WO2023223849A1 - ペレット、ペレットの製造方法、ペレットを用いた組成物/成形体の製造方法、及び、ペレット製造用の組成物 - Google Patents
ペレット、ペレットの製造方法、ペレットを用いた組成物/成形体の製造方法、及び、ペレット製造用の組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023223849A1 WO2023223849A1 PCT/JP2023/017183 JP2023017183W WO2023223849A1 WO 2023223849 A1 WO2023223849 A1 WO 2023223849A1 JP 2023017183 W JP2023017183 W JP 2023017183W WO 2023223849 A1 WO2023223849 A1 WO 2023223849A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L67/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B9/00—Making granules
- B29B9/12—Making granules characterised by structure or composition
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B9/00—Making granules
- B29B9/02—Making granules by dividing preformed material
- B29B9/06—Making granules by dividing preformed material in the form of filamentary material, e.g. combined with extrusion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2067/00—Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/06—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to pellets, a method for producing pellets, a method for producing a composition/molded body using pellets, and a composition for producing pellets.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that in order to mold such a resin composition with a molding machine, pellets of the resin composition are manufactured by extrusion molding.
- the present inventors investigated and found that when a composition containing a polyhydroxyalkanoate polymer and an olefin polymer is extruded into a strand shape through a die hole, and then the strand is cut to obtain pellets. However, it was found that the strands were easily broken, making it difficult to stably produce pellets.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and an object thereof is to provide pellets and the like that contain a polyhydroxyalkanoate-based polymer and that can be stably produced.
- a pellet containing an olefin polymer A and a polymer B is a polyhydroxyalkanoate polymer having a melting point of 150° C. or higher, A pellet, wherein an image observed by a scanning electron microscope of a cross section including the center of the pellet and parallel to the axis of the pellet satisfies the following requirements (1) and (2).
- Requirement (1) The olefin polymer A is a dispersed phase, and the polymer B is a continuous phase.
- the content of the olefin polymer A is 1 to 49 parts by mass, and the content of the polymer B is 51 parts by mass.
- MFR (A) be the melt mass flow rate of the olefin polymer A measured at a temperature of 190°C and a load of 2.16 kgf, and the above weight measured at a temperature of 190°C and a load of 2.16 kgf.
- MFR (B) melt mass flow rate of coalescence B
- a method for producing pellets containing an olefin polymer A and a polymer B comprising:
- the polymer B is a polyhydroxyalkanoate polymer having a melting point of 150° C. or higher, A scanning electron microscope observation image of a cross section including the center of the pellet and parallel to the axis of the pellet satisfies the following requirements (1) and (2),
- a method for producing pellets comprising a step of melt-kneading the olefin polymer A and the polymer B at a temperature of 150 to 210°C.
- the olefin polymer A is a dispersed phase
- the polymer B is a continuous phase.
- Requirement (2) Three or more dispersed phases of the olefin polymer A whose length in the axial direction of the pellet is 5 ⁇ m or more are observed within an observation area of 1200 ⁇ m 2 .
- MFR (A) be the melt mass flow rate of the olefin polymer A measured at a temperature of 190°C and a load of 2.16 kgf, and the above-mentioned weight measured at a temperature of 190°C and a load of 2.16 kgf.
- MFR(A)/MFR(B) is 1.5 or more.
- a method for producing a composition comprising a step of melt-kneading pellets and olefin polymer C at a temperature of 150 to 210°C,
- the pellets include an olefin polymer A and a polymer B,
- the polymer B is a polyhydroxyalkanoate polymer having a melting point of 150° C. or higher
- a method for producing a composition wherein an image observed by a scanning electron microscope of a cross section including the center of the pellet and parallel to the axis of the pellet satisfies the following requirements (1) and (2).
- Requirement (1) The olefin polymer A is a dispersed phase, and the polymer B is a continuous phase.
- Requirement (2) Three or more dispersed phases of the olefin polymer A whose length in the axial direction of the pellet is 5 ⁇ m or more are observed within an observation area of 1200 ⁇ m 2 .
- MFR (A) be the melt mass flow rate of the olefin polymer A measured at a temperature of 190°C and a load of 2.16 kgf
- the above-mentioned weight measured at a temperature of 190°C and a load of 2.16 kgf is Assuming the melt mass flow rate of coalescence B as MFR (B), The method for producing a composition according to [7], wherein MFR(A)/MFR(B) is 1.5 or more.
- the pellets include an olefin polymer A and a polymer B,
- the polymer B is a polyhydroxyalkanoate polymer having a melting point of 150° C. or higher,
- the olefin polymer A is a dispersed phase
- the polymer B is a continuous phase.
- Requirement (2) Three or more dispersed phases of the olefin polymer A whose length in the axial direction of the pellet is 5 ⁇ m or more are observed within an observation area of 1200 ⁇ m 2 .
- MFR (A) be the melt mass flow rate of the olefin polymer A measured at a temperature of 190°C and a load of 2.16 kgf, and the above-mentioned weight measured at a temperature of 190°C and a load of 2.16 kgf is As the melt mass flow rate MFR (B) of coalescence B,
- MFR(A)/MFR(B) is 1.5 or more.
- a composition comprising an olefin polymer A and a polymer B,
- the polymer B is a polyhydroxyalkanoate polymer having a melting point of 150° C. or higher
- the composition is melt-kneaded at 180°C to obtain a molten strand, the molten strand is cooled and solidified, and the observed image of the cross section of the pellet obtained by cutting the solidified strand meets the following requirements ( A composition that satisfies 1) and requirement (2).
- the olefin polymer A is a dispersed phase
- the polymer B is a continuous phase.
- Requirement (2) Three or more dispersed phases of the olefin polymer A whose length in the axial direction of the pellet is 5 ⁇ m or more are observed within an observation area of 1200 ⁇ m 2 .
- the cross section of the pellet is a cross section that includes the center of the pellet and is parallel to the axis of the pellet, and the observed image is an observed image of a scanning electron microscope.
- pellets and the like that can be stably produced are provided.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a columnar pellet according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a cross section CS of the pellet shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a scanning electron micrograph of a cross section CS of a pellet.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a columnar pellet according to another embodiment.
- the pellet according to this embodiment is a pellet containing an olefin polymer A and a polymer B,
- the polymer B is a polyhydroxyalkanoate polymer having a melting point of 150° C. or higher,
- a scanning electron microscope observation image of a cross section including the center of the pellet and parallel to the axis of the pellet satisfies the following requirements (1) and (2).
- Requirement (1) The olefin polymer A is a dispersed phase, and the polymer B is a continuous phase.
- Requirement (2) Three or more dispersed phases of the olefin polymer A whose length in the axial direction of the pellet is 5 ⁇ m or more are observed within an observation area of 1200 ⁇ m 2 .
- FIG. 1 shows an example of the shape of the pellet 10.
- the pellet 10 of this embodiment can have a columnar shape.
- the columnar pellet 10 includes two end surfaces 10a and 10b, and a cylindrical circumferential surface 10c connecting these end surfaces.
- the typical shape of pellet 10 is cylindrical, as shown in FIG.
- a line connecting the center 10ac of the end surface 10a and the center 10bc of the end surface 10b is defined as the axis AX of the columnar shape of the pellet.
- the center means the geometric center.
- the length L of the axis AX of the columnar shape of the pellet 10 can be 1 to 20 mm.
- the diameter D of a cross section of the pellet perpendicular to the axis AX can be 1 to 10 mm.
- the cross-sectional shape of the pellet 10 perpendicular to the axis AX may not be a circle, and in this case, the diameter D is the circle-equivalent diameter of the cross-sectional area.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a scanning electron micrograph of the cross section CS.
