WO2023232640A1 - Dispositif a faisceau d'electrons pour le traitement d'une surface - Google Patents
Dispositif a faisceau d'electrons pour le traitement d'une surface Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023232640A1 WO2023232640A1 PCT/EP2023/064077 EP2023064077W WO2023232640A1 WO 2023232640 A1 WO2023232640 A1 WO 2023232640A1 EP 2023064077 W EP2023064077 W EP 2023064077W WO 2023232640 A1 WO2023232640 A1 WO 2023232640A1
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- electron beam
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/02—Details
- H01J37/04—Arrangements of electrodes and associated parts for generating or controlling the discharge, e.g. electron-optical arrangement or ion-optical arrangement
- H01J37/06—Electron sources; Electron guns
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/30—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects
- H01J37/301—Arrangements enabling beams to pass between regions of different pressure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
- C23C14/46—Sputtering by ion beam produced by an external ion source
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/02—Details
- H01J37/04—Arrangements of electrodes and associated parts for generating or controlling the discharge, e.g. electron-optical arrangement or ion-optical arrangement
- H01J37/10—Lenses
- H01J37/14—Lenses magnetic
- H01J37/141—Electromagnetic lenses
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32009—Arrangements for generation of plasma specially adapted for examination or treatment of objects, e.g. plasma sources
- H01J37/32321—Discharge generated by other radiation
- H01J37/3233—Discharge generated by other radiation using charged particles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/34—Gas-filled discharge tubes operating with cathodic sputtering
- H01J37/3411—Constructional aspects of the reactor
- H01J37/3414—Targets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/34—Gas-filled discharge tubes operating with cathodic sputtering
- H01J37/3411—Constructional aspects of the reactor
- H01J37/345—Magnet arrangements in particular for cathodic sputtering apparatus
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/04—Means for controlling the discharge
- H01J2237/049—Focusing means
- H01J2237/0492—Lens systems
- H01J2237/04922—Lens systems electromagnetic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/06—Sources
- H01J2237/063—Electron sources
- H01J2237/06325—Cold-cathode sources
- H01J2237/06366—Gas discharge electron sources
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/15—Means for deflecting or directing discharge
- H01J2237/152—Magnetic means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/18—Vacuum control means
- H01J2237/182—Obtaining or maintaining desired pressure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/18—Vacuum control means
- H01J2237/188—Differential pressure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/30—Electron or ion beam tubes for processing objects
- H01J2237/31—Processing objects on a macro-scale
- H01J2237/3114—Machining
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/30—Electron or ion beam tubes for processing objects
- H01J2237/31—Processing objects on a macro-scale
- H01J2237/3132—Evaporating
- H01J2237/3137—Plasma-assisted co-operation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/32—Processing objects by plasma generation
- H01J2237/33—Processing objects by plasma generation characterised by the type of processing
- H01J2237/332—Coating
Definitions
- TITLE Electron beam device for surface treatment
- the present description generally relates to an electron beam device for the treatment of a surface, for example for the deposition of a thin layer on a surface, cleaning, layer densification and/or etching of 'a surface.
- the treatment of a surface for example a substrate surface, more generally a surface of a part, generally corresponds to a mechanical, chemical, electrochemical and/or physical operation which has the consequence of modifying the appearance or function of the surface in order to adapt it to given conditions of use.
- a surface for example a substrate surface, more generally a surface of a part
- the treatment of a surface includes techniques for coating a surface, for example metal coating techniques, and in particular techniques for depositing a thin layer on a surface.
- PVD physical vapor deposition
- evaporation by electron beam in the vapor phase is a physical vapor deposition technique in which a target under high vacuum is bombarded by a electron beam usually emitted by a tungsten filament.
- the beam of electrons causes the atoms or molecules of the target to pass into the gas phase. At least part of these atoms or molecules then precipitate in solid form on a surface to be treated, covering said surface with a thin layer of these precipitated atoms or molecules.
- a disadvantage of this technique is the degradation of the filament, which can for example lead to a non-uniform evaporation rate.
- a constraint is to have a high vacuum, sometimes less than 10 4 mbar.
- the sputtering technique consists of directing a plasma comprising relatively heavy charged particles, for example argon ions (Ar+) coming from an at least partially ionized argon gas (Ar), towards a target. to produce the spraying of particles of one or more materials constituting this target. At least part of these sprayed particles is deposited on a surface, for example a surface of a substrate, to form a thin layer of the material(s).
