WO2024040349A1 - Sonde magnétique pour la détection de défauts dans des câbles comportant une partie ferromagnétique, méthode et système associés - Google Patents
Sonde magnétique pour la détection de défauts dans des câbles comportant une partie ferromagnétique, méthode et système associés Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024040349A1 WO2024040349A1 PCT/CA2023/051119 CA2023051119W WO2024040349A1 WO 2024040349 A1 WO2024040349 A1 WO 2024040349A1 CA 2023051119 W CA2023051119 W CA 2023051119W WO 2024040349 A1 WO2024040349 A1 WO 2024040349A1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
- G01R31/085—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution lines, e.g. overhead
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/58—Testing of lines, cables or conductors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/72—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
- G01N27/82—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws
- G01N27/83—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws by investigating stray magnetic fields
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/58—Testing of lines, cables or conductors
- G01R31/59—Testing of lines, cables or conductors while the cable continuously passes the testing apparatus, e.g. during manufacture
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/0011—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables comprising means, e.g. flux concentrators, flux guides, for guiding or concentrating the magnetic flux, e.g. to the magnetic sensor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/06—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using galvano-magnetic devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/06—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using galvano-magnetic devices
- G01R33/07—Hall effect devices
- G01R33/072—Constructional adaptation of the sensor to specific applications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
- H02G1/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for installing, maintaining, repairing or dismantling electric cables or lines
Definitions
- the present application relates to the field of devices and methods making it possible to detect and locate one or more defects in components comprising at least one ferromagnetic part, and more particularly concerns a magnetic probe for detecting defects in cables comprising a ferromagnetic part.
- MFL Magnetic Flux Leakage
- LMA Loss of Metallic Area
- LF Loss of Linear Fault
- these devices or devices are not suitable for ACSR conductors, but rather for cables composed of steel only. More specifically, these devices or devices have an opening that is too small for most ACSR conductors or they are too heavy to be easily transported, including transport by drone. In addition, existing devices and devices cannot pass through the connection sleeves, which limits their characterization.
- a magnetic probe for detecting defects in a ferromagnetic portion of a cable.
- the magnetic probe includes a frame, at least three magnetic circuits, and at least three magnetic sensors.
- the frame has a central axis and a passage for passing the cable through.
- the at least three magnetic circuits are held by the frame, spaced apart from each other. others.
- Each circuit includes a core configured to extend along the cable when the probe is in use (ie, at least one side of the core is substantially parallel to the cable); means for generating a magnetic flux in a section of the ferromagnetic part of the cable; and an air gap located in the core to create a point of zero magnetic field surrounded by a region of low magnetic field, between the core and the central axis.
- Each magnetic sensor is associated with at least one of the at least three magnetic circuits and is located outside the core, in the low magnetic field region.
- the at least three magnetic sensors are capable of measuring a low magnetic flux or a low variation in the magnetic flux caused by defects in the ferromagnetic part of the cable.
- the magnetic probe includes exactly three magnetic circuits and three associated magnetic sensors equidistant from each other.
- two adjacent magnetic circuits are spaced 120° apart around the central axis of the frame.
- the core includes a longitudinal portion extending along the cable, when the probe is in use, and two legs oriented radially toward the central axis; and the means for generating the flux include a first magnet located in a first leg of the two legs and a second magnet located in a second leg of the two legs.
- the magnetic flux generated in the cable is below a magnetic saturation level of the cable when the magnetic probe is in use.
- the air gap of each circuit creates, produces or generates a magnetic field leak in the vicinity thereof and creates a point of zero magnetic field surrounded by an area of weak magnetic field.
- the at least three magnetic sensors are ultrasensitive sensors.
- the at least three magnetic sensors are sensors capable of measuring a magnetic flux of less than 5 mT.
- the at least three magnetic sensors each have an operating range of ⁇ 2.5 mT, and preferably an operating range of at least ⁇ 1 mT.
- symmetrical positioning of the at least three magnetic sensors and averaging of the measurements can compensate for movements of the cable relative to the central axis of up to ⁇ 2 cm by limiting the error to 2 pT maximum.
- the magnetic probe includes one or more control modules, each including acquisition means, processing means and calculation means for acquiring and processing signals captured by the at least three magnetic sensors, and to carry out calculations from the processed signals.
