WO2024048675A1 - 液体燃料製造システムおよび液体燃料の製造方法 - Google Patents
液体燃料製造システムおよび液体燃料の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024048675A1 WO2024048675A1 PCT/JP2023/031603 JP2023031603W WO2024048675A1 WO 2024048675 A1 WO2024048675 A1 WO 2024048675A1 JP 2023031603 W JP2023031603 W JP 2023031603W WO 2024048675 A1 WO2024048675 A1 WO 2024048675A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
- C10G2/30—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
- C10G2/32—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts
- C10G2/34—Apparatus, reactors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
- C07C1/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of a carbon
- C07C1/04—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of a carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
- C07C1/0405—Apparatus
- C07C1/041—Reactors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
- C07C1/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of a carbon
- C07C1/04—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of a carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
- C07C1/0405—Apparatus
- C07C1/042—Temperature controlling devices; Heat exchangers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G31/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for
- C10G31/11—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for by dialysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/002—Removal of contaminants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/002—Removal of contaminants
- C10K1/003—Removal of contaminants of acid contaminants, e.g. acid gas removal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/08—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors
- C10K1/10—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids
- C10K1/12—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids alkaline-reacting including the revival of the used wash liquors
- C10K1/121—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids alkaline-reacting including the revival of the used wash liquors containing NH3 only (possibly in combination with NH4 salts)
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
- B01D53/268—Drying gases or vapours by diffusion
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid fuel production system and a liquid fuel production method.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a liquid fuel production system that performs a conversion reaction of raw material gas containing hydrogen and carbon dioxide into methanol using a membrane reactor including a catalyst and a water vapor separation membrane.
- the reaction yield may deteriorate.
- raw material gas is recycled by recovering unreacted raw material gas from the liquid fuel production system and supplying it again to the liquid fuel production system as raw material gas.
- acidic by-products generated in the conversion reaction may accumulate as the number of cycles increases, leading to deterioration of the reaction yield.
- the main purpose of the present invention is to suppress the deterioration of the reaction yield in the conversion reaction from a raw material gas containing hydrogen and carbon oxide to a liquid fuel.
- a liquid fuel synthesis section that advances a conversion reaction from a source gas containing at least hydrogen and carbon oxide to liquid fuel; a raw material gas supply section for supplying; re-supplying the remaining raw material gas containing the unreacted hydrogen and the carbon oxide and the acidic byproduct of the conversion reaction from the liquid fuel synthesis section to the raw material gas supply section; a raw material gas circulation part; a mixing part in which the raw material gas supply part mixes the amine compound and the residual raw material gas in the presence of water vapor;
- a liquid fuel production system is provided, including a water removal section that removes a neutralized product together with condensed water of the water vapor.
- the neutralization raw material gas containing the amine compound and the residual raw material gas may be mixed in the mixing section.
- the raw material gas further contains nitrogen, and the amine compound is ammonia generated from the hydrogen and the nitrogen in the liquid fuel synthesis section. It's good.
- the liquid fuel production system according to [2] above further includes a gas recovery unit that recovers carbon dioxide from the atmosphere or biogas, and the gas containing carbon dioxide supplied from the gas recovery unit is It may be used as a component of the neutralization raw material gas.
- the liquid fuel synthesis section includes a water vapor separation membrane that transmits at least water vapor, and the water vapor separation membrane is arranged from a non-permeable side to a permeable side.
- the liquid fuel production system includes a gas that sweeps the permeate side gas, and a sweep gas containing an amine compound.
- the sweep gas may further contain carbon oxide and/or hydrogen.
- the concentration of the amine compound in the sweep gas may be 10 ppm or more.
- the liquid fuel synthesis section includes a water vapor separation membrane that allows at least water vapor and ammonia to pass therethrough, and the water vapor separation membrane is permeated from a non-permeation side to a permeation side.
- the carbon oxide and the non-permeate side gas containing the acidic by-products may be separated, and the liquid fuel production system may also separate a sweep gas that sweeps the permeate side gas into the liquid fuel synthesis section.
- the liquid fuel synthesis unit has a liquid fuel separation membrane that allows at least liquid fuel to pass therethrough, and the gas that has passed through the liquid fuel separation membrane from the non-permeation side to the permeation side, and the permeation side gas that contains the liquid fuel.
- the liquid fuel production system supplies a gas that sweeps the permeate side gas and contains an amine compound to the permeate side of the liquid fuel synthesis section.
- the fuel cell may further include a sweep gas supply section, and the sweep gas flowing out from the liquid fuel synthesis section may be supplied to the mixing section.
- the sweep gas may further contain carbon oxide and/or hydrogen.
- the concentration of the amine compound in the sweep gas may be 10 ppm or more.
- the liquid fuel synthesis section includes a liquid fuel separation membrane that allows at least liquid fuel and ammonia to pass therethrough, and the liquid fuel separation membrane passes through the liquid fuel separation membrane from the non-permeation side to the permeation side.
- the liquid fuel production system may separate a sweep gas that sweeps the permeate side gas from the liquid It may further include a sweep gas supply section that supplies the permeation side of the fuel synthesis section, and the permeation side gas and the sweep gas flowing out from the liquid fuel synthesis section may be supplied to the mixing section.
- the ammonia concentration in the mixed gas of the permeate side gas and the sweep gas may be 10 ppm or more.
- the liquid fuel synthesis section controls the temperature of the first gas flow path in which a catalyst for advancing the conversion reaction is disposed and the first gas flow path.
- the liquid fuel production system may include a second gas flow path through which a temperature control gas for regulating the temperature control gas flows, and the liquid fuel production system may include a second gas flow path through which a temperature control gas for adjusting the temperature control gas flows.
- the fuel cell may further include a temperature control gas supply section that supplies the temperature control gas to the gas flow path, and the temperature control gas flowing out from the liquid fuel synthesis section may be supplied to the mixing section.
- the temperature regulating gas may further contain carbon oxide and/or hydrogen.
- the concentration of the amine compound in the temperature regulating gas may be 10 ppm or more.
- a manufacturing method is provided. [19] In the method for producing a liquid fuel according to [18] above, removing the acidic by-product from the residual raw material gas is performed after being supplied to the liquid fuel synthesis section and flowing through the liquid fuel synthesis section.
- the neutralization raw material gas containing the amine compound may be mixed with the residual raw material gas.
- the raw material gas may further contain nitrogen, and the amine compound is generated from the hydrogen and the nitrogen in the liquid fuel synthesis section. It may be ammonia.
- the neutralization raw material gas may be prepared using a gas containing carbon dioxide recovered from the atmosphere or biogas.
- the liquid fuel synthesis section may have a water vapor separation membrane that transmits at least water vapor, and the liquid fuel is a byproduct of the conversion reaction.
- Water vapor may be permeated from the non-permeate side to the permeate side of the water vapor separation membrane, swept with the sweep gas containing the amine compound, and recovered as exhaust gas from the liquid fuel synthesis section, and the exhaust gas and the residual raw material gas may be combined. may be mixed to neutralize the acidic by-product in the residual raw material gas with the amine compound.
- the liquid fuel synthesis section may include a liquid fuel separation membrane that allows at least the liquid fuel to pass therethrough, and the liquid fuel is separated from the liquid fuel by the liquid fuel.
- the fuel is permeated from the non-permeate side to the permeate side of the fuel separation membrane, swept with a sweep gas containing the amine compound, and recovered as a product gas from the liquid fuel synthesis section, and water vapor, which is a byproduct of the conversion reaction, is and separating the product gas into the liquid fuel and the sweep gas, and mixing the sweep gas, the residual feed gas, and the water vapor to remove the acidic by-products in the residual feed gas.
- a temperature control gas containing the amine compound for adjusting the reaction temperature of the conversion reaction is passed through the liquid fuel synthesis section.
- the temperature control gas and the residual raw material gas after flowing through the liquid fuel synthesis section may be mixed, and the acidic by-products in the residual raw material gas may be neutralized with the amine compound.
- the liquid fuel synthesis section may have a water vapor separation membrane that transmits at least water vapor and ammonia, and the liquid fuel synthesis section may have a water vapor separation membrane that transmits at least water vapor and ammonia.
- the ammonia may be permeated from the non-permeate side to the permeate side of the water vapor separation membrane, swept with a sweep gas, and recovered as exhaust gas from the liquid fuel synthesis section, and the exhaust gas and the residual raw material gas may be mixed. , the acidic by-product in the residual raw material gas may be neutralized with the ammonia.
- the liquid fuel synthesis section may include a liquid fuel separation membrane that allows at least the liquid fuel and ammonia to pass therethrough, and the liquid fuel and the ammonia pass through the liquid fuel separation membrane.
- the liquid fuel is permeated from the non-permeate side to the permeate side of the membrane, swept with a sweep gas, and recovered as a product gas from the liquid fuel synthesis section, and water vapor, which is a byproduct of the conversion reaction, is removed from the residual raw material gas.
- the liquid fuel may be separated from the product gas and then mixed with the residual feed gas and the water vapor to neutralize the acidic by-products in the residual feed gas with the ammonia. good.
- the deterioration of the reaction yield can be suppressed by removing acidic byproducts generated in the conversion reaction by neutralization during the circulation process of the raw material gas. Further, although corrosion may occur in the liquid fuel production system due to acidic byproducts, such corrosion can be prevented according to the liquid fuel production method according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a liquid fuel production system according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of a liquid fuel production system according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of a liquid fuel production system according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram of a liquid fuel production system according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- a liquid fuel production system includes: a liquid fuel synthesis unit that advances a conversion reaction from a raw material gas containing at least hydrogen and carbon oxide to liquid fuel; a raw material gas supply unit that supplies the raw material gas to the liquid fuel synthesis unit; a raw material gas circulation unit that resupplies the remaining raw material gas containing the unreacted hydrogen, the carbon oxide, and the acidic byproduct of the conversion reaction from the liquid fuel synthesis unit to the raw material gas supply unit; Equipped with The raw material gas supply section is a mixing section that mixes the amine compound and the residual raw material gas in the presence of water vapor; a water removal section that removes a neutralized product of the amine compound and the acidic byproduct together with condensed water of the water vapor; has.
- the liquid fuel production system according to the embodiment of the present invention, acidic by-products contained in residual raw material gas are neutralized with an amine compound in the presence of water vapor, and the resulting neutralized product is converted into water vapor (neutralized product removal). It can be removed together with condensed water (also called water vapor).
- the liquid fuel synthesis section includes a separation membrane that separates the liquid fuel from water vapor that is a byproduct of the conversion reaction (also referred to as byproduct water vapor).
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a liquid fuel production system according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- a liquid fuel production system 1A shown in FIG. 1 includes a liquid fuel synthesis section 10 that advances a conversion reaction from a source gas containing at least hydrogen and carbon oxide into liquid fuel; , a raw material gas supply section 20; a raw material gas circulation for resupplying the remaining raw material gas containing unreacted hydrogen and carbon oxide and acidic by-products of the conversion reaction from the liquid fuel synthesis section 10 to the raw material gas supply section 20; 30.
- the liquid fuel synthesis unit 10 has a water vapor separation membrane 14 that allows water vapor to pass therethrough, and the gas that has passed through the water vapor separation membrane 14 from the non-permeable side to the permeable side contains water vapor that is a byproduct of the conversion reaction.