- the location of the observed image in the cross section CS is preferably near the center GC of the pellet 10. That is, the location of the observation image in the radial direction of the cross section CS is based on the radius 1/2 D of the pellet, and the radial coordinates are 0 to ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ (1 /2 ⁇ D) is preferable.
- the location of the observed image in the axial direction of the cross section CS can be located within the range of 0 to ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ L with the axial coordinates of the center GC as the origin, based on the axial length L of the pellet. suitable.
- Olefin polymer A is a dispersed phase
- polymer B is a continuous phase.
- the pellet has a sea-island structure in which the polymer B is the continuous phase (sea area) and the olefin polymer A is the dispersed phase (island area).
- Requirement (2) Three or more dispersed phases of the olefin polymer A whose length in the axial direction of the pellet is 5 ⁇ m or more are observed within an observation area of 1200 ⁇ m 2 .
- the number of dispersed phases may be 5 or more, 7 or more, 10 or more, 15 or more, or 20 or more. There is no particular upper limit to the number of dispersed phases, but it may be 100 or less, or 50 or less.
- This dispersed phase has an aspect ratio L'/D' defined as the ratio of the axial length L' to the length D' perpendicular to the axis AX of 2 or more, preferably 3 or more, More preferably it is 5 or more.
- the elongated dispersed phase of the olefin polymer A can support the strand in the state of the strand extruded from the die, and the strand can be supported before cooling. Cutting and winding of the strand after cooling can be suppressed.
- olefin polymer A is preferably 1 to 49 parts by mass
- the content of polymer B is preferably 51 to 99 parts by mass.
- the content of olefinic polymer A can be 2 to 40 parts by mass and the content of polymer B can be 60 to 98 parts by mass, and the content of olefinic polymer A can be 3 to 35 parts by mass and polymer
- the content of B can be 65 to 97 parts by mass
- the content of olefin polymer A can be 5 to 30 parts by mass
- the content of polymer B can be 70 to 95 parts by mass.
- the total ratio of olefin polymer A and polymer B to the entire pellet can be 50% by mass or more, preferably 60% by mass or more, and preferably 70% by mass or more. It is even more suitable.
- MFR (A) is the melt mass flow rate of olefin polymer A measured in pellets at a temperature of 190°C and a load of 2.16 kgf
- MFR (A) is the melt mass flow rate of olefin polymer A measured at a temperature of 190°C and a load of 2.16 kgf.
- MFR(B) is 1.5 or more.
- MFR(A)/MFR(B) may be 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, 5 or more, 5.5 or more, or 6 or more. There is no upper limit for MFR(A)/MFR(B), but it may be 200 or less, or 100 or less.
- the olefin polymer A is a polymer containing 50% by mass or more of a structural unit derived from an olefin having 2 or more and 10 or less carbon atoms (however, the total amount of the olefin polymer is 100% by mass).
- olefins having 2 to 10 carbon atoms include ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, isobutene, 1-pentene, 2-methyl-1-butene, 3-methyl-1-butene, 2-methyl-1-pentene. , 3-methyl-1-pentene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-nonene, 1-decene, 1-undecene, and 1-dodecene.
- the olefin polymer A may contain a structural unit derived from a monomer other than olefin having 2 or more and 10 or less carbon atoms.
- monomers other than olefins having 2 to 10 carbon atoms include aromatic vinyl monomers such as styrene; unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylic acid and methacrylic acid; methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, and acrylic acid.
- Unsaturated carboxylic acid esters such as butyl, methyl methacrylate, and ethyl methacrylate; vinyl ester compounds such as vinyl acetate; conjugated dienes such as 1,3-butadiene and 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene (isoprene); and These are non-conjugated dienes such as dicyclopentadiene and 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene.
- the olefin polymer A can be at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene polymers, propylene polymers, and butene polymers, and can be a combination of any two or more of these. There may be.
- An ethylene copolymer is a polymer containing 50% by mass or more of structural units derived from ethylene, and examples thereof include ethylene homopolymer, ethylene-1-butene copolymer, and ethylene-1-hexene copolymer. These are polymers, ethylene-1-octene copolymer, and ethylene-1-butene-1-hexene copolymer.
- the ethylene copolymer may be a combination of two or more ethylene copolymers.
- the ethylene copolymer may be an olefin elastomer having a monomer unit derived from an ⁇ -olefin having 3 to 20 carbon atoms and a monomer unit derived from ethylene.
- the content of monomer units derived from ethylene in the olefin elastomer is preferably 10 to 85% by weight (provided that the total weight of the olefin elastomer is 100% by weight).
- ⁇ -olefins having 3 to 20 carbon atoms include propylene, 1-butene, isobutene, 1-pentene, 2-methyl-1-butene, 3-methyl-1-butene, 1-hexene, 2-methyl-1 -pentene, 3-methyl-1-pentene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 1-octene, 1-nonene, 1-decene, 1-undecene, and 1-dodecene, preferably propylene, 1- butene, 1-hexene, or 1-octene.
- olefin elastomers examples include ethylene-propylene copolymer elastomer, ethylene-1-butene copolymer elastomer, ethylene-1-hexene copolymer elastomer, and ethylene-1-octene copolymer elastomer.
- olefin elastomer only one type may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- Polymer B may be a mixture of an olefin elastomer and a propylene polymer.
- a propylene-based copolymer is a polymer containing 50% by mass or more of structural units derived from propylene, examples of which include propylene homopolymer, propylene-ethylene copolymer, and propylene-1-butene copolymer. , propylene-1-hexene copolymer, propylene-1-octene copolymer, propylene-ethylene-1-butene copolymer, propylene-ethylene-1-hexene copolymer, and propylene-ethylene-1-octene It is a copolymer.
- the propylene copolymer may be a combination of two or more propylene copolymers. It is preferable that the olefin polymer A is a propylene copolymer.
- a butene-based copolymer is a polymer containing 50% by mass or more of structural units derived from 1-butene, examples of which include 1-butene homopolymer, 1-butene-ethylene copolymer, 1-butene-based copolymer, and 1-butene-based copolymer.
- butene-propylene copolymer 1-butene-1-hexene copolymer, 1-butene-1-octene copolymer, 1-butene-ethylene-propylene copolymer, 1-butene-ethylene-1-hexene copolymer
- 1-butene-ethylene-1-octene copolymer 1-butene-propylene-1-hexene copolymer
- 1-butene-propylene-1-octene copolymer 1-butene-propylene-1-octene copolymer.
- the butene-based copolymer may be a combination of two or more types of butene-based copolymers.
- the above olefin polymer A can be produced using a known polymerization method using a known polymerization catalyst.
- the melt mass flow rate (MFR) of the olefin polymer A measured at 190° C. and a load of 2.16 kgf according to JIS K7210-2014 is preferably 0.1 g/10 minutes or more and 200 g/10 minutes or less.
- the melt mass flow rate (MFR) of the olefin polymer A may be 2 g/10 minutes or more, and may be 20 g/10 minutes or more.
- the melt mass flow rate (MFR) of the olefin polymer A may be 100 g/10 minutes or less, and may be 60 g/10 minutes or less.
- Polymer B is a polyhydroxyalkanoate polymer having a melting point of 150°C or higher.
- the polyhydroxyalkanoate polymer is a polyester of hydroxyalkanoic acid.
- hydroxyalkanoic acids are 2-hydroxyalkanoic acid, 3-hydroxyalkanoic acid, 4-hydroxyalkanoic acid.
- Examples of 2-hydroxyalkanoic acids are glycolic acid, lactic acid, and 2-hydroxybutyric acid.
- polyesters of 2-hydroxyalkanoic acids, ie, poly(2-hydroxyalkanoate)-based polymers, are polyglycolic acid and polylactic acid.
- 3-hydroxyalkanoic acids are 3-hydroxybutyric acid, 3-hydroxypropionic acid, 3-hydroxypentanoic acid, 3-hydroxyhexanoic acid.