- symmetrical positioning of the at least three magnetic sensors makes it possible to reduce or eliminate the effect produced by a movement of the cable relative to the central axis on the measurements taken when the magnetic probe is in service, the calculation means being configured to average the measurements of the at least three magnetic sensors or carry out an equivalent operation.
- each control module includes means of recording and/or means of transmitting measurements or calculations carried out from the measurements.
- each control module is configured to calculate magnetic area losses (LMA) and/or identify broken strands (LF) from the values of the magnetic flux or the variations in the magnetic flux measured by at least one of the at least three magnetic sensors.
- LMA magnetic area losses
- LF broken strands
- each control module includes algorithmic means for reducing or eliminating the effect of a magnetic field generated by a current circulating in the cable under inspection, the cable corresponding in this case to an electrical conductor energized by a high voltage transmission line.
- a magnetic field originating from the cable or parasitic is an alternating magnetic field and the algorithmic means for reducing or eliminating the effect of the alternating magnetic field generated by a current flowing in the cable under inspection includes an algorithm for filtering a component at the frequency of a measured signal or to synchronize the reading times of flux measurements with the times when the current circulating in the conductor passes through zero.
- each control module is configured to calculate magnetic surface losses (LMA) from absolute measurements made by the magnetic sensors.
- LMA magnetic surface losses
- the magnetic probe includes a linear encoder configured to be in contact with the cable to be inspected, each control module being configured to locate broken strands (LF) from differential measurements made by the magnetic sensors or from absolute measurements read at regular intervals, the intervals being determined based on position readings obtained from the linear encoder.
- LF broken strands
- the magnetic probe includes a sensor of the Earth's gravitational field, each control module including algorithmic means making it possible to reduce or eliminate the effect of the Earth's gravitational field on the magnetic flux measurements made by the sensors.
- an opening of the magnetic probe corresponds to a transverse circular section around the central axis capable of receiving the cable between the at least three magnetic sensors of the magnetic probe, the ratio of the radius of the opening of the magnetic probe on the weight of the magnetic probe being of the order of 60 mm/kg. It should be noted that the opening is the circular section in the center of the magnetic probe 20, around the central axis, where the cable 22 will be located during inspection.
- the at least three magnetic circuits and the at least three magnetic sensors are positioned and sized to allow the inspection of cables whose ferromagnetic part has a diameter between approximately 2 mm and approximately 50 mm.
- the at least three magnetic circuits and the at least three magnetic sensors are positioned and dimensioned to allow the inspection of connection sleeves of electrical conductors on high voltage transmission lines, the ferromagnetic part including a section in the sleeves connecting the electrical conductors, and a transition zone between the conductors and the sleeves, in which the measurement of the magnetic probe allows the cable to be inserted into the probe and in which the opening of the magnetic probe allows a grip continuous measurement during relative movement between the magnetic probe and the sleeve.
- the at least three magnetic circuits and the at least three magnetic sensors are configured to allow inspection of the ferromagnetic core of ACSR type conductors.
- the frame, the at least three magnetic circuits and the at least three sensors have a total mass of less than 2 kg, making the magnetic probe portable by drone or similar means of transportation.
- the configuration of the passage in the frame allows the probe to be installed on a cable, by drone, without human intervention.
- the at least three magnetic sensors are of the “fluxgate”, Hall effect or magnetoresistance type.
- the measurements carried out by the at least three magnetic sensors have a linear relationship with a geometric parameter of the ferromagnetic part of the cable, facilitating the calibration of the magnetic probe.
- the passage includes a fixed, permanently open gap.
- the core and the legs each include a stack of mild steel strips.
- the frame does not include an opening or closing mechanism for installing the magnetic probe onto the cable.
- a method for detecting defects of a ferromagnetic portion of a cable uses the magnetic probe as defined previously.
- a system for detecting defects of a ferromagnetic portion of a cable includes a magnetic probe as defined above and transport means making it possible to move the magnetic probe along the cable so as to collect measurements representative of potential defects in the ferromagnetic part of the cable.
- Figure 1 illustrates continuous poles made of mild steel, and comprising magnets with a strong magnetic field to create a magnetic field.
- Figure 2 is a representation of the “magnetester” device.
- Figure 3 illustrates an example of a conductor.
- Figure 4 illustrates an air gap in a magnetic circuit to create a point of zero magnetic field, in accordance with one embodiment.
- Figure 5 is a side view of a magnetic probe, consistent with one embodiment.
