WO2023234412A1 - 遺伝子改変動物由来の動物繊維 - Google Patents
遺伝子改変動物由来の動物繊維 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023234412A1 WO2023234412A1 PCT/JP2023/020690 JP2023020690W WO2023234412A1 WO 2023234412 A1 WO2023234412 A1 WO 2023234412A1 JP 2023020690 W JP2023020690 W JP 2023020690W WO 2023234412 A1 WO2023234412 A1 WO 2023234412A1
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- animal
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/027—New or modified breeds of vertebrates
- A01K67/0275—Genetically modified vertebrates, e.g. transgenic
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/027—New or modified breeds of vertebrates
- A01K67/0275—Genetically modified vertebrates, e.g. transgenic
- A01K67/0276—Knock-out vertebrates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
- C07K14/4701—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals not used
- C07K14/4741—Keratin; Cytokeratin
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2217/00—Genetically modified animals
- A01K2217/07—Animals genetically altered by homologous recombination
- A01K2217/075—Animals genetically altered by homologous recombination inducing loss of function, i.e. knock out
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2227/00—Animals characterised by species
- A01K2227/10—Mammal
- A01K2227/102—Caprine
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2227/00—Animals characterised by species
- A01K2227/10—Mammal
- A01K2227/105—Murine
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2267/00—Animals characterised by purpose
- A01K2267/02—Animal zootechnically ameliorated
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing an animal, an animal and animal fiber obtained by the method, and a textile product containing the animal fiber.
- the quality of animal fibers such as wool and cashmere is determined by factors such as fiber diameter, fiber length, and color tone.
- the fineness of the fiber diameter is an extremely important factor that affects the quality of the final product, as it is directly related to the feel, comfort, gloss, heat retention, elasticity, etc. of products such as woven and knitted fabrics.
- fine animal fibers have been produced using specific high-quality breeds, but even in high-quality breeds, fine animal fibers only make up a small portion of the total body hair, and as they get thinner, they become rarer. Because of the high price, the price was likely to fluctuate due to slight changes in the amount of downy hair, and the supply was unstable.
- animal fibers have a scale structure that causes unevenness on the fiber surface, and the friction between these scales causes entanglement between the fibers, which causes pilling (pilling) as well as changes in gloss, flexibility, smoothness, etc. This was a cause of quality deterioration that impairs the quality of the product.
- treatments have been developed to remove the scale using chemical methods or to coat the unevenness of the scale with a coating resin to smooth the fiber surface.
- this method can prevent entanglement between fibers, it impairs the original quality of animal fibers, so its application to animal fibers is avoided, and in particular, its application to rare animal fibers with small diameters is avoided. They tended to be shunned. For these reasons, there has been a desire for a technology that can stably supply animal fibers with a small fiber diameter and/or maintain its quality.
- the present invention provides a method for producing a human animal, an animal and animal fiber obtained by the method, and a textile product containing the animal fiber.
- the present inventors While conducting intensive research to solve the above problems, the present inventors discovered that by reducing the expression or function of genes constituting the Krt or Kap family, the diameter of animal fibers becomes thinner and that this reduction can be suppressed. It has been found that animal fibers with a small fiber diameter can be obtained from non-human animals that have the following. Through further research, the present inventors also discovered that animal fibers with a smooth fiber surface could be obtained from the animal concerned, and completed the invention.
- the present invention relates to [1] an animal (preferably a mammal, more preferably an artiodactyl) having a genetic modification, or an animal fiber thereof, the animal has animal fiber;
- the genetic modification is reduction or deletion of the expression or function of one or more genes constituting the Krt or KAP family, or disruption of the one or more genes, Genetically modified animals or their animal fibers.
- an animal having the genetic modification described in [1] above, or its animal fiber (i) compared to the animal fibers of allogeneic or allogeneic control animals that do not have the genetic modification, the animal fibers of the animals with the genetic modification have a smaller major diameter (e.g., 5-50%, or 5-50%); and/or (ii-1) compared to animal fibers of an allogeneic or allogeneic control animal that does not have the genetic modification, the animal fibers of the animal with the genetic modification have: The content of the protein encoded by the one or more genes is low, or (ii-2) the animal fiber of the animal having the genetic modification does not contain the protein encoded by the one or more genes. Genetically modified animals or their animal fibers.
- Mammals include mice, rats, rabbits, goats, sheep, alpacas, llamas, camels, yak, ibex, guanaco, kiwiak, chilu, raccoon dog, raccoon, mink, sable, fox, possum, opossum, beaver, seal, A mammal obtained by crossing a nutria, a ferret, or a vicu ⁇ a, or any one of these mammals, and a bird obtained by crossing a duck, a goose, a duck, or an ostrich, or any one of these birds.
- the genetically modified animal according to [9] above which is a bird, or its animal fiber.
- the above-mentioned animal fibers having larger animal fiber scale intervals e.g., 5% to 10% larger
- the genetically modified animal or animal fiber thereof according to any of the above.
- the above-mentioned animal fiber having thinner animal fiber scale thickness (e.g., 5-20% thinner) compared to the animal fiber of an allogeneic or allogeneic control animal that does not have the genetic modification.
- the genetically modified animal or animal fiber thereof according to any of the above.
- a material for use in obtaining any of the above genetically modified animals comprising a genetically modified animal having a genetic modification or its reproductive cells (e.g., sperm or eggs), wherein the genetic modification is based on Krt or A material that is a reduction or deficiency in the expression or function of one or more genes that constitute the KAP family, or a disruption of said one or more genes.
- a material, wherein one or more genes constituting the Krt or KAP family includes either or both of Kap8-1 and Kap8-2.
- a material, wherein the one or more genes constituting the Krt or KAP family includes at least one or more genes selected from Krt71, Krt72, Krt73, and Krt74.
- a material, wherein the one or more genes constituting the Krt or KAP family includes at least one or more genes selected from Krt71, Krt72, Krt73, and Krt74.
- the genetic modification further includes reduction or deletion of the expression or function of either or both of the FGF-5 gene and the Tyr gene, or disruption of the gene.
- a method for producing a non-human animal which comprises reducing the expression or function of one or more genes constituting the Krt or KAP family in the non-human animal.
- One or more genes constituting the Krt family of non-human animals are genes encoding Krt proteins expressed in the inner hair root sheath, hair epidermis, fur quality, or hair medulla of non-human animals; (1) The method described in.
- ⁇ 1> A non-human animal or its progeny that contains a modification that reduces the expression or function of one or more genes that constitute the Krt family or the KAP family.
- the gene constituting the Krt family is selected from the group consisting of Krt71, Krt72, Krt73, and Krt74, and the gene constituting the KAP family is selected from the group consisting of the KAP8 subfamily, as described in ⁇ 1>. non-human animals or their descendants.
- ⁇ 3> The non-human animal or its progeny according to ⁇ 1> or ⁇ 2>, further comprising a modification that reduces the expression or function of Fgf5 and/or Tyr genes.
- ⁇ 4> The non-human animal or its progeny according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 3>, wherein the modification that results in a reduction in gene expression or function is a knockout.
- ⁇ 5> A method for producing a non-human animal in which the average fiber diameter of animal fibers is significantly smaller than that of the wild type, the method comprising: a gene constituting the Krt family of the non-human animal; a gene constituting the KAP family; The method described above, comprising reducing the expression or function of one or more genes selected from genes that constitute the Krt family and genes that constitute the KAP family.
- ⁇ 6> A method for producing a non-human animal in which the average scale thickness of animal fibers is significantly smaller than that of the wild type, the method comprising: The method comprising lowering.
- ⁇ 7> A method for producing a non-human animal in which the scale interval of animal fibers is significantly longer than that of the wild type, the method comprising 1 selected from a gene constituting the Krt family and a gene constituting the KAP family of the non-human animal.
- the method comprises reducing the expression or function of one or more genes.
- the genes constituting the Krt family are selected from the group consisting of Krt71, Krt72, Krt73, and Krt74, and the genes constituting the KAP family are selected from the group consisting of the KAP8-1 subfamily, ⁇ 5> ⁇ The method according to any one of ⁇ 7>.
- ⁇ 9> The method according to any one of ⁇ 5> to ⁇ 8>, further comprising reducing the expression or function of Fgf5 and/or Tyr genes in the non-human animal.
- ⁇ 10> The method according to any one of ⁇ 5> to ⁇ 9>, wherein reducing or losing gene expression or function is gene knockout.
- ⁇ 11> A non-human animal or its progeny produced by the method according to any one of ⁇ 5> to ⁇ 10>.
- ⁇ 12> The method according to any one of ⁇ 5> to ⁇ 11>, wherein the non-human animal or its descendant is a mammal or a bird.
- Mammals include mice, rats, rabbits, goats, sheep, alpacas, llamas, camels, yak, ibex, guanaco, kiwiak, chilu, raccoon dog, raccoon, mink, sable, fox, possum, opossum, beaver, seal, A mammal obtained by crossing a nutria, a ferret, or a vicu ⁇ a, or any one of these mammals, and a bird obtained by crossing a duck, a goose, a duck, or an ostrich, or any one of these birds.
- the method according to ⁇ 12> which is a bird species.
- ⁇ 14> The method according to ⁇ 13>, wherein the goat is selected from cashmere, mohair, angora, and kashgora.
- ⁇ 15> A non-human animal or its descendant produced by the method described in ⁇ 5> to ⁇ 14>.
- ⁇ 16> Animal fiber obtained from the non-human animal or its descendant according to ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 4> or ⁇ 15>.
- ⁇ 17> An animal fiber product containing the animal fiber according to ⁇ 16>.
- (P1) Animal fiber of a non-human animal having genetic modification, the non-human animal has animal fiber;
- the genetic modification is reduction or deletion of the expression or function of one or more genes selected from the group consisting of Krt71, Krt72, Krt74, and KAP8-1, or disruption of the one or more genes, Animal fiber ⁇ However, the non-human animal does not have to be a dog or a cow ⁇ .
- (P2) The animal fiber according to (P1) above, (1) Compared to animal fibers from animals that do not have the above genetic modifications, animal fibers from animals that have the genetic modifications have a lower content of proteins encoded by the one or more genes, or (2 ) the animal fiber of the animal with the genetic modification does not contain the protein encoded by the one or more genes; animal fiber.
- (P3) The animal fiber according to (P1) or (P2) above, Compared to animal fibers from animals that do not have the genetic modification, the animal fibers from animals that have the genetic modification have a longer diameter that is 5% or more, 10% or more, or 15% or more smaller. animal fiber.
- (P4) The animal fiber according to (P1) or (P2) above, An animal fiber, wherein the one or more genes include at least Kap8-1.
- animal breeds having animal fibers with a small fiber diameter can be produced. Furthermore, the animal fibers obtained from such animals have a small fiber diameter, and there is little variation among individuals, and the overall body hair is thin. Therefore, it is thought that it will be possible to supply high-quality animal fibers with excellent feel, flexibility, stretchability, heat retention, and quick drying properties.
- animal fibers In addition to having a small fiber diameter, such animal fibers have a smooth fiber surface. Therefore, such animal fibers have better qualities such as feel, comfort, and gloss than conventional animal fibers having the same fiber diameter. Such animal fibers are also less prone to pilling and felting, so that such quality can be maintained over a long period of time.
- FIG. 1-1 shows the sequence of Krt71 in wild type (WT) and modified individuals of Krt71.
- FIG. 1-2 shows the sequence of Krt71 in each modified individual.
- Figures 1-3 show the sequence of Krt71 in each modified individual.
- Figures 1-4 show the sequence of Krt71 in each modified individual.
- Figure 2-1 shows the sequence of Krt72 in wild type (WT) and modified individuals of Krt72.
- Figure 2-2 shows the sequence of Krt72 in each modified individual.
- Figures 2-3 show the sequence of Krt72 in each modified individual.
- Figure 3-1 shows the sequence of Krt73 in wild type (WT) and modified individuals of Krt73.
- Figure 3-2 shows the sequence of Krt73 in each modified individual.
- Figure 4-1 shows the sequence of Krt74 in wild type (WT) and modified individuals of Krt74.
- Figure 4-2 shows the sequence of Krt74 in each modified individual.
- FIG. 5 shows the sequence of KAP8-1 in wild type (WT) and modified individuals of KAP8-1.
- FIG. 6 shows the sequence of KAP8-2 in wild type (WT) and modified individuals of KAP8-2.
- Figure 7 shows the sequence of Tyr in wild type (WT) and engineered individuals of Tyr.
- Figure 8 shows the sequence of Fgf5 in wild type (WT) and modified individuals of Fgf5.
- Figure 9 shows the sequence of KAP8-1 in wild type (WT) and modified individuals of goat KAP8-1.
- FIG. 10 shows the long axis of animal fibers obtained from wild-type individuals and genetically modified individuals.
- FIG. 11 shows electron micrographs of wild-type hair, Krt72 mutant hair, and KAP8-1 mutant hair.
- Figure 12 shows the appearance of a wild type mouse with black hair and its Tyr mutant.
- FIG. 13 shows the long axis of the cross-sections of the hairs of wild-type goats and KAP8-1 disrupted goats.
- FIG. 14 shows the results of Western blotting showing the presence of Krt72 and KAP8-1 proteins contained in the hair of various wild-type animals.
- FIG. 15 shows the sequence identity of KAP8-1 of various species with KAP8-1.
- Amino acid comparisons were made based on the domain (NCBI-CDD ID: 239162; 23 amino acids) in the goat and mouse KAP8-1 proteins.
- Figure 16 shows the sequence identity of Krt71 in various species. Amino acid comparisons were made based on the domains within the goat and mouse KRT71 proteins (NCBI-CDD ID: 365827; 314 amino acids). Artiodactyla and Carnivora were compared with goat KRT71, and Rodentia and Lagomorpha were compared with Mus musculus KRT71.
- Figure 17 shows the sequence identity of Krt72 in various species.
- Amino acid comparisons were made based on the domains within the goat and mouse KRT72 proteins (NCBI-CDD ID: 365827; 314 amino acids). Artiodactyla, Carnivora, and Diprodontata were compared with goat KRT72, and Rodentia and Lagomorpha were compared with Mus musculus KRT72. Figure 18 shows the sequence identity of Krt74 in various species. Amino acid comparisons were made based on the domain within the goat KRT72 protein (NCBI-CDD ID: 365827; 314 amino acids).
- the present invention includes a method for producing a non-human animal, which method includes reducing the expression or function of one or more genes that constitute the Krt or Kap family.
- the term "animal” refers to an animal that grows animal fibers, and may be a human or a non-human animal, and the non-human animal may be, for example, a non-human mammal, a bird, or the like.
- Mammals include, but are not limited to, rodents such as Muridae, Chinchilladae, Nutriidae, and Beaveridae; lagomorphs such as Lagoinae; and artiodactyla (also known as artiodactyls) such as Capriinae, Camelidae, and Bovidae.
- Muridae includes mice (such as Mus musculus), rats (such as black rats), Chinchilladae includes chinchillas, Nutriidae includes nutria, Beaveridae includes beaver, and Laporidae includes domesticated animals.
- Goats include, without limitation, Cashmere goats, Ibex, Changura goats, Angora goats, Shiva goats, Japanese Saanen, Alpine, Tokara goats, and the like. Sheep include, without limitation, Merinos, Porowas, Corriedales, Cheviots, Perendales, Romneys, Suffolks, Manxlovtans, Jacobs, Frieslands, etc.
- Birds include, without limitation, Anseriformes such as Anatidae, Ostriformes such as Ostrichidae, and the like.
- the Anatidae family includes, but is not limited to, mallards, house ducks, ducks, swans, geese, geese, swans, and beards, and the Ostrichidae family includes ostriches and the like.
- the non-human animal may be a non-human animal obtained by crossing any one of the non-human animals listed above.
- the non-human animal may be a non-human animal in which a gene other than the target gene of the present invention has been modified, in addition to the above-mentioned wild type. From the viewpoint of the usefulness of reducing the average fiber diameter by the genetic modification of the present invention, mice, rabbits, camels, goats, or sheep are preferred, and cashmere goats are particularly preferred as goats.
