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WO2023202980A1 - Système de traitement et de dessalement de l'eau - Google Patents

Système de traitement et de dessalement de l'eau Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023202980A1
WO2023202980A1 PCT/EP2023/059907 EP2023059907W WO2023202980A1 WO 2023202980 A1 WO2023202980 A1 WO 2023202980A1 EP 2023059907 W EP2023059907 W EP 2023059907W WO 2023202980 A1 WO2023202980 A1 WO 2023202980A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
evaporator
condenser
water
collecting tray
film
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2023/059907
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Heinz Georg RUSSWURM
Oliver KERSCHGENS
Daniel Kerschgens
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of WO2023202980A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023202980A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/0011—Heating features
    • B01D1/0029—Use of radiation
    • B01D1/0035—Solar energy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/0064—Feeding of liquid into an evaporator
    • B01D1/007—Feeding of liquid into an evaporator the liquid feed being split up in at least two streams before entering the evaporator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/14—Evaporating with heated gases or vapours or liquids in contact with the liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/30—Accessories for evaporators ; Constructional details thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B01D3/34—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping with one or more auxiliary substances
    • B01D3/343—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping with one or more auxiliary substances the substance being a gas
    • B01D3/346—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping with one or more auxiliary substances the substance being a gas the gas being used for removing vapours, e.g. transport gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0003—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation by using heat-exchange surfaces for indirect contact between gases or vapours and the cooling medium
    • B01D5/0015—Plates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0057—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation in combination with other processes
    • B01D5/006—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation in combination with other processes with evaporation or distillation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0078—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation characterised by auxiliary systems or arrangements
    • B01D5/0081—Feeding the steam or the vapours
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0078—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation characterised by auxiliary systems or arrangements
    • B01D5/0084—Feeding or collecting the cooling medium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0078—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation characterised by auxiliary systems or arrangements
    • B01D5/009—Collecting, removing and/or treatment of the condensate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/08—Thin film evaporation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/10—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation by direct contact with a particulate solid or with a fluid, as a heat transfer medium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/18—Transportable devices to obtain potable water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/002—Construction details of the apparatus
    • C02F2201/007—Modular design

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system for water treatment and in particular to a system for water treatment and desalination, which is modular, flexible and can be dismantled again.
  • the invention further relates to a method for operating the water treatment and desalination system.
  • Water treatment technologies and systems for producing drinking water are becoming increasingly important in view of the increasing population density, even in areas with a poor natural water supply.
  • Distributing drinking water in plastic bottles - as is currently commonly used - can only be a temporary solution from an environmental protection point of view.
  • natural water resources, wells and reservoirs are increasingly drying out or the water in them is becoming increasingly saline and can therefore no longer be used as drinking water, but possibly only as industrial water.
  • One of the underlying tasks for the systems and methods presented here is to meet the requirements just mentioned and to present a water treatment technology that is easily transportable, can be set up easily and quickly, can be dismantled, is inexpensive and can be reused .
  • a water treatment and desalination system has the following: an evaporator, which has the following: an evaporator air inlet opening, an evaporator air outlet opening, a film-like, flat lamella evaporator between the evaporator air inlet opening and the evaporator air outlet opening and an evaporator collecting tray into which non-evaporated evaporation water drips.
  • Evaporation water at a first temperature flows over a surface of the lamella evaporator.
  • the system for water treatment and desalination further has a condenser which has the following: a condenser air inlet opening, a condenser air outlet opening, which is fluidly connected to the evaporator air outlet opening, a flat film condenser between the condenser air inlet opening and the condenser air outlet opening and a condensate collecting tray, into which on the film condenser condensed water runs in. Cooling water of a second temperature flows through the film condenser, the second temperature being lower than the first temperature and air flowing through the system from the evaporator air inlet opening to the condenser air outlet opening. This creates water in the evaporator absorbed by the air flow, and water from the air flow condenses in the condenser on a surface of the film condenser.
  • a method for operating a water treatment and desalination system includes providing the above-mentioned system for water treatment and desalination and also has a number of activities that can be carried out at least partially in parallel: (i) continuously filling the evaporator collecting tray with impure water up to a predefined level, (ii) pumping the impure water from the evaporator collecting tray to the film-like, flat finned evaporator, so that the impure water of the first temperature runs over surfaces of the film-like, flat finned evaporator, (iii) generating a circulating air flow through the evaporator, the condenser and back to the evaporator air inlet opening, and (iv) passing it through of the cooling water through the flat film capacitor, the cooling water having the second temperature, which is lower than the first temperature.
  • This allows water to evaporate on the surfaces of the film-like, flat finned evaporator and condense
  • the frame can consist of tubes that can be inserted into one another.
  • Other components such as the main plates for the evaporator, the condenser or the side walls, can also be pushed into one another using a special mechanism.
  • the entire assembly can be carried out largely without tools, but especially without special tools.
  • dismantling is also possible without the use of large tools, meaning that the system can be easily transported to another location.
  • a necessary power supply can be provided via solar cells on the top of a casing or a film-like cover. The electricity generated can be used to operate the system's pumps and fans.
