion and folding of the regenerators at all levels with the rhythm of the piston movement.

Two heat pump refrigeration circuits are added to the inner cylinder. One is a metal hydride heat pump with hydrogen and matching materials La-Ni-Cu-Zr and Mm-Ml-Ni-Fe as the working fluid; the other is an absorption heat pump refrigeration circuit. , the working fluid pair is water and lithium bromide. For use in tropical or high-temperature areas, a semiconductor electronic refrigeration circuit can be added.

The molten steel ladle and steel block that need to be cooled are connected to the thermal conductive base of the foldable heater through a high-temperature heat conduction device made of silicon carbide. High-temperature heat is continuously introduced into the cylinder hot chamber; the working gas (pressure air) in the cylinder is heated by the foldable heater. After the heat exchanger is heated up, it is heated to a temperature of about 1300 degrees. After the work is done, the temperature of the working gas is about 1000 degrees. In the cooling process, the temperature of the working gas is reduced from about 1000 degrees to 500 degrees after the first-stage heat storage heat exchange regenerator absorbs heat. , the second stage is reduced to 300 degrees, the third stage is reduced to 200 degrees, after passing through the refrigeration end of the metal hydride heat pump, it is reduced to about 80 degrees, and after passing through the absorption heat pump refrigeration end, it is reduced to about 10 degrees; during the heat recovery process, The working gas passes through the heat dissipation end of the double-effect lithium bromide unit and returns to temperature to 110 degrees, then through the heat dissipation end of the metal hydride heat pump to return to 180 degrees, enters the third-stage heat storage heat exchange regenerator, and returns to 280 degrees. The temperature is restored to 480 degrees in the first stage, and then returned to 950 degrees through the first stage regenerator, and then reheated to perform work in a reciprocating cycle.

It can be seen that both the cooling process and the heat recovery process can form two temperature gradients respectively, and the cold end no longer needs to discharge waste heat to the outside. As a result, the temperature of the cold-end cylinder is controlled at normal temperature and is equal to the surrounding ambient temperature, and even absorbs heat from the cylinder periphery to cool down; eliminating the outflow of cold-end heat not only improves efficiency, but also eliminates or alleviates the high-temperature working conditions in the steelmaking and rolling workshops; this type of engine adopts Folding special-shaped heaters, regenerators, etc. eliminate useless volume and can use large-size heaters and regenerators, which overcome the shortcomings of Stirling machines such as low power and slow start, while retaining the quietness and quietness of Stirling machines. High efficiency, compatible with various fuels and heat, etc.

This document is described with reference to various exemplary embodiments. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that changes and modifications can be made to the exemplary embodiments without departing from the scope herein. For example, various operating steps and the methods used to perform the operating steps The components may be implemented in different ways (e.g. one or more steps may be deleted, modified or combined into other steps) depending on the particular application or consideration of any number of cost functions associated with the operation of the system.

Although the principles of this invention have been shown in various embodiments, many modifications of structures, arrangements, proportions, elements, materials and components particularly suitable for specific environments and operational requirements can be used without departing from the principles and scope of this disclosure. The above modifications and other changes or amendments will be included in the scope of this invention.

The foregoing detailed description has been described with reference to various embodiments. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Accordingly, this disclosure is to be considered in an illustrative and not a restrictive sense, and all such modifications are to be included within its scope. Likewise, advantages, other advantages, and solutions to problems with respect to various embodiments have been described above. However, benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any elements that produce these, or make the solution more explicit, are not to be construed as critical, required, or necessary. As used herein, the term "comprises" and any other variations thereof are intended to be non-exclusively inclusive such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements but also those not expressly listed or otherwise not part of the process , methods, systems, articles or other elements of equipment. Furthermore, the term "coupled" and any other variations thereof as used herein refers to physical connection, electrical connection, magnetic connection, optical connection, communication connection, functional connection and/or any other connection.

Those skilled in the art will recognize that many changes may be made in the details of the embodiments described above without departing from the basic principles of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be determined from the following claims.

