WO2023233367A1

WO2023233367A1 - Herbicidal mixtures for crop protection

Info

Publication number: WO2023233367A1
Application number: PCT/IB2023/055680
Authority: WO
Inventors: Andrew HORSFIELD
Original assignee: Adama Agan Ltd
Current assignee: Adama Agan Ltd
Priority date: 2022-06-03
Filing date: 2023-06-02
Publication date: 2023-12-07
Anticipated expiration: 2024-12-03
Also published as: AR129510A1; AU2023278504A1

Abstract

The invention discloses a mixture comprising: (i) flurochloridone, salts or solvates thereof; and ii) a second herbicide selected from the group consisting of a. a hydroxyphenyl pyruvate dioxygenase inhibitor selected from the group consisting of the family of the triketones, isoxaflutole, and the family of pyrazoles; b. a protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor; c. an inhibitor of photosynthesis at PS II selected from the group consisting of the family of triazines, amicarbazone, bentazone, pyridate, the family of uracils, the family of ureas, the family of phenylcarbamates, the family of triazinones, and the family of the amides; d. a cellulose synthesis inhibitor selected from the group consisting of the family of nitriles, flupoxam, isoxaben, and the family of alkylazines; e. a dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitor from the aryl pyrrolidinone anilide family; and salts and mixtures thereof. The invention also includes formulations and tank mixtures thereof, as well as weeding methods comprising said mixture.

Description

HERBICIDAL MIXTURES FOR CROP PROTECTION

FIELD OF INVENTION

The present disclosure relates to mixtures of active ingredients comprising, flurochloridone, salts or solvates thereof and a second herbicide, and to methods of controlling weeds comprising the application of said mixtures.

BACKGROUND OF INVENTION

The vulnerability of crops to weeds makes crop protection management one of the major components of the total crop production system. Various insects and fungi along with the undesired weeds are very harmful to crop plants and can significantly reduce crop yields and qualities. Herbicides alone or in combination help minimize this damage by controlling threats to the crop. Many active ingredients either of the same class or having mixtures of different classes are commercially available for these purposes.

Combinations of herbicides or mixtures of one or more herbicides with other active ingredients are typically used to broaden spectrum of control, to minimize the doses of chemicals used, to retard the development of resistance and to reduce the cost of the treatment through additive effect. Although many combinations of one herbicide agent with one or more active ingredients have been studied, a synergistic effect is rarely attained.

Practical agricultural experience has shown that the repeated and exclusive application of an individual active ingredient leads in many cases to the development of resistance against the active compound in question. Therefore, there is a need for strategies that help prevent or overcome resistance. To reduce the risk of weeds becoming resistant to certain active compounds, mixtures of different active ingredients are nowadays conventionally employed. By combining judiciously active compounds it is possible to ensure successful control over a relatively long period of time and a broad scope of weeds.

Flurochloridone was first disclosed by Stauffer Chemical Co. in DE 2612731, and reported by F. Pereiro et al (Proc. Br. Crop Prot. Conf. - Weeds, 1982, 1, 225) and has the chemical name (3/?S,4/?S;3/?S,4S/?)-3-chloro-4-chloromethyl-l-(a,a,a-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-2-pyrrolidone, and the following structural Formula (1):

Flurochloridone is a herbicide used for both pre and early post-emergent control of weeds in sunflowers, carrots, potatoes, pulses, cereals and a range of other crops; with use rates varying from 180 to 760 g ai/ha. Application methods include post-sow pre-crop emergence and early post crop emergence depending on the crop type and selectivity. Flurochloridone's mode of action is the inhibition of phytoene desaturase, which inhibits the synthesis of carotenoids and prevents the photo-oxidation of chlorophyll. Flurochloridone is classified by the Herbicide Resistance Action Committee as Group 12. It is available on the marketplace as an emulsifiable concentrate and as a capsulated suspension.

It is an object of the present disclosure to provide mixtures and formulations of judiciously selected active ingredients which have improved activity against harmful weeds. It is an object of the present disclosure to provide mixtures and formulations that have a synergistical positive effect with flurochloridone, salts or solvates thereof.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an endeavor of the present disclosure to find mixtures comprising flurochloridone, salts or solvates thereof and the second herbicide that provide improved control of weeds. These improvements come in the form of a synergistic efficacy among active ingredients, whether being applied simultaneously, that is jointly (e.g. blend, solution, alloy) or separately, or in succession. That is, allowing better control of weeds than it is possible with the individual compounds alone. Improvements can also overcome at least one of the challenges in the prior art, for example, by reducing the dosage rate or by enhancing the spectrum of activity or by combining knock-down activity with prolonged control or by facilitating resistance management.

It is an aspect of the present disclosure to provide a mixture comprising i) flurochloridone, salts or solvates thereof; and ii) a second herbicide selected from the group consisting of a. a hydroxyphenyl pyruvate dioxygenase inhibitor selected from the group consisting of the family of the triketones, isoxaflutole, and the family of pyrazoles; b. a protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor; c. an inhibitor of photosynthesis at PS II selected from the group consisting of the family of triazines, amicarbazone, bentazone, pyridate, the family of uracils, the family of ureas, the family of phenylcarbamates, the family of triazinones, and the family of the amides; d. a cellulose synthesis inhibitor selected from the group consisting of the family of nitriles, flupoxam, isoxaben, and the family of alkylazines; and e. a dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitor from the aryl pyrrolidinone anilide family; or salts, or solvates or mixtures thereof.

Furthermore, the simultaneous (jointly or separately) application of flurochloridone, salts or solvates thereof and the second herbicide, or their successive application results in the synergistic enhancement of weed control and crop yield.

The present disclosure provides a mixture wherein the weight ratio of flurochloridone, salts or solvates thereof and the second herbicide is from 60:1 to 1:60, and the amount of each active ingredient is about 0.1-99 wt. %, about 0.1-95 wt. %, or about 0.1-90 wt. %, based on the total weight of the mixture composition.

The present disclosure provides a mixture comprising flurochloridone, salts or solvates thereof and the second herbicide, as mentioned above, wherein the application rates of each active ingredient is from 1 g/ha to 2000 g/ha.

It is a further aspect of the present disclosure a formulation comprising a mixture of flurochloridone, salts or solvates thereof and the second herbicide, as mentioned above, and further comprising at least one agriculturally acceptable additive, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of a carrier, a surfactant, a solvent and combinations thereof.

It is a further aspect of the present disclosure the use for controlling weeds of the mixture or of the formulation or of a tank mix as disclosed herein.

The method for controlling weeds comprises contacting the weeds or their locus with an agriculturally effective amount of the mixture or of the formulation or of a tank mix as disclosed herein. A further aspect of the present disclosure is a tank mix comprising the mixture or the formulation as disclosed herein, water; and, optionally, an agriculturally acceptable adjuvant.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

Definitions

Prior to setting forth the present subject matter in detail, it may be helpful to provide definitions of certain terms used herein. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as is commonly understood by one of skill in the art to which this subject matter pertains.

As used herein, the term "active ingredient" includes, but is not limited to, herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides.

As used herein, the term "herbicide" refers to an active ingredient capable of controlling unwanted plants or weeds, for example when growing in the locus of the desired crop.

As used herein, the terms "control" or "controlling" are meant to include, but are not limited to, any killing, growth regulating, inhibiting or interfering with the normal life cycle of a weed.

As used herein, the term "effective" when used to describe a method for controlling, means that the method provides a good level of control of the undesired weeds without significantly interfering with the normal growth and development of the crop.

As used herein, the term "effective amount" when used in connection with an active ingredient or a combination of active ingredients refers to an amount thereof that, when ingested, contacted with or sensed, is sufficient to achieve a good level of control or activity without significantly harming the crop.

As used herein, the term "effective amount" when used in connection with a non-active component, i.e. additive, such as a polymer or an organic carrier, refers to an amount of the additive that is sufficient to perform its function within the formulation.

As used herein, the term "agriculturally acceptable" refers to any substance accepted in the art for the formation of compositions for agricultural or horticultural use. For example, the term "agriculturally acceptable additive" is defined as any substance accepted in the art for the formation of compositions for agricultural or horticultural use that itself is not an active ingredient but is added to the formulation to improve its properties, such as stability, flowability, density, etc. Examples of such additives are carriers, pH modifiers (e.g. acids or bases), thickening agent, sticking agents, surfactants, anti-oxidation agent, anti-foaming agents and thickeners.

As used herein, the term "adjuvant" is broadly defined as any substance that itself is not an active ingredient, but which enhances or is intended to enhance the effectiveness of the pesticide with which it is used. Adjuvants may be understood to include, but are not limited to, spreading agents, penetrants, compatibility agents, and drift retardants. They are typically used to dilute ready mix formulations prior to application in the field, although some formulations include built-in adjuvants.

As used herein, the term "ready mix" means a formulation that may be applied to plants directly after dilution. The formulation comprises one or more active ingredients. The term "mixture" refers, but is not limited to, a combination in any physical form, e.g., blend, solution, alloy, or the like.