- the permeate gas is separated from the non-permeate gas that has not passed through the water vapor separation membrane 14 and contains liquid fuel, unreacted hydrogen and carbon oxides, and acidic byproducts.
- the liquid fuel production system 1A further includes a sweep gas supply section 40 that supplies the liquid fuel synthesis section 10 with a gas that sweeps the permeate gas.
- the raw material gas supply section 20 includes a mixing section 24 that mixes the amine compound and the remaining raw material gas in the presence of water vapor, and a mixing section 24 that removes the neutralized product of the amine compound and the acidic by-product together with the condensed water of the water vapor. It has a moisture removal section 26.
- the sweep gas (neutralization raw material gas) flowing out from the liquid fuel synthesis section 10
- the water vapor contained in the permeate side gas and the residual raw material gas contained in the non-permeated side gas are mixed, thereby neutralizing the acidic by-products in the residual raw material gas with an amine compound in the presence of water vapor. be able to.
- liquid fuel is a fuel that is in a liquid state at room temperature and pressure, or a fuel that can be liquefied at room temperature and pressure.
- fuels in a liquid state at normal temperature and pressure include methanol, ethanol, liquid fuels represented by C n H 2 (m-2n) (m is an integer less than 90, n is an integer less than 30), and these. Mixtures may be mentioned.
- fuels that can be liquefied at room temperature and pressure include propane, butane, and mixtures thereof.
- reaction formula for the reaction that can occur when methanol is synthesized by catalytic hydrogenation of a raw material gas containing carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst is as follows. .
- the above reaction is an equilibrium reaction, and in order to increase both the conversion rate and the reaction rate, it is preferable to carry out the reaction at high temperature and high pressure.
- the reaction temperature is, for example, 180°C or higher, preferably 200°C or higher and 350°C or lower, and more preferably 200°C or higher and 300°C or lower.
- the reaction pressure is, for example, 1 MPa (G) or more, preferably 2.0 MPa (G) or more and 6.0 MPa (G) or less, more preferably 2.5 MPa (G) or more and 4.0 MPa (G) or less. be.
- the liquid fuel is in a gaseous state when it is synthesized, and remains in the gaseous state at least until it flows out of the liquid fuel synthesis section.
- the liquid fuel synthesis section 10 is a so-called membrane reactor for converting raw material gas into liquid fuel.
- the shape of the liquid fuel synthesis section 10 is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, monolithic, flat, tubular, cylindrical, columnar, polygonal columnar, or the like.
- the monolith shape means a shape having a plurality of cells penetrating in the longitudinal direction, and is a concept that includes a honeycomb shape.
- the liquid fuel synthesis unit 10 includes a catalyst 12, a water vapor separation membrane 14, a non-permeation side space 10A, and a permeation side space 10B.
- the water vapor separation membrane 14 is supported by a porous support 16.
- the liquid fuel synthesis unit 10 includes a first supply port s1 and a first discharge port d1 that communicate with each other via the non-permeation side space 10A, and a second supply port s2 and a second discharge port that communicate with each other via the permeation side space 10B. d2 and are provided.
- the liquid fuel synthesis section 10 preferably has heat resistance and pressure resistance suitable for desired liquid fuel synthesis conditions.
- the catalyst 12 advances the conversion reaction from raw material gas to liquid fuel.
- the catalyst is arranged in the non-permeation side space 10A, which is the non-permeation side of the water vapor separation membrane 14.
- the catalyst is preferably filled in the non-permeation side space 10A, but may be arranged on the surface of the water vapor separation membrane 14 in the form of a layer or an island.
- the particle size (diameter) of the catalyst particles can be, for example, 0.5 mm or more and 10 mm or less.
- the catalyst particles may be composed of only the catalyst, or may have a structure in which the catalyst is supported on carrier particles.
- the carrier particles are preferably porous particles.
- any catalyst suitable for the conversion reaction to the desired liquid fuel can be used.
- metal catalysts copper, palladium, etc.
- oxide catalysts zinc oxide, zirconia, gallium oxide, etc.
- composite catalysts of these copper-zinc oxide, copper-zinc oxide-alumina, copper - zinc oxide - chromium oxide - alumina, copper - cobalt - titania, catalysts modified with palladium, etc.
- the water vapor separation membrane 14 allows water vapor, which is a byproduct of the conversion reaction from raw material gas to liquid fuel, to permeate therethrough. Thereby, the reaction equilibrium of the above formula (2) can be shifted to the product side using the equilibrium shift effect.
- the molecular diameter of water (0.26 nm) is close to the molecular diameter of hydrogen (0.296 nm). Therefore, not only water vapor, which is a byproduct of the conversion reaction, but also a portion of hydrogen contained in the raw material gas, etc. can permeate through the water vapor separation membrane 14.
- the water vapor separation membrane 14 has a water vapor permeability coefficient of 100 nmol/(s ⁇ Pa ⁇ m 2 ) or more.
- the water vapor permeability coefficient can be determined by a known method (see Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 40, 163-175 (2001)).
- the water vapor separation membrane 14 has a separation coefficient of 100 or more.
- the larger the separation coefficient the easier it is for water vapor to permeate, and the more difficult it is for components other than water vapor (hydrogen, carbon oxide, oxygen, liquid fuel, etc.) to permeate.
- the separation coefficient can be determined by a known method (see Fig. 1 of "Separation and Purification Technology 239 (2020) 116533").
- An inorganic membrane can be used as the water vapor separation membrane 14.
- Inorganic membranes are preferable because they have heat resistance, pressure resistance, and water vapor resistance.
- Examples of the inorganic membrane include zeolite membranes, silica membranes, alumina membranes, and composite membranes thereof.
- zeolite membranes silica membranes, alumina membranes, and composite membranes thereof.
- an LTA type zeolite membrane in which the molar ratio of silicon element (Si) to aluminum element (Al) (Si/Al) is 1.0 or more and 3.0 or less is suitable because it has excellent water vapor permeability. be.
- the zeolite membrane used as the water vapor separation membrane 14 can be obtained, for example, by the manufacturing method described in JP-A-2004-66188. Further, the silica membrane used as the water vapor separation membrane 14 can be obtained, for example, by the manufacturing method described in International Publication No. 2008/050812 pamphlet.
- the porous support 16 is made of a porous material.
- ceramic materials ceramic materials, metal materials, resin materials, composite members thereof, etc. can be used, and ceramic materials are particularly suitable. Aggregates for ceramic materials include alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), titania (TiO 2 ), mullite (Al 2 O 3 .SiO 2 ), cervene, and cordierite (Mg 2 Al 4 Si 5 O 18 ), and A composite material containing two or more of these materials can be used, and alumina is preferable in consideration of availability, clay stability, and corrosion resistance.
- the inorganic binder of the ceramic material at least one of titania, mullite, easily sinterable alumina, silica, glass frit, clay mineral, and easily sintered cordierite can be used.
- the ceramic material may be free of inorganic binders.
- the average pore diameter of the porous support can be 5 ⁇ m or more and 25 ⁇ m or less.
- the average pore diameter of the porous support can be measured by mercury intrusion method.
- the porosity of the porous support can be 25% or more and 50% or less.
- the average particle diameter of the porous material constituting the porous support can be 1 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle size is the arithmetic mean value of the maximum diameters of 30 measurement target particles (randomly selected) measured by cross-sectional microstructure observation using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
- the non-permeable side space 10A is a space on the non-permeable side of the water vapor separation membrane 14.
- the raw material gas supplied from the raw material gas supply section 20 flows into the non-permeation side space 10A via the first supply port s1.
- Liquid fuel is synthesized from the raw material gas in the catalyst 12, and the generated liquid fuel is discharged from the non-permeated side space 10A through the first discharge port d1 as a non-permeated side gas together with unreacted raw material gas (residual raw material gas). It flows out to the raw material gas circulation section 30.
- the non-permeate side gas contains liquid fuel and residual raw material gas.
- the residual raw material gas further contains acidic by-products in addition to unreacted hydrogen and carbon oxide.
- the acidic by-product means a by-product of the above conversion reaction that acts as a so-called Br ⁇ nsted acid. Examples of acidic by-products include formic acid and methyl formate.
- the permeation side space 10B is a space on the permeation side of the water vapor separation membrane 14.
- the water vapor generated in the conversion reaction and hydrogen in the raw material gas pass through the water vapor separation membrane 14 and flow into the permeation side space 10B.
- the conversion reaction proceeds by supplying the raw material gas, and the gas that has permeated through the water vapor separation membrane from the non-permeation side space 10A to the permeation side space 10B is used for the conversion reaction. Separate the permeate gas, which contains water vapor as a by-product of the process, and the non-permeate gas, which contains liquid fuel, unreacted hydrogen and carbon oxides, and acidic by-products. be able to.
- a sweep gas is supplied to the permeation side space 10B from the sweep gas supply section 40 via the second supply port s2.
- the permeate side gas and the sweep gas flow out from the permeate side space 10B to the raw material gas supply section 20 via the second outlet d2 as exhaust gas.
- the sweep gas supply unit 40 is arranged on the upstream side of the permeation side space 10B.
- the sweep gas supply section 40 is interposed in the sweep gas storage section 42, a sweep gas supply pipe 44 that connects the sweep gas storage section 42 and the second inlet s2 of the liquid fuel synthesis section 10, and the sweep gas supply pipe 44. It has a heating section 46.
- the sweep gas storage section 42 stores sweep gas.
- the sweep gas is heated to a desired temperature (for example, 150° C. or higher and 350° C. or lower) in the heating unit 46 and then supplied to the liquid fuel synthesis unit 10 from the second inlet s2.
- the heating unit 46 is not particularly limited as long as it can heat the sweep gas.
- the sweep gas contains an amine compound, and preferably further contains one or both of hydrogen and carbon oxide.
- the raw material gas is prepared using a mixed gas of exhaust gas containing the sweep gas and residual raw material gas.
- the sweep gas contains the amine compound, the acidic by-products in the residual raw material gas can be neutralized and removed with the amine compound.
- any suitable amine compound can be used as long as the effects of the present invention can be obtained.
- the amino group possessed by the amine compound other than ammonia may be a primary amino group, a secondary amino group, a tertiary amino group, or a combination of two or more thereof.
- an amine compound having a boiling point of 100°C or more and 500°C or less, preferably 170°C or more and 350°C or less is used.
- Such amine compounds can maintain a good gaseous state in the sweep gas.
- amine compounds include ammonia, polyethyleneimine, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, tetraethyleneaminepentamine, methyldiethanolamine, dibutylamine, ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, hexaethylenediamine, benzylamine, N - Aminosilane coupling agents such as (3-aminopropyl)diethanolamine, aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, polyvinylamine, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane, etc. can be mentioned. Amine compounds can be used alone or in combination.
- the concentration of the amine compound in the sweep gas is not limited as long as the effects of the present invention can be obtained.
- the concentration of the amine compound in the sweep gas is, for example, 10 ppm or more from the viewpoint of neutralizing acidic byproducts.
