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WO2024040788A1 - Procédé de traitement de détection d'agglomération se produisant dans un groupe de particules filamenteuses dans un lit fluidisé et système d'expérience - Google Patents

Procédé de traitement de détection d'agglomération se produisant dans un groupe de particules filamenteuses dans un lit fluidisé et système d'expérience Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024040788A1
WO2024040788A1 PCT/CN2022/136158 CN2022136158W WO2024040788A1 WO 2024040788 A1 WO2024040788 A1 WO 2024040788A1 CN 2022136158 W CN2022136158 W CN 2022136158W WO 2024040788 A1 WO2024040788 A1 WO 2024040788A1
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Prior art keywords
image
fluidized bed
speed camera
particles
coordinate plane
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2022/136158
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
顾丛汇
杜明铺
许冰洋
杨俊杰
赵海超
刘源
张军
万宇超
胡俐帆
钟宇生
欧阳敏
李园园
王华君
周会舜
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
China Tobacco Jiangxi Industrial Co Ltd
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Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
China Tobacco Jiangxi Industrial Co Ltd
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Application filed by Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, China Tobacco Jiangxi Industrial Co Ltd filed Critical Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
Priority to KR1020237013394A priority Critical patent/KR102849239B1/ko
Publication of WO2024040788A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024040788A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/60—Analysis of geometric attributes
    • G06T7/62—Analysis of geometric attributes of area, perimeter, diameter or volume
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/004—Nozzle assemblies; Air knives; Air distributors; Blow boxes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
    • F26B3/06—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried
    • F26B3/08—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T3/00—Geometric image transformations in the plane of the image
    • G06T3/40—Scaling of whole images or parts thereof, e.g. expanding or contracting
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/10—Segmentation; Edge detection
    • G06T7/155—Segmentation; Edge detection involving morphological operators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/90—Determination of colour characteristics

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of cut tobacco drying technology, and in particular to a detection and processing method and experimental system for the agglomeration of fibrillar particles in a fluidized bed.
  • Fluidized bed dryers are widely used in many industrial processes such as pharmaceuticals, agriculture, chemicals, and food engineering due to their high gas-solid contact efficiency and easy collection. Their working principle is to convert powders, pastes, and even suspensions into liquids. Liquid materials such as liquids and solutions are placed on air flow distribution plates such as porous plates, and drying media with considerable speed are fed from the lower part. When the medium flow rate is low, gas flows between the material particles, and the entire material layer does not move; gradually increasing the air flow velocity, the material layer begins to expand, and the gap between the particles increases; further increasing the air flow velocity, a considerable part of the material becomes suspended , forming a gas-solid mixed bed, that is, a fluidized bed.
  • the suspended material in the fluidized bed is very similar to a boiling liquid, it is also called an ebullating bed. Moreover, it exhibits the properties of a fluid in many aspects, has an obvious upper interface, and Keep it level; if you increase the airflow velocity, almost all the particles will be taken away by the airflow, and it becomes gas transportation.
  • a fluidized bed dryer is used to chop grass, tobacco leaves and seaweed into small strips for drying.
  • These special particles are in the shape of soft filaments. , which are flexible and are often called flexible filamentous particles.
  • Flexible filamentous particles are widely used in industrial fluidized drying processes. The inhomogeneity of special particle flow will greatly affect the fluid mechanical properties and equipment drying performance. These types of particles tend to stick together and are difficult to separate due to their flexibility, filamentous shape, and heterogeneity in moisture content. They can then be easily associated into higher-order structures that change quantitatively slowly (e.g., particle number growth). Eventually, so-called agglomerations form.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a detection and processing method for the aggregation of fibrillar particles in a fluidized bed, and to fill the gap in the existing image processing technology in the method of identifying the agglomeration of fibrillar particles in images. . And provides its detection and processing system.
  • a method for detecting and processing the aggregation of fibrillar particles in a fluidized bed including the following steps:
  • Step 1 Conduct a fluidized bed tobacco cold experiment on the experimental system.
  • the fibrillar particles are evenly blown into the riser through the guide plate.
  • Use high-speed camera one and high-speed camera two to measure the YZ coordinate plane and XZ coordinate plane of the riser pipe respectively.
  • Step 2 Load the image signals acquired by high-speed camera 1 and high-speed camera 2 into the PC.
  • the PC system filters out the YZ captured by high-speed camera 1 at the same signal time from a large number of image databases through the signal identification code of each frame.