As used herein, the term "tank mix" or "tank mixture" refers to the mixture of two or more active ingredients or formulations that are mixed shortly before application. Tank mixtures can therefore be formed by mixing one or more formulations (each comprising one or more active ingredients) with water. Alternatively, as mentioned above, tank mixtures may comprise the mixture of one or more formulations (each comprising one or more active ingredients) with one or more adjuvants.

As used herein the term "plant" or "crop" includes reference to whole plants, plant organs (e.g. leaves, stems, twigs, roots, trunks, limbs, shoots, fruits etc.), plant cells, or plant seeds. This term also encompasses plant crops such as fruits. The term "plant" may also include the propagation material thereof, which may include all the generative parts of the plant such as seeds and vegetative plant materials such as cuttings and tubers, which can be used for the multiplication of the plant. It may also include spores, corms, bulbs, rhizomes, sprouts basal shoots, stolons, and buds and other parts of plants, including seedlings and young plants, which are to be transplanted after germination or after emergence from soil.

As used herein, the term "locus" includes a habitat, breeding ground, plant, propagation material, soil, area, material or environment in which a pest is growing or may grow.

As used herein, the term "herbicide-tolerant" or "herbicide tolerant" refers to crops or weeds that survive and reproduce after herbicide treatment at a normal use rate. Such tolerance can be naturally acquired or introduced through genetic engineering methods. The term "a" or "an" as used herein includes the singular and the plural, unless specifically stated otherwise. Therefore, the terms "a," "an" or "at least one" can be used interchangeably in this application.

As used herein the term "ha" refers to hectare.

As used herein, the term "g" refers to gram, and "L" or "I" refers to litre.

As used herein, the term "more effective" may include, but is not limited to, increasing efficacy of the pesticidal control, prolonging protection and reducing the amount of time needed to achieve a given level of pesticidal control, prolonging the duration of protection against weeds attack after application and extending the protection period against the attack of weeds, reducing the amount of time needed to achieve a level of weeds control compared to when each pesticide at the same amount is applied alone and/or increasing the yield of the crop.

As used herein, the term "surfactant" means an agriculturally acceptable material which imparts emulsifiability, stability, spreading, wetting, dispersibility or other surface-modifying properties. Examples of suitable surfactants include non-ionic, anionic, cationic and ampholytic surfactants.

For purposes of better understanding the present teachings and in no way limiting the scope of the teachings, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the following specification and attached claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained. At the very least, each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques. In this regard, use of the term "about" herein specifically includes ±10% from the indicated values in the range. In addition, the endpoints of all ranges directed to the same component or property herein are inclusive of the endpoints, are independently combinable, and include all intermediate points and ranges.

Unless otherwise specified, references to percentages of a component present in a combination are by weight (wt.) percentages of the component with respect to the total weight of the mixture, combination, formulation or tank mix, as the case may be.

It is further understood that where a parameter range is provided, all integers within that range, and tenths thereof, are also provided by the subject matter. For example, "0.1% to 50%" includes 0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.3 %, 0.4 % etc. up to 50 %.

Pesticidal Mixtures It has been found that by combining flurochloridone, salts or solvates thereof and a second herbicide as defined herein exhibit a surprisingly broad spectrum of control and synergistic efficacy against a very wide range of weeds. The mixtures and formulations disclosed herein are based in part on the finding that application of the mixture of the present disclosure to a locus or area where weeds control is desired results in improved and synergistic control thereof. Further, the inventors have stablished that the mixtures improve the yield of the crop to which they are applied.

The formulations described herein typically provide a higher herbicidal activity than that the sum of the activities of each of the herbicide when applied at the same rate. Such a combination allows the reduced dosages of the individual herbicides which can damage agriculturally important plants.

The inventors have discovered that the mixture of i) flurochloridone, salts or solvates thereof; and ii) a second herbicide selected from the group consisting of a. a hydroxyphenyl pyruvate dioxygenase inhibitor selected from the group consisting of the family of the triketones, isoxaflutole, and the family of pyrazoles; b. a protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor; c. an inhibitor of photosynthesis at PS II selected from the group consisting of the family of triazines, amicarbazone, bentazone, pyridate, the family of uracils, the family of ureas, the family of phenylcarbamates, the family of triazinones, and the family of the amides; d. a cellulose synthesis inhibitor selected from the group consisting of the family of nitriles, flupoxam, isoxaben, and the family of alkylazines; and e. a dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitor from the aryl pyrrolidinone anilide family; or salts, or solvates or mixtures thereof provides a synergistic control of weeds.

The hydroxyphenyl pyruvate dioxygenase inhibitors can a triketone, a pyrazole or isoxaflutole. Triketones can be, for example, one selected from the group consisting of fenquinotrione, lancotrione, mesotrione, sulcotrione, tefuryltrione, and tembotrione, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof. Pyrazoles can be, for example, one selected from the group consisting of tolpyralate, topramezone, and pyrasulfotole, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof N-phenilimides are typically one selected from the group consisting of saflufenacil, tiafenacil, and trifludimoxazin, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof.

Photosynthesis at PS II can be a triazine selected from the group consisting of ametryne, terbutryn, prometryn, and cyanazine, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof.

Photosynthesis at PS II can be selected from the group consisting of triazines, uracils, ureas, phenylcarbamates, amides, triazinones, amicarbazone, bentazone, and pyridate. Uracils can be selected from the group consisting of bromacil, terbacil, and Lenacil, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof. Ureas can be selected from the group consisting of chlorotoluron, diuron, fluometuron, linuron, and isoproturon, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof. Phenylcarbamate can be selected from the group consisting of desmedipham, and phenmedipham, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof. Triazinones can be selected from the group consisting of hexazinone, and metamitron, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof. Amides can be, for example, propanil, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof.

Cellulose synthesis inhibitor can be selected from the group consisting of nitriles, alkylazines, flupoxam, and isoxaben. Thus, for example a nitrile can be selected from the group consisting of chlorthiamid, and dichlobenil, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof. Alkylazine can be, for example, indaziflam, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof.

For example, the mixture may comprise. i) flurochloridone, salts or solvates thereof; and ii) a second herbicide selected from the group consisting of mesotrione, chlorotoluron, and isoxaben, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof.

Alternatively, the mixture may contain as the only active ingredients (consists of) i) flurochloridone, salts or solvates thereof; and ii) a second herbicide selected from the group consisting of mesotrione, chlorotoluron, and isoxaben, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof.

For example, the mixture may comprise i) flurochloridone, salts or solvates thereof; and ii) a second herbicide selected from the group consisting of mesotrione, chlorotoluron, isoxaben, indaziflam, tembotrione, amicarbazone, bentazone, and linuron, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof.

Alternatively, the mixture may contain as the only active ingredients (consists of) i) flurochloridone, salts or solvates thereof; and ii) a second herbicide selected from the group consisting of mesotrione, chlorotoluron, isoxaben, indaziflam, tembotrione, amicarbazone, bentazone, and linuron, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof.

Therefore, the present disclosure provides a synergistic herbicidal mixture comprising flurochloridone and chlorotoluron, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof.

Also, the present disclosure provides a synergistic herbicidal mixture comprising flurochloridone and isoxaben, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof.

Also, the present disclosure provides a synergistic herbicidal mixture comprising flurochloridone and mesotrione, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof.

Also, the present disclosure provides a synergistic herbicidal mixture comprising flurochloridone and saflufenacil, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof.

Also, the present disclosure provides a synergistic herbicidal mixture comprising flurochloridone and indaziflam, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof.

Also, the present disclosure provides a synergistic herbicidal mixture comprising flurochloridone and isoxaflutole, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof.

Also, the present disclosure provides a synergistic herbicidal mixture comprising flurochloridone and tembotrione, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof.

Also, the present disclosure provides a synergistic herbicidal mixture comprising flurochloridone and arnica rbazone, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof.

Also, the present disclosure provides a synergistic herbicidal mixture comprising flurochloridone and bentazone, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof.

Also, the present disclosure provides a synergistic herbicidal mixture comprising flurochloridone and linuron, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof.

Thus, for example the mixture comprises: i) flurochloridone, salts or solvates thereof; and ii) a second herbicide selected from the group consisting of: a. a hydroxyphenyl pyruvate dioxygenase inhibitor selected from the group consisting of fenquinotrione, isoxaflutole, lancotrione, mesotrione, sulcotrione, tefuryltrione, tembotrione, and tolpyralate; b. a protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor selected from the group consisting of saflufenacil, tiafenacil, and trifludimoxazin; c. an inhibitor of photosynthesis at PS II, selected from the group consisting of ametryne, amicarbazone, bentazone, bromacil, bromoxynil, chlorotoluron, cyanazine, desmedipham, diuron, fluometuron, hexazinone, ioxynil, isoproturon, lenacil, linuron, metamitron, phenmedipham, prometryn, propanil, pyridate, terbacil, and terbutryn; d. a cellulose synthesis inhibitor, selected from the group consisting of chlorthiamid, dichlobenil, flupoxam, indaziflam, and isoxaben; and e. a dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitor from the aryl pyrrolidinone anilide family; or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof.