- the upper limit of the amine compound concentration is not particularly limited, but since some catalysts are inhibited by alkali, the concentration may be adjusted as appropriate to prevent deterioration of the catalytic action.
- the amine compound concentration in the sweep gas is the amine compound concentration in the sweep gas at the second supply port s2 of the liquid fuel synthesis section.
- the sweep gas contains hydrogen or carbon oxide as a main component, preferably contains hydrogen as a main component.
- containing hydrogen or carbon oxide as a main component means that the concentration of hydrogen or carbon oxide is the highest in the sweep gas.
- the hydrogen concentration in the sweep gas is, for example, about 50 volume % or more and 90 volume % or less, preferably 65 volume % or more and 80 volume % or less.
- the carbon oxide concentration is, for example, about 10 volume % or more and less than 50 volume %, preferably 20 volume % or more and 35 volume % or less.
- the raw gas circulation unit 30 includes a non-permeate side gas recovery pipe 31, a first condenser 32, a first drain trap 33, a liquid fuel recovery pipe 34, and a raw gas circulation pipe 35. .
- One end of the non-permeate side gas recovery pipe 31 is connected to the first outlet d1 of the liquid fuel synthesis section 10, and the other end is connected to the first condenser 32.
- One end of the raw material gas circulation pipe 35 is connected to the first drain trap 33, and the other end is connected to the raw material gas supply section 20 (more specifically, the mixing section 24).
- the non-permeate gas recovered from the liquid fuel synthesis section 10 via the non-permeate gas recovery pipe 31 is supplied to the first condenser 32, whereby the liquid fuel is condensed (liquefied).
- the liquefied liquid fuel is separated from the remaining raw material gas by the first drain trap 33 and recovered from the liquid fuel recovery pipe 34.
- the non-permeate side gas (in other words, the residual raw material gas) after the liquid fuel is separated contains unreacted hydrogen and carbon oxide as well as a trace amount of acidic byproducts.
- the remaining raw material gas is supplied to the raw material gas supply section 20 (more specifically, the mixing section 24) via the raw material gas circulation pipe 35.
- a purge valve 36 may be provided in the raw material gas circulation pipe 35 as shown in the illustrated example.
- the purge valve 36 is installed at one or more arbitrary positions on the raw material gas circulation pipe 35 and discharges a portion of the remaining raw material gas flowing through the raw material gas circulation pipe 35 to the outside.
- the raw material gas supply unit 20 includes a neutralization raw gas supply pipe 22 , a mixing unit 24 , a water removal unit 26 , and a pressure increase unit 28 .
- the moisture removal section 26 includes a second condenser 26a, a second drain trap 26b, and a moisture recovery pipe 26c.
- One end of the neutralization raw material gas supply pipe 22 is connected to the second outlet d2 of the liquid fuel synthesis section 10, and the other end is connected to the second condenser 26a of the water removal section 26.
- a raw material gas circulation pipe 35 is connected to the neutralization raw material gas supply pipe 22 so as to join upstream of the water removal part 26, and the connection point is the mixing part 24.
- the mixing section may have any configuration as long as it can mix the neutralization raw material gas and the remaining raw material gas.
- a tank (mixing section) is provided upstream of the water removal section 26, and the neutralization raw material gas supply piping 22 and the raw material gas circulation pipe 35 may be independently connected to the tank, and the neutralizing raw material gas and the remaining raw material gas may be mixed inside the tank.
- the exhaust gas (permeation side gas and sweep gas) recovered from the liquid fuel synthesis section 10 via the neutralization raw material gas supply pipe 22 is mixed with the remaining raw material gas upstream of the moisture removal section 26. Ru.
- the acidic by-products contained in the residual raw material gas are neutralized by the amine compounds contained in the exhaust gas (amine compounds derived from the sweep gas).
- the mixed gas of the exhaust gas and residual raw material gas is supplied to the second condenser 26a, the water vapor contained in the exhaust gas (water vapor derived from the permeation side gas) is condensed, and the water vapor generated by the neutralization is condensed. hydrate transfers (dissolves) into condensed water.
- the condensed water containing the neutralized product is separated from the remaining gas components by the second drain trap 26b and recovered (removed) from the moisture recovery pipe 26c.
- the amine compound concentration in the exhaust gas (the amine compound concentration at the second discharge port d2 of the liquid fuel synthesis section) is, for example, 10 ppm or more.
- the upper limit of the amine compound concentration in the exhaust gas is not particularly limited, but since some catalysts are inhibited by alkali, it can be adjusted as appropriate to a concentration that prevents a decrease in catalytic action.
- the gas component is pressurized and heated in the pressure increasing section 28, and then is supplied to the non-permeate side space 10A of the liquid fuel synthesis section 10 as a raw material gas.
- the raw material gas is a residual raw material gas that is recycled and used, and the accumulation of acidic by-products due to an increase in the number of circulations is suppressed.
- hydrogen and/or carbon oxide can be mixed with the gas components after separating the condensed water and the neutralized product to prepare the raw material gas to have a desired composition.
- the source gas contains at least hydrogen and carbon oxide.
- the carbon oxide concentration in the raw material gas is, for example, 10 volume % or more and 40 volume % or less, preferably 20 volume % or more and 30 volume % or less.
- the hydrogen concentration in the raw material gas is, for example, 60 volume % or more and 90 volume % or less, preferably 70 volume % or more and 80 volume % or less.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of a liquid fuel production system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the liquid fuel production system 1B shown in FIG. 2 includes a liquid fuel synthesis section 10, a raw material gas supply section 20, a raw material gas circulation section 30, and a sweep gas supply section 40.
- the sweep gas supply section 40 includes a carbon dioxide recovery section 41, a carbon dioxide supply pipe 43, a hydrogen generation section 45, a hydrogen supply pipe 47, a sweep gas supply pipe 44, and a heating section 46. It differs from the liquid fuel production system 1A shown in FIG. 1 in that it has the following.
- the carbon dioxide recovery unit 41 includes a carbon dioxide adsorbent that adsorbs carbon dioxide by contact with a carbon dioxide-containing gas and desorbs carbon dioxide by heating, reducing pressure, etc., and using the carbon dioxide adsorbent, A gas containing carbon dioxide at a higher concentration than the carbon dioxide-containing gas (carbon dioxide-enriched gas) may be recovered. More specifically, the carbon dioxide recovery unit 41 brings a carbon dioxide-containing gas into contact with a carbon dioxide adsorbent to adsorb carbon dioxide, and then heats and/or reduces the pressure on the carbon dioxide adsorbent to remove carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide enriched gas can be recovered by desorption and suctioning the desorbed carbon dioxide with a pump or the like.
- carbon dioxide capture unit 41 is a carbon dioxide capture facility that utilizes direct air capture (DAC) technology.
- An amine compound is typically used as the carbon dioxide adsorbent. Specific examples of the amine compound are as described above with respect to the sweep gas. Due to the incorporation of carbon dioxide adsorbent during recovery of the carbon dioxide enriched gas, the carbon dioxide enriched gas may contain trace amounts of carbon dioxide adsorbent, ie, amine compounds. The carbon dioxide enriched gas may also contain nitrogen from the atmosphere.
- the carbon dioxide recovery unit 41 may be a carbon dioxide recovery facility that recovers carbon dioxide from biogas using a separation membrane.
- Biogas is a gas generated by fermentation (methane fermentation) using biomass such as food waste, paper waste, and livestock manure as raw materials. The main components of biogas are methane and carbon dioxide, and may further contain trace amounts of nitrogen and the like.
- the hydrogen generation unit 45 is, for example, hydrogen production equipment using water electrolysis technology.
- the carbon dioxide supply pipe 43 connects the carbon dioxide recovery section 41 and the heating section 46, and the hydrogen supply pipe 47 connects the hydrogen generation section 45 and the carbon dioxide supply pipe 43.
- the carbon dioxide concentrated gas supplied from the carbon dioxide recovery section 41 and the hydrogen supplied from the hydrogen generation section 45 are mixed to generate a sweep gas.
- the sweep gas is heated in the heating section 46 and then supplied to the liquid fuel synthesis section 10 via the sweep gas supply piping 44 . That is, carbon dioxide enriched gas is supplied to the raw material gas supply section 10 as a component of the sweep gas (neutralization raw material gas).
- the entire amount of carbon dioxide contained in the sweep gas is derived from carbon dioxide-enriched gas (e.g., carbon dioxide-enriched gas recovered from the atmosphere by a DAC or carbon dioxide-enriched gas recovered from biogas by a separation membrane).
- carbon dioxide-enriched gas e.g., carbon dioxide-enriched gas recovered from the atmosphere by a DAC or carbon dioxide-enriched gas recovered from biogas by a separation membrane.
- carbon dioxide enriched gas can contain trace amounts of amine compounds
- a mixed gas of carbon dioxide enriched gas and hydrogen can be prepared without adding an amine compound separately or with the addition of a very small amount of an amine compound. It can be used as a sweep gas by simply
- the separation membrane that separates water vapor and liquid fuel is not limited to a water vapor separation membrane that allows water vapor to pass through, but a liquid fuel separation membrane that allows at least liquid fuel to pass through can be used.
- the separation membrane that separates water vapor and liquid fuel has a higher selective permeability for one than the other, and as long as the effects of the present invention can be obtained, it is possible to completely separate both water vapor and liquid fuel. It does not need to be separated.
- a liquid fuel separation membrane permeates liquid fuel with higher selectivity than water vapor, but does not completely separate the two.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of a liquid fuel production system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the liquid fuel production system 1C shown in FIG. 3 includes a liquid fuel synthesis section 10 that advances a conversion reaction from a source gas containing at least hydrogen and carbon oxide to liquid fuel; , a raw material gas supply section 20; a raw material gas circulation for resupplying the remaining raw material gas containing unreacted hydrogen and carbon oxide and acidic by-products of the conversion reaction from the liquid fuel synthesis section 10 to the raw material gas supply section 20; 30.
- the liquid fuel synthesis unit 10 has a liquid fuel separation membrane 14a that allows liquid fuel to pass therethrough, and the gas that has passed through the liquid fuel separation membrane 14a from the non-permeation side to the permeation side, the permeation side gas containing at least liquid fuel.
- the liquid fuel separation membrane 14a is separated from the non-permeable side gas, which is a gas that has not passed through the liquid fuel separation membrane 14a and contains by-product water vapor, unreacted hydrogen and carbon oxide, and acidic by-products.
- the liquid fuel production system 1C further includes a sweep gas supply section 40 that supplies gas for sweeping the permeation side gas to the permeation side of the liquid fuel synthesis section 10.
- the raw material gas supply section 20 includes a mixing section 24 that mixes the amine compound and the remaining raw material gas in the presence of water vapor, and a mixing section 24 that removes the neutralized product of the amine compound and the acidic by-product together with the condensed water of the water vapor.
- the sweep gas flowing out from the liquid fuel synthesis section 10 (The acidic by-products in the residual raw material gas can be neutralized with the amine compound by mixing the neutralization raw material gas) with the non-permeate side gas containing by-product steam and residual raw material gas.
- the main points of Modified Example 2 will be explained below. The other details are as described for the liquid fuel production system 1A.
- the liquid fuel synthesis unit 10 includes a catalyst 12, a liquid fuel separation membrane 14a, a non-permeation side space 10A, and a permeation side space 10B.
