WO2024052377A1 - Diluant biosource pour extraction liquide-liquide de metaux pour le recyclage de batteries - Google Patents
Diluant biosource pour extraction liquide-liquide de metaux pour le recyclage de batteries Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024052377A1 WO2024052377A1 PCT/EP2023/074391 EP2023074391W WO2024052377A1 WO 2024052377 A1 WO2024052377 A1 WO 2024052377A1 EP 2023074391 W EP2023074391 W EP 2023074391W WO 2024052377 A1 WO2024052377 A1 WO 2024052377A1
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- hydrocarbon fluid
- isoparaffins
- metals
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/26—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/04—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/22—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by physical processes, e.g. by filtration, by magnetic means, or by thermal decomposition
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
Definitions
- the invention relates to the use of a biosourced isoparaffinic fluid as a diluent for the liquid-liquid extraction of metals, in particular implemented in a hydrometallurgical battery recycling process.
- the invention also relates to a hydrometallurgy process comprising at least one liquid-liquid extraction step and at least one step of recovering at least one metal.
- this diluent is a hydrocarbon solvent resulting from refining, often a kerosene or a dearomatized aliphatic product.
- the use of such a diluent in the battery recycling process results in the use of non-renewable material, which is antithetical to the objective of reducing the impact on the environment.
- the present invention aims to provide a biosourced hydrocarbon fluid, easily biodegradable, as a diluent for the liquid-liquid extraction of metals, used in particular in the recycling of electric battery electrodes by a hydrometallurgical process.
- the invention relates to the use of a hydrocarbon fluid as a diluent for liquid-liquid extraction of metals, said hydrocarbon fluid comprising at least 75% by weight of isoparaffins and less than 100 ppm by weight of aromatics, relative to by total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid, said hydrocarbon fluid having a biodegradability of at least 60% at 28 days, measured according to the OECD 301 B standard.
- the hydrocarbon fluid comprises, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid: at least 80% by weight of isoparaffins, preferably at least 90% by weight, more preferably at least 95% by weight, and /or at most 20% by weight of normal paraffins, preferably at most 10% by weight, more preferably at most 5% by weight, and/or at most 1% by weight of naphthenes, and/or less than 50 ppm by weight of aromatics.
- the hydrocarbon fluid has: a flash point greater than or equal to 80°C, preferably greater than or equal to 110°C, preferably greater than or equal to 120°C, or even greater than or equal to 140°C according to the standard ASTM D93, and/or a kinematic viscosity at 40°C less than or equal to 5 cSt, preferably less than or equal to 4 cSt, and/or a biogenic carbon content of at least 90% by weight, preferably of at least 95% by weight, more preferably at least 97% by weight, relative to the total weight of the carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon fluid.
- the hydrocarbon fluid has: an initial boiling point and a final boiling point in the range from 200 to 400°C, preferably from 240 to 350°C, more preferably from 250°C. at 340°C, and/or a difference between the final boiling point and the initial boiling point ranging from 10°C to 80°C, preferably from 20°C to 50°C.
- the hydrocarbon fluid comprises, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid: from 30 to 60% by weight of C15 isoparaffins and from 30 to 60% by weight of C16 isoparaffins, or from 5 15% by weight of C15 isoparaffins, 30 to 60% by weight of C16 isoparaffins, 10 to 30% by weight of C17 isoparaffins, and 10 to 30% by weight of C18 isoparaffins , Or from 10 to 30% by weight of C17 isoparaffins and from 60 to 90% by weight of C18 isoparaffins.
- the hydrocarbon fluid according to the invention has a flash point ranging from 80°C to 95°C (ASTM D93) and comprises, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid: from 0.5 to 15% in weight of isoparaffins having less than 13 carbon atoms, from 5 to 25% by weight of C13 isoparaffins, and from 5 to 30% by weight of C14 isoparaffins, and from 5 to 30% by weight of isoparaffins in C15, and from 25 to 50% by weight of C16 isoparaffins, and from 10 to 25% by weight of isoparaffins having more than 16 carbon atoms, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid, preferably, said fluid comprises 75 to 90% by weight of isoparaffins and 10 to 25% by weight of n-paraffins, relative to the total weight of the fluid.
- the hydrocarbon fluid is used in mixture with 0.01 to 5% by weight of one or more antioxidant additives, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid and the antioxidant additive(s).
- the fluid is used as a diluent in a hydrometallurgical process comprising at least one liquid-liquid extraction of metals using an extraction solution comprising said diluent and at least one extractant.
- the metals come from the recycling of one or more batteries.
- the invention also relates to a process for liquid-liquid extraction of metals comprising at least one step of bringing a solution of metals M into contact with an extraction solvent, said extraction solvent comprising at least one diluent and at least one least one extractant, said diluent being a hydrocarbon fluid comprising at least 75% by weight of isoparaffins and less than 100 ppm by weight of aromatics, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid, said hydrocarbon fluid having a biodegradability of at least 60% at 28 days, measured according to OECD 301 B standard.
- the invention also relates to a hydrometallurgical process for recycling batteries, said process comprising: a step of dissolving the metals present in at least one battery, in particular in the electrodes of said at least one battery, making it possible to obtain a solution of metals M, possibly a clarification step implemented on said solution of metals M making it possible to eliminate residues not dissolved in the metal solution, a liquid-liquid extraction process for metals according to the invention.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used in the liquid-liquid extraction process of metals according to the invention or in the hydrometallurgical process for recycling batteries according to the invention comprises one or more of the following characteristics: the hydrocarbon fluid comprises relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid: o at least 80% by weight of isoparaffins, preferably at least 90% by weight, more preferably at least 95% by weight, and/or o at most 20% by weight of normal paraffins, preferably at most 10% by weight, more preferably at most 5% by weight, and/or o at most 1% by weight of naphthenes, and/or o less than 50 ppm by weight of aromatics, the hydrocarbon fluid has: o a flash point greater than or equal to 80°C, preferably greater than or equal to 110°C, preferably greater than or equal to 120°C, or even greater than or equal to 140°C according to standard ASTM D93, and/or o a kinematic viscosity at 40°C less than or equal to 5 cSt,
- the hydrocarbon fluid according to the invention has a low density, in particular a lower density than hydrocarbon solvents of petroleum (fossil) origin, which makes it particularly efficient for its use as a diluent for the liquid-liquid extraction of metals. .