Claims (21)

A regenerator, characterized in that it includes: a multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange regenerator, a working fluid gas direction control mechanism, an inner cylinder and a heat pump circuit. The multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange type regenerator includes at least A pair of independent multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structures. The multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structure contains a heat storage body. The heat storage body is preferably a honeycomb ceramic heat storage or a plate-shaped honeycomb ceramic heat storage. body, the multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structure is used to heat or cool the working fluid gas flowing in one direction step by step; the working fluid gas direction control mechanism consists of a reversing valve, a one-way valve group, It is composed of a high-speed electromagnetic switch valve and a rotating machine or a shifting machine. The working medium gas direction control mechanism is used to control the one-way circulating flow of the working medium gas, and completes the working medium gas in the multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structure. The flow direction of the working fluid gas is changed after step-by-step heating or step-by-step cooling; the inner cylinder is located between at least a pair of the multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structures, and the heat pump circuit is provided in the inner cylinder internal. A regenerator, characterized in that it includes: a multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange regenerator, a working fluid gas direction control mechanism, an inner cylinder and a heat pump circuit. The multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange type regenerator includes at least A pair of multi-stage folding heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structures. Each stage of the multi-stage folding heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structure includes a push-pull driving mechanism, at least one combination piece, a limiting positioning structure and a mechanical transmission device. The push-pull driving structure is equipped with a reset mechanism, a limit positioning structure and a mechanical transmission device. The limit positioning structure is arranged on the outside of the combination piece. The mechanical transmission device also has a power source and a pushing piece. The limit positioning structure is also provided with a The roller and the limit positioning structure are provided with one side of the roller and the push piece using a guide slope. The power source is directly or indirectly connected with the power piston to output power and the push piece fits the movement of the roller, which can push the limit position structure to move. Indirectly drives the combined piece to move back and forth between the closed position and the open position. The combined piece is composed of a multi-layer plate-like heat storage body that is attached to the supporting frame and moves. The plate-like heat storage body is preferably a plate-like honeycomb ceramic. Heat storage body; a foldable connecting rod structure is provided between the plate-like heat storage bodies of the combination piece, the plate-like heat storage body of the combination piece is integrated with the push-pull driving mechanism, the driving rod is connected to the combination piece, and the driver The folding and unfolding reciprocating cycle drives each combination piece step by step through the connecting rod structure. The driving rod is connected to the crank link mechanism, and the crank link mechanism is connected to the driving structure and connected to the flywheel structure; the plate-shaped heat storage body is connected along the A plurality of grooves and protrusions are arranged at intervals along the length direction, and the grooves and protrusions of adjacent plate-shaped heat storage bodies fit into each other in one-to-one correspondence; when adjacent plate-shaped heat storage bodies When the body is unfolded, the grooves and the protrusions of the adjacent plate-like heat storage bodies form working fluid gas channels. When the adjacent plate-like heat storage bodies are attached, all the adjacent plate-like heat storage bodies are The groove and the protrusion fit into each other to close the working fluid gas channel; the multi-stage folding heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structure is used to heat or cool the working fluid gas flowing in one direction step by step; The working gas direction control mechanism is composed of a reversing valve, a one-way valve group, a high-speed electromagnetic switch valve and a rotating machine or a shifting machine. The working gas direction control mechanism is used to control the one-way circulating flow of the working gas. And after the multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange type heat recovery structure completes the step-by-step heating or step-by-step cooling of the working fluid gas, the flow direction of the working fluid gas is changed; the inner cylinder is located in at least one pair of the multi-stage foldable storage tanks. Between the heat exchange heat recovery structures, the heat pump circuit is arranged inside the inner cylinder; the inner cylinder is a pressure-resistant sealing structure and is located at least one pair of the multi-stage folding multi-stage heat storage heat exchange type Between the heat recovery structures, the main components of the heat pump circuit are arranged inside the inner cylinder. The regenerator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the heat pump circuit is connected to at