- the liquid fuel separation membrane 14a may be supported by a porous support 16 as shown in the illustrated example.
- the liquid fuel synthesis unit 10 includes a first supply port s1 and a first discharge port d1 that communicate with each other via the non-permeation side space 10A, and a second supply port s2 and a second discharge port that communicate with each other via the permeation side space 10B. d2 and are provided.
- the separation membrane that selectively permeates liquid fuel for example, the one described in JP-A-2020-23488 can be used.
- the non-permeation side space 10A is a space on the non-permeation side of the liquid fuel separation membrane 14a
- the permeation side space 10B is a space on the permeation side of the liquid fuel separation membrane 14a.
- the raw material gas supplied from the raw material gas supply section 20 flows into the non-permeation side space 10A via the first supply port s1.
- Liquid fuel is synthesized from the raw material gas in the catalyst 12, and the liquid fuel passes through the liquid fuel separation membrane 14a and flows into the permeation side space 10B. Sweep gas is supplied to the permeation side space 10B from the sweep gas supply section 40 via the second supply port s2.
- the permeate side gas and the sweep gas flow out from the permeate side space 10B to the raw material gas supply section 20 via the second outlet d2 as a product gas.
- the residual raw material gas flows out from the non-permeated side space 10A to the raw material gas circulation section 30 through the first outlet d1 as a non-permeated side gas together with by-product water vapor.
- the raw material gas circulation section 30 has a non-permeate side gas recovery pipe 31.
- the non-permeate side gas recovery pipe 31 has one end connected to the first outlet d1 of the liquid fuel synthesis section 10 and the other end connected to the neutralization source gas supply pipe 22, and supplies the non-permeate side gas to the mixing section. 24 can be supplied.
- the source gas supply section 20 includes a neutralization source gas supply pipe 22, a mixing section 24, a moisture removal section 26, a pressure increase section 28, a third condenser 21, a third drain trap 23, It has a liquid fuel recovery pipe 25.
- the product gas recovered from the liquid fuel synthesis section 10 via the neutralization raw material gas supply pipe 22 is separated into liquid fuel and sweep gas by the third condenser 21 and the third drain trap 23. Then, the liquefied liquid fuel is recovered via the liquid fuel recovery pipe 25.
- the sweep gas is sent to the moisture removal section 26 and mixed with the non-permeate side gas (in other words, residual raw material gas and by-product steam) in the mixing section 24 upstream of the moisture removal section 26 .
- the acidic by-products contained in the residual raw material gas are neutralized by the amine compounds contained in the sweep gas.
- the mixed gas of the sweep gas and the non-permeate side gas is supplied to the second condenser 26a, the by-product water vapor derived from the non-permeate side gas is condensed, and the neutralized product generated by the above-mentioned neutralization is Transfers (dissolves) in condensed water.
- the condensed water containing the neutralized product is separated from the remaining gas components by the second drain trap 26b and recovered (removed) from the moisture recovery pipe 26c.
- the permeate gas may contain liquid fuel and by-product water vapor, so the product gas may contain an amine compound. It may contain a sweep gas, liquid fuel and water vapor. Therefore, even if the non-permeate side gas does not contain water vapor, or even if water vapor is separated from the non-permeate side gas, by mixing the product gas after separating the liquid fuel with the remaining raw material gas, water vapor can be removed. Mixing of the amine compound and the residual feedstock gas in the presence of can be performed.
- the water vapor present when the amine compound and the residual raw material gas are mixed is recovered together with the residual raw material gas, and the water vapor contained in the non-permeated side gas and/or Or it can be water vapor recovered as permeate gas and contained in the product gas.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram of a liquid fuel production system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the liquid fuel production system 1D shown in FIG. 4 includes a liquid fuel synthesis section 10a that progresses a conversion reaction from a source gas containing at least hydrogen and carbon oxide to liquid fuel; and a liquid fuel synthesis section 10a that supplies source gas to the liquid fuel synthesis section 10a.
- a gas circulation section 30 is provided.
- the liquid fuel production system 1D further includes a temperature control gas supply section 40a that supplies a temperature control gas for regulating the temperature of the first gas flow path 10A to the liquid fuel synthesis section 10a.
- the raw material gas supply section 20 includes a mixing section 24 that mixes the amine compound and the remaining raw material gas in the presence of water vapor, and a water removal section that removes the neutralized product of the amine compound and acidic by-product together with the condensed water of the water vapor. It has a section 26.
- the temperature control gas flowing out from the liquid fuel synthesis section 10a is converted into residual feedstock gas.
- the acidic by-products in the remaining raw material gas can be neutralized with the amine compound and removed together with the condensed water.
- the liquid fuel synthesis section 10a includes a first gas flow path 10A in which a catalyst 12 for advancing a conversion reaction is disposed, and a second gas flow path through which a temperature control gas that adjusts the temperature of the first gas flow path 10A flows. 10B.
- the first gas flow path 10A and the second gas flow path 10B are vertically divided by the partition wall 18, but the second gas flow path 10B is the first gas flow path 10A. It suffices if the arrangement is such that the temperature can be adjusted.
- the liquid fuel synthesis section can have a double pipe structure, with one of the inner pipe and the outer pipe serving as the first gas flow path and the other serving as the second gas flow path. Partition 18 is typically gas impermeable.
- the raw material gas supplied from the raw material gas supply section 20 flows into the first gas flow path 10A via the first supply port s1.
- Liquid fuel is synthesized from the raw material gas in the catalyst 12, and the generated liquid fuel, together with the remaining raw material gas, is sent as a product gas from the first gas flow path 10A to the raw material gas circulation section 30 via the first discharge port d1. leak.
- the product gas contains liquid fuel, water vapor which is a byproduct of the conversion reaction, and residual feed gas.
- the residual raw material gas further contains acidic by-products in addition to unreacted hydrogen and carbon oxide.
- the temperature control gas supplied from the temperature control gas supply section 40a flows into the second gas flow path 10B via the second supply port s2, and flows out to the raw material gas supply section 20 from the second discharge port d2.
- the temperature-controlled gas supply unit 40a includes a temperature-controlled gas storage unit 42 that stores temperature-controlled gas, and a temperature-controlled gas supply pipe 44 that connects the temperature-controlled gas storage unit 42 and the second inlet s2 of the liquid fuel synthesis unit 10a. and a heating section 46 interposed in the temperature control gas supply pipe 44.
- the temperature control gas is supplied to the liquid fuel synthesis unit 10a in a countercurrent flow to the raw material gas, but it may be supplied in a parallel flow.
- the temperature control gas After the temperature control gas is heated to a desired temperature (for example, 150° C. or higher and 350° C. or lower) in the heating unit 46, it is supplied to the liquid fuel synthesis unit 10a from the second inlet s2.
- the heating unit 46 is not particularly limited as long as it can heat the temperature control gas.
- the temperature control gas contains an amine compound and water vapor, and preferably further contains one or both of hydrogen and carbon oxide.
- the same explanation as for the above sweep gas can be applied to components other than water vapor in the temperature control gas.
- the water vapor dew point in the temperature control gas is, for example, 40°C or more and 150°C or less.
- the raw material gas circulation section 30 includes a product gas recovery pipe 31a, a first condenser 32, a first drain trap 33, a liquid fuel recovery pipe 34, and a raw material gas circulation pipe 35.
- the source gas supply section 20 includes a neutralization source gas supply pipe 22, a mixing section 24, a water removal section 26, and a pressure increase section 28.
- the product gas recovered via the product gas recovery pipe 31a contains liquid fuel, by-product steam, and residual raw material gas containing unreacted hydrogen, carbon oxide, and acidic by-products.
- the product gas is separated into gas and liquid by the first condenser 32 and the first drain trap 33, and the liquefied liquid fuel and water are recovered via the liquid fuel recovery pipe 34, and the remaining raw material gas is used as the raw material gas.
- the raw material gas supply unit 20 (more specifically, the mixing unit 24) is supplied via the circulation pipe 35.
- the liquid fuel and water recovered from the liquid fuel recovery pipe 34 are further separated and recovered as necessary.
- the temperature control gas containing the amine compound and water vapor recovered from the liquid fuel synthesis section 10a via the neutralization source gas supply pipe 22 remains upstream of the moisture removal section 26.
- the acidic by-products contained in the residual raw material gas are neutralized by the amine compounds contained in the temperature control gas, and the neutralized product produced by the neutralization is removed from the moisture removal section 26 together with the condensed water of steam.
- the entire amount of water vapor generated by the conversion reaction may not be recovered in the liquid fuel recovery pipe 34 due to the difference in boiling point from methanol, and a part of the by-product water vapor may be collected via the raw material gas circulation pipe 35. It can be supplied to the mixing section 24. Therefore, even if the temperature control gas does not contain water vapor, the amine compound and the acidic byproduct can be neutralized in the presence of the byproduct water vapor supplied via the raw gas circulation pipe 35.
- the gas component is pressurized and heated in the pressure increasing section 28, and then is supplied as a raw material gas to the first gas flow path 10A of the liquid fuel synthesis section 10a.
- the amine compound used to neutralize the acidic byproduct is ammonia that is generated from the hydrogen and nitrogen in the liquid fuel synthesis section when a raw material gas containing nitrogen in addition to hydrogen and carbon oxide is used. good.
- Ammonia has a small molecular diameter and can easily permeate separation membranes compared to other gases. Therefore, for example, when the liquid fuel synthesis section has a water vapor separation membrane, ammonia generated in the non-permeation side space of the liquid fuel synthesis section passes through the water vapor separation membrane as a permeation side gas together with water vapor, and is swept by the sweep gas. It can flow out from the liquid fuel synthesis section (more specifically, from the outlet d2 of the permeate side space) as exhaust gas.
- the exhaust gas (mixed gas of permeation side gas and sweep gas) contains water vapor and ammonia.
- acidic byproducts in the residual raw material gas can be neutralized using ammonia contained in the permeate gas in the presence of water vapor. can.
- the liquid fuel synthesis section has a liquid fuel separation membrane
- ammonia generated in the non-permeation side space of the liquid fuel synthesis section passes through the liquid fuel separation membrane as a permeation side gas together with the liquid fuel, and is swept by the sweep gas. and can flow out of the liquid fuel synthesis section (more specifically, from the outlet d2 of the permeate side space) as a product gas.
- the product gas (mixture of permeate gas and sweep gas) contains liquid fuel and ammonia.
- the non-permeate side gas flowing out from the discharge port d1 of the non-permeate side space of the liquid fuel synthesis section contains water vapor and residual raw material gas. Therefore, after separating the liquid fuel from the product gas, by supplying it to the mixing section and mixing it with the non-permeate side gas, in the presence of water vapor, the acidic by-products in the remaining raw material gas are converted into ammonia contained in the permeate side gas.
- ammonia generated in the non-permeation side space of the liquid fuel synthesis section permeates through the liquid fuel separation membrane as a permeation side gas along with liquid fuel and water vapor.
- it can be swept out with a sweep gas and exit the liquid fuel synthesis section as product gas. Therefore, even when the non-permeate side gas does not contain water vapor or when water vapor is separated from the non-permeate side gas, it is possible to supply the product gas after separating the liquid fuel and the residual raw material gas to the mixing section.