- the hydrocarbon fluid according to the invention is particularly stable. In fact, it notably presents excellent thermal stability, excellent oxidation stability as well as excellent UV stability, which makes it possible to extend the life of the diluent and thus minimize the replacement steps of the diluent.
- the hydrocarbon fluid according to the invention has low evaporation for a given flash point, which makes it possible to reduce the loss of fluid by evaporation and therefore to improve the yields and the implementation of the process.
- the invention makes it possible to provide a biosourced diluent having excellent extraction properties when used in an extraction solvent comprising a metal extractant.
- the hydrocarbon fluid defined in the invention thus has good compatibility with metal extractants, in particular for metals used in electric batteries.
- hydrocarbon fluid defined in the present invention presented a diluent/extraction couple having good extractability for metals including in particular excellent selectivity towards the metals of interest.
- the invention proposes a process for the recycling of electric batteries using a diluent of biosourced origin, thus having a lower impact on the environment, making it possible to selectively recover and recover metals with improved yield.
- the invention relates to a use of a hydrocarbon fluid as a diluent for the liquid-liquid extraction of metals in particular in a hydrometallurgical process, said hydrocarbon fluid comprising at least 75% by weight of isoparaffins and less than 100 ppm by weight of aromatics, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid, said hydrocarbon fluid having a biodegradability of at least 60% at 28 days, measured according to the OECD 301 B standard.
- the present invention also relates to a process for liquid-liquid extraction of metals comprising at least one step of bringing a solution of metals M into contact with an extraction solvent, said extraction solvent comprising at least one diluent and at least one extractant, said diluent being a hydrocarbon fluid comprising at least 75% by weight of isoparaffins and less than 100 ppm by weight of aromatics, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid, said hydrocarbon fluid having a biodegradability of at least 60% at 28 days, measured according to OECD standard 301 B.
- the present invention relates to a hydrometallurgical process for the recycling of batteries, said process comprising:
- a clarification step implemented on said metal solution M making it possible to eliminate residues not dissolved in the metal solution
- a step of liquid-liquid extraction of metals comprising at least one step of bringing the metal solution M into contact with an extraction solvent, said extraction solvent comprising at least one diluent and at least one extractant, said diluent being a hydrocarbon fluid comprising at least 75% by weight of isoparaffins and less than 100 ppm by weight of aromatics, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid, said hydrocarbon fluid having a biodegradability of at least 60% at 28 days, measured according to OECD 301 B standard.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used in the invention is typically of biosourced origin.
- paraffins includes isoparaffins and n-paraffins.
- isoparaffins designates non-cyclic branched alkanes.
- n-paraffins designates non-cyclic linear alkanes.
- naphthenes designates cyclic (non-aromatic) alkanes.
- Hydrocarbon fluid used as a diluent Hydrocarbon fluid used as a diluent:
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises a content of at least 75% by weight of isoparaffins, preferably at least 80% by weight, more preferably at least 90% by weight of isoparaffins. , or even at least 95% by weight, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises a content less than or equal to 25% by weight of normal paraffins, preferably less than or equal to 20% by weight, more preferably less than or equal to 10% by weight of normal paraffins , or even less than or equal to 5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention has an isoparaffin to normal paraffin mass ratio of at least 4:1, preferably at least 9:1, more preferably at least 12:1, preferably at least 15:1, or even at least 19:1.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid, a content by weight of naphthenic compounds less than or equal to 1%, preferably less than or equal to 0.5% and more preferably less than or equal to 100ppm.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises at least 80% by weight of isoparaffins, less than 20% by weight of n-paraffins, less than 1% by weight of naphthenes and less than 100 ppm by weight of aromatics, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid, a content by weight of isoparaffins ranging from 90 to 100% and a content by weight of normal paraffins ranging from 0 to 10%, preferably 95 to 100% isoparaffins and 0 to 5% normal paraffins and more preferably 98% to 100% isoparaffins and 0 to 2% normal paraffins.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises a content by weight of isoparaffins ranging from 90 to 100%, a content by weight of normal paraffins ranging from 0 to 10% and a content by weight of of naphthenes less than or equal to 1%, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises a content by weight ranging from 95 to 100% of isoparaffins, a content by weight ranging from 0 to 5% of normal paraffins and a content by weight less than or equal to 0, 5% naphthenes, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises a content by weight ranging from 98% to 100% of isoparaffins, from 0 to 2% of normal paraffins and a content by weight of naphthenes less than or equal to 100ppm, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid.
- isoparaffins normal paraffins and naphthenes
- contents of isoparaffins, normal paraffins and naphthenes can be determined using any method known to those skilled in the art, for example by gas chromatography.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises less than 100 ppm by weight of aromatics, preferably less than 50 ppm by weight of aromatics, even preferably less than 20 ppm by weight of aromatics, relative to the weight total hydrocarbon fluid.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises a content by weight of isoparaffins ranging from 90 to 100%, a content by weight of normal paraffins ranging from 0 to 10%, a content by weight of of naphthenes less than or equal to 1% and a content by weight of aromatic compounds less than or equal to 100 ppm.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises a content by weight ranging from 95 to 100% of isoparaffins, from 0 to 5% of normal paraffins, a content by weight of naphthenes less than or equal to 0.5% and a content by weight of aromatic compounds less than or equal to 50 ppm.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises a content by weight ranging from 95 to 100% of isoparaffins, from 0 to 5% of normal paraffins and a content by weight of aromatic compounds less than or equal to 100ppm.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises a content by weight ranging from 98% to 100% of isoparaffins, from 0 to 2% of normal paraffins, a content by weight of naphthenes less than or equal to 100ppm and a content by weight of aromatic compounds less than or equal to 100 ppm.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention has a biogenic carbon content of at least 90% by weight, preferably at least 95% by weight, more preferably at least 97 % by weight, relative to the total weight of the carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon fluid.
