WO2023277137A1 - ポリテトラフルオロエチレンパウダーの製造方法およびポリテトラフルオロエチレンパウダー - Google Patents
ポリテトラフルオロエチレンパウダーの製造方法およびポリテトラフルオロエチレンパウダー Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023277137A1 WO2023277137A1 PCT/JP2022/026257 JP2022026257W WO2023277137A1 WO 2023277137 A1 WO2023277137 A1 WO 2023277137A1 JP 2022026257 W JP2022026257 W JP 2022026257W WO 2023277137 A1 WO2023277137 A1 WO 2023277137A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/18—Introducing halogen atoms or halogen-containing groups
- C08F8/20—Halogenation
- C08F8/22—Halogenation by reaction with free halogens
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
- B29C43/003—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
- B29C43/006—Pressing and sintering powders, granules or fibres
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F14/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
- C08F14/18—Monomers containing fluorine
- C08F14/26—Tetrafluoroethene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/12—Polymerisation in non-solvents
- C08F2/16—Aqueous medium
- C08F2/18—Suspension polymerisation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F214/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
- C08F214/18—Monomers containing fluorine
- C08F214/26—Tetrafluoroethene
- C08F214/262—Tetrafluoroethene with fluorinated vinyl ethers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F6/00—Post-polymerisation treatments
- C08F6/008—Treatment of solid polymer wetted by water or organic solvents, e.g. coagulum, filter cakes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F6/00—Post-polymerisation treatments
- C08F6/24—Treatment of polymer suspensions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2027/00—Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2027/12—Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as moulding material containing fluorine
- B29K2027/18—PTFE, i.e. polytetrafluorethene, e.g. ePTFE, i.e. expanded polytetrafluorethene
Definitions
- the present disclosure provides a method for producing a polytetrafluoroethylene powder, a method for producing a polytetrafluoroethylene molded article, a method for producing a polytetrafluoroethylene compression molded article, a polytetrafluoroethylene powder, a polytetrafluoroethylene molded article, and a poly It relates to a tetrafluoroethylene compression molded article.
- Emulsion polymerization and suspension polymerization are known methods for producing polytetrafluoroethylene powder.
- tetrafluoroethylene is usually polymerized in an aqueous medium in the presence of a fluorine-containing surfactant to form an aqueous dispersion in which primary particles of polytetrafluoroethylene are stably dispersed in the aqueous medium. obtain.
- Polytetrafluoroethylene fine powder is obtained by coagulating and drying the primary particles in the resulting aqueous dispersion.
- tetrafluoroethylene is usually polymerized in an aqueous medium without using a fluorine-containing surfactant or with a small amount of a fluorine-containing surfactant to obtain suspension polymerized particles.
- to generate Polytetrafluoroethylene molding powder is obtained by collecting and drying the resulting suspension polymer particles.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that a monomer containing 99.8% by mass or more of tetrafluoroethylene is subjected to suspension polymerization in an aqueous medium to form granules. a step of producing polymer particles; and a step of pulverizing the granular polymer particles, wherein the aqueous medium contains a compound represented by the following formula (1) at a concentration of 0.5 to 2000 ppm.
- R F OCF(X 1 ) CF 2 ) k ⁇ 1 OCF(X 2 ) COO ⁇ M + (1)
- R F is a perfluorinated monovalent organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms
- X 1 and X 2 are each independently a fluorine atom or a trifluoromethyl group
- k is 1 or more.
- M + is a hydrogen ion, an ammonium ion, an alkyl-substituted ammonium ion or an alkali metal ion.
- Patent Document 2 a modified polytetrafluoroethylene resin powder obtained by polymerization is brought into contact with a reactive gas containing a fluorine radical source, and then the fluorine radical source is replaced with an inert gas. , describes a method for producing modified polytetrafluoroethylene molding resin powders.
- the present disclosure provides a production method for producing polytetrafluoroethylene powder with excellent moldability and reduced acid odor, and polytetrafluoroethylene powder with excellent moldability and reduced acid odor. intended to provide
- suspension polymerized particles of non-melt processable polytetrafluoroethylene are prepared by suspension polymerizing tetrafluoroethylene in an aqueous medium, and the suspension polymerized particles are dried to obtain: Dry particles are produced, fluorine radical treatment is performed on the dry particles to produce fluorine radical-treated particles, and the fluorine radical-treated particles are pulverized to produce polytetrafluoroethylene powder.
- a method for producing polytetrafluoroethylene powder is provided.
- pulverized suspension polymer particles are prepared and then pulverized. It is preferred to dry the suspended polymerized particles. In the production method of the present disclosure, it is preferable that the dry particles have an average particle size of 100 to 800 ⁇ m. In the production method of the present disclosure, it is preferable to suspension polymerize the tetrafluoroethylene and the modified monomer. In the production method of the present disclosure, the modifying monomer is preferably perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether).
- the amount of the modifying monomer added during suspension polymerization is preferably 0.01 to 1.0% by mass with respect to the amount of polytetrafluoroethylene.
- the average particle size of the powder is 200 ⁇ m or less.
- the standard specific gravity of the powder is 2.200 or less.
- the specific surface area of the powder is 5.0 m 2 /g or less.
- the powder substantially does not contain a compound represented by the following general formula (2).
- suspension polymerization is preferably performed in the presence or absence of a surfactant, and the amount of the surfactant is preferably 2000 mass ppm or less with respect to the aqueous medium.
- a method for producing a polytetrafluoroethylene molded article in which a molded article is obtained by molding the powder after producing the powder by the above-described production method.
- a method for producing a polytetrafluoroethylene compression-molded product in which the powder is produced by the above-described production method, and then the powder is compression-molded to obtain a compression-molded product.
- a polytetrafluoroethylene powder containing non-melt-processable polytetrafluoroethylene, having an average particle diameter of 200 ⁇ m or less, and a high-temperature volatile matter content of the polytetrafluoroethylene A polytetrafluoroethylene powder is provided that is 0.010% by mass or less based on the mass of the ethylene powder.
- the polytetrafluoroethylene powder of the present disclosure preferably has a specific surface area of 5.0 m 2 /g or less. It is preferred that the molded article obtained from the polytetrafluoroethylene powder of the present disclosure has a Z value of 95 or more, measured after heating at 370° C. for 1.5 hours.
- the polytetrafluoroethylene powder of the present disclosure preferably has a standard specific gravity of 2.200 or less.
- the polytetrafluoroethylene powder of the present disclosure preferably does not substantially contain fluorine-containing compounds having hydrophilic groups.
- the fluorine-containing compound having a hydrophilic group is preferably a compound represented by the following general formula (2).
- the polytetrafluoroethylene powder of the present disclosure preferably contains substantially no fluorine-containing surfactant.
- the polytetrafluoroethylene preferably contains tetrafluoroethylene units and modified monomer units.
- the modified monomer units are preferably perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) units.
- the content of the modified monomer unit is preferably 0.01 to 1.0% by mass with respect to the total polymerized units of the polytetrafluoroethylene.
- a polytetrafluoroethylene molded article obtained by molding the above polytetrafluoroethylene powder.
- a polytetrafluoroethylene compression-molded article obtained by compression-molding the polytetrafluoroethylene powder is provided.
- a production method for producing polytetrafluoroethylene powder with excellent moldability and reduced acid odor, and polytetrafluoroethylene with excellent moldability and reduced acid odor Ethylene powder can be provided.
- the production method of the present disclosure relates to a method for producing polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) using a suspension polymerization method.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- sour odor is a "sour" odor of acidic substances such as formic acid and acetic acid, and is an odor accompanied by strong trigeminal stimulation.
- the modified polytetrafluoroethylene resin powder obtained by polymerization is dried and pulverized, and then brought into contact with a reactive gas containing a fluorine radical source.
- a reactive gas containing a fluorine radical source there is a problem that lumps of the resin powder are generated after contact with the reactive gas, and molding defects tend to occur.
- suspension polymerized particles of non-melt processable PTFE are produced by a suspension polymerization method, the obtained suspension polymerized particles are dried, and the dried particles are subjected to a fluorine radical treatment. conduct. Further, the fluorine radical-treated particles are pulverized to produce PTFE powder.
- the production method of the present disclosure performs suspension polymerization, drying, fluorine radical treatment, and pulverization in this order, PTFE powder with excellent moldability and reduced acid odor is produced. can do.
- the obtained PTFE powder has excellent moldability and reduced acid odor. Therefore, by using the PTFE powder obtained by the production method of the present disclosure, the working environment during molding can be greatly improved. It is possible to suppress the occurrence of molding defects and manufacture molded products with high productivity.
- suspension-polymerized particles of non-melt-processable PTFE are produced by suspension-polymerizing TFE in an aqueous medium.
- Suspension-polymerized PTFE particles are obtained by suspension-polymerizing TFE. Suspension polymerized particles cannot exist in a dispersed state in an aqueous medium. In contrast, when PTFE is produced by emulsion polymerization of TFE, the resulting PTFE is obtained in the form of primary particles (emulsion polymerized particles) dispersed in an aqueous medium.
- Suspension-polymerized particles usually have a larger average particle size than emulsion-polymerized particles.
- the average particle size of the suspension polymerized particles is preferably 200 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 400 ⁇ m or more, still more preferably 800 ⁇ m or more, and preferably 100 mm or less.
- the PTFE obtained by suspension polymerization is a high-molecular-weight PTFE that has non-melt processability.
- Non-melt processability means the property that the melt flow rate cannot be measured above the crystallization melting point according to ASTM D 1238 and D 2116.
- PTFE preferably has a standard specific gravity (SSG) of 2.130 to 2.280.
- Standard specific gravity can be measured according to ASTM D4894.
- ASTM D4894 ASTM D4894.
- PTFE preferably has a peak temperature of 333 to 347°C, more preferably 335 to 347°C.
- the peak temperature is the differential heat ( DTA) can be identified as the temperature corresponding to the maximum appearing on the curve.
- DTA differential heat
- PTFE has no history of heating to a temperature of 300 ° C. or higher, and the heat of fusion curve when the temperature is raised at a rate of 10 ° C./min using a differential scanning calorimeter [DSC] is in the range of 333 to 347 ° C. At least one or more endothermic peaks appear, and the heat of fusion at 290 to 350° C. calculated from the heat of fusion curve is preferably 52 mJ/mg or more.
- the heat of fusion of PTFE is more preferably 55 mJ/mg or more, still more preferably 58 mJ/mg or more.
- the PTFE may be homo-PTFE containing only TFE units, or modified PTFE containing modified monomer units based on modified monomers copolymerizable with TFE units and TFE.