- the liquid fuel production system of Modification 4 includes a carbon dioxide recovery unit as described in Modification 1, and uses gas containing carbon dioxide recovered from the atmosphere or biogas by the carbon dioxide recovery unit. It may also be configured to prepare the raw material gas. Gas containing carbon dioxide recovered from the atmosphere or biogas can contain a small amount of nitrogen in addition to carbon dioxide, so it can be used as a raw material without adding nitrogen separately or with just a small amount of nitrogen. Gas can be prepared.
- a method for producing liquid fuel according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: Supplying the raw material gas to a liquid fuel synthesis section that includes a catalyst that advances the conversion reaction from the raw material gas containing at least hydrogen and carbon oxide to liquid fuel (Step I); While allowing the conversion reaction to proceed, recovering the remaining raw material gas containing the unreacted hydrogen, the carbon oxide, and the acidic by-products from the liquid fuel synthesis section (step II); Removing the acidic by-product from the residual raw material gas (Step III); and Re-supplying the residual raw material gas after removing the acidic by-product to the liquid fuel synthesis section as part of the raw material gas ( Step IV), including.
- removing acidic byproducts from residual raw material gas involves mixing an amine compound and residual raw material gas in the presence of water vapor to remove acidic byproducts in residual raw material gas from the above amine compound. This is done by neutralizing the The neutralized product produced by the neutralization is removed together with the water vapor condensate.
- the gas after removing condensed water and neutralized products from these mixed gases is supplied to the liquid fuel synthesis section as a component of the raw material gas.
- the concentration of acidic byproducts in the raw material gas gradually increases as the number of circulation increases, and the concentration of acidic byproducts in the raw material gas increases. This may result in reduced yield and corrosion of the liquid fuel production system.
- the liquid fuel manufacturing method according to the embodiment of the present invention by mixing the amine compound with the residual raw material gas, the acidic by-products can be neutralized and removed with the amine compound, and the mixed gas after removal is By using this as a component of the raw material gas, the problem of concentration of acidic by-products can be prevented.
- the liquid fuel manufacturing method according to the embodiment of the present invention can be suitably performed using the liquid fuel manufacturing system described in Section A.
- a liquid fuel production system 1A in which the liquid fuel synthesis section includes a water vapor separation membrane and uses a sweep gas containing an amine compound as a raw material gas for neutralization will be described.
- Liquid fuel production methods according to the configuration include a liquid fuel production system in which the liquid fuel synthesis section includes a liquid fuel separation membrane, a liquid fuel production system that includes a separation membrane and uses a raw material gas containing nitrogen in addition to carbon oxide and hydrogen, etc. It can also be carried out according to the description in Section A.
- the liquid fuel production system 1A when using the liquid fuel production system 1D to use the temperature control gas after flowing through the liquid fuel synthesis section in order to adjust the reaction temperature of the conversion reaction as the raw material gas for neutralization, the liquid fuel production system 1A can also be used.
- the liquid fuel manufacturing method according to the embodiment of the present invention can be carried out in the same way as when using the liquid fuel. For example, a temperature-controlled gas containing an amine compound and water vapor can be passed through the liquid fuel synthesis section, and the temperature-controlled gas after passing through the liquid fuel synthesis section can be used to neutralize and remove acidic byproducts. .
- a raw material gas is supplied to a liquid fuel synthesis section that includes a catalyst that promotes a conversion reaction from a raw material gas containing at least hydrogen and carbon oxide to liquid fuel, and a water vapor separation membrane that allows water vapor to pass therethrough.
- the liquid fuel synthesis unit 10 includes a catalyst 12, a water vapor separation membrane 14, a non-permeation side space 10A, and a permeation side space 10B.
- the raw material gas is supplied to the non-permeation side space 10A of the liquid fuel synthesis section 10 from the first inlet s1.
- the raw material gas contains at least hydrogen and carbon oxide.
- concentrations of hydrogen and carbon oxide in the raw material gas are as described above.
- concentration of acidic byproducts in the raw material gas is preferably as low as possible, for example, 30 ppm or less, preferably 20 ppm or less.
- step II while the conversion reaction is allowed to proceed, residual raw material gas containing unreacted hydrogen, carbon oxide, and acidic by-products is recovered from the liquid fuel synthesis section.
- the conversion reaction proceeds in catalyst 12, thereby producing liquid fuel and water vapor.
- methanol and water vapor are generated by catalytically hydrogenating a raw material gas containing CO 2 and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst.
- a trace amount of acidic components are produced as byproducts other than water vapor.
- the reaction conditions are as described in Section A.
- the liquid fuel generated in the non-permeation side space 10A flows out to the non-permeation side gas recovery piping 31 through the first outlet d1 together with the residual raw material gas containing unreacted hydrogen, carbon oxide, and acidic by-products.
- the remaining raw material gas is separated into gas and liquid by the first condenser 32 and the first drain trap 33.
- the liquid fuel is recovered from the liquid fuel recovery pipe 34, and the remaining raw material gas is recovered from the raw material gas circulation pipe 35.
- step III acidic byproducts are removed from the residual raw material gas.