- the biogenic carbon content (also called carbon of biological origin) can be determined according to the 2020 ASTM D6866 standard.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises at least 80% by weight of isoparaffins, less than 20% by weight of n-paraffins, less than 1% by weight of naphthenes and less than 100 ppm by weight of aromatics, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid and has a biogenic carbon content of at least 90% by weight relative to the total weight of the carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon fluid.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises at least 90% by weight of isoparaffins, less than 10% by weight of n-paraffins, less than 1% by weight of naphthenes and less than 100 ppm by weight of aromatics, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid and has a biogenic carbon content of at least 90% by weight relative to the total weight of the carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon fluid.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention also preferably has an extremely low content by weight of sulfur compounds, typically less than or equal to 5ppm, preferably less than or equal to 3 ppm and more preferably less than or equal to 0.5 ppm at a level too low to be detected using conventional low-sulfur analyzers.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention also preferably has a flash point greater than or equal to 80°C, preferably greater than or equal to 110°C, preferably greater than or equal to 120°C and more preferably greater than or equal to 140°C according to ASTM D93.
- a high flash point, typically above 110°C, makes it possible in particular to overcome safety problems during storage and transport while avoiding excessive flammability of the hydrocarbon fluid.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention has a flash point ranging from 80°C to 105°C according to the ASTM D93 standard.
- the inventors have in fact observed that this flash point range made it possible to further improve the performance of the diluent in the context of liquid-liquid extraction and in particular for the recycling of batteries.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention also preferably has a vapor pressure at 20°C less than or equal to 0.01 kPa.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention also preferably has a flash point greater than or equal to 110°C according to the ASTM D93 standard and a vapor pressure at 20°C less than or equal to 0.01 kPa .
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention has a flash point greater than or equal to greater than or equal to 120°C and a vapor pressure at 20°C less than or equal to 0.01 kPa.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention has a flash point greater than or equal to 140°C and a vapor pressure at 20°C less than or equal to 0.01 kPa.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention also preferably has a kinematic viscosity at 40°C less than or equal to 5 cSt, preferably less than or equal to 4 cSt, measured according to the ASTM D445 standard.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention has an initial boiling point and a final boiling point in the range from 200 to 400°C, preferably from 240 to 350°C, more preferably from 250 to 340°C.
- Boiling points can be determined according to ASTM D86.
- the difference between the final boiling point and the initial boiling point ranges from 10°C to 80°C, preferably from 20°C to 50°C.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises at least 80% by weight of isoparaffins, less than 1% by weight of naphthenes and less than 100 ppm by weight of aromatics, and has a point initial boiling point and a final boiling point in the range from 200 to 400°C.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises at least 95% by weight of isoparaffins and less than 100 ppm by weight of aromatics, and has an initial boiling point and a final boiling in the range from 200 to 400°C.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises at least 95% by weight of isoparaffins and less than 100 ppm by weight of aromatics, and has an initial boiling point and a final boiling in the range from 250 to 340°C.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises at least 95% by weight of isoparaffins and less than 100 ppm by weight of aromatics, and has an initial boiling point and a final boiling point in the range from 200 to 400°C, the difference between the final boiling point and the initial boiling point ranging from 10°C to 80°C.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises at least 80% by weight of isoparaffins and less than 100 ppm by weight of aromatics, and has an initial boiling point and a final boiling point in the range from 250 to 340°C, the difference between the final boiling point and the initial boiling point ranging from 10°C to 80°C.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises at least 95% by weight of isoparaffins and less than 100 ppm by weight of aromatics, and has an initial boiling point and a final boiling point in the range from 250 to 340°C, the difference between the final boiling point and the initial boiling point ranging from 10°C to 80°C.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises at least 95% by weight of isoparaffins and less than 100 ppm by weight of aromatics, and has an initial boiling point and a final boiling point in the range from 250 to 340°C, the difference between the final boiling point and the initial boiling point ranging from 20°C to 50°C.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid: from 20 to 80% by weight of C15 isoparaffins and from 20 to 80% by weight of isoparaffins in C16, said fluid then being able to comprise isoparaffins comprising 14 carbon atoms or less and/or isoparaffins comprising 17 carbon atoms or more; or from 3 to 20% by weight of C15 isoparaffins, from 20 to 70% by weight of C16 isoparaffins, from 5 to 40% by weight of C17 isoparaffins, and from 5 to 40% by weight of C18 isoparaffins, said fluid possibly comprising isoparaffins comprising 14 carbon atoms or less and/or isoparaffins comprising 19 carbon atoms or more; or from 5 to 40% by weight of C17 isoparaffins and from 60 to 95% by weight of C18 isoparaffins, said fluid possibly comprising isoparaffins comprising 16 carbon atoms or less and/or iso