- the polyester of 3-hydroxyalkanoic acid, that is, the poly(3-hydroxyalkanate)-based polymer will be described in detail later.
- 4-hydroxyalkanoic acids are 4-hydroxybutyric acid, 4-hydroxypentanoic acid, 4-hydroxyhexanoic acid.
- the polymer B may be a homopolymer of hydroxyalkanoic acid or a polymer of two or more types of hydroxyalkanoic acids.
- a poly(3-hydroxyalkanate) polymer is a polyhydroxyalkanoate, that is, a polyester of hydroxyalkanoic acid, and always contains a repeating unit of 3-hydroxyalkanate represented by formula (1).
- R is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, a cyano group, an amino group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 11 carbon atoms (alkyloxy group) ), an amide group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, or a monovalent heterocyclic group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms. These groups may have a substituent.
- R is an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an amide having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. or an aryl group having 6 to 8 carbon atoms.
- halogen atoms are F, Cl, Br, and I.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms may be linear or branched.
- the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group is preferably 1 to 8, more preferably 1 to 4.
- alkyl groups include methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, pentyl group, isopentyl group, 2-methylbutyl group, 1-methylbutyl group, Hexyl group, isohexyl group, 3-methylpentyl group, 2-methylpentyl group, 1-methylpentyl group, heptyl group, octyl group, isooctyl group, 2-ethylhexyl group, 3,7-dimethyloctyl group, nonyl group, decyl group group, undecyl group, dodecyl group, tetradecyl group, and
- Examples of the amino group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or 1 to 11 carbon atoms are an amino group, an alkylamino group, a dialkylamino group, an arylamino group, an alkylarylamino group, a benzylamino group, and a dibenzylamino group.
- alkylamino groups are methylamino, ethylamino, propylamino, butylamino, pentylamino, hexylamino, heptylamino, octylamino, nonylamino, decylamino, dodecylamino, isopropyl Amino group, isobutylamino group, isopentylamino group, sec-butylamino group, tert-butylamino group, sec-pentylamino group, tert-pentylamino group, tert-octylamino group, neopentylamino group, cyclopropylamino group group, cyclobutylamino group, cyclopentylamino group, cyclohexylamino group, cycloheptylamino group, cyclooctylamino group, 1-adamantamino group,
- dialkylamino groups are dimethylamino group, diethylamino group, dipropylamino group, dibutylamino group, dipentylamino group, diisopropylamino group, diisobutylamino group, diisopentylamino group, methylethylamino group, methylpropylamino group , methylbutylamino group, methylisobutylamino group, dicyclopropylamino group, pyrrolidino group, piperidino group, and piperazino group.
- arylamino group examples include anilino group, 1-naphthylamino group, 2-naphthylamino group, o-toluidino group, m-toluidino group, p-toluidino group, 1-fluorenamino group, 2-fluorenamino group, These are a 2-thiazole amino group and a p-terphenylamino group.
- alkylarylamino group examples include N-methylanilino group, N-ethylanilino group, N-propylanilino group, N-butylanilino group, N-isopropylanilino group, and N-pentylanilino group.
- alkoxy groups having 1 to 11 carbon atoms include methoxy group, ethoxy group, propoxy group, isopropoxy group, butoxy group, isobutoxy group, sec-butoxy group, tert-butoxy group, cyclopropoxy group, cyclobutoxy group, It is a cyclopentoxy group.
- Amide group means a group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom bonded to a nitrogen atom from a carboxylic acid amide.
- the organic group can be an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, or an aryl group, which may be substituted with a halogen atom.
- the amide group is preferably a formamide group, an acetamide group, a propionamide group, a butyroamide group, or a benzamide group.
- aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms examples include phenyl group, tolyl group, xylyl group, naphthyl group, and biphenyl group, and among them, phenyl group, tolyl group, and xylyl group are more preferable.
- heteroatoms in monovalent heterocyclic groups having 1 to 9 carbon atoms are N, O, and S, which may be saturated or unsaturated, and may be singular. may have a plurality of heteroatoms or different types of heteroatoms.
- heterocyclic groups include thienyl group, pyrrolyl group, furyl group, pyridyl group, piperidinyl group, quinolinyl group, isoquinolinyl group, pyrimidinyl group, triazinyl group, and thiazolyl group.
- the repeating unit of the polymer B may consist only of one or more 3-hydroxyalkanoates represented by the formula (1), one or more 3-hydroxyalkanoates represented by the formula (1), and may have one or more other hydroxyalkanoates.
- Polymer B preferably contains 50 mol% or more of the 3-hydroxyalkanoate repeating unit represented by formula (1) based on the total hydroxyalkanoate repeating units (100 mol%), more preferably 70 mol% or more. It is mol% or more.
- 3-hydroxybutyrate hereinafter sometimes referred to as 3HB
- 3-hydroxyvalerate hereinafter sometimes referred to as 3HV
- n 2
- 3-hydroxypropionate where R is a hydrogen atom.
- poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as P3HB).
- polymer B having only multiple types of repeating units represented by formula (1) is poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as P3HB3HH). ), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as P3HB3HV), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxypropionate (hereinafter referred to as P3HB3HP) ).
- hydroxyalkanoates other than the 3-hydroxyalkanoate represented by formula (1) include repeating units represented by formula (2) (wherein R 1 is a hydrogen atom or C n H 2n+1 In the alkyl group, n is an integer of 1 to 15, and m is an integer of 2 to 10.
- polymer B containing repeating units of formulas (1) and (2) is poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) (eg, the following formula (P3HB4HB)).
- the repeating unit of polymer B contains at least 3-hydroxybutyrate among the 3-hydroxyalkanoates represented by formula (1).
- Polymer B preferably contains 3-hydroxybutyrate repeating units in an amount of 50 mol% or more, more preferably 70 mol% or more, based on the total hydroxyalkanoate repeating units (100 mol%).
- Polymer B may have two or more types of ester repeating units, for example, as described above, a di-polymer having two types of repeating units, a tri-copolymer having three types of repeating units, and It may also be a tetra-copolymer having various repeating units.
- an example of a tri-copolymer is poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (hereinafter sometimes written as (P3HB3HV3HH)). .
- polymer B preferably contains 3-hydroxybutyrate among the 3-hydroxyalkanoate repeating units represented by formula (1).
- the ratio XX of 3-hydroxybutyrate repeating units to 100 moles of all hydroxyalkanoate ester repeating units is preferably 90 mol% or more, more preferably 95 mol% or more, 98. More preferably, it is 0 mol% or more.
- the ratio XX is usually 100 mol% or less, preferably 99.9 mol% or less, and preferably 99.8 mol% or less.
- the copolymer may be arranged in any manner such as a random copolymer, an alternating copolymer, a block copolymer, or a graft copolymer.
- Polymer B may have other ester repeating units other than formulas (1) and (2), but the main chain of the other ester repeating units does not include an aromatic hydrocarbon structure. That is, polymer B is an aliphatic polyester. However, it is possible that a group having an aromatic hydrocarbon group is bonded to the main chain carbon of the other ester repeating unit.
- composition ratio of repeating units in polymer B is L. Tripathi. ,M. C. Factories, 11, 44 (2012), it can be calculated from NMR measurement results such as 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR.
- the polymer B may be a blend of two or more polyhydroxyalkanoate polymers.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polymer B can be from 10,000 to 1,000,000, preferably from 20,000 to 800,000, and more preferably from 30,000 to 600,000.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is measured by GPC using standard polystyrene as a molecular weight standard substance.
- Polymer B is a thermoplastic resin and is preferably crystalline.