- the animal fiber may be human hair.
- the form of the non-human animal may be that of an embryo or that of an individual.
- Embryo refers to any cell or population of cells that has ontogenic potential. Embryos include, for example, fertilized eggs, early embryos, morula, blastocysts, or internal cell masses contained therein, as well as induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, embryonic stem (ES) cells, etc. .
- iPS induced pluripotent stem
- ES embryonic stem
- animal fibers grow (hair growth) from the body surface.
- An embryo can be grown into an individual by implanting it in the uterus of a non-human animal.
- An embryo or individual may be a mosaic or a chimera.
- the reduction in gene expression or function is caused by genetic modification of the target gene, even in mosaic or chimeric embryos or individuals, at least the cells constituting the hair follicle or germline cells must contain the modification. Bye. If the cells that make up the hair follicle have the modification, it will be possible to grow animal fibers with a thin fiber diameter, and if the cells of the germ line have the modification, they will be able to grow animal fibers with a thin fiber diameter.
- a homozygous genetically modified animal when two genetically modified homozygous animals are crossed, a homozygous genetically modified animal will be obtained with a 100% probability, and when a heterogenic genetically modified animal is crossed with a homozygous genetically modified animal, there is a theoretical probability of 50%.
- a homozygous genetically modified animal can be obtained, and by crossing two heterozygous genetically modified animals, a homozygous genetically modified animal can theoretically be obtained with a 25% probability.
- the genetic modification is preferably a homozygous genetic modification, ie, carried out on both the paternal and maternal chromosomes.
- the cells that make up a hair follicle include, without limitation, hair matrix cells (epithelial cells) contained in the hair matrix, pigment-producing cells (melanocytes), cuboidal epithelial cells contained in the hair root sheath, and hair follicle stem cells contained in the hair bulge. Alternatively, pigment stem cells, dermal papilla cells, hair bulb sheath cells, etc. may be mentioned.
- the hair follicle may be a single follicle or a compound follicle. In the case of a single hair follicle, it may be a primary hair follicle or a secondary hair follicle.
- the germ line refers to, without limitation, gametes such as eggs and sperm, or their underlying primordial germ cells, oogonia, oocytes, oogonia, spermatogonia, sperm cells, and the like.
- animal fiber refers to the above-mentioned animal fibers of humans or non-human animals, and for example, if the non-human animal is a mammal, it refers to animal hair fiber, and if the non-human animal is a bird, it refers to feather fiber. Point.
- animal fiber may also be referred to as "hair” or "body hair.”
- Animal hair fibers are animal fibers typically derived from the mammals detailed above. Specifically, examples include mouse hair, rat hair, chinchilla hair, rabbit or hare hair, angora rabbit hair, and cashmere goat hair.
- ⁇ Opossum'' is the hair of a beaver
- ⁇ Beaver'' is the hair of a beaver
- ⁇ Seal'' is the hair of a seal
- ⁇ Nutria'' is the hair of a nutria
- ⁇ Ferret'' is the hair of a ferret
- ⁇ Ferret'' is the hair of a ferret.
- Vicuna is mentioned.
- the same name may be used for the name of the animal and the name of the animal hair.
- the animal hair fiber may be guard hair or fluff (also referred to as underhair, undercoat, underfur, or downy hair).
- Cashmere is body hair that mainly contains or consists of fluff, which is obtained by removing the prickly hair from the body hair obtained from cashmere goats.
- Feather fibers are not limited as long as they are fibers derived from birds. It is typically an animal fiber derived from the avian species detailed above. Specifically, feathers of ducks, geese, ducks, quail, chickens, turkeys, long-tailed birds, bantams, pigeons, ostriches, pheasants, guinea fowl, or ostriches are included. Feather fibers include, without limitation, true feathers, cotton feathers, semi-cotton feathers, and the like.
- the animal fibers of the present invention include raw wool cut from non-human animals, raw wool that has been sorted, washed, or cut, and/or subjected to any processing such as scale removal treatment, enzyme treatment, or pulse treatment. It also includes.
- Krt family refers to a gene family that encodes keratin protein. "One or more genes that constitute the Krt family” is also referred to herein as a Krt gene. Furthermore, the protein encoded by the Krt gene is also called Krt protein. In general, the Krt gene or Krt protein may be represented by symbols other than Krt, such as, but not limited to, Ck, CK, KRT, K, etc.; however, herein, it is not represented by these symbols. The symbol for the gene or protein expressed is expressed as “Krt”.
- the Krt gene may be a member of the Krt genes maintained in the genome of non-human animals, and preferably may be a gene encoding a type II (neutral to basic) keratin protein.
- the Krt gene is preferably one or more genes selected from the group consisting of Krt71, Krt72, Krt73, and Krt74, more preferably one or more genes selected from the group consisting of Krt71, Krt72, and Krt74.
- Krt72 is more preferred.
- the Krt gene may be a Krt gene that is expressed in cells constituting hair follicles during the growth of an individual non-human animal.
- the period during which an individual grows refers particularly to the period during which animal fibers grow (hair growth) from a non-human animal, and may be expressed only during a specific period such as a specific time or season.
- Particularly preferred is a Krt gene that is expressed during a period of high hair growth.
- the hair follicle is not particularly limited as long as it is a hair follicle of a non-human animal.
- Such expression can be measured by methods commonly used in hair follicle transcriptome analysis, such as RT-PCR, qRT-PCR, Northern blotting, expression arrays, and RNA sequencing.
- proteome analysis of animal fibers can be used to determine the expression in hair follicles. It is possible to estimate the protein that has been produced.
- proteome analysis of animal fibers commonly used techniques may be employed; for example, proteins in animal fibers may be dissolved and analyzed by methods such as electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, or immunoassay.
- proteins in animal fibers may be dissolved and analyzed by methods such as electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, or immunoassay.
- Animal fibers consist of a hair shaft that comes out from the epidermis and a hair root that exists inside the hair follicle.
- the structure of the animal fibers in a hair follicle is such that the hair shaft, which consists of the hair epidermis (cuticle), fur (cortex), and hair medulla (medulla), is located at the center of the hair follicle, surrounded by an inner root sheath, and a companion. The outermost layer is surrounded by the outer root sheath.
- the proliferation, differentiation, and keratinization of hair matrix cells present in the hair bulb (hair matrix) located at the bottom of the hair root are some of the central processes.
- hair matrix cells that proliferate at the hair root differentiate into three types of hair stem cells: those that make up the inner root sheath, the hair epidermis, the fur substance, and the hair medulla. It proliferates while expressing itself and becomes cornified.
- Krt71, Krt72, Krt73, and Krt74 are known to be expressed in the inner root sheath during the growth process of animal fibers (Jeffrey E Plowman; Duane P Harland, Singapore Springer Singapore 2018, Hair (See Fiber: Proteins, Structure and Development).
- One or more genes selected from the group consisting of Krt71, Krt72, Krt73, and Krt74 are modified at least in the tissue including the inner root sheath. In this case, the modification may be specific to the tissue containing the inner root sheath.
- the present inventors have identified one or more genes constituting the Krt family of non-human animals, particularly genes encoding Krt proteins expressed in the inner root sheath, hair epidermis, fur quality, or hair medulla of non-human animals. It has been found that by reducing the expression or function of animal fibers, it is possible to reduce the fiber diameter or impart smooth fiber surfaces to animal fibers. The obtained animal fibers maintained a healthy layer structure and toughness. Accordingly, in one aspect, the present invention provides methods for reducing the expression or function of one or more genes encoding Krt proteins expressed in tissues including the inner root sheath, hair epidermis, fur quality, or hair medulla of a non-human animal. This includes methods for producing non-human animals, including methods for producing non-human animals.
- the one or more genes constituting the Krt family are genes expressed in the inner root sheath, that is, genes encoding one or more selected from the group consisting of Krt71, Krt72, Krt73, and Krt74. It's good.
- genes encoding the proteins that make up each of these subfamilies are thought to have the same function, as they have common expression timing and expression sites, as well as sequence homology. Therefore, by reducing the expression or function of genes encoding proteins within each subfamily, the same traits can be obtained in each subfamily.
- the Krt gene whose expression or function is reduced is preferably one or more genes selected from the group consisting of Krt71, Krt72, Krt73, and Krt74, preferably Krt71, Krt72, or Krt74, and Krt72 is preferably one or more genes selected from the group consisting of Krt71, Krt72, Krt73, and Krt74. Particularly preferred.
- the modified animal is Rodents such as Muridae (other than mice), Chinchilladae, Nutriidae, and Beaveridae; Lagomorpha such as Lagoinae; Artiodactyla (also called artiodactyls) such as Capriinae, Camelidae, and Bovidae; however, Carnivora, such as Canidae, Raccoonidae, Mustelidae; Cuscus, such as Possumidae; and Opossumidae, such as Opossumidae; Lagomorpha, such as Chinchilla, Nutriidae, Beaver, and Lagoinae; Carnivora, such as Caprilinidae, Camelidae; Carnivora, such as Canidae,
- the Krt gene may be a gene encoding a non-major component among protein components constituting animal fibers of humans or non-human animals.
- Animal fibers are composed of about 50-60% keratin and about 20-30% matrix proteins including keratin associated proteins (KAPs).
- KAPs keratin associated proteins
- Genes encoding non-major components are genes encoding Krt proteins, which are ranked in the top 10 or lower, 20th or lower, or 30th or lower when animal fibers are subjected to mass spectrometry among these Krt and KAP proteins. be.
- Krt86, Krt87, Krt83, Krt85, Krt84, Krt33a, Krt31, Krt34, Krt33b, Krt35, and Krt32 are genes encoding major components, and genes encoding components other than these major components are minor genes.
- a gene encoding a component for example, a gene encoding Krt71, Krt72, or Krt74.
- KAP family refers to a gene family that encodes a keratin associated protein, and "one or more genes constituting the KAP family” is referred to herein as a KAP gene.
- the protein encoded by the KAP gene is also called KAP protein.
- the KAP gene or KAP protein is sometimes represented by symbols other than KAP, such as Kap, Krtap, KRTAP, etc., and herein, the symbols of genes or proteins represented by these symbols are used. is expressed as "KAP”.
- the KAP gene can be, for example, a gene encoding a glycine/tyrosine-rich KAP protein, as long as it is a member of the KAP family retained in the genome of the non-human animal of the invention.
- genes encoding high glycine/tyrosine KAP proteins include genes of the KAP8 subfamily, and examples of the KAP8 subfamily include KAP8-1 and KAP8-2.
- the KAP gene is preferably a KAP gene encoding a high glycine/tyrosine KAP protein.
- the KAP8 subfamily is preferred as the KAP encoding a glycine/tyrosine-rich KAP protein.
- KAP8-1 is particularly preferred. Modifications of KAP8-1 include, but are not limited to, frameshift mutations, nonsense mutations, missense mutations, deletions, insertions, and the like.
- frameshift mutations and nonsense mutations may be generated at the 5' end of the gene to be disrupted, for example in the first exon or the second exon (preferably the first exon).
- Deletion is, for example, 1 amino acid or more, 2 amino acids or more, preferably 3 amino acids or more, more preferably 4 amino acids or more, 5 amino acids or more, 6 amino acids or more, 7 amino acids or more, 8 amino acids or more. , 9 amino acids or more, 10 amino acids or more, 20 amino acids or more, 30 amino acids or more, 40 amino acids or more, 50 amino acids or more, or 60 amino acids or more.
- Deletions may also occur, for example, at positions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, Any one or more of 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, or 62 It can occur at the amino acid of KAP8-1 corresponding to the amino acid. The deletion may induce a reduction or loss of protein function of KAP8-1.
- Frameshift mutations include insertions or deletions of n bases in length in the exon region of the nucleic acid encoding KAP8-1 (where n is a natural number that is not a multiple of 3). ⁇ .
- n is 1 or more, 2 or more, 4 or more, 5 or more, 7 or more, 8 or more, 10 or more, 11 or more, 13 or more, 14 or more, 16 or more, 17 or more, 19 or more, 20 or more, 30 or more, 40 50 or more, 60 or more, 70 or more, 80 or more, 90 or more, 100 or more, 110 or more, 120 or more, 130 or more, 140 or more, or 150 or more.
- the frameshift may induce a reduction or loss of KAP8-1 protein function.
- Nonsense mutations include, for example, positions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 of the amino acid sequence registered as GenBank: AAS00529.1. , 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41 , 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, or 62. may occur within the region of KAP8-1 corresponding to .
- missense mutations are, for example, positions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 of the amino acid sequence registered as GenBank: AAS00529.1.
- KAP8-1 may be, for example, deletion of the amino acids of KAP8-1 corresponding to positions 30 and 31 of the amino acid sequence registered as GenBank: AAS00529.1.
- Amino acids corresponding to specific positions in amino acid sequences are amino acids that are aligned at the same position when two or more amino acid sequences are aligned.
- the amino acids of KAP8-1 corresponding to positions 30 and 31 of the amino acid sequence registered as GenBank: AAS00529.1 are obtained by aligning the amino acid sequence registered as GenBank: AAS00529.1 with the amino acid sequence of KAP8-1.
- the genetically modified animal has one or more genes selected from the group consisting of Krt71, Krt72, and Krt74, and reduced expression or function of the KAP8-1 gene, or has disruption of the gene. .
- the genetically modified animal has reduced expression or function of Krt71 and KAP8-1, or disruption of the genes.
- Genetically modified animals have reduced expression or function of Krt74 and KAP8-1, or disruption of the genes.
- the genetically modified animal has reduced expression or function of Krt72 and KAP8-1, or disruption of said genes.
- the genetically modified animal is Krt71, Krt72, and KAP8-1; Krt72, Krt74, and KAP8-1; or Krt72, Krt74, and KAP8-1 , or disruption of the gene.
- the genetically modified animal has reduced expression or function of Krt71, Krt72, Krt74, and KAP8-1, or disruption of the above genes.
- the genetically modified animal is male or female. If it is determined whether male or female animal fiber is better for each animal fiber depending on the desired characteristics of the animal fiber, select male or female according to the desired characteristics of the animal fiber, and use the animal fiber. can be obtained. In one aspect of the invention, the genetically modified animal may have a certain age.
- the average fiber diameter (longer diameter) of animal fibers (especially body hair) from the genetically modified animal is different from the average fiber diameter (longer diameter) of animal fibers (especially body hair) from the same animal that does not have the genetic modification. ) can be selected.
- a genetically modified animal having a genetic modification in which the average fiber diameter (longer diameter) of its animal fibers (particularly body hair) is the same as an allogeneic or allogeneic animal without the genetic modification.
- the control animal is preferably allogeneic, but can be an allogeneic animal if an allogeneic control animal is not available.
- the allogeneic animal is preferably an allogeneic wild-type animal, more preferably an unmodified animal. The effect of genetic modification can be most appropriately evaluated by comparing before and after modification.
- the present invention encompasses the method described above, which comprises reducing the expression or function of one or more genes selected from one or more genes constituting the Krt or KAP family.
- the present invention provides reducing the expression or function of one or more genes selected from the group consisting of Krt71, Krt72, and Krt74 and the KAP8-1 gene, or disrupting (knocking out) the gene. Including.
- the Fgf5 gene herein refers to a gene encoding FGF5 (Fibroblast growth factor 5). Generally, in addition to Fgf5, it may be represented by symbols such as FGF-5 and HBGF-5 without limitation, but in this specification, genes represented by these symbols are referred to as "Fgf5". represent.
- the Tyr gene herein refers to a gene encoding Tyrosinase.
- genes may be represented by symbols such as TYR, LB24-AB, and SK29-AB, without limitation, but in this specification, genes represented by these symbols are referred to as " Tyr”.
- the Krt gene, Kap gene, Fgf5 gene, and Tyr gene may be collectively referred to as “target genes.” Furthermore, the protein encoded by the target gene is sometimes referred to as the "target protein.”
