WO2024043052A1 - 油圧駆動装置 - Google Patents
油圧駆動装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2024043052A1 WO2024043052A1 PCT/JP2023/028730 JP2023028730W WO2024043052A1 WO 2024043052 A1 WO2024043052 A1 WO 2024043052A1 JP 2023028730 W JP2023028730 W JP 2023028730W WO 2024043052 A1 WO2024043052 A1 WO 2024043052A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- pump
- rotation speed
- upper limit
- limit value
- controller
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2221—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements
- E02F9/2232—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements using one or more variable displacement pumps
- E02F9/2235—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements using one or more variable displacement pumps including an electronic controller
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2203—Arrangements for controlling the attitude of actuators, e.g. speed, floating function
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2278—Hydraulic circuits
- E02F9/2285—Pilot-operated systems
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2278—Hydraulic circuits
- E02F9/2292—Systems with two or more pumps
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2278—Hydraulic circuits
- E02F9/2296—Systems with a variable displacement pump
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
- F15B11/02—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member
- F15B11/04—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed
- F15B11/042—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed by means in the feed line, i.e. "meter in"
- F15B11/0423—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed by means in the feed line, i.e. "meter in" by controlling pump output or bypass, other than to maintain constant speed
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
- F15B11/16—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors
- F15B11/161—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors with sensing of servomotor demand or load
- F15B11/165—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors with sensing of servomotor demand or load for adjusting the pump output or bypass in response to demand
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
- F15B11/16—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors
- F15B11/17—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors using two or more pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B21/00—Common features of fluid actuator systems; Fluid-pressure actuator systems or details thereof, not covered by any other group of this subclass
- F15B21/08—Servomotor systems incorporating electrically operated control means
- F15B21/087—Control strategy, e.g. with block diagram
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
- F15B2211/205—Systems with pumps
- F15B2211/2053—Type of pump
- F15B2211/20546—Type of pump variable capacity
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
- F15B2211/205—Systems with pumps
- F15B2211/20576—Systems with pumps with multiple pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
- F15B2211/255—Flow control functions
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/60—Circuit components or control therefor
- F15B2211/63—Electronic controllers
- F15B2211/6303—Electronic controllers using input signals
- F15B2211/633—Electronic controllers using input signals representing a state of the prime mover, e.g. torque or rotational speed
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/60—Circuit components or control therefor
- F15B2211/63—Electronic controllers
- F15B2211/6303—Electronic controllers using input signals
- F15B2211/6346—Electronic controllers using input signals representing a state of input means, e.g. joystick position
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/60—Circuit components or control therefor
- F15B2211/665—Methods of control using electronic components
- F15B2211/6652—Control of the pressure source, e.g. control of the swash plate angle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/60—Circuit components or control therefor
- F15B2211/665—Methods of control using electronic components
- F15B2211/6654—Flow rate control
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/70—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
- F15B2211/71—Multiple output members, e.g. multiple hydraulic motors or cylinders
- F15B2211/7135—Combinations of output members of different types, e.g. single-acting cylinders with rotary motors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a hydraulic drive device that includes an actuator and a pump that supplies oil to the actuator.
- Patent Document 1 describes a technique related to a conventional pump.
- the actuator hydraulic cylinder in the document
- the rate of increase in the flow rate of oil supplied from the pump to the actuator is gradually increased.
- it is possible to obtain good acceleration while reducing the shock when starting the actuator see the summary of the same document.
- the flow rate of oil supplied from the pump to the actuator varies depending on the rotation speed of the pump.
- the rotation speed of the pump is not taken into consideration. Therefore, depending on the rotational speed of the pump, there is a possibility that the effect of reducing shock at the time of starting the actuator and the effect of accelerating the actuator cannot be appropriately obtained.
- problems may occur due to sudden changes in the flow rate of oil supplied from the pump to the actuator.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a hydraulic drive device that can set the flow rate of oil supplied from a pump to an actuator to an appropriate amount depending on the rotation speed of the pump.
- the hydraulic drive device includes a pump, an actuator, and a controller.
- the pump discharges oil by being rotationally driven by a power source.
- the pump has a variable capacity.
- the actuator is operated by being supplied with oil discharged by the pump.
- the controller controls the capacity of the pump according to the operation of the actuator.
- the controller changes an upper limit value of the amount of change in pump capacity, which is the amount of change in the capacity of the pump per unit time, in accordance with the rotation speed of the pump.
- the flow rate of oil supplied from the pump to the actuator can be set to an appropriate amount according to the rotation speed of the pump.
- FIG. 3 is a side view of the working machine.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a hydraulic drive device according to an embodiment. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the operation amount of the operating unit shown in FIG. 2 and the target pump capacity of the pump. It is a graph showing the time change of the operation amount of the operation unit and the time change of the pump capacity of the pump. It is a graph which shows the time change of the operation amount of the said operation part, and the time change of the pump discharge flow rate of the said pump, Comprising: It is a graph when an upper limit is constant. It is a graph which shows the relationship of the upper limit value with respect to the pump rotation speed of the said pump, and the relationship of the pump discharge flow rate change amount with respect to the pump rotation speed of the said pump.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an example of calculation processing performed by the controller shown in FIG. 2.
- a hydraulic drive device 1 according to an embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 8.
- the hydraulic drive device 1 is a device for setting the flow rate of oil supplied from the pump to the actuator to an appropriate amount according to the rotation speed of the pump.
- the hydraulic drive device 1 includes a working machine 10 shown in FIG. 1, and an operating section 31, a manipulated variable detection section 33, and a controller 40 shown in FIG.
- the work machine 10 is a machine that performs work, such as a construction machine that performs construction work, such as a shovel or a crane.
- the work machine 10 may be operated by an operator within the operator's cab 13a, or may be remotely operated by an operator external to the work machine 10 (for example, an operator located in a remote location away from the work machine 10). It may be operated automatically.
- the working machine 10 includes a lower traveling body 11, an upper rotating body 13, an attachment 15, a power source 17, and a hydraulic circuit 20 (see FIG. 2).
- the lower traveling body 11 can run on a running surface (such as the ground).
- the undercarriage 11 may include crawlers or wheels.
- the upper rotating body 13 is rotatably mounted on the lower traveling body 11. Specifically, the upper revolving body 13 is rotatably mounted on the lower traveling body 11 around a rotating shaft extending in the vertical direction.
- the upper revolving body 13 includes a driver's cab 13a.
- the operator's cab 13a is a portion (operating room) in which an operator can operate the working machine 10.
- the attachment 15 is a part that performs work, and includes, for example, a boom 15a, an arm 15b, and a tip attachment 15c.
- the boom 15a is attached to the upper revolving body 13 so as to be able to rise and fall (rotate in the vertical direction).
- Arm 15b is rotatably attached to boom 15a.
- the tip attachment 15c is provided at the tip of the attachment 15, and is rotatably attached to the arm 15b.
- the tip attachment 15c may be, for example, a bucket for scooping or digging the workpiece, a device for pinching the workpiece (such as a grapple or a nibbler), or a device for crushing the workpiece (such as a breaker). good.
- the power source 17 drives the pump 21.
- the power source 17 is mounted on the working machine 10 , specifically, mounted on the upper revolving structure 13 .
- the power source 17 may be an internal combustion engine or an electric motor.
- the power source 17 shown in FIG. 2 can change the number of rotations (rotational speed), and more specifically, can change the number of rotations of the output shaft 17a.
- the rotation speed of the power source 17 may be changed according to an operation by an operator, or may be controlled according to a command from the controller 40.
- the power source 17 includes an output shaft 17a.
- the output shaft 17a is a shaft member that rotates when driven by the power source 17.
- the hydraulic circuit 20 is a circuit that controls the actuator 25.
- the hydraulic circuit 20 is mounted on the working machine 10 and mounted on the upper revolving body 13.
- the hydraulic circuit 20 includes a pump 21, a pump displacement control section 23, an actuator 25, and a control valve 27.
- the pump 21 is a hydraulic pump that discharges oil (hydraulic oil) by being rotationally driven by the power source 17.