- the melt mass flow rate (MFR (B)) of polymer B measured at a temperature of 190°C and a load of 2.16 kgf is preferably 0.1 g/10 minutes or more and 200 g/10 minutes or less It is.
- MFR (B) may be 1 g/10 minutes or more, 3 g/10 minutes or more, 5 g/10 minutes or more, or 7 g/10 minutes or more.
- MFR (B) may be 150 g/10 minutes or less, 100 g/10 minutes or less, 70 g/100 minutes or less, 50 g/100 minutes or less, 30 g/100 minutes or less, or 20 g/100 minutes or less.
- the melting point (Tm) of Polymer B is 150°C or higher, and may be 155°C or higher, 160°C or higher, 165°C or higher, 170°C or higher, or 175°C or higher.
- the melting point (Tm) of polymer B can be 220°C or lower, may be 200°C or lower, or may be 190°C or lower.
- the melting point (Tm) of Polymer B is measured by the position of the main peak based on crystal melting determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurement in accordance with JIS K7121.
- the polyhydroxyalkanoate polymer may be produced by microorganisms, or may be derived from compounds derived from petroleum or plant materials (such as cyclic lactones).
- Polyhydroxyalkanoate-based polymers may consist of only D-form (R-form) repeating units of hydroxyalkanate, such as those produced from microorganisms, but may also contain D-form (R-form) and L-form (S
- the repeating unit of the hydroxyalkanoate may include both the D-form (R-form) and the L-form (S-form), such as one derived from a mixture of the D-form (R-form) and the L-form (S-form).
- the repeating unit of formula (1) can be expressed as shown in the following formula. (BI-1)
- n represents the degree of polymerization.
- poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate) produced from microorganisms has the following structure.
- (BI-2) In the formula, n represents the degree of polymerization.
- poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) produced from microorganisms has the following structure.
- (BI-3) In the formula, m and n represent the degree of polymerization.
- poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) produced from microorganisms has the following structure.
- (BI-4) In the formula, m and n represent the degree of polymerization.
- Polymer B can be biodegradable.
- poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate)-based polymers are made from Alcaligenes eutrophus AC32 strain (International Deposit under the Budapest Treaty, International Deposit Authority: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Patented Organism Depositary Center (Central 6, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan), original deposit date: August 12, 1996, transferred on August 7, 1997, accession number FERMBP-6038 ( It can be produced by microorganisms such as (transferred from original deposit FERMP-15786) (J. Bacteriol., 179, 4821 (1997)).
- composition may contain additives as necessary.
- Additives include stabilizers, antibacterial agents, antifungal agents, dispersants, plasticizers, flame retardants, tackifiers, colorants, metal powders, organic powders, inorganic fibers, organic fibers, and organic and inorganic composite fibers. , inorganic whiskers, and fillers.
- stabilizers are selected from the group consisting of lubricants, anti-aging agents, antioxidants, heat stabilizers, light stabilizers, weather stabilizers, metal deactivators, ultraviolet absorbers, light stabilizers, and copper inhibitors.
- lubricants include lubricants, anti-aging agents, antioxidants, heat stabilizers, light stabilizers, weather stabilizers, metal deactivators, ultraviolet absorbers, light stabilizers, and copper inhibitors.
- lubricants include antioxidants, heat stabilizers, light stabilizers, weather stabilizers, metal deactivators, ultraviolet absorbers, light stabilizers, and copper inhibitors.
- An example of the colorant is at least one selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide, carbon black, and organic pigments.
- An example of a metal powder is iron oxide, such as ferrite.
- organic powders are proteins, polyesters (excluding polyhydroxyalkanoate polymers), aromatic polyamides, cellulose, and vinylon.
- inorganic fibers are glass fibers and metal fibers.
- organic fibers are carbon fibers and aramid fibers.
- An example of an inorganic whisker is potassium titanate whisker.
- fillers include glass powder such as glass beads, glass balloons, and glass flakes, silicate minerals, alumina, magnesium oxide, antimony oxide, barium ferrite, strontium ferrite, beryllium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, basic Magnesium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, carbonate minerals, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, basic magnesium sulfate, calcium sulfite, cadmium sulfide, asbestos, mica, calcium carbonate, talc, silica, calcium silicate, hydrotalcite, kaolin, diatom It is at least one selected from the group consisting of soil, graphite, pumice, evo powder, cotton flock, cork powder, barium sulfate, fluororesin, cellulose powder, and wood flour.
- glass powder such as glass beads, glass balloons, and glass flakes, silicate minerals, alumina, magnesium oxide, antimony oxide, barium ferrite, strontium ferrite, beryllium oxide
- the additive is a particle
- it there is no limitation on its shape, and it may be plate-like, needle-like, or fibrous.
- inorganic additives are preferred, and talc, which is a plate-shaped silicate mineral, is more preferred.
- the composition may contain only one kind of the above-mentioned additives, or may contain a combination of two or more kinds.
- the additive may be contained in either olefin polymer A or polymer B.
- the additive may form a dispersed phase separate from the polymer B in the continuous phase of the olefin polymer A.
- the curve of loss modulus E'' against temperature of the composition determined by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) may have multiple peaks (for example, two peaks), but it is preferable that there is one peak (single peak). suitable.
- a measurement sample with a thickness of 0.3 mm cut out into a strip shape is heated stepwise at a heating rate of 2°C/min from a measurement temperature of -150°C at a measurement frequency of 5Hz and in a tensile measurement mode. This can be done by measuring until the sample melts and becomes unmeasurable. The strain was maintained within a range of 0.1% or less.
- the temperature of the peak corresponds to the glass transition temperature Tg.
- the glass transition temperature Tg of the composition can be from -70°C to 150°C.
- the thickness of the skin portion 10S may be 0.1 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the skin portion 10S may be 1 to 10% of the radius D/2 of the pellet.
- the core portion 10C has the above-mentioned sea-island structure as shown in FIG. (1) and (2) are satisfied.
- the olefin polymer A is the continuous phase and the polymer B is the dispersed phase.
- the content of polymer B is 1 to 49 parts by mass, and the content of olefin polymer A is 51 to 99 parts by mass, based on a total of 100 parts by mass of olefin polymer A and polymer B. It may be parts by mass.
- composition of the entire pellet can be the same as described in the embodiment without the skin portion.
- pellets 10 have such a skin layer, it may be possible to suppress roughness and stickiness of the surfaces of the strands and pellets.
- the pellet manufacturing method according to this embodiment is the above-mentioned pellet manufacturing method.
- This production method includes the step of melt-kneading the olefin polymer A and the polymer B at a temperature of 150 to 210°C.
- all of the olefin polymer A and polymer B may be melt-kneaded at once, or a part of the olefin polymer A and polymer B may be melt-kneaded to obtain a pre-kneaded product, and then Then, the remaining portions of olefin polymer A and polymer B may be added to the pre-kneaded mixture and further melt-kneaded to obtain a composition.
- This embodiment further includes a step of extruding the composition obtained by melt-kneading through a die to obtain a strand, a step of cooling and solidifying the strand, and a step of cutting the solidified strand.
- Another embodiment includes a step of extruding the composition obtained by melt-kneading through a die to obtain a strand, and a step of cutting the strand while cooling it.
- the strands may be solidified by contact with water, or the strands may be solidified by contact with a gas such as air on a belt or the like.
- cooling device As for the die, cooling device, and cutting device, known ones can be used.
- the mass ratio of olefin polymer A and polymer B in the composition is such that the content of olefin polymer A is 1 to 49 parts by mass with respect to a total of 100 parts by mass of olefin polymer A and polymer B.
- the content of the polymer B is 51 to 99 parts by mass, the sea-island structure described above can be easily provided. Further, by setting MFR(A)/MFR(B) in the composition to 1.5 or more, it is easy to provide the above structure.