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid: from 30 to 60% by weight of C15 isoparaffins and from 30 to 60% by weight of C16 isoparaffins, said fluid being able to comprise isoparaffins having 14 carbon atoms or less and/or isoparaffins having 17 carbon atoms or more; or from 5 to 15% by weight of C15 isoparaffins, from 30 to 60% by weight of C16 isoparaffins, from 10 to 30% by weight of C17 isoparaffins, and from 10 to 30% by weight of C18 isoparaffins, said fluid possibly comprising isoparaffins comprising 14 carbon atoms or less and/or isoparaffins comprising 19 carbon atoms or more; or from 10 to 30% by weight of C17 isoparaffins and from 60 to 90% by weight of C18 isoparaffins, said fluid possibly comprising isoparaffins comprising 16 carbon atoms or less and/or isoparaffins comprising
- CX isoparaffins designates isoparaffins containing X carbon atoms.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises from 5 to 15% by weight of C15 isoparaffins, from 30 to 60% by weight of C16 isoparaffins, from 10 to 30% by weight of C17 isoparaffins, and from 10 to 30% by weight of C18 isoparaffins and has an aromatic content of less than 100 ppm by weight, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention has an initial boiling point and a final boiling point in the range from 240 to 300°C and comprises from 5 to 15% by weight of C15 isoparaffins, from 30 to 60% by weight of C16 isoparaffins, from 10 to 30% by weight of C17 isoparaffins, and from 10 to 30% by weight of C18 isoparaffins and has an aromatic content less than 100 ppm by weight, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises from 10 to 30% by weight of C17 isoparaffins and from 60 to 90% by weight of C18 isoparaffins and has an aromatic content of less than 100 ppm by weight, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention has an initial boiling point and a final boiling point in the range from 260 to 340°C and comprises from 10 to 30% by weight of C17 isoparaffins and 60 to 90% by weight of C18 isoparaffins and has an aromatic content of less than 100 ppm by weight, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises from 5 to 15% by weight of C15 isoparaffins, from 30 to 60% by weight of C16 isoparaffins, from 10 to 30% by weight of C17 isoparaffins, and 10 to 30% by weight of C18 isoparaffins and has an aromatic content of less than 100 ppm by weight, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid and said fluid has a biogenic carbon content of at least 95% by weight, relative to the total weight of the carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon fluid.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention has an initial boiling point and a final boiling point in the range from 240 to 300°C and comprises from 5 to 15% by weight of C15 isoparaffins, from 30 to 60% by weight of C16 isoparaffins, from 10 to 30% by weight of C17 isoparaffins, and from 10 to 30% by weight of C18 isoparaffins and has an aromatic content less than 100 ppm by weight, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid and said fluid has a biogenic carbon content of at least 95% by weight, relative to the total weight of the carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon fluid.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises from 10 to 30% by weight of C17 isoparaffins and from 60 to 90% by weight of C18 isoparaffins and has an aromatic content of less than 100 ppm by weight, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid and said fluid has a biogenic carbon content of at least 95% by weight, relative to the total weight of the carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon fluid.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention has an initial boiling point and a final boiling point in the range from 260 to 340°C and comprises from 10 to 30% by weight of C17 isoparaffins and 60 to 90% by weight of C18 isoparaffins and has an aromatic content of less than 100 ppm by weight, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid and said fluid has a biogenic carbon content of at less 95% by weight, relative to the total weight of the carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon fluid.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises from 5 to 15% by weight of C15 isoparaffins, from 30 to 60% by weight of C16 isoparaffins, from 10 to 30% by weight of C17 isoparaffins, and from 10 to 30% by weight of C18 isoparaffins and has an aromatic content of less than 50 ppm by weight, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid and said fluid has a biogenic carbon content of at least 90% by weight, relative to the total weight of the carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon fluid.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises from 10 to 30% by weight of C17 isoparaffins and from 60 to 90% by weight of C18 isoparaffins and has an aromatic content of less than 50 ppm by weight, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid and said fluid has a biogenic carbon content of at least 90% by weight, relative to the total weight of the carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon fluid.
- the hydrocarbon fluid according to the invention has a flash point ranging from 80°C to 95°C (ASTM D93) and comprises, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid: from 0.5 to 15% by weight of isoparaffins having less than 13 carbon atoms, from 5 to 25% by weight of C13 isoparaffins, and from 5 to 30% by weight of C14 isoparaffins, and from 5 to 30% by weight of C15 isoparaffins, and from 25 to 50% by weight of C16 isoparaffins, and from 10 to 25% by weight of isoparaffins having more than 16 carbon atoms, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid, preferably, said fluid comprises from 75 to 90% by weight of isoparaffins and from 10 to 25% by weight of n-paraffins, relative to the total weight of the fluid.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention has a biodegradability of at least 60% at 28 days, measured according to the OECD 301 B standard.
- the hydrocarbon fluid according to the invention will be said to be “easily biodegradable” or " readily biodegradable” in English.
- a product will be said to be “inherently biodegradable” or “inherently biodegradable” in English, if it has a biodegradability ranging from 20 to less than 60% at 28 days according to OECD standard 301, for example according to the OECD standard. 301B.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention has a biodegradability at 28 days of at least 70%, preferably at least 80%, measured according to the OECD 301 B standard.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention has a biodegradability of at least 60% at 28 days, measured according to OECD standard 306.