  • the image on the coordinate plane and the image on the XZ coordinate plane captured by the high-speed camera 2 are combined and simulated into a three-dimensional image for calculation;
  • Step 3 Subtract the background image from the simulated three-dimensional image through morphological operations and subtraction operations;
  • Step 4 Perform grayscale processing on the image with background subtracted
  • Step 5 Use the automatic threshold acquisition algorithm to obtain the binarization threshold, and binarize the grayscale processed image
  • Step 6 Invert the color of the binary image
  • Step 7 Find connected domains, calculate the area and color it.
  • Use the pixel area method to calculate the pixel values of particles and agglomerations with different thresholds to obtain the areas of particles and agglomerations in the image, and color and distinguish the particles and agglomerations.
  • Pixel values from 0 to 1500 are dyed as color one and marked as small particles;
  • pixel values from 1500 to 3000 are dyed as color two and marked as large particles;
  • pixel values greater than 3000 are dyed as color three and marked as target agglomerations;
  • Step 8 Delete the part of the dyed YZ coordinate plane or particle image in the XZ coordinate plane that is smaller than the set threshold pixel area, that is, delete the single particle part;
  • Step 9 Perform secondary color inversion on the image after deleting the area smaller than the threshold, and finally obtain the fibrillar particle agglomeration image and agglomeration area data, and end the operation.
  • high-speed camera one and high-speed camera two have undergone parameter initialization processing before shooting, and the first signals of high-speed camera one and high-speed camera two are synchronized.
  • the shooting area of high-speed camera one and high-speed camera two is the dense phase area of the experimental system. .
  • the threshold area is set to 3000 to 3500 pixels.
  • a coordinate plane with a larger recognition area is selected for calculation.
  • the size of cut tobacco used in the experiment is 7.6mm ⁇ 0.9mm ⁇ 15mm ⁇ 0.9mm.
  • step four the grayscale value of the pixel on the image is set to 0 or 255.
  • An experimental system using the above-mentioned detection and processing method for aggregation of fibrillar particle groups in a fluidized bed including a fluidized bed, a surface light source lamp one, a surface light source lamp two, a fill light lamp one, and a fill light lamp two.
  • high-speed camera one, high-speed camera two, hub, PC side, surface light source lamp one and surface light source lamp two are respectively installed on the XZ coordinate plane and YZ coordinate plane of the riser of the fluidized bed, and the high-speed camera one faces the fluidization riser.
  • the XZ coordinate plane is set on one side of the fluidization riser, and a fill light is provided on one side of it.
  • the high-speed camera 2 faces the YZ coordinate plane of the fluidization riser, and is set on one side of the fluidization riser.
  • There is fill light 2 high-speed camera 1 and high-speed camera 2 respectively connected to the PC signal through a hub.
  • the drainage tube includes three arc-shaped low plates, a middle plate, and a high plate that are spaced obliquely from bottom to top.
  • the distance between the low plate and the inner bottom wall of the drainage tube is 5cm to 7cm.
  • the distance between the middle board and the low board is 12cm ⁇ 14cm
  • the distance between the high board and the middle board is 7cm ⁇ 9cm.
  • the arcs of the low-level board, the middle-level board, and the high-level board are 75° to 80°, 60° to 65°, and 50° to 55° respectively.
  • the opposite sides of the low plate, the middle plate, and the high plate are mortise-and-tenon joints with the inner walls of the drainage tube respectively, and the mortise-and-tenon gap is 0.5 to 1.5 mm.
  • the fluidized bed also includes a fan, a storage bin, a pull-out plate, a nut, a discharger, a discharge bin, a cyclone separator, a carrying container, a return pipe, a regulating valve one, a regulating valve two, and another part of the drainage pipe.
  • One end is connected to the fan through a ventilation pipe.
  • the upper end of the riser pipe is connected to the cyclone separator through an elbow.
  • the bottom of the cyclone separator is connected to the carrying container.
  • the top of the cyclone separator is connected to the side wall of the ventilation pipe through a return pipe.
  • the return pipe is installed at intervals.
  • the storage bin is set above the unloading bin.
  • the two are connected through nuts, and a pull-out plate is provided at the connection.
  • the unloader is installed on the upper part of the unloading bin.
  • the bottom is connected with the upper side wall of the drainage tube
  • This method uses the detachable drainage plate to evenly blow the fibrillar particles into the riser.
  • the curvature of the three drainage plates and the distance between them can significantly improve the uniformity of the particles.