- homolog refers to a group of highly similar genes that have the same evolutionary origin. Homologs are classified into two types: “orthologs” and “paralogs.” Orthologs refer to homologues that were the same genes when species diverged. Paralog refers to a homolog that has arisen through gene duplication within the same species.
- Krt71 The nucleic acid and amino acid sequences of Krt71 are known in various biological species.
- Mouse Krt71 has, for example, the amino acid sequence registered as GenBank: AAI25349.1 or the amino acid sequence of Krt71 corresponding to the amino acid sequence.
- Goat Krt71 has, for example, the amino acid sequence registered as NCBI Reference Sequence: XP_017903206.1 or the amino acid sequence of Krt71 corresponding to the amino acid sequence.
- Ovine Krt71 has, for example, the amino acid sequence registered as GenBank: AFV46425.1 or the amino acid sequence of Krt71 corresponding to the amino acid sequence.
- Rabbit Krt71 has, for example, the amino acid sequence registered as NCBI Reference Sequence: XP_002711049.1 or the amino acid sequence of Krt71 corresponding to the amino acid sequence.
- Mink Krt71 has, for example, the amino acid sequence registered as NCBI Reference Sequence: XP_044084420.1 or the amino acid sequence of Krt71 corresponding to the amino acid sequence.
- Human Krt71 has, for example, the amino acid sequence registered as GenBank: AAI03919.1 or the amino acid sequence of Krt71 corresponding to the amino acid sequence. Those skilled in the art will be able to determine the amino acid sequence of the Krt71 gene and protein for each species.
- Krt72 The nucleic acid and amino acid sequences of Krt72 are known in various biological species.
- Mouse Krt72 has, for example, the amino acid sequence registered as GenBank: EDL04025.1 or the amino acid sequence of Krt72 corresponding to the amino acid sequence.
- Goat Krt72 has, for example, the amino acid sequence registered as NCBI Reference Sequence: XP_013832621.2 or the amino acid sequence of Krt72 corresponding to the amino acid sequence.
- Ovine Krt72 has, for example, an amino acid sequence registered as NCBI Reference Sequence: XP_004006372.2 or NCBI Reference Sequence: XP_042102628.1, or an amino acid sequence of Krt72 corresponding to the amino acid sequence.
- Rabbit Krt72 has, for example, the amino acid sequence registered as NCBI Reference Sequence: XP_008254713.1 or the amino acid sequence of Krt72 corresponding to the amino acid sequence.
- Mink Krt72 has, for example, an amino acid sequence registered as NCBI Reference Sequence: XP_044085134.1 or NCBI Reference Sequence: XP_044085135.1, or an amino acid sequence of Krt72 corresponding to the amino acid sequence.
- Human Krt72 has, for example, the amino acid sequence registered as GenBank: AAI13687.1 or the amino acid sequence of Krt72 corresponding to the amino acid sequence. Those skilled in the art will be able to determine the amino acid sequence of the Krt72 gene and protein for each species.
- Krt74 The nucleic acid and amino acid sequences of Krt74 are known in various biological species.
- Mouse Krt74 has, for example, the amino acid sequence registered as GenBank: EDL04026.1 or the amino acid sequence of Krt74 corresponding to the amino acid sequence.
- Goat Krt74 has, for example, the amino acid sequence registered as NCBI Reference Sequence: XP_005701908.2 or the amino acid sequence of Krt74 corresponding to the amino acid sequence.
- Ovine Krt74 has, for example, the amino acid sequence registered as NCBI Reference Sequence: XP_004006373.1 or the amino acid sequence of Krt74 corresponding to the amino acid sequence.
- Mink Krt74 has, for example, the amino acid sequence registered as NCBI Reference Sequence: XP_044085217.1 or the amino acid sequence of Krt74 corresponding to the amino acid sequence.
- Human Krt74 has, for example, the amino acid sequence registered as GenBank: KAI2565848.1 or the amino acid sequence of Krt74 corresponding to the amino acid sequence. Those skilled in the art will be able to determine the amino acid sequence of the Krt74 gene and protein for each species.
- KAP8-1 The nucleic acid and amino acid sequences of keratin associated protein 8-1 (KAP8-1) are known in various biological species.
- Mouse KAP8-1 has, for example, the amino acid sequence registered as NCBI Reference Sequence: NP_034805.1 or the amino acid sequence of KAP8-1 corresponding to the amino acid sequence.
- Goat KAP8-1 has, for example, the amino acid sequence registered as GenBank: AAS00529.1 or the amino acid sequence of KAP8-1 corresponding to the amino acid sequence.
- Ovine KAP8-1 has, for example, the amino acid sequence registered as NCBI Reference Sequence: XP_027834241.1 or the amino acid sequence of KAP8-1 corresponding to the amino acid sequence.
- Rabbit KAP8-1 has, for example, the amino acid sequence registered as NCBI Reference Sequence: XP_017202204.1 or the amino acid sequence of KAP8-1 corresponding to the amino acid sequence.
- Mink KAP8-1 has, for example, the amino acid sequence registered as NCBI Reference Sequence: XP_044110896.1 or the amino acid sequence of KAP8-1 corresponding to the amino acid sequence.
- Human KAP8-1 has, for example, the amino acid sequence registered as NCBI Reference Sequence: NP_787053.1 or the amino acid sequence of KAP8-1 corresponding to the amino acid sequence.
- the nucleic acid and amino acid sequences of fibroblast growth factor 5 are known in various biological species.
- Mouse Fgf5 has, for example, the amino acid sequence registered as GenBank: AAH71227.1 or the amino acid sequence of Fgf5 corresponding to the amino acid sequence.
- Goat Fgf5 has, for example, the amino acid sequence registered as GenBank: AIZ78004.1 or the amino acid sequence of Fgf5 corresponding to the amino acid sequence.
- Sheep Fgf5 has, for example, the amino acid sequence registered as GenBank: AID52934.1 or the amino acid sequence of Fgf5 corresponding to the amino acid sequence.
- Rabbit Fgf5 has, for example, the amino acid sequence registered as NCBI Reference Sequence: XP_008265908.1 or the amino acid sequence of Fgf5 corresponding to the amino acid sequence.
- Mink Fgf5 has, for example, the amino acid sequence registered as NCBI Reference Sequence: XP_044080065.1 or the amino acid sequence of Fgf5 corresponding to the amino acid sequence.
- Human Fgf5 has, for example, the amino acid sequence registered as GenBank: AAB06463.1 or the amino acid sequence of Fgf5 corresponding to the amino acid sequence.
- GenBank GenBank
- Fgf5 Gene and protein for each species.
- Fgf5 is expressed in the outer root sheath and can therefore be modified in tissues containing the outer root sheath. Modifications may be tissue specific.
- tyrosinase The nucleic acid and amino acid sequences of tyrosinase (tyr) are known in various biological species.
- Mouse Tyr has, for example, the amino acid sequence registered as GenBank: BAA00341.1 or the amino acid sequence of tyr corresponding to the amino acid sequence.
- Goat Tyr has, for example, the amino acid sequence registered as GenBank: AEV91332.1 or the amino acid sequence of tyr corresponding to the amino acid sequence.
- Sheep tyr has, for example, the amino acid sequence registered as GenBank: ACF21682.1 or the tyr amino acid sequence corresponding to the amino acid sequence.
- Rabbit tyr has, for example, the amino acid sequence registered as NCBI Reference Sequence: NP_001075546.1 or the tyr amino acid sequence corresponding to the amino acid sequence.
- Mink tyr has, for example, the amino acid sequence registered as GenBank: AJO15925.1 or the tyr amino acid sequence corresponding to the amino acid sequence.
- Human tyr has, for example, the amino acid sequence registered as GenBank: AAB60319.1 or the tyr amino acid sequence corresponding to the amino acid sequence.
- An ortholog or homologue of a protein having the above amino acid sequence has high homology with any of these amino acid sequences.
- High homology means 50% or more, 60% or more, preferably 70% or more, more preferably 80% or more, and even more preferably 90% or more (for example, 95% or more, furthermore 96%, 97%, 98%). or 99% or more) homology. This homology can be determined using the default parameters of the protein BLAST algorithm provided by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).
- Nucleic acid sequences encoding any of the above amino acid sequences can be determined by nucleic acid sequence searches at NCBI's National Library of Medicine. It would also be possible to determine the nucleic acid sequence from a codon mapping table based on the amino acid sequence. The nucleic acid sequence may be codon-optimized for the cell expressing the nucleic acid sequence. Furthermore, DNA having a base sequence encoding any of the above proteins can be isolated by hybridizing under stringent conditions with DNA having a natural nucleic acid sequence.
- stringent conditions include, for example, “2x SSC, 0.1% SDS, 50°C”, “2x SSC, 0.1% SDS, 42°C", “1x SSC, 0.1 % SDS, 37°C”, and more stringent conditions were “2x SSC, 0.1% SDS, 65°C", “0.5x SSC, 0.1% SDS, 42°C", and "0. Conditions such as “2xSSC, 0.1% SDS, 65°C” can be mentioned. Those skilled in the art can appropriately obtain homolog base sequences based on the base sequences or symbols described in SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 26 described above in other organisms.
- the target protein is a protein other than the one having the above-mentioned specific amino acid sequence, the homology is high (usually 65% or more, 70% or more, preferably 80% or more, more preferably 90% or more, most preferably 95% or more). ) and having the function of the target protein are also included in the target protein of the present invention.
- reducing the expression or function of a gene means reducing or eliminating the expression of a target gene or protein, or decreasing or eliminating the function of a target protein.
- Methods for reducing the expression or function of the target gene include, for example, destroying the target gene, suppressing transcription of the target gene, degrading transcripts of the target gene, and inhibiting translation of the target gene. , inhibiting the interaction between the target protein and other molecules, and inhibiting the normal folding of the target protein.
- Specific means for realizing these methods include means that involve genome modification in humans or non-human animals, and means that do not involve modification.
- Means that do not involve modification of the genome include expression constructs such as epigenetic regulators, inhibitory nucleic acid factors (such as miRNA), and RNA editing factors that reduce the expression or function of the target gene, or any low molecular weight that binds to the target protein. Examples include administration of molecules and the like.
- a preferred example of the present invention is a method involving modification of the target gene, from the viewpoint that animal fibers having desired characteristics can be obtained from the offspring of humans or non-human animals.
- Modification means artificially deleting, substituting, and/or inserting nucleotides to change a given base sequence to another base sequence.
- the nucleotide may be a single base nucleotide, an oligonucleotide, a long chain nucleotide, or the like. Modifications include, for example, missense mutations, frameshift mutations, nonsense mutations, and deletions of one or more amino acids. In genetically modified animals, the modification reduces the expression or function of the modified gene or protein, or destroys the modified gene or protein.
- knockout refers to modification that results in a reduction in the expression or function of a target gene, preferably disruption of the target gene.
- Knockout is not limited as long as it is such a modification, and may be a modification of the target region or any region on the genome other than the target region.
- region of interest refers to the coding region of the gene of interest and the region encoding any cis or trans element that controls the expression of the gene of interest outside the coding region.
- Modification of any region on the genome includes insertion of external genes that reduce or destroy the expression or function of the target gene, such as expression of genome editing factors, inhibitory nucleic acid factors, RNA editing factors, epigenetic control factors, etc. Modifications that insert cassettes are also included. Such an expression cassette does not have to cause a reduction or destruction of the expression or function of the target gene immediately after insertion, as long as it causes the reduction or destruction after a predetermined period of time.
- knockout may be modification of part or all of the target region.
- a "part” is a part of the target region and has a length necessary to reduce or destroy gene expression or function.
- the expression or function of the gene can be reduced or destroyed, especially eliminated, due to a frameshift, and even if a frameshift does not occur, the deletion, substitution, or insertion will result in a stop codon.
- Nonsense mutations can reduce or destroy, in particular eliminate, the expression or function of the protein of interest.
- modification may be made to any exon such as the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, or 6th exon without limitation, but it is preferable to modify the 1st exon or the 2nd exon. It may be an exon modification (frameshift mutation or nonsense mutation).
- the knockout may be homozygous or heterozygous as long as it can reduce or destroy gene expression or function.
- homosexual means having alterations in both the paternal and maternal chromosomes (both alleles), and may be indicated as [-/-] herein.
- hetero when used for genetic modification means having a modification only on either the paternal or maternal side (monial allele), and in this specification, [-/+] or Sometimes indicated as [+/-].
- the knockout is preferably a homozygous knockout from the viewpoint of producing a phenotype and efficiently obtaining a homozygous knockout animal.
- Genome editing includes, for example, a method using a genome editing factor that includes a nuclease that cleaves target double-stranded DNA and a DNA recognition component that binds to the nuclease.
- genome editing include ZFN, TALEN, and CRISPR/Cas.
- ZFN uses FokI (nuclease) and zinc finger motif (DNA recognition component)
- TALEN uses FokI (nuclease) and TAL effector (DNA recognition component)
- CRISPR uses Cas (nuclease) and guideRNA.
- gRNA DNA recognition component
- the nuclease used for genome editing only needs to have nuclease activity, and in addition to nucleases, DNA polymerases, recombinases, etc. can also be used.
- Nucleases include, but are not limited to, CRISPR type I (TypeIA to C, TypeI-D (Cas3', Cas5d, Cas6d, Cas7d and Cas10d), TypeI-E (Cas3, Cse1, Cse2, Cas7, Cas5, Cas6)). , Type II (such as Cas9), Type III, and Type V (Cas12a (Cpf1, MAD2, MAD7, etc.)) can be used.
- CRISPR/Cas gRNA is used as a DNA recognition component; It may be a single gRNA or a dual gRNA consisting of crRNA and tracrRNA.
- Genome editing does not necessarily involve nuclease activity, and any editing means such as Prime editing or Target-AID can be used. (Anzalone et al., 2019 Nature vol 576, pages 149-157, Nishimasu et al., Science 21 Sep 2018: Vol. 361, Issue 6408, pp. 1259-1262).
- a gRNA target sequence targeting a gene of interest may be designed using a conventional method. For example, it is described in Naito et al., Bioinformatics. 2015 Apr 1; 31(7): 1120-1123, Park et al., Bioinformatics. 2016 Jul 1; 32(13): 2017-2023. gRNA can be produced based on these documents and sequence information such as the target gene.
- the target sequence of gRNA targeting mouse Krt71 is not limited, and sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 3 can be used. In other animal species, the Krt71 gene can be disrupted using gRNA having a base sequence corresponding to the target sequence of the gRNA.
- the target sequence of gRNA targeting mouse Krt72 is not limited, and sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 4 to 6 can be used.
- the Krt72 gene can be disrupted using gRNA having a base sequence corresponding to the target sequence of the gRNA.
- the target sequence of gRNA targeting mouse Krt74 is not limited, and sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 10 to 12 can be used.
- the Krt74 gene can be disrupted using gRNA having a base sequence corresponding to the target sequence of the above gRNA.
- the target sequence of gRNA targeting mouse KAP8-1 is not limited, and sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 13 to 15 can be used.
- the KAP8-1 gene can be disrupted using gRNA having a base sequence corresponding to the target sequence of the gRNA.
- the gRNA target sequence targeting the mouse Tyr sequence is not limited, and sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 19 to 21 can be used.
- the KAP8-1 gene can be disrupted using gRNA having a base sequence corresponding to the target sequence of the gRNA.
- the gRNA target sequence targeting the mouse Fgf5 sequence is not limited, and sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 22 to 24 can be used.
- the KAP8-1 gene can be disrupted using gRNA having a base sequence corresponding to the target sequence of the gRNA.
- Examples of objects to be modified include embryos, somatic cells, reproductive cells, and individuals.
- a genome editing factor is introduced into an embryo
- an individual non-human animal can be obtained by transplanting the embryo modified by the introduction into the uterus of an individual.
- the embryo obtained through nuclear transfer in which the nucleus of the somatic cell modified by the introduction is introduced into an enucleated egg cell, may be transplanted into the uterus of an individual.