- Figure 6 is a front view of the magnetic probe of Figure 5.
- Figure 7 is an example of a magnetic sensor, in accordance with one embodiment.
- Figure 8 illustrates a magnetic probe, in accordance with one embodiment.
- Figure 9 illustrates a magnetic probe, in accordance with one embodiment.
- Figure 10 illustrates a perspective view of the magnetic probe shown in Figure 8.
- Figure 11 illustrates a side view of the magnetic probe shown in Figure 9.
- Figure 12 illustrates a top view of the magnetic probe shown in Figure 9.
- Figure 13 illustrates the magnetic probe shown in Figure 9, into which a cable has been inserted.
- Figure 14 illustrates the ability of the magnetic probe to compensate for frame movement.
- FIGS 15 to 25 illustrate different results obtained with the magnetic probe.
- defects as well as any similar or equivalent expression, will be used in the context of this disclosure to refer to certain types of loss of material or physical integrity in ferromagnetic materials, such as losses steel section (“LMA”), broken steel strands (“LF”) and broken electrical conductor connection sleeves (such as ACSR type electrical conductors).
- LMA losses steel section
- LF broken steel strands
- ACSR ACSR type electrical conductors
- a signal represents a variation of any physical quantity.
- a signal can be analog or digital, and typically carries information.
- a signal can be continuous or discrete and have different characteristics such as, for example and without limitation, a period, an amplitude and a phase.
- an electrical signal can be representative of a potential difference, the intensity of an electric current, the variation in amplitude, the variation of a frequency, the variation of a phase and/or any other relevant physical quantity. It should be noted that the properties of a signal can be measured and during a measurement, a sample represented by a set of data is obtained. The data set is generally representative of the measured signal.
- the “measurement time” represents the duration, generally finished, the acquisition of a sample comprising a set of data. Following its acquisition, the signal (or the sample comprising a set of data representative of the signal) can be processed.
- the “processing” of a signal typically includes a method, a procedure and/or the use of technique(s) making it possible to confirm the presence (or absence) of faults, to locate the location of one or more faults where applicable, and/or to reveal certain physical characteristics relevant to the characterization of these defects.
- the processing of a signal may include operations or a series of mathematical operations.
- signal processing typically makes it possible to obtain a property of a signal which can subsequently be associated with a physical quantity or with the variation thereof, which can in turn be associated with the presence or absence of defects in the ferromagnetic part of the inspected cable.
- Frine resolution will mean that the resolution is less than 1 pT;
- Low offset (or “offset”) will mean an offset of less than 10 pT;
- Low noise level will mean that the spectral density of the noise is less than 10 nT/Hz;
- the apparatus(es), method(s) and system(s) described herein, or at least elements thereof, may be implemented in computer programs executed on programmable computers (eg, a microcontroller), each comprising at least one processor, a data storage system comprising, for example and without limitation, volatile and non-volatile memory elements, at least one input device and at least one output device.
- the programmable computer may be a programmable logic unit, a mainframe, a server and a personal computer, a cloud computing system, a laptop computer, a personal data assistant, a cellular telephone, a telephone smart device, portable device, tablet, smart display device, set-top box or virtual reality device.
- Each program is preferably implemented in a high-level programming, procedural, or object-oriented programming language for communicating with a computer system.
- programs can be implemented in assembly language or machine language. In all cases, the language can be a compiled or interpreted language.
- Each of these computer programs is preferably stored on a storage medium or device readable by a general or special programmable computer for the configuration and operation of the computer when the storage medium or device is read by the computer for perform the procedures that will be described in the this description.
- the systems may be integrated with an operating system running on the programmable computer.
- MFL Magnetic Flux Leakage
- the basic principle of MFL is based on the formation of a magnetic circuit between a magnetic probe and an inspected sample or object (or at least a portion of the sample or object).
- the magnetic probe is adapted to produce a relatively high magnetic field, or at least high enough to saturate the sample or object object.
- the magnetic flux locally changes path near the fault (it leaks), causing a decrease or increase in the field which is detected by appropriate detectors, such as magnetic detectors.
- the “Magnetester”, illustrated in Figure 2 (PRIOR ART). This device has a mass of 23 kg and a maximum opening of 44 mm, which is equivalent to an opening/mass ratio of 1.9 mm/kg;
- the “Intron”. This device has a mass of 3 kg and a maximum aperture of 24 mm, which is equivalent to an aperture/mass ratio of 8 mm/kg;
- the “Magnograph 3”. This device has a mass of 13 kg and a maximum opening of 45 mm, which is equivalent to an opening/mass ratio of 3.5 mm/kg.