- the amount of the modifying monomer added when polymerizing TFE is preferably 0.001% by mass or more, more preferably 0.01% by mass or more, and still more preferably 0.03% by mass, relative to the resulting PTFE. % by mass or more, particularly preferably 0.05% by mass or more, preferably 1.0% by mass or less, more preferably 0.8% by mass or less, and still more preferably 0.5% by mass or less and particularly preferably 0.3% by mass or less.
- the modifying monomer is not particularly limited as long as it can be copolymerized with TFE, and includes fluoromonomers and non-fluoromonomers.
- One type of modified monomer may be used, or a plurality of types may be used.
- Non-fluoromonomers include, for example, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl acrylate, propyl methacrylate butyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate, hexyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, vinyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylonitrile. , methacrylonitrile, ethyl vinyl ether, cyclohexyl vinyl ether, and the like.
- butyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate and acrylic acid are preferred.
- fluoromonomers examples include perfluoroolefins such as hexafluoropropylene [HFP]; hydrogen-containing fluoroolefins such as trifluoroethylene and vinylidene fluoride [VDF]; perhaloolefins such as chlorotrifluoroethylene; perfluoroalkyl)ethylene; perfluoroallyl ether and the like.
- HFP hexafluoropropylene
- VDF vinylidene fluoride
- perhaloolefins such as chlorotrifluoroethylene; perfluoroalkyl)ethylene; perfluoroallyl ether and the like.
- Rf represents a perfluoro organic group
- the "perfluoro organic group” means an organic group in which all hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms are substituted with fluorine atoms.
- the perfluoro organic group may have an ether oxygen.
- perfluorovinyl ether examples include perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) [PAVE] in which Rf is a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the general formula (A).
- the perfluoroalkyl group preferably has 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the perfluoroalkyl group in PAVE include perfluoromethyl group, perfluoroethyl group, perfluoropropyl group, perfluorobutyl group, perfluoropentyl group, and perfluorohexyl group.
- Rf is a perfluoro(alkoxyalkyl) group having 4 to 9 carbon atoms, and Rf is the following formula:
- Rf is the following formula: CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 —(O—CF(CF 3 )—CF 2 ) n — (wherein n represents an integer of 1 to 4).
- the (perfluoroalkyl)ethylene (PFAE) is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include (perfluorobutyl)ethylene (PFBE), (perfluorohexyl)ethylene, and the like.
- Rf in the above general formula is the same as Rf in general formula (A).
- Rf is preferably a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a perfluoroalkoxyalkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the modifying monomer is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of hexafluoropropylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, vinylidene fluoride, perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether), (perfluoroalkyl) ethylene and ethylene, and perfluoro ( alkyl vinyl ether) are more preferred.
- the modifying monomer is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of hexafluoropropylene, perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) and (perfluoroalkyl) ethylene.
- (methyl vinyl ether), perfluoro (propyl vinyl ether), (perfluorobutyl) ethylene, (perfluorohexyl) ethylene, and (perfluorooctyl) at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene is more preferred, and perfluoro At least one selected from the group consisting of (methyl vinyl ether) and perfluoro(propyl vinyl ether) is more preferable.
- Suspension polymerization is carried out, for example, by charging a reactor with a monomer such as TFE, an aqueous medium and optionally other additives, stirring the contents of the reactor, and maintaining the reactor at a predetermined polymerization temperature. Then, a predetermined amount of polymerization initiator is added to initiate the polymerization reaction. After initiation of the polymerization reaction, a monomer such as TFE, a polymerization initiator, a chain transfer agent, and the like may be additionally added depending on the purpose.
- a monomer such as TFE, a polymerization initiator, a chain transfer agent, and the like may be additionally added depending on the purpose.
- Suspension polymerization can be carried out in the presence of a polymerization initiator.
- the polymerization initiator is not particularly limited as long as it can generate radicals within the polymerization temperature range, and known oil-soluble and/or water-soluble polymerization initiators can be used. Furthermore, it can be combined with a reducing agent or the like to initiate polymerization as a redox.
- concentration of the polymerization initiator is appropriately determined according to the type of monomer, the target molecular weight of PTFE, and the reaction rate.
- a water-soluble radical polymerization initiator can be used as the polymerization initiator.
- water-soluble radical polymerization initiators include persulfates such as ammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate and alkali metal persulfates, and ionic radical initiators such as permanganates. Further, these radical polymerization initiators are used as oxidizing components, and for example, hydrazine, diimine, iron (II) sulfate, copper (II) sulfate, oxalates, sulfites, etc. are combined as reducing components to form redox initiators. may be Compounds capable of forming hydrates, such as iron (II) sulfate and copper (II) sulfate, may be either anhydrides or hydrates.
- Redox initiators include ammonium persulfate/copper (II) sulfate, ammonium persulfate/iron sulfate (II), ammonium persulfate/sodium sulfite/iron sulfate (II), ammonium persulfate/azodicarbonamide/copper sulfate (II) , ammonium persulfate/sodium azodicarboxylate/copper (II) sulfate, ammonium carbamate/copper (II) sulfate, ammonium persulfate/ammonium carbamate/copper (II) sulfate, potassium permanganate/ammonium oxalate, etc. .
- the amount of radical polymerization initiator used is adjusted so that the reaction rate can be well controlled.
- ammonium persulfate it is preferably 1-100 ppm, more preferably 1-50 ppm, and most preferably 1-10 ppm, relative to the aqueous medium.
- Suspension polymerization is carried out by polymerizing TFE in an aqueous medium while stirring.
- Aqueous medium means a liquid containing water.
- the aqueous medium is not particularly limited as long as it contains water.
- Suspension polymerization can be carried out in the presence or absence of a surfactant.
- the amount of the surfactant is preferably 2000 mass ppm or less, more preferably 1000 mass ppm or less, still more preferably 500 mass ppm or less, particularly preferably 200 mass ppm or less, relative to the aqueous medium. Yes, most preferably 100 mass ppm or less.
- the amount of surfactant may be 0 mass ppm.
- a fluorine-containing surfactant is preferable as the surfactant used for suspension polymerization.
- fluorine-containing surfactants include anionic fluorine-containing surfactants.
- the anionic fluorine-containing surfactant may be, for example, a surfactant containing fluorine atoms having a total carbon number of 20 or less in the portion excluding the anionic group.
- a fluorine-containing surfactant having an anionic moiety with a molecular weight of 1000 or less, preferably 800 or less can be used.
- the "anionic portion” means the portion of the fluorine-containing surfactant excluding cations. For example, in the case of F(CF 2 ) n1 COOM represented by formula (I) described later, it is the “F(CF 2 ) n1 COO” portion.
- the fluorine-containing surfactant also includes a fluorine-containing surfactant having a LogPOW of 3.5 or less.
- the LogPOW of the fluorine-containing surfactant is preferably 3.4 or less.
- the above LogPOW is the partition coefficient between 1-octanol and water, and LogP [wherein P is the octanol/water (1:1) mixture containing the fluorine-containing surfactant during phase separation. represents the concentration ratio of the fluorine-containing surfactant/the concentration of the fluorine-containing surfactant in water].
- fluorine-containing surfactant examples include US Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0015864, US Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0015865, US Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0015866, and US Patent US2007/0276103, US2007/0117914, US2007/142541, US2008/0015319, US3250808 Specification, US Patent No. 3271341, JP 2003-119204, WO 2005/042593, WO 2008/060461, WO 2007/046377, JP 2007-119526 Publication, International Publication No. 2007/046482, International Publication No. 2007/046345, US Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0228531, International Publication No. 2013/189824, International Publication No. 2013/189826, etc. mentioned.
- anionic fluorine-containing surfactant As the anionic fluorine-containing surfactant, the following general formula (N 0 ): X n0 ⁇ Rf n0 ⁇ Y 0 (N 0 ) (In the formula, X n0 is H, Cl or and F. Rf n0 has 3 to 20 carbon atoms and is chain, branched or cyclic, and some or all of H is replaced by F. The alkylene group may contain one or more ether bonds, and some H may be substituted with Cl. Y 0 is an anionic group.) Compound represented by is mentioned. The anionic group of Y 0 may be -COOM, -SO 2 M, or -SO 3 M, and may be -COOM or -SO 3 M.
- M is H, a metal atom, NR 74 , optionally substituted imidazolium, optionally substituted pyridinium or optionally substituted phosphonium ; is H or an organic group.
- the metal atom include alkali metals (group 1) and alkaline earth metals (group 2), such as Na, K, and Li.
- R 7 may be H or a C 1-10 organic group, may be H or a C 1-4 organic group, or may be H or a C 1-4 alkyl group.
- M may be H, a metal atom or NR 7 4 , may be H, an alkali metal (group 1), an alkaline earth metal (group 2) or NR 7 4 , H, Na, K, Li or NH4 .
- Rf n0 50% or more of H may be substituted with fluorine.
- N 1 As the compound represented by the general formula (N 0 ), the following general formula (N 1 ): X n0 ⁇ (CF 2 ) m1 ⁇ Y 0 (N 1 ) (Wherein, X n0 are H, Cl and F, m1 is an integer of 3 to 15, and Y 0 is as defined above.)
- Rf n5 is a linear or branched partially or fully fluorinated alkylene group that may contain an ether bond of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and L is a linking group; , Y 0 are as defined above, provided that the total number of carbon atoms of X n2 , X n3 , X n4 and Rf n5 is 18 or less.
- the compounds represented by the general formula (N 0 ) include perfluorocarboxylic acids (I) represented by the following general formula (I), ⁇ -H represented by the following general formula (II) Perfluorocarboxylic acid (II), perfluoroethercarboxylic acid (III) represented by the following general formula (III), perfluoroalkylalkylenecarboxylic acid (IV) represented by the following general formula (IV), the following general formula Perfluoroalkoxyfluorocarboxylic acid (V) represented by (V), perfluoroalkylsulfonic acid (VI) represented by the following general formula (VI), ⁇ -H perm represented by the following general formula (VII) fluorosulfonic acid (VII), perfluoroalkylalkylenesulfonic acid (VIII) represented by the following general formula (VIII), alkylalkylenecarboxylic acid (IX) represented by the following general formula (IX), the following general formula (X ), the
- the perfluorocarboxylic acid (I) has the following general formula (I) F( CF2 ) n1COOM (I) (Wherein, n1 is an integer of 3 to 14 , M is H, a metal atom, NR 74 , imidazolium optionally having substituents, pyridinium optionally having substituents or It is a phosphonium which may have a substituent, and R 7 is H or an organic group.).
- the ⁇ -H perfluorocarboxylic acid (II) has the following general formula (II) H(CF2) n2COOM ( II ) (wherein n2 is an integer of 4 to 15, and M is as defined above).
- the perfluoroether carboxylic acid (III) has the following general formula (III) Rf 1 -O-(CF(CF 3 )CF 2 O) n3 CF(CF 3 )COOM (III) (Wherein, Rf 1 is a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, n3 is an integer of 0 to 3, and M is as defined above.) .