Thus, for example the mixture comprises: i) flurochloridone, salts or solvates thereof; and ii) a second herbicide selected from the group consisting of fenquinotrione, isoxaflutole, lancotrione, mesotrione, sulcotrione, tefuryltrione, tembotrione, tetflupyrolimet, tolpyralate, saflufenacil, tiafenacil, trifludimoxazin, ametryne, amicarbazone, bentazone, bromacil, bromoxynil, chlorotoluron, cyanazine, desmedipham, diuron, fluometuron, hexazinone, ioxynil, isoproturon, lenacil, linuron, metamitron, phenmedipham, prometryn, propanil, pyridate, terbacil, terbutryn, chlorthiamid, dichlobenil, flupoxam, indaziflam, and isoxaben, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof.

The mixtures, formulations and tank mixtures of the present disclosure may comprise a third active ingredient, such as, a third herbicide, a fungicide or an insecticide. Alternatively, in the mixture the active ingredient may consist of i) flurochloridone, salts or solvates thereof; and ii) a second herbicide selected from the group consisting of a. a hydroxyphenyl pyruvate dioxygenase inhibitor selected from the group consisting of the family of the triketones, isoxaflutole, and the family of pyrazoles; b. a protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor; c. an inhibitor of photosynthesis at PS II selected from the group consisting of the family of triazines, amicarbazone, bentazone, pyridate, the family of uracils, the family of ureas, the family of phenylcarbamates, the family of triazinones, and the family of the amides; d. a cellulose synthesis inhibitor selected from the group consisting of the family of nitriles, flupoxam, isoxaben, and the family of alkylazines; and e. a dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitor from the aryl pyrrolidinone anilide family; or salts, or solvates or mixtures thereof.

For example, the present disclosure provides a synergistic herbicidal formulation or tank mix comprising flurochloridone and chlorotoluron, and at least one agriculturally acceptable additive.

For example, the present disclosure provides a synergistic herbicidal formulation or tank mix comprising flurochloridone and mesotrione, and at least one agriculturally acceptable additive.

For example, the present disclosure provides a synergistic herbicidal formulation or tank mix comprising flurochloridone and isoxaben, and at least one agriculturally acceptable additive.

For example, the present disclosure provides a synergistic herbicidal formulation or tank mix comprising flurochloridone and saflufenacil and at least one agriculturally acceptable additive.

For example, the present disclosure provides a synergistic herbicidal formulation or tank mix comprising flurochloridone and indaziflam and at least one agriculturally acceptable additive.

For example, the present disclosure provides a synergistic herbicidal formulation or tank mix comprising flurochloridone and isoxaflutole and at least one agriculturally acceptable additive.

For example, the present disclosure provides a synergistic herbicidal formulation or tank mix comprising flurochloridone and tembotrione and at least one agriculturally acceptable additive.

For example, the present disclosure provides a synergistic herbicidal formulation or tank mix comprising flurochloridone and amicarbazone and at least one agriculturally acceptable additive.

For example, the present disclosure provides a synergistic herbicidal formulation or tank mix comprising flurochloridone and bentazone and at least one agriculturally acceptable additive.

For example, the present disclosure provides a synergistic herbicidal formulation or tank mix comprising flurochloridone and linuron and at least one agriculturally acceptable additive. The weight ratio between flurochloridone, salts or solvates thereof and the second herbicide varies depending upon various conditions such as the type of the formulation, weather conditions, the type of crop and the type of pests. In one embodiment, the weight ratio flurochloridone, salts or solvates thereof:the second herbicide is from about 60:1 to 1:60, for example, from about 50:1 to 1:50. Typical proportions of flurochloridone, salts or solvates thereof:the second herbicide are from about 60:1 to 1:25. The weight ratio flurochloridone, salts or solvates thereof:the second herbicide may be anywhere in-between the above indicated ratios.

Therefore, the present disclosure provides a synergistic herbicidal mixture or formulation or tank mix comprising flurochloridone and chlorotoluron, wherein the weight ratio flurochloridone:chlorotoluron is from 1:100 to 3:1, for example from 1:20 to 1:1, for example from 1:15 to 1:2 or from 1:12 to 1:3 or from 1:3 to 1:10.

Therefore, the present disclosure provides a synergistic herbicidal mixture or formulation or tank mix comprising flurochloridone and mesotrione, wherein the weight ratio flurochloridone:mesotrione is from 30:1 to 1:25, for example from 20:1 to 1:10, for example from 1:15 to 1:1 or from 1:8 to 2:1 or from 1:5 to 2:1.

Therefore, the present disclosure provides a synergistic herbicidal mixture or formulation or tank mix comprising flurochloridone and saflufenacil, wherein the weight ratio flurochloridone:saflufenacil is from 60:1 to 1:10, for example from 20:1 to 1:4, for example from 12:1 to 1:2 or from 8:1 to 1:1 or from 4:1 to 1:1.

Therefore, the present disclosure provides a synergistic herbicidal mixture or formulation or tank mix comprising flurochloridone and isoxaben, wherein the weight ratio flurochloridone:isoxaben is from 30:1 to 1:25, for example from 20:1 to 1:10, for example from 1:15 to 1:1 or from 1:8 to 2:1 or from 1:5 to 2:1.

Therefore, the present disclosure provides a synergistic herbicidal mixture or formulation or tank mix comprising flurochloridone and indaziflam, wherein the weight ratio flurochloridone:indaziflam is from 200:1 to 1:10, for example from 150:1 to 1:10, for example from 140 to 10:1 or from 130:1 to 15:1 or from 120:1 to 20:1.

Therefore, the present disclosure provides a synergistic herbicidal mixture or formulation or tank mix comprising flurochloridone and isoxaflutole, wherein the weight ratio flurochloridone:isoxaflutole is from 50:1 to 1:50, for example from 20:1 to 1:20, for example from 15:1 to 1:15 or from 12:1 to 1:10 or from 10:1 to 1:12. Therefore, the present disclosure provides a synergistic herbicidal mixture or formulation or tank mix comprising flurochloridone and tembotrione, wherein the weight ratio flurochloridone:tembotrione is from 50:1 to 1:50, for example from 20:1 to 1:20, for example from 15:1 to 1:15 or from 12:1 to 1:10 or from 10:1 to 1:12.

Therefore, the present disclosure provides a synergistic herbicidal mixture or formulation or tank mix comprising flurochloridone and amicarbazone, wherein the weight ratio flurochloridone:amicarbazone is from 50:1 to 1:50, for example from 20:1 to 1:20, for example from 12:1 to 1:12 or from 10:1 to 1:10 or from 8:1 to 1:6 or from 5:1 to 1:5.

Therefore, the present disclosure provides a synergistic herbicidal mixture or formulation or tank mix comprising flurochloridone and bentazone, wherein the weight ratio flurochloridone:bentazone is from 50:1 to 1:50, for example from 20:1 to 1:20, for example from 12:1 to 1:12 or from 10:1 to 1:10 or from 8:1 to 1:6 or from 5:1 to 1:5.

Therefore, the present disclosure provides a synergistic herbicidal mixture or formulation or tank mix comprising flurochloridone and linuron, wherein the weight ratio flurochloridone:linuron is from 50:1 to 1:50, for example from 20:1 to 1:20, for example from 12:1 to 1:12 or from 10:1 to 1:10 or from 8:1 to 1:6 or from 5:1 to 1:5.

Commonly available safeners which may be usefully employed, individually or in any combination, with the mixtures and formulations of the present disclosure may include, but are in no way limited to Daimuron (Dymron), Cumyluron , Dimepiperate, Fenclorim, Cloquintocet, (Cloquintocet-mexyl), Fenchlorazole-ethyl, Mefenpyr (Mefenpyr-diethyl), Isoxadifen (Isoxadifenethyl), Cyprosulfamide, Dietholate, Benoxacor, BPCMS, Cyometrinil, Dichlormid, Dicyclonon, Dietholate, fenchlorazole, Flurazole, Fluxofenim, Furilazole, Jiecaowan, Jiecaoxi, Mephenate, Metcamifen, Naphthalic anhydride, or Oxabetrinil. Those skilled in the relevant field of art will immediately be aware of further safeners that may be employed without departing from the scope of the mixture of the disclosed herein. Combinations of safeners can be employed in the methods and mixtures disclosed herein.

Application

The present disclosure provides a method for controlling weeds comprising contacting the weeds or their locus with an agriculturally effective amount flurochloridone and the second herbicide. Therefore, the present disclosure provides a method for controlling weeds comprising contacting the weeds or their locus with an agriculturally effective amount of a mixture or formulation or tank mix comprising flurochloridone and chlorotoluron. Flurochloridone and chlorotoluron can be added jointly as a mixture, formulation or tank mix as described in the present disclosure, simultaneously as separate products or in succession at different points in time.