- the configuration of the magnetic circuit is very similar from one probe to another.
- existing solutions include probes made up of “U”-shaped poles. These poles are continuous and made of mild steel, and include magnets with a strong magnetic field (e.g.: NdFeB) to create the magnetic field, as illustrated in Figure 1 (PRIOR ART).
- NdFeB strong magnetic field
- Magnetic sensors are generally placed near the magnetic circuit and in separate locations within the different probes. However, regardless of the choice of location, the magnetic sensors are in the presence of a non-zero magnetic field which is produced by the magnetic probe. Consequently, this configuration of existing solutions requires the use of a high dynamic range magnetic sensor (e.g., Hall effect sensor). This configuration is therefore less sensitive and less precise than a sensor with a smaller measuring range.
- Existing magnetic probes use multiple poles to eliminate or attempt to eliminate the impact of moving the cable/conductor through the opening.
- the Magnetester and Intron magnetic probes use 2 poles to reduce the sensitivity to cable movement along the gravitational axis.
- the Magnograph 3 probe uses 4 poles, which also reduces the sensitivity to cable movement in the axis perpendicular to the gravitational axis and to the cable axis.
- the presence of 2 or 4 poles requires an opening and closing mechanism to install the magnetic probe around the cable to be inspected.
- the technology described here concerns an ultra-light, large-aperture magnetic probe allowing relatively precise detection of steel section losses (“LMA”), broken steel strands (“LF”) and breakage in connection sleeves ACSR type electrical conductors. Relatively precise detection of these defects is possible despite the relatively low total mass of the magnetic probe. More particularly, the magnetic probe has a total mass of approximately 1.5 kg and has an opening having a diameter of approximately 90 mm, which is equivalent to an opening/mass ratio of 60 mm/kg. These characteristics allow the probe to be carried by drone, or similar means of transport, and to roll over the connection sleeves and portion(s) of high voltage cable, which is an improvement over existing probes which have been presented above.
- the aperture/mass ratio of the magnetic probe presented here is therefore approximately 7 times better than existing solutions.
- the magnetic probe described here has a three-pole cylindrical symmetry which makes it possible to eliminate or at least reduce the effect of the movement of the conductor on the measured signal, in addition to eliminating the opening and closing mechanism. .
- the creation of a point of zero magnetic field (zero point) on each of the poles of the magnetic probe allows the use of ultrasensitive magnetic sensors, and therefore, a very precise measurement, which is also an improvement compared to to existing solutions.
- the technology described here significantly outperforms currently commercially available probes in the precise application of steel cable inspection (which includes ACSR electrical conductors).
- the magnetic probe presented here measures LMA defects and relatively small LF defects with high precision, can be transported by drone or any other similar means of transport, can be deployed without an operator to open or close its passage, and has an opening large enough to inspect the connection sleeves.
- the magnetic probe is based in particular on the introduction of an air gap to the magnetic circuit to create a point of zero magnetic field ("zero point"), a three-pole symmetry and a use of the magnetic probe in unsaturated mode, as illustrated in a non-limiting manner in Figure 4.
- the three poles can be arranged at an angle of approximately 120° between them.
- poles 1 and 3 are attached to pole 2, but poles 1 and 3 are not attached to each other, thus leaving a passage at the bottom of the magnetic probe.
- This passage (see for example element 30 in Figure 6) is adapted, positioned and dimensioned to insert the conductor without having to open and close the probe, or to resort to an opening and/or closing mechanism. the magnetic probe. It is therefore not necessary for an operator to climb close to the driver to close and open the probe, as is currently required using existing solutions.
- the magnetic probe can therefore be deposited by drone, or any other similar means of transport, which allows rapid and safer deployment, reducing exposure to high voltages, potentially dangerous for operators.
- the three-pole probe geometry helps reduce and preferably eliminate signal variation caused by driver movement relative to certain components of the magnetic probe, as illustrated in a non-limiting manner in Figures 13 and 14.
- magnetic probes operate or operate in saturated mode. All existing magnetic probes intended for the inspection of steel cables seem to operate in saturated mode.