- the perfluoroalkylalkylenecarboxylic acid (IV) has the following general formula (IV) Rf2(CH2)n4Rf3COOM ( IV ) (wherein Rf 2 is a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, Rf 3 is a linear or branched perfluoroalkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, n4 is a is an integer, and M is as defined above.
- the alkoxyfluorocarboxylic acid (V) has the following general formula (V) Rf4 - O - CY1Y2CF2 - COOM (V) (Wherein, Rf 4 is a linear or branched partially or fully fluorinated alkyl group which may contain an ether bond and/or a chlorine atom having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and Y 1 and Y 2 are the same or different and are H or F, and M is as defined above.
- the perfluoroalkylsulfonic acid (VI) has the following general formula (VI) F( CF2)n5SO3M ( VI ) (wherein n5 is an integer of 3 to 14, and M is as defined above).
- the ⁇ -H perfluorosulfonic acid (VII) has the following general formula (VII) H( CF2)n6SO3M ( VII ) (wherein n6 is an integer of 4 to 14, and M is as defined above).
- the perfluoroalkylalkylene sulfonic acid (VIII) has the following general formula (VIII) Rf5 ( CH2 ) n7SO3M ( VIII) (Wherein, Rf 5 is a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 13 carbon atoms, n7 is an integer of 1 to 3, and M is as defined above.) .
- the alkylalkylenecarboxylic acid (IX) has the following general formula (IX) Rf6 ( CH2 ) n8COOM (IX) (wherein Rf 6 is a linear or branched partially or fully fluorinated alkyl group which may contain an ether bond with 1 to 13 carbon atoms, n8 is an integer of 1 to 3, M is defined above.).
- the fluorocarboxylic acid (X) has the following general formula (X) Rf7 - O - Rf8 - O-CF2-COOM(X) (Wherein, Rf 7 is a linear or branched partially or fully fluorinated alkyl group that may contain an ether bond and/or a chlorine atom having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and Rf 8 is a carbon A linear or branched, partially or fully fluorinated alkyl group of numbers 1 to 6, wherein M is as defined above.).
- the alkoxyfluorosulfonic acid (XI) has the following general formula (XI) Rf9 -O - CY1Y2CF2 - SO3M (XI) (Wherein, Rf 9 is a linear or branched chain that may contain an ether bond of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and may contain chlorine, and is a partially or fully fluorinated alkyl group; 1 and Y 2 are the same or different and are H or F, and M is as defined above.
- the above compound (XII) has the following general formula (XII): (Wherein, X 1 , X 2 and X 3 may be the same or different, and may contain H, F and an ether bond having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a linear or branched partially or fully fluorinated Rf 10 is a perfluoroalkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, L is a linking group, and Y 0 is an anionic group.). Y 0 can be -COOM, -SO 2 M, or -SO 3 M, and can be -SO 3 M, or COOM, where M is as defined above. Examples of L include a single bond, a partially fluorinated alkylene group which may contain an ether bond having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and a fully fluorinated alkylene group.
- the above compound (XIII) has the following general formula (XIII): Rf 11 —O—(CF 2 CF(CF 3 )O) n9 (CF 2 O) n10 CF 2 COOM (XIII) (wherein Rf 11 is a chlorine-containing fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, n9 is an integer of 0 to 3, n10 is an integer of 0 to 3, and M is the above-defined It is represented by Compound (XIII) includes CF2ClO ( CF2CF ( CF3 )O) n9 ( CF2O ) n10CF2COONH4 ( a mixture with an average molecular weight of 750, where n9 and n10 are as defined above). There is.)
- anionic fluorine-containing surfactants examples include carboxylic acid-based surfactants, sulfonic acid-based surfactants, and the like.
- the fluorine-containing surfactant may be one type of fluorine-containing surfactant, or may be a mixture containing two or more types of fluorine-containing surfactants.
- fluorine-containing surfactants include compounds represented by the following formulas.
- a fluorine-containing surfactant may be a mixture of these compounds.
- the suspension-polymerized particles obtained by suspension polymerization in the presence of a fluorine-containing surfactant usually contain a fluorine-containing surfactant in addition to PTFE.
- Suspension-polymerized particles obtained by polymerizing monomers such as TFE and modified monomers may contain, in addition to PTFE, fluorine-containing compounds produced by polymerization of the monomers.
- the fluorine-containing compound is a compound that is not added during suspension polymerization, and includes, for example, compounds having a structure similar to that of the fluorine-containing surfactant but having a different number of carbon atoms.
- the production method of the present disclosure it is possible to produce PTFE powder in which the content of fluorine-containing compounds produced by polymerization of monomers is reduced. Further, according to the production method of the present disclosure, even when suspension polymerization is performed in the presence of a fluorine-containing surfactant, it is possible to produce a PTFE powder with a reduced content of the fluorine-containing surfactant. can be done.
- a typical fluorine-containing compound in the suspension polymerized particles is a fluorine-containing compound having a hydrophilic group with a molecular weight of 1000 g/mol or less, preferably 800 g/mol or less.
- the content of a fluorine-containing compound having a hydrophilic group with a molecular weight of 1000 g/mol or less, preferably 800 g/mol or less, in suspension polymerized particles obtained by polymerization of a monomer such as TFE is reduced.
- PTFE powder can be produced.
- the hydrophilic group possessed by the fluorine - containing compound is preferably an anionic group such as an acid group.
- M represents a cation).
- --SO 3 M or --COOM is preferable, and --COOM is more preferable.
- One embodiment of the suspension polymerized particles contains a compound represented by the following general formula (1) as a fluorine-containing compound having a hydrophilic group.
- General formula (1) [X-Rf-A - ] i M i+ (wherein X is H, Cl, Br, F or I, Rf is a linear or branched, partially fluorinated or fully fluorinated aliphatic group, or interrupted by at least one oxygen atom A linear or branched, partially fluorinated or fully fluorinated aliphatic group, A ⁇ is an acid group, M i+ is a cation having a valence i, i represents an integer of 1 to 3)
- One embodiment of the suspension polymerized particles contains a compound represented by the following general formula (2) as a fluorine-containing compound having a hydrophilic group.
- General formula (2) [C n ⁇ 1 F 2n ⁇ 1 COO ⁇ ]M + (In the formula, n is an integer of 9 to 12, and M + represents a cation.)
- the compound (perfluoroalkanoic acid) represented by the general formula (2) is known to be formed during polymerization when perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether or the like is used as a modifying monomer (International Publication No. 2019/ 161153).
- One embodiment of the suspension polymerized particles contains a compound represented by the following general formula (3) as a fluorine-containing compound having a hydrophilic group.
- General formula (3) [R 1 -OL-CO 2 - ]M + (wherein R 1 is a linear or branched partially fluorinated or fully fluorinated aliphatic group, or a linear or branched partially fluorinated or fully fluorinated aliphatic group interrupted by at least one oxygen atom).
- fluorinated aliphatic group, L is a linear or branched non-fluorinated, partially fluorinated or fully fluorinated alkylene group, M + represents a cation.
- One embodiment of the suspension polymerized particles contains a compound represented by the general formula (4) as a fluorine-containing compound having a hydrophilic group.
- General formula (4) [H-(CF 2 ) m CO 2 ⁇ ]M + (Wherein, m is an integer of 3 to 19, and M + represents a cation.)
- dry particles are then produced by drying the suspension polymerized particles.
- Suspension-polymerized particles obtained by suspension polymerization are usually obtained in a wet state.
- the water content of the suspension polymerized particles is, for example, greater than 40% by mass.
- the fluorine radical treatment can be safely performed by drying the wet suspension polymer particles and then subjecting the resulting dry particles to fluorine radical treatment.
- a method for drying the suspension polymerized particles includes, for example, a method of drying using a dryer.
- Dryers include hot air dryers, box dryers, band dryers, tunnel dryers, jet dryers, moving bed dryers, rotary dryers, fluidized bed dryers, flash dryers, disk dryers, A cylindrical stirring dryer, an inverted conical stirring dryer, a microwave device, a vacuum heat treatment device, a box-type electric furnace, a flash dryer, a vibration dryer, a belt dryer, an extrusion dryer, a spray dryer, and the like.
- the temperature for drying the suspension polymer particles is preferably less than 300°C, more preferably 280°C or less, still more preferably 250°C or less, preferably 50°C or more, and more preferably 100°C or more. , more preferably 120° C. or higher, and particularly preferably 140° C. or higher.
- the drying temperature is the temperature of the atmosphere around the suspension polymer particles, and when hot air is used for drying, it can be specified by measuring the temperature of the hot air.
- the temperature of the hot air can be measured at the supply port for supplying hot air to the dryer or at the exhaust port for discharging hot air from the dryer, but is preferably measured at the exhaust port.
- the suspension polymerized particles may be dehydrated before drying.
- Examples of the method for dehydrating the wet suspension polymer particles include a method of dehydrating using a dehydrator.
- the dehydrator includes a vibration dehydrator, a filtration dehydrator, a centrifugal dehydrator, and the like.
- the moisture content of the dry particles is preferably 40% by mass or less, more preferably 20% by mass or less, still more preferably 10% by mass or less, and the lower limit is not particularly limited, but is 0.01% by mass or more. It's okay.
- the moisture content of the dry particles can be adjusted by dehydrating or drying the suspension polymer particles.
- the moisture content of the dry particles can be calculated according to the following formula, for example, by sufficiently drying the dry particles by heating them at 150° C. for 3 hours, measuring the mass of the dry particles before and after heating.
- Moisture content (mass%) [(mass of dry particles before heating (g)) - (mass of dry particles after heating (g))] / (mass of dry particles after heating (g)) x 100
- the suspended polymer particles may be washed before drying.
- Water or an organic solvent can be used for washing the suspension polymer particles. Washing may be performed once or multiple times.
- Organic solvents used for washing include ethers, halogenated hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, pyridine, nitriles, nitrogen-containing polar organic compounds, dimethylsulfoxide, alcohols and the like.
- the suspension polymerized particles or dry particles may be pulverized before fluorine radical treatment. That is, by pulverizing the suspension polymer particles and drying the pulverized suspension polymer particles to prepare pulverized dry particles, the fluorine radical treatment may be performed, or by drying the suspension polymer particles. Alternatively, dry particles may be produced, the dry particles may be pulverized, and the pulverized dry particles may be produced, followed by fluorine radical treatment. Preferably, the suspension polymer particles are pulverized before drying the suspension polymer particles, because the drying efficiency of the suspension polymer particles is increased.
- Examples of the method of pulverizing the suspension polymer particles include a method of pulverizing using a pulverizer.