  • image acquisition and calculation using surface light source lamp 1, surface light source lamp 2 and fill light lamp 1 and fill light 2 to fill in the riser tube section, the shadow part can be optimized, and high-speed camera 1 and high-speed camera 2 are used to capture the YZ
  • the images of the tobacco fluidized bed experimental process are captured by shooting on the coordinate plane and the XZ coordinate plane.
  • the image signals of the two camera units are loaded into the PC through the hub.
  • the system intelligently filters out the high-speed camera shots at the same signal moment from a large number of image databases.
  • the image of the YZ coordinate plane and the image of the XZ coordinate plane captured by the high-speed camera 2 are combined to simulate the three-dimensional image of the dense phase area at that moment for the next step of operation: subtracting the background and grayscale processing from the three-dimensional image , automatically obtain the threshold algorithm to binarize, invert the color once, find connected domains, delete the area smaller than the threshold, and invert the color twice to process the experimental image.
  • the pictures taken in the experiment are processed and finally captured the whole process image of the agglomeration of fibrillar particles in the fluidized bed riser area during the experiment and the target agglomeration area data. This process only takes a short time.
  • the device uses a tenon-jointed drainage plate to improve the uniformity of particles, making later replacement or disassembly more flexible.
  • the principle of measuring agglomeration is to use the pixel area method. Compared with the grid method, the pixel area method can more accurately measure the size of the agglomeration.
  • the present invention is not only applicable to drying cut tobacco, but is also applicable to the study of the flow characteristics of most fibrillar particles in a fluidized bed.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the experimental system of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the drainage plate
  • Figure 3 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the embodiment.
  • a method for detecting and processing the aggregation of fibrillar particles in a fluidized bed includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Conduct a fluidized bed tobacco cold experiment on the experimental system.
  • the filamentous particles are evenly blown into the riser through the guide plate, and the flow state of the tobacco in the riser area is monitored by high-speed camera 11 and high-speed camera 212 respectively.
  • Fill light 2 and 13 to partially fill the riser tube;
  • Step 2 The image signal is loaded into the PC 15 through the hub 14.
  • the system intelligently filters out the YZ coordinate plane image captured by the high-speed camera 111 and the XZ captured by the high-speed camera 212 at the same signal time from a large number of image databases.
  • the images on the coordinate plane are combined and simulated into a three-dimensional image of the dense phase area for calculation;
  • Step 3 Subtract the background image from the simulated three-dimensional image through morphological operations and subtraction operations;
  • Step 4 Perform grayscale processing on the image with the background subtracted to improve the computing speed
  • Step 5 Use the automatic threshold acquisition algorithm to obtain the binary threshold: binarize the image. Binarization can convert the grayscale image into a binary image.
  • Step 6 Perform a color inversion on the binary image: a color inversion can indirectly calculate the area of fibril particle aggregation;
  • Step 7 Find the connected domain, calculate the area and color it: According to the pixel number area of the connected domain, divide the images of the dense phase area of fibrillar particles into three categories, namely small particles, large particles, and target agglomeration connected domains, and perform The difference in dyeing of three different colors.
  • the dyeing logic is: 0 to 1500 pixel values are dyed as color one, such as red, and are marked as small particles; 1500 to 3000 pixel values are dyed as color two, such as yellow, and are marked as large particles; pixel values greater than 3000 are dyed as color three, such as Blue, marked as target cluster.
  • Step 8 Delete the part that is smaller than the threshold area: Delete the part of the dyed YZ coordinate plane or XZ coordinate plane particle image that is smaller than the set threshold of 3000 to 3500 pixels, that is, delete the single particle part (when the particle area in the two coordinate planes When S is greater than or equal to 3000 ⁇ 3500 pixels, the side with the largest recognition area is selected for calculation).
  • Step 9 Secondary color inversion: perform secondary color inversion on the image after deleting the small area ( Figure 4(d)), that is, perform secondary color inversion on the remaining agglomerated part of the image, and finally obtain the fibrillar particle agglomeration image as follows As shown in Figure 4(e), the operation ends.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 The experimental system using the above-mentioned detection and processing method for agglomeration of fibrillar particles in a fluidized bed is shown in Figures 1 and 2, including a fluidized bed, surface light source lamp 18, surface light source lamp 27, and supplementary Light one 10, fill light two 13, high speed camera one 11, high speed camera two 12, hub 14, PC terminal 15.