- chimeric embryos prepared by mixing cells derived from modified embryos with other embryos can also be implanted into the uterus of an individual.
- the introduced and modified germ cells can be used as is, or transplanted into individuals and fertilized (natural mating, artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization, etc.) to obtain non-human animal individuals. .
- a composition containing a genome editing factor in the form of a viral vector or the like can be directly administered to the individual to obtain a non-human animal having modified cells.
- traits such as a decrease in the fiber diameter of animal fibers will appear, and if the germ line is modified, the expression or function of the target gene will be reduced in the descendants. can be brought about.
- Whether or not the object to be modified has been modified may be determined using conventional methods such as PCR, Southern blotting, and genome sequencing.
- Introduction methods include, but are not limited to, electroporation, lipofection, calcium phosphate, dextran, microinjection, iTOP (D'Astolfo et al., Cell. 2015; 161(3): 674-690), cell membrane. Penetrating peptides (CPPs), viral vectors or non-viral vectors can be used. Electroporation is preferred for introduction into embryos due to its high introduction efficiency. For introduction into individuals, delivery techniques using viral or non-viral vectors are preferred. Viral vectors include, without limitation, vectors based on adenovirus, adeno-associated virus (AAV), retrovirus, vaccinia virus, poxvirus, lentivirus, herpesvirus, and the like.
- AAV adeno-associated virus
- retrovirus vaccinia virus
- poxvirus poxvirus
- lentivirus lentivirus
- herpesvirus and the like.
- an inhibitory nucleic acid in addition to modifying the genes of a non-human animal, may be administered to the non-human animal.
- Inhibitory nucleic acid means a nucleic acid that inhibits the expression of a target molecule, and includes RNAi molecules, microRNAs, microRNA mimetics, piRNA (Piwi-interacting RNA), ribozymes, antisense nucleic acids, Bonac nucleic acids (WO 2012/005368), etc. include.
- the nucleic acid may include a modified nucleic acid, or may be a hybrid molecule of DNA and RNA (gapmer, mixer, etc.).
- RNAi (RNA interference) molecule refers to any molecule that has RNAi activity, and includes, without limitation, siRNA (small interfering RNA), shRNA (short hairpin RNA), and the like.
- RNAi interference typically refers to the sequence-specific degradation of target RNA induced by double-stranded nucleic acid molecules. Once double-stranded nucleic acid molecules enter cells, they are cleaved by Dicer according to their length, and then incorporated into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which includes the Argonaute (AGO) protein. RISC recognizes and cleaves target RNA using an antisense strand (guide strand) having a sequence complementary to the target RNA as a guide.
- siRNA is typically a double-stranded RNA with a length of about 20-25mers.
- shRNA is typically RNA obtained by linking two strands of siRNA via a hairpin made of RNA.
- the gene expression control mechanism by miRNA typically refers to sequence-specific RNA degradation or translation suppression induced by miRNA.
- Mature miRNA is incorporated into miRNA-induced silencing complex (miRISC) containing Argonaute (AGO) protein, and mainly induces miRISC to mRNA complementary to the seed sequence (sequences 2 to 8 from the 5' end). In addition to suppressing translation from mRNA, it degrades and shortens the polyA tail present at the 3' end of mRNA, promoting mRNA degradation.
- miRISC miRNA-induced silencing complex
- AGO Argonaute
- the gene expression control mechanism by piRNA typically refers to sequence-specific RNA degradation induced by piRNA.
- piRNA-induced silencing complex containing Piwi protein, which is a PIWI subfamily protein, it translocates into the nucleus and suppresses transcription of target genes in a sequence-specific manner.
- RasiRNA reppeat associated siRNA
- Piwi protein-mediated gene silencing When piRNA is incorporated into the piRNA-induced silencing complex (piRISC) containing Piwi protein, which is a PIWI subfamily protein, it translocates into the nucleus and suppresses transcription of target genes in a sequence-specific manner. RasiRNA (repeat associated siRNA) also produces Piwi protein-mediated gene silencing.
- piRISC piRNA-induced silencing complex
- MicroRNA mimetics are nucleic acid molecules that mimic the function of endogenous microRNAs and are well known in the art (e.g., van Rooij and Kauppinen, EMBO Mol Med. 2014; 6(7): 851-64, Chorn et al. al., RNA. 2012; 18(10): 1796-804).
- a microRNA mimetic may include chemical modifications and may have an altered nucleotide sequence relative to the endogenous microRNA.
- shRNA is a single-stranded RNA molecule that includes an antisense region and a sense region that are complementary to each other and a loop region interposed between them, and a double-stranded region is formed by pairing the antisense region and the sense region. It exhibits a hairpin-like three-dimensional structure.
- shRNA is cleaved by dicer in cells to generate double-stranded siRNA molecules, which are taken up by RISC and cause RNA interference.
- shRNA is typically expressed within cells by a nucleic acid construct encoding it, a plasmid containing it, etc., and exerts its effect, but shRNA molecules can also be delivered directly to cells.
- These inhibitory nucleic acids can be appropriately produced by known methods based on the information on the target gene contained herein (Disney et al., Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2018 Nov 1;10(11), Naito and Ui -Tei, Front Genet. 2012; 3: 102, Mickiewicz et al., Acta Biochim Pol. 2016; 63(1): 71-77, etc.). Since CRISPR/Cas13 can edit RNA, the genome editing factor can be used for gene silencing in the same way as inhibitory nucleic acids.
- various routes including both oral and parenteral routes may be used, including, but not limited to, oral, intravenous administration.
- Skin subcutaneous, intradermal, transmucosal, intravenous, intramuscular, topical, rectal, intraarterial, intraportal, intraventricular, intramyocardial, intraarticular, intranasal, intraperitoneal, intratracheal, intrabronchial, alveolar
- the drug may be administered by routes such as intrauterine, intrapulmonary, and intrauterine routes, and may be formulated into dosage forms suitable for each route of administration. Any known dosage forms and formulation methods can be employed as appropriate.
- the expression or function of one or more genes (target genes) selected from one or more genes constituting the Krt or KAP family is reduced or destroyed. If so, the expression or function of any other gene may be reduced or improved.
- the other gene may be a gene that imparts or improves a trait related to animal fiber or any other trait to a non-human animal.
- Preferred genes to reduce gene expression or function, reduce function, or destroy genes include, but are not limited to, Fgf-5, Tyr, MSTN, ASIP, BCO2, CFTR, etc., and knockout of these genes may be used. It's fine.
- Preferred genes for improving gene expression or function may include, but are not limited to, T ⁇ 4, VEGF (VEGF-A), AANAT, ASMT, etc., such as knock-in of expression cassettes containing these genes. good.
- the expression or function of multiple genes may be simultaneously increased or decreased as long as the desired trait of the non-human animal of the present invention is not inhibited.
- the non-human animal of the invention reduces or disrupts the expression or function of either or both the Fgf5 gene and the Tyr gene. further including. Reducing or disrupting the expression or function of the Fgf5 gene increases the length of animal fibers in non-human animals. Furthermore, by reducing the expression or function of the Tyr gene, the color of animal fibers in non-human animals becomes white.
- the fiber diameter non-human animals that have animal fibers that are thin and long expressing or functionally decreased one or more genes selected from Krt or KAP and the Fgf5 gene
- non-human animals that have white animal fibers that are thin in fiber diameter expression or decreased function of one or more genes selected from Krt or KAP and the Tyr gene
- non-human animals with white animal fibers with a thin fiber diameter and long fiber length one or more genes selected from Krt or KAP
- the above genes, Fgf5, and Tyr gene expression or decreased function), or non-human animals with long fibers and white animal fibers expression or decreased function of Tyr and Fgf5 genes
- mice, dogs, cats, and goats that have a knockout of the Fgf5 gene have longer fiber lengths (Cell. 1994 Sep 23; 78(6): 1017-25, Anim Genet. 2006 Aug; 37(4): 309-15, Anim Genet. 2007 Jun; 38(3): 218-21, PLoS One. 2016 Oct 18; 11(10): e0164640,).
- animal fibers are known to turn white in animals such as mice, rabbits, cows, and mink that have Tyr gene knockouts (Mamm Genome. 2004 Oct; 15(10): 749-58, Mamm Genome. 2000 Aug; 11(8): 700-2, Mamm Genome. 2004 Jan; 15(1): 62-7, Anim Genet.
- a non-human animal produced by the method of the present invention is a non-human animal that has a genetic modification such as reduction or destruction of the expression or function of one or more genes selected from one or more genes constituting the Krt or KAP family.
- the diameter (fiber diameter) of the animal fibers of the animal is smaller than the animal fibers of a control non-human animal of the same species or allogeneic species that does not have the above-mentioned genetic modification (for example, before genetic modification).
- the sequence before genetic modification may be the sequence exemplified herein with the accession number. Fiber diameter typically refers to the average fiber diameter (particularly the average length of the fibers), and the control non-human animal typically refers to the wild type.
- the average fiber diameter of a non-human animal having a modification of one or more genes selected from one or more genes constituting the Krt or KAP family is the same as that of an allogeneic or allogeneic control non-human animal. 5% or more, 6% or more, 7% or more, 8% or more, 9% or more, 10% or more, 11% or more, 12% or more, 13% or more, 14% or more, 15 % or more, 16% or more, 17% or more, 18% or more, 19% or more, or 20% or more.
- the average fiber diameter of the non-human animal having the above modification is, for example, 70% or less, 60% or less, 50% or less, 40% or less, 30% or less than the average fiber diameter of the allogeneic or allogeneic control non-human animal. % or less, 25% or less, 20% or less, 15% or less, or 10% or less thin.
- the average fiber diameter of the non-human animal having the above modification is 5 to 40%, 5 to 30%, 5 to 20%, 10 to 20%, 15-20%, 5-15%, 10-15%, or 5-10% thinner. Genetic modifications that are 5-20%, 10-20%, 15-20%, 5-15%, 10-15%, or 5-10% thinner than the average fiber diameter of allogeneic or allogeneic control non-human animals.
- the animal can be selected from animals having the above modifications.
- Reduction in fiber diameter can have commercial value.
- cashmere is graded based on animal fiber properties including average fiber diameter (see Table 1).
- a decrease in fiber diameter of 5% results in a decrease in the average fiber diameter of 0.75 ⁇ m to 0.95 ⁇ m, which means an increase of 1 to 2 grades.
- a 20% decrease in fiber diameter means a decrease in the maximum diameter of the third grade from 19 ⁇ m to 15.2 ⁇ m, and means an increase in the grade from the third grade to the highest grade.
- the value of modification techniques that result in this grade increase is considered disruptive.
- the average fiber diameter is, for example, the diameter of the same part of multiple animal fibers collected from the same body surface part of non-human animals of the same age (for example, the diameter of the hair roots of animal fibers collected from the same part of non-human animals).
- the diameter of a predetermined length from a section or a predetermined length from the root of animal fibers cut in the same manner can be observed and measured using an optical or electron microscope.
- Another measurement method is the method used for wool fiber testing, such as a projection microscope using multiple animal fibers obtained from non-human animals of the same age (see IWTO1-8, JIS L 1081 A standards).
- the average fiber diameter of animal fibers can be measured.
- the diameter of the animal fiber is preferably the long axis.
- the present invention is also a method for producing animal fibers having a small average fiber diameter.
- the average fiber diameter contributes to improving the properties of textile products, such as feel, feel, comfort, gloss, elasticity, heat retention, and quick drying properties. Therefore, the textile products produced according to the present invention can be improved in one or more properties selected from touch, touch, comfort, flexibility, stretchability, heat retention, quick drying properties, and gloss. .
- the non-human animal produced by the method of the invention has a smooth fibrous surface compared to an allogeneic or allogeneic control non-human animal.
- Smooth fiber surface specifically means, for example, that the scales present on the surface of the animal fiber have a small scale thickness and/or a long scale interval.
- Scale is a scale-like structure arranged in a pinecone shape on the surface of animal fibers, and overlaps with other scales on the hair root side of animal fibers, and this overlap causes unevenness on the surface of animal fibers. I'm reading. Feather fibers have a structure called a "node” or “knot” similar to this scale, and the "scale” of the present invention also includes nodes or knots in feather fibers.
- scale thickness is the thickness of a convex portion where one scale overlaps another scale. It can be seen that as the scale thickness decreases, the convex thickness decreases, so that, for example, a decrease in the average scale thickness results in an animal fiber with a "smooth surface.”
- the scale thickness of animal fibers of non-human animals in which one or more genes selected from one or more genes constituting the Krt or KAP family has been knocked out is greater than that of allogeneic or allogeneic controls. significantly smaller than the average scale thickness of non-human animals, especially wild type.
- the average scale thickness is the scale thickness of scales present at the same location on multiple animal fibers taken from the same body surface area of non-human animals of the same age (e.g. Measuring the scale thickness present in a predetermined length from the root of animal fibers, or a predetermined length from the root of animal fibers cut in the same manner, by observing with an optical or electron microscope, etc. I can do it. Differences in average scale thickness can be evaluated visually, so measurements do not necessarily have to appear numerically. For example, by comparing electron microscope images of animal fibers from non-human animals produced by the method of the invention and animal fibers from control non-human animals of the same species or allogeneic species, we can determine the shadows created by scales, the contours of scales, etc.
- the reduction in average scale thickness can be evaluated.
- “Small scale thickness” refers to, for example, the shadows produced by the scales being thinner or the outlines of the scales being less clear compared to animal fibers from a control non-human animal of the same species or allogeneic species. If the average scale thickness can be measured numerically, the average scale thickness may be 98% or less, 96% or less, 95% or less, 93% or less, 90% or less compared to animal fibers from allogeneic or allogeneic control non-human animals. , 85% or less, 80% or less, 75% or less, preferably 70% or less, more preferably 65% or less, further preferably 30% or less, more preferably 20% or less.
- the luster is defined as the part present in the same position on multiple animal fibers taken from the same body surface area of non-human animals of the same age and controls (e.g. Evaluation can be made by visually observing a predetermined length from the root of the hair or a predetermined length from the root of animal fibers cut in the same manner. Evaluation can be performed by an evaluation panel composed of multiple people. The evaluation panel can evaluate the gloss of animal fibers based on predetermined scores regarding the quality of gloss. For example, 5 points for excellent gloss, 3 points for average or equivalent to the control, 1 point for poor gloss, 4 points for between the highest and average, and 4 points for average and lowest. The distance between the two points can be set as two points, etc.
- the scale spacing of animal fibers of non-human animals in which one or more genes selected from one or more genes constituting the Krt or KAP family have been knocked out is the same as that of control non-human animals, particularly wild-type significantly longer than the scale interval.
- the scale interval is the major axis of each scale. As the major axis of each scale present on the surface of the animal fiber becomes longer, the number of scales present in a given fiber length decreases. For example, in animal fibers with a scale spacing of 25 ⁇ m, there are 4 scales per 100 ⁇ m, whereas in a scale with an average scale spacing of 50 ⁇ m, there are only 2 scales per 100 ⁇ m. The frequency will decrease. Therefore, it can be seen that increasing the scale spacing, especially the average scale spacing, results in a "smooth fiber surface.”
- the average scale interval is the scale interval of the same parts of multiple animal fibers collected from the same body surface part of non-human animals of the same age (for example, the scale interval of the same part of animal fibers collected from the same body part of non-human animals). It can be measured by observing with an optical or electron microscope, etc. .
- “Long scale interval” means, for example, that the average scale interval measured in this way is 102% or more, 105% or more, 110% or more, 120% or more, 130% or more, This refers to a length of 140% or more, 150%, 160% or more, preferably 170% or more, more preferably 180% or more, for example, 105% to 180%.
- Scale on animal fibers has traditionally been known to cause entanglement and shrinkage, leading to pilling and felt formation in woven and knitted textile products.
- scale not only causes a tingling sensation when textile products are worn, but also causes damage to the luster, flexibility, and smoothness of the product itself. Therefore, methods are used to remove the scale using chemical or physical methods such as oxidizing agents, enzymes, or plasma discharge, or to coat the unevenness of the scale with a coating resin.