- the pump 21 is rotationally driven by the power source 17 to suck oil from the tank and discharge the oil.
- the hydraulic circuit 20 may include only one pump 21 or may include a plurality of pumps 21.
- Pump 21 is connected to output shaft 17a of power source 17. Specifically, for example, the input shaft of the pump 21 is connected to the output shaft 17a of the power source 17. Pump 21 may be directly connected to output shaft 17a.
- the pump rotation speed N which is the rotation speed of the pump 21, may be equal to the rotation speed of the output shaft 17a of the power source 17.
- Pump 21 may be connected to output shaft 17a via a transmission (reducer or speed increaser). When the speed ratio (reduction ratio or speed increase ratio) of the transmission is constant, the pump rotation speed N may be proportional to the rotation speed of the power source 17.
- the pump capacity q which is the capacity of the pump 21, can be changed. That is, the pump 21 is a variable displacement hydraulic pump.
- the pump capacity q may be changed, for example, as shown in FIG. 4, but the manner in which the pump capacity q is changed is not limited to the specific example shown in the graph shown in FIG.
- the pump capacity q is equal to the flow rate of oil discharged by the pump 21 when the input shaft of the pump 21 rotates once.
- the pump displacement q tilt displacement
- a swash plate not shown
- the pump capacity control unit 23 (regulator) controls the pump capacity q.
- the pump capacity control unit 23 controls the pump capacity q in accordance with a pump capacity command, which is a command input to the pump capacity control unit 23 .
- the pump displacement command may be, for example, an electrical signal output by the controller 40, and specifically may be, for example, a current value.
- this current value may be referred to as a pump capacity command current (tilting angle command current).
- the pump capacity control unit 23 may be configured to change the pump capacity q based on a pump capacity command of an electric signal. That is, the pump capacity control unit 23 may be configured to change the pump capacity q without converting the electrical signal.
- the pump capacity control unit 23 may be configured to convert the pump capacity command from an electrical signal to a pilot pressure (hydraulic pressure), and change the pump capacity q based on the pilot pressure.
- a pilot pressure hydroaulic pressure
- the pump capacity control section 23 includes a pump capacity changing valve 23a and a pump capacity changing device 23b.
- the pump capacity change valve 23a is a valve that converts an input electrical signal into pilot pressure (hydraulic pressure).
- the pump capacity changing valve 23a may be an electromagnetic proportional valve, or may be another valve different from the electromagnetic proportional valve.
- the pump capacity changing device 23b changes the pump capacity q (for example, the tilt angle of the pump 21) according to the pilot pressure output by the pump capacity changing valve 23a.
- the actuator 25 is a hydraulic actuator that operates by being supplied with oil (hydraulic oil) discharged from the pump 21.
- Actuator 25 operates work machine 10 .
- the actuator 25 is connected to the pump 21 via an oil passage, which is a passage through which oil passes.
- the hydraulic circuit 20 includes at least one actuator 25 .
- the hydraulic circuit 20 includes a plurality of actuators 25.
- the plurality of actuators 25 include a boom cylinder 25a, an arm cylinder 25b, a tip attachment cylinder 25c, a travel motor 25d, and a swing motor 25e.
- the boom cylinder 25a raises and lowers the boom 15a with respect to the upper revolving structure 13.
- the boom cylinder 25a is a telescopic cylinder (hydraulic cylinder) that expands and contracts when oil is supplied.
- Each of the arm cylinder 25b and the tip attachment cylinder 25c is also a hydraulic cylinder similar to the boom cylinder 25a.
- Arm cylinder 25b rotates arm 15b relative to boom 15a.
- the tip attachment cylinder 25c rotates the tip attachment 15c with respect to the arm 15b.
- the plurality of actuators 25 may include a cylinder or a motor for driving an opening/closing member for pinching the workpiece.
- the plurality of actuators 25 may include a cylinder or a motor for driving a member that crushes the workpiece.
- the traveling motor 25d causes the lower traveling body 11 to travel. Specifically, for example, the traveling motor 25d may drive a crawler of the lower traveling body 11.
- Each of the travel motor 25d and the swing motor 25e is a hydraulic motor that rotates by being supplied with oil.
- the turning motor 25e turns the upper rotating structure 13 with respect to the lower traveling structure 11. Note that in FIG. 2, only two hydraulic cylinders among the components of the actuator 25 are illustrated, and illustration of the other actuators 25 is omitted.
- the control valve 27 is a valve that controls the operation of the plurality of actuators 25.
- the control valve 27 is arranged in an oil path connecting at least one pump 21 and the plurality of actuators 25. In the specific example shown in FIG. 2, the control valve 27 is arranged between the two pumps 21 and the plurality of actuators 25.
- the control valve 27 is a directional switching valve that switches the direction of oil flow (oil path), switches the actuator 25 to be operated, and switches the direction of operation of the actuator 25 (for example, the direction of expansion/contraction or the direction of rotation).
- the control valve 27 may change the flow rate of oil supplied to the actuator 25 and change the operating speed of the actuator 25.
- the operation unit 31 is a part for operating the actuator 25.
- the operation unit 31 may be placed in the operator's cab 13a (see FIG. 1), or may be included in a device that performs remote control (remote control device). .
- the operating section 31 may include an operating lever or an operating pedal.
- the operation unit 31 outputs an operation command that is a command for operating the actuator 25.
- the operation unit 31 outputs an operation command to the control valve 27 and controls (operates) the control valve 27 to operate the actuator 25 .
- the operation command output by the operation unit 31 may be a pilot pressure.
- the operating section 31 may be a hydraulic lever device including a hydraulic remote control valve.
- the operation command output by the operation unit 31 may be an electrical signal.
- the operation unit 31 may be an electric joystick.
- the operation amount detection section 33 detects the operation amount of the operation section 31.
- the amount of operation of the operation unit 31 will also be simply referred to as "the amount of operation.”
- the operation amount detection section 33 may detect the operation angle of the operation section 31 as the operation amount.
- the operating angle of the operating section 31 may be the angle of the operating lever or the angle of the operating pedal.
- the operation amount detection section 33 may be a pressure sensor that detects this pilot pressure.
- the operation amount detection section 33 may be a part of the controller 40.
- the function of at least one of the operation unit 31 and the operation amount detection unit 33 may be part of the function of the controller 40.
- the controller 40 has a function of controlling automatic operation of the work machine 10, and a section included in the controller 40 corresponding to the operation unit 31 determines the content of the operation of the actuator 25, and the operation amount included in the controller 40 The section corresponding to the detection unit 33 may acquire the details of the operation of the actuator 25.
- the controller 40 includes a computer that performs input/output of signals, calculation (processing), storage of information, etc., and this computer has an arithmetic processing unit and a memory (storage unit).
- each of the various functions of the controller 40 is realized by the arithmetic processing unit executing a program stored in the storage section of the controller 40.
- the controller 40 may have a function of automatically operating the work machine 10.
- the controller 40 may operate the actuator 25 by outputting a command to the control valve 27.
- the controller 40 performs various controls. For example, the controller 40 performs control to change the upper limit value R of the amount of change in pump capacity ⁇ q, which is the amount of change in pump capacity q per unit time, in accordance with the pump rotation speed N.
- the unit time may be one control cycle of the controller 40, seconds, or minutes. This also applies to "unit time" in the following explanation.
- the controller 40 may be mounted on the working machine 10 or may be placed outside the working machine 10.
- the controller 40 includes an operation content acquisition section 41, a pump rotation speed acquisition section 43, a pump capacity calculation section 45, and a pump capacity command section 47.
- the operation content acquisition unit 41 acquires the operation content of the actuator 25.
- the actuator operation content is the operation content for operating the actuator 25.
- the operation content of the actuator 25 may be the operation content given by the operator to the operating lever or operating pedal of the operating unit 31, and in this case, The operation content may include information on the amount of the operation, information on the direction of the operation, or information on both the amount of the operation and the direction of the operation.
- the operation content of the actuator 25 may be the content of a command output by the controller 40 to the control valve 27 in order to operate the actuator 25.