- the magnetic probe described here does not operate in saturated mode, which notably makes it possible to greatly reduce the weight of the magnetic probe. In testing, there is no evidence to suggest that saturation is necessary to make appropriate measurements. Indeed, the magnetic probe presented here makes it possible to detect relatively small defects in unsaturated conditions thanks to the use of ultrasensitive sensors.
- FIG. 5 An embodiment of a magnetic probe 20 for detecting defects in a ferromagnetic part of a cable 22 is illustrated in Figure 5.
- the magnetic probe 20 includes a frame 24, at least three magnetic circuits 26 and at least three magnetic sensors 28.
- the frame 22 has a central axis and a passage 30 allowing the cable 22 to pass through it.
- the at least three magnetic circuits 26 (or simply the magnetic circuits 26) are held by the frame 24, distant from each other. Note that passage 30 allows cable 22 to be inserted into frame 24.
- Each magnetic circuit 26 includes a core 32 configured to extend along cable 22 when magnetic probe 20 is in use; means 34 for generating a magnetic flux in a section of the ferromagnetic part of the cable 22; and an air gap 36 located in the core 32 to create a point of zero magnetic field surrounded by a zone of low magnetic field, between the core 32 and the central axis of the frame 24.
- Each magnetic sensor 28 is associated with at least one of at least three magnetic circuits 26 and is located outside the core 32, in the low-pressure zone magnetic field.
- the at least three magnetic sensors 28 (or simply the magnetic sensors 28) are capable of measuring a low magnetic flux or a low variation in the magnetic flux caused by defects in the ferromagnetic part of the cable 22.
- the magnetic probe 20 includes exactly three magnetic circuits 26 and exactly three associated magnetic sensors 28, equidistant from each other. In other embodiments, the magnetic probe could include four, five or six magnetic circuits.
- two adjacent magnetic circuits 28 are spaced 120° apart, around the central axis of the frame 24. It should be noted that the angle depends on the number of magnetic circuits being mounted on the frame 24.
- the core 32 includes a longitudinal portion 38 extending along the cable 22, when the magnetic probe 20 is in use, and two tabs 40 oriented radially towards the central axis of the frame 22.
- the means 34 to generate the flow include a first magnet 42 located in a first leg of the two legs 40 and a second magnet 44 located in a second leg of the two legs 40.
- the magnetic flux generated in the cable 22 is below a magnetic saturation level of the cable 22 when the magnetic probe 20 is in service, i.e., the magnetic probe is not operated in saturated mode.
- each magnetic circuit 26 is adapted and configured to create a magnetic field leak in the air 48 near the air gap 36 (i.e., in the air at the center of the circuit 26, and at the bottom of the core 32)), in the opposite direction to the magnetic flux generated in the air 48 in the absence of air gap 32.
- the magnetic sensors 28 are ultrasensitive sensors.
- the magnetic sensors 28 could be sensors capable of measuring a magnetic flux of less than 5 mT.
- the magnetic sensors 28 each have an operating range of ⁇ 2.5 mT, and preferably an operating range of at least ⁇ 1 mT. It should be noted that the magnetic probe 20 makes it possible to carry out measurements that are relatively insensitive to a drift in gain or offset as a function of temperature.
- a relative movement or displacement e.g., a radial displacement
- symmetrical positioning of the three magnetic sensors 28 and the averaging of the measurements taken by the latter can compensate for movements of the cable 22 relative to the central axis of the frame 24 up to ⁇ 2 cm by limiting the error to 2 pT maximum.
- the potentially negative effect of the relative movement of the cable 22 relative to the magnetic probe 20 can be compensated, which makes it possible to carry out fairly precise measurements for the targeted applications.
- the magnetic probe 20 includes one or more control modules, each including acquisition means, processing means and calculation means for acquiring and processing signals picked up by the magnetic sensors 28.
- the modules controls make it possible to carry out calculations, including a plurality of mathematical operations from the measured and processed signals.
- symmetrical positioning of the magnetic sensors 28 makes it possible to reduce or eliminate the effect produced by a movement of the cable 22 relative to the central axis on the measurements taken when the magnetic probe 20 is in service.
- the calculation means are configured to average the measurements of the magnetic sensors 28 or carry out an equivalent operation.
- Each control module could include means of recording and/or means of transmitting measurements or calculations carried out from the measurements.
- each control module is configured to calculate section or magnetic surface losses (LMA) and/or identify broken strands (LF) from the values of the magnetic flux or variations in the magnetic flux measured by at least one of the magnetic sensors 28.