  • Surface light source lamp one 8 and surface light source lamp two 7 are respectively installed on the XZ coordinate plane and YZ coordinate plane of the riser of the fluidized bed.
  • a high-speed camera 11 is installed on the XZ coordinate plane of the fluidization riser toward the fluidization riser.
  • a fill light 10 is provided on one side, and a high-speed camera 2 12 is provided on one side of the fluidization riser toward the YZ coordinate plane of the fluidization riser.
  • a fill light 2 13 is provided on one side of the fluidization riser.
  • a high-speed camera 2 is provided on one side of the fluidization riser.
  • the first 11 and the high-speed camera 2 12 are signally connected to the PC terminal 15 through the hub 14 respectively.
  • the lower end of the riser pipe is connected to the drainage pipe 9.
  • the drainage pipe 9 includes three arc-shaped low plates 91, a middle plate 92, and a high plate 93 that are spaced obliquely from bottom to top.
  • the three plates are all drainage plates, and the low plate 91
  • the distance from the inner bottom wall of the drainage tube 9 is 5cm-7cm
  • the distance between the middle plate 92 and the low plate 91 is 12cm-14cm
  • the distance between the high plate 93 and the middle plate 92 is 7cm-9cm.
  • the curvatures of the low plate 91, the middle plate 92, and the high plate 93 are 75° to 80°, 60° to 65°, and 50° to 55° respectively.
  • the fluidized bed also includes a fan 1, a storage bin 2, a pull-out plate 3, a nut 4, a discharger 5, a discharge bin 6, a cyclone separator 16, a carrying container 17, a return pipe 18, a regulating valve 19, a regulating valve Valve two 20, the other end of the draft pipe 9 is connected to the fan 1 through a ventilation pipe, the upper end of the riser pipe is connected to the cyclone separator 16 through an elbow, the bottom of the cyclone separator 16 is connected to the carrying container 17, and the top of the cyclone separator 16 The side wall of the ventilation pipe is connected through the return pipe 18. A regulating valve 19 and a regulating valve 20 are installed at intervals on the return pipe 18.
  • the storage bin 2 is arranged above the unloading bin 6. The two are connected by a nut 4, and the connection is There is a pull-out plate 3, and the unloader 5 is installed in the upper part of the unloading bin 6. The bottom of the unloading bin 6 is connected with the upper side wall of the drainage pipe
  • Nut 4 is used to connect the blanking port of the storage bin and the feed port of the fluidized bed, and facilitates the disassembly of the unloader and the storage bin.
  • Three guide plates with different curvatures are used to blow the particles into the riser evenly, which can enhance the uniformity of the particles blown into the riser after passing through the guide plates.
  • the connection between the guide plates and the wall is a tenon joint, and the gap size is 0.5 ⁇ 1.5mm. , the tenon joint method can facilitate later replacement or disassembly.
  • the following preparations should be made in advance: Place the fill light one 10 and the fill light two 13 directly behind the high-speed camera one 11 and the high-speed camera two 12 respectively to measure the YZ coordinate plane and XZ coordinate plane of the riser respectively.
  • Fill light In order to improve the impact of the shadow part of the image on the image calculation, light source lamp one 8 and surface light source lamp two 7 are used on the YZ coordinate plane and XZ coordinate plane respectively for further fill light.
  • the setting parameters of the two high-speed cameras need to be initialized on the system and the signals collected at the same time to ensure the synchronization of signal collection.
  • the unloader 5 of the experimental system adjusts the motor to control the material flow, and controls the pull-out plate 3 to discharge the material for the experiment.
  • the fibrillar particles are uniformly blown into the riser through the drainage plate, and the high-speed camera 1 and high-speed camera 2 respectively capture images of the entire process of particle agglomeration in the YZ coordinate plane and XZ coordinate plane of the riser, which are used to analyze the agglomeration of filamentous particles. Distribution.
  • the cut tobacco enters the cyclone separator 16 and then falls into the carrying container 7 for collection.
  • the pressure at the outlet of the return pipe 18 can be adjusted through the regulating valve 19 and the regulating valve 2 20 respectively.
  • cut tobacco agglomeration generally appears in the dense phase area, so selecting the image of the dense phase area for calculation is beneficial to capturing the cut tobacco aggregation.
  • the image signals collected by the two camera groups are transmitted to the PC 15 through the hub 14.
  • the system intelligently selects the YZ coordinate plane images captured by the high-speed camera 1 and the images captured by the high-speed camera 2 at the same signal time from a large number of image databases.