- the operation content acquisition unit 41 may acquire the operation content of the operation unit 31 as the operation content of the actuator 25.
- the “operation content” acquired by the operation content acquisition unit 41 may include information on whether or not the operation unit 31 is operated.
- the “operation content” acquired by the operation content acquisition unit 41 may include information on the operation direction and amount of operation of one or more actuators 25 that are the targets of the operation of the operation unit 31.
- the operation content acquisition unit 41 may acquire the detection result (for example, an electrical signal) by the operation amount detection unit 33. That is, the operation content acquisition unit 41 may acquire the operation amount of the operation unit 31 detected by the operation amount detection unit 33. Further, when the work machine 10 is automatically operated, the operation content acquisition unit 41 acquires the content of the command (operation content) set by the section (automatic operation control unit) corresponding to the operation unit 31 included in the controller 40. You may.
- the pump rotation speed acquisition unit 43 acquires the pump rotation speed N.
- the pump rotation speed acquisition unit 43 may acquire a detected value of the pump rotation speed N of the input shaft of the pump 21.
- the pump rotation speed obtaining unit 43 may obtain the pump rotation speed N by obtaining the rotation speed of the power source 17 (for example, the engine rotation speed). In this case, for example, the pump rotation speed acquisition unit 43 may acquire a detected value of the rotation speed of the power source 17, or may acquire a rotation speed command from the controller 40 to the power source 17. If the rotation speed of the power source 17 and the pump rotation speed N are different from each other, the pump rotation speed acquisition unit 43 may calculate the pump rotation speed N based on the rotation speed of the power source 17.
- the pump capacity calculation unit 45 calculates the pump capacity q that is commanded from the controller 40 to the pump capacity control unit 23.
- the pump capacity calculation unit 45 calculates (determines) the pump capacity q based on the operation details of the operation unit 31 acquired by the operation content acquisition unit 41 and the pump rotation speed N acquired by the pump rotation speed acquisition unit 43. . Details of the calculation of the pump capacity q will be described later.
- the pump capacity command unit 47 commands the pump capacity q. More specifically, the pump capacity command unit 47 outputs a pump capacity command, which is a command for the pump capacity q calculated by the pump capacity calculation unit 45, to the pump capacity control unit 23.
- the pump displacement command output by the pump displacement command section 47 may be, for example, an electric signal (for example, a current value).
- the hydraulic drive device 1 is configured to operate as follows. Below, the calculation processing performed by the pump capacity calculation section 45 of the controller 40 will be mainly described.
- the controller 40 may perform positive control control.
- the controller 40 calculates a target pump capacity qr, which is a target value of the pump capacity q, according to the operation content of the operation unit 31 (for example, the amount of operation of the operation unit 31).
- the relationship between the operation details of the operation unit 31 and information regarding the target pump capacity qr is set in the controller 40 in advance.
- the relationship may be, for example, a map such as a positive control map.
- the above-mentioned "information regarding the target pump capacity qr" may be the target pump capacity qr, or may be information that substantially represents the target pump capacity qr, that is, information correlated to the target pump capacity qr.
- the “information regarding the target pump capacity qr” may be the target value of the pump capacity command, that is, the target value of the command output from the controller 40 to the pump capacity control unit 23.
- the "information regarding the target pump capacity qr” may be the target pump capacity command current Ir, which is the target current value.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing an example of the relationship between the operation amount of the operation unit 31 and the target pump capacity qr.
- the graph in FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the manipulated variable (eg, pilot pressure) and the target pump capacity qr (eg, target pump capacity command current Ir) when operating a specific actuator 25 in a specific direction.
- the specific actuator 25 is any one of the plurality of actuators 25.
- the specific direction is the operating direction (extension/contraction direction or rotation direction) of a specific actuator.
- the target pump capacity command current Ir is simply written as "current Ir."
- the graph of FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the manipulated variable (eg, pilot pressure) and the target pump capacity qr (eg, target pump capacity command current Ir) when operating a specific actuator 25 in a specific direction.
- the specific actuator 25 is any one of the plurality of actuators 25.
- the specific direction is the operating direction (extension/contraction direction or rotation direction) of a specific actuator.
- the controller 40 does not need to calculate the target pump capacity qr based on a map as shown in FIG. For example, the controller 40 may calculate the target pump capacity qr according to the operation details of the operation unit 31 based on a mathematical formula.
- control when the operation amount in a predetermined operation content changes will be explained. Specifically, control when the amount of operation for moving a specific actuator 25 in a specific direction changes will be described.
- the case where the amount of operation in the predetermined operation content changes may include, for example, the case where the angle of the control lever or the control pedal is changed.
- the controller 40 changes the target pump capacity qr according to changes in the manipulated variable (see FIG. 3). Then, the controller 40 changes the actual pump capacity q based on the target pump capacity qr.
- the controller 40 may limit the amount of change in pump capacity ⁇ q.
- the amount of change in pump capacity ⁇ q is the magnitude (absolute value) of the amount of change in pump capacity q per unit time.
- the amount of change in pump capacity ⁇ q is the slope of the graph showing the relationship between pump capacity q and time shown in FIG.
- the flow rate of oil discharged by the pump 21 per unit time is defined as a pump discharge flow rate Q (see FIG. 5).
- a problem may occur due to a sudden change (rapid increase or sudden decrease) in the pump discharge flow rate Q. More specifically, when the manipulated variable changes suddenly, the target pump capacity qr determined by the controller 40 changes suddenly (see FIG. 3). If the pump capacity change amount ⁇ q is not limited, if the target pump capacity qr suddenly changes, the pump capacity q will change suddenly, the pump discharge flow rate Q will change suddenly, and the flow rate of oil supplied to the actuator 25 will change suddenly.
- the PQ control is a control that adjusts the output of the pump 21 so that the output of the pump 21 does not exceed the output of the power source 17.
- the oil supplied to the actuator 25 (for example, the swing motor 25e) becomes insufficient, and the pressure of the supply line, which is the oil path that supplies oil to the actuator 25, decreases, and cavitation may occur in the actuator 25, the supply line, etc. There is. Cavitation is likely to occur in the actuator 25 that operates an object on which a relatively large inertial force acts among the objects that the actuator 25 acts on. Specifically, for example, cavitation is likely to occur in the swing motor 25e that operates the upper rotating body 13, the arm cylinder 25b that operates the arm 15b, and the like.
- the hydraulic circuit 20 may include a makeup circuit to prevent cavitation.
- actuator 25 may include a makeup port that connects to a makeup circuit.
- the makeup circuit is a circuit for preventing cavitation by supplying oil to the supply line of the actuator 25 from an oil path (tank line) connected to the tank. In this case, in order to make the makeup circuit function, it is necessary to supply oil to the tank line and ensure the pressure in the tank line.
- the controller 40 does not need to limit the pump capacity change amount ⁇ q when the change in the manipulated variable is gentle.
- the controller 40 may control the actual pump capacity q to the target pump capacity qr according to the operation amount. That is, the controller 40 may determine the target pump capacity qr corresponding to the manipulated variable using, for example, the map shown in FIG. 3, and may control the actual pump capacity q to the target pump capacity qr.
- the case where the change in the manipulated variable is gentle corresponds to, for example, the case where the answer is NO in step S31 in FIG. 8, which will be described later, and the case where the answer is NO in step S41.
- the controller 40 may limit the amount of change in pump capacity ⁇ q in order to suppress problems caused by sudden changes in the pump discharge flow rate Q. Below, the case where the controller 40 limits the amount of change in pump capacity ⁇ q will be mainly described.
- the controller 40 limits the pump capacity change amount ⁇ q so that the magnitude (absolute value) of the pump capacity change amount ⁇ q is equal to or less than the upper limit value R.
- the upper limit value R is the upper limit (limit amount) of the magnitude (absolute value) of the pump capacity change amount ⁇ q.
- the controller 40 determines the upper limit value R of the amount of change in pump capacity ⁇ q when the pump capacity q increases (the upper limit value R on the increasing side) and the size of the amount of change in pump capacity ⁇ q when the pump capacity q decreases.