- the present invention provides a material selected from the group consisting of: less prone to pilling and/or felting, more flexible, more smooth, less irritating, more glossy, and no shrinkage; It is also a method for producing textile products containing animal fibers having the above properties.
- This aspect includes reducing the expression or function of one or more genes selected from one or more genes constituting the Krt or KAP family in a non-human animal, shearing animal fibers from a non-human animal, In addition to producing textile products from harvested animal fibers, any one or more steps may be included.
- the animal fiber product obtained from a non-human animal produced by the method of the present invention has a property that is less prone to pilling and/or felt formation, has flexibility, non-irritation (touch, touch, comfort), shrink resistance, etc. Since it is known that it contributes to improvement of properties, it can be preferably used for producing textile products with improved properties. In particular, since pilling and/or felting are more likely to occur as the average fiber diameter decreases, it is important to note that pilling and/or felt formation is more likely to occur as the average fiber diameter decreases. It is preferably used in making animal fibers such as , sable, fox, possum, opossum, beaver, seal, nutria, ferret, vicuna, duck, goose, duck, ostrich.
- the animal fiber may be raw animal hair.
- Raw hair (particularly animal hair) may generally include prickly hair and downy hair.
- the animal fiber preferably contains no more than 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, or 15% by weight of unwanted hair. Include only the following proportions.
- Unwanted hair means, for example, animal hair (e.g., in the case of goat (e.g., cashmere, mohair, angora, and kashigora), prickly hair, etc.
- the animal fiber has an average fiber diameter of 5% or more, 6%% or more, 7% or more, 8% or more, 9% or more, 10 % or more, 11% or more, 12% or more, 13% or more, 14% or more, 15% or more, 16% or more, 17% or more, 18% or more, 19% or more, or 20% or more.
- the animal fiber has an average fiber diameter of 50% or less, 40% or less, 30% or less, 25% or less, 20% or less, 15% compared to the animal fiber of a control non-human animal of the same species or allogeneic species. or less than 10% thinner.
- the animal fiber has an average fiber diameter of 5-40%, 5-30%, 5-20%, 10-20%, 15- 20%, 5-15%, 10-15%, or 5-10% thinner.
- Such fibers may be obtained by sorting animal fibers harvested from the genetically modified animal of the present invention, or may be obtained from the genetically modified animal of the present invention having such a fiber system. It may be obtained by cutting (without culling or after culling).
- the animal fiber obtained from the genetically modified animal has less product of the proteins encoded by the modified Krt and KAP genes in the genetically modified animal compared to allogeneic or allogeneic control non-human animals. .
- the animal fiber obtained from the genetically modified animal is substantially free of proteins encoded by the Krt gene and KAP gene modified in the genetically modified animal.
- the non-human animal produced by the method of the present invention has a smaller average fiber diameter and a smoother fiber surface than a control non-human animal. Therefore, even though the average fiber diameter is small, pilling and/or felt formation is unlikely to occur, and quality can be maintained over a long period of time, making it possible to provide a wearable textile product. Since the animals produced by the method of the present invention have a small average fiber diameter of the entire body hair, animal fibers obtained from such animals can be produced without the screening step of selecting only thin hairs. Therefore, it is economically rational. If there are individual differences in the average fiber diameter of the animal fibers of the produced non-human animals, it is possible to select individuals with a small average fiber diameter and then collect the animal fibers from the selected individuals. . Thereby, animal fibers having a small average fiber diameter can be mainly recovered.
- raw animal fibers can be obtained from a non-human animal produced by the method of the present invention.
- a method for obtaining hair from raw animal fibers is provided.
- the method for obtaining wool from raw animal fibers involves dehairing the raw wool, removing dirt and dander, and washing the obtained raw wool (for example, washing with a neutral detergent, washing with hot water, and washing with water). ), and separating downy hair and prickly hair mixed in the raw hair to take out the downy hair (hair processing).
- hair processing is an important process in cashmere processing.
- the hair can be dyed (for example, by cryogenic dyeing) if necessary.
- Undyed wool or raw wool or dyed wool or raw wool can be spun into woolen yarn, and the woolen yarn can be doubled and processed into twisted or worsted yarn.
- woolen, twisted, or worsted yarns are packaged and shipped.
- Spun, twisted, or worsted yarns are processed into different fabrics depending on their use.
- Wool, yarns, twisted yarns, worsted yarns, and textiles obtained from animal fibers may also be provided in the present invention. Since the wool, woolen yarn, twisted yarn, worsted yarn, and fabric obtained in the present invention are derived from the animal fibers described above, the average fiber diameter and/or scale spacing or Has scale thickness.
- the hair-making process is often not carried out in the production of general fur (for example, mink or sable fur), it can be carried out in the production of high-quality products (especially luxury products) such as cashmere. .
- the processed animal fiber has a lower content of unnecessary hair (eg, prickly hair) than the raw wool.
- Animal fibers after hair processing must contain unnecessary hair of 60% by weight or less, 50% by weight or less, 40% by weight or less, 30% by weight or less, 20% by weight or less, 15% by weight or less, 10% by weight or less, or 5% by weight Contains only % or less. If the content of unnecessary hair in the raw wool is A, the content of unnecessary hair in the animal fiber after hair processing (B) is 95% by weight or less, 90% by weight or less, 80% by weight or less, 70% by weight of A.
- the amount may be 60% by weight or less, 50% by weight or less, 40% by weight or less, 30% by weight or less, 20% by weight or less, 15% by weight or less, 10% by weight or less, or 5% by weight or less.
- the content of unnecessary hair in raw hair is A
- the content of unnecessary hair in hair production (B) is, for example, 5% to 90% by weight, 5% to 60% by weight, 5% to 30% by weight. , or 5% to 20% by weight. Therefore, the content of unnecessary hair (for example, embroidered hair) in woolen yarn, twisted yarn, and worsted yarn is also 60% by weight or less, 50% by weight or less, 40% by weight or less, 30% by weight or less, 20% by weight or less, 15% by weight or less.
- the content of unnecessary hair in raw wool is A
- the content of unnecessary hair in spun yarn, twisted yarn, and worsted yarn (C) is 95% by weight or less of A, 90% by weight or less, 80% by weight or less, It can be up to 70%, up to 60%, up to 50%, up to 40%, up to 30%, up to 20%, up to 15%, up to 10%, or up to 5% by weight.
- the animal fibers, woolen yarns, twisted yarns, and worsted yarns obtained in this manner contain components based on the above genetic mutations.
- the animal fibers, woolen yarns, twisted yarns, and worsted yarns obtained in this way contain less of the modified gene product than the wild type (e.g., 50% by weight or less, 40% by weight or less, 30% by weight or less). % or less, 25% by weight or less, 20% by weight or less, 15% by weight or less, 10% by weight or less, 5% by weight or less, 3% by weight or less, 2% by weight or less, or 1% by weight or less), the above does not contain the products (e.g., proteins) of the disrupted gene, or contains peptide molecules encoded by the disrupted gene (peptide molecules whose function has been reduced or lost).
- the products e.g., proteins
- the resulting animal fibers, woolen yarns, twisted yarns, and worsted yarns therefore have a different component content (particularly protein content) than that of an allogeneic or allogeneic non-human control animal.
- the animal fibers, woolen yarns, twisted yarns, and worsted yarns obtained in this manner also have a smaller diameter as defined above ( long axis). These properties may be common to at least animal hair and the above yarns derived from animal hair.
- textile products as used herein is not limited as long as it includes animal fibers obtained from animals produced by the method of the present invention, such as slivers, yarns (including woolen yarns and worsted yarns), and fiber sheets. , woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, fabrics, fabrics, non-woven fabrics, multiaxial fiber sheets, fur, etc. in any form, and coats, sweaters, stolens, shawls, mufflers, shirts, trousers, suits, blazers, skirts, blankets obtained from these. , including clothing (final products) such as throws, underwear, socks, and gloves.
- the textile product also has the characteristics (for example, thickness, scale spacing, scale thickness, unnecessary hair content, component content) of animal fibers, woolen yarns, twisted yarns, or worsted yarns after the hair-making process.
- the textile product may not contain fibers other than the above-mentioned animal fibers, or may contain fibers other than the above-mentioned animal fibers.
- the textile product may be a mixture of foreign animal fibers, plant-derived fibers, or synthetic fibers, and may include foreign animal fibers, plant-derived fibers, or synthetic fibers.
- Fibers other than the above-mentioned animal fibers included in textile products include natural fibers such as cocoon fiber, spider fiber, silk, cotton, linen, and flax, synthetic fibers such as polyester, polyamide, acrylic, polyethylene, and polypropylene, and viscose rayon. , semi-synthetic fibers such as cuprammonium rayon.
- Example 1 Mass spectrometry analysis of animal fibers from mice, cashmere goats, and sheep (1) Preparation of samples Animal fibers from wild-type mice (C57BL/6N strain; purchased from Japan SLC, Inc., hereinafter the same), cashmere goats, and sheep were analyzed. Each was added to an 8M urea solution and dissolved by sonication. 0.26M DTT was added thereto and incubated at 37°C for 1 hour to reduce the proteins in the sample. 0.22M iodoacetamide (IAA) was then added to the samples and incubated for 30 minutes at 37°C to alkylate the proteins. Acetone precipitation was performed to precipitate and purify the proteins from the samples.
- IAA iodoacetamide
- TCA/acetone (10% TCA in Acetone) was added in an amount 10 times the amount of the sample, and the mixture was stirred.
- the sample was allowed to stand overnight at -20°C, and then centrifuged at 15,000 xg for 10 minutes at 4°C. After removing the supernatant, the pellet was washed with a small amount of cold acetone and the supernatant was removed after centrifugation. After volatilizing the acetone, 0.5M urea solution was added to redissolve the sample.
- animal fibers are formed by the differentiation, proliferation, and keratinization of hair matrix cells present in hair follicles. It reflects the commonality of proliferation and keratinization processes, i.e. hair growth mechanisms. Therefore, it is assumed that all animals have a common hair growth mechanism. Note that the formation of animal fibers (body hair) is thought to be common to a wide variety of animal species. For example, the function of Fgf5 is common in various species including dogs, cats, mice, and humans, and is also common in cashmere goats (X.
- Fgf5 is an inhibitory factor for hair elongation, is expressed in the outer root sheath, and controls the initiation of catagen in the hair growth cycle (J. M. Heabert et al., CELL, 78: 1017-1025, 1994 ).
- Example 2 Creation of knockout mice
- Krt71, Krt72, Krt73, Krt74, KAP8-1, and KAP8-2 were selected from a large number of genes that are thought to be involved in the common hair growth mechanism regardless of animal species. , Tyr, and Fgf-5 and attempted to disrupt these genes individually.
- tracrRNCas9 protein crRNA (Alt-R (trademark), CRISPR-Cas9 crRNA), tracrRNA ( Alt-RTM CRISPR-Cas9 tracrRNA, 5 nmol, Cat# 1072532) and Cas9 protein (Alt RTM Sp Cas9 Nuclease V3, 100 ⁇ g Cat# 1081058) were purchased from Integrated DNA Technologies, Inc. (hereinafter referred to as IDT). Purchased from USA). Three types of crRNA sequences were designed for each target gene, and each of the obtained crRNAs was added to Opti-MEMI (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Cat#31985062) and dissolved at 1 ⁇ g/ ⁇ l.
- the nucleic acid sequence of the DNA targeting site in the sequence of crRNA is as follows. It is expected that three types of crRNA sequences can target three different locations, and mutations can be introduced at a maximum of three locations for each gene.
- Electroporation C57BL/6N was purchased from Japan SLC.sperm masses were collected from the epididymis of C57BL/6N males. FERTIUPTM-sperm preculture medium (Kyudo Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Kudo), Japan) was incubated. Oocyte masses were collected in CARD mHTF medium (Kyudo) from C57BL/6N females that had undergone hyperovulation induction using CARD HyperOva (trademark) (Kyudo). In vitro fertilization was performed by adding a sperm suspension to a medium containing eggs. After 3 hours of insemination, the eggs were washed by transferring them three times to CARD KSOM medium (Kyudo).
- An electrode (BEX, Cat# LF501PT1-10) connected to Genome Editor (BEX Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as BEX), Japan, Cat# GEB15) was set on a stereomicroscope. Fertilized eggs cultured in CARD KSOM medium were washed twice with Opti-MEMI to remove serum-containing medium. Next, the electrode was filled with a Duplex Buffer (IDT) solution (5 ⁇ l) containing three types of crRNA (66 ng/ ⁇ l), tracrRNA (100 ng/ ⁇ l), and Cas9 protein (100 ng/ ⁇ l) targeting each of the above genes. Fertilized eggs were lined up in the gap and electroporation was performed. The electrical conditions were 25V (3 msec pulse + 97 msec interval) both of one polarity and the opposite polarity, three times each.
- IDTT Duplex Buffer
- Example 3 Confirmation of genetic mutations in knockout mice 2-cell stage embryos were transplanted into the oviducts of pseudopregnant mice 0.5 days after mating. Three weeks after birth, a part of the ear was collected, treated in 90 ⁇ l of 50 mM NaOH at 98° C. for 10 minutes, and then neutralized with 10 ⁇ l of 1M TrisHCl (pH 8.0) to collect a genomic DNA solution. To investigate mutations in each gene by CRISPR/Cas9, the genomic region flanking each target sequence was amplified by PCR using the following specific primers.
- the PCR amplification product of each gene was purified, and the DNA sequence of the target site was analyzed using a next-generation sequencer Miseq (Illumina) and a contract sequencing service provided by Eurofin Genetics Co., Ltd. (Japan).
- Figures 1-1 to 8 compare the wild-type sequence (first exon) and the mutated sequence (first exon) of the knockout mouse, and highlight the sequence deleted in the knockout mouse. , insertions are underlined and substitutions are shown in bold.
- Example 5 Confirmation of fineness of knockout animal fibers by scanning electron microscopy The Awl hair of 3-week-old wild type and Krt71, Krt72, Krt73, or Krt74, or KAP8-1 or KAP8-2 knockout mice was observed. A cross section of 2 mm from the tip of mouse Aw1 hair was observed under a scanning electron microscope of 3000 times, and the major axis was measured. Specifically, it was embedded, cut, and fixed according to the following procedure, and observed with a scanning electron microscope. [Shooting conditions] Acceleration voltage: 5kV (high magnification observation mode) WD: 20mm Observation angle: 0° (parallel to hair) Observation magnification: 3000x
- Each Awl hair (hereinafter also referred to as a sample) was placed in a silicone mold with a 1 mm groove, and an ultraviolet curing resin was dropped and poured into the mold. After adjusting the position of the sample so that it does not touch the wall of the mold, irradiate it under a 10W black light for at least 3 hours. After confirming curing, excess resin was scraped off.
- Preparation of cross section While observing the sample embedded in the resin using a stereomicroscope, the 2 mm tip of the hair was cut with a single-edged razor. The position 2 mm from the tip of the hair was measured and determined using a JIS standard grade 1 metal straightedge. The razor used for cutting was marked with an X, and its use for subsequent cross-section preparation was prohibited.
- the observation sample is the hair root side, and the hair tip side is stored separately as a preliminary observation sample. Both the main sample and the preliminary sample were numbered and stored in a sealed plastic case except when necessary.
- the observation sample was fixed on a sample stand that could be observed at right angles using an electron microscope.
- Au fine particles were applied for 120 seconds using an Au sputtering device (JFC-1200FINE COATER (manufactured by JEOL Ltd.)) (theoretical value of Au film thickness is about 20 nm).
- Example 6 Observation of the scale structure of knockout animal fibers using a scanning electron microscope The side surface of a 2 mm portion from the tip of the Awl hair of all the knockout mice (3 weeks old) produced was photographed using a scanning electron microscope at 1200x magnification. Au fine particles were applied for 60 seconds using an Au sputtering device (DII-29010SCTR Smart Coater, manufactured by JEOL Ltd.) (theoretical value of Au film thickness is about 5 nm). No particular fixation was performed. [Shooting conditions] Acceleration voltage: 10kV WD: 20mm Observation magnification: 1200x Based on the hair image taken to measure the hair scale interval, the scale width was measured for each knockout mouse.