least a pair of the multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange type heat recovery structures or at least a pair of the multi-stage folding type heat storage type. Between the heat exchange heat recovery structures, the heat pump circuit is an electronic refrigeration and heating circuit. The electronic refrigeration and heating circuit includes: a temperature difference power generation circuit, a plurality of first temperature difference power generation pieces, a plurality of second temperature difference power generation pieces, a storage battery and electronics. Refrigeration circuit, the first thermoelectric power generation piece is arranged on the multi-stage heat storage exchanger for heating Thermal heat recovery structure or the multi-stage folding heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structure, the second thermoelectric power generating sheet is arranged in the multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structure or the multi-stage heat recovery type for cooling Foldable heat storage and heat exchange type heat recovery structure, and the first thermoelectric power generation piece and the second thermoelectric power generation piece are both connected to the temperature difference power generation circuit, and the output end of the temperature difference power generation circuit is connected to the input of the battery end connection, the output end of the battery is connected to the input end of the electronic refrigeration circuit, the electronic refrigeration circuit has a cooling end and a heat dissipation end, and the cooling end is connected to the multi-stage heat storage heat exchanger for heating. The thermal structure or the multi-stage foldable heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structure is thermally connected, and the heat dissipation end is connected to the multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange type heat recovery structure or the multi-stage foldable heat storage type for cooling. The heat exchange type heat recovery structure performs thermal connection. The regenerator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the heat pump circuit is a heat pump refrigeration heat recovery circuit, and the heat pump refrigeration heat recovery circuit includes: a power air pump structure, a heat release structure, a heat absorption structure and a section. flow structure, the heat release structure is arranged in the multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structure or the folding heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structure and is thermally conductively connected, and the heat absorption structure is arranged in The multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange type heat recovery structure or the folding type heat storage and heat exchange type heat recovery structure for refrigeration is thermally connected, and the throttling structure is connected to the output end of the heat release structure and the Between the input end of the heat-absorbing structure, the power air pump structure can also be directly or indirectly connected with the piston connecting rod to provide driving force. The regenerator according to claim 4, characterized in that the power air pump structure includes: an air pump cylinder, an air pump piston, an air pump piston rod, a conduit, a partition, a reset elastic member and a bottom plate, and the bottom plate is installed on the The bottom of the air pump cylinder, the partition plate is fixedly installed inside the air pump cylinder to separate the inside of the air pump cylinder into an air intake chamber and a compression chamber, and the conduit is installed on the partition plate, And the length direction of the conduit is parallel to the length direction of the air pump cylinder, the air pump piston rod is movably installed in the conduit, and one end of the air pump piston rod is against the bottom plate, and the air pump The piston is connected to the other end of the air pump piston rod, and the reset elastic member is provided between the air pump piston rod and the bottom plate; the compression chamber of the air pump cylinder is connected to the input end of the heat release structure, The air inlet chamber of the air pump cylinder is connected to the output end of the heat-absorbing structure; the air pump piston can work according to changes in air pressure inside the cylinder to convert pressure energy into power, and is provided with a pressure amplification mechanism . The regenerator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the high-speed electromagnetic switching valve is composed of two basically identical valve cores, each valve core consists of at least two air flow channels, solid sections, and sealing plates. The composition, the spatial position relationship is that when one of the valve cores moves in a specific direction, each sealing plate is closed; when it moves in the other direction, each sealing plate comes out of contact, and the airflow channels of the upper and lower valve cores are aligned with each other, allowing the airflow to pass through . The regenerator according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange type regenerative structure, the working gas direction control mechanism or the reversing valve, the one-way valve group, High-speed electromagnetic switching valves, rotating machinery or shifting machinery, heat pump circuits and other components can be arranged and combined in many different ways. The overall arrangement and combination sequence is based on the heat storage and heat exchange return at all levels after the heat absorption or heat release is completed. The temperature composition of the working gas flowing out of the heater is arranged in