- the liquid fuel production system 1A is configured to prepare the raw material gas by mixing the sweep gas and residual raw material gas that are separately collected from the liquid fuel synthesis section 10, so that the sweep gas containing the amine compound can be mixed with the residual raw material gas.
- acidic by-products contained in the remaining raw material gas can be removed by neutralization with the amine compound. Specifically, it is as follows.
- the water vapor generated in the non-permeation side space 10A and a part of the hydrogen in the raw material gas permeate the water vapor separation membrane 14 and flow into the permeation side space 10B.
- a sweep gas containing an amine compound and optionally hydrogen and/or carbon oxide flows into the permeation side space 10B from the second inlet s2.
- the water vapor and hydrogen that have flowed into the permeation side space 10B are swept by the sweep gas and flow out as exhaust gas to the neutralization raw material gas supply pipe (exhaust gas recovery pipe) 22 via the second outlet d2.
- the raw material gas circulation pipe 35 joins the neutralizing raw material gas supply pipe 22 at the mixing section 24, so that the exhaust gas and the remaining raw material gas are mixed.
- the acidic by-products derived from the residual raw material gas are neutralized with the amine compounds derived from the sweep gas contained in the exhaust gas.
- the mixed gas of the exhaust gas and residual raw material gas passes through the second condenser 26a and the second drain trap 26b in this order, during which water vapor is condensed and separated into gas and liquid, and is recovered (removed) from the moisture recovery pipe 26c.
- Ru the neutralized product produced by the neutralization is dissolved in the condensed water and removed together with the condensed water from the moisture recovery pipe 26c.
- step IV the remaining raw material gas after removing the acidic by-products is re-supplied to the liquid fuel synthesis section as part of the raw material gas.
- the mixed gas from which moisture has been removed in step III is used as a raw material gas, and after being adjusted to a desired temperature and pressure in the pressure increasing section 28, it is supplied to the liquid fuel synthesis section 10.
- hydrogen and/or carbon oxide may be mixed into the mixed gas from which moisture has been removed in step III to prepare the raw material gas to a desired composition.
- the liquid fuel production system according to the embodiment of the present invention can be suitably used for producing liquid fuel such as methanol.
- Liquid fuel production system 10 Liquid fuel synthesis section 20 Raw material gas supply section 30 Raw material gas circulation section 40 Sweep gas supply section
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Abstract
Description
[2]上記[1]に記載の液体燃料製造システムは、前記混合部において、前記アミン化合物を含有する中和用原料ガスと、前記残原料ガスと、を混合してもよい。
[3]上記[1]に記載の液体燃料製造システムにおいて、前記原料ガスが、窒素をさらに含有し、前記アミン化合物が、前記液体燃料合成部において前記水素と前記窒素とから生成されたアンモニアであってよい。
[4]上記[2]に記載の液体燃料製造システムは、大気またはバイオガスから二酸化炭素を回収する、ガス回収部をさらに備え、前記ガス回収部から供給される二酸化炭素を含有するガスが、前記中和用原料ガスの構成成分として用いられてよい。
[5]上記[2]または[4]に記載の液体燃料製造システムにおいて、前記液体燃料合成部が、少なくとも水蒸気を透過させる水蒸気分離膜を有し、非透過側から透過側に前記水蒸気分離膜を透過したガスであって、前記転化反応の副生物である水蒸気を含有する透過側ガスと、前記水蒸気分離膜を透過しなかったガスであって、前記液体燃料、未反応の前記水素および前記酸化炭素、ならびに前記酸性副生物を含有する非透過側ガスと、を分離してよく、また、上記液体燃料製造システムは、前記透過側ガスを掃引するガスであって、アミン化合物を含有する掃引ガスを、前記液体燃料合成部の前記透過側に供給する、掃引ガス供給部をさらに備えてよく、前記液体燃料合成部から流出した前記透過側ガスおよび前記掃引ガスが、前記混合部に供給されてよい。
[6]上記[5]に記載の液体燃料製造システムにおいて、前記掃引ガスが、酸化炭素および/または水素をさらに含有してよい。
[7]上記[5]または[6]に記載の液体燃料製造システムにおいて、前記掃引ガスにおける前記アミン化合物濃度が、10ppm以上であってよい。
[8]上記[3]に記載の液体燃料製造システムにおいて、前記液体燃料合成部が、少なくとも水蒸気およびアンモニアを透過させる水蒸気分離膜を有し、非透過側から透過側に前記水蒸気分離膜を透過したガスであって、前記転化反応の副生物である水蒸気および前記アンモニアを含有する透過側ガスと、前記水蒸気分離膜を透過しなかったガスであって、前記液体燃料、未反応の前記水素および前記酸化炭素、ならびに前記酸性副生物を含有する非透過側ガスと、を分離してよく、また、上記液体燃料製造システムは、前記透過側ガスを掃引する掃引ガスを、前記液体燃料合成部の前記透過側に供給する、掃引ガス供給部をさらに備えてよく、前記液体燃料合成部から流出した前記透過側ガスおよび前記掃引ガスが、前記混合部に供給されてよい。
[9]上記[8]に記載の液体燃料製造システムにおいて、前記透過側ガスおよび前記掃引ガスの混合ガスにおける前記アンモニア濃度が、10ppm以上であってよい。
[10]上記[2]または[4]に記載の液体燃料製造システムにおいて、
前記液体燃料合成部が、少なくとも液体燃料を透過させる液体燃料分離膜を有し、非透過側から透過側に前記液体燃料分離膜を透過したガスであって、前記液体燃料を含有する透過側ガスと、前記液体燃料分離膜を透過しなかったガスであって、前記転化反応の副生物である水蒸気、未反応の前記水素および前記酸化炭素、ならびに前記酸性副生物を含有する非透過側ガスと、を分離してよく、また、上記液体燃料製造システムは、前記透過側ガスを掃引するガスであって、アミン化合物を含有する掃引ガスを、前記液体燃料合成部の前記透過側に供給する、掃引ガス供給部をさらに備えてよく、前記液体燃料合成部から流出した前記掃引ガスが、前記混合部に供給されてよい。
[11]上記[10]に記載の液体燃料製造システムにおいて、前記掃引ガスが、酸化炭素および/または水素をさらに含有してよい。
[12]上記[10]または[11]に記載の液体燃料製造システムにおいて、前記掃引ガスにおける前記アミン化合物濃度が、10ppm以上であってよい。
[13]上記[3]に記載の液体燃料製造システムにおいて、前記液体燃料合成部が、少なくとも液体燃料およびアンモニアを透過させる液体燃料分離膜を有し、非透過側から透過側に前記液体燃料分離膜を透過したガスであって、前記液体燃料および前記アンモニアを含有する透過側ガスと、前記液体燃料分離膜を透過しなかったガスであって、前記転化反応の副生物である水蒸気、未反応の前記水素および前記酸化炭素、ならびに前記酸性副生物を含有する非透過側ガスと、を分離してよく、また、上記液体燃料製造システムは、前記透過側ガスを掃引する掃引ガスを、前記液体燃料合成部の前記透過側に供給する、掃引ガス供給部をさらに備えてよく、前記液体燃料合成部から流出した前記透過側ガスおよび前記掃引ガスが、前記混合部に供給されてよい。
[14]上記[13]に記載の液体燃料製造システムにおいて、前記透過側ガスおよび前記掃引ガスの混合ガスにおける前記アンモニア濃度が、10ppm以上であってよい。
[15]上記[2]に記載の液体燃料製造システムにおいて、前記液体燃料合成部が、前記転化反応を進行させる触媒が配置された第1のガス流路と前記第1のガス流路の温度を調節する温調ガスが流通する第2のガス流路とを有してよく、また、前記液体燃料製造システムは、アミン化合物を含有する温調ガスを、前記液体燃料合成部の前記第2のガス流路に供給する、温調ガス供給部をさらに備えてよく、前記液体燃料合成部から流出した前記温調ガスが、前記混合部に供給されてよい。
[16]上記[15]に記載の液体燃料製造システムにおいて、前記温調ガスが、酸化炭素および/または水素をさらに含有してよい。
[17]上記[15]に記載の液体燃料製造システムにおいて、前記温調ガスにおける前記アミン化合物濃度が、10ppm以上であってよい。
[18]本発明の別の局面によれば、少なくとも水素および酸化炭素を含有する原料ガスから液体燃料への転化反応を進行させる触媒を含む液体燃料合成部に、前記原料ガスを供給すること;前記転化反応を進行させるとともに、未反応の前記水素および前記酸化炭素ならびに酸性副生物を含有する残原料ガスを前記液体燃料合成部から回収すること;前記残原料ガスから前記酸性副生物を除去すること;および前記酸性副生物を除去後の前記残原料ガスを前記原料ガスの一部として前記液体燃料合成部に再供給すること;を含む、液体燃料の製造方法であって、前記残原料ガスから前記酸性副生物を除去することが、水蒸気の存在下で、アミン化合物と、前記残原料ガスと、を混合して前記酸性副生物を前記アミン化合物で中和すること、を含む、液体燃料の製造方法が提供される。
[19]上記[18]に記載の液体燃料の製造方法において、前記残原料ガスから前記酸性副生物を除去することが、前記液体燃料合成部に供給され、前記液体燃料合成部を流通した後の前記アミン化合物を含有する中和用原料ガスと、前記残原料ガスと、を混合することを含んでよい。
[20]上記[18]に記載の液体燃料の製造方法において、前記原料ガスが、窒素をさらに含有してよく、前記アミン化合物が、前記液体燃料合成部において前記水素と前記窒素とから生成されたアンモニアであってよい。
[21]上記[19]に記載の液体燃料の製造方法において、前記中和用原料ガスが、大気またはバイオガスから回収された二酸化炭素を含有するガスを用いて調製されてよい。
[22]上記[19]または[21]に記載の液体燃料の製造方法において、前記液体燃料合成部が、少なくとも水蒸気を透過させる水蒸気分離膜を有してよく、前記転化反応の副生物である水蒸気を前記水蒸気分離膜の非透過側から透過側に透過させ、前記アミン化合物を含有する掃引ガスで掃引し、前記液体燃料合成部から排ガスとして回収してよく、前記排ガスと前記残原料ガスとを混合して、前記残原料ガス中の前記酸性副生物を前記アミン化合物で中和してよい。
[23]上記[19]または[21]に記載の液体燃料の製造方法において、前記液体燃料合成部が、少なくとも液体燃料を透過させる液体燃料分離膜を有してよく、前記液体燃料を前記液体燃料分離膜の非透過側から透過側に透過させ、前記アミン化合物を含有する掃引ガスで掃引し、前記液体燃料合成部から生成物ガスとして回収するとともに、前記転化反応の副生物である水蒸気を回収し、前記生成物ガスを、前記液体燃料と前記掃引ガスとに分離してよく、前記掃引ガスと前記残原料ガスと前記水蒸気とを混合して、前記残原料ガス中の前記酸性副生物を前記アミン化合物で中和してよい。