- Au sputtering device DII-29010SCTR Smart Coater, manufactured by JEOL Ltd.
- Example 7 Observation of fibers from Fgf-5 knockout animals Awl hairs from 3-week-old wild-type mice and Fgf-5 knockout mice were collected and their lengths were measured. The results are shown in Table 10. Each mouse was one head, n is the number of hairs measured, and hair length mm indicates their average length. "WT" indicates wild type.
- Hair length increased by 55% in Fgf-5 knockout mice compared to wild type.
- Fgf-5 with one or more gene disruptions selected from the group consisting of the above Krp family or KAP family. This results in animals that produce long animal fibers with small fiber diameters.
- Example 8 Observation of Tyr knockout animal fibers Photographs of a 3-week old wild type mouse (C57BL/6N strain; black) and its Tyr knockout mouse are shown in FIG. It was confirmed that the hair of the Tyr knockout mouse was white, whereas the body hair of the wild type was black (see FIG. 12).
- Example 9 Analysis of animal fibers from a goat with Krt family gene disruption
- a goat with Krt72 gene disruption was produced and the diameter of its animal fibers was analyzed.
- An undercoat was used as the animal fiber.
- tracrRNCas9 protein crRNA (Alt-R (trademark), CRISPR-Cas9 crRNA), tracrRNA (Alt-R (trademark) CRISPR-Cas9 tracrRNA, 5 nmol, Cat# 1072532) against goat KAP8-1 , Cas9 electroporation enhancer and Cas9 protein (Alt RTM Sp Cas9 Nuclease V3, 100 ⁇ g Cat# 1081058) were purchased from Integrated DNA Technologies, Inc. (hereinafter referred to as IDT), USA. Each of the three types of crRNA was added to Opti-MEMI (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Cat#31985062) at 1 ⁇ g/ ⁇ l and dissolved.
- the sequences of crRNA and elepo enhancer are as follows.
- An electrode (BEX, Cat# LF501PT1-10) connected to Genome Editor (BEX Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as BEX), Japan, Cat# GEB15) was set on a stereomicroscope. Fertilized eggs cultured in BO-IVC medium were washed twice with Opti-MEMI to remove serum-containing medium. Next, an Opti-mem solution containing three types of crRNA targeting KAP8-1 (120 ng/ ⁇ l), tracrRNA (120 ng/ ⁇ l) and Cas9 protein (100 ng/ ⁇ l), and an electroporation enhancer (150 ng/ ⁇ l) was added. The fertilized eggs were lined up in the gap between the electrodes filled with (5 ⁇ l), and electroporation was performed. The electrical conditions were 20 V (3 msec pulse + 97 msec interval) both of one polarity and the opposite polarity, three times each.
- fertilized eggs were collected from the electrode and washed once with M2 medium and twice with BO-IVC medium. The fertilized eggs were then cultured to blastocyst in BO-IVC medium at 39° C. in a 5% CO 2 , 5% O 2 incubator for 7 days.
- the PCR amplification product of each gene was purified, and the DNA sequence of the target site was analyzed using a contract sequencing service provided by Eurofin Genetics Co., Ltd. (Japan).
- FIG. 9 compares the wild type sequence and the mutated sequence of the knockout goat, with the sequence deleted in the knockout goat highlighted and the coding region sequence shown in capital letters.
- KAP8-1 (hetero) has a mutant sequence that causes the deletion of two amino acids (Y30 and G31) in an important region that is highly conserved across species, resulting in the destruction of the KAP8-1 gene.
- the surface of the fluff of wild-type goats and KAP8-1 disrupted goats was observed using an electron microscope, and the width and number of scales were measured.
- the width of the scale the width of the scale on the upper and lower sides of the hair in the electron microscope image of the surface of the fluff was measured, and the average value was calculated and determined as the scale width.
- the number of scales was defined as the number of scales included in fluff of a certain length in an electron microscope.
- the fluff of the wild-type goat had a scale width of 13.2 ⁇ m, whereas the scale width of the KAP8-1 disrupted goat was 14.0 ⁇ m, which was larger.
- Example 10 Western blotting of animal fibers from various animal species Protein samples were prepared from various animal hairs, and Krt72 or KAP8-1 protein was detected using Western blotting. Specifically, it was performed as follows. (1) Preparation of protein samples Cut various animal hairs into 2-3 mm lengths, wash with ethanol, and then store in 8M urea, 0.1M Tris-HCl pH 8.0, 2% SDS, 100mM DTT at 37°C for 1 day. Incubated. The mixture was further incubated at 60°C for 30 minutes and centrifuged at 10,00 rpm for 5 minutes. The supernatant was collected, and an equal amount of 4 ⁇ SDS Sample buffer (WAKO) was added.
- 8M urea 0.1M Tris-HCl pH 8.0, 2% SDS
- 100mM DTT 100mM DTT at 37°C for 1 day. Incubated. The mixture was further incubated at 60°C for 30 minutes and centrifuged at 10,00 rpm for 5 minutes. The supern
- Example 11 KAP8-1 (Fig. 15), Krt71 (Fig. 16), Krt72 (Fig. 17), and Krt74 (Fig. 18) of various biological species were obtained from the amino acid sequence identity database of each component , and the amino acid sequence Sequence identity was determined.
- all animal species showed high sequence identity. Since the disrupted genes had high sequence identity across species, it is thought that the functions of these proteins are also conserved across species.
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Abstract
Description
これらのことから、繊維径の細い動物繊維を安定に供給でき、および/または、その品質維持を可能にする技術が望まれていた。
[1]遺伝子改変を有する動物(好ましくは哺乳類、より好ましくは偶蹄類)、またはその動物繊維であって、
前記動物は動物繊維を有し、
前記遺伝子改変は、KrtもしくはKAPファミリーを構成する1つ以上の遺伝子の発現もしくは機能の低下もしくは欠損、または、前記1つ以上の遺伝子の破壊である、
遺伝子改変動物、またはその動物繊維。
[2]上記[1]に記載の遺伝子改変を有する動物、またはその動物繊維であって、
(i)上記遺伝子改変を有しない同種同系または同種異系の対照動物の動物繊維と比較して、前記遺伝子改変を有する動物の動物繊維はより小さな長径(例えば、5~50%、または5~25%小さな長径)を有する、および/または
(ii-1)上記遺伝子改変を有しない同種同系または同種異系の対照動物の動物繊維と比較して、前記遺伝子改変を有する動物の動物繊維は、前記1つ以上の遺伝子がコードするタンパク質の含有量が少ないか、もしくは、(ii-2)前記遺伝子改変を有する動物の動物繊維は、前記1つ以上の遺伝子がコードするタンパク質を含まない、
遺伝子改変動物、またはその動物繊維。
[3]上記[1]または「2」に記載の遺伝子改変を有する動物、またはその動物繊維であって、
上記遺伝子改変を有しない動物の動物繊維と比較して、前記遺伝子改変を有する動物の動物繊維は5%以上、10%以上、または15%以上小さな長径を有する、
遺伝子改変動物、またはその動物繊維。
[4]上記[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の遺伝子改変を有する動物、またはその動物繊維であって、
KrtもしくはKAPファミリーを構成する1つ以上の遺伝子が、Kap8-1およびKap8-2のいずれかまたは両方を含む、遺伝子改変動物、またはその動物繊維。
[5]上記[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の遺伝子改変動物、またはその動物繊維であって、
KrtもしくはKAPファミリーを構成する1つ以上の遺伝子が、Krt71、Krt72、Krt73、およびKrt74から選択される1つ以上の遺伝子を少なくとも含む、遺伝子改変動物、またはその動物繊維。
[6]前記遺伝子改変は、FGF-5遺伝子およびTyr遺伝子のいずれかまたは両方の遺伝子の発現もしくは機能の低下もしくは欠損、または、遺伝子の破壊をさらに含む、上記[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の遺伝子改変動物、またはその動物繊維。
[7]上記[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載の動物繊維。
[8]上記[7]に記載の動物繊維を含む、布、織物、または繊維製品。
[10]哺乳類が、マウス、ラット、ウサギ、ヤギ、ヒツジ、アルパカ、リャマ、ラクダ、ヤク、アイベックス、グァナコ、キヴィアック、チルー、タヌキ、ラクーン、ミンク、セーブル、フォックス、ポッサム、オポッサム、ビーバー、アザラシ、ヌートリア、フェレットもしくはビクーニャ、または、これらのいずれか一つの哺乳類の交雑によって得られた哺乳類であり、鳥類が、カモ、ガチョウ、アヒルもしくはダチョウ、または、これらのいずれか一つの鳥類の交雑によって得られた鳥類である、上記[9]に記載の遺伝子改変動物、またはその動物繊維。
[11]ヤギが、カシミヤ、モヘヤ、アンゴラおよびカシゴラから選択されるヤギ(好ましくはカシミヤ)である、上記[10]に記載の遺伝子改変動物、またはその動物繊維(好ましくは動物繊維はアンダーファーまたはアンダーコートである)。
[12]上記遺伝子改変を有しない同種同系または同種異系の対照動物の動物繊維と比較して、動物繊維のスケールの間隔において大きい(例えば、5%~10%大きい)動物繊維を有する、上記のいずれかに記載の遺伝子改変動物、またはその動物繊維。
[13]上記遺伝子改変を有しない同種同系または同種異系の対照動物の動物繊維と比較して、動物繊維のスケールの厚みにおいて薄い(例えば、5~20%薄い)動物繊維を有する、上記のいずれかに記載の遺伝子改変動物、またはその動物繊維。
[14]上記遺伝子改変を有しない同種同系または同種異系の対照動物の動物繊維と比較して、動物繊維のスケールの厚みにおいて薄い(例えば、5~20%薄い)動物繊維を有する、上記[12]に記載の遺伝子改変動物、またはその動物繊維。
[15]上記遺伝子改変を有しない同種同系または同種異系の対照動物の動物繊維と比較して、光沢を有する、上記のいずれかに記載の遺伝子改変動物、またはその動物繊維。
[16]上記遺伝子改変を有しない同種同系または同種異系の対照動物の動物繊維と比較して、動物繊維のスケールの間隔において大きい(例えば、5%~10%大きい)動物繊維を有する、上記[2]に記載の遺伝子改変動物、またはその動物繊維。
[17]上記遺伝子改変を有しない同種同系または同種異系の対照動物の動物繊維と比較して、動物繊維のスケールの厚みにおいて薄い(例えば、5~20%薄い)動物繊維を有する、上記[2]に記載の遺伝子改変動物、またはその動物繊維。
[18]上記遺伝子改変を有しない同種同系または同種異系の対照動物の動物繊維と比較して、動物繊維のスケールの厚みにおいて薄い(例えば、5~20%薄い)動物繊維を有する、上記[16]に記載の遺伝子改変動物、またはその動物繊維。
[20]上記[19]に記載の材料であって、
KrtもしくはKAPファミリーを構成する1つ以上の遺伝子が、Kap8-1およびKap8-2のいずれかまたは両方を含む、材料。
[21]上記[19]に記載の材料であって、
KrtもしくはKAPファミリーを構成する1つ以上の遺伝子が、Krt71、Krt72、Krt73、およびKrt74から選択される1つ以上の遺伝子を少なくとも含む、材料。
[22]上記[20]に記載の材料であって、
KrtもしくはKAPファミリーを構成する1つ以上の遺伝子が、Krt71、Krt72、Krt73、およびKrt74から選択される1つ以上の遺伝子を少なくとも含む、材料。