- Examples of pulverizers include impact pulverizers such as hammer mills, pin mills, and jet mills, and grinding pulverizers such as cutter mills that pulverize by shearing force generated by rotating blades and outer peripheral stators (fixed blades). .
- a plurality of pulverizers may be used in combination.
- the temperature for pulverization is preferably -200 to 50°C, more preferably 1°C or higher, more preferably 40°C or lower, and even more preferably 30°C or lower.
- the pulverization may be performed once, or may be performed repeatedly until suspension polymerized particles having a desired average particle size or desired particle size distribution are produced.
- pulverized suspension polymerized particles are produced by pulverizing the suspension polymerized particles after washing, or by pulverizing the suspension polymerized particles while washing, and the obtained suspension polymerized particles are dried. You may let
- Examples of the method of pulverizing the suspension polymer particles while washing them include a method of pulverizing the suspension polymer particles in water or an organic solvent.
- a method of pulverizing the suspension polymer particles in water or an organic solvent may be simultaneously supplied to a grinding-type pulverizer such as a cutter mill to pulverize the suspension polymer particles, or water or an organic solvent and suspension polymer particles may be pulverized.
- the suspension polymerized particles may be ground by premixing and feeding the mixture to a grinder.
- the average particle size of the suspension polymer particles after pulverization is preferably 800 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 600 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 400 ⁇ m or less, and preferably 100 ⁇ m or more. more preferably 150 ⁇ m or more, and still more preferably 200 ⁇ m or more.
- fluorine radical treatment In the production method of the present disclosure, fluorine radical-treated particles are then produced by subjecting the obtained dry particles to fluorine radical treatment.
- the fluorine radical treatment method includes, for example, a method of exposing dry particles to a fluorine radical source that generates fluorine radicals.
- Fluorine radical sources include fluorine gas, CoF 3 , AgF 2 , UF 6 , OF 2 , N 2 F 2 , CF 3 OF, and halogen fluorides (for example, IF such as IF, IF 3 , IF 5 and IF 7 ).
- n is an integer of 1 to 7
- ClF, ClF 3 , BrF 3 etc. noble gas fluorides
- XeF 2 , XeF 4 , KrF 2 etc. noble gas fluorides
- nitrogen-containing fluorine compounds eg NF 3 , NF 2 etc.
- fluorine gas is most preferable from the viewpoints of ease of handling and cost, ability to quickly remove acid odor, and resistance to addition of new impurities such as iodine.
- the fluorine radical source may be diluted with an inert gas such as nitrogen.
- any apparatus equipped with a heating device and capable of sufficient solid-gas contact can be used without any problems.
- Specific examples include a fluidized bed type and tray type solid-gas contact reactor.
- the fluorine radical treatment is preferably performed in a sealable container in which the dry particles and the fluorine radical source are sealed.
- the pressure for fluorine radical treatment is not particularly limited.
- the fluorine radical treatment may be performed under pressure or under normal pressure.
- the fluorine radical treatment can be performed, for example, at 0-0.20 MPaG.
- dry particles and a fluorine radical source can be placed in a stainless steel container and hermetically sealed so that the pressure inside the container becomes normal pressure. This aspect is particularly advantageous in terms of production stability.
- the fluorine radical treatment is preferably carried out by a constant flow method (a method in which a fluorine radical source is constantly circulated in a container containing dry particles).
- the level of fluorine radical source in the fluorine radical source/inert gas mixture can be from 1 to 100 vol. preferable.
- the fluorine radical source/inert gas mixture may be sufficiently diluted to prevent overheating of the dry particles and the attendant fire hazard.
- the temperature of the fluorine radical treatment is preferably 100° C. or higher, more preferably 150° C. or higher, still more preferably 170° C. or higher, even more preferably 200° C. or higher, and even more preferably 210° C. or higher. , particularly preferably 210° C. or higher, and most preferably 230° C. or higher.
- the temperature of fluorine radical treatment is preferably 310° C. or lower, more preferably 300° C. or lower, still more preferably 290° C. or lower, even more preferably 280° C. or lower, and even more preferably 270° C. °C or lower, particularly preferably 250°C or lower, and most preferably 240°C or lower.
- the fluorine radical treatment temperature is too low, it may not be possible to sufficiently remove the acid odor. If the fluorine radical treatment temperature is too high, friction between PTFE particles will easily cause fibrillation even with a small shearing force, and the original state of the grain structure will be easily lost, possibly resulting in a decrease in moldability.
- the fluorine radical treatment time (the time during which the dry particles are brought into contact with the fluorine radical source) is 240 minutes or less, 120 minutes or less, 60 minutes or less, 30 minutes or less, 15 minutes or less, 5 minutes or less, or 1 minute or less. preferable. In particular, from the viewpoint of cost, less than 60 minutes, 30 minutes or less, 15 minutes or less, 5 minutes or less, or 1 minute or less are preferable.
- the fluorine radical treatment time may be, for example, 1 second or longer.
- the amount of the fluorine radical source to be added is 0.01 parts by mass or more, 0.03 parts by mass or more, relative to 100 parts by mass of the dry particles. 0.05 parts by mass or more, 0.10 parts by mass or more, 0.15 parts by mass or more, 0.30 parts by mass or more, 0.50 parts by mass or more, 0.75 parts by mass or more, 1.0 parts by mass or more, 3 0 mass parts or more, or 5.0 mass parts or more are preferable.
- the amount of the fluorine radical source to be added is preferably 25 parts by mass or less, 20 parts by mass or less, or 15 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the dry particles. If the added amount of the fluorine radical source is too small, it may not be possible to sufficiently remove the sour odor. If the added amount of the fluorine radical source is too large, the effect of the fluorine radical treatment will not be improved, and it may become uneconomical.
- the combination is, in order of preference, 100° C. or higher and 3.00 parts by mass or higher, and 100° C. or higher and 5.00 parts by mass or higher.
- the above combinations are 150°C or higher and 0.50 parts by mass or higher, 150°C or higher and 0.75 parts by mass or higher, 150°C or higher and 1.0 parts by mass or higher, and 150°C or more and 3.0 parts by mass or more, and 150° C. or more and 5.0 parts by mass or more.
- the above combinations are 170°C or higher and 0.50 parts by mass or higher, 170°C or higher and 0.75 parts by mass or higher, 170°C or higher and 1.0 parts by mass or higher, and 170°C or more and 3.0 parts by mass or more, and 170° C. or more and 5.0 parts by mass or more.
- the above combinations are 200° C. or higher and 0.03 parts by mass or higher, 200° C. or higher and 0.05 parts by mass or higher, 200° C. or higher and 0.10 parts by mass or higher, and 200° C. 0.15 parts by mass or more, 200 ° C. or higher and 0.30 parts by mass or more, 200 ° C.
- the above combinations are 210°C or higher and 0.03 parts by mass or higher, 210°C or higher and 0.05 parts by mass or higher, 210°C or higher and 0.10 parts by mass or higher, and 210°C. 0.15 parts by mass or more, 210° C. or higher and 0.30 parts by mass or more, 210° C. or higher and 0.50 parts by mass or more, 210° C.
- 210° C. or higher and 0.75 parts by mass or more It is 210° C. or higher and 1.0 parts by mass or more, 210° C. or higher and 3.0 parts by mass or higher, and 210° C. or higher and 5.0 parts by mass or higher.
- the above combinations are 210°C or higher and 0.01 parts by mass or higher, 210°C or higher and 0.03 parts by mass or higher, 210°C or higher and 0.05 parts by mass or higher, and 210°C. 0.10 parts by mass or more, 210 ° C. or higher and 0.15 parts by mass or more, 210 ° C. or higher and 0.30 parts by mass or more, 210 ° C. or higher and 0.50 parts by mass or more, 210° C.
- the above combinations are 230°C or higher and 0.01 parts by mass or higher, 230°C or higher and 0.03 parts by mass or higher, 230°C or higher and 0.05 parts by mass or higher, and 230°C 0.10 parts by mass or more, 230° C. or higher and 0.15 parts by mass or more, 230° C. or higher and 0.30 parts by mass or more, 230° C. or higher and 0.50 parts by mass or more, 230° C. or higher and 0.75 parts by mass or more, 230° C. or higher and 1.0 parts by mass or higher, 230° C. or higher and 3.0 parts by mass or higher, 230° C. or higher and 5.0 parts by mass or higher be.
- the amount of the fluorine radical source to be added when the fluorine radical treatment is carried out by flow-through treatment can be calculated by the following formula, and is expressed as the amount (parts by mass) to be added with respect to 100 parts by mass of the dry particles.
- A (B/F) x 100
- B Total fluorine radical source addition amount (g)
- C Fluorine radical source concentration in mixed gas (g/mL)
- D mixed gas flow rate (mL/min)
- E Fluorine radical treatment time (min)
- H Ratio of fluorine radical source in mixed gas (mass ratio)
- P absolute pressure
- P 8.31 ⁇ 10 3
- the amount of the fluorine radical source added is 0 per 100 parts by mass of the dry particles. 0.01 parts by mass or more, 0.03 parts by mass or more, 0.05 parts by mass or more, 0.10 parts by mass or more, 0.15 parts by mass or more, 0.30 parts by mass or more, 0.50 parts by mass or more, or 0.75 parts by mass or more is preferable.
- the amount of the fluorine radical source to be added is preferably 5.0 parts by mass or less, or 3.0 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the dry particles.
- the added amount of the fluorine radical source is too small, it may not be possible to sufficiently remove the sour odor. If the added amount of the fluorine radical source is too large, the effect of the fluorine radical treatment will not be improved, and it may become uneconomical.
- a more detailed example of a suitable combination of the temperature of the fluorine radical treatment and the amount of the fluorine radical source to be added when the fluorine radical treatment is performed in a batch process will be exemplified.
- the above combination is preferably 100° C. or higher and 0.75 parts by mass or higher.
- the above combinations are, in order of preference, 150° C. or higher and 0.30 parts by mass or more, 150° C. or higher and 0.50 parts by mass or higher, and 150° C. or higher and 0.75 parts by mass or higher.
- the above combinations are, in order of preference, 170° C. or higher and 0.30 parts by mass or more, 170° C. or higher and 0.50 parts by mass or higher, and 170° C. or higher and 0.75 parts by mass or higher.
- the above combinations are 200°C or higher and 0.01 parts by mass or higher, 200°C or higher and 0.03 parts by mass or higher, 200°C or higher and 0.05 parts by mass or higher, and 200°C 0.10 parts by mass or more, 200 ° C. or higher and 0.15 parts by mass or more, 200 ° C. or higher and 0.30 parts by mass or more, 200 ° C. or higher and 0.50 parts by mass or more, It is 200° C. or higher and 0.75 parts by mass or higher.