  • the images on the XZ coordinate plane are combined and simulated into a three-dimensional image of the dense phase area to perform image operations.
  • the subtraction of the background image involves subtracting the background image through morphological operations and subtraction operations on the loaded image, that is, the flexible filamentous particle clusters are distinguished from the background.
  • Morphological operation is an image processing method developed for binary images based on the set theory method of mathematical morphology. Usually morphological image processing is expressed as a form of neighborhood operation. A specially defined neighborhood is called a "structural element". At each pixel position, it performs a specific logical operation with the area corresponding to the binary image. The logic The result of the operation is the corresponding pixel of the output image. The effect of morphological operations depends on the size and content of the structural elements and the nature of the logical operations.
  • the grayscale processing can improve the computing speed of grayscale images, that is, unify the RGB values of each pixel into the same value.
  • the grayscaled image will change from three channels to a single channel, and the single-channel data will be much simpler to process.
  • the purpose of image grayscale is to simplify the matrix and improve the calculation speed.
  • the algorithm for automatically obtaining thresholds can binarize images, and binarization can convert grayscale images into binary images, as shown in Figure 4(b). Binarization is achieved by setting the grayscale of pixels greater than a certain critical grayscale value as the grayscale maximum value, and setting the grayscale of pixels smaller than this value as the grayscale minimum value. That is to say, the gray value of the pixels on the image is set to 0 or 255, which means that the entire image presents an obvious visual effect of only black and white.
  • the one-time inversion color can indirectly calculate the area of fibril particle aggregation. Since the fibrillar particles themselves are black “0" and the background is white “1", 0 cannot be calculated, so it cannot be calculated. area of the particle. After inverting the colors, the fibrillar particles are white “1” and the background is black “0". At this time, the area of the fibrillar particles can be calculated.
  • the search for connected domains and coloring can divide single particles and clusters in different value ranges, and color them with different colors.
  • the deletion of the part smaller than the threshold area can delete the part smaller than the area of 3000 ⁇ 3500 pixels.
  • the size of the shredded tobacco used in the experiment is 7.6mm ⁇ 0.9mm ⁇ 15mm ⁇ 0.9mm
  • the shaped particles will deform and wind into agglomerates, so the size of tobacco agglomerates is generally larger.

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Abstract

La présente invention divulgue un procédé de traitement de détection d'agglomération se produisant dans un groupe de particules filamenteuses dans un lit fluidisé. Le procédé utilise un procédé de zone de pixel pour réaliser avec précision une reconnaissance tridimensionnelle sur des agglomérats et est utilisé pour capturer des parties de chevauchement tridimensionnelles de particules filamenteuses flexibles dans une zone de phase dense pendant un processus d'expérience pour du tabac haché dans un lit fluidisé. Un dispositif d'expérience utilise trois plaques de guidage d'écoulement présentant des radians respectifs de 75°-80°, 60°-65° et 50°-55° pour homogénéiser des particules. Un procédé de discrimination d'image comprend principalement les étapes suivantes : étape 1, photographie synchrone d'une expérience à l'état froid sur du tabac haché dans un lit fluidisé ; étape 2, chargement des informations d'image dans une extrémité PC ; étape 3, suppression de l'arrière-plan ; étape 4, réalisation d'un traitement d'échelle de gris ; étape 5, acquisition d'un seuil de binarisation ; étape 6, réalisation d'une inversion de couleur primaire ; étape 7, recherche d'un domaine connecté, calcul de la zone et réalisation d'une coloration ; étape 8, suppression de petites zones ; et étape 9, acquisition de l'image et de la zone d'un agglomérat cible. Le système et le procédé peuvent analyser la formation d'un agglomérat de tabac haché dans une zone de colonne montante, la zone de l'agglomérat et l'ensemble du processus de torsion et de changement de l'agglomération pendant un processus d'expérience.
PCT/CN2022/136158 2022-08-23 2022-12-02 Procédé de traitement de détection d'agglomération se produisant dans un groupe de particules filamenteuses dans un lit fluidisé et système d'expérience Ceased WO2024040788A1 (fr)

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KR1020237013394A KR102849239B1 (ko) 2022-08-23 2022-12-02 유동층 피브릴상 입자군 발생 응집의 검출 처리 방법 및 실험 시스템

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CN202211017292.0A CN115457110A (zh) 2022-08-23 2022-08-23 流化床纤丝状颗粒群发生聚团的检测处理方法及实验系统
CN202211017292.0 2022-08-23

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