[23]前記遺伝子改変は、FGF-5遺伝子およびTyr遺伝子のいずれかまたは両方の遺伝子の発現もしくは機能の低下もしくは欠損、または、遺伝子の破壊をさらに含む、上記[19]に記載の材料。
[24]FGF-5遺伝子およびTyr遺伝子のいずれかまたは両方の遺伝子の発現もしくは機能の低下もしくは欠損、または、遺伝子の破壊をさらに含む、上記[20]に記載の材料。
[25]FGF-5遺伝子およびTyr遺伝子のいずれかまたは両方の遺伝子の発現もしくは機能の低下もしくは欠損、または、遺伝子の破壊をさらに含む、上記[21]に記載の材料。
[26]FGF-5遺伝子およびTyr遺伝子のいずれかまたは両方の遺伝子の発現もしくは機能の低下もしくは欠損、または、遺伝子の破壊をさらに含む、上記[22]に記載の材料。
[28]遺伝子改変動物が雌である、上記いずれかに記載の遺伝子改変動物またはその動物繊維。
[29]遺伝子改変動物が雄である、上記いずれかに記載の材料。
[30]遺伝子改変動物が雌である、上記いずれかに記載の材料。
[31]上記いずれかに記載の動物繊維の原毛であって、刺し毛とうぶ毛を含む、原毛。[32]上記[31]に記載の原毛から得られる製毛。
[33]上記[32]に記載の製毛を含む、紡毛糸または撚糸。
[34]上記[33]に記載の紡毛糸または撚糸を含む、織物。
[35]上記[34]に記載の織物を含む、被服。
[36]上記[34]に記載の織物を含む、動物繊維製品。
(2) 非ヒト動物のKrtファミリーを構成する1つ以上の遺伝子が、非ヒト動物の内毛根鞘、毛表皮、毛皮質または毛髄質で発現するKrtタンパク質をコードする遺伝子である、(1)に記載の方法。
(3) 内毛根鞘で発現するKrtタンパク質をコードする遺伝子が、Krt71、Krt72、Krt73、およびKrt74から選択される1以上の遺伝子である、(2)に記載の方法。
(4) Krt71、Krt72、Krt73、およびKrt74から選択される1つ以上の遺伝子である、(3)に記載の方法。
(5) 非ヒト動物のKAPファミリーを構成する1つ以上の遺伝子が、KAP8-1を含む、(1)~(4)のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(7) 遺伝子の発現または機能を低下させることが、非ヒト動物の遺伝子のノックアウトである、(1)~(6)のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(8) 非ヒト動物が、齧歯目または偶蹄目に属する、(7)に記載の方法。
(9) (1)~(8)のいずれか一項に記載された方法によって作製された非ヒト動物またはその子孫。
(10) (9)に記載の非ヒト動物またはその子孫から得られた動物繊維。
(11) (10)に記載の動物繊維を含む動物繊維製品。
<2> Krtファミリーを構成する遺伝子が、Krt71、Krt72、Krt73、およびKrt74からなる群から選択され、KAPファミリーを構成する遺伝子が、KAP8サブファミリーからなる群から選択される、<1>に記載の非ヒト動物またはその子孫。
<3> さらにFgf5および/またはTyr遺伝子の発現または機能の低下をもたらす改変を含む、<1>または<2>に記載の非ヒト動物またはその子孫。
<4> 遺伝子の発現または機能の低下をもたらす改変が、ノックアウトである、<1>~<3>のいずれか一項に記載の非ヒト動物またはその子孫。
<6> 動物繊維の平均スケール厚が野生型よりも有意に小さい非ヒト動物を作製する方法であって、非ヒト動物のKrtファミリーまたはKAPファミリーを構成する1つ以上の遺伝子の発現もしくは機能を低下させることを含む、前記方法。
<7> 動物繊維のスケール間隔が、野生型よりも有意に長い非ヒト動物を作製する方法であって、非ヒト動物のKrtファミリーを構成する遺伝子、KAPファミリーを構成する遺伝子から選択される1つ以上の遺伝子の発現もしくは機能の低下させることを含む、前記方法。
<8> Krtファミリーを構成する遺伝子が、Krt71、Krt72、Krt73、およびKrt74からなる群から選択され、KAPファミリーを構成する遺伝子が、KAP8-1サブファミリーからなる群から選択される、<5>~<7>のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
<9> さらに非ヒト動物のFgf5および/またはTyr遺伝子の発現もしくは機能を低下させることを含む、<5>~<8>のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
<11> <5>~<10>のいずれか一項に記載の方法により作製された非ヒト動物またはその子孫。
<12> 非ヒト動物またはその子孫が、哺乳類または鳥類である、<5>~<11>のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
<13> 哺乳類が、マウス、ラット、ウサギ、ヤギ、ヒツジ、アルパカ、リャマ、ラクダ、ヤク、アイベックス、グァナコ、キヴィアック、チルー、タヌキ、ラクーン、ミンク、セーブル、フォックス、ポッサム、オポッサム、ビーバー、アザラシ、ヌートリア、フェレットもしくはビクーニャ、または、これらのいずれか一つの哺乳類の交雑によって得られた哺乳類であり、鳥類が、カモ、ガチョウ、アヒルもしくはダチョウ、または、これらのいずれか一つの鳥類の交雑によって得られた鳥類である、<12>に記載の方法。
<14> ヤギが、カシミヤ、モヘヤ、アンゴラおよびカシゴラから選択される<13>に記載の方法。
<15> <5>~<14>に記載された方法によって作製された非ヒト動物またはその子孫。
<16> <1>~<4>または<15>に記載の非ヒト動物またはその子孫から得られた動物繊維。
<17> <16>に記載の動物繊維を含む動物繊維製品。
前記非ヒト動物は動物繊維を有し、
前記遺伝子改変は、Krt71、Krt72、Krt74、およびKAP8-1からなる群から選択される1つ以上の遺伝子の発現もしくは機能の低下もしくは欠損、または、前記1つ以上の遺伝子の破壊である、
動物繊維{但し、非ヒト動物は、イヌでもウシでもなくてよい}。
(P2)上記(P1)に記載の動物繊維であって、
(1)上記遺伝子改変を有しない動物の動物繊維と比較して、前記遺伝子改変を有する動物の動物繊維は、前記1つ以上の遺伝子がコードするタンパク質の含有量が少ないか、もしくは、(2)前記遺伝子改変を有する動物の動物繊維は、前記1つ以上の遺伝子がコードするタンパク質を含まない、
動物繊維。
(P3)上記(P1)または(P2)に記載の動物繊維であって、
上記遺伝子改変を有しない動物の動物繊維と比較して、前記遺伝子改変を有する動物の動物繊維は5%以上、10%以上、または15%以上小さな長径を有する、
動物繊維。
(P4)上記(P1)または(P2)に記載の動物繊維であって、
前記1つ以上の遺伝子が、Kap8-1を少なくとも含む、動物繊維。
(P5)上記(P3)に記載の動物繊維であって、
前記1つ以上の遺伝子が、Kap8-1を少なくとも含む、動物繊維。
(P6)上記(P1)または(P2)に記載の動物繊維であって、
前記1つ以上の遺伝子が、Krt71、Krt72およびKrt74から選択される1つ以上の遺伝子を少なくとも含む、動物繊維。
(P7)上記(P3)に記載の動物繊維であって、
前記1つ以上の遺伝子が、Krt71、Krt72およびKrt74から選択される1つ以上の遺伝子を少なくとも含む、動物繊維。
(P8)前記遺伝子改変は、FGF-5遺伝子およびTyr遺伝子のいずれかまたは両方の遺伝子の発現もしくは機能の低下もしくは欠損、または、遺伝子の破壊をさらに含む、上記(P1)または(P2)に記載の動物繊維。
(P9)前記遺伝子改変は、FGF-5遺伝子およびTyr遺伝子のいずれかまたは両方の遺伝子の発現もしくは機能の低下もしくは欠損、または、遺伝子の破壊をさらに含む、上記(P4)に記載の動物繊維。
(P10)前記遺伝子改変は、FGF-5遺伝子およびTyr遺伝子のいずれかまたは両方の遺伝子の発現もしくは機能の低下もしくは欠損、または、遺伝子の破壊をさらに含む、上記(P6)に記載の動物繊維。
(P11)上記(P8)に記載の動物繊維を含む、布、織物、または繊維製品。
(P12)上記(P9)に記載の動物繊維を含む、布、織物、または繊維製品。
(P13)上記(P10)に記載の動物繊維を含む、布、織物、または繊維製品。
(P14)上記(P1)または(P2)に記載の動物繊維を含む、布、織物、または繊維製品。
非ヒト動物は、上で列挙したいずれか一つの非ヒト動物の交雑によって得られた非ヒト動物であってもよい。さらに非ヒト動物は、上記の野生型のほかに、本発明の対象遺伝子とは別の遺伝子が改変された非ヒト動物であってもよい。本発明の遺伝子改変により平均繊維径の減少の有用性の観点からマウス、ウサギ、ラクダ、ヤギまたはヒツジが好ましく、ヤギとしてはカシミヤヤギが特に好ましい。
動物繊維は、ヒトの頭髪であってもよい。
具体的には、毛根部で増殖した毛母細胞は、内毛根鞘を構成する細胞と、毛表皮、毛皮質および毛髄質を構成する3種類の毛幹細胞へ分化し、各部位で特異的な発現をしながら増殖し、角化する。
したがって、一態様において、本発明は、非ヒト動物の内毛根鞘、毛表皮、毛皮質または毛髄質を含む組織で発現するKrtタンパク質をコードする1つ以上の遺伝子の発現または機能を低下させることを含む、非ヒト動物の作製方法を含む。
ネズミ科(但し、マウス以外)、チンチラ科、ヌートリア科、ビーバー科などの齧歯目、ウサギ科などのウサギ目;ヤギ亜科、ラクダ科、ウシ科などの偶蹄目(偶蹄類ともいう;但しウシ以外);イヌ科、アライグマ科、イタチ科などの食肉目;ポッサム科などのクスクス亜目;およびオポッサム科などのオポッサム目であり得、
チンチラ科、ヌートリア科、ビーバー科、ウサギ科などのウサギ目;ヤギ亜科、ラクダ科;イヌ科、アライグマ科、イタチ科などの食肉目;ポッサム科などのクスクス亜目;およびオポッサム科などのオポッサム目であり得る。したがって、動物繊維も、上記改変動物の動物繊維であり得る。一態様において、改変される遺伝子は、Krt71を含まない。
KAP遺伝子は、本発明の非ヒト動物のゲノム中に保持されるKAPファミリーのメンバーであれば、例えば、高グリシン/チロシンKAPタンパク質をコードする遺伝子であり得る。
本発明の好ましい態様では、遺伝子改変動物は、Krt72とKAP8-1の発現もしくは機能の低下、または、前記遺伝子の破壊を有する。
Krt71、Krt72、およびKAP8-1;
Krt72、Krt74、およびKAP8-1;または
Krt72、Krt74、およびKAP8-1
の発現もしくは機能の低下、または、前記遺伝子の破壊を有する。
本明細書において「ノックアウト」は、対象遺伝子の発現または機能の低下をもたらす改変、好ましくは対象遺伝子の破壊を意味する。ノックアウトは、このような改変であれば限定されず、対象領域の改変であっても、対象領域以外のゲノム上の任意の領域の改変であってもよい。本明細書において「対象領域」とは、対象遺伝子のコード領域、およびコード領域外で対象遺伝子の発現を制御する任意のシスまたはトランスエレメントをコードする領域を呼ぶ。ゲノム上の任意の領域の改変には、対象遺伝子の発現もしくは機能の低下または破壊をもたらす外部遺伝子の挿入、例えば、ゲノム編集因子、阻害核酸因子、RNA編集因子、エピジェネティック制御因子など発現する発現カセットを挿入する改変も包含される。このような発現カセットは、挿入後、直ちに対象遺伝子の発現もしくは機能の低下または破壊を引き起こさなくても、所定の期間経過後に低下または破壊をもたらすものであればよい。
マウスKrt71を標的とするgRNAの標的配列としては限定されず、配列番号1~3の配列を使用することができる。その他の動物種では、上記gRNAの標的配列に対応する塩基配列を有するgRNAを用いて、Krt71遺伝子を破壊することができる。
マウスKrt72を標的とするgRNAの標的配列としては限定されず、配列番号4~6の配列を使用することができる。その他の動物種では、上記gRNAの標的配列に対応する塩基配列を有するgRNAを用いて、Krt72遺伝子を破壊することができる。
マウスKrt74を標的とするgRNAの標的配列としては限定されず、配列番号10~12の配列を使用することができる。その他の動物種では、上記gRNAの標的配列に対応する塩基配列を有するgRNAを用いて、Krt74遺伝子を破壊することができる。
マウスKAP8-1を標的とするgRNAの標的配列としては限定されず、配列番号13~15の配列を使用することができる。その他の動物種では、上記gRNAの標的配列に対応する塩基配列を有するgRNAを用いて、KAP8-1遺伝子を破壊することができる。
マウスTyr配列を標的とするgRNAの標的配列としては限定されず、配列番号19~21の配列を使用することができる。その他の動物種では、上記gRNAの標的配列に対応する塩基配列を有するgRNAを用いて、KAP8-1遺伝子を破壊することができる。
マウスFgf5配列を標的とするgRNAの標的配列としては限定されず、配列番号22~24の配列を使用することができる。その他の動物種では、上記gRNAの標的配列に対応する塩基配列を有するgRNAを用いて、KAP8-1遺伝子を破壊することができる。
shRNAは、互いに相補性を有するアンチセンス領域及びセンス領域と、その間に介在するループ領域とを含む1本鎖RNA分子であり、アンチセンス領域とセンス領域との対合により二重鎖領域が形成され、ヘアピン状の3次元構造を呈する。shRNAは細胞内でdicerにより切断され、二本鎖siRNA分子を生成し、これがRISCに取り込まれ、RNA干渉を引き起こす。
Fgf5遺伝子の発現もしくは機能を低下させ、または破壊することで、非ヒト動物の動物繊維長が長くなる。また、Tyr遺伝子の発現または機能を低下させることで、非ヒト動物の動物繊維の色が白くなる。このため、一態様において、本発明のKrtまたはKAPから選択される1以上の遺伝子の発現または機能の低下と、Fgf5およびTyrのいずれかまたは両方の発現または機能の低下を併せることで、繊維径が細く、繊維長の長い動物繊維を持つ非ヒト動物(KrtまたはKAPから選択される1以上の遺伝子と、Fgf5遺伝子の発現または機能低下)、繊維径が細く、白い動物繊維を持つ非ヒト動物(KrtまたはKAPから選択される1以上の遺伝子と、Tyr遺伝子の発現または機能低下)、繊維径が細く、繊維長が長く、白い動物繊維を持つ非ヒト動物(KrtまたはKAPから選択される1以上の遺伝子と、Fgf5と、Tyr遺伝子の発現または機能低下)、あるいは、繊維長が長く、白い動物繊維を持つ非ヒト動物(Tyrと、Fgf5遺伝子の発現または機能低下)をそれぞれ得ることができる。Fgf5およびTyr遺伝子の発現もしくは機能を低下させ、または破壊する方法としては、上で詳述した対象遺伝子の発現もしくは機能を低下させ、または破壊する方法を使えばよい。
平均繊維径は、繊維製品の手触り、肌触り、着心地、光沢、伸縮性、保温性、速乾性などの性質の向上に寄与することが知られている。したがって、本発明によって作製された繊維製品は、手触り、肌触り、着心地、柔軟性、伸縮性、保温性、速乾性、光沢から選択される1以上の性質を向上した繊維製品を得ることが出来る。
本発明の方法によって作製された動物は、体毛全体の平均繊維径が細いため、かかる動物から得られた動物繊維は、細い毛のみを選別する選別工程を省略して生産することができる。したがって、経済的に合理的である。
もし、作製された非ヒト動物の動物繊維の平均繊維径に個体差がある場合には、平均繊維径の小さな個体を選別してから、当該選別された個体から動物繊維を回収してもよい。これにより、平均繊維径の小さな動物繊維を主に回収することができる。
(1)試料の作製
野生型マウス(C57BL/6N系統;日本エスエルシー社から購入、以下同様)、カシミヤヤギ、ヒツジの動物繊維をそれぞれ8M尿素溶液へ添加し、これを超音波処理し溶解した。ここに0.26MのDTTを添加し37℃で1時間インキュベートし、試料中のタンパク質を還元した。その後、試料に0.22Mのヨードアセトアミド(IAA)を添加し、30分間、37℃でインキュベートしてタンパク質をアルキル化した。試料からタンパク質を沈殿し、精製するためにアセトン沈殿を行った。アセトン沈殿は、まず、試料量に対して10倍量のTCA/アセトン(10% TCA in Acetone)を添加し、攪拌した。試料を-20℃で一晩静置した後、15000×gで10分間、4℃で遠心分離を行った。上清を除去した後、少量の冷アセトンでペレットを洗浄し、遠心分離後に上清を除去した。アセトンを揮発させた後、0.5M尿素溶液を添加して試料を再溶解した。
(2)質量分析およびデータ解析
このようにして得られたペプチド試料を、それぞれ、質量分析法(LC-MS/MS)を用いて分析した。LCとして超高分解能フーリエ変換型質量分析装置 (Orbitrap Fusion)(Thermo Fisher、Cat NO. IQLAAEGAAPFADBMBHQ)を測定に使用した。
以下では、動物種によらず、共通の発毛メカニズムに関与していると考えられる多数の遺伝子から、Krt71、Krt72、Krt73、Krt74、KAP8-1、KAP8-2、Tyr、およびFgf-5を選択し、これらの遺伝子の破壊を個別に試みた。
(1)crRNA、tracrRNCas9タンパク質の調整
マウスのKrt71、Krt72、Krt73、Krt74、KAP8-1、KAP8-2、Tyr、Fgf-5に対するcrRNA(Alt-R(商標)、CRISPR-Cas9 crRNA)、tracrRNA(Alt-R(商標)CRISPR-Cas9 tracrRNA, 5 nmol、Cat# 1072532)およびCas9タンパク質(Alt R(商標)S.p. Cas9 Nuclease V3, 100 μg Cat# 1081058)はIntegrated DNA Technologies, Inc((以下、IDTと称する)、米国)より購入した。それぞれの標的遺伝子に対して3種類のcrRNA配列を設計し、得られたcrRNAそれぞれを1μg/μlとなるように、Opti-MEMI( Thermo Fisher Scientific、Cat#31985062)に添加して溶解した。crRNAの配列中のDNA標的化部位の核酸配列は以下の通りである。3種類のcrRNA配列が異なる3箇所を標的化することができ、各遺伝子について最大で3箇所の変異を導入することができると期待される。