[24]上記[19]または[21]に記載の液体燃料の製造方法において、前記転化反応の反応温度を調整するための前記アミン化合物を含有する温調ガスを前記液体燃料合成部に流通させ、前記液体燃料合成部を流通した後の前記温調ガスと前記残原料ガスとを混合して、前記残原料ガス中の前記酸性副生物を前記アミン化合物で中和してよい。
[25]上記[20]に記載の液体燃料の製造方法において、前記液体燃料合成部が、少なくとも水蒸気およびアンモニアを透過させる水蒸気分離膜を有してよく、前記転化反応の副生物である水蒸気および前記アンモニアを前記水蒸気分離膜の非透過側から透過側に透過させ、掃引ガスで掃引して、前記液体燃料合成部から排ガスとして回収してよく、前記排ガスと前記残原料ガスとを混合して、前記残原料ガス中の前記酸性副生物を前記アンモニアで中和してよい。
[26]上記[20]に記載の液体燃料の製造方法において、前記液体燃料合成部が、少なくとも液体燃料およびアンモニアを透過させる液体燃料分離膜を有してよく、前記液体燃料および前記アンモニアを前記液体燃料分離膜の非透過側から透過側に透過させ、掃引ガスで掃引して、前記液体燃料合成部から生成物ガスとして回収するとともに、前記転化反応の副生物である水蒸気を前記残原料ガスとともに回収してよく、前記生成物ガスから前記液体燃料を分離し、次いで、前記残原料ガスおよび前記水蒸気と混合して、前記残原料ガス中の前記酸性副生物を前記アンモニアで中和してよい。
本発明の実施形態による液体燃料製造システムは、
少なくとも水素および酸化炭素を含有する原料ガスから液体燃料への転化反応を進行させる、液体燃料合成部と;
上記液体燃料合成部に上記原料ガスを供給する、原料ガス供給部と;
上記液体燃料合成部から未反応の上記水素および上記酸化炭素と上記転化反応の酸性副生物とを含有する残原料ガスを上記原料ガス供給部に再供給する、原料ガス循環部と;
を備え、
上記原料ガス供給部が、
水蒸気の存在下で、アミン化合物と、上記残原料ガスと、を混合する、混合部と、
上記アミン化合物と上記酸性副生物との中和物を上記水蒸気の凝縮水とともに除去する水分除去部と、
を有する。
本発明の実施形態による液体燃料製造システムによれば、水蒸気の存在下で、残原料ガスに含有される酸性副生物をアミン化合物で中和し、生じた中和物を水蒸気(中和物除去用水蒸気とも称する)の凝縮水とともに除去することができる。
1つの実施形態において、液体燃料合成部は、上記液体燃料と上記転化反応の副生物である水蒸気(副生水蒸気とも称する)とを分離する分離膜を有する。
図1に示す液体燃料製造システム1Aは、少なくとも水素および酸化炭素を含有する原料ガスから液体燃料への転化反応を進行させる、液体燃料合成部10と;液体燃料合成部10に原料ガスを供給する、原料ガス供給部20と;液体燃料合成部10から未反応の水素および酸化炭素と上記転化反応の酸性副生物とを含有する残原料ガスを原料ガス供給部20に再供給する、原料ガス循環部30と、を備える。
液体燃料合成部10は、水蒸気を透過させる水蒸気分離膜14を有し、非透過側から透過側に水蒸気分離膜14を透過したガスであって、上記転化反応の副生物である水蒸気を含有する透過側ガスと、水蒸気分離膜14を透過しなかったガスであって、液体燃料、未反応の水素および酸化炭素、ならびに酸性副生物を含有する非透過側ガスと、を分離する。
液体燃料製造システム1Aは、透過側ガスを掃引するガスを液体燃料合成部10に供給する、掃引ガス供給部40をさらに備える。
原料ガス供給部20は、水蒸気の存在下で、アミン化合物と、残原料ガスと、を混合する、混合部24と、アミン化合物と酸性副生物との中和物を水蒸気の凝縮水とともに除去する水分除去部26と、を有する。
液体燃料製造システム1Aによれば、掃引ガスとして、アミン化合物を含有するガス(中和用原料ガス)を用いることにより、液体燃料合成部10から流出する掃引ガス(中和用原料ガス)と、透過側ガスに含有される水蒸気と、非透過側ガスに含有される残原料ガスとを混合し、これにより、水蒸気の存在下で、残原料ガス中の酸性副生物をアミン化合物で中和することができる。
CO2+3H2 ⇔ CH3OH+H2O (2)
CO2+H2 ⇔ CO+H2O (3)
液体燃料合成部10は、原料ガスを液体燃料へ転化させるための所謂メンブレンリアクタである。液体燃料合成部10の形状は特に限られないが、例えばモノリス形状、平板状、管状、円筒状、円柱状、多角柱状などとすることができる。モノリス形状とは、長手方向に貫通した複数のセルを有する形状を意味し、ハニカム形状を含む概念である。
掃引ガス供給部40は、透過側空間10Bの上流側に配置される。掃引ガス供給部40は、掃引ガス貯留部42と、掃引ガス貯留部42と液体燃料合成部10の第2流入口s2とを接続する掃引ガス供給配管44と、掃引ガス供給配管44に介在する加熱部46と、を有する。
原料ガス循環部30は、非透過側ガス回収配管31と、第1凝縮器32と、第1ドレントラップ33と、液体燃料回収配管34と、原料ガス循環配管35と、を有する。非透過側ガス回収配管31は、一端が液体燃料合成部10の第1流出口d1に接続され、他端が第1凝縮器32に接続されている。原料ガス循環配管35は、一端が第1ドレントラップ33に接続され、他端が原料ガス供給部20(より具体的には、混合部24)に接続されている。
原料ガス供給部20は、中和用原料ガス供給配管22と、混合部24と、水分除去部26と、増圧部28と、を有する。水分除去部26は、第2凝縮器26aと、第2ドレントラップ26bと、水分回収配管26cとを有する。中和用原料ガス供給配管22は、一端が液体燃料合成部10の第2流出口d2に接続され、他端が水分除去部26の第2凝縮器26aに接続されている。また、中和用原料ガス供給配管22には、水分除去部26の上流で原料ガス循環配管35が合流するように接続しており、当該接続箇所が混合部24とされている。なお、混合部は中和用原料ガスと残原料ガスとを混合可能な構成であればよく、例えば、水分除去部26の上流にタンク(混合部)を設け、中和用原料ガス供給配管22と原料ガス循環配管35とを独立して当該タンクに接続し、タンク内部で中和用原料ガスと残原料ガスとを混合してもよい。
図2は、本発明の別の実施形態に係る液体燃料製造システムの概略構成図である。
図2に示す液体燃料製造システム1Bは、液体燃料合成部10と、原料ガス供給部20と、原料ガス循環部30と、掃引ガス供給部40と、を備えている。液体燃料製造システム1Bは、掃引ガス供給部40が、二酸化炭素回収部41と、二酸化炭素供給配管43と、水素生成部45と、水素供給配管47と、掃引ガス供給配管44と、加熱部46と、を有する点において、図1に示す液体燃料製造システム1Aと異なっている。
また例えば、二酸化炭素回収部41は、分離膜を用いてバイオガスから二酸化炭素を回収する二酸化炭素回収設備であり得る。バイオガスは、生ごみ、紙ごみ、家畜ふん尿などのバイオマスを原料として、発酵(メタン発酵)により、発生するガスである。バイオガスの主成分は、メタンおよび二酸化炭素であり、微量の窒素等をさらに含有し得る。
水蒸気と液体燃料とを分離する分離膜は、水蒸気を透過する水蒸気分離膜に限定されず、少なくとも液体燃料を透過する液体燃料分離膜を用いることができる。なお、本発明において、水蒸気と液体燃料とを分離する分離膜としては、一方に対して他方よりも高い選択透過性を有するものであり、本発明の効果が得られる限りにおいて、両者を完全に分離するものでなくてもよい。例えば、液体燃料分離膜は、液体燃料を水蒸気より高い選択性で透過するものであり、両者を完全に分離するものではない。
図3は、本発明の別の実施形態に係る液体燃料製造システムの概略構成図である。
図3に示す液体燃料製造システム1Cは、少なくとも水素および酸化炭素を含有する原料ガスから液体燃料への転化反応を進行させる、液体燃料合成部10と;液体燃料合成部10に原料ガスを供給する、原料ガス供給部20と;液体燃料合成部10から未反応の水素および酸化炭素と上記転化反応の酸性副生物とを含有する残原料ガスを原料ガス供給部20に再供給する、原料ガス循環部30と、を備える。
液体燃料合成部10は、液体燃料を透過させる液体燃料分離膜14aを有し、非透過側から透過側に液体燃料分離膜14aを透過したガスであって、少なくとも液体燃料を含有する透過側ガスと、液体燃料分離膜14aを透過しなかったガスであって、副生水蒸気、未反応の水素および酸化炭素、ならびに酸性副生物を含有する非透過側ガスと、を分離する。
液体燃料製造システム1Cは、透過側ガスを掃引するガスを液体燃料合成部10の透過側に供給する、掃引ガス供給部40をさらに備える。
原料ガス供給部20は、水蒸気の存在下で、アミン化合物と、残原料ガスと、を混合する、混合部24と、アミン化合物と酸性副生物との中和物を水蒸気の凝縮水とともに除去する水分除去部26と、を有する
液体燃料製造システム1Cによれば、掃引ガスとして、アミン化合物を含有するガス(中和用原料ガス)を用いることにより、液体燃料合成部10から流出する掃引ガス(中和用原料ガス)と副生水蒸気および残原料ガスを含有する非透過側ガスとを混合して、残原料ガス中の酸性副生物をアミン化合物で中和することができる。以下、変形例2の要点について説明する。その他に関しては、液体燃料製造システム1Aに関して説明したとおりである。
図4は、本発明の別の実施形態に係る液体燃料製造システムの概略構成図である。
図4に示す液体燃料製造システム1Dは、少なくとも水素および酸化炭素を含有する原料ガスから液体燃料への転化反応を進行させる、液体燃料合成部10aと;液体燃料合成部10aに原料ガスを供給する、原料ガス供給部20と;液体燃料合成部10aから未反応の水素および酸化炭素と上記転化反応の酸性副生物とを含有する残原料ガスを回収し、原料ガス供給部20に供給する、原料ガス循環部30と、を備える。
液体燃料製造システム1Dは、第1のガス流路10Aの温度を調節する温調ガスを液体燃料合成部10aに供給する、温調ガス供給部40aをさらに備える。
原料ガス供給部20は、水蒸気の存在下で、アミン化合物と残原料ガスとを混合する、混合部24と、アミン化合物と酸性副生物との中和物を水蒸気の凝縮水とともに除去する水分除去部26と、を有する。
液体燃料製造システム1Dによれば、温調ガスとして、水蒸気およびアミン化合物を含有するガス(中和用原料ガス)を用いることにより、液体燃料合成部10aから流出する温調ガスを残原料ガスとを混合して、残原料ガス中の酸性副生物をアミン化合物で中和し、凝縮水とともに除去することができる。
上記酸性副生物の中和に用いられるアミン化合物は、水素および酸化炭素に加えて窒素を含有する原料ガスを用いた際に、液体燃料合成部において上記水素と窒素とから生成するアンモニアであってよい。アンモニアは分子径が小さく、他のガスに比較して分離膜を透過しやすい。よって、例えば、液体燃料合成部が水蒸気分離膜を有する場合、液体燃料合成部の非透過側空間で生成したアンモニアは、水蒸気とともに透過側ガスとして水蒸気分離膜を透過し、掃引ガスで掃引されて液体燃料合成部から(より具体的には、透過側空間の排出口d2から)排ガスとして流出し得る。よって、排ガス(透過側ガスと掃引ガスの混合ガス)は、水蒸気とアンモニアとを含有する。このような排ガスを混合部に供給して残原料ガスと混合することにより、水蒸気の存在下で、残原料ガス中の酸性副生物を透過側ガスに含まれるアンモニアを用いて中和することができる。また例えば、液体燃料合成部が液体燃料分離膜を有する場合、液体燃料合成部の非透過側空間で生成したアンモニアは、液体燃料とともに透過側ガスとして液体燃料分離膜を透過し、掃引ガスで掃引されて液体燃料合成部から(より具体的には、透過側空間の排出口d2から)生成物ガスとして流出し得る。よって、生成物ガス(透過側ガスと掃引ガスの混合ガス)は、液体燃料とアンモニアとを含有する。また、液体燃料合成部の非透過側空間の排出口d1から流出した非透過側ガスは水蒸気と残原料ガスとを含有する。よって、生成物ガスから液体燃料を分離後に、混合部に供給して非透過側ガスと混合することにより、水蒸気の存在下で、残原料ガス中の酸性副生物を透過側ガスに含まれるアンモニアを用いて中和することができる。また、液体燃料と水蒸気とを完全に分離しない液体燃料分離膜によれば、液体燃料合成部の非透過側空間で生成したアンモニアは、液体燃料および水蒸気とともに透過側ガスとして液体燃料分離膜を透過し、掃引ガスで掃引されて液体燃料合成部から生成物ガスとして流出し得る。よって、非透過側ガスが水蒸気を含まない場合や非透過側ガスから水蒸気が分離される場合であっても、液体燃料を分離後の生成物ガスと残原料ガスとを混合部に供給して混合することにより、水蒸気の存在下で、残原料ガス中の酸性副生物を透過側ガスに含まれるアンモニアを用いて中和することができる。
上記排ガスまたは生成物ガスにおけるアンモニア濃度は、例えば10ppm以上、また例えば10000ppm未満である。なお、当該アンモニア濃度は、液体燃料合成部の排出口d2における濃度であり、排ガスまたは生成物ガス中、凝縮性成分を除いて算出される濃度である。
また、変形例4の液体燃料製造システムは、変形例1に記載されるような二酸化炭素回収部を備え、当該二酸化炭素回収部によって大気またはバイオガスから回収された二酸化炭素を含有するガスを用いて原料ガスを調製するように構成されていてもよい。大気またはバイオガスから回収された二酸化炭素を含有するガスは、二酸化炭素に加えて少量の窒素を含有し得ることから、窒素を別途添加することなく、あるいは、少量の窒素を添加するのみで原料ガスを調製することができる。
本発明の実施形態による液体燃料の製造方法は、
少なくとも水素および酸化炭素を含有する原料ガスから液体燃料への転化反応を進行させる触媒を含む液体燃料合成部に、上記原料ガスを供給すること(工程I);
上記転化反応を進行させるとともに、未反応の上記水素および上記酸化炭素ならびに酸性副生物を含有する残原料ガスを上記液体燃料合成部から回収すること(工程II);
上記残原料ガスから上記酸性副生物を除去すること(工程III);および
上記酸性副生物を除去後の上記残原料ガスを上記原料ガスの一部として上記液体燃料合成部に再供給すること(工程IV)、
を含む。