a temperature gradient from high to low or from low to high. A heat engine using the regenerator of claim 1, characterized in that it includes: a special-shaped heater, a gas distribution piston, a special-shaped cooler, a power piston, a gas distribution piston pull rod, a crankshaft connecting rod and a flywheel, and the multi-stage The heat storage and heat exchange type heat recovery structure is arranged inside the valve piston, the special-shaped heater is arranged in the hot cavity of the cylinder, the special-shaped cooler is arranged in the cold cavity of the cylinder, and the The special-shaped heater is composed of a heater thermal conductor and a filling rod. The heater thermal conductor is equipped with a heater filling rod that matches the shape of the corresponding regenerator hole. The heater filling rod and the heater thermal conductor are flexibly connected. The heater filling rod close One end of the heater's thermal conductor is the thermal conductive end of the heater filling rod, and the end of the heater filling rod that extends into the hole is the heater filling rod's insulating end; the special-shaped cooler is composed of a cooler thermal conductor and a cooler filling rod. The cooler thermal conductor is designed There is a cooler filling rod that matches the shape of the corresponding hole. The cooler filling rod is flexibly connected to the cooler thermal conductor. The end of the cooler filling rod close to the cooler thermal conductor is the heat conductive end of the cooler filling rod. The cooler filling rod extends into One end of the hole is the insulated end of the cooler filling rod. A heat engine using the regenerator of claim 2, characterized in that it includes: a special-shaped heater, a gas distribution piston, a special-shaped cooler, a power piston, a gas distribution piston pull rod, a crankshaft connecting rod and a flywheel, and the multi-stage The foldable heat storage and heat exchange heat recovery structure is arranged inside the valve piston, the special-shaped heater is arranged in the hot cavity of the cylinder, and the special-shaped cooler is arranged in the cold cavity of the cylinder, A one-way air inlet valve or air inlet door is provided on the cold cavity; the special-shaped heater is composed of a special-shaped heat conductor and a filling body, and is also provided with a filling body that matches the shape of the corresponding regenerator positioning and limiting structure; the special-shaped heat conductor The shapes of the filling blocks in the corresponding areas of the inner cylinder correspond to each other; the special-shaped cooler is composed of a thermal conductor and a filling body, and is also provided with a filling body that matches the shape of the corresponding positioning and limiting structure of the regenerator; the special-shaped thermal conductor and The shapes of the filling blocks on the corresponding areas of the inner cylinder fit into each other accordingly. A heat engine using the regenerator of claim 1, characterized in that it includes: an adiabatic cylinder, a combustion chamber, a porous regenerative burner and a fuel nozzle, a multi-stage regenerative heat exchange regenerative structure, a cooling structure, and a vortex The pipe separation structure, the movable filling block and the intake and exhaust valve group structure and timing system, air filter system, cooling system and turbocharging system on the cylinder head, the insulated cylinder is equipped with a special-shaped insulated piston and a sealing structure, the special-shaped insulated piston Connected to the crankshaft connecting rod, a multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange regenerative structure is arranged in the combustion chamber; a porous regenerative burner, a fuel nozzle, and a multi-stage regenerative regenerator with fixed spatial positions are arranged in the combustion chamber; the mobile filling The block is composed of one or more independent filling blocks. Each of the movable filling blocks is respectively free between the cold cavity and the combustion chamber, and is directly or indirectly connected with the timing system. A heat engine using the regenerator according to claim 2, characterized by comprising: an adiabatic cylinder, a combustion chamber, a porous regenerative burner and a fuel nozzle, a multi-stage folding regenerative regenerator structure, a cooling structure, vortex tube separation structure, movable filling block and the intake and exhaust valve group structure and timing system on the cylinder head, air filtration system, cooling system and turbocharging system, the insulated cylinder is equipped with a special-shaped insulated piston and a sealing structure, The special-shaped adiabatic piston is connected to the crankshaft connecting rod. A porous regenerative burner, a fuel nozzle and a multi-stage folding heat storage and heat exchange regenerator structure with fixed spatial positions are arranged in the combustion chamber. A filler is arranged on the high-temperature section of the special-shaped adiabatic piston. The shape of the limiting positioning structure at the top of the combined sheet group of the multi-stage folding heat storage heat exchange regenerator structure fits into each other correspondingly; the mobile filling block is composed of one or more independent filling blocks. The filling block moves freely between the cold cavity and the combustion chamber, and is directly or indirectly connected to the timing system. A heat engine using the regenerator of claim 1, characterized in that it includes: an insulated cylinder, a combustion chamber, a valve piston, a multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange recuperation structure, a fuel nozzle, a cooling structure, and