  • the water required for the evaporator from surface water of a nearby sea or lake.
  • This surface water has a higher temperature than the water in deeper layers of the body of water. So that the water that reaches the evaporator has the highest possible temperature, it can be heated using solar thermal energy outside the shell of the water treatment and desalination system; Nevertheless, required solar panels can also be part of the system.
  • the collectors can, for example - but not necessarily - also be supported by the framework above the film-like cover or shell in order to enable the most compact design possible.
  • This deep water of the second, i.e. lower, temperature can flow through the film capacitor.
  • groundwater could also be used, as it usually has a low temperature.
  • the water that is collected in the condensate collecting tray can be used either as drinking water or as useful water for irrigating fields or otherwise for production.
  • an autonomous system for water treatment is created, which can also be operated by less technically trained personnel.
  • the manufacturing costs, transport costs, construction costs and operating costs are significantly lower compared to known industrial water treatment systems.
  • a natural or artificial island such as those used in aqua farming, is also easily possible.
  • the temperature of the water used on the evaporator side is well below 100 ° C - for example in the order of approx. 60 ° C or lower, for example lower than 55 ° C - the energy requirements of the system presented are significantly lower than in well-known high-temperature water treatment systems.
  • the system presented here is based on the principle of evaporation in an evaporator and not on evaporation. This - and the fact that the system can be operated with practically no pressure - also reduces the risk of accidents, especially for personnel with little technical training.
  • the comparatively low temperature in the evaporator prevents lime, minerals or other deposits from settling on the evaporator and/or other components of the system. This means that necessary maintenance intervals can be set generously.
  • the interior of the system is practically thermally separated from the environment outside the film-like envelope.
  • the external atmospheric conditions and the internal atmospheric conditions of the system are virtually decoupled.
  • An opaque cover can also ensure that the interior of the system remains dark, so that practically no or only little thermal radiation has a negative impact on the interior of the system.
  • solid recycled plastics can be used for practically all non-film-like elements - except for electrical and electronic components. This is also possible because no high-pressure pipes are required.
  • the elements of the proposed system can be cascaded. Although reference is made in the present description to evaporators and condensers of virtually the same dimensions, their dimensions can easily be individually adjusted (e.g. longer or shorter while maintaining interface parameters between them). Alternatively, e.g. evaporators or condensers of the same size can be positioned one behind the other below a common outer shell in order to enable higher efficiency, e.g. at lower temperatures or smaller temperature differences between the evaporator(s) and condenser(s). In this way, the proposed system can be optimally adapted to different atmospheric conditions at different locations or seasons.
  • the evaporator can further have a front evaporator wall and a rear evaporator wall. These can, but do not have to be, parallel to each other. In the case of parallelism, the front evaporator wall is parallel and spaced opposite the rear evaporator wall.
  • the system can also have an upper evaporator main plate, which can connect to the upper ends of the front and rear evaporator walls.
  • the evaporator collecting tray can be connected at its front upper edge to a lower part - ie lower end - of the front evaporator chamber wall, and the rear upper edge of the evaporator collecting tray can be connected to a lower part of the rear evaporator wall - in particular its lower end.
  • an underside of the evaporator collecting tray defines a lowest level of the system. If the natural ground beneath the system is uneven (or in other circumstances), it would also be conceivable to place the evaporator drip tray on some kind of platform to ensure that the evaporator drip tray is horizontal. Alternative constructions are also conceivable for this.
  • Fastening the evaporator walls could possibly be omitted if the lower ends of the front evaporator wall and the rear evaporator wall rest on the front and rear walls within the evaporator collecting tray on their front and rear outer walls; Weights or magnets at lower ends of the front evaporator wall and the rear evaporator wall could prevent them from being pushed outwardly out of the evaporator drip tray by the airflow in the evaporator.
  • a lower end of the lamella evaporator can also be advantageous for a lower end of the lamella evaporator to end relatively close to the evaporator collecting tray. It would also be possible to immerse the ends of the finned evaporator in the evaporator collecting tray - i.e. in the water there. As a result - if the water level is appropriate - the lower ends of the finned evaporator could be immersed in the water in the evaporator collecting tray, which would allow the finned evaporators to hang more calmly in the air flow.
  • the evaporator air inlet opening can lie between the evaporator main plate, the front and rear evaporator walls and the evaporator collecting tray and thus form a - not necessarily - rectangular arrangement.
  • the evaporator air outlet opening can lie between the evaporator main plate, the front and rear evaporator walls and the evaporator collecting tray and thus form a - not necessarily - rectangular arrangement.
  • the evaporator air inlet opening and the evaporator air outlet opening are opposite each other; and advantageously they are also the same size.
  • the respective main panels and the respective rear and front walls touch one another to form a common air channel.
  • a fan - possibly several - can also be provided at the interface between the evaporator and condenser in order to enable the most uniform and powerful air flow possible from the evaporator into the condenser.
  • the evaporator and the condenser can form an angle to one another. The resulting gap could be closed with an additional film to optimize airflow through both main components.
  • the capacitor has a front capacitor wall and a rear capacitor wall, which should be spaced apart - optimally parallel, but not necessarily - opposite one another.