- OECD standard 306 is more restrictive than OECD standard 301 B.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises at least 80% by weight of isoparaffins and less than 100 ppm by weight of aromatics, and has an initial boiling point and a final boiling point in the range from 200 to 400°C, said hydrocarbon fluid having a biodegradability of at least 60% at 28 days, measured according to the OECD 301 B standard.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises at least 95% by weight of isoparaffins and less than 100 ppm by weight of aromatics, and has an initial boiling point and a final boiling point in the range from 200 to 400°C, said hydrocarbon fluid having a biodegradability of at least 60% at 28 days, measured according to the OECD 301 B standard.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises at least 95% by weight of isoparaffins and less than 100 ppm by weight of aromatics, and has an initial boiling point and a final boiling point in the range from 250 to 340°C, said hydrocarbon fluid having a biodegradability of at least 60% at 28 days, measured according to the OECD 301 B standard.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises at least 95% by weight of isoparaffins and less than 100 ppm by weight of aromatics, and has an initial boiling point and a final boiling point in the range from 250 to 340°C, the difference between the final boiling point and the initial boiling point ranging from 20°C to 50°C, said hydrocarbon fluid having a biodegradability of at minus 60% at 28 days, measured according to OECD standard 301 B.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises from 5 to 15% by weight of C15 isoparaffins, from 30 to 60% by weight of C16 isoparaffins, from 10 to 30% by weight of C17 isoparaffins, and from 10 to 30% by weight of C18 isoparaffins and has an aromatic content of less than 100 ppm by weight, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid, said hydrocarbon fluid having a biodegradability of at minus 60% at 28 days, measured according to OECD standard 301 B.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises from 10 to 30% by weight of C17 isoparaffins and from 60 to 90% by weight of C18 isoparaffins and has an aromatic content of less than 100 ppm by weight, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid, said hydrocarbon fluid having a biodegradability of at least 60% at 28 days, measured according to the OECD 301 B standard.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises at least 95% by weight of isoparaffins and less than 50 ppm by weight of aromatics, and has an initial boiling point and a final boiling point in the range from 200 to 400°C, said hydrocarbon fluid having a biodegradability of at least 60% at 28 days, measured according to the OECD 301 B standard.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises at least 95% by weight of isoparaffins and less than 50 ppm by weight of aromatics, and has an initial boiling point and a final boiling point in the range from 250 to 340°C, said hydrocarbon fluid having a biodegradability of at least 60% at 28 days, measured according to the OECD 301 B standard.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises at least 95% by weight of isoparaffins and less than 50 ppm by weight of aromatics, and has an initial boiling point and a final boiling point in the range from 250 to 340°C, the difference between the final boiling point and the initial boiling point ranging from 20°C to 50°C, said hydrocarbon fluid having a biodegradability of at minus 60% at 28 days, measured according to OECD standard 301 B.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises from 5 to 15% by weight of C15 isoparaffins, from 30 to 60% by weight of isoparaffins in C16, from 10 to 30% by weight of C17 isoparaffins, and from 10 to 30% by weight of C18 isoparaffins and has an aromatic content of less than 50 ppm by weight, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid , said hydrocarbon fluid having a biodegradability of at least 60% at 28 days, measured according to the OECD 301 B standard.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises from 10 to 30% by weight of C17 isoparaffins and from 60 to 90% by weight of C18 isoparaffins and has an aromatic content of less than 50 ppm by weight, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid, said hydrocarbon fluid having a biodegradability of at least 60% at 28 days, measured according to the OECD 301 B standard.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention can be obtained in the following way.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention is a hydrocarbon cut typically resulting from the conversion of biomass.
- biomass conversion we mean a hydrocarbon cut produced from raw materials of biological origin.
- Raw materials of organic origin can be chosen from vegetable oils, animal fats, fish oils and their mixtures.
- the hydrocarbon cut of biological origin is obtained by a process comprising hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) and isomerization (ISO) steps.
- the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) step leads to the decomposition of the structures of biological esters or triglyceride constituents, the elimination of oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur compounds and the hydrogenation of olefinic bonds.
- the product resulting from the hydrodeoxygenation reaction is then isomerized.
- a fractionation step can preferably follow the hydrodeoxygenation and isomerization steps.
- the fractions of interest are then subjected to hydrotreatment and then distillation steps in order to obtain the specifications of the desired hydrocarbon fluid according to the invention.
- This HDO/ISO process is implemented on a raw biological load, also called biomass or raw material of biological origin, selected from the group consisting of vegetable oils, animal fats, fish oils and their mixture.
- Suitable raw materials of organic origin are, for example, rapeseed oil, canola oil, tailoil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, hemp oil, olive oil , flaxseed oil, mustard oil, palm oil, peanut oil, castor oil, coconut oil, animal fats such as tallow, shortenings recycled food, genetically engineered raw materials, and biological raw materials produced from microorganisms such as algae and bacteria.
- esters or other derivatives obtained from raw biological materials can also serve as raw materials.
- the raw material of biological origin is an ester or a triglyceride derivative.
- This material is first subjected to a hydrodeoxygenation (H DO) step to decompose the structure of the constituent esters or triglycerides and eliminate the oxygenated, phosphorous and sulfur compounds concomitantly with the hydrogenation of the olefinic bonds.
- HDO hydrodeoxygenation
- the hydrogen and the raw material of biological origin are passed through a catalytic hydrodeoxygenation bed simultaneously or against the current.
- the pressure and temperature are between 20 and 150 bars and between 200 and 500°C respectively.
- Conventional and known hydrodeoxygenation catalysts are used during this step.
- the raw material of biological origin can be subjected to pre-hydrogenation under mild conditions to avoid secondary reactions of double bonds before the HDO step.
- the product resulting from the reaction is subjected to an isomerization step (ISO) where the hydrogen and the product, and optionally a mixture of n-paraffins, are passed over catalytic isomerization beds of simultaneously or against the flow.
- ISO isomerization step
- the pressure and temperature are between 20 and 150 bars and between 200 and 500°C respectively.
- Conventional and known isomerization catalysts are used during this step.
- Additional secondary processes can also be implemented (such as intermediate mixing, trapping or other such processes).
- the product resulting from the HDO/ISO steps can possibly be split in order to obtain the cuts of interest.
- Patent application EP2084245 describes a process for producing a hydrocarbon mixture which can be used as diesel or in a diesel composition by hydrodeoxygenation of a mixture of biological origin containing esters of fatty acids optionally mixed with free fatty acids, for example vegetable oils such as sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, oil canola, palm oil or pine oil, followed by hydroisomerization on specific catalysts.
- Patent application EP2368967 describes such a process and the product obtained by this process.
- the raw material of biological origin contains less than 15 ppm of sulfur, preferably less than 8 ppm, preferably less than 5 ppm and more preferably less than 1 ppm according to standard EN ISO 20846.
- the filler does not include sulfur in as a raw material of biosourced origin.
- the deoxygenated and isomerized feedstock resulting from the HDO/ISO process is then hydrogenated, after having possibly been fractionated in order to obtain a desired boiling range.
- the hydrogenation step is a catalytic hydrogenation step at a temperature of 80 to 180°C and at a pressure of 50 to 160 bars of a deoxygenated and isomerized feed (or cut) of biological origin.