- the plasma can be formed, for example, by applying electromagnetic radiation to the gas to be ionized at low pressure.
- a constraint of this technique is to avoid contamination between the plasma source and the spraying zone of the particles on the surface, another constraint being to manage a relatively high vacuum, for example less than or equal to 10 ⁇ 2 mbar.
- One embodiment overcomes all or part of the drawbacks of known surface treatment devices, and in particular known thin layer deposition devices.
- One embodiment provides an electron beam device comprising: a processing chamber having a longitudinal direction;
- each source being adapted to emit an electron beam in a beam plane substantially transverse to the longitudinal direction so as to induce a plasma or an evaporation point in the treatment chamber for the treatment of a surface of a part; at least one first orifice for passing the electron beam into said treatment chamber, the diameter of the minimum circle in which said first orifice is inscribed being less than or equal to one eighth, for example less than or equal to one tenth, of the smallest dimension of a cross section of the treatment chamber taken in the beam plane.
- the processing chamber comprises a target.
- the processing chamber comprises a first support base adapted to support the target.
- the first support base is mobile.
- the first support base comprises, or consists of, a crucible, for example a cooled crucible.
- the treatment chamber comprises a second support base adapted to support the part to be treated.
- the second support base is mobile.
- the at least one electron beam source is external to the treatment chamber
- the device comprises a deflection device, such as an electromagnet or a permanent magnet, adapted to deflect the electron beam in the treatment chamber.
- a deflection device such as an electromagnet or a permanent magnet
- the deflection device is mobile.
- the device comprises a pumping chamber connected to a first vacuum pump and to the treatment chamber, the pumping chamber being adapted to carry out differential vacuum pumping of said treatment chamber.
- the treatment chamber is delimited by walls forming a cylindrical or parallelepiped body, and the pumping chamber is positioned against a side wall of the body, inside or outside said body.
- the pumping chamber is coaxial with the treatment chamber.
- the at least one first orifice is between the pumping chamber and the treatment chamber, and the device comprises at least one second orifice for passing the electron beam between the pumping chamber and the at least one electron beam source.
- the diameter of the minimum circle in which the at least one second orifice fits is less than or equal to one eighth, for example less than or equal to one tenth, of the smallest dimension of the section transversal of the treatment chamber taken in the beam plane.
- the at least one electron beam source comprises an electron generation chamber and a tube between the electron generation chamber and the processing chamber.
- the tube is connected to the electron generation chamber and to the pumping chamber, and the at least one second orifice is between the pumping chamber and the tube.
- the at least one electron beam source comprises a focusing device, such as an electromagnet, adapted to focus the electron beam, and for example to direct it towards the treatment chamber.
- a focusing device such as an electromagnet
- the device comprises a second vacuum pump connected to the treatment chamber and/or a third vacuum pump connected to the at least one electron beam source. According to one embodiment, the device comprises several electron beam sources external to the treatment chamber.
- At least two of the electron beam sources are adapted to emit electrons along two beam planes parallel to each other.
- the at least one first orifice, and in certain cases, the at least one second orifice corresponds to an orifice of a diaphragm.
- the device comprises: a source for polarizing the target at a voltage between 0 and 10 kV, preferably between 2 and 5 kV; and or
- One embodiment provides an electron beam device comprising: a processing chamber having a longitudinal direction;
- each source being adapted to emit an electron beam in a beam plane substantially transverse to the longitudinal direction so as to induce a plasma or an evaporation point in the treatment chamber for the treatment of a surface of a part; said at least one electron beam source being external to the processing chamber;
- a pumping chamber connected to a first vacuum pump, to the processing chamber and to the at least one electron beam source, the pumping chamber being positioned between said processing chamber and said at least one beam source of electrons, and being adapted to carry out differential vacuum pumping of said chamber of treatment ; at least one first orifice for passing the electron beam between the treatment chamber and the pumping chamber; and at least one second orifice for passing the electron beam between the pumping chamber and the at least one electron beam source.
- the diameter of the minimum circle in which the at least one first orifice fits is less than or equal to one eighth, for example less than or equal to one tenth, of the smallest dimension of a cross section of the treatment chamber taken in the beam plane;
- the diameter of the minimum circle in which the at least one second orifice fits is less than or equal to one eighth, for example less than or equal to one tenth, of the smallest dimension of the cross section of the treatment chamber taken in the beam plan.