Krt71 crRNA1; CCTACCGGGCAGGAGGCAAA(配列番号1)
Krt71 crRNA2; AGCGGGAAGAACGGAGGTTT(配列番号2)
Krt71 crRNA3; ACCTGATGGATACCGCCAGG(配列番号3)
Krt72 KO用crRNAの標的部位の配列(RNA上ではTはUに変わる)
Krt72 crRNA2; GTCATCTCAGGCAGGCTCAG(配列番号4)
Krt72 crRNA3; AGAAGCCTGTTCTGTGTGGG(配列番号5)
Krt72 crRNA4; CGGGATAGAGGGTCAACTGG(配列番号6)
Krt73 KO用crRNAの標的部位の配列(RNA上ではTはUに変わる)
Krt73 crRNA1; TCTTACCGGGCAGCCGGCAA(配列番号7)
Krt73 crRNA2; AGCGGGCGCACAGGGGGATA(配列番号8)
Krt73 crRNA3; AATCCATCCTTGTGCCTGCC(配列番号9)
Krt74 KO用crRNAの標的部位の配列(RNA上ではTはUに変わる)
Krt74 crRNA1; GATTCCCTCCAAGACTGTAG(配列番号10)
Krt74 crRNA2; AGCTTTGGATATGGGTATGG(配列番号11)
Krt74 crRNA3; TCTGTCTGGGGGCATCTACC(配列番号12)
KAP8-1 KO用crRNAの標的部位の配列(RNA上ではTはUに変わる)
KAP8-1 cRNA1; GTCTTCCCAGGATGCTACTG(配列番号13)
KAP8-1 cRNA2; CAGCCAACACTGTACCCCAG(配列番号14)
KAP8-1 cRNA3; GGTAGCACCTACTCTCCAGT(配列番号15)
KAP8-2 KO用crRNAの標的部位の配列(RNA上ではTはUに変わる)
KAP8-2 cRNA1; GTAGCTGCCGTAGTAGCTCA(配列番号16)
KAP8-2 cRNA2; GGCTCTGGCATCCGAGGCTT(配列番号17)
KAP8-2 cRNA3; GGAGGTTACGGATATGGATC(配列番号18)
Tyr KO用crRNAの標的部位の配列(RNA上ではTはUに変わる)
Tyr crRNA1; TGCCAACAAGTTCTTAGAGG(配列番号19)
Tyr crRNA2; GGTCATCCACCCCTTTGAAG(配列番号20)
Tyr crRNA3; CAGTGCTCAGGCAACTTCAT(配列番号21)
Fgf5 KO用crRNAの標的部位の配列(RNA上ではTはUに変わる)
Fgf5 crRNA1; CCCAAGCGCTGTGGATCAGG(配列番号22)
Fgf5 crRNA2; ACGTCGCGCTACTTCTGCCC(配列番号23)
Fgf5 crRNA3; GTTTCCAGTGGAGCCCTTCG(配列番号24)
C57BL/6Nは、日本エスエルシーから購入した。C57BL/6Nのオスの精巣上体より精子塊を回収した。FERTIUP(商標)-精子前培養培地(九動株式会社(以下、九動と称する)、日本)でインキュベートした。CARD HyperOva(商標)(九動)により超過剰排卵誘発を行ったC57BL/6Nのメスより卵子塊をCARD mHTF培地(九動)に回収した。精子懸濁液を卵子含む培地に添加することにより体外受精を行った。3時間の媒精後、卵子をCARD KSOM培地(九動)に3回移すことにより、卵子の洗浄を行った。
2細胞期の胚を、交配後0.5日の偽妊娠マウスの卵管に移植した。出産から3週後に耳の一部を採取し50mMNaOH90μl中で98℃、10分間処理した後1MTrisHCl(pH8.0)10μlで中和しゲノムDNA溶液を採取した。CRISPR/Cas9による各遺伝子の変異を調べるために、各標的配列に隣接するゲノム領域を、以下の特異的プライマーを使用するPCRにより増幅させた。
mKrt71_Miseq_Fw;
TCGTCGGCAGCGTCAGATGTGTATAAGAGACAGATCTACCTTCCTCCTGCACCT(配列番号25)
mKrt71_Miseq_Rv;
GTCTCGTGGGCTCGGAGATGTGTATAAGAGACATTGTTCAGAGCCTTGATCTGCT(配列番号26)
Krt72のKO確認用プライマーセット
Krt72 N-Fw; AATTAGCTGACTCCATCCTGCC(配列番号27)
Krt72 N-Rv; CCTTGATCTGCTCCCTCTCTTG(配列番号28)
Krt72-Miseq_Fw;
TCGTCGGCAGCGTCAGATGTGTATAAGAGACAGCCAGGAGTGCAGCTGTATCC(配列番号107)
Krt72-Miseq_Rv;
GTCTCGTGGGCTCGGAGATGTGTATAAGAGACAGACATTGAGTGGGGCCAGAAG(配列番号108)
Krt73のKO確認用プライマーセット
mKrt73_Miseq_Fw;
TCGTCGGCAGCGTCAGATGTGTATAAGAGACAGCTGTCTGTGGCTTCTTCAGGAT(配列番号20)
mKrt73_Miseq_Rv;
GTCTCGTGGGCTCGGAGATGTGTATAAGAGACAGCGAATTTGTTGTTCAGAGCCT(配列番号30)
Krt74のKO確認用プライマーセット
mKrt74_Miseq_Fw;
TCGTCGGCAGCGTCAGATGTGTATAAGAGACAGGTTGGCAACTGAACTTCAGGTC(配列番号31)
mKrt74_Miseq_Rv;
GTCTCGTGGGCTCGGAGATGTGTATAAGAGACAACTTGTCGTTCAGAGCCTTGAT(配列番号32)
KAP8-1のKO確認用プライマーセット
Krtap8-1 Fw; AAGACCAAGCGCTTTTGAAGTC(配列番号33)
Krtap8-1 Rv; AGGTGTCACAAAGCCTTCATGA(配列番号34)
KAP8-1-Miseq_Fw;
TCGTCGGCAGCGTCAGATGTGTATAAGAGACAGAAGAATGAAAATGAGGGCCTTGTG(配列番号35)
KAP8-1-Miseq_Rv;
GTCTCGTGGGCTCGGAGATGTGTATAAGAGACAGAGGTGTCACAAAGCCTTCATGA(配列番号36)
KAP8-2のKO確認用プライマーセット
KAP8-2_Miseq_Fw;
TCGTCGGCAGCGTCAGATGTGTATAAGAGACAGACAACGGAAGGGTATGTTCATGA(配列番号37)
KAP8-2_Miseq_Rv;
GTCTCGTGGGCTCGGAGATGTGTATAAGAGACATTTCTTCTTGACTTGATTCACAGTCAG(配列番号38)TyrのKO確認用プライマーセット
Tyr Fw; CCAGGGGTTGCTGGAAAAGA(配列番号39)
Tyr Rv; TCTTTTCGGAGACACTCAAATCA(配列番号40)
Fgf5のKO確認用プライマーセット
Fgf5 Fw; GAGGCTATGTCCACCCTGTG(配列番号41)
Fgf5 Rv; GTCCCTCCCAGAACAGGTTT(配列番号42)
3週齢の野生型およびKrt71、Krt72、Krt73、もしくはKrt74、またはKAP8-1もしくはKAP8-2ノックアウトマウスのAwl毛を観察した。マウスのAw1毛の先端から2mmの断面を走査型電子顕微鏡3000倍で観察し、長径を測定した。具体的には、以下の手順で包埋、切断および固定し、走査型電子顕微鏡で観察した。
[撮影条件]
加速電圧:5kV(高倍率観察モード)WD:20mm
観察角度:0°(毛と平行)観察倍率:3000倍
各Awl毛(以下、試料ともいう)を1mm溝のシリコンモールドに入れ、紫外線硬化樹脂を滴下し、モールドに流し込んだ。モールドの壁面に接触しないように試料の位置を調節した後、10Wブラックライト下で3時間以上照射する。硬化を確認後、余分な樹脂を削り取った。
[断面の作製]
樹脂に包埋した試料を実態顕微鏡で観察しながら、毛先2mmの箇所を片刃カミソリで切断した。毛先から2mmの位置はJIS規格1級の金属直尺を用いて測定・決定した。切断に使用したカミソリは×印を入れ、以後の断面作製には使用を禁止した。
[スパッタリング手順]
電子顕微鏡にて直角に観察できる試料台に観察試料を固定した。Auスパッタリング装置(JFC-1200FINE COATER(日本電子(株)製))にてAu微粒子を120秒間塗布した(Au膜厚の理論値は約20nm)。
[電子顕微鏡観察手順]
電子顕微鏡(VHX-D510((株)キーエンス製)にて試料を観察した。観察方向は包埋した樹脂と平行になる位置で固定し、撮影後は試料の長径を測定した。撮影条件は下記とした。
[撮影条件]
加速電圧:5kV(高倍率観察モード)WD:8mm
観察角度:0°(包埋樹脂と平行)観察倍率:3000倍
作製した全てのノックアウトマウス(3週齢)のAwl毛の先端から2mm部分の側面を走査型電子顕微鏡で1200倍で撮影した。Auスパッタリング装置(DII-29010SCTR Smart Coater、日本電子株式会社製)にてAu微粒子を60秒間塗布した(Au膜厚の理論値は約5nm)。固定は特に行わなかった。
[撮影条件]
加速電圧:10kV WD:20mm
観察倍率:1200倍
毛のスケール間隔を測定するために撮影した毛の像を基に、スケールの幅を各ノックアウトマウスで測定した。
3週齢の野生型マウスおよびFgf-5ノックアウトマウスのAwl毛をそれぞれ採取し、長さを測定した。結果を表10に示す。マウスは各1頭であり、nは計測した毛の本数であり、毛の長さmmはそれらの平均の長さを示す。「WT」は野生型を示す。
3週齢の野生型マウス(C57BL/6N系統;黒色)およびそのTyrノックアウトマウスの写真を図12に示す。野生型では体毛は黒色を呈するのに対して、Tyrノックアウトマウスでは毛が白色になることが確認できた(図12参照)。
本実施例では、Krt72の遺伝子破壊を有するヤギを作製し、その動物繊維の径を分析した。動物繊維としてはアンダーコートを用いた。
ヤギのKAP8-1に対するcrRNA(Alt-R(商標)、CRISPR-Cas9 crRNA)、tracrRNA(Alt-R(商標) CRISPR-Cas9 tracrRNA, 5 nmol、Cat# 1072532)、Cas9エレクトロポレーション エンハンサーおよびCas9タンパク質(Alt R(商標) S.p. Cas9 Nuclease V3, 100 μg Cat# 1081058)はIntegrated DNA Technologies, Inc((以下、IDTと称する)、米国)より購入した。3種類のcrRNAそれぞれを1μg/μlとなるように、Opti-MEMI(Thermo Fisher Scientific、Cat#31985062)に添加し、溶解した。crRNA、エレポエンハンサーの配列は以下の通りである。
雌雄ヤギは井上商店から購入した。PG(動物用プロナルゴンF注射薬(商標) Zoetis)投与により同期化を開始し、P4(ルティナス膣錠100mg(商標)フェリング・ファーマ)同期化実施し、E2(動物用オバホルモン注(商標)あすかアニマルヘルス)により卵胞誘起開始。FSH(アントリンR10 (商標)共立製薬)漸減法により過剰排卵誘発を行った雌ヤギにPGとhCG(ゲストロン1500(商標)共立製薬)を投与後、雄ヤギと交配させた。排卵後、吸入麻酔にて開腹手術を実施し、子宮角・卵巣を切除回収した。子宮角側より留置針(サーフロー(商標)テルモ)を留置し、PBS(エンブリオテック(商標)日本全薬工業株式会社)にて卵管内還流し、体内受精卵を回収した。培養液(BO-HEPES-IVM(商標)ivf Bioscience)受精卵を回収し、さらに培養液(BO-IVC(商標)ivf Bioscience)にて3回移すことにより受精卵の洗浄を行った。
培養7日目の胚盤胞の胚を、同期化を行い培養7日目同日の移植用ヤギの子宮角に、吸入麻酔下の開腹手術にて移植した。出産から1週間以内に耳の一部を採取し50mM NaOH 90μl中で98℃、10分間処理した後1M Tris HCl(pH8.0)10μlで中和しゲノムDNA溶液を採取した。CRISPR/Cas9による各遺伝子の変異を調べるために、各標的配列に隣接するゲノム領域を、以下の特異的プライマーを使用するPCRにより増幅させた。
各種動物毛からタンパク質試料を調製し、ウェスタンブロット法を用いてKrt72もしくはKAP8-1タンパク質を検出した。具体的には以下のようにして行った。
(1)タンパク試料の調整
各種動物毛を2~3mm長に切断し、エタノールで洗浄後、8M 尿素、0.1M Tris-HCl pH8.0、2% SDS、100mM DTT中で37℃で1日間インキュベートさせた。さらに60℃で30分間インキュベートし、10,00rpmで5分間遠心した。上清を回収し、4×SDS Sample buffer (wako)を等量添加した。
(2)ウェスタンブロット法
個々のタンパク質試料(100μg)をSDSゲル上で分離し、PVDF膜(Millopore)に電気泳動的に転写した。転写したPVDF膜をBlocking One (Nacalai tesque)に浸漬し、室温で1時間振盪、ブロッキング処理を行った。一次抗体は以下の表に示したものを使用し、PBSTで20倍希釈したBlocking Oneを用いて希釈し、4℃で1日間振盪させた。二次抗体はPeroxidase AffiniPure Donkey Anti-Rabbit IgG(Jackson immune Research)を使用し、1:10000になるように希釈し、室温で1時間振盪した。Western ECLブロッティング基質(Bio-Rad)を用いて検出した。
データベースから様々な生物種のKAP8-1(図15)、Krt71(図16)、Krt72(図17)、Krt74(図18)を取得し、アミノ酸配列の同一性を求めた。欠くタンパク質について動物種間で保存されている領域をMotif Searchにより特定し、当該領域が機能ドメインであることをNCBIデータベースに基づいて確認した上で、当該ドメインについてのアミノ酸配列の同一性を算出した。その結果、いずれの動物種も高い配列同一性を示した。このように、破壊した遺伝子は、種を超えて高い配列同一性を有していたことから、これらのタンパク質機能も種を超えて保存されていると考えられる。
Claims (8)
- 遺伝子改変を有する動物、またはその動物繊維であって、
前記動物は動物繊維を有し、
前記遺伝子改変は、KrtもしくはKAPファミリーを構成する1つ以上の遺伝子の発現もしくは機能の低下もしくは欠損、または、前記1つ以上の遺伝子の破壊である、
遺伝子改変動物、またはその動物繊維。 - 請求項1に記載の遺伝子改変を有する動物、またはその動物繊維であって、
(i)上記遺伝子改変を有しない動物の動物繊維と比較して、前記遺伝子改変を有する動物の動物繊維はより小さな長径を有する、および/または
(ii-1)上記遺伝子改変を有しない動物の動物繊維と比較して、前記遺伝子改変を有する動物の動物繊維は、前記1つ以上の遺伝子がコードするタンパク質の含有量が少ないか、もしくは、(ii-2)前記遺伝子改変を有する動物の動物繊維は、前記1つ以上の遺伝子がコードするタンパク質を含まない、
遺伝子改変動物、またはその動物繊維。 - 請求項1または2に記載の遺伝子改変を有する動物、またはその動物繊維であって、
上記遺伝子改変を有しない動物の動物繊維と比較して、前記遺伝子改変を有する動物の動物繊維は5%以上、10%以上、または15%以上小さな長径を有する、
遺伝子改変動物、またはその動物繊維。 - 請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の遺伝子改変を有する動物、またはその動物繊維であって、
KrtもしくはKAPファミリーを構成する1つ以上の遺伝子が、Kap8-1を少なくとも含む、遺伝子改変動物、またはその動物繊維。 - 請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の遺伝子改変動物、またはその動物繊維であって、
KrtもしくはKAPファミリーを構成する1つ以上の遺伝子が、Krt71、Krt72およびKrt74から選択される1つ以上の遺伝子を少なくとも含む、遺伝子改変動物、またはその動物繊維。 - 前記遺伝子改変は、FGF-5遺伝子およびTyr遺伝子のいずれかまたは両方の遺伝子の発現もしくは機能の低下もしくは欠損、または、遺伝子の破壊をさらに含む、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の遺伝子改変動物、またはその動物繊維。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の動物繊維。
- 請求項7に記載の動物繊維を含む、布、織物、または繊維製品。
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| JP2006132059A (ja) | 2004-11-09 | 2006-05-25 | Japan Wool Textile Co Ltd | 獣毛繊維製品 |
| JP2006283254A (ja) | 2005-04-04 | 2006-10-19 | Toyobo Co Ltd | 脱スケール加工が可能な弾性複合獣毛繊維紡績糸およびそれを用いた防縮加工方法 |
| WO2012005368A1 (ja) | 2010-07-08 | 2012-01-12 | 株式会社ボナック | 遺伝子発現制御のための一本鎖核酸分子 |
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| JP2006132059A (ja) | 2004-11-09 | 2006-05-25 | Japan Wool Textile Co Ltd | 獣毛繊維製品 |
| JP2006283254A (ja) | 2005-04-04 | 2006-10-19 | Toyobo Co Ltd | 脱スケール加工が可能な弾性複合獣毛繊維紡績糸およびそれを用いた防縮加工方法 |
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