- the hydrogen used in the hydrogenation unit is typically highly purified hydrogen.
- highly purified we mean hydrogen with a purity, for example, greater than 99%, although other grades can also be used.
- the hydrogenation step is carried out using catalysts.
- Typical hydrogenation catalysts can be either bulk or supported and may include the following metals: nickel, platinum, palladium, rhenium, rhodium, nickel tungstate, nickel-molybdenum, molybdenum, cobalt-molybdenum.
- the supports can be silica, alumina, silica-alumina or zeolites.
- a preferred catalyst is a nickel-based catalyst on an alumina support whose specific surface area preferably varies from 100 to 200 m 2 /g of catalyst or a nickel-based mass catalyst.
- the hydrogenation conditions are typically as follows:
- Pressure 50 to 160 bars, preferably 80 to 150 bars and more preferably 90 to 120 bars;
- WH Hourly volume velocity
- - Hydrogen treatment rate adapted to the conditions mentioned above and up to 200 Nm3/tons of load to be treated.
- the temperature in the reactors is typically between 150 and 160°C with a pressure of approximately 100 bars while the hourly volume velocity is approximately 0.6 hr-1 with a treatment rate adapted according to the quality of the feed. to be processed and the parameters of the first hydrogenation reactor.
- Hydrogenation can take place in one or more reactors in series.
- the reactors may include one or more catalytic beds.
- Catalytic beds are generally fixed catalytic beds.
- the hydrogenation process preferably comprises two or three reactors, preferably three reactors and is more preferably carried out in three reactors in series.
- the first reactor allows the trapping of sulfur compounds and the hydrogenation of essentially all unsaturated compounds and up to approximately 90% by weight of aromatic compounds.
- the product from the first reactor does not contain substantially any sulfur compounds.
- the hydrogenation of the aromatics continues and up to 99% by weight of the aromatics are therefore hydrogenated.
- the third stage in the third reactor is a finishing stage making it possible to obtain aromatic contents of less than 100 ppm, preferably less than 50 ppm, preferably less than 20 ppm.
- the catalysts may be present in varying or essentially equal amounts in each reactor; for three reactors, the quantities according to weight can for example be 0.05-0.5/0.10-0.70/0.25-0.85, preferably 0.07-0.25/0 .15-0.35/0.4-0.78 and more preferably 0.10-0.20/0.20-0.32/0.48-0.70.
- the first reactor is composed of twin reactors implemented in alternative ways. This mode of operability allows in particular easier loading and unloading of the catalysts: when the first reactor includes the saturated catalyst first (substantially all the sulfur is trapped on and/or in the catalyst) it must be changed often.
- a single reactor can also be used in which two, three or more catalyst beds are installed.
- the product resulting from the process and/or the separated gases are at least partly recycled in the supply system of the hydrogenation reactors. This dilution helps to maintain the exothermicity of the reaction within controlled limits, particularly at the first stage. Recycling further allows heat exchange before the reaction and also better temperature control.
- the effluent from the hydrogenation unit mainly contains the hydrogenated product and hydrogen. Flash separators are used to separate effluents into the gas phase, mainly residual hydrogen, and the liquid phase, mainly hydrogenated hydrocarbon cuts.
- the process can be carried out using three flash separators, one at high pressure, one at intermediate pressure and one at low pressure very close to atmospheric pressure.
- the hydrogen gas that is collected at the top of the flash separators can be recycled into the hydrogenation unit feed system or at different levels in the hydrogenation units between the reactors.
- the final product is separated at atmospheric pressure. It then directly feeds a vacuum fractionation unit.
- the fractionation will be carried out at a pressure of between 10 and 50 mbars and more preferably at around 30 mbars.
- Fractionation can be carried out in such a way that it is possible to simultaneously remove various hydrocarbon fluids from the fractionating column and their boiling temperature can be predetermined.
- the hydrogenation reactors, separators and fractionation unit can therefore be directly connected without the need to use intermediate tanks.
- This integration of hydrogenation and fractionation allows optimized thermal integration associated with a reduction in the number of devices and energy savings.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used in the invention is obtained by a process comprising a step of catalytic hydrogenation of a biomass which has been hydrodeoxygenated and hydroisomerized, said hydrogenation step being implemented at a temperature ranging from 80 to 180°C and at a pressure from 50 to 160 bars, preferably at a temperature ranging from 120 to 160°C and at a pressure ranging from 80 to 150 bars, more preferably at a temperature ranging from 150 to 160°C and at a pressure ranging from 90 to 120 bars.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used in the invention is obtained by a process comprising: a hydrodeoxygenation step followed by a step of hydroisomerization of a biomass in order to obtain a hydrodeoxygenated and hydroisomerized biomass, a step of catalytic hydrogenation of the hydrodeoxygenated and hydroisomerized biomass, said hydrogenation step being implemented at a temperature ranging from 80 to 180°C and at a pressure of 50 to 160 bars, preferably at a temperature ranging from 120 to 160°C and at a pressure ranging from 80 to 150 bars, more preferably at a temperature ranging from 150 to 160°C and at a pressure ranging from 90 to 120 bars, the biomass being preferably chosen from vegetable oils, animal fats, fish oils and mixtures thereof.
- the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention ideally comes from the treatment of raw materials of biological origin.
- biogenic carbon or “bio-carbon” indicates that the carbon is of natural origin and comes from a biomaterial, as indicated below.
- Bio-carbon content, biogenic carbon content and biomaterial content are expressions indicating the same value.
- a material of renewable origin or biomaterial is an organic material in which the carbon comes from CO2 recently fixed (on a human scale) by photosynthesis from the atmosphere.
- a biomaterial (100% natural carbon) has a 14 C/ 12 C isotopic ratio greater than 10'12 , typically around 1.2 x 10 -12 , while a fossil material has a zero ratio.