- the at least one first orifice is positioned in a side wall of the treatment chamber so that an electron beam emitted by the at least one electron beam source can penetrate to through said at least one first orifice into said treatment chamber.
- the at least one second orifice is positioned in a side wall of the pumping chamber so that an electron beam emitted by the at least one electron beam source can penetrate into through said at least one second orifice into said pumping chamber.
- the at least one electron beam source, the processing chamber and the pumping chamber form a closed assembly.
- the treatment chamber comprises a target adapted to, under the effect of the electron beam or plasma, emit particles towards the part in order to induce a thin layer deposition process on said part by a cathode sputtering technique or an electron beam evaporation technique.
- the processing chamber comprises a first support base adapted to support the target, said first support base being for example mobile
- the first support base comprises, or consists of, a crucible, for example a cooled crucible.
- the device further comprises: a source for polarizing the target at a voltage between 0 and 10 kV, preferably between 2 and 5 kV; and or
- the treatment chamber comprises a second support base adapted to support the part to be treated, said second support base being for example mobile.
- the device comprises a deflection device, such as an electromagnet or a permanent magnet, adapted to deflect the electron beam in the treatment chamber, said deflection device being for example mobile.
- a deflection device such as an electromagnet or a permanent magnet
- the treatment chamber is delimited by walls of a cylindrical or parallelepiped body, and the pumping chamber is positioned against a side wall of the body, inside or outside. the exterior of said body; the pumping chamber being for example coaxial with the treatment chamber.
- the at least one electron beam source comprises an electron generation chamber and a tube between the electron generation chamber and the processing chamber; each tube being connected to the pumping chamber; and the at least one second orifice being between the pumping chamber and the tube of the at least one electron beam source.
- the at least one electron beam source comprises a focusing device, such as an electromagnet, adapted to focus the electron beam, and for example to direct it towards the treatment chamber.
- a focusing device such as an electromagnet
- the device comprises a second vacuum pump connected to the treatment chamber and/or a third vacuum pump connected to the at least one electron beam source.
- the device comprises several electron beam sources external to the treatment chamber.
- At least two of the electron beam sources are adapted to emit electrons along the same beam plane or along two beam planes parallel to each other.
- the at least one first orifice, and/or the at least one second orifice corresponds to an orifice of a diaphragm.
- the device is adapted to implement:
- Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view of an electron beam device according to a first embodiment
- Figure 2 is a schematic sectional view of an electron beam device according to a second embodiment
- Figure 3 is a top view of an electron beam device similar to the device of Figure 2;
- Figure 4 is a top view of an electron beam device according to a third embodiment.
- an electron beam plane or beam plane
- electron beam sources When there are several electron beam sources, they can be configured to emit electron beams along a single beam plane or along several beam planes substantially parallel to each other.
- a longitudinal direction reference is made to the direction perpendicular to the beam plane(s).
- a cross section of a chamber treatment corresponds to a section of the treatment chamber along a plane perpendicular (transverse plane) to the longitudinal direction.
- transverse plane corresponds to a beam plane, we speak of a cross section taken in a beam plane.
- Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view of an electron beam device 100 according to a first embodiment.
- the device 100 comprises three distinct chambers:
- the electron generation chamber 112 is part of an electron beam source 110, or electron source, which is adapted to emit at least one electron beam F in one direction of a plane PF beam.
- the electron beam source 110, the processing chamber 130 and the pumping chamber 120 form a closed, preferably sealed assembly.
- the pumping chamber 120 is connected to the treatment chamber 130 and to the electron beam source 110, and positioned between the treatment chamber 130 and the electron beam source 110.
- a wall common wall separates the pumping chamber 120 and the treatment chamber 130 and another common wall separates the pumping chamber 120 and the electron beam source 110.
- the electron beam source 110 is preferably filament-free.
- the beam source electrons 110 may comprise, or consist of, for example, a plasma source in which the plasma is obtained by interaction between high frequency electromagnetic radiation and a low pressure gas, such as the plasma source described in the application for patent FR3062770A1.
- a plasma source in which the plasma is obtained by interaction between high frequency electromagnetic radiation and a low pressure gas, such as the plasma source described in the application for patent FR3062770A1.
- the plasma source generating electrons, and thus forming an electron source can be placed in a vacuum different from that of the treatment chamber, offering freedom in the choice of pressure and/or temperature. nature of the gas for both the treatment chamber and the plasma source.