- the upper limit value R of (the upper limit value R on the decreasing side) may be set.
- the controller 40 may limit the amount of change in pump capacity ⁇ q when the pump capacity q increases and decreases.
- the upper limit value R on the increasing side and the upper limit value R on the decreasing side may have different sizes or may have the same size. Note that the controller 40 may limit the pump capacity change amount ⁇ q only when the pump capacity q increases or decreases. Below, a case will be mainly described in which the controller 40 limits the amount of change in pump capacity ⁇ q when pump capacity q increases and decreases.
- the upper limit value R is, for example, the upper limit of the amount of change per unit time in the pump displacement command output from the controller 40 to the pump displacement control section 23.
- the upper limit value R is the upper limit of the amount of change (gain) of this current value per unit time.
- the unit of the upper limit value R in this case may be "mA/control period", "mA/second", or "mA/minute”.
- FIG. 4 shows the relationship between time and pump capacity q when the pump capacity change amount ⁇ q is not limited (graph G1) and when it is limited (graph G2). Further, FIG. 4 also shows the relationship between time and the manipulated variable. The amount of operation increases from time t0 to time t1, and remains constant at a predetermined amount of operation after time t1.
- the pump capacity change amount ⁇ q is not limited (graph G1), from time t0 to time t1, the operation amount increases and the pump capacity q increases.
- This pump capacity q reaches the target pump capacity qr, which is the pump capacity q according to the predetermined operation amount, at the same time or almost simultaneously (at time t1) when the operation amount becomes constant at the predetermined operation amount, and then the capacity becomes constant.
- the upper limit value R may be set differently depending on the operation content of the operation unit 31 shown in FIG. 2.
- the appropriate upper limit value R differs depending on the operating direction and operating amount of the actuator 25 to be operated. Therefore, the upper limit R may be changed depending on the type of actuator 25.
- the controller 40 sets the upper limit value R to an appropriate size depending on the operation content. For example, a relationship (such as a map) between the operation details and the upper limit value R may be set in the controller 40 in advance. Further, for example, the controller 40 may calculate the upper limit value R based on a preset mathematical formula depending on the operation content.
- Pump discharge flow rate Q (L/min) pump capacity q (cm 3 ) x pump rotation speed N (times/min)/1000
- the amount of change in the pump discharge flow rate Q per unit time is defined as the amount of change in the pump discharge flow rate ⁇ Q.
- the pump discharge flow rate change amount ⁇ Q may be referred to as a flow rate change gain, a flow rate increase gain, or a flow rate decrease gain.
- the amount of change ⁇ Q in the pump discharge flow rate is the slope of the graph shown in FIG. 5 showing the relationship between the pump discharge flow rate Q and time.
- the upper limit value R is set so that "problems due to sudden changes in pump discharge flow rate Q" do not occur when the pump rotation speed N is a specific "low pump rotation speed N"
- the pump rotation speed N becomes the above-mentioned "low pump rotation speed N”. If the pump rotational speed N is higher than the low pump rotational speed N, a problem may occur due to a sudden change in the pump discharge flow rate Q.
- the upper limit R is set so that "problems caused by sudden changes in pump discharge flow rate Q" do not occur when the pump rotation speed N is a specific "high pump rotation speed N", then the pump rotation speed N If the pump rotation speed N is lower than the "high pump rotation speed N", the above-mentioned "problem of slow change in pump discharge flow rate Q" may occur.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the time change in the operation amount of the operation unit 31 and the time change in the pump discharge flow rate of the pump 21, and is a graph when the upper limit value R is constant.
- FIG. 5 shows cases in which the upper limit R is set to a constant value ( ⁇ ), the pump rotation speed N is ⁇ (graph G3), and the pump rotation speed N is ( ⁇ /2).
- the relationship between time and pump discharge flow rate Q is shown for case (graph G4).
- FIG. 5 also shows the relationship between time and the manipulated variable (same as FIG. 4).
- the pump capacity q becomes a constant value (target pump capacity qr) common to graphs G3 and G4.
- the pump discharge flow rate Q of graph G4 becomes 1/2 of the pump discharge flow rate Q of graph G3.
- the amount of change in pump discharge flow rate ⁇ Q slope of the graph when pump capacity q increases from time t0 to time t2 is different from each other.
- the difference in the amount of change in pump discharge flow rate ⁇ Q when the upper limit value R is the same and the pump rotational speed N is different will be further explained using specific numerical values.
- the minimum capacity (minimum value of pump capacity q) of the pump 21 shown in FIG. 2 is 10 cm 3 /rev, and the maximum capacity (maximum value of pump capacity q) is 200 cm 3 /rev.
- the controller 40 sets the upper limit value R of the pump capacity change amount ⁇ q to 10 cc per 0.1 sec.
- the pump discharge flow rate at time t 0.5 (sec).
- Q is 60 L/min
- the pump discharge flow rate change amount ⁇ Q per second is 100 L/min.
- the pump discharge flow rate at time t 0.5 (sec).
- Q is 120 L/min
- the pump discharge flow rate change amount ⁇ Q per second is 200 L/min.
- the threshold value of the amount of change in pump discharge flow rate ⁇ Q is 120 L/min, which causes a start-up shock of the actuator 25 (an example of a problem caused by a sudden change in the pump discharge flow rate Q).
- the pump rotation speed N is 1000 times/min
- the pump discharge flow rate change amount ⁇ Q per second is 100 L/min, which is less than the threshold (120 L/min), so startup shock is a problem.
- the pump rotation speed N is 2000 times/min
- the pump discharge flow rate change amount ⁇ Q per second is 200 L/min, which exceeds the threshold value (120 L/min), so starting shock becomes a problem.
- the controller 40 changes the upper limit R of the magnitude (absolute value) of the pump capacity change amount ⁇ q, which is the change amount of the pump capacity per unit time, in accordance with the pump rotation speed N.
- the controller 40 may set the upper limit value R as in the following [Condition 1], [Condition 2], and [Condition 3], for example.
- each of the following conditions is a condition when an operation (predetermined operation content) of moving a specific actuator 25 in a specific direction is performed. When the actuator 25 to be operated changes or when the direction of operation changes, the following conditions do not necessarily have to hold. Further, each of the following conditions is a condition when the pump rotation speed N is within a predetermined range, and does not need to be satisfied when the pump rotation speed N is outside the predetermined range. A specific example of the predetermined range will be described later.
- the controller 40 sets the upper limit value R to the first upper limit value R1 when the pump rotation speed N is the first rotation speed N1. It is preferable that the controller 40 sets the upper limit value R to a second upper limit value R2 that is smaller than the first upper limit value R1 when the pump rotation speed N is a second rotation speed N2 that is larger than the first rotation speed N1. .
- the magnitude of the pump displacement change ⁇ q1 when the pump rotation speed N is the first rotation speed N1 is limited by the first upper limit value R1
- the magnitude of the pump displacement change ⁇ q1 when the pump rotation speed N is the second rotation speed N2 is limited by the first upper limit value R1.
- the magnitude of the pump capacity change amount ⁇ q2 is limited by the second upper limit value R2.
- the controller 40 is configured such that the magnitude (absolute value) of the pump displacement variation ⁇ q at the second rotation speed N2 is smaller than the magnitude (absolute value) of the pump displacement variation ⁇ q1 at the first rotation speed N1. It is preferable to set an upper limit value R to . By setting the upper limit value R in this way, the hydraulic drive device 1 can suppress the problem caused by sudden changes in the pump discharge flow rate Q, regardless of the pump rotation speed N, and can also solve the problem of slow changes in the pump discharge flow rate Q. can be suppressed.
- a threshold value regarding the pump rotation speed N may be set in advance in the controller 40.
- the threshold value may be set before the upper limit value R is set.
- the controller 40 sets the upper limit value R to a first upper limit value R1 when the pump rotation speed N is less than a threshold value, and sets the upper limit value R to a second upper limit value R2 when the pump rotation speed N is greater than or equal to the threshold value. May be set.