- the above combinations, in order of preference are 210°C or higher and 0.01 parts by mass or higher, 210°C or higher and 0.03 parts by mass or higher, 210°C or higher and 0.05 parts by mass or higher, and 210°C.
- 0.10 parts by mass or more 210 ° C. or higher and 0.15 parts by mass or more, 210 ° C. or higher and 0.30 parts by mass or more, 210 ° C. or higher and 0.50 parts by mass or more, It is 210° C. or higher and 0.75 parts by mass or higher.
- the above combinations are 220°C or higher and 0.01 parts by mass or higher, 220°C or higher and 0.03 parts by mass or higher, 220°C or higher and 0.05 parts by mass or higher, and 220°C. 0.10 parts by mass or more, 220° C. or higher and 0.15 parts by mass or more, 220° C. or higher and 0.30 parts by mass or more, 220° C.
- the above combinations are 230°C or higher and 0.01 parts by mass or higher, 230°C or higher and 0.03 parts by mass or higher, 230°C or higher and 0.05 parts by mass or higher, and 230°C 0.10 parts by mass or more, 230° C. or higher and 0.15 parts by mass or more, 230° C. or higher and 0.30 parts by mass or more, 230° C. or higher and 0.50 parts by mass or more, It is 230° C. or higher and 0.75 parts by mass or higher.
- the amount of the fluorine radical source to be added when the fluorine radical treatment is performed in a batch process can be calculated by the following formula, and is expressed as the amount (parts by mass) added to 100 parts by mass of the dry particles.
- A (B/F) x 100
- B G ⁇ H ⁇ PF ⁇ V 1 /(R ⁇ T)
- P F P 2 -P 1
- V 1 V ⁇ Vp
- B Total fluorine radical source addition amount (g)
- PF absolute pressure
- P 1 Absolute pressure (Pa) before introduction of fluorine radical source
- P 2 Absolute pressure (Pa)
- the fluorine radical treatment may be performed multiple times. For example, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 removal steps may be performed.
- the obtained fluorine radical-treated particles are pulverized to produce PTFE powder.
- pulverizing the fluorine radical-treated particles after the fluorine radical treatment it is possible to produce a PTFE powder that not only has a reduced acid odor but also has excellent moldability.
- Pulverization of fluorine radical-treated particles is performed by dry pulverization.
- Examples of the method of pulverizing the fluorine radical-treated particles include a method of pulverizing using a pulverizer.
- Examples of pulverizers include impact pulverizers such as hammer mills, pin mills, and jet mills, and grinding pulverizers such as cutter mills that pulverize by shearing force generated by rotating blades and outer peripheral stators (fixed blades). .
- a plurality of pulverizers may be used in combination.
- the temperature for pulverization is preferably -200 to 50°C, more preferably 1°C or higher, more preferably 40°C or lower, and even more preferably 30°C or lower.
- the pulverization may be performed once, or may be performed repeatedly until a PTFE powder having a desired average particle size or desired particle size distribution is produced.
- the resulting pulverized particles may be classified by a known method such as airflow classification. Classification removes fine particles with a very small particle size and coarse particles with a very large particle size to obtain a PTFE powder having a desired average particle size or a desired particle size distribution.
- PTFE powder is obtained by pulverizing the fluorine radical-treated particles.
- the powder obtained by the production method of the present disclosure is generally called molding powder because it is obtained from suspension polymerized particles obtained by suspension polymerization.
- the present disclosure is a PTFE powder containing non-melt-processable PTFE, having an average particle size of 200 ⁇ m or less, and a high-temperature volatile matter content of 0.010% by mass or less based on the mass of the PTFE powder. It also relates to a PTFE powder that is Since the PTFE powder of the present disclosure has such a structure, it has excellent moldability and does not easily give off a sour odor.
- the PTFE powder of the present disclosure can be produced by the production method described above. That is, the PTFE powder of the present disclosure may be commonly referred to as molding powder.
- the average particle size of the PTFE powder is preferably 200 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 100 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably less than 100 ⁇ m, even more preferably 70 ⁇ m or less, particularly preferably 50 ⁇ m or less, most preferably 30 ⁇ m or less, and preferably 1 ⁇ m or more. , more preferably 5 ⁇ m or more, still more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, even more preferably 15 ⁇ m or more, and particularly preferably 20 ⁇ m or more. If the average particle size of the PTFE powder is too large, the moldability of the powder deteriorates, and molding defects tend to occur in the molded product. If the average particle size of the PTFE powder is too small, it tends to be poor in handleability.
- the average particle size of PTFE powder is the 50% cumulative particle size measured by laser diffraction.
- the average particle size of other particles such as suspension polymerized particles is also the 50% cumulative particle size measured by the laser diffraction method.
- the content of high-temperature volatiles in the PTFE powder is preferably 0.010% by mass or less, more preferably 0.005% by mass or less, and still more preferably 0.003% by mass, relative to the mass of the PTFE powder. or less, and particularly preferably 0.002% by mass or less.
- the content of high-temperature volatiles in the PTFE powder can be calculated according to JIS K 6891 by measuring the mass after heating the PTFE powder at 370° C. for 2 hours and using the following formula.
- High-temperature volatiles (% by mass) [(mass of PTFE powder before heating (g)) - (mass of PTFE powder after heating (g))]/(mass of PTFE powder before heating (g)) x 100
- the Z value of the PTFE powder is preferably 95 or higher, more preferably 97 or higher, and even more preferably 98 or higher.
- the Z value of PTFE powder can be measured by the following method. 210 g of PTFE powder is weighed, a mold with a diameter of 50 mm is used, and a molding ram speed of 13 mm/min and a molding pressure of 29.4 MPa are maintained for 5 minutes to form a block of 50 mm (diameter) ⁇ 50 mm (height). The block is fired at 370°C for 1.5 hours. Using a lathe, the block is split horizontally, and the degree of coloration of the central portion is measured with a colorimetric colorimeter based on JIS Z 8722 to obtain the value of Z.
- the standard specific gravity of PTFE powder may be 2.130 to 2.280, preferably 2.200 or less, more preferably 2.135 or more.
- the standard specific gravity of PTFE powder can be measured according to ASTM D4894.
- the specific surface area of the PTFE powder is preferably 5.0 m 2 /g or less, more preferably 4.5 m 2 /g or less, still more preferably 4.0 m 2 /g or less, preferably 0.1 m 2 /g or less. 2 /g or more, more preferably 1.0 m 2 /g or more.
- the specific surface area of PTFE powder can be measured according to JIS Z8830 by using a mixed gas of 30% nitrogen and 70% helium as a carrier gas and cooling with liquid nitrogen by the BET method.
- the apparent density of the PTFE powder is preferably 0.55 g/cm 3 or less, more preferably 0.50 g/cm 3 or less, still more preferably 0.45 g/cm 3 or less, preferably 0.15 g. /cm 3 or more, more preferably 0.20 g/cm 3 or more, and still more preferably 0.25 g/cm 3 or more.
- the apparent density of PTFE powder can be measured according to JIS K 6891.
- the PTFE contained in the PTFE powder may be homo-PTFE containing only TFE units, or modified PTFE containing modified monomer units based on TFE units and modified monomers copolymerizable with TFE.
- Modified monomers that form modified monomer units include modified monomers used in the production method of the present disclosure, and the same modified monomers as those used in the production method of the present disclosure are preferred.
- the content of modified monomer units in PTFE is preferably 0.001% by mass or more, more preferably 0.01% by mass or more, and still more preferably 0.01% by mass or more, based on the total polymerized units constituting PTFE.
- each monomer unit constituting PTFE can be calculated by appropriately combining NMR, FT-IR, elemental analysis, and fluorescent X-ray analysis depending on the type of monomer. Also, the content of each monomer unit constituting PTFE can be obtained by calculation from the added amount of the modifying monomer used in the polymerization.
- One embodiment of the PTFE powder contains a fluorine-containing compound.
- An embodiment of the PTFE powder contains substantially no fluorine-containing compounds.
- the fluorine-containing compound is a compound that is not added during suspension polymerization, as described above.
- Typical fluorine-containing compounds are fluorine-containing compounds having a hydrophilic group with a molecular weight of 1000 g/mol or less, preferably 800 g/mol or less.
- An embodiment of the PTFE powder does not substantially contain a compound represented by the following general formula (1) as a fluorine-containing compound having a hydrophilic group.
- General formula (1) [X-Rf-A - ] i M i+ (wherein X is H, Cl, Br, F or I, Rf is a linear or branched, partially fluorinated or fully fluorinated aliphatic group, or interrupted by at least one oxygen atom A linear or branched, partially fluorinated or fully fluorinated aliphatic group, A ⁇ is an acid group, M i+ is a cation having a valence i, i represents an integer of 1 to 3)
- An embodiment of the PTFE powder does not substantially contain a compound represented by the following general formula (2) as a fluorine-containing compound having a hydrophilic group.
- General formula (2) [C n ⁇ 1 F 2n ⁇ 1 COO ⁇ ]M + (In the formula, n is an integer of 9 to 12, and M + represents a cation.)
- the compound (perfluoroalkanoic acid) represented by the general formula (2) is known to be formed during polymerization when perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether or the like is used as a modifying monomer (International Publication No. 2019/ 161153).
- One embodiment of the PTFE powder does not substantially contain a compound represented by the following general formula (3) as a fluorine-containing compound having a hydrophilic group.
- General formula (3) [R 1 -OL-CO 2 - ]M + (wherein R 1 is a linear or branched partially fluorinated or fully fluorinated aliphatic group, or a linear or branched partially fluorinated or fully fluorinated aliphatic group interrupted by at least one oxygen atom).
- fluorinated aliphatic group, L is a linear or branched non-fluorinated, partially fluorinated or fully fluorinated alkylene group, M + represents a cation.
- One embodiment of the PTFE powder does not substantially contain the compound represented by the general formula (4) as the fluorine-containing compound having a hydrophilic group.
- General formula (4) [H-(CF 2 ) m CO 2 ⁇ ]M + (Wherein, m is an integer of 3 to 19, and M + represents a cation.)
- substantially free of fluorine-containing compounds means that the content of fluorine-containing compounds (fluorine-containing compounds generated by polymerization of monomers) in the PTFE powder is It means that it is 50 mass ppb or less with respect to PTFE.
- the content of the fluorine-containing compound (fluorine-containing compound having a hydrophilic group) in the PTFE powder is preferably 35 mass ppb or less, more preferably 25 mass ppb or less, still more preferably 10 mass ppb or less, Even more preferably, it is 1 mass ppb or less, and particularly preferably, the fluorine-containing surfactant is below the detection limit as measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS).