a special-shaped cooler , intake and exhaust valve set structure and timing system, air filtration system, cooling system, turbocharging system, special-shaped insulated piston and sealing structure in the insulated cylinder, fuel nozzle arranged in the combustion chamber, multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange type heat recovery The device is installed on the gas distribution piston and is connected with the cooling structure; the gas distribution piston divides the cylinder into a cold chamber and a hot chamber, and the cold chamber is connected to a special-shaped cooler. A heat engine using the regenerator of claim 2, characterized in that it includes: an insulated cylinder, a combustion chamber, a gas distribution piston, a multi-stage folding heat storage and heat exchange recuperation structure, a fuel nozzle, a cooling structure, a special-shaped Cooler, intake and exhaust valve set structure and timing system, air filtration system, cooling system, turbocharging system. The insulated cylinder is equipped with a special-shaped insulated piston and sealing structure. The special-shaped insulated piston is equipped with a filling block and a multi-stage folding type The top of the combined plate group of the heat storage and heat exchange regenerator structure The shapes of the limit positioning structures fit into each other correspondingly; the fuel nozzles are arranged in the combustion chamber, and the multi-stage folding heat storage and heat exchange regenerator is set on the valve piston and connected with the cooling structure; the valve piston divides the cylinder into Between the cold cavity and the hot cavity, the cold cavity is equipped with special-shaped filling blocks, which fit into each other corresponding to the shape of the cooling structure. A heat engine using the regenerator of claim 1, characterized in that it includes: a hot end cylinder, a special-shaped heater, a multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange regenerator, a cold end cylinder, a hot end cylinder and a cold end cylinder. On the same straight line, they are all insulated cylinders with an insulated piston and sealing structure inside. The hot end cylinder, special-shaped heater, multi-stage heat storage and heat exchange regenerator, and cold end cylinder are arranged in sequence; the special-shaped heater has a multi-tube arrangement structure It is made of high-temperature-resistant and thermally conductive materials and contains multiple working fluid air flow pipes, with filling rods extending all over the cross-section. A heat engine using the regenerator according to claim 2, characterized in that it includes: a hot end cylinder, a foldable special-shaped heater, a multi-stage foldable heat storage and heat exchange regenerator, a cold end cylinder, and a movable filling block , the hot end cylinder and the cold end cylinder are on the same straight line. They are both insulated cylinders with an insulated piston and sealing structure. The hot end cylinder, folding special-shaped heater, and multi-stage folding heat storage and heat exchange regenerator are arranged in sequence. , cold end cylinder; the filling body protrudes from the insulated piston in the hot end cylinder. The foldable special-shaped heater structure is a telescopic and foldable movable structure, which consists of at least one heating combination piece, a push-pull drive structure and a mechanical transmission device, a thermal conductive matrix, etc. It consists of a single heating combination piece containing two paired thermal conductive sheets one and two, which are wrapped by a thermally conductive protective shell one and a thermally conductive protective shell two, and the concave and convex parts of the two are fitted in relative shapes. The thermally conductive sheets and thermally conductive protective shells are made of high-temperature resistant thermally conductive materials; the push-pull drive structure is directly or indirectly connected to the piston power structure through a mechanical transmission device, and the thermally conductive matrix is directly connected to the heat source; the mobile filling block is filled with one or more independent blocks The moving filling block is free between the cold cavity and the hot cavity, and is directly or indirectly connected with the timing mechanism. The heat engine according to any one of claims 10 to 15, characterized in that the cylinder wall of the insulated cylinder is divided into two parts: a normal temperature section and a high-temperature insulated section. The high-temperature insulated section is made of insulating material and is lengthened to more than twice the piston stroke. , starting from a position about one stroke length from the front end of the piston, arrange one or more piston body recuperation rings or annular regenerators; a piston starts from the junction of the normal temperature section and the high temperature section on the cylinder wall at this section An annular regenerator is also provided on the cylinder wall within the length range of the stroke; a special-shaped insulated piston is installed in the insulated cylinder. The special-shaped insulated piston is composed of a normal temperature section connected to the crankshaft connecting rod and a high-temperature section extending into the high-temperature area. The normal temperature section is arranged Piston ring pack seal. The heat engine according to claim 10, 12 or 14, characterized in that the special-shaped insulated piston is composed of a normal temperature section connected to the crankshaft connecting rod and a high-temperature section extending into the high-temperature area, and there are multiple or more than two high-temperature sections. The