代表的には、残原料ガスから酸性副生物を除去することが、水蒸気の存在下で、アミン化合物と、残原料ガスと、を混合して、残原料ガス中の酸性副生物を上記アミン化合物で中和することによって行われる。中和により生成した中和物は、水蒸気の凝縮水とともに除去される。好ましくは、これらの混合ガスから凝縮水と中和物を除去した後のガスが原料ガスの構成成分として液体燃料合成部に供給される。
工程Iにおいては、少なくとも水素および酸化炭素を含有する原料ガスから液体燃料への転化反応を進行させる触媒と水蒸気を透過させる水蒸気分離膜とを含む液体燃料合成部に、原料ガスを供給する。A項で記載したとおり、液体燃料合成部10は、触媒12と、水蒸気分離膜14と、非透過側空間10Aと、透過側空間10Bと、を有する。原料ガスは、第1流入口s1から液体燃料合成部10の非透過側空間10Aに供給される。
工程IIにおいては、上記転化反応を進行させるとともに、未反応の水素および酸化炭素ならびに酸性副生物を含有する残原料ガスを液体燃料合成部から回収する。
工程IIIにおいては、上記残原料ガスから酸性副生物を除去する。
液体燃料製造システム1Aは、液体燃料合成部10からそれぞれ別途に回収された掃引ガスと残原料ガスとを混合して原料ガスを調製するように構成されていることから、アミン化合物を含む掃引ガスを用いることで、残原料ガスに含有される酸性副生物を当該アミン化合物との中和により除去することができる。具体的には、以下のとおりである。
工程IVにおいては、酸性副生物を除去後の残原料ガスを原料ガスの一部として液体燃料合成部に再供給する。具体的には、工程IIIで水分を除去した後の混合ガスを原料ガスとして増圧部28で所望の温度および圧力に調整後、液体燃料合成部10に供給する。上述のとおり、必要に応じて、工程IIIで水分を除去した後の混合ガスに、水素および/または酸化炭素を混合して原料ガスを所望の組成に調製してもよい。
10 液体燃料合成部
20 原料ガス供給部
30 原料ガス循環部
40 掃引ガス供給部
Claims (26)
- 少なくとも水素および酸化炭素を含有する原料ガスから液体燃料への転化反応を進行させる、液体燃料合成部と;
前記液体燃料合成部に前記原料ガスを供給する、原料ガス供給部と;
前記液体燃料合成部から未反応の前記水素および前記酸化炭素と前記転化反応の酸性副生物とを含有する残原料ガスを前記原料ガス供給部に再供給する、原料ガス循環部と;
を備え、
前記原料ガス供給部が、
水蒸気の存在下で、アミン化合物と、前記残原料ガスと、を混合する、混合部と、
前記アミン化合物と前記酸性副生物との中和物を前記水蒸気の凝縮水とともに除去する水分除去部と、を有する、
液体燃料製造システム。 - 前記混合部において、前記アミン化合物を含有する中和用原料ガスと、前記残原料ガスと、を混合する、請求項1に記載の液体燃料製造システム。
- 前記原料ガスが、窒素をさらに含有し、
前記アミン化合物が、前記液体燃料合成部において前記水素と前記窒素とから生成されたアンモニアである、請求項1に記載の液体燃料製造システム。 - 大気またはバイオガスから二酸化炭素を回収する、ガス回収部をさらに備え、
前記ガス回収部から供給される二酸化炭素を含有するガスが、前記中和用原料ガスの構成成分として用いられる、請求項2に記載の液体燃料製造システム。 - 前記液体燃料合成部が、少なくとも水蒸気を透過させる水蒸気分離膜を有し、非透過側から透過側に前記水蒸気分離膜を透過したガスであって、前記転化反応の副生物である水蒸気を含有する透過側ガスと、前記水蒸気分離膜を透過しなかったガスであって、前記液体燃料、未反応の前記水素および前記酸化炭素、ならびに前記酸性副生物を含有する非透過側ガスと、を分離し、
前記透過側ガスを掃引するガスであって、アミン化合物を含有する掃引ガスを、前記液体燃料合成部の前記透過側に供給する、掃引ガス供給部をさらに備え、
前記液体燃料合成部から流出した前記透過側ガスおよび前記掃引ガスが、前記混合部に供給される、請求項2に記載の液体燃料製造システム。 - 前記掃引ガスが、酸化炭素および/または水素をさらに含有する、請求項5に記載の液体燃料製造システム。
- 前記掃引ガスにおける前記アミン化合物濃度が、10ppm以上である、請求項5に記載の液体燃料製造システム。
- 前記液体燃料合成部が、少なくとも水蒸気およびアンモニアを透過させる水蒸気分離膜を有し、非透過側から透過側に前記水蒸気分離膜を透過したガスであって、前記転化反応の副生物である水蒸気および前記アンモニアを含有する透過側ガスと、前記水蒸気分離膜を透過しなかったガスであって、前記液体燃料、未反応の前記水素および前記酸化炭素、ならびに前記酸性副生物を含有する非透過側ガスと、を分離し、
前記透過側ガスを掃引する掃引ガスを、前記液体燃料合成部の前記透過側に供給する、掃引ガス供給部をさらに備え、
前記液体燃料合成部から流出した前記透過側ガスおよび前記掃引ガスが、前記混合部に供給される、請求項3に記載の液体燃料製造システム。 - 前記透過側ガスおよび前記掃引ガスの混合ガスにおける前記アンモニア濃度が、10ppm以上である、請求項8に記載の液体燃料製造システム。
- 前記液体燃料合成部が、少なくとも液体燃料を透過させる液体燃料分離膜を有し、非透過側から透過側に前記液体燃料分離膜を透過したガスであって、前記液体燃料を含有する透過側ガスと、前記液体燃料分離膜を透過しなかったガスであって、前記転化反応の副生物である水蒸気、未反応の前記水素および前記酸化炭素、ならびに前記酸性副生物を含有する非透過側ガスと、を分離し、
前記透過側ガスを掃引するガスであって、アミン化合物を含有する掃引ガスを、前記液体燃料合成部の前記透過側に供給する、掃引ガス供給部をさらに備え、
前記液体燃料合成部から流出した前記掃引ガスが、前記混合部に供給される、請求項2に記載の液体燃料製造システム。 - 前記掃引ガスが、酸化炭素および/または水素をさらに含有する、請求項10に記載の液体燃料製造システム。
- 前記掃引ガスにおける前記アミン化合物濃度が、10ppm以上である、請求項10に記載の液体燃料製造システム。
- 前記液体燃料合成部が、少なくとも液体燃料およびアンモニアを透過させる液体燃料分離膜を有し、非透過側から透過側に前記液体燃料分離膜を透過したガスであって、前記液体燃料および前記アンモニアを含有する透過側ガスと、前記液体燃料分離膜を透過しなかったガスであって、前記転化反応の副生物である水蒸気、未反応の前記水素および前記酸化炭素、ならびに前記酸性副生物を含有する非透過側ガスと、を分離し、
前記透過側ガスを掃引する掃引ガスを、前記液体燃料合成部の前記透過側に供給する、掃引ガス供給部をさらに備え、
前記液体燃料合成部から流出した前記透過側ガスおよび前記掃引ガスが、前記混合部に供給される、請求項3に記載の液体燃料製造システム。 - 前記透過側ガスおよび前記掃引ガスの混合ガスにおける前記アンモニア濃度が、10ppm以上である、請求項13に記載の液体燃料製造システム。
- 前記液体燃料合成部が、前記転化反応を進行させる触媒が配置された第1のガス流路と前記第1のガス流路の温度を調節する温調ガスが流通する第2のガス流路とを有し、
アミン化合物を含有する温調ガスを、前記液体燃料合成部の前記第2のガス流路に供給する、温調ガス供給部をさらに備え、
前記液体燃料合成部から流出した前記温調ガスが、前記混合部に供給される、請求項2に記載の液体燃料製造システム。 - 前記温調ガスが、酸化炭素および/または水素をさらに含有する、請求項15に記載の液体燃料製造システム。
- 前記温調ガスにおける前記アミン化合物濃度が、10ppm以上である、請求項15に記載の液体燃料製造システム。
- 少なくとも水素および酸化炭素を含有する原料ガスから液体燃料への転化反応を進行させる触媒を含む液体燃料合成部に、前記原料ガスを供給すること;
前記転化反応を進行させるとともに、未反応の前記水素および前記酸化炭素ならびに酸性副生物を含有する残原料ガスを前記液体燃料合成部から回収すること;
前記残原料ガスから前記酸性副生物を除去すること;および
前記酸性副生物を除去後の前記残原料ガスを前記原料ガスの一部として前記液体燃料合成部に再供給すること;
を含む、液体燃料の製造方法であって、
前記残原料ガスから前記酸性副生物を除去することが、水蒸気の存在下で、アミン化合物と、前記残原料ガスと、を混合して前記酸性副生物を前記アミン化合物で中和すること、
を含む、液体燃料の製造方法。 - 前記残原料ガスから前記酸性副生物を除去することが、前記液体燃料合成部に供給され、前記液体燃料合成部を流通した後の前記アミン化合物を含有する中和用原料ガスと、前記残原料ガスと、を混合することを含む、請求項18に記載の製造方法。
- 前記原料ガスが、窒素をさらに含有し、
前記アミン化合物が、前記液体燃料合成部において前記水素と前記窒素とから生成されたアンモニアである、請求項18に記載の製造方法。 - 前記中和用原料ガスが、大気またはバイオガスから回収された二酸化炭素を含有するガスを用いて調製される、請求項19に記載の製造方法。
- 前記液体燃料合成部が、少なくとも水蒸気を透過させる水蒸気分離膜を有し、
前記転化反応の副生物である水蒸気を前記水蒸気分離膜の非透過側から透過側に透過させ、前記アミン化合物を含有する掃引ガスで掃引し、前記液体燃料合成部から排ガスとして回収し、
前記排ガスと前記残原料ガスとを混合して、前記残原料ガス中の前記酸性副生物を前記アミン化合物で中和する、請求項19に記載の製造方法。 - 前記液体燃料合成部が、少なくとも液体燃料を透過させる液体燃料分離膜を有し、
前記液体燃料を前記液体燃料分離膜の非透過側から透過側に透過させ、前記アミン化合物を含有する掃引ガスで掃引し、前記液体燃料合成部から生成物ガスとして回収するとともに、前記転化反応の副生物である水蒸気を回収し、
前記生成物ガスを、前記液体燃料と前記掃引ガスとに分離し、
前記掃引ガスと前記残原料ガスと前記水蒸気とを混合して、前記残原料ガス中の前記酸性副生物を前記アミン化合物で中和する、請求項19に記載の製造方法。 - 前記転化反応の反応温度を調整するための前記アミン化合物を含有する温調ガスを前記液体燃料合成部に流通させ、
前記液体燃料合成部を流通した後の前記温調ガスと前記残原料ガスとを混合して、前記残原料ガス中の前記酸性副生物を前記アミン化合物で中和する、請求項19に記載の製造方法。 - 前記液体燃料合成部が、少なくとも水蒸気およびアンモニアを透過させる水蒸気分離膜を有し、
前記転化反応の副生物である水蒸気および前記アンモニアを前記水蒸気分離膜の非透過側から透過側に透過させ、掃引ガスで掃引して、前記液体燃料合成部から排ガスとして回収し、
前記排ガスと前記残原料ガスとを混合して、前記残原料ガス中の前記酸性副生物を前記アンモニアで中和する、請求項20に記載の製造方法。 - 前記液体燃料合成部が、少なくとも液体燃料およびアンモニアを透過させる液体燃料分離膜を有し、
前記液体燃料および前記アンモニアを前記液体燃料分離膜の非透過側から透過側に透過させ、掃引ガスで掃引して、前記液体燃料合成部から生成物ガスとして回収するとともに、前記転化反応の副生物である水蒸気を前記残原料ガスとともに回収し、
前記生成物ガスから前記液体燃料を分離し、次いで、前記残原料ガスおよび前記水蒸気と混合して、前記残原料ガス中の前記酸性副生物を前記アンモニアで中和する、請求項20に記載の製造方法。
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| AU2023335012A AU2023335012A1 (en) | 2022-09-01 | 2023-08-30 | Liquid fuel production system and liquid fuel production method |
| EP23860437.5A EP4582520A1 (en) | 2022-09-01 | 2023-08-30 | Liquid fuel production system and liquid fuel production method |
| CN202380060632.4A CN119731289A (zh) | 2022-09-01 | 2023-08-30 | 液体燃料制造系统和液体燃料的制造方法 |
| JP2024544348A JPWO2024048675A1 (ja) | 2022-09-01 | 2023-08-30 | |
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| JP2019527691A (ja) * | 2016-07-26 | 2019-10-03 | ティッセンクルップ インダストリアル ソリューションズ アクツィエンゲゼルシャフトThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG | メタノールを製造するための方法およびシステム |
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- 2023-08-30 CN CN202380060632.4A patent/CN119731289A/zh active Pending
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| JP2004066188A (ja) | 2002-08-09 | 2004-03-04 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | Ddr型ゼオライト膜複合体及びその製造方法 |
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| JP2020023488A (ja) | 2018-08-02 | 2020-02-13 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | メタノールの製造方法 |
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| TW202424169A (zh) | 2024-06-16 |
| EP4582520A1 (en) | 2025-07-09 |
| US20250197750A1 (en) | 2025-06-19 |
| AU2023335012A1 (en) | 2025-03-13 |
| JPWO2024048675A1 (ja) | 2024-03-07 |
| CN119731289A (zh) | 2025-03-28 |
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