  • the capacitor has a capacitor main plate which can connect to the upper ends of the front and rear capacitor walls.
  • the condensate collecting tray can be connected to a lower part of the front condenser chamber wall, and the condensate collecting tray can be connected to a lower part of the rear condenser wall - in each case to the lower ends of the walls.
  • Alternative designs for the condensate collecting tray can be found analogously to the description of the evaporator collecting tray in the evaporator.
  • the condensate drip tray can also be placed on a stand to ensure that air exiting the condenser passes below the condensate drip tray to the feed-through tubes and warm-up tubes of the evaporator drip tray.
  • the condenser air inlet opening can lie between the main condenser plate, the front and rear condenser walls and the condensate collecting tray and form a rectangle.
  • the condenser air outlet opening can accordingly also be located between the main condenser plate, the front and rear condenser walls and the condensate collecting tray.
  • the condenser air inlet opening and the condenser air outlet opening are virtually parallel - but not necessarily - opposite one another.
  • the system can have a tubular overflow rail, which has an overflow slot along its upper side, and at the lower end of which an evaporation film can extend towards the evaporator collecting tray.
  • the tubular overflow rail can, for example, be hung at its ends on holding devices on the evaporator main plate.
  • a film-like evaporation element can be connected to the lower side of the tubular overflow rail.
  • the tubular overflow rail can have a cover cap extends along the upper opening of the overflow rail and ensures that only a thin film of water forms on the surface of the overflow rail, which seamlessly passes over to surfaces of the film-like evaporation element.
  • the tubular overflow rail can have an end cap with a water inlet connection at one end. Water from the evaporator collecting tray can be pumped into this opening.
  • a simple end cap can be provided at another opposite end of the tubular overflow rail.
  • a hanging device can be integrated or attached in the water inlet connection and the end cap, so that the tubular overflow rail can be easily and removably hung on the evaporator main plate.
  • the tubular overflow rail can be shaped on its longitudinal outer sides in such a way that water, which exits from the tubular overflow rail via the overflow slot - which can have rounded exit edges that ensure the most laminar flow possible - over the outside of the pipe-like overflow rail and the evaporation film drains.
  • Opposite outer sides of the lower end of the overflow rail can taper along its extent and have a slot at a distal end for receiving the evaporation film.
  • a perforated plate along the extent of the overflow rail can serve as a turbulence brake inside the overflow rail, so that this also supports a laminar outflow of water in the same way as the cover cap (see below).
  • this can have a fluid connection between the interior of the evaporator collecting tray to the water inlet connection of the end cap of the overflow rail, so that excess (evaporation) water can be pumped from the evaporator collecting tray via the water inlet connection into the overflow rail of the lamella evaporator.
  • the pump can be operated with solar power.
  • the film capacitor can be attached to an underside of the capacitor main plate and extend towards the condensate collecting tray; and the film capacitor, which is sheet-shaped and hollow, may have an inlet port and an outlet port. This means that water at the second temperature can flow through the film capacitor.
  • Several film capacitors can be cascaded through respective inlet connections and outlet connections, so that only one inlet and one outlet would be required on the outside. Inlet connections can typically be located in the upper area of the film capacitor; Outlet connections are typically located in the lower area of the film capacitor(s).
  • At least one of the inlet connection and the outlet connection can have: a connection pipe, on which two spacer rings are attached at a distance from one another, which are firmly - in particular watertight - connected to flat side elements of the film capacitor, the connection pipe between Spacer rings can have at least one opening. This allows water, which is introduced through the connecting pipe, to flow into (or out of) the hollow film capacitor.
  • the evaporator collecting tray can have a heating device for heating a liquid in the evaporator tray. This can be done by the warm air that flows through the pipes of the evaporator collecting tray or by an electrical heat source (e.g. immersion heater), which is powered by excess electricity from the solar cells.
  • an electrical heat source e.g. immersion heater
  • the water that flows over the finned evaporator - i.e. also the water in the collecting tray - should already have a suitable temperature. This can be achieved, for example, by the water introduced into the system having previously passed through a possibly simple solar thermal system or simpler thermal collectors.
  • the heating device may comprise a tube (at least one) extending from one wall of the evaporator collecting tray to another.
  • the air passed through from the air circuit can optionally be passed through the pipe(s) surrounded by water using a fan and thus, due to the higher temperature of the water in the evaporator collecting tray, heat up before it enters the interior of the Evaporator reached at its entrance side. It would also be advantageous if the pipes were made of a material that conducts heat well, such as metal, especially copper.
  • a fan (at least one) can be located between the evaporator and the condenser, which conveys air from the evaporator into the condenser and thus maintains the air circulation flow.
  • fans can be provided in a fan panel between the evaporator and the condenser.
  • the evaporator and the condenser can be enclosed together by an outer shell on at least five sides.
  • An outer shell is not required on the ground on which the system sits, but is still possible.
  • the upper side of the casing can be dispensed with if the respective main plates can instead ensure a reasonably secure seal at the top.
  • the evaporator main plate and/or the condenser main plate can be suspended together on a basic structure.