Therefore, the present disclosure provides a method for controlling weeds comprising contacting the weeds or their locus with an agriculturally effective amount of a mixture or formulation or tank mix comprising flurochloridone and mesotrione. Flurochloridone and mesotrione can be added jointly as a mixture, formulation or tank mix as described in the present disclosure, simultaneously as separate products or in succession at different points in time.

Therefore, the present disclosure provides a method for controlling weeds comprising contacting the weeds or their locus with an agriculturally effective amount of a mixture or formulation or tank mix comprising flurochloridone and saflufenacil. Flurochloridone and saflufenacil can be added jointly as a mixture, formulation or tank mix as described in the present disclosure, simultaneously as separate products or in succession at different points in time.

Therefore, the present disclosure provides a method for controlling weeds comprising contacting the weeds or their locus with an agriculturally effective amount of a mixture or formulation or tank mix comprising flurochloridone and isoxaben. Flurochloridone and isoxaben can be added jointly as a mixture, formulation or tank mix as described in the present disclosure, simultaneously as separate products or in succession at different points in time.

Therefore, the present disclosure provides a method for controlling weeds comprising contacting the weeds or their locus with an agriculturally effective amount of a mixture or formulation or tank mix comprising flurochloridone and indaziflam. Flurochloridone and indaziflam can be added jointly as a mixture, formulation or tank mix as described in the present disclosure, simultaneously as separate products or in succession at different points in time.

Therefore, the present disclosure provides a method for controlling weeds comprising contacting the weeds or their locus with an agriculturally effective amount of a mixture or formulation or tank mix comprising flurochloridone and isoxaflutole. Flurochloridone and isoxaflutole can be added jointly as a mixture, formulation or tank mix as described in the present disclosure, simultaneously as separate products or in succession at different points in time. Therefore, the present disclosure provides a method for controlling weeds comprising contacting the weeds or their locus with an agriculturally effective amount of a mixture or formulation or tank mix comprising flurochloridone and tembotrione. Flurochloridone and tembotrione can be added jointly as a mixture, formulation or tank mix as described in the present disclosure, simultaneously as separate products or in succession at different points in time.

Therefore, the present disclosure provides a method for controlling weeds comprising contacting the weeds or their locus with an agriculturally effective amount of a mixture or formulation or tank mix comprising flurochloridone and amicarbazone. Flurochloridone and amicarbazone can be added jointly as a mixture, formulation or tank mix as described in the present disclosure, simultaneously as separate products or in succession at different points in time.

Therefore, the present disclosure provides a method for controlling weeds comprising contacting the weeds or their locus with an agriculturally effective amount of a mixture or formulation or tank mix comprising flurochloridone and bentazone. Flurochloridone and bentazone can be added jointly as a mixture, formulation or tank mix as described in the present disclosure, simultaneously as separate products or in succession at different points in time.

Therefore, the present disclosure provides a method for controlling weeds comprising contacting the weeds or their locus with an agriculturally effective amount of a mixture or formulation or tank mix comprising flurochloridone and linuron. Flurochloridone and linuron can be added jointly as a mixture, formulation or tank mix as described in the present disclosure, simultaneously as separate products or in succession at different points in time.

Further, the present disclosure provides a method of controlling undesired vegetation comprising applying to a locus of the undesired vegetation a he rbicida I ly effective amount of a synergistic mixture or formulation or tank mix as disclosed herein.

The mixture, formulation or tank mix of the present disclosure may be applied pre-sowing or post-sowing, pre-emergence, or early-post-emergence of the crop. The mixture may be applied via in furrow spray, foliar application, broadcast, basal application, soil application, soil incorporation or soil injection.

For example, the mixture can be applied in non-crop areas which include but are not limited to, commercial areas, residential areas, lawns, ornamental plants, shrubs, trees, parks, livestock areas, warehouses, food storage facilities, grain bins, turfgrass, pastures, grasslands, rangelands, fallow land, rights-of-way, golf courses, parks, along roadsides, power-lines, pipelines, railways, forests, well sites, and equipment yards.

The mixture of the present disclosure can be added to a broad range of crops, for example one or more of cereals, wheat, winter wheat, spring wheat, barley, winter barley, spring barley, triticale, cereal rye, fodder cereals, carrots, maize, cotton, bananas, fallow land, chickpeas, field peas, lentils, lupins, peanuts, potatoes, soybeans, sugarcane, sunflower, non-crop areas, tree crops, vines, turfgrass and grassland.

The plants include cultivated plants which tolerate the action of herbicides (herbicide- tolerant plants), fungicides or insecticides as a result of breeding and/or genetically engineered methods.

The weeds that can be treated with the mixture of the present disclosure are, for example, one or more of Raphanus raphanistrum, Medicago truncatula, Vicia sativa, Lens culinaris, Trifolium subterraneum, Echinochloa crus-galli, Conyza bonariensis, Sonchus oleraceus, and Amaranthus spp.

The ratio of application of the mixture of the present disclosure varies depending upon various conditions such as the type of formulation, weather conditions, the type of crop, the desired effect, and the type of weeds. For example, the application rates of the mixture comprising flurochloridone, salts or solvates thereof and the second herbicide are from 1 g/ha to 1000 g/ha, for example from 500 g/ha to 1000 g/ha or from 1 g/ha to 500 g/ha.

For example, the rate of flurochloridone, salts or solvates thereof is from 1 g/ha to 800 g/ha, preferably from 12.5 g/ha to 500 g/ha, preferably from 30 g/ha to 400 g/ha, preferably from 50 g/ha to 300 g/ha, preferably from 60 g/ha to 200 g/ha, preferably from 70 g/ha to 175 g/ha, preferably from 80 g/ha to 150 g/ha.

The rate of application of mesotrione can be from 1 g/ha to 700 g/ha, preferably from 20 g/ha to 400 g/ha, preferably from 30 g/ha to 300 g/ha, preferably from 32 g/ha to 200 g/ha, preferably from 35 g/ha to 150 g/ha, preferably from 40 g/ha to 100 g/ha.

The rate of application of chlorotoluron can be from 1 g/ha to 2000 g/ha, preferably from 200 g/ha to 1800 g/ha, preferably from 300 g/ha to 1500 g/ha, preferably from 400 g/ha to 1200 g/ha, preferably from 500 g/ha to 1000 g/ha. The rate of application of saflufenacil can be from 1 g/ha to 700 g/ha, preferably from 20 g/ha to 400 g/ha, preferably from 30 g/ha to 300 g/ha, preferably from 32 g/ha to 200 g/ha, preferably from 40 g/ha to 150 g/ha, preferably from 45 g/ha to 100 g/ha.

The rate of application of isoxaben can be from 1 g/ha to 700 g/ha, preferably from 20 g/ha to 400 g/ha, preferably from 30 g/ha to 300 g/ha, preferably from 32 g/ha to 200 g/ha, preferably from 40 g/ha to 150 g/ha, preferably from 50 g/ha to 100 g/ha.

The rate of application of indaziflam can be from 0.5 g/ha to 200 g/ha, preferably from 1 g/ha to 75 g/ha, preferably from 2 g/ha to 30 g/ha, preferably from 2 g/ha to 20 g/ha, preferably from 2 g/ha to 15 g/ha, preferably from 2 g/ha to 10 g/ha.

The rate of application of isoxaflutole can be from 1 g/ha to 200 g/ha, preferably from 2 g/ha to 150 g/ha, preferably from 4 g/ha to 120 g/ha, preferably from 5 g/ha to 100 g/ha, preferably from 8 g/ha to 60 g/ha, preferably from 10 g/ha to 30 g/ha.

The rate of application of tembotrione can be from 1 g/ha to 200 g/ha, preferably from 2 g/ha to 150 g/ha, preferably from 4 g/ha to 120 g/ha, preferably from 5 g/ha to 100 g/ha, preferably from 8 g/ha to 60 g/ha, preferably from 10 g/ha to 30 g/ha.

The rate of application of amicarbazone can be from 1 g/ha to 1500 g/ha, preferably from 5 g/ha to 700 g/ha, preferably from 8 g/ha to 250 g/ha, preferably from 12 g/ha to 200 g/ha, preferably from 15 g/ha to 180 g/ha, preferably from 20 g/ha to 180 g/ha.

The rate of application of bentazone can be from 1 g/ha to 2000 g/ha, preferably from 2 g/ha to 150 g/ha, preferably from 4 g/ha to 120 g/ha, preferably from 5 g/ha to 100 g/ha, preferably from 8 g/ha to 60 g/ha, preferably from 10 g/ha to 30 g/ha.

The rate of application of linuron can be from 1 g/ha to 2000 g/ha, preferably from 2 g/ha to 150 g/ha, preferably from 4 g/ha to 120 g/ha, preferably from 5 g/ha to 100 g/ha, preferably from 8 g/ha to 60 g/ha, preferably from 10 g/ha to 30 g/ha.