- the isotopic 14 C formed in the atmosphere is then integrated by photosynthesis, over a time scale of a few decades at most.
- the half-life of 14 C is 5730 years.
- materials resulting from photosynthesis namely plants in general, necessarily have a maximum content of 14 C isotope.
- the hydrocarbon fluid is mixed with at least one additive before being used as a diluent.
- the diluent used according to the invention comprises the hydrocarbon fluid defined in the present invention and at least one additive, preferably at least one antioxidant additive.
- the antioxidant additive generally makes it possible to delay the degradation of the composition in service. This degradation can notably result in the formation of deposits, the presence of sludge or an increase in the viscosity of the composition.
- Antioxidant additives act in particular as free radical inhibitors or hydroperoxide destroyers.
- antioxidant additives we can cite phenolic-type antioxidant additives, amine-type antioxidant additives, phosphosulfur-containing antioxidant additives. Some of these antioxidant additives, for example phosphosulfur antioxidant additives, can generate ash. Phenolic antioxidant additives can be ash-free or in the form of neutral or basic metal salts.
- the antioxidant additives may in particular be chosen from sterically hindered phenols, sterically hindered phenol esters and sterically hindered phenols comprising a thioether bridge, diphenylamines, diphenylamines substituted by at least one C1-C12 alkyl group, and their mixture.
- the sterically hindered phenols are chosen from compounds comprising a phenol group of which at least one vicinal carbon of the carbon carrying the alcohol function is substituted by at least one alkyl group in C-CIO, preferably an alkyl group in C1-C6, preferably a C4 alkyl group, preferably the tert-butyl group.
- Amino compounds are another class of antioxidant additives that can be used, possibly in combination with phenolic antioxidant additives.
- Examples of amino compounds are aromatic amines, for example aromatic amines of formula NR4R5R6 in which R4 represents an aliphatic group or an aromatic group, optionally substituted, R5 represents an aromatic group, optionally substituted, R6 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group or a group of formula R7S(O)zR8 in which R7 represents an alkylene group or an alkenylene group, R8 represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group or an aryl group and z represents 0, 1 or 2 .
- Sulfurized alkyl phenols or their alkali and alkaline earth metal salts can also be used as antioxidant additives.
- antioxidant additives are that of copper compounds, for example copper thio- or dithio-phosphates, copper salts and carboxylic acids, dithiocarbamates, sulphonates, phenates, copper acetylacetonates. Copper I and II salts, succinic acid or anhydride salts can also be used.
- copper compounds for example copper thio- or dithio-phosphates, copper salts and carboxylic acids, dithiocarbamates, sulphonates, phenates, copper acetylacetonates.
- Copper I and II salts, succinic acid or anhydride salts can also be used.
- the antioxidant(s) preferably represent 0.01 to 3% by weight of the weight of the composition, preferably 0.05 to 2% by weight of the weight of the diluent.
- the hydrocarbon fluid is used as a diluent for the liquid-liquid extraction of metals.
- the fluid hydrocarbon defined in the invention can be used as a diluent in a hydrometallurgical process comprising at least one step of liquid-liquid extraction of metals.
- the present invention also relates to a process for liquid-liquid extraction of metals comprising at least one step of bringing a solution of metals M into contact with an extraction solvent, said extraction solvent comprising at least one diluent and at least one extractant, said diluent being a hydrocarbon fluid as defined in the present invention.
- the liquid-liquid extraction of metals comprises a step of bringing a solution of metals M into contact with an extraction solvent comprising an extractant and a diluent, said diluent being the fluid hydrocarbon defined in the present invention.
- the metal solution M typically comprises at least two different metals and the liquid-liquid extraction of metals will make it possible to recover at least one metal from the metal solution M, preferably at least two metals separately.
- Said metals can for example be chosen from nickel, copper, cadmium, cobalt, manganese, lithium, zinc, their mixtures including alloys of these metals.
- the metals in solution M may be in the form of metal oxide and/or metal hydroxide.
- the extractant can be chosen by those skilled in the art depending on the metals present in the metal solution M.
- the extractant will be miscible with the hydrocarbon fluid.
- the extractant is chosen from oximes comprising one or two alkyl groups and phosphorous acids optionally comprising one or more alkyl groups, the alkyls preferably having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably from 4 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably among ketoximes having an alkyl group, phosphinite acids optionally comprising one or more
- alkyl groups the alkyls preferably having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably from 4 to 18 carbon atoms.
- extractants we can cite extractants from the Cyanex® range from Solvay or extractants from the LIX® range from BASF.
- the metal solution M can for example come from a step of dissolving metals from electric batteries, in particular from the electrodes of electric batteries.
- the present invention also relates to a hydrometallurgical process for recycling one or more batteries, said process comprising: a step of dissolving the metals present in at least one battery, in particular in the electrodes of said at least one battery, making it possible to obtain a solution of metals M, possibly a clarification step implemented on said solution of metals M making it possible to eliminate the residues not dissolved in the solution of metals, a step of liquid-liquid extraction of metals comprising at at least one step of bringing the metal solution M, optionally clarified, into contact with an extraction solvent, said extraction solvent comprising at least one diluent and at least one extractant, said diluent being a hydrocarbon fluid comprising at least 75 % by weight of isoparaffins and less than 100 ppm by weight of aromatics, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid, said hydrocarbon fluid having a biodegradability of at least 60% at 28 days, measured according to the OECD 301 B standard.
- the process is implemented on Lithium-ion batteries.
- the process will typically make it possible to recover and efficientlyze the metals present in batteries, in particular in the battery electrodes.
- the parts to be recycled are typically put into solution, preferably by a leaching process.
- the solution of metals M will generally include at least two metals of different nature.
- the process hydrometallurgy will then make it possible to separately recover said at least two metals of different nature.
- the metals present in the metal solution M can for example be chosen from nickel, copper, cadmium, cobalt, manganese, lithium, zinc, their mixtures including alloys of these metals.