  • the evaporator and the condenser do not have to be self-supporting and can be implemented in a lightweight construction with flexible film walls.
  • the film capacitor does not consist of a large chamber, but rather the two film-side outer walls are glued together in such a way that a meander-shaped flow structure is formed within the film capacitor.
  • suspension of the film capacitors can be suspended from round grooves on the underside of the capacitor main plate.
  • the outer shell of the system which surrounds it on at least five sides (front, back, right, left and top), can consist of a film-like material or a fabric-like material or a combination thereof.
  • the outer shell should have a thermal insulation layer on the inside, e.g. in the form of a silver coating, a Mylar film, a bubble wrap, a Styrofoam or rigid foam layer or comparable heat-insulating materials or a combination thereof.
  • the outside atmosphere can be largely decoupled from the inside atmosphere and it can be ensured that it remains dark inside the system and that practically no or only little thermal radiation penetrates from outside.
  • the outer shell should extend to the floor on which the system stands and be fixed here if possible.
  • side walls that are opposite the side walls of the evaporator and the condenser should fit as closely as possible to them. This ensures that the main air flow runs through the evaporator and the condenser and from there back through the tubes in the evaporator collecting tray to the entrance of the evaporator.
  • Fig. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of the system according to the invention for water treatment and desalination.
  • Fig. 2 shows the components of Fig. 1 partially enclosed with a housing.
  • Fig. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the system with housing.
  • Fig. 4 shows the evaporator main plate from below.
  • Fig. 5 shows an example of a tubular overflow rail.
  • Fig. 6 shows a further detailed image of the tubular overflow rail 502 with the evaporator main plate.
  • Fig. 7 shows the horizontally extending perforated plate with a left and right groove inside the tubular overflow rail.
  • Fig. 8 shows the water inlet connection to the tubular overflow rail and a protuberance.
  • Fig. 9 shows another individual image of the evaporator with the evaporator main plate, which is attached to the frame via the suspensions
  • Fig. 10 shows a view from the direction of the air outlet opening of the evaporator, i.e. from the condenser into the evaporator without any fans in between.
  • Fig. 11 shows the top of the capacitor main plate as well as part of the frame and a suspension.
  • Fig. 12 shows a section of a film capacitor.
  • Fig. 13 shows the film capacitor with a water connection at its upper and lower ends.
  • Fig. 14 shows a water connection for a double-walled film capacitor.
  • Fig. 15 shows a side view of the water connection.
  • Fig. 16 shows the condensate collecting tray.
  • Fig. 17 shows the outlet of the condensate collecting tray.
  • Fig. 18 shows a side view of the condensate collecting tray with the outlet.
  • Figure 19 shows a partition between the evaporator and the condenser with fan(s) to maintain air flow between the evaporator and the condenser.
  • Fig. 20 shows a view of the evaporator collecting tray with ventilation pipes passing through it and fans in the ventilation pipes.
  • Fig. 21 shows a perspective view of an end region of the tubular overflow rail without an end cap.
  • Fig. 22 shows a sectional view of the tubular overflow rail with a cover cap.
  • Fig. 23 shows a perspective view of the cover cap.
  • FIG. 24 shows a flowchart-like representation of activities of the method for operating a water treatment and desalination system.
  • the term 'evaporator' describes an essentially air duct-like device that is closed on four sides: at the top by the evaporator main plate, by two opposite side walls and at the bottom by the evaporator collecting tray. Attached to the evaporator main plate are tube-like overflow rails (at least one), which are open at the top and are continuously flooded with water and over the outside of which the water flows towards a film-like flat element, over the surfaces of which it runs towards the evaporator collecting tray. Due to the air flow that flows through the evaporator, water is absorbed by the air flowing through it from the surfaces of the finned evaporator based on the evaporation effect.
  • the term 'film-like flat lamella evaporator' describes an element made of a flexible film which extends from the lower end of the tubular overflow rail in the direction of the evaporator collecting tray.
  • first temperature' describes, in comparison to the second temperature, a temperature value that is higher than the temperature value of the second temperature.
  • the term 'evaporator collecting tray' describes a waterproof, open-topped tray. Side walls of the evaporator extend away from the shell from the upper edges of two opposing side walls of this shell.
  • the term 'condenser' describes a substantially air duct-like device which is closed on four sides: at the top by the main condenser plate, by two opposing side walls and at the bottom by the condensate collecting tray.
  • the inlet opening of the condenser approximately corresponds to the size and geometry of an outlet opening of the evaporator.
  • the output opening of the evaporator can be directly coupled to the input opening of the condenser. This also makes it possible to design the side walls of the evaporator and the condenser in one piece.
  • a fan panel can be located between the output of the evaporator and the input of the condenser. It should be expressly pointed out that this is not a capacitor from the field of electrical engineering. Rather, the capacitor forms the mechanical basis for condensing water from an air stream.
  • flat film capacitor describes a double-walled, flexible, film-like element, which has a water connection, for example, in the upper area and in the lower area.
  • cooling water flows into the top port of the film capacitor and out of the bottom port. Clean water can condense on an outer surface of the flat film capacitor from an air stream that flows around the flat film capacitor, has air humidity and has a higher temperature than the flat film capacitor.