The flurochloridone, salts or solvates thereof and the second herbicide can be applied simultaneously, that is jointly or separately, or in succession, in any order. For example, flurochloridone, salts or solvates thereof and the second herbicide are added jointly or in succession. In one example, flurochloridone, salts or solvates thereof and the second herbicide are prepared separately, and the individual formulations are applied as is, or diluted to predetermined concentrations. Alternatively, flurochloridone, salts or solvates thereof and the second herbicide are prepared separately, and the formulations are mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, flurochloridone, salts or solvates thereof and the second herbicide are formulated together, and the formulation is applied as it is, or the formulation is diluted to a predetermined concentration.

For example, the method according to the present disclosure may comprise

- applying the second herbicide selected from the group consisting of mesotrione, saflufenacil, chlorotoluron, isoxaben and mixtures thereof to a locus intended forgrowing a crop; then

- sowing the crop; and then

- applying flurochloridone after sowing into the same ground area either prior to or after crop emergence.

Alternatively, the method may comprise adding before sowing to a locus intended for growing a crop, flurochloridone and the second herbicide, for example, a second herbicide selected from the group consisting of mesotrione, saflufenacil, chlorotoluron, isoxaben indaziflam, isoxaflutole, tembotrione, amicarbazone, bentazone and linuron, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof. The flurochloridone and the second herbicide may be added separately or as a mixture, formulation or tank mix.

Alternatively, the method may comprise adding after the emergence of the weed, flurochloridone and the second herbicide, for example, a second herbicide selected from the group consisting of mesotrione, saflufenacil, chlorotoluron, isoxaben indaziflam, isoxaflutole, tembotrione, amicarbazone, bentazone and linuron, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof. The flurochloridone and the second herbicide may be added separately or as a mixture, formulation or tank mix.

For example, the method may comprise

- applying flurochloridone to a locus intended for growing a crop; then

- sowing the crop; and then

- applying the second herbicide, for example, a second herbicide selected from the group consisting of mesotrione, saflufenacil, chlorotoluron, isoxaben indaziflam, isoxaflutole, tembotrione, amicarbazone, bentazone and linuron, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof, after sowing into the same ground area either prior to or after crop emergence.

For example, the method may comprise adding before sowing to a locus intended for growing a crop flurochloridone and one or more of mesotrione, saflufenacil, chlorotoluron, isoxaben indaziflam, isoxaflutole, tembotrione, amicarbazone, bentazone or linuron, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof. For example, the method may comprise

- applying mesotrione to a locus intended for growing a crop; then

- sowing the crop; and then

- applying flurochloridone after sowing into the same ground area prior to crop emergence.

For example, the method may comprise adding to a locus intended for growing a crop flurochloridone and isoxaben after sowing, but before the emergence of the crop, for example, as a mixture, formulation or tank mix.

Therefore, the present disclosure provides a method for controlling weeds, preferably, Raphanus raphanistrum, Medicago truncatula, Vicia sativa, Lens culinaris, Trifolium subterraneum, Echinochloa crus-galli, Conyza bonariensis, Sonchus oleraceus, and Amaranthus spp., more preferably Raphanus raphanistrum, comprising contacting the weeds or their locus with a mixture or formulation or tank mix comprising

(i) flurochloridone, salts or solvates thereof, wherein the rate of application of flurochloridone is from 50 g/ha to 500 g/ha, preferably from 60 g/ha to 300 g/ha; and

(ii) chlorotoluron, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof, wherein the rate of application of chlorotoluron can be from 1 g/ha to 2000 g/ha, preferably from 200 g/ha to 1800 g/ha; and wherein the weight ratio flurochloridone:chlorotoluron is from 1:100 to 3:1, for example from 1:3 to 1:10.

Flurochloridone and chlorotoluron can be added jointly as a mixture, formulation or tank mix as described in the present disclosure, simultaneously as separate products or in succession at different points in time.

Therefore, the present disclosure provides a method for controlling weeds, preferably, Raphanus raphanistrum, Medicago truncatula, Vicia sativa, Lens culinaris, Trifolium subterraneum, Echinochloa crus-galli, Conyza bonariensis, Sonchus oleraceus, and Amaranthus spp., more preferably Lens culinaris or Vicia sativa or Raphanus raphanistrum, comprising contacting the weeds or their locus with a mixture or formulation or tank mix comprising

(i) flurochloridone, salts or solvates thereof, wherein the rate of application of flurochloridone is from 5 g/ha to 500 g/ha, preferably from 60 g/ha to 300 g/ha; and

(ii) mesotrione, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof, wherein the rate of application of mesotrione can be from 1 g/ha to 700 g/ha, preferably from 10 g/ha to 200 g/ha; and wherein the weight ratio flurochloridone:mesotrione is from 30:1 to 1:25, for example from 1:8 to 2:1 or from 1:5 to 2:1.

Flurochloridone and mesotrione can be added jointly as a mixture, formulation or tank mix as described in the present disclosure, simultaneously as separate products or in succession at different points in time.

(ii) saflufenacil, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof, wherein the rate of application of saflufenacil can be from 1 g/ha to 700 g/ha, preferably from 30 g/ha to 300 g/ha; and wherein the weight ratio flurochloridone:saflufenacil is from 60:1 to 1:10, for example from 20:1 to 1:4.

Flurochloridone and saflufenacil can be added jointly as a mixture, formulation or tank mix as described in the present disclosure, simultaneously as separate products or in succession at different points in time.

(ii) isoxaben, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof, wherein the rate of application of isoxaben can be from 1 g/ha to 700 g/ha, preferably from 32 g/ha to 400 g/ha; and wherein the weight ratio flurochloridone:isoxaben is from 30:1 to 1:25, for example from

1:8 to 2:1. Flurochloridone and isoxaben can be added jointly as a mixture, formulation or tank mix as described in the present disclosure, simultaneously as separate products or in succession at different points in time.

Therefore, the present disclosure provides a method for controlling weeds, preferably, Raphanus raphanistrum, Medicago truncatula, Vicia sativa, Lens culinaris, Trifolium subterraneum, Echinochloa crus-galli, Conyza bonariensis, Sonchus oleraceus, and Amaranthus spp., more preferably Echinochloa crus-galli or Conyza bonariensis, comprising contacting the weeds or their locus with a mixture or formulation or tank mix comprising

(ii) indaziflam, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof, wherein the rate of application of indaziflam can be from 0.5 g/ha to 200 g/ha, preferably from 1 g/ha to 20 g/ha; and wherein the weight ratio flurochloridone:indaziflam is from 200:1 to 1:10, for example from 130:1 to 15:1.

Flurochloridone and indaziflam can be added jointly as a mixture, formulation or tank mix as described in the present disclosure, simultaneously as separate products or in succession at different points in time.

Therefore, the present disclosure provides a method for controlling weeds, preferably, Raphanus raphanistrum, Medicago truncatula, Vicia sativa, Lens culinaris, Trifolium subterraneum, Echinochloa crus-galli, Conyza bonariensis, Sonchus oleraceus, and Amaranthus spp., more preferably Echinochloa crus-galli or Amaranthus spp., comprising contacting the weeds or their locus with a mixture or formulation or tank mix comprising

(ii) isoxaflutole, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof, wherein the rate of application of isoxaflutole can be from 1 g/ha to 400 g/ha, preferably from 5 g/ha to 200 g/ha; and wherein the weight ratio flurochloridone:isoxaflutole is from 50:1 to 1:50, for example from 15:1 to 1:15.

Flurochloridone and isoxaflutole can be added jointly as a mixture, formulation or tank mix as described in the present disclosure, simultaneously as separate products or in succession at different points in time. Therefore, the present disclosure provides a method for controlling weeds, preferably, Raphanus raphanistrum, Medicago truncatula, Vicia sativa, Lens culinaris, Trifolium subterraneum, Echinochloa crus-galli, Conyza bonariensis, Sonchus oleraceus, and Amaranthus spp., more preferably Echinochloa crus-galli or Amaranthus spp., comprising contacting the weeds or their locus with a mixture or formulation or tank mix comprising

(ii) tembotrione, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof, wherein the rate of application of tembotrione can be from 1 g/ha to 400 g/ha, preferably from 5 g/ha to 200 g/ha; and wherein the weight ratio flurochloridone: tembotrione is from 50:1 to 1:50, for example from 15:1 to 1:15.

Flurochloridone and tembotrione can be added jointly as a mixture, formulation or tank mix as described in the present disclosure, simultaneously as separate products or in succession at different points in time.

Therefore, the present disclosure provides a method for controlling weeds, preferably, Raphanus raphanistrum, Medicago truncatula, Vicia sativa, Lens culinaris, Trifolium subterraneum, Echinochloa crus-galli, Conyza bonariensis, Sonchus oleraceus, and Amaranthus spp., more preferably Echinochloa crus-galli or Raphanus raphanistrum or Sonchus oleraceus, comprising contacting the weeds or their locus with a mixture or formulation or tank mix comprising

(ii) arnica rbazone, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof, wherein the rate of application of amicarbazone can be from 1 g/ha to 400 g/ha, preferably from 12 g/ha to 300 g/ha; and wherein the weight ratio flurochloridone:amicarbazone is from 50:1 to 1:50, for example from 12:1 to 1:12.