- MFR(A)/MFR(B) in the composition By setting MFR(A)/MFR(B) in the composition to 1.5 or more, pellets having skin portions can be easily produced.
- composition suitable for pellet production is a composition containing an olefin polymer A and a polymer B.
- Polymer B is a polyhydroxyalkanoate polymer having a melting point of 150°C or higher. This composition is melt-kneaded at 180°C to obtain a molten strand, the molten strand is cooled and solidified, and the solidified strand is cut to obtain, for example, an observed image of a cross section of a columnar pellet. , satisfies requirement (1) and requirement (2).
- Requirement (2) Three or more dispersed phases whose length in the axial direction of the pellet is 5 ⁇ m or more are observed within an observation area of 1200 ⁇ m 2 .
- the cross section of the pellet is a cross section that includes the center of the pellet and is parallel to the axis of the pellet, and the observed image is an observed image of a scanning electron microscope.
- the composition according to the present embodiment is a composition that produces the above-mentioned columnar pellets by melt-kneading to obtain molten strands, cooling and solidifying the molten strands, and cutting the solidified strands. It is. Therefore, the composition of this embodiment does not need to have the shape of a columnar pellet, nor does it need to have a cross-sectional structure that satisfies requirements (1) and (2).
- compositions include a mixture of olefin polymer A powder and polymer B powder, and spherical pellets of a composition containing olefin polymer A and polymer B.
- composition of this composition can be the same as the composition of the pellets described above.
- the method for producing a composition (compound) according to the present embodiment includes the step of melt-kneading the above pellets and olefin polymer C at a temperature of 150 to 210° C. to obtain composition Y.
- olefin polymer C examples include those listed for the olefin polymer A above.
- the olefin polymer A and the olefin polymer C in the pellets may be the same or different.
- Composition Y may contain additives as appropriate.
- the additive may be derived from the pellets, or may be added separately from the pellets. Examples of the additive include those mentioned above.
- the method for producing a molded article according to the present embodiment includes the steps of mixing the above pellets and olefin polymer C to obtain a mixture, and molding the mixture.
- the step of molding the mixture is a step of supplying the mixture to a raw material supply port of a molding machine, and molding the mixture with the molding machine to produce a molded body.
- a mixture obtained by mixing the pellets and olefin polymer C outside the molding machine may be supplied to the raw material supply port of the molding machine.
- the pellets and the olefin polymer C may be supplied to a raw material supply port of a molding machine using independent feeders, and the pellets and the olefin polymer C may be mixed at the raw material supply port.
- olefin polymer C examples include those listed for the olefin polymer A above.
- the olefin polymer A and the olefin polymer C in the pellets may be the same or different.
- the mixing ratio of the pellets and the olefin polymer C is not particularly limited, and can be adjusted as appropriate so that the composition of the polymer B in the resulting composition has a desired value.
- the mixture may contain additives as appropriate.
- the additive may be derived from the pellets, may be added separately from the pellets, or may be derived from the olefin polymer C. Examples of the additive include those mentioned above.
- the pellets and the olefin polymer C may be mixed in a solid state rather than in a molten state.
- the temperature at which the pellets and the olefin polymer C are mixed can be room temperature.
- the temperature during molding can be 150 to 230°C.
- known resin molding methods such as injection molding, extrusion molding, vacuum molding, pressure molding, press molding, foam molding, blow molding, and rotational molding can be used. There are no particular limitations on the shape of the molded product obtained.
- the above molded body can be widely used as a resin material.
- composition of the present invention include exterior parts, furniture and interior decoration parts, house parts, toy parts, gardening parts, automobile parts, and packaging materials.
- External structure members include, for example, carport members, fence members, gate members, gatepost members, post members, cycle port members, deck members, sunroom members, roof members, terrace members, handrail members, shade members, awning members, etc.
- Furniture and interior decoration members include, for example, sofa members, table members, chair members, bed members, chest of drawers, cab net members, dresser members, etc.
- home appliance members include, for example, watch members and mobile phones.
- Examples of toy parts include plastic model parts, diorama parts, and video game main body parts.
- gardening parts include planter parts, vase parts, and flower pot parts.
- Examples of automobile parts include bumper materials, instrument panel materials, and airbag cover materials
- examples of packaging materials include food packaging materials, textile packaging materials, and miscellaneous goods packaging materials.
- other uses include, for example, monitor parts, office automation (OA) equipment parts, medical parts, drainage pans, toiletry parts, bottles, containers, snow removal equipment parts, and various construction parts.
- OA office automation
- Olefin polymer (A-1) propylene homopolymer
- a propylene homopolymer (A-1) as an olefin polymer was produced by a liquid phase-gas phase polymerization method using a polymerization catalyst obtained by the method described in Example 1 of JP-A-2004-182981. .
- the physical properties were as follows. ⁇ Melt flow rate (190°C, load 2.16kgf): 51g/10 minutes
- Olefin polymer (A-2) propylene homopolymer
- a propylene homopolymer (A-2) as an olefin polymer was produced by a liquid phase-gas phase polymerization method using a polymerization catalyst obtained by the method described in Example 1 of JP-A-2004-182981. .
- the physical properties were as follows. ⁇ Melt flow rate (190°C, load 2.16kgf): 1.0g/10 minutes
- Example 1 10 parts by weight of olefin polymer (A-1), 90 parts by weight of polymer (B-1), 0.2 parts by weight of "IRGANOX1010” as additives, 0.2 parts by weight of "IRGAFOS168", After weighing 2.0 parts by weight of ⁇ Carbosista TCC-NP'', all the ingredients were mixed, and using a two-screw kneader Laboplast Mill with a screw diameter of 20 mm manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisakusho, the barrel temperature was set at 180°C and the screw The mixture was kneaded at a rotation speed of 90 rpm, and the molten strand extruded from the die hole was immersed in a cooling water tank to cool and solidify, and then cut with a pelletizer to obtain pellets of the composition. The pellet had a cylindrical shape, with an axial length L of 3.4 mm and a diameter D of 1.9 mm. The MFR of the obtained pellets (composition) was 5.7
- Example 2 10 parts by weight of olefin polymer (A-1), 90 parts by weight of polymer (B-2), 0.2 parts by weight of "Sumilizer GA80” as additives, 0.2 parts by weight of "IRGAFOS168", After weighing 0.5 parts by weight of "Carbosista TCC-NP”, all the ingredients were mixed, and using a single screw kneader with a screw diameter of 40 mm manufactured by Tanabe Plastic Machinery, the barrel temperature was 180°C and the screw rotation speed was The mixture was kneaded at 35 rpm, and the molten strand extruded from the die hole was immersed in a cooling water tank to cool and solidify, and then cut with a pelletizer to obtain pellets of the composition.
- the motor load during operation was 16A.
- the pellet had a cylindrical shape, an axial length L of 3.4 mm, and a diameter D of 2.0 mm.
- the MFR of the obtained pellets (composition) was 3.7 g/10 minutes.
- the motor load during operation was 21A. Stickiness was confirmed on the surface of the strand.
- the strands were soft and sometimes wound around the guide rolls of the pelletizer.
- the strand (pellet) had a cylindrical shape, the axial length L was 3.6 mm, and the diameter D was 2.5 mm.
- the MFR of the obtained composition was 3.0 g/10 minutes.
- the MFR of the obtained composition was 5.5 g/10 minutes.
- Example preparation method The pellets of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were each embedded in an epoxy resin, and a cross section including the axis AX and the center GC of the pellet shown in FIG. 2 was formed using an ultramicrotome, and then embedded in RuO 4 .
- the cross sections were stained at 60°C for 1.5 hours. After staining, a cross section was formed again using an ultramicrotome, and then Pt-Pd vapor deposition was performed on the cross section.