- the treatment chamber 130 is included between a cylinder 10 (cylindrical body) and the pumping chamber 120.
- the treatment chamber 130 is closed by a lower wall 131, corresponding to a central portion of the lower base of the cylinder 10, an upper wall 133, corresponding to the upper base of the cylinder 10, and a side wall 132, having a first common portion with an upper portion of the side wall of the cylinder 10 connecting the lower and upper bases of said cylinder, a second common portion with an upper wall 128 of the pumping chamber 120, and a third common portion with a first side wall 121 (internal side wall) of the pumping chamber 120.
- the pumping chamber 120 is, in this embodiment, positioned inside the cylinder 10 and has the shape of a crown with the same axis as the cylinder.
- the pumping chamber 120 is closed by a second side wall 123 (external side wall) common with a lower portion of the side wall of the cylinder 10, the internal side wall 121, the upper wall 128, and a lower wall 129 , the upper and lower walls of the pumping chamber connecting the internal and external side walls of the pumping chamber.
- the inner side wall 121 and the upper wall 128 of the pumping chamber 120 are common with the side wall 132 of the processing chamber 130.
- the lower wall 129 of the pumping chamber 120 corresponds to a peripheral portion of the lower base of the cylinder 10.
- the treatment chamber 130 is defined by the space between the cylinder 10 and the pumping chamber 120.
- the volume V3 of the treatment chamber 130 corresponds substantially to the volume of the cylinder 10 minus the volume V2 of the pumping chamber 120.
- the upper wall 128 of the pumping chamber 120 is shown oblique with respect to the beam plane PF.
- the upper wall 128 of the pumping chamber 120 could be substantially parallel to the beam plane PF.
- the upper wall 128 of the pumping chamber 120 could correspond to a portion of the upper base of the cylinder 10, that is to say that the internal wall 121 of the pumping chamber 120 could extend up to the upper base of cylinder 10.
- the cylinder 10 is represented as being a right circular cylinder, as can also be seen in the top view in Figure 3 described later.
- the longitudinal direction Z (or axial direction) of the treatment chamber 130 corresponds in this mode to the axis of the circular cylinder 10.
- D3 the smallest section diameter of the portion of treatment chamber 130 surrounded by the pumping chamber (small diameter)
- D4 the section diameter of the portion of treatment chamber 130 not surrounded by the pumping chamber (large diameter).
- D3 is less than D4.
- Other shapes and configurations of treatment chamber and pumping chamber are possible.
- the body can be non-circular cylindrical, or can be parallelepiped, as illustrated for example in Figure 4 described later, or even have any other suitable shape.
- the pumping chamber can be positioned inside or outside this cylindrical or parallelepiped body.
- the pumping chamber can be positioned outside the body, against a side wall of the body, which then corresponds to a side wall of the treatment chamber.
- the pumping chamber 120 is connected to a first vacuum pump 126.
- the use of a pumping chamber separate from the treatment chamber allows differential pumping.
- the pumping chamber 120 is positioned between the processing chamber 130 and the electron beam source 110 forms an intermediate pumping chamber 120 between the electron generation chamber 112 and the chamber treatment chamber 130.
- the pumping chamber 120 has a pressure P2 intermediate between the pressure PI in the electron generation chamber 112 and the pressure P3 in the treatment chamber 130. This makes it possible to adjust the pressure in a differentiated manner in the electron generation chamber 112, for the production of electrons, and in the processing chamber 130 for the processing of a substrate 106, as explained later, and thus to optimize the operating pressures in the processing chamber. generation of electrons 112 and in the treatment chamber 130.
- the treatment chamber 130 comprises a treatment gas inlet 138, connected to a treatment gas supply (not shown).
- gas treatment are rare gases such as He, Ne, Ar, Kr or Xe or reactive gases such as O2, N 2 , F 2 , CH 4 , SF 6 .
- a second vacuum pump 142 can be connected to the treatment chamber 130, for example to control an ultimate vacuum in said treatment chamber, particularly in evaporation mode.
- the deposition of thin layers by evaporation sometimes requires very high vacuums (typically less than 10 ⁇ 5 mbar), which may require the presence of reinforced pumping dedicated to the treatment chamber.
- the processing chamber 130 is adapted to support a target 104, for example by means of a first support base 134 assembled inside the processing chamber.