  • the term 'second temperature' describes a temperature value that is lower than a first temperature value.
  • the term 'evaporator main plate' describes an upper boundary of the evaporator, from whose two opposite sides side walls of the evaporator extend towards the evaporator collecting tray.
  • capacitor main plate describes an upper boundary of the capacitor, from whose two opposite sides side walls of the capacitor extend in the direction of the condensate collecting tray.
  • tubular overflow rail describes a part of the evaporator or an upper part of the finned evaporator.
  • the overflow rail is open at the top, so that water introduced into the overflow rail can flow in a controlled manner over external surfaces of the overflow rail in order to then reach surfaces of film-like elements of the lamella evaporator and then evaporate from there. Excess water flows back into the evaporator drip tray.
  • the system includes an evaporator 102 and a condenser 104.
  • the evaporator 102 which can generally be located on the left side of Figure 1, has an evaporator air inlet opening 104 and an evaporator air outlet opening, which is typically, but not necessarily, opposite the evaporator air inlet opening 106.
  • the evaporator air inlet opening 104 and the evaporator air outlet opening can also be arranged at an angle to one another.
  • the evaporator 102 also has a film-like flat lamella evaporator
  • evaporation water (not shown) of a first (higher) temperature running over the surfaces of the lamella evaporators 106.
  • the evaporator 102 also has an evaporator collecting tray 110, into which non-evaporated - i.e. excess - evaporation water (not shown) drips or runs down from the lower ends of the one or more lamella evaporators 106.
  • the system 100 also has the capacitor 104, which is designed as a condenser chamber that can be located on the right side of Figure 1.
  • the condenser 104 has a condenser air inlet opening (not visible, but adjacent to the evaporator air outlet opening) and a condenser air outlet opening 112 hidden on the right side of FIG. 1.
  • the condenser air outlet opening 112 is fluidly connected to the evaporator air outlet opening through the condenser chamber.
  • the capacitor 104 has a flat film capacitor (not visible here and typically a plurality of them) between the condenser air inlet opening and the condenser air outlet opening 112.
  • cooling water (not shown) of a second temperature flows through the film capacitor, which is hollow, also made of film and is located within the capacitor 104, the second temperature being lower than the first temperature.
  • the capacitor 104 has a condensate collecting tray 114 into which water condensed on the film capacitor - in particular from its lower end - flows.
  • the system is operated with evaporated and therefore not vaporous water, which is typically generated by heating or warming above the boiling point.
  • the first temperature is below the boiling point of water.
  • the first temperature can be, for example, The temperature of the surface water of a body of water (e.g. sea, lake), while the second temperature can be significantly cooler deep water of the body of water (e.g. sea).
  • it is also possible to heat the water to the first temperature for example using solar thermal energy - for example, flowing through solar collectors or using alternative methods.
  • solar thermal energy for example, flowing through solar collectors or using alternative methods. The higher the temperature difference between the first and second temperatures, the higher the efficiency of the system presented here.
  • the support frame or frame 120 which supports the entire structure.
  • the evaporator main plate 122 and the condenser main plate 124 are suspended on the frame 120 by means of the suspensions 126.
  • An electronic control 128 for monitoring the system can be located on the evaporator main plate 122 and/or the condenser main plate 124. It can be operated with electricity from solar cells (see Fig. 2).
  • the front evaporator wall 116 which is attached at an upper end to the evaporator main plate 122 and at a lower end to an upper edge of the evaporator collecting tray 110.
  • Corresponding walls with corresponding stop points are provided for the condenser 104, namely a front condenser wall 130 and a rear condenser wall (hidden in this illustration).
  • an air outlet opening 132 of a ventilation pipe 134 which extends through the evaporator collecting tray 110.
  • the first pump 136 can, for example, be provided at this point in order to supply the lamella evaporators 108 with water from the evaporator collecting tray 110.
  • the second pump 138 may provide pumping of second temperature cooling water through the film capacitors (not visible) at the location shown or elsewhere.
  • the second pump 138 (shown as an example with upper hose connections) can also be coupled to a heat exchanger. In this way, for example, salt water (or dirty water) from deep/deeper layers of the water or groundwater would not have to flow through the film capacitors, which benefits the longevity of the system.
  • FIG. 2 shows the components of FIG allow.
  • the section 202 of the evaporator and the section 204 of the condenser as well as parts of the frame 120 are clearly visible.
  • This frame 120 supports the entire housing 200, which is the construction according to Figure 1 encloses the outside and ends with the floor (without reference number) on which the system with the housing 200 stands.
  • the upper edge of the rear outer wall (not visible because it is covered) adjoins the rear edge 216 of the top cover 212.
  • a front exterior wall is not shown but would extend between the left exterior wall 206, the right exterior wall 208, the top cover 212 and the floor. In this way, the air flow described above is kept within the housing 200 and completely shielded from the outside.
  • the housing consists of a film-like outer skin or a fabric-like material (or a combination thereof), each of which has thermal insulation on the inside.
  • a silver or Mylar coating can be provided.