- LC/MS liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
- the content of the fluorine-containing compound can be quantified by a known method. For example, it can be quantified by LC/MS analysis. First, methanol is added to the PTFE powder for extraction, and the obtained extract is subjected to LC/MS analysis. In order to further increase the extraction efficiency, a treatment such as Soxhlet extraction, ultrasonic treatment, or the like may be performed. Molecular weight information is extracted from the obtained LC/MS spectrum, and conformity with the structural formula of the candidate fluorine-containing compound (fluorine-containing compound having a hydrophilic group) is confirmed.
- LC/MS analysis First, methanol is added to the PTFE powder for extraction, and the obtained extract is subjected to LC/MS analysis. In order to further increase the extraction efficiency, a treatment such as Soxhlet extraction, ultrasonic treatment, or the like may be performed. Molecular weight information is extracted from the obtained LC/MS spectrum, and conformity with the structural formula of the candidate fluorine-containing compound (fluorine-containing
- An embodiment of the PTFE powder contains a fluorine-containing surfactant.
- One embodiment of the PTFE powder contains a fluorine-containing compound and a fluorine-containing surfactant.
- the PTFE powder contains substantially no fluorine-containing surfactant.
- substantially free of fluorine-containing surfactant means that the content of fluorine-containing surfactant in the PTFE powder is 50 mass ppb or less.
- the content of the fluorine-containing surfactant in the PTFE powder is preferably 35 mass ppb or less, more preferably 25 mass ppb or less, still more preferably 10 mass ppb or less, and even more preferably 1 mass ppb. and more preferably, the fluorine-containing surfactant is below the detection limit as measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS).
- the content of the fluorine-containing surfactant can be quantified by a known method. For example, it can be quantified by LC/MS analysis. First, methanol is added to the PTFE powder for extraction, and the obtained extract is subjected to LC/MS analysis. In order to further increase the extraction efficiency, a treatment such as Soxhlet extraction, ultrasonic treatment, or the like may be performed. Molecular weight information is extracted from the obtained LC/MS spectrum, and conformity with the structural formula of the candidate fluorine-containing surfactant is confirmed.
- aqueous solutions with 5 or more levels of content of the confirmed fluorine-containing surfactant were prepared, and the aqueous solutions with each content were analyzed by LC/MS to determine the content and the relationship between the area area and the content. Plot and draw a standard curve. Then, using the calibration curve, the area area of the LC/MS chromatogram of the fluorine-containing surfactant in the extract can be converted to the content of the fluorine-containing surfactant.
- the hydrogen fluoride concentration of the PTFE powder is 4.0 mass ppm or less, 3.0 mass ppm or less, 2.0 mass ppm or less, 1.0 mass ppm or less, 0.50 mass ppm or less, and 0.10 mass ppm or less. , or preferably less than 0.05 mass ppm.
- the hydrogen fluoride concentration of the PTFE powder can be measured using a hydrogen fluoride detector tube.
- a PTFE molded article can be obtained by molding the powder obtained by the manufacturing method of the present disclosure and the PTFE powder of the present disclosure.
- the powder obtained by the production method of the present disclosure and the PTFE powder of the present disclosure have excellent moldability and reduced acid odor. It is possible to improve, suppress the occurrence of molding defects, and manufacture molded products with high productivity.
- Examples of methods for molding PTFE powder include compression molding, ram extrusion molding, and isostatic compression molding. Compression molding is particularly preferable as the molding method.
- a PTFE compression-molded article is obtained by compression-molding the PTFE powder.
- a mold In compression molding, generally, a mold is filled with PTFE powder and compressed to prepare a preform, and the obtained preform is placed in a furnace for sintering and cooling to produce a compression molded product.
- the powder obtained by the manufacturing method of the present disclosure and the PTFE powder of the present disclosure have excellent moldability, they can be easily filled into a mold and can be uniformly filled into the mold. Furthermore, by using these powders, it is possible to obtain a dense molded article free from color unevenness and voids.
- PTFE powder is filled in a mold, the PTFE powder is compressed at 1 to 100 MPa, and the preform obtained by compression is heated to 345 to 400 ° C. and sintered. It can be carried out.
- the PTFE molded article may be processed to produce a molded article having a desired shape.
- a PTFE sheet can be obtained by cutting a PTFE molded product.
- the PTFE sheets obtained can be used as lining sheets, packings, gaskets and diaphragm valves.
- the obtained PTFE sheet can be used for heat-resistant wires, heat-resistant insulating tapes for vehicle motors and generators, release sheets, and the like.
- PTFE molded products can also be used for sealing materials, casings, sleeves, bellows, hoses, piston rings, butterfly valves, square tanks, wafer carriers, and the like.
- the powder obtained by the manufacturing method of the present disclosure and the PTFE powder of the present disclosure can also be used as raw materials for granulation and compounds.
- the powder obtained by the manufacturing method of the present disclosure and the PTFE powder of the present disclosure may be granulated by a known granulation method.
- a filler may be appropriately added to the powder obtained by the manufacturing method of the present disclosure and the PTFE powder of the present disclosure.
- the molding powder containing the filler may be granulated by a known granulation method. The resulting granules and molding material can be molded in the same manner as the PTFE powder is molded.
- Moisture content (% by mass) [(mass of pulverized particles before heating (g)) - (mass of pulverized particles after heating (g))) / (mass of pulverized particles after heating (g)] x 100
- ⁇ Degree of coloring> Weigh 210 g of PTFE powder. Using a mold with a diameter of 50 mm, a molding ram speed of 13 mm/min and a molding pressure of 29.4 MPa are maintained for 5 minutes to create a block of 50 mm (diameter) ⁇ 50 mm (height). The block is fired at 370° C. for 1.5 hours. Using a lathe, the block was horizontally split, and the degree of coloration of the center portion was measured with a colorimetric colorimeter based on JIS Z 8722, and the value of Z was evaluated.
- the specific surface area of the PTFE powder was measured by the BET method (flow method, one-point method) based on JIS Z8830 using a mixed gas of 30% nitrogen and 70% helium as a carrier gas and liquid nitrogen for cooling. .
- BET method flow method, one-point method
- Macsorb HM Model-1210 was used as an apparatus.
- PPVE content in PTFE was obtained by press - molding PTFE powder into a thin film disk, and measuring the infrared absorbance of the thin film disk by FT - IR. It was obtained by multiplying by 14.
- Tetrafluoroethylene was polymerized by the method described in Production Example 3 of WO 2003/035724.
- the charged amount of PPVE was 85 g, and no surfactant was used.
- the obtained PTFE suspension polymer particles were taken out and washed twice with pure water. Simultaneously with the washing, it was pulverized to an average particle size of 350 ⁇ m with a line mixer to obtain pulverized PTFE particles.
- the obtained PTFE pulverized particles were subjected to vibration dehydration to reduce the water content to 5% by mass to obtain dehydrated pulverized particles.
- PTFE dry particles were obtained.
- the average particle size of the obtained PTFE dry particles was 350 ⁇ m.
- Comparative example 1 The PTFE dry particles obtained in Production Example 1 were pulverized by an air jet mill without being subjected to fluorine radical treatment to obtain PTFE powder.
- the concentration of hydrogen fluoride was 4.8 ppm by mass, and a sour odor was felt.
- the fluorine radical-treated particles were pulverized with an air jet mill to obtain PTFE powder.
- the hydrogen fluoride concentration was less than 0.05 ppm by mass, and no sour smell was felt.
- the specific surface area of the obtained PTFE powder was 3.5 m 2 /g.
- the PPVE content in the obtained PTFE was 0.062% by mass.
- Example 2 A PTFE powder was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the treatment time with the mixed gas was changed from 120 minutes to 15 minutes.
- the hydrogen fluoride concentration was less than 0.05 ppm by mass, and no sour smell was felt.
- the specific surface area of the obtained PTFE powder was 3.6 m 2 /g.
- Example 3 A PTFE powder was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the reaction temperature with the mixed gas was changed from 200° C. to 150° C. and the treatment time was changed from 120 minutes to 240 minutes.
- the hydrogen fluoride concentration was less than 0.05 ppm by mass, and no sour smell was felt.
- Example 4 A PTFE powder was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the reaction temperature with the mixed gas was changed from 200° C. to 250° C. and the treatment time was changed from 120 minutes to 15 minutes.
- the hydrogen fluoride concentration was less than 0.05 ppm by mass, and no sour smell was felt.
- Comparative example 2 The PTFE dry particles obtained in Production Example 1 were pulverized with an air jet mill so as to have an average particle size of about 30 ⁇ m. The dry pulverized particles were subjected to fluorine radical treatment in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain fluorine radical-treated particles.
- the fluorine radical-treated particles contained large lumps with a particle size of 900 ⁇ m or more, and the average particle size could not be measured because the average particle size exceeded the measurement range of the above-described measuring method.
- the hydrogen fluoride concentration was less than 0.05 ppm by mass, and no sour smell was felt.
- a starch/iodide test was performed to confirm the absence of fluorine gas in the inert gas by the presence or absence of coloration of the indicator.
- the temperature of the reactor was cooled to room temperature, and the fluorine radical-treated particles were recovered.
- the fluorine radical-treated particles were pulverized with a cutter mill to obtain PTFE powder.
- the average particle size was 25 ⁇ m, and no sour odor was felt.
- Example 6 A PTFE powder was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5, except that the reaction temperature with the mixed gas was changed from 150°C to 200°C. The average particle size was 25 ⁇ m. I didn't smell any sourness.
- Example 7 A PTFE powder was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5, except that the time for which the mixed gas was circulated was changed from 15 minutes to 1 minute. The average particle size was 30 ⁇ m, and no sour odor was felt.
- Example 8 A PTFE powder was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the reaction temperature with the mixed gas was changed from 150°C to 250°C. The average particle size was 27 ⁇ m, and no sour odor was felt.
- Example 9 A PTFE powder was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the reaction temperature with the mixed gas was changed from 150° C. to 250° C. and the reaction time was changed from 15 minutes to 1 minute. The average particle size was 29 ⁇ m, and no sour odor was felt.
- Table 3 shows the physical properties of the PTFE powder.
- Table 4 shows the content of the compound represented by the general formula (2).