- the first support base 134 can be movable in the direction longitudinal direction Z, for example using a first motor 135. This can make it possible to vary a first distance ZI in the longitudinal direction between the target 104 and the beam plane PF.
- the target can be movable in translation and/or in rotation, for example to control the position and shape of the wear zone of the target. Only one target is shown, but the processing chamber could contain several targets, for example several targets on the first support base.
- the target 104 can be placed in a crucible which can constitute or form part of the first support base 134, in particular if it is used in an evaporation deposition technique.
- the processing chamber 130 is adapted to support a part, for example a substrate 106 of which at least one surface is to be treated.
- a second support base 136 can be assembled inside said processing chamber to support the substrate 106.
- the second support base 136 can be movable in the longitudinal direction Z, for example using a second motor 137. This can allow to vary a second distance Z2 in the longitudinal direction between the substrate 106 and the beam plane PF. More generally, the part to be treated can be movable in translation and/or in rotation.
- the pumping chamber 120 communicates with the treatment chamber 130 using a first orifice 122, and with the electron beam source 110 using a second orifice 124.
- the first and second orifices are preferably aligned in the direction of emission of the electron beam (direction X in Figure 1).
- the electron beam emitted by the electron beam source 110 in the X direction enters the processing chamber 130 via the pumping chamber 120 through the first and second ports 122, 124.
- first and second orifices are then preferably provided, each first orifice then preferably being aligned with a second orifice according to one of the emission directions, so that each electron beam emitted in a given emission direction can enter the treatment chamber via the pumping chamber through first and second orifices aligned in said emission direction.
- the first orifice 122 can be positioned in the internal side wall 121 of the pumping chamber 120, that is to say in the side wall 132 of the treatment chamber 130, and the second orifice 124 can be positioned in the outer side wall 123 of the pumping chamber 120.
- the inner and outer side walls of the pumping chamber are opposite in the direction of emission X of the electron beam.
- first and second orifices there may be several first and second orifices, in particular if there are several sources of electron beam, as illustrated later in relation to Figure 2.
- the first orifices can be positioned along a first circumference of the internal side wall 121 of the pumping chamber 120, corresponding to a first circumference of the wall side wall 132 of the treatment chamber 130, and the second orifices can be positioned along a second circumference of the external side wall 123 of the pumping chamber 120.
- the first and second circumferences are concentric.
- each first orifice can be positioned in a wall common to the treatment chamber and the pumping chamber, and each second orifice can be positioned in another wall common to the pumping chamber and an electron beam source.
- each first orifice may be an orifice of a first diaphragm assembled to the internal side wall of the pumping chamber, that is to say to the side wall of the treatment chamber, and/or each second orifice may be an orifice of a second diaphragm assembled to the external side wall of the pumping chamber.
- the internal side wall can then include an opening larger than the first orifice to integrate the first diaphragm, and/or the external side wall can then include an opening larger than the second orifice to integrate the second diaphragm.
- the circle of minimum diameter in which each first orifice 122 fits is adapted to the dimensions of the treatment chamber 130, preferably to the dimensions of the cross section of the treatment chamber taken in the beam plane. The same conditions can apply to the circle of minimum diameter in which the second orifice 124 fits.
- An orifice can be circular in shape. In this case, we take the diameter of this circle as the orifice dimension.
- the diameter of the minimum circle in which the first orifice 122 fits is less than or equal to 1/8, for example less than or equal to 1/10, for example less than or equal to 1/12, of the smallest dimension of the cross section of the treatment chamber 130 taken in the beam plane PF. In the example shown, this corresponds to the small diameter D3 of the treatment chamber 130.
- the same conditions can apply to the diameter of the minimum circle in which the second orifice 124 fits.
- Such a ratio for an orifice makes it possible to ensure a differential vacuum between the electron beam source 110, and in particular the electron generation chamber 112, and the treatment chamber 130, while minimizing contamination of the treatment chamber towards the electron generation chamber 112. Compromises can be found between the quantity of electrons injected into a beam of given diameter, after focusing, and the maximum dimension of the orifice which itself controls differential pumping.
- the first vacuum pump 126 makes it possible to form a vacuum in the pumping chamber 120, as well as in the treatment chamber 130 via the first orifice 122. [0097] Thus, the first vacuum pump 126, the injection of treatment gas, and in certain cases the second vacuum pump 142, make it possible to control the pressure in the treatment chamber 130.