  • a bubble wrap or polystyrene, rigid foam or other thermal insulation can be provided on the inside of the film-like outer skin or the fabric-like material.
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view 300 of the system with housing 200. You can see the top cover 212, the left outer wall 206, the right outer wall 208 and parts of the frame 120. You can also see the evaporator main plate 122 and the condenser main plate 124, which can collide with each other approximately in the middle of the system.
  • a tube-like overflow rail 302 can be seen in an upper section of the evaporator area 202, on which a film-like lamella evaporator 108 hangs.
  • a film capacitor 304 with a cooling water inlet 306 and a cooling water outlet 308 can be seen in the capacitor section 204.
  • At least the ventilation pipe 134 can extend through the evaporator collecting tray 110, the air outlet opening 132 of which is directed towards an area in front of the evaporator air inlet opening 106.
  • Fans 310 typically at least one between the evaporator air outlet opening 312 and the adjoining condenser air inlet opening 314 suck in air that has passed through the finned evaporator or evaporators 108 and thus has a high humidity in order to be passed into the condenser 104 or the condenser chamber.
  • the air passes through the hollow film capacitor(s) 304 on its outer sides, water of the second (lower) temperature flowing through the film capacitors 304, so that water condenses on the outer sides of the film capacitors 304, runs down the film capacitors 304 and from their lower edge the condenser collecting tray 114 drips or runs. Additional fans can be provided for better airflow in this.
  • FIG. 4 shows a representation 400 of the evaporator main plate 122 from below. This is suspended via the suspension 126 on pipes of the frame 120. Clearly visible on a left side - corresponding to the evaporator air inlet opening 106 (perspective at the back in Figure 4) - and a right side - corresponding to the evaporator air outlet opening 312 - hanging devices 402 with hook-like designs are provided on the evaporator main plate 122. The tubular overflow rails can be hung on these suspension devices 402 (described further below). The recognizable several suspension devices 402 serve to accommodate a plurality of tubular overflow rails. 5 shows an example 500 of a suspended tubular overflow rail 502.
  • the tubular overflow rail 502 is closed at its ends with end plates 504.
  • the end plates 504 have an upward extension, on which there are protuberances 506, which can be hooked into the suspension devices 402 at a respective end of the tubular overflow rail 502.
  • protuberances 506 which can be hooked into the suspension devices 402 at a respective end of the tubular overflow rail 502.
  • a lamella evaporator 108 can be seen at the lower end of the tubular overflow rail 502. This consists, for example, of a film that wraps around a rod or a thin tube at the upper end, which can be inserted into an opening groove 512.
  • FIG. 5 Another such groove 512 can be seen on the left side of FIG. 5 - corresponding to the side of the front evaporator wall 116.
  • the front evaporator wall 116 which also consists of a (plastic) film, for example, can be attached. With a comparable construction, it can also be attached to an upper edge of the evaporator collecting tray 110.
  • the tubular overflow rail 502 has a water inlet connection 510.
  • FIG. 6 shows a further detailed image 600 of the tubular overflow rail 502 with the evaporator main plate 122.
  • the front cover of the tubular overflow rail 502 is not shown and a cross section through the tubular overflow rail 502 can be seen. It is hollow on the inside and can have, for example, a horizontally extending perforated plate in its interior, which calms the water (not shown) flowing in through the water inlet connection 510 before it emerges from an upper slot in the tubular overflow rail 502, so that the most laminar flow possible over a surface of the tubular overflow rail 502 is created.
  • the horizontal perforated plate 702 is now clearly visible. It can be inserted into a left and right groove inside the tubular overflow rail 502.
  • the edges 706 of the slot 704 of the tubular overflow rail 502 can be rounded, so that a uniform laminar water flow results on the outside 708 of the tubular overflow rail 502 over its entire length.
  • the harmoniously, symmetrically tapered lower end 712 of the tubular overflow rail 502 also ensures that the uniform laminar Water flow from the outside 708 of the tubular overflow rail 502 extends seamlessly onto the film 710 of the lamella evaporator 108.
  • FIG. 8 shows the water inlet connection 510 to the tubular overflow rail 502 and the protuberance 506.
  • the water inlet connections 510 of adjacent tubular overflow rails 502 can be connected to a connecting pipe (not shown) so that all tubular overflow rails 502 are evenly supplied with water. This can be accomplished by the first pump from the evaporator collecting tray 110.
  • FIG. 9 shows again an individual image of a perspective view 900 of the evaporator 102 with the evaporator main plate 122, which is attached to the frame 120 via the suspensions 126.
  • Below the front evaporator wall 116 is the evaporator collecting tray 110, from which one or more ventilation pipes 134 emerge to generate an air flow along the foils of the finned evaporator 108 and between the rear evaporator wall 118, the front evaporator wall 116, the evaporator main plate 122 and the evaporator collecting tray 110 .
  • FIG. 10 shows a representation 1000 from the viewing direction of the air outlet opening of the evaporator 102, i.e. virtually from the condenser.
  • the fans at the entrance to the ventilation pipes, which extend through the evaporator collecting tray 110, can also be seen.
  • seven hanging lamella evaporators 108 are shown between the front evaporator wall 116 and the rear evaporator wall 118.