- each control module includes algorithmic means for reducing or eliminating the effect of a magnetic field generated by a current circulating in the cable 22 under inspection, the cable 22 corresponding in this case to an energized electrical conductor of a high voltage transmission line.
- a magnetic field originating from the cable or parasitic is an alternating magnetic field and the algorithmic means for reducing or eliminating the effect of the alternating magnetic field generated by a current flowing in the cable under inspection includes an algorithm for filtering a component at the frequency of a measured signal or to synchronize the reading times of flux measurements with the times when the current circulating in the conductor passes through zero.
- each control module can be configured to calculate magnetic surface losses (LMA) from absolute measurements (/e., non-relative measurements) carried out by the magnetic sensors 28.
- LMA magnetic surface losses
- the magnetic probe 20 includes a linear encoder 46 configured to be in contact with the cable to be inspected, each control module being configured to locate for broken strands (LF) from differential measurements made by the sensors magnetic 28 or from absolute measurements read at regular intervals. The intervals are determined based on position readings obtained from linear encoder 46.
- LF broken strands
- the magnetic probe 20 includes a sensor of the Earth's gravitational field, and each control module includes algorithmic means making it possible to reduce or eliminate the effect of the Earth's gravitational field on the magnetic flux measurements made by the sensors .
- an opening of the magnetic probe corresponds to a transverse circular section around the central axis capable of receiving the cable between the at least three magnetic sensors of the magnetic probe, the ratio of the radius of the opening of the magnetic probe on the weight of the magnetic probe being of the order of 60 mm/kg. It should be noted that the opening is the circular section in the center of the magnetic probe 20, around the central axis, where the cable 22 will be located during inspection.
- the magnetic circuits 26 and the magnetic sensors 28 are positioned and sized to allow the inspection of cable 22 whose ferromagnetic part has a diameter between approximately 2 mm and approximately 50 mm.
- the diameter could be up to 15 mm, for example in the context of LF fault detection, up to 20 mm, for example in the context of LMA fault detection and up to 30 mm, for example in the context of detecting sleeve corrosion.
- the magnetic circuits 26 and the magnetic sensors 28 are positioned and sized to allow the inspection of connecting sleeves of electrical conductors on high voltage transmission lines, the ferromagnetic part including a section in the connecting sleeves the electrical conductors, and a transition zone between the conductors and the sleeves, in which the passage 30 of the frame 24 of the magnetic probe 20 allows continuous measurement during a relative movement between the magnetic probe and the sleeve, the relative movement being defined here when the magnetic probe 20 advances and gradually covers the sleeve, or conversely allows the sleeve to exit the magnetic probe 20.
- the magnetic circuits 26 and the magnetic sensors 28 are configured to allow inspection of the ferromagnetic core of ACSR type conductors.
- the magnetic circuits 26 and the magnetic sensors 28 can be optimized, in their position and dimensions, so as to allow inspection of the ferromagnetic core of ACSR type conductors, as opposed to an all-steel cable of the same diameter.
- the frame 24, the magnetic circuits 26 and the magnetic sensors 28 have a total mass of less than 2 kg, making the magnetic probe 20 portable by drone or similar means of transport.
- the configuration of the passage 30 in the frame 24 makes it possible to install the magnetic probe 20 on the cable 22, by drone, without human intervention, which makes it possible to greatly simplify the installation of the magnetic probe 20 on cable 22.
- the magnetic sensors 28 are of the “fluxgate” type, Hall effect or magnetoresistance.
- the measurements made by the magnetic sensors 28 have a linear relationship with a geometric parameter of the ferromagnetic part of the cable 22, facilitating the calibration of the magnetic probe 20.
- the geometric parameter could be a radius, a diameter, a section or area.
- passage 30 includes a fixed, permanently open gap.
- the core 32 and the legs 40 each include a stack of mild steel strips in a configuration that minimizes weight by optimizing the shape so as to concentrate and uniform the magnetic flux.
- the frame 24 does not include an opening or closing mechanism for installing the magnetic probe 20 on the cable 22.
- a method for detecting defects in a ferromagnetic portion of a cable is provided. The method uses the magnetic probe as defined previously.
- a system for detecting defects of a ferromagnetic portion of a cable includes a magnetic probe as defined above and transport means making it possible to move the magnetic probe along the cable so as to collect measurements representative of potential defects in the ferromagnetic part of the cable.