- the above-mentioned first rotation speed N1 is a value included in a range below the threshold value
- the above-mentioned second rotation speed N2 is a value included in a range above the threshold value.
- the controller 40 sets the upper limit value R so that as the pump rotation speed N increases, the upper limit value R becomes smaller.
- the magnitude (absolute value) of the pump capacity change amount ⁇ q is limited by an upper limit value R that decreases as the pump rotation speed N increases. It is preferable that the controller 40 sets the upper limit value R so that the magnitude (absolute value) of the pump capacity change amount ⁇ q decreases as the pump rotation speed N increases.
- the controller 40 may decrease the upper limit value R in stages as the pump rotational speed N increases.
- the controller 40 may continuously decrease the upper limit value R as the pump rotation speed N increases.
- the graph representing the relationship between the pump rotation speed N and the upper limit value R (the graph that satisfies [condition 2b]) may be linear or curved.
- the controller 40 sets the upper limit value R so that the upper limit value R is proportional to the pump rotation speed N (see, for example, Equation 1 below). It is preferable that the controller 40 sets the upper limit value R such that the magnitude of the amount of change in pump capacity ⁇ q limited by the upper limit value R is proportional to the pump rotation speed N.
- the controller 40 preferably sets the upper limit value R so that the pump discharge flow rate variation ⁇ Q is constant no matter where the pump rotation speed N is within a predetermined range. It is preferable that the controller 40 sets the upper limit value R so that the amount of change in pump discharge flow rate ⁇ Q is constant regardless of the pump rotation speed N. “Within a predetermined range” of the pump rotation speed N may be, for example, a range of the pump rotation speed N used when operating the work machine 10 (for example, a usage area), or even a range narrower than the usage area. good.
- the graph shown in FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the pump rotation speed N and the upper limit value R, and the relationship between the pump rotation speed N and the pump discharge flow rate variation ⁇ Q.
- the upper limit value R in the graph of FIG. 6 may be the magnitude (absolute value) of the pump capacity change amount ⁇ q limited by the upper limit value R.
- the controller 40 may set the magnitude of the pump capacity change amount ⁇ q to the upper limit value R that is set according to the pump rotation speed N.
- This graph is a graph when the above-mentioned [condition 1], [condition 2], [condition 2b1], and [condition 3] are satisfied.
- the controller 40 may calculate the upper limit value R as follows.
- the controller 40 determines a reference upper limit value Rs, which is the upper limit value R at the reference rotation speed Ns as a reference for the pump rotation speed N.
- the reference rotation speed Ns may be, for example, the maximum value of the usage range of the pump rotation speed N (high idle), or may be a value other than high idle.
- a relationship (map) between the operation details and the reference upper limit value Rs may be set in the controller 40 in advance.
- the controller 40 may calculate the reference upper limit Rs according to a predetermined condition such as a mathematical formula.
- the controller 40 calculates a rotation speed ratio that is a ratio between the reference rotation speed Ns and the current pump rotation speed N (used rotation speed Nc).
- the rotation speed ratio is expressed as (Ns/Nc), for example.
- the controller 40 calculates the upper limit value R at the operating rotation speed Nc based on the reference upper limit value Rs and the rotation speed ratio (Ns/Nc). Calculating the upper limit value R at the current used rotation speed Nc based on the reference upper limit value Rs at the reference rotation speed Ns means that the reference upper limit value Rs at the reference rotation speed Ns is set to the upper limit value R at the current used rotation speed Nc. This can be translated as "correcting".
- the controller 40 may calculate the magnitude ⁇ of the upper limit value R using the following equation 1.
- the pump discharge flow rate variation ⁇ Q remains constant at any pump rotational speed N within a predetermined range (use area).
- the relationship between the pump rotation speed N and the upper limit value R will be further explained using specific numerical values.
- the threshold value of the magnitude of the pump discharge flow rate change amount ⁇ Q per second is 200 L/min, which can suppress problems caused by sudden changes in the pump discharge flow rate Q. Assume that there is.
- the upper limit value R such that the magnitude of the pump discharge flow rate change ⁇ Q per second is 200 L/min is calculated.
- the pump displacement command is a current value (pump displacement command current) and the upper limit value R is the upper limit of the amount of change in the current value per unit time.
- the pump capacity change amount ⁇ q which is obtained by converting "unit time” into one control cycle, is calculated using the following formula.
- the amount of change in the pump displacement command current for changing the pump displacement q by 1 cm 3 is assumed to be 20 (mA/cm 3 ). Then, the amount of change in the pump displacement command current per one control period for adjusting the amount of change in pump displacement ⁇ q to 1 (cm 3 /control period) is calculated using the following formula.
- the magnitude of change in pump discharge flow rate ⁇ Q per second can be set to 200 (L/control cycle). min), that is, the above threshold value.
- the pump capacity change amount ⁇ q which is obtained by converting "unit time” into one control cycle, is calculated using the following formula.
- the amount of change in the pump displacement command current for changing the pump displacement q by 1 (cm 3 ) is 20 (mA/cm 3 ). Then, the amount of change in the pump displacement command current per one control period for adjusting the amount of change in pump displacement ⁇ q to 2 (cm 3 /control period) is calculated using the following equation.
- the magnitude of change in pump discharge flow rate ⁇ Q per second can be set to 200 (L/control cycle). min), that is, the above threshold value.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing changes over time in the operation amount of the operation unit 31 and changes over time in the pump discharge flow rate of the pump 21.
- FIG. 7 is a graph when the upper limit value R is changed according to the pump rotation speed N.
- graph G3 graph G3
- Graph G5 shows the relationship between time and pump discharge flow rate Q.
- FIG. 7 also shows the relationship between time and the amount of operation.
- the relationship between time and manipulated variable is the same as the graphs shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.
- the graph G3 when the pump rotation speed N is ⁇ is the same graph as the graph G3 shown in FIG. In this example, ⁇ is the reference rotation speed Ns.
- ⁇ be the magnitude of the upper limit value R (that is, the reference upper limit value Rs) when the pump rotation speed N is ⁇ .
- the magnitude of the upper limit R is different from ⁇ , and specifically, is 2 ⁇ .
- step S11 the controller 40 (operation content acquisition unit 41) acquires (takes in) the operation content of the operation unit 31.
- the acquired operation content may be, for example, the amount of operation given to the operation unit 31 by the operator.
- the controller 40 (pump rotation speed acquisition unit 43) acquires (takes in) the pump rotation speed N.
- step S12 the controller 40 determines the target pump capacity qr (specifically, the target pump capacity command current Ir) according to the acquired operation details. For example, the controller 40 calculates the target pump capacity qr according to the operation content based on a map as shown in FIG. 3 showing the relationship between the preset operation content and the target pump capacity qr. In FIG. 8, the target pump capacity command current Ir is simply written as "current Ir.”
- step S13 the controller 40 shown in FIG. 2 determines the upper limit value R (reference upper limit value Rs) at the reference rotation speed Ns according to the acquired operation details. For example, the controller 40 reads the reference upper limit value Rs corresponding to the operation content based on a relationship (map) between the operation content and the reference upper limit Rs set in advance. The controller 40 sets a reference upper limit value Rs on the increasing side of the pump displacement q (specifically, the reference current upper limit value Id1 on the increasing side) and a reference upper limit value Rs on the decreasing side of the pump displacement q (specifically, the reference upper limit value Rs on the decreasing side). The reference current upper limit value Id2) may be determined. Each of the reference current upper limit value Id1 on the increasing side and the reference current upper limit value Id2 on the decreasing side is a reference upper limit value of the amount of change in the current value that is the pump capacity command.
- step S14 the controller 40 calculates the upper limit value R at the operating speed Nc.
- the controller 40 sets the upper limit value R of the pump displacement q on the increasing side (specifically, the corrected current upper limit value Id3 on the increasing side) and the upper limit value R of the pump displacement q on the decreasing side (specifically, the corrected current upper limit value Id3 on the decreasing side).