- Example 1 (equipment/conditions) In Example 1, observation was performed using the following equipment and conditions.
- a backscattered electron image of the cross section taken with a scanning electron microscope had an area of 400 ⁇ m 2 .
- a backscattered electron image was observed, and the number of dispersed phases (islands) of olefin polymer A oriented to a length of 5 ⁇ m or more was counted. This was done for three backscattered electron images whose observation fields did not overlap, and the number of dispersed phases of olefin polymer A oriented to a length of 5 ⁇ m or more in an area of 1200 ⁇ m 2 was determined from the total number.
- the arithmetic mean of the aspect ratios of the dispersed phases was also determined. Note that the dispersed phase was defined as the aspect ratio L'/D' defined as the ratio of the axial length L' to the length D' perpendicular to the axis AX of 2 or more.
- Examples 1 and 2 which satisfied Requirements 1 and 2, breakage of the strands and winding of the strands around the guide rolls were suppressed, and stable production of pellets was possible. Moreover, in Examples 1 and 2, a skin layer in which the dispersed phase was Polymer B and the continuous phase was Olefin-based Polymer A was confirmed on the peripheral surfaces of the pellets and strands. In Examples 1 and 2, neither strand surface roughness nor stickiness was observed.
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Abstract
Description
前記重合体Bは150℃以上の融点を有するポリヒドロキシアルカノエート系重合体であり、
前記ペレットの中心を含み、かつ、前記ペレットの軸に平行な断面の、走査型電子顕微鏡の観察像が、下記要件(1)及び要件(2)を満たす、ペレット。
要件(1):前記オレフィン系重合体Aが分散相であり、前記重合体Bが連続相である。
要件(2):観察面積1200μm2の中に、前記ペレットの軸方向の長さが5μm以上である前記オレフィン系重合体Aの分散相が3個以上観察される。
MFR(A)/MFR(B)が1.5以上である、[1]または[2]に記載のペレット。
前記重合体Bは150℃以上の融点を有するポリヒドロキシアルカノエート系重合体であり、
前記ペレットの中心を含み、かつ、前記ペレットの軸に平行な断面の、走査型電子顕微鏡の観察像が、下記要件(1)及び要件(2)を満たし、
前記オレフィン系重合体Aと、前記重合体Bとを、150~210℃の温度で溶融混練する工程を含む、ペレットの製造方法。
要件(1):前記オレフィン系重合体Aが分散相であり、前記重合体Bが連続相である。
要件(2):観察面積1200μm2の中に、前記ペレットの軸方向の長さが5μm以上である前記オレフィン系重合体Aの分散相が3個以上観察される。
MFR(A)/MFR(B)が1.5以上である、[5]
に記載のペレットの製造方法。
前記ペレットは、オレフィン系重合体Aと、重合体Bと、を含み、
前記重合体Bは150℃以上の融点を有するポリヒドロキシアルカノエート系重合体であり、
前記ペレットの中心を含み、かつ、前記ペレットの軸に平行な断面の、走査型電子顕微鏡の観察像が、下記要件(1)及び要件(2)を満たす、組成物の製造方法。
要件(1):前記オレフィン系重合体Aが分散相であり、前記重合体Bが連続相である。
要件(2):観察面積1200μm2の中に、前記ペレットの軸方向の長さが5μm以上である前記オレフィン系重合体Aの分散相が3個以上観察される。
MFR(A)/MFR(B)が1.5以上である、[7]に記載の組成物の製造方法。
前記混合物を成形する工程と、を含む、成形体の製造方法であって、
前記ペレットは、オレフィン系重合体Aと、重合体Bと、を含み、
前記重合体Bは150℃以上の融点を有するポリヒドロキシアルカノエート系重合体であり、
前記ペレットの中心を含み、かつ、前記ペレットの軸に平行な断面の、走査型電子顕微鏡の観察像が、下記要件(1)及び要件(2)を満たす、成形体の製造方法。
要件(1):前記オレフィン系重合体Aが分散相であり、前記重合体Bが連続相である。
要件(2):観察面積1200μm2の中に、前記ペレットの軸方向の長さが5μm以上である前記オレフィン系重合体Aの分散相が3個以上観察される。
MFR(A)/MFR(B)が1.5以上である、請求項9に記載の成形体の製造方法。
前記重合体Bは150℃以上の融点を有するポリヒドロキシアルカノエート系重合体であり、
前記組成物を180℃で溶融混練して溶融状態のストランドを得、前記溶融状態のストランドを冷却して固化し、固化したストランドを切断して得られるペレットの断面の観察像が、下記要件(1)及び要件(2)を満たす、組成物。
要件(1):前記オレフィン系重合体Aが分散相であり、前記重合体Bが連続相である。
要件(2):観察面積1200μm2の中に、前記ペレットの軸方向の長さが5μm以上である前記オレフィン系重合体Aの分散相が3個以上観察される。
(ただし、前記ペレットの断面は、前記ペレットの中心を含み、かつ、前記ペレットの軸に平行な断面であり、観察像は走査型電子顕微鏡の観察像である。)
本態様にかかるペレットは、オレフィン系重合体Aと、重合体Bと、を含むペレットであって、
前記重合体Bは150℃以上の融点を有するポリヒドロキシアルカノエート系重合体であり、
前記ペレットの中心を含み、かつ、前記ペレットの軸に平行な断面の、走査型電子顕微鏡の観察像が、下記要件(1)及び要件(2)を満たす。
要件(1):前記オレフィン系重合体Aが分散相であり、前記重合体Bが連続相である。
要件(2):観察面積1200μm2の中に、前記ペレットの軸方向の長さが5μm以上である前記オレフィン系重合体Aの分散相が3個以上観察される。
図1にペレット10の形状の一例を示す。本実施形態のペレット10は柱状形状を有することができる。柱状形状のペレット10は、2つの端面10a,10bと、これらの端面を接続する筒状の周面10cと、を備える。ペレット10の典型的な形状は、図1に示すように円柱状である。
図2に示すように、ペレット10の中心GCを含み、かつ、ペレットの軸AXに平行な断面CSの、走査型電子顕微鏡の観察像が、下記要件(1)及び要件(2)を満たす。なお、本明細書において、中心とは、幾何中心を意味する。図3に、断面CSの走査型電子顕微鏡写真の模式図を示す。断面CSにおける観察像の場所は、ペレット10の中心GCの近傍であることが好適である。すなわち、断面CSの径方向における観察像の場所は、ペレットの半径1/2・Dを基準として、径方向の座標が軸AXを中心軸(原点)として、0~±0.5×(1/2・D)の範囲内に位置することが好適である。断面CSの軸方向における観察像の場所は、ペレットの軸方向長さLを基準として、軸方向の座標が中心GCを原点として、0~±0.5×Lの範囲内に位置することが好適である。