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Abstract
Description
RF(OCF(X1)CF2)k-1OCF(X2)COO-M+ …(1)
(式中、RFは炭素数1~10のペルフルオロ化された1価の有機基であり、X1およびX2は、それぞれ独立に、フッ素原子またはトリフルオロメチル基であり、kは1以上の整数であり、M+は水素イオン、アンモニウムイオン、アルキル置換アンモニウムイオンまたはアルカリ金属イオンである。)
本開示の製造方法において、前記乾燥粒子の平均粒子径が100~800μmであることが好ましい。
本開示の製造方法において、テトラフルオロエチレンおよび変性モノマーを懸濁重合することが好ましい。
本開示の製造方法において、前記変性モノマーが、パーフルオロ(アルキルビニルエーテル)であることが好ましい。
本開示の製造方法において、懸濁重合の際に添加する前記変性モノマーの量が、ポリテトラフルオロエチレンの量に対して、0.01~1.0質量%であることが好ましい。
本開示の製造方法において、前記パウダーの平均粒子径が200μm以下であることが好ましい。
本開示の製造方法において、前記パウダーの標準比重が、2.200以下であることが好ましい。
本開示の製造方法において、前記パウダーの比表面積が、5.0m2/g以下であることが好ましい。
本開示の製造方法において、前記パウダーが下記の一般式(2)で表される化合物を実質的に含有しないことが好ましい。
一般式(2):[Cn-1F2n-1COO-]M+
(式中、nは9~12の整数、M+はカチオンを表す。)
本開示の製造方法において、界面活性剤の存在下または非存在下に懸濁重合し、前記界面活性剤の量が、前記水性媒体に対して、2000質量ppm以下であることが好ましい。
本開示のポリテトラフルオロエチレンパウダーから得られる成形品を370℃で1.5時間加熱した後に測定するZ値が95以上であることが好ましい。
本開示のポリテトラフルオロエチレンパウダーは、標準比重が、2.200以下であることが好ましい。
本開示のポリテトラフルオロエチレンパウダーは、実質的に親水基を有する含フッ素化合物を含有しないことが好ましい。
本開示のポリテトラフルオロエチレンパウダーにおいて、前記親水基を有する含フッ素化合物が、下記の一般式(2)で表される化合物であることが好ましい。
一般式(2):[Cn-1F2n-1COO-]M+
(式中、nは9~12の整数、M+はカチオンを表す。)
本開示のポリテトラフルオロエチレンパウダーは、実質的に含フッ素界面活性剤を含有しないことが好ましい。
本開示のポリテトラフルオロエチレンパウダーにおいて、前記ポリテトラフルオロエチレンが、テトラフルオロエチレン単位および変性モノマー単位を含有することが好ましい。
本開示のポリテトラフルオロエチレンパウダーにおいて、前記変性モノマー単位が、パーフルオロ(アルキルビニルエーテル)単位であることが好ましい。
本開示のポリテトラフルオロエチレンパウダーにおいて、前記変性モノマー単位の含有量が、前記ポリテトラフルオロエチレンの全重合単位に対して、0.01~1.0質量%であることが好ましい。
本開示の製造方法においては、まず、TFEを水性媒体中で懸濁重合することにより、非溶融加工性のPTFEの懸濁重合粒子を作製する。
CH2=CRQ1-LRQ2
(式中、RQ1は、水素原子またはアルキル基を表す。Lは、単結合、-CO-O-*、-O-CO-*または-O-を表す。*はRQ2との結合位置を表す。RQ2は、水素原子、アルキル基またはニトリル基を表す。)で表されるモノマーが挙げられる。
CF2=CF-ORf (A)
(式中、Rfは、パーフルオロ有機基を表す。)で表されるパーフルオロ不飽和化合物等が挙げられる。本開示において、上記「パーフルオロ有機基」とは、炭素原子に結合する水素原子が全てフッ素原子に置換されてなる有機基を意味する。上記パーフルオロ有機基は、エーテル酸素を有していてもよい。
CF3CF2CF2-(O-CF(CF3)-CF2)n-
(式中、nは、1~4の整数を表す。)で表される基であるもの等が挙げられる。
一般式:CF2=CF-CF2-ORf
(式中、Rfは、パーフルオロ有機基を表す。)で表されるフルオロモノマーが挙げられる。
Xn0-Rfn0-Y0 (N0)
(式中、Xn0は、H、Cl又は及びFである。Rfn0は、炭素数3~20で、鎖状、分枝鎖状または環状で、一部または全てのHがFにより置換されたアルキレン基であり、該アルキレン基は1つ以上のエーテル結合を含んでもよく、一部のHがClにより置換されていてもよい。Y0はアニオン性基である。)で表される化合物が挙げられる。
Y0のアニオン性基は、-COOM、-SO2M、又は、-SO3Mであってよく、-COOM、又は、-SO3Mであってよい。
Mは、H、金属原子、NR7 4、置換基を有していてもよいイミダゾリウム、置換基を有していてもよいピリジニウム又は置換基を有していてもよいホスホニウムであり、R7は、H又は有機基である。
上記金属原子としては、アルカリ金属(1族)、アルカリ土類金属(2族)等が挙げられ、たとえば、Na、K又はLiである。
R7としては、H又はC1-10の有機基であってよく、H又はC1-4の有機基であってよく、H又はC1-4のアルキル基であってよい。
Mは、H、金属原子又はNR7 4であってよく、H、アルカリ金属(1族)、アルカリ土類金属(2族)又はNR7 4であってよく、H、Na、K、Li又はNH4であってよい。
上記Rfn0は、Hの50%以上がフッ素に置換されているものであってよい。
Xn0-(CF2)m1-Y0 (N1)
(式中、Xn0は、H、Cl及びFであり、m1は3~15の整数であり、Y0は、上記定義したものである。)で表される化合物、下記一般式(N2):
Rfn1-O-(CF(CF3)CF2O)m2CFXn1-Y0 (N2)
(式中、Rfn1は、炭素数1~5のパーフルオロアルキル基であり、m2は、0~3の整数であり、Xn1は、F又はCF3であり、Y0は、上記定義したものである。)で表される化合物、下記一般式(N3):
Rfn2(CH2)m3-(Rfn3)q-Y0 (N3)
(式中、Rfn2は、炭素数1~13のエーテル結合及び/又は塩素原子を含み得る、部分または完全フッ素化されたアルキル基であり、m3は、1~3の整数であり、Rfn3は、直鎖状又は分岐状の炭素数1~3のパーフルオロアルキレン基であり、qは0又は1であり、Y0は、上記定義したものである。)で表される化合物、下記一般式(N4):
Rfn4-O-(CYn1Yn2)pCF2-Y0 (N4)
(式中、Rfn4は、炭素数1~12のエーテル結合を含み得る直鎖状または分枝鎖状の部分または完全フッ素化されたアルキル基であり、Yn1及びYn2は、同一若しくは異なって、H又はFであり、pは0又は1であり、Y0は、上記定義したものである。)で表される化合物、及び、一般式(N5):
F(CF2)n1COOM (I)
(式中、n1は、3~14の整数であり、Mは、H、金属原子、NR7 4、置換基を有していてもよいイミダゾリウム、置換基を有していてもよいピリジニウム又は置換基を有していてもよいホスホニウムであり、R7は、H又は有機基である。)で表されるものである。
H(CF2)n2COOM (II)
(式中、n2は、4~15の整数であり、Mは、上記定義したものである。)で表されるものである。
Rf1-O-(CF(CF3)CF2O)n3CF(CF3)COOM (III)
(式中、Rf1は、炭素数1~5のパーフルオロアルキル基であり、n3は、0~3の整数であり、Mは、上記定義したものである。)で表されるものである。
Rf2(CH2)n4Rf3COOM (IV)
(式中、Rf2は、炭素数1~5のパーフルオロアルキル基であり、Rf3は、直鎖状又は分岐状の炭素数1~3のパーフルオロアルキレン基、n4は、1~3の整数であり、Mは、上記定義したものである。)で表されるものである。
Rf4-O-CY1Y2CF2-COOM (V)
(式中、Rf4は、炭素数1~12のエーテル結合及び/又は塩素原子を含み得る直鎖状または分枝鎖状の部分または完全フッ素化されたアルキル基であり、Y1及びY2は、同一若しくは異なって、H又はFであり、Mは、上記定義したものである。)で表されるものである。
F(CF2)n5SO3M (VI)
(式中、n5は、3~14の整数であり、Mは、上記定義したものである。)で表されるものである。
H(CF2)n6SO3M (VII)
(式中、n6は、4~14の整数であり、Mは、上記定義したものである。)で表されるものである。
Rf5(CH2)n7SO3M (VIII)
(式中、Rf5は、炭素数1~13のパーフルオロアルキル基であり、n7は、1~3の整数であり、Mは、上記定義したものである。)で表されるものである。
Rf6(CH2)n8COOM (IX)
(式中、Rf6は、炭素数1~13のエーテル結合を含み得る直鎖状または分岐鎖状の部分または完全フッ素化されたアルキル基であり、n8は、1~3の整数であり、Mは、上記定義したものである。)で表されるものである。
Rf7-O-Rf8-O-CF2-COOM (X)
(式中、Rf7は、炭素数1~6のエーテル結合及び/又は塩素原子を含み得る直鎖状または分枝鎖状の部分または完全フッ素化されたアルキル基であり、Rf8は、炭素数1~6の直鎖状または分枝鎖状の部分または完全フッ素化されたアルキル基であり、Mは、上記定義したものである。)で表されるものである。
Rf9-O-CY1Y2CF2-SO3M (XI)
(式中、Rf9は、炭素数1~12のエーテル結合を含み得る直鎖状または分枝鎖状であって、塩素を含んでもよい、部分または完全フッ素化されたアルキル基であり、Y1及びY2は、同一若しくは異なって、H又はFであり、Mは、上記定義したものである。)で表されるものである。
Y0は、-COOM、-SO2M、又は、-SO3Mであってよく、-SO3M、又は、COOMであってよい(式中、Mは上記定義したものである。)。
Lとしては、たとえば、単結合、炭素数1~10のエーテル結合を含みうる部分又は完全フッ素化されたアルキレン基が挙げられる。
Rf11-O-(CF2CF(CF3)O)n9(CF2O)n10CF2COOM (XIII)
(式中、Rf11は、塩素を含む炭素数1~5のフルオロアルキル基であり、n9は、0~3の整数であり、n10は、0~3の整数であり、Mは、上記定義したものである。)で表されるものである。化合物(XIII)としては、CF2ClO(CF2CF(CF3)O)n9(CF2O)n10CF2COONH4(平均分子量750の混合物、式中、n9およびn10は上記定義したものである。)が挙げられる。
F(CF2)7COOM、
F(CF2)5COOM、
H(CF2)6COOM、