- the pressure in the treatment chamber 130 can be adapted depending on the treatment technique implemented in the device, for example:
- the electron generation chamber 112 is at a distance from the pumping chamber 120 and the processing chamber 130.
- the electron beam source 110 comprises a tube 114 , preferably hollow, connecting the electron generation chamber 112 and the pumping chamber 120.
- the second orifice 124 is then positioned between the pumping chamber 120 and the tube 114.
- a third passage orifice 113 is formed between the chamber electron generation 112 and the tube 114.
- the third orifice 113 is preferably aligned with the first and second orifices 122, 124 in the direction of emission X of the electron beam.
- the electron generation chamber 112 could be attached to the pumping chamber 120 and/or the treatment chamber 130.
- the electron generation chamber 112 could not include a tube .
- the electron beam chamber 112 further comprises a source gas inlet 118 connected to a source gas supply (not shown).
- source gases are rare gases He, Ne, Ar, Kr or Xe or reactive gases such as O2, N 2 , F 2 , CH 4 , SF 6 .
- the electron beam source 110 also preferably comprises an electron beam focusing device. It may be an electrostatic or magnetic focusing device, for example an electromagnet 116 positioned around the tube 114 and connected to a coil current supply (power supply not shown).
- the focusing device for example the electromagnet 116, is preferably adapted to produce a magnetic field parallel to the path of the electron beam in the tube 114, and can be adapted to conduct said electron beam towards the chamber of treatment 130.
- the electron beam source 110 may comprise an extraction grid and/or an acceleration grid, for example between the electron generation chamber 112 and the electromagnet. 116.
- the first vacuum pump 126 can be adapted to form a vacuum in the electron generation chamber 112 via the pumping chamber 120 and the second orifice 124. It is possible to dimension the first vacuum pump 126 as well as the second orifice 124 depending on the desired vacuum.
- the electron beam source 110 may comprise a third vacuum pump 115 connected to the electron generation chamber 112, and adapted to form a higher vacuum in said chamber, and/or to compensate for a possible retroactive flow coming from the treatment chamber 130.
- the emitted electron beam F is directed in the direction X of the beam plane PF, perpendicular to the longitudinal direction Z.
- the trajectory Fl of the electron beam in the treatment chamber 130 can follow the same direction as that of the emitted electron beam, or at least not be directed in a particular direction.
- the electron beam is not directed towards the target 104.
- the electron beam can be adapted to create a plasma using a treatment gas introduced into the treatment chamber, for example noble gases such as He, Ne, Ar, Kr or Xe or reactive gases such as O2, N2, F2, CH4, SFg.
- the plasma can be directed towards the substrate 106 to clean it and/or to etch it.
- the plasma can also be directed towards the target 104 to remove particles from it, and the particles directed towards the substrate 106 to produce a thin layer deposition by the cathode sputtering technique.
- the trajectory F2 of the electron beam in the treatment chamber 130 can be deflected to follow a given direction in the treatment chamber.
- the electron beam can be directed towards the target 104.
- the electron beam can, for example, be adapted to transform molecules of the target into the gas phase. At least part of these molecules then precipitate in solid form on the substrate 106 to produce a thin layer deposition by the vapor phase electron beam evaporation technique.
- the device may comprise a device for deflecting the electron beam, for example an electromagnet or a permanent magnet 140, adapted to deflect the electron beam in the treatment chamber 130.
- the deflection device may be at less partially positioned in the treatment chamber.
- the diversion apparatus may be positioned completely outside of the treatment chamber.
- the deflection device for example the permanent magnet 140, can be movable in the longitudinal direction Z, for example using a third motor 139. More generally, the deflection device can be movable in translation and/or in rotation, and therefore be able to control or not the trajectory of the electron beams over a very wide range of energy thereof, for example example between 100 V and 50 kV.
- the focusing device for example the electromagnet 126
- the deflection device for example the permanent magnet 140
- the focusing device are preferably adapted to form magnetic fields having transverse directions, for example perpendicular, 'one in relation to the other.
- the target may be made of copper, tantalum or an oxide of copper or tantalum, or any other solid or even liquid material capable of inducing a spraying or evaporation process, for example a metallic or oxide material. .
- the target and/or the substrate can be polarized.
- the polarization can typically be a few tens of volts for the substrate, for example in plasma cleaning or plasma layer densification mode, and/or, for the target, any polarization voltage making it possible to obtain energies greater than a threshold.