- the technology presented here is based on the combination of a large opening of the magnetic probe (diameter of 90 mm) and a low weight of the magnetic probe (1.5 kg).
- the technology also relies on the absence of a mechanism for opening and closing the probe thanks to the three-pole symmetry.
- the technology also relies on compensating the movement of the conductor on two axes thanks to three-pole symmetry.
- the technology also relies on the sensitivity of the probe resulting from a strategic location for the ultrasensitive magnetic sensors (range of ⁇ 2.5 mT) in a zero field zone (zero point).
- the magnetic probe includes the addition of an air gap in the magnetic circuit of the poles, the creation of a point of zero magnetic field (zero point) near the inspected object, the use of a detector ultrasensitive and low noise level near the zero point, carrying out the measurement of the inspected object in unsaturated regime and the use of 3-pole symmetry.
- This configuration makes it possible in particular to obtain an ultralight, ultrasensitive magnetic probe, with a large opening and without a closing mechanism.
- the technology described here is particularly well suited to ACSR drivers. It could also be used for all-steel cables.
- the magnetic probe described here allows the detection of LMA and LF defects, in addition to being able to be transported by drone, placed on the conductor without an operator to close it and pass through connection sleeves to inspect their defects. Non-limiting examples of results that can be obtained with the technology presented here are illustrated in Figures 15 to 25.
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23855938.9A EP4577841A1 (fr) | 2022-08-24 | 2023-08-24 | Sonde magnétique pour la détection de défauts dans des câbles comportant une partie ferromagnétique, méthode et système associés |
| CA3265338A CA3265338A1 (fr) | 2022-08-24 | 2023-08-24 | Magnetic probe for detecting faults in cables having a ferromagnetic portion, associated method and associated system |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA3171364A CA3171364A1 (fr) | 2022-08-24 | 2022-08-24 | Sonde magnetique pour la detection de defauts dans des cables comportant une partie ferromagnetique, methode et systeme associes |
| CA3171364 | 2022-08-24 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2024040349A1 true WO2024040349A1 (fr) | 2024-02-29 |
Family
ID=89979615
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CA2023/051119 Ceased WO2024040349A1 (fr) | 2022-08-24 | 2023-08-24 | Sonde magnétique pour la détection de défauts dans des câbles comportant une partie ferromagnétique, méthode et système associés |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4577841A1 (fr) |
| CA (2) | CA3171364A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024040349A1 (fr) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6057684A (en) * | 1995-10-31 | 2000-05-02 | Yoshihiro Murakami | Magnetic flaw detection apparatus using an E-shaped magnetic sensor and high-pass filter |
| KR20120091724A (ko) * | 2011-02-09 | 2012-08-20 | 한국표준과학연구원 | 와이어로프 결함 탐지장치 |
| CN108709928A (zh) * | 2018-08-30 | 2018-10-26 | 洛阳泰斯特探伤技术有限公司 | 一种单绳物联探头装置 |
| US20210190847A1 (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2021-06-24 | Dish Network L.L.C. | Methods, systems, and apparatus for low-power, wireless, power line fault detection |
-
2022
- 2022-08-24 CA CA3171364A patent/CA3171364A1/fr active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-08-24 EP EP23855938.9A patent/EP4577841A1/fr active Pending
- 2023-08-24 CA CA3265338A patent/CA3265338A1/fr active Pending
- 2023-08-24 WO PCT/CA2023/051119 patent/WO2024040349A1/fr not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6057684A (en) * | 1995-10-31 | 2000-05-02 | Yoshihiro Murakami | Magnetic flaw detection apparatus using an E-shaped magnetic sensor and high-pass filter |
| KR20120091724A (ko) * | 2011-02-09 | 2012-08-20 | 한국표준과학연구원 | 와이어로프 결함 탐지장치 |
| CN108709928A (zh) * | 2018-08-30 | 2018-10-26 | 洛阳泰斯特探伤技术有限公司 | 一种单绳物联探头装置 |
| US20210190847A1 (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2021-06-24 | Dish Network L.L.C. | Methods, systems, and apparatus for low-power, wireless, power line fault detection |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4577841A1 (fr) | 2025-07-02 |
| CA3171364A1 (fr) | 2024-02-24 |
| CA3265338A1 (fr) | 2024-02-29 |
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