- the upper limit value Id4) is calculated. Specifically, the controller 40 calculates the corrected current upper limit value Id3 on the increasing side and the corrected current upper limit value Id4 on the decreasing side using the following formula.
- Correction current upper limit value Id3 on the increasing side reference current upper limit value Id1 on the increasing side ⁇ (reference rotation speed Ns/use rotation speed Nc)
- Correction current upper limit value Id4 on the decreasing side Reference current upper limit value Id2 on the decreasing side ⁇ (reference rotation speed Ns/use rotation speed Nc)
- step S21 the controller 40 shown in FIG. 2 determines whether the acquired operation content is an operation content that increases the pump capacity q or an operation content that does not change the pump capacity q. Specifically, the controller 40 determines whether the value obtained by subtracting the pump capacity q commanded one control period ago (the pump capacity q commanded last time) from the current target pump capacity qr is greater than or equal to 0. . The value obtained by subtracting the pump capacity q commanded one control period ago (previously) from the current target pump capacity qr is also referred to as the "target value of the pump capacity change amount ⁇ q".
- the controller 40 determines whether the value obtained by subtracting the previously commanded pump capacity command current (previous value I n-1 ) from the target pump capacity command current Ir (see step S12) is 0 or more. (Whether “Ir ⁇ previous value I n ⁇ 1 ⁇ 0” or not) is determined. If the operation content is an operation that increases the pump capacity q or an operation that does not change the pump capacity q (YES in step S21), the controller 40 performs the process of step S31. If the operation content is an operation to decrease the pump capacity q (NO in step S21), the controller 40 performs the process of step S41.
- step S31 the controller 40 determines whether the target value of the pump capacity change amount ⁇ q is greater than or equal to the upper limit value R (upper limit value R on the increasing side). Specifically, the controller 40 determines whether the value obtained by subtracting the previously commanded pump capacity command current from the target pump capacity command current Ir is greater than or equal to the increasing correction current upper limit value Id3 (Ir - previous value I n - 1 ⁇ Id3).
- the controller 40 adjusts the previously commanded pump capacity q and the upper limit value R.
- the sum is set to the pump capacity q to be commanded this time (step S32).
- step S41 the controller 40 determines whether the magnitude (absolute value) of the target value of the pump capacity change amount ⁇ q is greater than or equal to the upper limit value R (upper limit value R on the decreasing side). Specifically, the controller 40 determines whether the value obtained by subtracting the target pump capacity command current Ir from the previously commanded pump capacity command current (previous value I n-1 ) is greater than or equal to the correction current upper limit value Id4 on the decreasing side. It is determined whether or not (“previous value I n-1 ⁇ Ir ⁇ Id4”).
- controller 40 determines whether the absolute value of the value obtained by subtracting the previous value I n-1 from the target pump capacity command current Ir is greater than or equal to the correction current upper limit value Id4 on the decreasing side (“
- the controller 40 may command (output) the pump displacement q (specifically, the current value I n ) to be commanded this time, determined in step S32, S33, S42, or S43, to the pump displacement control unit 23.
- the controller 40 may return to the process of step S11 after step S32, S33, S42, or S43. In this case, step S51 may be omitted.
- the controller 40 may perform the process of step S51 after step S42 or step S43.
- step S51 the controller 40 may perform other control regarding the pump capacity q, or may correct the pump capacity q.
- the controller 40 may perform control (for example, PQ control) to limit the output of the pump 21.
- control for example, PQ control
- the above-mentioned "previously commanded pump capacity q" and "currently commanded pump capacity q" are values determined in step S32, S33, S42, or S43 before step S51 is performed, This is not the pump capacity q corrected in step S51.
- step S32, S33, S42, or S43 the controller 40 returns to the process of step S11. The controller 40 repeats the processing from step S11 to step S51.
- the hydraulic drive device 1 includes a pump 21, an actuator 25, and a controller 40.
- the pump 21 is rotationally driven by the power source 17 to discharge oil.
- the pump 21 can change its capacity.
- the actuator 25 is operated by being supplied with oil discharged by the pump 21.
- the controller 40 controls the capacity of the pump 21 according to the operation of the actuator 25.
- the controller 40 changes the upper limit value R of the pump capacity change amount ⁇ q, which is the amount of change in the capacity of the pump 21 per unit time, according to the rotation speed of the pump 21 (pump rotation speed N). (See Figure 6).
- the controller 40 sets the upper limit value R of the magnitude of the pump capacity change amount ⁇ q in consideration of the pump rotation speed N. Therefore, for example, compared to the case where the upper limit value R is set without considering the pump rotation speed N, the hydraulic drive device 1 sets the pump capacity change amount ⁇ q to an appropriate size according to the pump rotation speed N. can do. Therefore, the hydraulic drive device 1 can set the flow rate of oil supplied from the pump 21 to the actuator 25 to an appropriate amount according to the pump rotation speed N. As a result, the hydraulic drive device 1 can set an upper limit value R that can suppress sudden changes in the pump discharge flow rate Q, and can also change the pump discharge flow rate Q in response to changes in the operation content (for example, the amount of operation). It becomes possible to set an upper limit value R that prevents the speed from being too slow.
- the controller 40 sets the upper limit R when the pump rotation speed N is the first rotation speed N1 to the first upper limit value R1, and sets the upper limit R when the pump rotation speed N is the first rotation speed N1 to the second upper limit value R1 when the pump rotation speed N is higher than the first rotation speed N1.
- the upper limit value R when the rotation speed is N2 is set to the second upper limit value R2, which is smaller than the first upper limit value R1.
- the controller 40 determines the magnitude of the pump displacement variation ⁇ q (the magnitude of the pump displacement variation ⁇ q limited by the upper limit value R), The first pump capacity change amount ⁇ q1 is set.
- the controller 40 controls the magnitude of the pump capacity change amount ⁇ q (the pump capacity change amount ⁇ q limited by the upper limit value R). (size) is set as the second pump capacity change amount ⁇ q2. The controller 40 sets the upper limit value R so that the second pump capacity change amount ⁇ q2 is smaller than the first pump capacity change amount ⁇ q1.
- the above [Configuration 2] provides the following effects. If the pump capacity change amount ⁇ q is the same, the larger the pump rotation speed N is, the larger the pump discharge flow rate change amount ⁇ Q is (see FIG. 5), and the pump discharge flow rate Q is more likely to change suddenly. Therefore, according to the above [Configuration 2], when the pump rotation speed N is the second rotation speed N2 which is larger than the first rotation speed N1, the second pump capacity change amount ⁇ q2 is made smaller than the first pump capacity change amount ⁇ q1. (See Figure 6). Therefore, the hydraulic drive device 1 can suppress sudden changes in the pump discharge flow rate Q when the pump rotational speed N is the second rotational speed N2, which is large. As a result, for example, the hydraulic drive device 1 can suppress undesirable movement (such as shock) of the actuator 25 and cavitation in and around the actuator 25.
- the hydraulic drive device 1 can prevent the pump discharge flow rate Q from changing too slowly with respect to the change in the operation details (for example, the operation amount) when the pump rotation speed N is the small first rotation speed N1.
- the hydraulic drive device 1 can ensure responsiveness of the actuation of the actuator 25 to changes in the operation content (for example, the amount of operation). Therefore, with [Configuration 2] described above, the hydraulic drive device 1 can set the flow rate of oil supplied from the pump 21 to the actuator 25 to a more appropriate amount according to the pump rotation speed N.
- the controller 40 sets the upper limit value R so that the upper limit value R does not become smaller as the pump rotation speed N increases.
- the controller 40 controls the amount of change in the discharge flow rate of the pump 21 per unit time (the amount of change in pump discharge flow rate ⁇ Q) to be constant when the pump rotation speed N is within a predetermined range.
- An upper limit value R is set for .