  • the capacitor main plate 124 shows a section 1100 of the top of the capacitor main plate 124 as well as part of the frame 120 and a suspension 126.
  • the capacitor main plate 124 also has tubular receiving elements 1102 on the underside of the capacitor main plate 124.
  • the receiving elements 1102 have outwardly directed slots that expand in a circle inside the capacitor main plate 124.
  • the film capacitors can be hung on these receiving elements 1102.
  • FIG. 12 shows a section 1200 of a film capacitor 304.
  • This is double-walled and has a tubular thickening 1202 at the upper end, with which it can be inserted into a receiving element 1102 of the capacitor main plate 124. You can also see an upper water connection 1204 on the film capacitor 304.
  • the film capacitor 304 has, for example, at its upper end and at its lower end At the end, connect a water connection 1204, 1302. This is shown in FIG. 13 with reference number 1300.
  • the water connection 1400 for a double-walled film capacitor 304.
  • the water connection 1400 has a water inlet connection 1402 and a water outlet 1404, each of which is designed like a tube.
  • the water connection 1400 has two annular elements 1406, each of which is connected watertight to one side of the double-walled film capacitor 304.
  • FIG. 15 shows a side view 1500 of the water connection 1400.
  • the pipe of the water connection 1400 has a plurality of openings 1502 between the two annular elements 1406.
  • sections of the two walls 1504 of the double-walled film capacitor 304 are shown.
  • the plurality of openings 1502 serve to flood the double-walled film capacitor 304 with water at the upper end and to empty it again at the lower ends of the double-walled film capacitor 304.
  • the water connections 1400 are designed so that they can be connected to one another in series, so that water that flows into a first water connection 1400 both flows into the associated double-walled film capacitor 304 and also supplies the next, adjoining double-walled film capacitors 304 with water can.
  • the water connections 1400 can be cascaded so that the double-walled film capacitors 304 through which water flows can be filled and emptied in parallel.
  • a constant flow of water of the second cooler temperature can flow through the double-walled film capacitors 304, so that air moisture which is in an air stream of higher temperature than the water of the double-walled film capacitors 304, which flows around the double-walled film capacitors 304, condenses and can be collected in the condensate collecting tray 114 of FIG. 16.
  • An outlet pipe 1702 can be seen in the illustration 1700 in FIG. 17.
  • FIG. 18 shows a perspective view 1600 of the condenser collecting tray 114 and that the outlet pipe 1702 is provided at a lowest point of the condenser collecting tray 114.
  • FIG. 17 shows on two upper edges (one shown as an example) receiving elements 1704 are provided for the lower ends of the capacitor side walls, into which the capacitor side walls (or distal thickenings thereof) can be inserted.
  • Figure 19 shows a partition 1900 between the evaporator and the condenser with fan(s) 1902 to maintain airflow between the evaporator and the condenser.
  • the vertical side walls extend from the main plate (evaporator main plate 122 or condenser plate 124) to the respective collecting tray (bottom, without reference number; evaporator on collecting tray or condensate collecting tray). Similar fan panels can also be added at the inlet of the evaporator and at the outlet of the condenser.
  • FIG. 20 shows a view 2000 of the evaporator collecting tray 110 with ventilation pipes 134 passing through it and fans 320 in the ventilation pipes 134. Not shown are an inlet and an outlet on the evaporator collecting tray 110, through which fresh, salty or contaminated, preferably preheated, warm water can be supplied and water with an increased level of pollution (because the pollution does not evaporate) can be drained away. The water in the evaporator collecting tray can then be replenished or replenished regularly or continuously.
  • FIG. 21 shows a detailed view 2100 of the attached cover cap 2102, a cover cap 2102 on the overflow rail 502, the perforated plate 710 already discussed above and the film 710 of the lamellar evaporator 108 hanging below. Normally the perforated plate 710 would extend to the front edge of the Overflow rail 502 is enough.
  • FIG. 22 again shows a sectional view 2200 of the overflow rail 502 with an attached cover cap or cover rail 2102, which extends virtually completely along the overflow rail 502.
  • cover cap or cover rail 2102 which extends virtually completely along the overflow rail 502.
  • FIG. 23 shows a perspective view 2300 of the cover cap or cover rail 2102. You can also see inside the cover cap or cover rail 2102 parallel webs 2302 along the inside of the cover cap or cover rail 2102. They support the laminar flow of the overflowing water in the channel 2204 in order to enable the films 710 to be wetted as evenly as possible so that the water can evaporate as well as possible.
  • 24 shows a flowchart-like representation of activities of the method 2400 for operating a water treatment and desalination system.
  • the system for water treatment and desalination - as described above - is first provided, 2402.
  • the system can exist in a wide range of dimensions. Nevertheless, an order of magnitude of 2-3 m 3 seems particularly advantageous for transport, since all components can then be transported on one or two Euro pallets - particularly due to the lightweight construction with practically exclusive use of foil (with a few exceptions).
  • the method 2400 then includes, for example, continuous filling, 2404, of the evaporator collecting tray with impure water - for example brackish, salt or other dirty water - up to a predefined fill level.