- a solution L making it possible to dissolve the metals present, in particular the metals intended to be recovered, will be chosen.
- the solution L for dissolution could for example be chosen from acids, bases, oxidants or reducing agents.
- the metal solution M may thus include metals in the form of oxide or hydroxide.
- the hydrometallurgy process according to the invention may possibly include a clarification step making it possible to eliminate the solid residues which would be present in the solution of metals M.
- This possible clarification step can possibly be implemented by decantation and/or centrifugation and/or filtration.
- the hydrometallurgy process according to the invention comprises a step of liquid-liquid extraction of metals comprising at least one step of bringing the metal solution M into contact, after a possible clarification step, with an extraction solvent.
- the extraction solvent comprises at least one diluent and at least one extractant.
- Said diluent is the hydrocarbon fluid defined in the present invention.
- the extractant can be chosen by those skilled in the art depending on the metals present in the metal solution M.
- the extractant will be miscible with the hydrocarbon fluid.
- the extractant is chosen from oximes comprising one or two alkyl groups and phosphorous acids optionally comprising one or more alkyl groups, the alkyls preferably having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably from 4 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably from ketoximes having an alkyl group, phosphinite acids optionally comprising one or more alkyl groups, the alkyls preferably having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably from 4 to 18 carbon atoms.
- the extractants we can cite the extractants from the Cyanex® range from Solvay or the extractants from the LIX® range from BASF.
- the process according to the invention may comprise at least one subsequent step of recovering at least one metal, preferably at least two metals of different nature.
- said subsequent recovery step is followed by a step of purification of said recovered metal or metals.
- Three hydrocarbon fluids are prepared according to a process as described in the present invention, by HDO/ISO of a biomass followed by a hydrogenation step.
- Table 1 groups together the physicochemical properties of hydrocarbon fluids.
- the hydrocarbon fluid according to the invention thus has excellent properties, particularly in terms of flash point, density, evaporation and conductivity, making it possible to obtain excellent properties when it is used as a diluent in a extraction solvent comprising an extractant.
- the extraction solvent used in the invention thus makes it possible to selectively recover and recover the metals present in the batteries during battery recycling.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202380069134.6A CN119948180A (zh) | 2022-09-07 | 2023-09-06 | 用于电池回收利用的金属液-液提取用生物基稀释剂 |
| EP23767866.9A EP4584404A1 (fr) | 2022-09-07 | 2023-09-06 | Diluant biosource pour extraction liquide-liquide de metaux pour le recyclage de batteries |
| KR1020257010632A KR20250069567A (ko) | 2022-09-07 | 2023-09-06 | 배터리 재활용을 위한 금속의 액체-액체 추출을 위한 생물기반 희석제 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2208962A FR3139346A1 (fr) | 2022-09-07 | 2022-09-07 | Diluant biosource pour extraction liquide-liquide de metaux pour le recyclage de batteries |
| FRFR2208962 | 2022-09-07 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2024052377A1 true WO2024052377A1 (fr) | 2024-03-14 |
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ID=84369803
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2023/074391 Ceased WO2024052377A1 (fr) | 2022-09-07 | 2023-09-06 | Diluant biosource pour extraction liquide-liquide de metaux pour le recyclage de batteries |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4584404A1 (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20250069567A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN119948180A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3139346A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024052377A1 (fr) |
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| US4008134A (en) * | 1974-05-30 | 1977-02-15 | Gunnar Thorsen | Extraction and separation of metals from solids using liquid cation exchangers |
| EP1728844A1 (fr) | 2005-05-19 | 2006-12-06 | Uop Llc | Production d'un carburant diesel à partir de charges biologiques renouvelables |
| US20090087361A1 (en) * | 2007-09-28 | 2009-04-02 | Vale Inco Limited | Producing nickel hydroxide suitable for pelletization with iron-containing ore and for stainless steel manufacture |
| EP2084245A1 (fr) | 2006-11-15 | 2009-08-05 | Eni S.p.a. | Procédé de production de fractions hydrocarbonées à partir de mélanges d'origine biologique |
| EP2368967A1 (fr) | 2010-03-22 | 2011-09-28 | Neste Oil Oyj | Lösungsmittelzusammensetzung |
| WO2014033762A1 (fr) | 2012-09-03 | 2014-03-06 | Eni S.P.A | Procédé pour rénover une raffinerie d'huiles minérales traditionnelle pour créer une bioraffinerie |
| WO2018007672A1 (fr) * | 2016-07-05 | 2018-01-11 | Outotec (Finland) Oy | Isoparaffines renouvelables comme diluant dans un processus hydrométallurgique d'extraction liquide-liquide |
| WO2018078023A1 (fr) * | 2016-10-27 | 2018-05-03 | Total Marketing Services | Utilisation de fluides hydrocarbonés biodégradables comme fluides de forage |
| US20220010409A1 (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2022-01-13 | Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives | Use of synergistic mixture of extractants for extracting rare earth elements from an aqueous medium comprising phosphoric acid |
-
2022
- 2022-09-07 FR FR2208962A patent/FR3139346A1/fr active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-09-06 EP EP23767866.9A patent/EP4584404A1/fr active Pending
- 2023-09-06 WO PCT/EP2023/074391 patent/WO2024052377A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2023-09-06 CN CN202380069134.6A patent/CN119948180A/zh active Pending
- 2023-09-06 KR KR1020257010632A patent/KR20250069567A/ko active Pending
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| US4008134A (en) * | 1974-05-30 | 1977-02-15 | Gunnar Thorsen | Extraction and separation of metals from solids using liquid cation exchangers |
| EP1728844A1 (fr) | 2005-05-19 | 2006-12-06 | Uop Llc | Production d'un carburant diesel à partir de charges biologiques renouvelables |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3139346A1 (fr) | 2024-03-08 |
| EP4584404A1 (fr) | 2025-07-16 |
| KR20250069567A (ko) | 2025-05-19 |
| CN119948180A (zh) | 2025-05-06 |
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