filling rods evenly distributed on the cross-section are flexibly connected to the high-temperature section; the end of the filling rod close to the high-temperature section of the insulated piston is the heat-conducting end of the filling rod, which is made of high-temperature-resistant heat-conducting and heat-storage materials; the end that extends into the high-temperature area is the filling rod The insulating end is made of insulating materials. The heat engine according to claim 11, 13 or 15, characterized in that the special-shaped insulated piston is composed of a normal temperature section connected to the crankshaft connecting rod and a high-temperature section extending into the high-temperature area, and the high-temperature section is provided with a filling block and a multi-stage folding The shape of the limiting positioning structure on the top of the combination piece group of the type heat storage and heat exchange regenerator structure or the folding type special-shaped heater fits into each other correspondingly. The heat engine according to any one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the cooling structure is provided on a first-level heat storage heat exchange regenerator corresponding to the temperature, and the heat storage body corresponding to the temperature level is connected to the evaporator. The cold accumulator is equipped with a thermal conductor that bypasses the one-way valve and other components to form a thermal bridge, and stretches out thermally conductive filling rods or filling plates throughout the cold cavity air chamber to fit into the shape of the special-shaped cooler; a thermal bridge break is provided on the thermal bridge path Open structure, consisting of a thermal bridge connecting rod that can rotate around a rotating axis. The heat engine according to any one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the vortex tube structure is provided at the pressure tail gas flow outlet, the cold air flow conduit is connected to the discharge port, and the hot air flow conduit is connected to the corresponding regenerator; The hot gas flow conduit passes through the inner cylinder from the hot gas flow outlet of the vortex tube to the starting end of the heat storage and heat exchange regenerator on the other side. The outlet pipe is located at the short end of the one-way valve at the end of the heat storage and heat exchange regenerator. On the pipe; the inlet and outlet pipe sections are equipped with control on-off valves. The heat engine as claimed in claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the working process is divided into four strokes: ①Intake stroke: The intake valve opens, the special-shaped adiabatic piston and the valve piston stick together and move downward together, cold air enters the cylinder driven by the turbocharger, and both the special-shaped adiabatic piston and the valve piston reach the bottom dead center; ②Compression stroke: The special-shaped adiabatic piston and the gas distribution piston are stuck together and move upward together. The air is compressed and heated up. The heat-conducting filling rod quickly transfers the heat to the regenerator connected to the evaporator of the refrigeration circuit, causing the gas temperature to drop rapidly; the special-shaped adiabatic piston reaches the top dead center. , the valve piston will continue to move upward thereafter, and the compression stroke ends; ③Power stroke: The gas distribution piston breaks away from the special-shaped adiabatic piston and continues to move upward. During this process, the gas distribution piston sweeps the compressed air, and the compressed air further heats up step by step through the regenerators at all levels; when the gas distribution piston begins to move upward away from the adiabatic piston , the fuel nozzle opens, the fuel quickly evaporates and heats up to form a mixture; The special-shaped adiabatic piston moves downward, the spark plug ignites, and the mixture organizes high-temperature and low-oxygen rapid and clean combustion in the porous regenerative burner and combustion chamber. The rapidly heating and expanding gas pushes the adiabatic piston to drive the connecting rod and crankshaft to do work, until the special-shaped adiabatic piston reaches the bottom At the same time, the heated and expanded gas also pushes the valve piston to accelerate the scavenging process until the valve piston reaches the top dead center; ④Exhaust stroke: The exhaust valve on the cylinder head is opened, and the special-shaped adiabatic piston moves upward, pushing the high-temperature flue gas upward through the valve piston and then being discharged. The high-temperature flue gas enters the regenerators at each stage in the valve piston and is gradually cooled to close to normal temperature. The pressure device recovers the pressure energy and then discharges it. The special-shaped adiabatic piston reaches the top dead center. At the same time, the gas distribution piston also moves downward to fit the special-shaped piston. The exhaust stroke ends and the next wave of process begins; ⑤Reversal: After a period of time, the respective heat storage and release of heat by the regenerators in the corresponding regenerators tend to be saturated. At this time, the rotating mechanism operates, and the multi-stage regenerative regenerator in the valve piston rotates 180 degrees as a whole or other corresponding relatively large values. To achieve reversal at a small angle, or the one-way valve group in the valve piston rotates 180 degrees or other corresponding smaller angles to achieve reversal, the air flow path changes, corresponding to the heat storage working state or heat releasing working state of the regenerator. Change; and so on.