- spraying or evaporation typically between 100 V and 10 kV.
- Figure 2 is a schematic sectional view of an electron beam device 200 according to a second embodiment, which differs from the device 100 of Figure 1 in that it comprises several electron beam sources electrons, a first source 110 and a second source 210 shown in Figure 2.
- a first permanent magnet 140 can be adapted to deflect an electron beam coming from the first source 110 and a second permanent magnet 240 can be adapted to deflect an electron beam coming from the second source 210.
- the permanent magnets can be positioned either each on a support, or on a support common 241, as illustrated, each support being for example mobile, for example using a motor 239 (common in the mode illustrated). Permanent magnets can be positioned under target 104.
- the pumping chamber 120 is positioned between the processing chamber 130 and each of the first 110 and second 210 electron beam sources.
- a fourth vacuum pump 226 can be connected to the pumping chamber 120 near the second source 210, in addition to the first vacuum pump 126 which is preferably connected near the first source 110.
- the electron beam device 200 comprises at least two first orifices 122, 222 and two second orifices 124, 224.
- the first orifices 122, 222 are positioned in the internal side wall 121 of the pumping chamber 120, c that is to say in the side wall 132 of the processing chamber 130 in the configuration shown.
- the second orifices 124, 224 are positioned in the external side wall 123 of the pumping chamber 120.
- the first and second orifices 122, 124 associated with the first electron beam source 110 are preferably aligned in the direction of emission of the electron beam by said first source.
- the first and second orifices 222, 224 associated with the second electron beam source 210 are preferably aligned in the direction of emission of the electron beam by said second source.
- Each of the first and second electron beam sources may be similar to the electron beam source 110 of FIG. 1, but the volume V4 of the second electron generation chamber 212 is not necessarily equal to the volume VI of the first electron generation chamber 112.
- the electron beam sources are positioned so as to emit electrons substantially along the same PF beam plane.
- electron beam sources can be positioned so as to emit electrons along different beam planes parallel to each other.
- the pumping chamber is then positioned between the processing chamber and each of the electron beam sources.
- the first and second orifices associated with each electron beam source are then preferably aligned in the direction of emission of the electron beam by said electron beam source.
- FIG. 3 there is shown a top view of a device similar to the device in Figure 2, in which a third electron beam source 310 can possibly be positioned.
- At least one electron beam source can be adapted to form electrons at low energy, typically between 0.1 or 2 keV, suitable for plasma cleaning, plasma layer densification, etching by plasma. plasma and/or cathode sputtering, and to form electrons at high power, typically between 2 keV and 30 keV with an intensity typically between 10 and 200 mA per source, more suitable for evaporation by electron beam in the vapor phase.
- FIG 4 is a top view of an electron beam device 400 according to a third embodiment, which differs from the devices 100 and 200 of Figures 1 to 3 mainly in that the body 40 is parallelepiped , and not cylindrical.
- the treatment chamber 430 is delimited by the walls of this parallelepiped body, and by the pumping chamber 420 which forms a ring also parallelepiped, positioned in the parallelepiped body.
- the pumping chamber can be positioned outside the parallelepiped body against one or more side walls of said body.
- the electron beam sources 110, 210, 310 shown may be similar to the sources previously described, and may be positioned so as to emit electrons in several directions X, X', Y of the same beam plane PF , or in several directions of several beam planes parallel to each other.