Flurochloridone and amicarbazone can be added jointly as a mixture, formulation or tank mix as described in the present disclosure, simultaneously as separate products or in succession at different points in time.

(ii) bentazone, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof, wherein the rate of application of bentazone can be from 1 g/ha to 400 g/ha, preferably from 12 g/ha to 300 g/ha; and wherein the weight ratio flurochloridone: bentazone is from 50:1 to 1:50, for example from 12:1 to 1:12.

Flurochloridone and bentazone can be added jointly as a mixture, formulation or tank mix as described in the present disclosure, simultaneously as separate products or in succession at different points in time.

(ii) linuron, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof, wherein the rate of application of linuron can be from 1 g/ha to 400 g/ha, preferably from 12 g/ha to 300 g/ha; and wherein the weight ratio flurochloridone: linuron is from 50:1 to 1:50, for example from

12:1 to 1:12.

Flurochloridone and linuron can be added jointly as a mixture, formulation or tank mix as described in the present disclosure, simultaneously as separate products or in succession at different points in time.

Formulations

Thus, for example, flurochloridone, salts or solvates thereof and the second herbicide can be applied as a single "ready-for-use" form, or in a combined spray mixture composed from separate formulations of each single active ingredient, such as a "tank-mix" form. It is preferred that the mixture of flurochloridone, salts or solvates thereof and the second herbicide is in the form of a ready-for-use formulation (ready mix formulation). This ready mix formulation can be obtained by combining the active ingredients in an effective amount with an agriculturally acceptable additive, such as a carrier, a surfactant or other application-promoting adjuvant customarily employed in formulation technology.

The mixture of the present disclosure may comprise at least one additional component selected from the group of surfactants, solid diluents and liquid diluents. Such compositions can be formulated using agriculturally acceptable carriers, surfactants or other applicationpromoting adjuvants customarily employed in formulation technology and formulation techniques that are known in the art.

Examples of suitable solid carriers potentially useful in the present compositions include but are not limited to mineral earths such as silica gels, silicates, talc, kaolin, sericite, attaclay, limestone, bentonite, lime, chalk, bole, mirabilite, loess, clay, dolomite, zeolite, diatomaceous earth, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, sodium carbonate and bicarbonate, and sodium sulfate; ground synthetic materials; fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ureas, and products of vegetable origin, such as cereal meal, tree bark meal, wood meal, and nutshell meal; cellulose powders; and other solid carriers.

Examples of suitable liquid carriers potentially useful in the present compositions include but are not limited to water; aromatic hydrocarbons such as alkylbenzenes and alkylnaphthalenes; alcohols such as cyclohexanol, and decanol; ethylene glycol; polypropylene glycol; dipropropylene glycol; N,N-dimethylformamide; dimethylsulfoxide; dimethylacetamide; N-alkylpyrrolidones such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone; paraffins; various oils such as olive, castor, linseed, tung, sesame, corn, peanut, cotton-seed, soybean, rape-seed, or coconut oil; fatty acid esters; ketones such as cyclohexanone, 2-heptanone, isophorone, and 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2- pentanone; and the like.

The present composition may be employed or prepared in any conventional form, for example, as wettable powders (WP), soluble concentrate, oil in water emulsions, emulsion concentrates (EC), microemulsion concentrates (MEC), water-soluble powders (SP), water- soluble concentrates (SL), suspoemulsion (SE), oil dispersions (OD), concentrated emulsions such as oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions, sprayable solutions or emulsions, capsule suspensions (CS), suspension concentrates (SC), suspension concentrates, dusts (DP), oil-miscible solutions (OL), seed-dressing products, granules (GR) in the form of microgranules, spray granules, coated granules and absorption granules, granules for soil application or broadcasting, water-soluble granules (SG), emulsifiable granules, water-dispersible granules (WDG), ULV formulations, microcapsules or waxes. These individual formulation types are known in the art.

Examples of suitable surfactants include, but are not limited to, non-ionic, anionic, cationic and ampholytic types such as alkoxylated fatty alcohols, ethoxylated polysorbate (e.g. tween 20), ethoxylated castor oil, lignin sulfonates, fatty acid sulfonates (e.g. lauryl sulfonate), phosphate esters such as phosphate esters of alcohol alkoxylates, phosphate esters of alkylphenol alkoxylates and phosphate esters of styrylphenol ethoxylates, condensates of sulfonated naphthalene and naphthalene derivatives with formaldehyde, condensates of naphthalene or of naphthalenesulfonic acid with phenol and formaldehyde, alkylarylsulfonates, ethoxylated alkylphenols and aryl phenols, polyalkylene glycols, sorbitol esters, alkali metal, sodium salts of lignosulphonates, tristyrylphenol ethoxylate phosphate esters, aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates, alkylphenol ethoxylates, ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymers, graft copolymers and polyvinyl alcohol-vinyl acetate copolymers. Other surfactants known in the art may be used as desired.

Other ingredients, such as wetting agents, anti-foaming, adhesives, neutralizers, thickeners, binders, sequestrates, fertilizers, biocides, stabilizers, buffers or anti-freeze agents, may also be added to the present compositions in order to increase the stability, density, and viscosity of the described compositions.

Aqueous use forms can be prepared from emulsion concentrates, suspensions, pastes, wettable powders or water-dispersible granules by adding water. To prepare emulsions, pastes or oil dispersions, the components of the compositions either as such or dissolved in an oil or solvent, can be homogenized in water by means of a wetting agent, tackifier, dispersant or emulsifier. Alternatively, it is also possible to prepare concentrates comprising active ingredient, wetting agent, tackifier, dispersant or emulsifier and, if desired, a solvent or oil, which are suitable for dilution with water.

Typically, the concentration of active ingredients in the formulation is about 0.1-99 wt. %, about 0.1-95 wt. %, or about 0.1-90 wt. %, based on the total weight of the formulation. For example, the concentration of active ingredients in the formulation is about 1-70 wt. %, based on the total weight of the formulation, for example about 1-50 wt. %, or about 1-40 wt. %, or about 1-30 wt. % or about 1-20 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition. For example, it is possible that the concentration of active ingredients in the formulation is about 1-10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the formulation. Thus, for example, the concentration of active ingredients in the formulation can be from about 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5% to about 90%, 93%, 95%, 98%, 99% based on the total weight of the formulation. The remaining components in the formulation are for example the carrier and additives.

Alternatively, the present disclosure provides a kit comprising flurochloridone, salts or solvates thereof and the second herbicide. Such kits may comprise, in addition to the aforementioned active components, one or more additional active ingredients, either within the provided pesticidal composition or separately.

The present disclosure provides a method for enhancing plant development, for example, the yield of grain or biomass, comprising applying an effective amount of the any one of the mixtures or the formulations or the tank mixtures disclosed herein to one or more plants, the locus thereof or propagation material thereof so as to thereby enhance plant development.

The following representative examples illustrate the practice of the present disclosure in some of its embodiments but should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and examples.

REPRESENTATIVE EXAMPLES

A synergistic effect exists whenever the action of an active ingredient combination is greater than the sum of the actions of the individual components.

In the present disclosure, it is often understood that the term "synergy" is as defined by Colby S. R. in an article entitled "Calculation of the synergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicide combinations" published in the journal Weeds, 1967, 15, p. 20-22.

The action expected for a given combination of two active components can be calculated as follows:

E = X + Y - XY/100 in which E represents the expected effect, e.g. percentage of pest control, for the combination of the active ingredients at defined doses (for example equal to x and y respectively), X is the effect, e.g. percentage of pest control, observed for one of the compounds at a defined dose (equal to x), Y is the effect, e.g. percentage of pest control, observed for the second compound at a defined dose (equal to y). Here, efficacy or percent inhibition is determined in %. 0% means efficacy that corresponds to the Control, i.e., as if no treatment had been applied. Whereas a percent inhibition of 100% means that complete control is observed. When the percent control observed for the combination is greater than E, there is a synergistic effect. For the examples that follow the following products were used:

Example 1

In this example, a field trial was conducted in a crop of wheat cv. Scepter. Flurochloridone, Bromoxynil and Ioxynil were applied post crop-emergence targeting emerged wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) at the six-leaf stage. The herbicides, alone or in a mixture as set out in Table 1, were applied by spraying in a volume of 100 L/ha at the application rate indicated.

An assessment of control of wild radish plants was conducted 27 and 44 days after application.

Example 2

In this example, a field trial was conducted in a crop of wheat cv. Scepter. Herbicide treatments included Flurochloridone and Mesotrione applied alone, in a mixture or in a sequence as set out in Tables 2 and 3. Target weeds included volunteer lentils (Vicia sativa) and volunteer lupins (Lens culinaris). All herbicides were applied by spraying in a volume of 100 L/ha at the application rate indicated.