- the pump discharge flow rate change amount ⁇ Q can be made constant regardless of the pump rotation speed N (see FIG. 6). Therefore, sudden changes in the pump discharge flow rate Q can be more reliably suppressed, and changes in the pump discharge flow rate Q that are too slow relative to changes in the operation content (for example, the amount of operation) can be more reliably suppressed. Therefore, the hydraulic drive device 1 can set a more appropriate pump capacity change amount ⁇ q according to the pump rotation speed N. As a result, the hydraulic drive device 1 can set the flow rate of oil supplied from the pump 21 to the actuator 25 to a more appropriate amount according to the pump rotation speed N.
- the above embodiment may be modified in various ways.
- the number of components (including modified examples) of the above embodiments may be changed, and some of the components may not be provided.
- the modified examples of the above embodiments may be combined in various ways.
- the components may be fixed or connected to each other directly or indirectly.
- the connections of each component shown in FIG. 2 may be changed.
- the inclusion relationship of components may be changed in various ways. For example, what is described as a lower-order component included in a certain higher-order component may not be included in this higher-order component, and may be included in another component.
- what has been described as a plurality of mutually different members or parts may be considered as one member or part.
- the controller 40 may be provided separately as a plurality of different members or portions.
- various parameters may be set in advance in the controller 40, or may be set directly by an operator's manual operation.
- the various parameters may be calculated by the controller 40 based on information set by an operator's manual operation, or may be calculated by the controller 40 based on information detected by a sensor.
- various parameters may not be changed, may be changed manually, or may be changed automatically by the controller 40 depending on some conditions.
- the order of the steps in the flowchart shown in FIG. 8 may be changed, and some of the steps may not be performed.
- each component may have only a portion of each feature (functionality, arrangement, shape, operation, etc.).
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Abstract
Description
コントローラ40は、ポジティブコントロール制御を行ってもよい。コントローラ40は、操作部31の操作内容(例えば操作部31の操作量)に応じて、ポンプ容量qの目標値である目標ポンプ容量qrを算出する。具体的には例えば、操作部31の操作内容と、目標ポンプ容量qrに関する情報と、の関係が、コントローラ40に予め設定される。当該関係は、例えば、ポジティブコントロールマップなどのマップであってもよい。
次に、所定の操作内容における操作量が変化する場合の制御について説明する。具体的には、特定のアクチュエータ25を特定の方向に動かす操作の操作量が変化する場合の制御について説明する。所定の操作内容における操作量が変化する場合には、例えば、操作レバーまたは操作ペダルの角度が変えられる場合が含まれていてもよい。
単位時間当たりにポンプ21が吐出する油の流量を、ポンプ吐出流量Q(図5参照)と定義する。ポンプ容量変化量Δqが制限されない場合は、ポンプ吐出流量Qの急変(急増または急減)に起因する問題が生じるおそれがある。さらに詳しくは、操作量が急変すると、コントローラ40が決定する目標ポンプ容量qrが急変する(図3参照)。ポンプ容量変化量Δqが制限されない場合は、目標ポンプ容量qrが急変すると、ポンプ容量qが急変し、ポンプ吐出流量Qが急変し、アクチュエータ25に供給される油の流量が急変する。その結果、アクチュエータ25が好ましくない動きをするおそれ、油圧回路20でキャビテーションが発生するおそれなどがある。以下、ポンプ吐出流量Qの急変に起因する問題の具体例について説明する。ポンプ吐出流量Qが急増する場合の問題([問題A])と、ポンプ吐出流量Qが急減する場合の問題([問題B])と、について説明する。
操作量の変化が穏やかな場合、具体的にはポンプ容量変化量Δqが後述する上限値R未満の場合は、上記のポンプ吐出流量Qの急変に起因する問題が生じにくい。そこで、コントローラ40は、操作量の変化が穏やかな場合は、ポンプ容量変化量Δqを制限しなくてもよい。この場合、コントローラ40は、操作量に応じた目標ポンプ容量qrに実際のポンプ容量qを制御してもよい。すなわち、コントローラ40は、例えば図3に示すマップを用いて操作量に対応する目標ポンプ容量qrを決定し、目標ポンプ容量qrに実際のポンプ容量qを制御してもよい。操作量の変化が穏やかな場合は、例えば、後述する図8のステップS31でNOの場合と、ステップS41でNOの場合とが該当する。
コントローラ40は、ポンプ吐出流量Qの急変に起因する問題が生じることを抑制するために、ポンプ容量変化量Δqを制限する場合がある。以下では、主に、コントローラ40がポンプ容量変化量Δqを制限する場合について説明する。コントローラ40は、ポンプ容量変化量Δqの大きさ(絶対値)が上限値R以下となるように、ポンプ容量変化量Δqを制限する。上限値Rは、ポンプ容量変化量Δqの大きさ(絶対値)の上限(制限量)である。コントローラ40は、ポンプ容量qが増加する時のポンプ容量変化量Δqの大きさの上限値R(増加側の上限値R)と、ポンプ容量qが減少する時のポンプ容量変化量Δqの大きさの上限値R(減少側の上限値R)と、を設定してもよい。コントローラ40は、ポンプ容量qの増加時および減少時にポンプ容量変化量Δqを制限してもよい。増加側の上限値Rと減少側の上限値Rとは、互いに異なる大きさでもよく、互いに同じ大きさでもよい。なお、コントローラ40は、ポンプ容量qの増加時および減少時のいずれか一方でのみポンプ容量変化量Δqを制限してもよい。以下では、主に、コントローラ40が、ポンプ容量qの増加時および減少時にポンプ容量変化量Δqを制限する場合について説明する。
上限値Rは、図2に示す操作部31の操作内容に応じて異なるように設定されてもよい。操作対象となるアクチュエータ25の操作方向および操作量によって、適切な上限値Rは異なる。従って、上限値Rは、アクチュエータ25の種類に応じて変えられてもよい。コントローラ40は、操作内容に応じた適切な大きさに上限値Rを設定する。例えば、操作内容と上限値Rとの関係(マップなど)が、コントローラ40に予め設定されてもよい。また、例えば、コントローラ40は、操作内容に応じて、予め設定された数式に基づいて上限値Rを算出してもよい。
一方、上限値Rが小さすぎると、ポンプ容量変化量Δqの大きさ(絶対値)が小さくなり、ポンプ吐出流量Qの変化が遅くなるという問題が生じる。
上記のように、操作量が変化すると、ポンプ容量qが変化し、ポンプ吐出流量Qが変化する。ポンプ吐出流量Qは、ポンプ回転数Nとポンプ容量qとの積に比例する。具体的には例えば、ポンプ吐出流量Qは、次の式で表される。