この分散相は、軸AXに直交する方向の長さD’に対する、軸方向長さL’の比で定義されるアスペクト比L’/D’が2以上であり、好ましくは3以上であり、より好ましくは5以上である。
MFR(A)/MFR(B)が1.5以上であることが好適である。MFR(A)/MFR(B)は、2以上でもよく、3以上でもよく、4以上でもよく、5以上でもよく、5.5以上でもよく、6以上でもよい。MFR(A)/MFR(B)の上限もないが、200以下でもよく、100以下でもよい。
オレフィン系重合体Aとは、炭素原子数2以上10以下のオレフィンに由来する構造単位を50質量%以上含有する重合体である(ただし、オレフィン系重合体の全量を100質量%とする)。炭素原子数2以上10以下のオレフィンの例は、エチレン、プロピレン、1-ブテン、イソブテン、1-ペンテン、2-メチル-1-ブテン、3-メチル-1-ブテン、2-メチル-1-ペンテン、3-メチル-1-ペンテン、4-メチル-1-ペンテン、1-ヘキセン、1-オクテン、1-ノネン、1-デセン、1-ウンデセン、1-ドデセンである。
重合体Bは150℃以上の融点を有するポリヒドロキシアルカノエート系重合体である。
組成物は、必要に応じて、添加剤を含んでもよい。添加剤としては、安定剤、防菌剤、防黴剤、分散剤、可塑剤、難燃剤、粘着付与剤、着色剤、金属粉末、有機粉末、無機繊維、有機繊維、有機及び無機の複合繊維、無機ウィスカー、及び、充填剤からなる群から選択される少なくとも一種であることができる。
上記実施形態では、ペレットの断面CSの海島構造(モルフォロジー)が全体的に均一である例を開示したが、ペレット10は、図4に示すように、コア部10Cと、コア部10Cの周囲に設けられてコア部10Cとは組成の異なる筒状のスキン部10Sとを有していてもよい。スキン部10Sの外周面はペレット10の表面に露出している。
本実施形態に係るペレットの製造方法は、上記のペレットの製造方法である。
また、組成物におけるMFR(A)/MFR(B)を1.5以上とすることにより、上記の構造を持たせやすい。
本実施形態に係る組成物は、オレフィン系重合体Aと、重合体Bと、を含む組成物である。重合体Bは150℃以上の融点を有するポリヒドロキシアルカノエート系重合体である。この組成物を180℃で溶融混練して溶融状態のストランドを得、前記溶融状態のストランドを冷却して固化し、固化したストランドを切断して得られる、例えば柱状のペレットの断面の観察像が、要件(1)及び要件(2)を満たす。
要件(1):前記オレフィン系重合体Aが分散相であり、前記重合体Bが連続相である。
要件(2):観察面積1200μm2の中に、前記ペレットの軸方向の長さが5μm以上である分散相が3個以上観察される。
(ただし、ペレットの断面は、ペレットの中心を含み、かつ、ペレットの軸に平行な断面であり、観察像は走査型電子顕微鏡の観察像である。)
本実施形態に係る組成物(コンパウンド)の製造方法は、上記のペレットと、オレフィン系重合体Cとを、150~210℃の温度で溶融混練して組成物Yを得る工程を含む。
本実施形態に係る成形体の製造方法は、上記のペレットと、オレフィン系重合体Cとを混合して混合物を得る工程と、混合物を成形する工程と、を含む。混合物を成形する工程は、具体的には、成形機の原料供給口に混合物を供給し、成形機により混合物を成形して成形体を製造する工程である。成形機の外で、ペレットと、オレフィン系重合体Cとを混合して得られた混合物を、成形機の原料供給口に供給してもよい。ペレットと、オレフィン系重合体Cとを、それぞれ独立したフィーダーを使用して成形機の原料供給口に供給し、原料供給口でペレットとオレフィン系重合体Cとを混合させてもよい。
また、ペレットと、オレフィン系重合体Cとを混合して混合物を得る工程では、ペレットと、オレフィン系重合体Cとを、150~210℃の温度で溶融混練して組成物Yを得る工程としてもよい。
成形時の温度は150~230℃とすることができる。
実施例及び比較例で用いた成分を、以下に示す。
特開2004-182981号公報の実施例1記載の方法によって得られる重合触媒を用いて、液相-気相重合法によって、オレフィン系重合体としてのプロピレン単独重合体(A-1)を製造した。物性は以下のとおりであった。
・メルトフローレート(190℃、荷重2.16kgf):51g/10分
特開2004-182981号公報の実施例1記載の方法によって得られる重合触媒を用いて、液相-気相重合法によって、オレフィン系重合体としてのプロピレン単独重合体(A-2)を製造した。物性は以下のとおりであった。
・メルトフローレート(190℃、荷重2.16kgf):1.0g/10分
Newlight Technologies社製
・メルトフローレート(190℃、荷重2.16kgf):1.6g/10分
Newlight Technologies社製
・メルトフローレート(190℃、荷重2.16kgf):7.9g/10分
住友化学社製 酸化防止剤 「スミライザーGA80」
BASF社製 酸化防止剤 「IRGANOX1010」
BASF社製 酸化防止剤 「IRGAFOS168」
帝人社製 環状カルボジイミド 「カルボジスタ TCC-NP」
協和化学工業社製 ハイドロタルサイト 「DHT-4C」
オレフィン系重合体(A-1)を10重量部、重合体(B-1)を90重量部、添加剤として「IRGANOX1010」を0.2重量部、「IRGAFOS168」を0.2重量部、「カルボジスタ TCC-NP」を2.0重量部それぞれ秤量したのち、全成分を混合し、東洋精機製作所製のスクリュー径が20mmの2軸混練機ラボプラストミルを用いて、バレル温度を180℃、スクリュー回転数90rpmの条件で混練し、ダイ穴から押し出された溶融状態のストランドを冷却水槽に浸漬して冷却固化し、ペレタイザーで切断して組成物のペレットを得た。ペレットは円柱形状であり、軸方向長さLは3.4mm、径Dは1.9mmであった。得られたペレット(組成物)のMFRは、5.7g/10分であった。
オレフィン系重合体(A-1)を10重量部、重合体(B-2)を90重量部、添加剤として「スミライザーGA80」を0.2重量部、「IRGAFOS168」を0.2重量部、「カルボジスタ TCC-NP」を0.5重量部それぞれ秤量したのち、全成分を混合し、田辺プラスチック機械製のスクリュー径が40mmの単軸混練機を用いて、バレル温度を180℃、スクリュー回転数35rpmの条件で混練し、ダイ穴から押し出された溶融状態のストランドを冷却水槽に浸漬して冷却固化し、ペレタイザーで切断して組成物のペレットを得た。運転時のモーター負荷は16Aだった。ペレットは円柱形状であり、軸方向長さLは3.4mm、径Dは2.0mmであった。
重合体(B-2)を100重量部、添加剤として「スミライザーGA80」を0.2重量部、「IRGAFOS168」を0.2重量部、「カルボジスタ TCC-NP」を0.5重量部それぞれ秤量したのち、全成分を混合し、田辺プラスチック機械製のスクリュー径が40mmの単軸混練機を用いて、バレル温度を180℃、スクリュー回転数35rpmの条件で混練し、ダイ穴から押し出された溶融状態のストランドを冷却水槽に浸漬して冷却固化し、ペレタイザーで切断して組成物のペレットを得た。運転時のモーター負荷は21Aだった。ストランド表面にはべたつきが確認された。また、ストランドが柔らかくペレタイザーのガイドロールに巻き付くことがあった。ストランド(ペレット)は円柱形状であり、軸方向長さLは3.6mm、径Dは2.5mmであった。得られた組成物のMFRは、3.0g/10分であった。
オレフィン系重合体(A-2)を10重量部、重合体(B-2)を90重量部、添加剤として「スミライザーGA80」を0.2重量部、「IRGAFOS168」を0.2重量部、「カルボジスタ TCC-NP」を0.2重量部、「DHT-4C」を0.02重量部それぞれ秤量したのち、全成分を混合し、田辺プラスチック機械製のスクリュー径が40mmの単軸混練機を用いて、バレル温度を180℃、スクリュー回転数35rpmの条件で混練し、ダイ穴から押し出された溶融状態のストランドを冷却水槽に浸漬して冷却固化し、ペレタイザーで切断して組成物のペレットを得た。運転時のモーター負荷は20Aだった。ストランド表面にはべたつきと肌荒れがあり、加工時にストランド切れが発生した。ストランド(ペレット)は円柱形状であり、軸方向長さLは3.5mm、径Dは3.1mmであった。