* Assessments were percent reduction in lentil density 34 DAS and visual percent control at 41 DAS

DAS = days after sowing

IBS = incorporated by sowing

PSPE = post-sow pre-emergent

* Assessments were percent reduction in lentil density 34 DAS and visual percent control at 41 and 69 DAS

DAS = days after sowing

IBS = incorporated by sowing PSPE = post-sow pre-emergent

An assessment of control of the reduction in density of volunteer lentil and lupin plants was conducted 34 after sowing. An assessment of visual percent control of volunteer lentils and lupins was undertaken 41 and 69 days after sowing.

The results established that: - Flurochloridone and Mesotrione applied in a mixture IBS was synergistic for controlling volunteer lentils,

Mesotrione applied IBS in a sequence with Flurochloridone applied PSPE was synergistic on volunteer lentils and volunteer vetch.

Example 3 In this example, a field trial was conducted in a crop of wheat cv. Scepter. Herbicide treatments included Flurochloridone and Mesotrione applied in a mixture as set out in Table 4. Target weeds included volunteer lentils (Vicia sativa). All herbicides were applied by spraying in a volume of 100 L/ha at the application rate indicated.

DAS = days after sowing

IBS = incorporated by sowing

PSPE = post-sow pre-emergent

An assessment of control volunteer lentils was conducted 41 days after sowing. The results established that:

Flurochloridone and mesotrione applied in a mixture IBS was synergistic for controlling volunteer lentils,

Mesotrione applied IBS in a sequence with Flurochloridone applied PSPE was synergistic on volunteer lentils. Example 4

In this example, a field trial was conducted in a crop of wheat. Herbicide treatments included Flurochloridone and Mesotrione applied alone, or in a sequence as set out in as set out in Table 5. Target weeds included wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum). All herbicides were applied by spraying in a volume of 100 L/ha at the application rate indicated. An assessment of control of wild radish was conducted 61 after sowing.

DAS = days after sowing

IBS = incorporated by sowing

PSPE = post-sow pre-emergent

The results established that: - Mesotrione applied IBS in combination with Flurochloridone applied PSPE was synergistic for controlling wild radish.

Example 5

In this example, a field trial was conducted in a crop of wheat cv. Scepter. Herbicide treatments included Flurochloridone and Mesotrione or Chlorotoluron applied in a mixture as set out in Table 6. The target weed was wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum). All herbicides were applied by spraying in a volume of 100 L/ha at the application rate indicated.

Wild radish control was assessed by measuring the reduction in total density of wild radish plants at 57 days after sowing and the density of radish plants reaching flowering at 76 days after sowing.

* Assessments were percent reduction in total wild radish density at 57 DAS and density of radish plants reaching flowering at 76 DAS. DAS = days after sowing

IBS = incorporated by sowing

The results established that:

Flurochloridine and Chlorotoluron applied as a mixture IBS was synergistic for controlling wild radish reaching the reproductive stage,

Flurochloridone and Mesotrione applied as a mixture IBS was synergistic for controlling wild radish.

Example 6

In this example, a field trial was conducted in a crop of wheat cv. Scepter. Herbicide treatments included Flurochloridone and Saflufenacil applied in a mixture as set out in Table 7. The target weed was wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum). All herbicides were applied by spraying in a volume of 100 L/ha at the application rate indicated.

Wild radish control was assessed at 29 and 76 days after sowing by measuring the reduction in density of wild radish plants.

* Assessments were percent reduction in wild radish density

^A Assessment was percent reduction in flowering wild radish density

DAS = days after sowing

IBS = incorporated by sowing

The results established that Flurochloridone and Saflufenacil applied as a mixture IBS was synergistic for controlling wild radish.

Example 7 In this example, a field trial was conducted in a crop of wheat cv. Scepter. Herbicide treatments included Flurochloridone, Mesotrione, chlorotoluron and Isoxaben applied alone, in a mixture or in a sequence as set out in Table 8. All herbicides were applied by spraying in a volume of 100 L/ha at the application rate indicated. Grain yield was recorded at 175 DAS and the percentage of yield increase or decrease determined.

IBS = incorporated by sowing

PSPE = post-sow pre-emergent

The results established that:

Mesotrione applied IBS in combination with Flurochloridone applied PSPE was synergistic in increasing yield,

Flurochloridone and chlorotoluron applied as a mixture IBS was synergistic in increasing yield,

Flurochloridone and Isoxaben applied as a mixture PSPE was synergistic for increasing yield. Example 8 In this example, a field trial was conducted in a crop of wheat. Herbicide treatments included Flurochloridone, Mesotrione, Isoxaben and Saflufenacil applied in a mixture as set out in Table 9. The target weed was wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum). All herbicides were applied by spraying in a volume of 100 L/ha at the application rate indicated. An assessment of the reduction in density of wild radish was conducted 26 and 56 days after sowing.

* Assessment was percent reduction in wild radish density

DAS = days after sowing

IBS = incorporated by sowing The results established that:

Flurochloridone and Mesotrione applied as a mixture IBS was synergistic for controlling wild radish,

Flurochloridone and Isoxaben applied as a mixture IBS was synergistic for controlling wild radish, - Flurochloridone and Saflufenacil applied as a mixture IBS was synergistic for controlling wild radish.

Example 9 In this example, a field trial was conducted in a crop of wheat. Herbicide treatments included Flurochloridone, Mesotrione and chlorotoluron applied alone, in a mixture or in a sequence as set out in Table 10. The target weed was wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum). All herbicides were applied by spraying in a volume of 100 L/ha at the application rate indicated. An assessment of the reduction in density of wild radish was conducted 56 and 117 days after sowing.

* Assessment was percent reduction in wild radish density

DAS = days after sowing

IBS = incorporated by sowing PSPE = post-sow pre-emergent

The results established that:

Flurochloridone and chlorotoluron applied as a mixture IBS was synergistic for controlling wild radish,

Mesotrione applied IBS in a sequence with Flurochloridone applied PSPE was synergistic for controlling wild radish.

Example 10

In this example, a pot trial was conducted to evaluate flurochloridone and indaziflam applied as a pre-emergent application either alone or in mixtures as set out in Table 11. The target weeds included barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) and fleabane (Conyza bonariensis).

All herbicides were applied by spraying in a volume of 100 L/ha at the application rate indicated.

An assessment of weed control was conducted 34 days after application.

BYG = barnyard grass FB = fleabane

The results established that:

Flurochloridone and indaziflam applied as a pre-emergent mixture was synergistic for controlling barnyard grass and fleabane.

Example 11 In this example, a pot trial was conducted to evaluate flurochloridone, linuron and amicarbazone applied as a post-emergent application either alone or in mixtures as set out in Table 12. The target weed was barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) at the 3 to 4 leaf growth stage. All herbicides were applied by spraying in a volume of 100 L/ha at the application rate indicated. An assessment of weed control was conducted 25 days after application.

The results established that:

Flurochloridone and linuron applied as a post-emergent mixture was synergistic for controlling barnyard grass,

Flurochloridone and amicarbazone applied as a post-emergent mixture was synergistic for controlling barnyard grass. Only in one treatment did the inventors observe a slight antagonism with amicarbazone, but the numbers are within the error margin and do not contradict the general trend.

Example 12

In this example, a pot trial was conducted to evaluate flurochloridone, linuron, bentazone and amicarbazone applied as a post-emergent application either alone or in mixtures as set out in Table 13. The target weed was wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) at the 3 to 4 leaf growth stage. All herbicides were applied by spraying in a volume of 100 L/ha at the application rate indicated.

An assessment of weed control was conducted 25 days after application.

* Linuron at 120 g/ha already provides a 100% control and therefore it is mathematically impossible to observe any synergy

The results established that:

Flurochloridone and linuron applied as a post-emergent mixture was synergistic for controlling wild radish,

Flurochloridone and bentazone applied as a post-emergent mixture was synergistic for controlling wild radish,

Flurochloridone and amicarbazone applied as a post-emergent mixture was synergistic for controlling wild radish. Example 13

In this example, a pot trial was conducted to evaluate flurochloridone, linuron, bentazone and amicarbazone applied as a post-emergent application either alone or in mixtures as set out in Table 14. The target weed was sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus) at the 3 to 4 leaf growth stage. All herbicides were applied by spraying in a volume of 100 L/ha at the application rate indicated. An assessment of weed control was conducted 27 days after application.

* These values are within the error margin

The results established that: Flurochloridone and linuron applied as a post-emergent mixture was synergistic for controlling sowthistle,

Flurochloridone and bentazone applied as a post-emergent mixture was synergistic for controlling sowthistle, - Flurochloridone and amicarbazone applied as a post-emergent mixture was synergistic for controlling sowthistle.

Example 14

In this example, a pot trial was conducted to evaluate flurochloridone, isoxaflutole and tembotrione applied as a post-emergent application either alone or in mixtures as set out in Table 15. The target weeds were barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) and amaranth (Amaranthus spp) at the 3 to 4 leaf growth stage. All herbicides were applied by spraying in a volume of 100 L/ha at the application rate indicated.