上記のように、ポンプ吐出流量Qは、ポンプ回転数Nとポンプ容量qとの積に比例する。よって、ポンプ吐出流量変化量ΔQは、ポンプ回転数Nに比例する。そのため、図5のグラフG3およびグラフG4に示すように、ポンプ容量変化量Δqの上限値Rが同じでも、ポンプ回転数Nが異なると、ポンプ吐出流量変化量ΔQが異なる。ポンプ回転数Nが高いほど、ポンプ吐出流量変化量ΔQが大きくなり、ポンプ吐出流量変化量ΔQが大きいほど、上記の「ポンプ吐出流量Qの急変に起因する問題」が生じやすい。ポンプ回転数Nが特定の「低いポンプ回転数N」である場合に「ポンプ吐出流量Qの急変に起因する問題」が生じないように上限値Rを設定すると、ポンプ回転数Nが上記の「低いポンプ回転数N」よりも高いポンプ回転数Nである場合にはポンプ吐出流量Qの急変に起因する問題が生じるおそれがある。一方、ポンプ回転数Nが特定の「高いポンプ回転数N」である場合に「ポンプ吐出流量Qの急変に起因する問題」が生じないように上限値Rを設定すると、ポンプ回転数Nが上記の「高いポンプ回転数N」よりも低いポンプ回転数Nである場合には、上記の「ポンプ吐出流量Qの変化が遅い問題」が生じるおそれがある。
上限値Rが同じかつポンプ回転数Nが異なる場合の、ポンプ吐出流量変化量ΔQの相違について、具体的数値を用いてさらに説明する。図2に示すポンプ21の最小容量(ポンプ容量qの最小値)を10cm3/revとし、最大容量(ポンプ容量qの最大値)を200cm3/revとする。コントローラ40が、ポンプ容量変化量Δqの上限値Rを、0.1sec当たり10ccに設定したと仮定する。
本実施形態では、コントローラ40は、単位時間当たりのポンプ容量の変化量であるポンプ容量変化量Δqの大きさ(絶対値)の上限値Rを、ポンプ回転数Nに応じて変える。
具体的には例えば、コントローラ40は、次のように上限値Rを算出してもよい。
ポンプ回転数Nと上限値Rとの関係について、具体的数値を用いてさらに説明する。アクチュエータの操作内容が所定の操作内容である場合に、ポンプ吐出流量Qの急変に起因する問題を抑制できるような、1秒当たりのポンプ吐出流量変化量ΔQの大きさの閾値が200L/minであると仮定する。以下では、ポンプ回転数Nが1000回/minおよび2000回/minのそれぞれの場合に、1秒当たりのポンプ吐出流量変化量ΔQの大きさが200L/minとなるような上限値Rを算出する。ここでは、ポンプ容量指令が電流値(ポンプ容量指令電流)であり、上限値Rが、電流値の単位時間当たりの変化量の上限である場合について説明する。
図8に示すフローチャートを参照して、図2に示すコントローラ40によるポンプ容量qの算出の具体例を説明する。以下では、フローチャートのステップS11~S51については、図8を参照して説明する。この例でも、特定のアクチュエータ25(例えば図2に示すアクチュエータ25のうちの1つ)を特定の方向に動かす操作(所定の操作内容)が行われる場合について説明する。また、ポンプ容量指令が電流値(ポンプ容量指令電流)であり、上限値Rが、電流値の単位時間当たりの変化量の上限である場合について説明する。
減少側の補正電流上限値Id4=減少側の基準電流上限値Id2×(基準回転数Ns/使用回転数Nc)
図2に示す油圧駆動装置1による効果は、次の通りである。油圧駆動装置1は、ポンプ21と、アクチュエータ25と、コントローラ40と、を備える。ポンプ21は、動力源17に回転駆動されることで油を吐出する。ポンプ21は、容量を変更可能である。アクチュエータ25は、ポンプ21が吐出した油が供給されることで作動する。コントローラ40は、アクチュエータ25の操作内容に応じてポンプ21の容量を制御する。
[構成2]コントローラ40は、ポンプ回転数Nが第1回転数N1のときの上限値Rを、第1上限値R1に設定し、ポンプ回転数Nが第1回転数N1よりも大きい第2回転数N2のときの上限値Rを、第1上限値R1よりも小さい第2上限値R2に設定する。具体的には、コントローラ40は、ポンプ回転数Nが第1回転数N1のときに、ポンプ容量変化量Δqの大きさ(上限値Rで制限されたポンプ容量変化量Δqの大きさ)を、第1ポンプ容量変化量Δq1に設定する。また、コントローラ40は、ポンプ回転数Nが第1回転数N1よりも大きい第2回転数N2のときに、ポンプ容量変化量Δqの大きさ(上限値Rで制限されたポンプ容量変化量Δqの大きさ)を、第2ポンプ容量変化量Δq2に設定する。コントローラ40は、第2ポンプ容量変化量Δq2が第1ポンプ容量変化量Δq1よりも小さくなるように、上限値Rを設定する。
[構成3]コントローラ40は、ポンプ回転数Nが大きくなるにしたがって、上限値Rが小さくなくように、上限値Rを設定する。
[構成4]コントローラ40は、ポンプ回転数Nが所定範囲内のポンプ回転数Nのときに、ポンプ21の吐出流量の単位時間当たりの変化量(ポンプ吐出流量変化量ΔQ)が一定になるように、上限値Rを設定する。
[構成5]動力源17およびポンプ21は、作業機械10に搭載される。アクチュエータ25は、作業機械10を作動させる。
上記実施形態は様々に変形されてもよい。例えば、上記実施形態の構成要素(変形例を含む)の数が変更されてもよく、構成要素の一部が設けられなくてもよい。例えば、上記実施形態の変形例どうしが様々に組み合わされてもよい。例えば、構成要素どうしの固定や連結などは、直接的でも間接的でもよい。例えば、図2に示す各構成要素の接続は変更されてもよい。例えば、構成要素の包含関係は様々に変更されてもよい。例えば、ある上位の構成要素に含まれる下位の構成要素として説明したものが、この上位の構成要素に含まれなくてもよく、他の構成要素に含まれてもよい。例えば、互いに異なる複数の部材や部分として説明したものが、一つの部材や部分とされてもよい。例えば、一つの部材や部分として説明したもの(例えばコントローラ40)が、互いに異なる複数の部材や部分に分けて設けられてもよい。例えば、各種パラメータ(設定値、閾値、範囲など)は、コントローラ40に予め設定されてもよく、操作者の手動操作により直接的に設定されてもよい。各種パラメータは、操作者の手動操作により設定された情報に基づいてコントローラ40に算出されてもよく、センサに検出された情報に基づいてコントローラ40に算出されてもよい。例えば、各種パラメータは、変えられなくてもよく、手動操作により変えられてもよく、何らかの条件に応じてコントローラ40が自動的に変えてもよい。例えば、図8に示すフローチャートのステップの順序が変更されてもよく、ステップの一部が行われなくてもよい。例えば、各構成要素は、各特徴(作用機能、配置、形状、作動など)の一部のみを有してもよい。
10 作業機械
17 動力源
21 ポンプ
25 アクチュエータ
40 コントローラ
N ポンプ回転数(ポンプ21の回転数)
N1 第1回転数
N2 第2回転数
R 上限値
Δq ポンプ容量変化量
Δq1 第1ポンプ容量変化量
Δq2 第2ポンプ容量変化量
Claims (5)
- 動力源に回転駆動されることで油を吐出するポンプであって容量を変更可能であるポンプと、
前記ポンプが吐出した油が供給されることで作動するアクチュエータと、
前記アクチュエータの操作内容に応じて前記ポンプの容量を制御するコントローラと、
を備え、
前記コントローラは、前記ポンプの容量の単位時間当たりの変化量であるポンプ容量変化量の大きさの上限値を、前記ポンプの回転数に応じて変える、
油圧駆動装置。 - 請求項1に記載の油圧駆動装置であって、
前記コントローラは、
前記ポンプの回転数が第1回転数のときの前記上限値を、第1上限値に設定し、
前記ポンプの回転数が前記第1回転数よりも大きい第2回転数のときの前記上限値を、前記第1上限値よりも小さい第2上限値に設定する、油圧駆動装置。 - 請求項2に記載の油圧駆動装置であって、
前記コントローラは、前記ポンプの回転数が大きくなるにしたがって、前記上限値が小さくなくように、前記上限値を設定する、油圧駆動装置。 - 請求項3に記載の油圧駆動装置であって、
前記コントローラは、前記ポンプの回転数が所定範囲内の回転数のときに、前記ポンプの吐出流量の単位時間当たりの変化量が一定になるように、前記上限値を設定する、油圧駆動装置。 - 請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の油圧駆動装置であって、
前記動力源および前記ポンプは、作業機械に搭載され、
前記アクチュエータは、前記作業機械を作動させる、油圧駆動装置。
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| JP2005139658A (ja) | 2003-11-05 | 2005-06-02 | Hitachi Constr Mach Co Ltd | 油圧作業機械の制御装置 |
| WO2020184606A1 (ja) * | 2019-03-11 | 2020-09-17 | 住友建機株式会社 | ショベル及びショベルの制御方法 |
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| WO1991002167A1 (fr) * | 1989-07-27 | 1991-02-21 | Hitachi Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. | Dispositif pour le control d'une pompe hydraulique |
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| JP2005139658A (ja) | 2003-11-05 | 2005-06-02 | Hitachi Constr Mach Co Ltd | 油圧作業機械の制御装置 |
| WO2020184606A1 (ja) * | 2019-03-11 | 2020-09-17 | 住友建機株式会社 | ショベル及びショベルの制御方法 |
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