[メルトフローレート]
190℃、荷重2.16kgfの条件で、JIS K7210-1:2014及びK7210-2:2014に準拠して測定した。
(試料作製方法)
実施例1~2、比較例1~2のペレットをそれぞれ、エポキシ樹脂で包埋し、図2に示すペレットの軸AXを含み中心GCを含む断面をウルトラミクロトームで形成した後、RuO4にて60℃で1.5時間断面の染色を行った。染色後にウルトラミクロトームで再度断面を形成した後、断面のPt-Pd蒸着を行った。
実施例1は、以下の装置・条件で観察を行った。
条件:加速電圧 4kV
観察倍率(反射電子像)5,000倍
実施例2、比較例1~2は、以下の装置・条件で観察を行った。
条件:加速電圧 5kV
観察倍率(反射電子像)5,000倍
走査型電子顕微鏡で撮影された断面の反射電子像写真は、400μm2の面積であった。反射電子像写真を観察し、長さ5μm以上に配向したオレフィン系重合体Aの分散相(島)の数を計測した。これを観察視野が重複していない3枚の反射電子像写真について行い、合計の本数から1200μm2の面積における長さ5μm以上に配向したオレフィン系重合体Aの分散相の数を求めた。また、分散相のアスペクト比の算術平均も求めた。なお、軸AXに直交する方向の長さD’に対する、軸方向長さL’の比で定義されるアスペクト比L’/D’が2以上であるものを分散相とした。
ダイ穴から押し出された溶融状態のストランドを冷却水槽で冷却し、ペレタイザーでストランドを切断しペレット化する工程において、不具合無く連続して製造が可能な場合を「〇」、ダイ穴から冷却水槽までの間でストランド切れの不具合が発生した場合を「×」とした。
冷却水槽で冷却固化されたストランドが不具合無くペレタイザーでストランドを切断しペレット化できた場合を「〇」、冷却後もストランドが柔らかくペレタイザーのガイドロールに巻き付くことがあった場合を「×」とした。
冷却水槽で固化されたストランドの表面に荒れが見られない場合を「〇」、荒れが見られた場合を「×」とした。
冷却水槽で固化されたストランドの表面にべたつきが確認されなかった場合を「〇」、べたつきが確認された場合を「×」とした。
Claims (11)
- オレフィン系重合体Aと、重合体Bと、を含むペレットであって、
前記重合体Bは150℃以上の融点を有するポリヒドロキシアルカノエート系重合体であり、
前記ペレットの中心を含み、かつ、前記ペレットの軸に平行な断面の、走査型電子顕微鏡の観察像が、下記要件(1)及び要件(2)を満たす、ペレット。
要件(1):前記オレフィン系重合体Aが分散相であり、前記重合体Bが連続相である。
要件(2):観察面積1200μm2の中に、前記ペレットの軸方向の長さが5μm以上である前記オレフィン系重合体Aの分散相が3個以上観察される。 - 前記オレフィン系重合体A及び前記重合体Bの合計100質量部に対して、前記オレフィン系重合体Aの含有量は1~49質量部であり、前記重合体Bの含有量が51~99質量部である、請求項1に記載のペレット。
- 温度190℃、荷重2.16kgfの条件で測定される前記オレフィン系重合体AのメルトマスフローレートをMFR(A)とし、温度190℃、荷重2.16kgfの条件で測定される前記重合体BのメルトマスフローレートをMFR(B)として、
MFR(A)/MFR(B)が1.5以上である、請求項1または2に記載のペレット。 - MFR(A)/MFR(B)が5.5以上である、請求項1又は2に記載のペレット。
- オレフィン系重合体Aと、重合体Bと、を含むペレットの製造方法であって、
前記重合体Bは150℃以上の融点を有するポリヒドロキシアルカノエート系重合体であり、
前記ペレットの中心を含み、かつ、前記ペレットの軸に平行な断面の、走査型電子顕微鏡の観察像が、下記要件(1)及び要件(2)を満たし、
前記オレフィン系重合体Aと、前記重合体Bとを、150~210℃の温度で溶融混練する工程を含む、ペレットの製造方法。
要件(1):前記オレフィン系重合体Aが分散相であり、前記重合体Bが連続相である。
要件(2):観察面積1200μm2の中に、前記ペレットの軸方向の長さが5μm以上である前記オレフィン系重合体Aの分散相が3個以上観察される。 - 温度190℃、荷重2.16kgfの条件で測定される前記オレフィン系重合体AのメルトマスフローレートをMFR(A)とし、温度190℃、荷重2.16kgfの条件で測定される前記重合体BのメルトマスフローレートをMFR(B)として、
MFR(A)/MFR(B)が1.5以上である、請求項5に記載のペレットの製造方法。 - ペレットと、オレフィン系重合体Cとを、150~210℃の温度で溶融混練する工程を含む、組成物の製造方法であって、
前記ペレットは、オレフィン系重合体Aと、重合体Bと、を含み、
前記重合体Bは150℃以上の融点を有するポリヒドロキシアルカノエート系重合体であり、
前記ペレットの中心を含み、かつ、前記ペレットの軸に平行な断面の、走査型電子顕微鏡の観察像が、下記要件(1)及び要件(2)を満たす、組成物の製造方法。
要件(1):前記オレフィン系重合体Aが分散相であり、前記重合体Bが連続相である。
要件(2):観察面積1200μm2の中に、前記ペレットの軸方向の長さが5μm以上である前記オレフィン系重合体Aの分散相が3個以上観察される。 - 温度190℃、荷重2.16kgfの条件で測定される前記オレフィン系重合体AのメルトマスフローレートをMFR(A)とし、温度190℃、荷重2.16kgfの条件で測定される前記重合体BのメルトマスフローレートをMFR(B)として、
MFR(A)/MFR(B)が1.5以上である、請求項7に記載の組成物の製造方法。 - ペレットと、オレフィン系重合体Cとを混合して混合物を得る工程と、
前記混合物を成形する工程と、を含む、成形体の製造方法であって、
前記ペレットは、オレフィン系重合体Aと、重合体Bと、を含み、
前記重合体Bは150℃以上の融点を有するポリヒドロキシアルカノエート系重合体であり、
前記ペレットの中心を含み、かつ、前記ペレットの軸に平行な断面の、走査型電子顕微鏡の観察像が、下記要件(1)及び要件(2)を満たす、成形体の製造方法。
要件(1):前記オレフィン系重合体Aが分散相であり、前記重合体Bが連続相である。
要件(2):観察面積1200μm2の中に、前記ペレットの軸方向の長さが5μm以上である前記オレフィン系重合体Aの分散相が3個以上観察される。 - 温度190℃、荷重2.16kgfの条件で測定される前記オレフィン系重合体AのメルトマスフローレートをMFR(A)とし、温度190℃、荷重2.16kgfの条件で測定される前記重合体BのメルトマスフローレートMFR(B)として、
MFR(A)/MFR(B)が1.5以上である、請求項9に記載の成形体の製造方法。 - オレフィン系重合体Aと、重合体Bと、を含む組成物であって、
前記重合体Bは150℃以上の融点を有するポリヒドロキシアルカノエート系重合体であり、
前記組成物を180℃で溶融混練して溶融状態のストランドを得、前記溶融状態のストランドを冷却して固化し、固化したストランドを切断して得られるペレットの断面の観察像が、下記要件(1)及び要件(2)を満たす、組成物。
要件(1):前記オレフィン系重合体Aが分散相であり、前記重合体Bが連続相である。
要件(2):観察面積1200μm2の中に、前記ペレットの軸方向の長さが5μm以上である前記オレフィン系重合体Aの分散相が3個以上観察される。
(ただし、前記ペレットの断面は、前記ペレットの中心を含み、かつ、前記ペレットの軸に平行な断面であり、観察像は走査型電子顕微鏡の観察像である。)
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| US20250339993A1 (en) | 2025-11-06 |
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