An assessment of weed control was conducted 25 days after application.

t * Isoxaflutol at 50 g/ha already provides a 100% control and therefore it is mathematically impossible to observe any synergy.

* Colby ratio would result in infinite (°°), which is not a valid result. Except for one treatment (25 + 12.5), in all cases the combination of flurochloridone and tembotrione resulted in a synergistic effect, although the exact value cannot be calculated.

* Colby ratio would result in infinite (°°), which is not a valid result. Except for two treatments in tembotrione, in all cases the combination of flurochlofidone with isoxaflutole or tembotrione resulted in a synergistic effect, although the exact value cannot be calculated. The results established that:

Flurochloridone and isoxaflutole applied as a post-emergent mixture was synergistic for controlling barnyard grass,

Flurochloridone and tembotrione applied as a post-emergent mixture was synergistic for controlling amaranthus.

In some cases this effect has been dramatic. For example, neither flurochloridone at any of the tested rates, not isoxaflutole at 12.5 g/ha had any control effect over amaranthus. However, the combination of flurochloridone at 100 g/ha with isoxaflutoles at 12.5 g/ha resulted in the complete control of amaranthus. Even reducing to 50 g/ha of flurochloridone still provided a 93% control of amaranthus. A similar result was observed for the combination of flurochloridone at 100 g/ha and tembotrione at 50 g/ha.

While the present disclosure may be susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments have been described by way of example in detail herein. However, it is understood that the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the particular forms disclosed. Rather, the present disclosure is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the following claims and their legal equivalents.

Claims

1. A mixture comprising: i) flurochloridone, salts or solvates thereof; and ii) a second herbicide selected from the group consisting of a. a hydroxyphenyl pyruvate dioxygenase inhibitor selected from the group consisting of the family of the triketones, isoxaflutole, and the family of pyrazoles; b. a protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor; c. an inhibitor of photosynthesis at PS II selected from the group consisting of the family of triazines, amicarbazone, bentazone, pyridate, the family of uracils, the family of ureas, the family of phenylcarbamates, the family of triazinones, and the family of the amides; d. a cellulose synthesis inhibitor selected from the group consisting of the family of nitriles, flupoxam, isoxaben, and the family of alkylazines; and e. a dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitor from the aryl pyrrolidinone anilide family; or salts, or solvates or mixtures thereof.

2. The mixture according to claim 1, wherein the hydroxyphenyl pyruvate dioxygenase inhibitor is a triketone selected from the group consisting of fenquinotrione, lancotrione, mesotrione, sulcotrione, tefuryltrione, and tembotrione, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof.

3. The mixture according to claim 1, wherein the hydroxyphenyl pyruvate dioxygenase inhibitor is isoxaflutole , or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof.

4. The mixture according to claim 1, wherein the hydroxyphenyl pyruvate dioxygenase inhibitor is a pyrazole selected from the group consisting of tolpyralate, topramezone, and pyrasulfotole, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof.

5. The mixture according to claim 1, wherein the dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitor is tetflupyrolimet, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof.

6. The mixture according to claim 1, where in the protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor is an N- phenilimide selected from the group consisting of saflufenacil, tiafenacil, and trifludimoxazin, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof.

7. The mixture according to claim 1, wherein the inhibitor of photosynthesis at PS II is a triazine selected from the group consisting of ametrine, terbutryn, prometryn, and cyanazine, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof.

8. The mixture according to claim 1, wherein the inhibitor of photosynthesis at PS II is a uracil selected from the group consisting of bromacil, terbacil, and Lenacil, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof.

9. The mixture according to claim 1, wherein the inhibitor of photosynthesis at PS II is a urea selected from the group consisting of chlorotoluron, diuron, fluometuron, linuron, and isoproturon, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof.

10. The mixture according to claim 1, wherein the inhibitor of photosynthesis at PS II is a phenylcarbamate selected from the group consisting of desmedipham, and phenmedipham, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof.

11. The mixture according to claim 1, wherein the inhibitor of photosynthesis at PS II is a triazinone selected from the group consisting of hexazinone, and metamitron, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof.

12. The mixture according to claim 1, wherein the inhibitor of photosynthesis at PS II is an amide, such as propanil, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof.

13. The mixture according to claim 1, wherein the cellulose synthesis inhibitor is a nitrile selected from the group consisting of chlorthiamid, and dichlobenil, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof.

14. The mixture according to claim 1, wherein the cellulose synthesis inhibitor is an alkylazine, such as indaziflam, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof.

15. The mixture according to claim 1, comprising i) flurochloridone, salts or solvates thereof; and ii) a second herbicide selected from the group consisting of mesotrione, chlorotoluron, and isoxaben, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof.

16. The mixture according to claim 1, wherein the active ingredient consists of i) flurochloridone, salts or solvates thereof; and ii) a second herbicide selected from the group consisting of mesotrione, chlorotoluron, and isoxaben, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof.

17. The mixture according to claim 1, comprising i) flurochloridone, salts or solvates thereof; and ii) a second herbicide selected from the group consisting of mesotrione, chlorotoluron, isoxaben, indaziflam, tembotrione, amicarbazone, bentazone, and linuron, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof.

18. The mixture according to claim 1, wherein the active ingredient consists of i) flurochloridone, salts or solvates thereof; and ii) a second herbicide selected from the group consisting of mesotrione, chlorotoluron, isoxaben, indaziflam, tembotrione, amicarbazone, bentazone, and linuron, or salts or solvates or mixtures thereof.

19. The mixture of any of the previous claims, wherein the weight ratio flurochloridone:second herbicide is from 100:1 to 1:100.

20. An agrochemical formulation comprising a) the mixture as defined in any of claims 1-19; and b) an agriculturally acceptable additive, such as at least one carrier, a surfactant, a solvent or combinations thereof.

21. A tank mix comprising the mixture as defined in any of claims 1-19 or the formulation as defined in claim 20, water, and, optionally, an agriculturally acceptable adjuvant.

22. A method for controlling weeds comprising contacting the weeds or their locus with an agriculturally effective amount of the mixture as defined in any of claims 1-19 or the formulation as defined in claim 20 or the tank mix as defined in claim 21.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein flurochloridone, salts or solvates thereof and the second herbicide are applied jointly or in a succession.

24. The method of any one of claims 22 or 23, wherein flurochloridone, salts or solvates thereof and the second herbicide are applied prior to sowing a crop, prior to germination of the weed, after sowing a crop, after emergence of a crop or after emergence of the weed, jointly as a mixture as defined in claims 1-19, as a formulation as defined in claim 20, or as a tank mix as defined in claim 21.

25. The method of any one of claims 22 or 23, comprising

- applying a second herbicide selected from the group consisting of mesotrione, saflufenacil, chlorotoluron, isoxaben, indaziflam, isoxaflutole, amicarbazone, bentazone, linuron and mixtures thereof to a locus intended for growing a crop; then

- sowing the crop; and then

- applying flurochloridone after sowing into the same locus either prior to or after crop emergence.

26. The method of any one of claims 22 or 23, comprising - applying a second herbicide selected from the group consisting of mesotrione, saflufenacil, chlorotoluron, isoxaben, and mixtures thereof to a locus intended for growing a crop; then

- sowing the crop; and then

27. The method of any one of claims 22-26, wherein the application rate of flurochloridone, salts or solvates thereof is from 1 g/ha to 800 g/ha, preferably from 12.5 g/ha to 500 g/ha, preferably from 30 g/ha to 400 g/ha, preferably from 50 g/ha to 300 g/ha, preferably from 60 g/ha to 200 g/ha, preferably from 70 g/ha to 175 g/ha, preferably from 80 g/ha to 150 g/ha.

28. The method of any one of claims 22-27, wherein said weeds are selected from the group consisting of Raphanus raphanistrum, Medicago truncatula, Vicia sativa, Lens culinaris, Trifolium subterraneum, Echinochloa crus-galli, Conyza bonariensis, Sonchus oleraceus, and Amaranthus spp.

29. The method of any one of claims 22-28, wherein at least one additional herbicide is applied either in a tank mix or in a sequence.

30. The method of any one of claims 22-29, wherein the locus comprises cereals, wheat, winter wheat, spring wheat, barley, winter barley, spring barley, triticale, cereal rye, fodder cereals, carrots, maize, cotton, bananas, fallow land, chickpeas, field peas, lentils, lupins, peanuts, potatoes, soybeans, sugarcane, or sunflower crops, or non-crop areas, tree crops, vines, turfgrass or grassland.

31. The method of any one of claims 22-30, wherein the locus comprises a herbicide-tolerant crop or wherein the said weeds are resistant to at least one herbicide or herbicide mode of action.

32. Use of the mixture as defined in any of claims 1-19, a formulation as defined in claim 20 or a tank mix as defined in claim 21, for controlling weeds.