- sources can be positioned on two different side walls of the body, for example two parallel walls and/or two walls perpendicular to each other. Tl
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23729998.7A EP4533511A1 (fr) | 2022-05-30 | 2023-05-25 | Dispositif a faisceau d'electrons pour le traitement d'une surface |
| US18/868,585 US20250323006A1 (en) | 2022-05-30 | 2023-05-25 | Electron beam device for surface treatment |
| IL317324A IL317324A (en) | 2022-05-30 | 2023-05-25 | Electron beam surface treatment device |
| KR1020247041339A KR20250016179A (ko) | 2022-05-30 | 2023-05-25 | 표면 처리를 위한 전자빔 장치 |
| JP2024570866A JP2025518260A (ja) | 2022-05-30 | 2023-05-25 | 表面処理用電子ビーム装置 |
| CN202380044337.XA CN119301727A (zh) | 2022-05-30 | 2023-05-25 | 用于表面处理的电子束设备 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FRFR2205110 | 2022-05-30 | ||
| FR2205110A FR3136104A1 (fr) | 2022-05-30 | 2022-05-30 | Dispositif à faisceau d’électrons pour le traitement d’une surface |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2023232640A1 true WO2023232640A1 (fr) | 2023-12-07 |
Family
ID=83438596
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2023/064077 Ceased WO2023232640A1 (fr) | 2022-05-30 | 2023-05-25 | Dispositif a faisceau d'electrons pour le traitement d'une surface |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250323006A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4533511A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2025518260A (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20250016179A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN119301727A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3136104A1 (fr) |
| IL (1) | IL317324A (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023232640A1 (fr) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20070243713A1 (en) * | 2006-04-12 | 2007-10-18 | Lam Research Corporation | Apparatus and method for generating activated hydrogen for plasma stripping |
| US20100129564A1 (en) * | 2007-04-28 | 2010-05-27 | Enerize Corporation | Method for deposition of electrochemically active thin films and layered coatings |
| US20130098553A1 (en) * | 2011-10-20 | 2013-04-25 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Electron beam plasma source with profiled chamber wall for uniform plasma generation |
| FR3062770A1 (fr) | 2017-02-06 | 2018-08-10 | Polygon Physics | Source de plasma |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3046936A (en) * | 1958-06-04 | 1962-07-31 | Nat Res Corp | Improvement in vacuum coating apparatus comprising an ion trap for the electron gun thereof |
| US5238546A (en) * | 1990-03-01 | 1993-08-24 | Balzers Aktiengesellschaft | Method and apparatus for vaporizing materials by plasma arc discharge |
| JP3076367B2 (ja) * | 1990-11-29 | 2000-08-14 | キヤノン株式会社 | プラズマ処理装置 |
| JPH11241158A (ja) * | 1998-02-27 | 1999-09-07 | Applied Materials Inc | 電子線を用いた真空蒸着装置 |
| US8920618B2 (en) * | 2011-12-29 | 2014-12-30 | Intermolecular, Inc. | Combinatorial processing using high deposition rate sputtering |
| US9691592B2 (en) * | 2015-04-11 | 2017-06-27 | Ximan Jiang | Plasma source enhanced with booster chamber and low cost plasma strength sensor |
-
2022
- 2022-05-30 FR FR2205110A patent/FR3136104A1/fr active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-05-25 US US18/868,585 patent/US20250323006A1/en active Pending
- 2023-05-25 WO PCT/EP2023/064077 patent/WO2023232640A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2023-05-25 KR KR1020247041339A patent/KR20250016179A/ko active Pending
- 2023-05-25 CN CN202380044337.XA patent/CN119301727A/zh active Pending
- 2023-05-25 JP JP2024570866A patent/JP2025518260A/ja active Pending
- 2023-05-25 IL IL317324A patent/IL317324A/en unknown
- 2023-05-25 EP EP23729998.7A patent/EP4533511A1/fr active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20070243713A1 (en) * | 2006-04-12 | 2007-10-18 | Lam Research Corporation | Apparatus and method for generating activated hydrogen for plasma stripping |
| US20100129564A1 (en) * | 2007-04-28 | 2010-05-27 | Enerize Corporation | Method for deposition of electrochemically active thin films and layered coatings |
| US20130098553A1 (en) * | 2011-10-20 | 2013-04-25 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Electron beam plasma source with profiled chamber wall for uniform plasma generation |
| FR3062770A1 (fr) | 2017-02-06 | 2018-08-10 | Polygon Physics | Source de plasma |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| YAMADA T ET AL: "POLYMIDE TRANSMITTED E-BEAM EXCITED CF4 PLASMA ETCHING", THIN SOLID FILMS, ELSEVIER, AMSTERDAM, NL, vol. 316, no. 1/02, 21 March 1998 (1998-03-21), pages 13 - 17, XP000668656, ISSN: 0040-6090, DOI: 10.1016/S0040-6090(98)00380-0 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2025518260A (ja) | 2025-06-12 |
| KR20250016179A (ko) | 2025-02-03 |
| CN119301727A (zh) | 2025-01-10 |
| US20250323006A1 (en) | 2025-10-16 |
| EP4533511A1 (fr) | 2025-04-09 |
| IL317324A (en) | 2025-01-01 |
| FR3136104A1 (fr) | 2023-12-01 |
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