  • the level and activity of associated pumps can be controlled via the control unit mentioned above.
  • the method 2400 further comprises pumping, 2406, of the impure water from the evaporator collecting tray to the film-like flat lamella evaporator - in particular via the tube-like overflow rail - so that the impure water of the first temperature runs over surfaces of the film-like flat fin evaporator and evaporates there.
  • Non-evaporated, i.e. excess, impure water flows back into the evaporator collecting tray located under the finned evaporator. It would be beneficial to clean the evaporator drip tray from time to time.
  • the method 2400 includes generating, 2408, a circulating air flow through the evaporator, the condenser and back to the evaporator air inlet opening.
  • air that has absorbed atmospheric moisture in the evaporator is directed to the film condensers, where the water from the air can condense again.
  • the air can also be at a higher temperature than the first temperature because the air around the system's interior can be further heated by sunlight.
  • the method 2400 has an introduction 2410 or passage of cooling water through the flat film capacitor, the cooling water having the second temperature, which is lower than the first temperature. This creates the prerequisite for the water to condense from the air flow. Consequently, water evaporates on the surfaces of the film-like flat fin evaporator and condenses on the surfaces of the condenser as pure water. Finally, it drips from the surfaces of the film capacitors into the condensate collecting tray or is there collected, 2412, from where it flows out for further use or can be pumped out.
  • the top row which corresponds to an air temperature, means the absolute humidity in grams per cubic meter of air and the corresponding bottom row means the relative air humidity.
  • the absolute humidity is 58.1 g/cubic meter and the dew point temperature is 43 °C.
  • Water can be obtained per cubic meter.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de traitement et de dessalement de l'eau. Le système comprend un évaporateur et un condenseur. L'évaporateur comprend : une ouverture d'entrée d'air d'évaporateur, une ouverture de sortie d'air d'évaporateur, un évaporateur à film mince plat de type film et un bac de collecte d'évaporateur. L'eau d'évaporation présentant une première température s'étend sur la surface d'évaporateur à film mince. Le condenseur comprend : une ouverture d'entrée d'air de condenseur, une ouverture de sortie d'air de condenseur qui est en communication fluidique avec l'ouverture de sortie d'air d'évaporateur, un condenseur à film plat et un bac de collecte de condensat dans lequel s'écoule l'eau condensée au niveau du condenseur à film. L'eau de refroidissement présentant une seconde température s'écoule à travers le condenseur à film, la seconde température étant inférieure à la première température. L'air s'écoule à travers le système depuis l'ouverture d'entrée d'air d'évaporateur jusqu'à l'ouverture de sortie d'air de condenseur, l'eau provenant du flux d'air étant reçue dans l'évaporateur, et de l'eau provenant du flux d'air se condensant dans le condenseur sur une surface du condenseur à film.
PCT/EP2023/059907 2022-04-19 2023-04-17 Système de traitement et de dessalement de l'eau Ceased WO2023202980A1 (fr)

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DE102022109435.9A DE102022109435A1 (de) 2022-04-19 2022-04-19 System zur wasseraufbereitung und entsalzung
DE102022109435.9 2022-04-19

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2155758A1 (es) * 1998-11-25 2001-05-16 Fernandez Jose Barriuso Planta desalinizadora.
WO2003068358A1 (fr) * 2002-02-11 2003-08-21 Peter Wolf Procede et dispositif pour traiter des eaux usees
US20050011743A1 (en) * 2001-10-13 2005-01-20 Hernandez Fernando Maria Hernandez Installation used to obtain salt-free sea water at a low temperature with continuous operation and enthalpy recovery
DE102014220666A1 (de) * 2014-10-13 2016-04-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Kühlung einer thermischen Aufbereitungsanlage mittels Verdunstung
WO2017013118A1 (fr) * 2015-07-21 2017-01-26 Daniel Kerschgens Dispositif solaire thermique pour produire de l'eau potable à partir d'eaux usées
CN106587237A (zh) * 2016-12-19 2017-04-26 李龙景 一种便携式太阳能海水淡化装置

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102014217280A1 (de) 2014-08-29 2016-03-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Anordnung einer Dampfturbinenanlage in Kombination mit einer thermischen Wasseraufbereitung

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2155758A1 (es) * 1998-11-25 2001-05-16 Fernandez Jose Barriuso Planta desalinizadora.
US20050011743A1 (en) * 2001-10-13 2005-01-20 Hernandez Fernando Maria Hernandez Installation used to obtain salt-free sea water at a low temperature with continuous operation and enthalpy recovery
WO2003068358A1 (fr) * 2002-02-11 2003-08-21 Peter Wolf Procede et dispositif pour traiter des eaux usees
DE102014220666A1 (de) * 2014-10-13 2016-04-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Kühlung einer thermischen Aufbereitungsanlage mittels Verdunstung
WO2017013118A1 (fr) * 2015-07-21 2017-01-26 Daniel Kerschgens Dispositif solaire thermique pour produire de l'eau potable à partir d'eaux usées
CN106587237A (zh) * 2016-12-19 2017-04-26 李龙景 一种便携式太阳能海水淡化装置

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