H(CF2)7COOM、
CF3O(CF2)3OCHFCF2COOM、
C3F7OCF(CF3)CF2OCF(CF3)COOM、
CF3CF2CF2OCF(CF3)COOM、
CF3CF2OCF2CF2OCF2COOM、
C2F5OCF(CF3)CF2OCF(CF3)COOM、
CF3OCF(CF3)CF2OCF(CF3)COOM、
CF2ClCF2CF2OCF(CF3)CF2OCF2COOM、
CF2ClCF2CF2OCF2CF(CF3)OCF2COOM、
CF2ClCF(CF3)OCF(CF3)CF2OCF2COOM、
CF2ClCF(CF3)OCF2CF(CF3)OCF2COOM、
一般式(1):[X-Rf-A-]iMi+
(式中、Xは、H、Cl、Br、FまたはI、Rfは、直鎖若しくは分枝鎖の部分フッ素化若しくは完全フッ素化脂肪族基、または、少なくとも1個の酸素原子により中断された直鎖若しくは分枝鎖の部分フッ素化若しくは完全フッ素化脂肪族基、A-は酸基、Mi+は価数iを有するカチオン、iは1~3の整数を表す)
一般式(2):[Cn-1F2n-1COO-]M+
(式中、nは9~12の整数、M+はカチオンを表す。)
一般式(3):[R1-O-L-CO2 -]M+
(式中、R1は、直鎖若しくは分枝鎖の部分フッ素化若しくは完全フッ素化脂肪族基、または、少なくとも1個の酸素原子により中断された直鎖若しくは分枝鎖の部分フッ素化若しくは完全フッ素化脂肪族基、Lは、直鎖若しくは分枝鎖の非フッ素化、部分フッ素化または完全フッ素化アルキレン基、M+はカチオンを表す。)
一般式(4):[H-(CF2)mCO2 -]M+
(式中、mは3~19の整数、M+はカチオンを表す。)
本開示の製造方法においては、次に、懸濁重合粒子を乾燥させることにより、乾燥粒子を作製する。懸濁重合により得られる懸濁重合粒子は、通常、湿った状態で得られる。懸濁重合粒子の含水率は、たとえば40質量%超である。湿った懸濁重合粒子を乾燥させてから、得られる乾燥粒子に対してフッ素ラジカル処理を行うことにより、フッ素ラジカル処理を安全に処理することができる。
含水率(質量%)=[(加熱前の乾燥粒子の質量(g))-(加熱後の乾燥粒子の質量(g))]/(加熱後の乾燥粒子の質量(g))×100
本開示の製造方法においては、次に、得られた乾燥粒子に対してフッ素ラジカル処理を行うことにより、フッ素ラジカル処理された粒子を作製する。
フッ素ラジカル処理を流通式処理で行う場合は、フッ素ラジカル源の添加量は、乾燥粒子100質量部に対し、25質量部以下、20質量部以下、または、15質量部以下が好ましい。
フッ素ラジカル源の添加量が少な過ぎると、十分に酸臭を除去できないおそれがある。フッ素ラジカル源の添加量が多過ぎてもフッ素ラジカル処理の効果が向上せず、不経済となるおそれがある。
上記組合せとしては、好ましくなる順に、100℃以上かつ3.00質量部以上であり、100℃以上かつ5.00質量部以上である。
上記組合せとしては、好ましくなる順に、150℃以上かつ0.50質量部以上であり、150℃以上かつ0.75質量部以上であり、150℃以上かつ1.0質量部以上であり、150℃以上かつ3.0質量部以上であり、150℃以上かつ5.0質量部以上である。
上記組合せとしては、好ましくなる順に、170℃以上かつ0.50質量部以上であり、170℃以上かつ0.75質量部以上であり、170℃以上かつ1.0質量部以上であり、170℃以上かつ3.0質量部以上であり、170℃以上かつ5.0質量部以上である。
上記組合せとしては、好ましくなる順に、200℃以上かつ0.03質量部以上であり、200℃以上かつ0.05質量部以上であり、200℃以上かつ0.10質量部以上であり、200℃以上かつ0.15質量部以上であり、200℃以上かつ0.30質量部以上であり、200℃以上かつ0.50質量部以上であり、200℃以上かつ0.75質量部以上であり、200℃以上かつ1.0質量部以上であり、200℃以上かつ3.0質量部以上であり、200℃以上かつ5.0質量部以上である。
上記組合せとしては、好ましくなる順に、210℃以上かつ0.03質量部以上であり、210℃以上かつ0.05質量部以上であり、210℃以上かつ0.10質量部以上であり、210℃以上かつ0.15質量部以上であり、210℃以上かつ0.30質量部以上であり、210℃以上かつ0.50質量部以上であり、210℃以上かつ0.75質量部以上であり、210℃以上かつ1.0質量部以上であり、210℃以上かつ3.0質量部以上であり、210℃以上かつ5.0質量部以上である。
上記組合せとしては、好ましくなる順に、210℃以上かつ0.01質量部以上であり、210℃以上かつ0.03質量部以上であり、210℃以上かつ0.05質量部以上であり、210℃以上かつ0.10質量部以上であり、210℃以上かつ0.15質量部以上であり、210℃以上かつ0.30質量部以上であり、210℃以上かつ0.50質量部以上であり、210℃以上かつ0.75質量部以上であり、210℃以上かつ1.0質量部以上であり、210℃以上かつ3.0質量部以上であり、210℃以上かつ5.0質量部以上である。
上記組合せとしては、好ましくなる順に、230℃以上かつ0.01質量部以上であり、230℃以上かつ0.03質量部以上であり、230℃以上かつ0.05質量部以上であり、230℃以上かつ0.10質量部以上であり、230℃以上かつ0.15質量部以上であり、230℃以上かつ0.30質量部以上であり、230℃以上かつ0.50質量部以上であり、230℃以上かつ0.75質量部以上であり、230℃以上かつ1.0質量部以上であり、230℃以上かつ3.0質量部以上であり、230℃以上かつ5.0質量部以上である。
A=(B/F)×100
B=C×D×E
C={P/(RT×1000)}×G×H
A:乾燥粒子100質量部に対するフッ素ラジカル源添加量(質量部)
B:全フッ素ラジカル源添加量(g)
C:混合ガス中のフッ素ラジカル源濃度(g/mL)
D:混合ガス流通速度(mL/min)
E:フッ素ラジカル処理時間(min)
F:サンプル(乾燥粒子)充填量(g)
G:フッ素ラジカル源の分子量(g/mol)
H:混合ガス中のフッ素ラジカル源の比率(質量比率)
式中、P、R、Tは以下の値を使用する。
P=絶対圧力(Pa)
R=8.31×103(Pa・L/K・mol)
T=温度(K)
フッ素ラジカル処理をバッチ式処理で行う場合は、フッ素ラジカル源の添加量は、乾燥粒子100質量部に対し、5.0質量部以下、または、3.0質量部以下が好ましい。
フッ素ラジカル源の添加量が少な過ぎると、十分に酸臭を除去できないおそれがある。フッ素ラジカル源の添加量が多過ぎてもフッ素ラジカル処理の効果が向上せず、不経済となるおそれがある。
上記組合せとしては、好ましくは100℃以上かつ0.75質量部以上である。
上記組合せとしては、好ましくなる順に、150℃以上かつ0.30質量部以上であり、150℃以上かつ0.50質量部以上であり、150℃以上かつ0.75質量部以上である。
上記組合せとしては、好ましくなる順に、170℃以上かつ0.30質量部以上であり、170℃以上かつ0.50質量部以上であり、170℃以上かつ0.75質量部以上である。
上記組合せとしては、好ましくなる順に、200℃以上かつ0.01質量部以上であり、200℃以上かつ0.03質量部以上であり、200℃以上かつ0.05質量部以上であり、200℃以上かつ0.10質量部以上であり、200℃以上かつ0.15質量部以上であり、200℃以上かつ0.30質量部以上であり、200℃以上かつ0.50質量部以上であり、200℃以上かつ0.75質量部以上である。
上記組合せとしては、好ましくなる順に、210℃以上かつ0.01質量部以上であり、210℃以上かつ0.03質量部以上であり、210℃以上かつ0.05質量部以上であり、210℃以上かつ0.10質量部以上であり、210℃以上かつ0.15質量部以上であり、210℃以上かつ0.30質量部以上であり、210℃以上かつ0.50質量部以上であり、210℃以上かつ0.75質量部以上である。
上記組合せとしては、好ましくなる順に、220℃以上かつ0.01質量部以上であり、220℃以上かつ0.03質量部以上であり、220℃以上かつ0.05質量部以上であり、220℃以上かつ0.10質量部以上であり、220℃以上かつ0.15質量部以上であり、220℃以上かつ0.30質量部以上であり、220℃以上かつ0.50質量部以上であり、220℃以上かつ0.75質量部以上である。
上記組合せとしては、好ましくなる順に、230℃以上かつ0.01質量部以上であり、230℃以上かつ0.03質量部以上であり、230℃以上かつ0.05質量部以上であり、230℃以上かつ0.10質量部以上であり、230℃以上かつ0.15質量部以上であり、230℃以上かつ0.30質量部以上であり、230℃以上かつ0.50質量部以上であり、230℃以上かつ0.75質量部以上である。
A=(B/F)×100
B=G×H×PF×V1/(R×T)
PF=P2-P1
V1=V-Vp
Vp=F/I/1000
A:乾燥粒子100質量部に対するフッ素ラジカル源添加量(質量部)
B:全フッ素ラジカル源添加量(g)
F:サンプル(乾燥粒子)充填量(g)
G:フッ素ラジカル源の分子量(g/mol)
H:混合ガス中のフッ素ラジカル源の比率(質量比率)
I:ポリテトラフルオロエチレン真比重
PF=絶対圧力(Pa)
P1:フッ素ラジカル源投入前の絶対圧力(Pa)
P2:フッ素ラジカル源投入後の絶対圧力(Pa)
V:反応槽容積(L)
V1:反応槽内の空間容積(L)
Vp:反応槽内のポリマー容積(L)
式中、R、T、Iは以下の値を使用する。
R=8.31×103(Pa・L/K・mol)
T=温度(K)
I=2.2g/mL
本開示の製造方法においては、次に、得られたフッ素ラジカル処理された粒子を、粉砕することにより、PTFEのパウダーを製造する。フッ素ラジカル処理をした後、フッ素ラジカル処理された粒子を、粉砕することにより、酸臭が低減されているだけでなく、成形性に優れるPTFEパウダーを製造することができる。
フッ素ラジカル処理をされた粒子を粉砕することにより、PTFEのパウダーが得られる。本開示の製造方法により得られるパウダーは、懸濁重合により得られる懸濁重合粒子から得られるものであることから、一般に、モールディングパウダーと呼ばれる。
高温揮発分(質量%)=[(加熱前のPTFEパウダーの質量(g))-(加熱後のPTFEパウダーの質量(g))]/(加熱前のPTFEパウダーの質量(g))×100
一般式(1):[X-Rf-A-]iMi+
(式中、Xは、H、Cl、Br、FまたはI、Rfは、直鎖若しくは分枝鎖の部分フッ素化若しくは完全フッ素化脂肪族基、または、少なくとも1個の酸素原子により中断された直鎖若しくは分枝鎖の部分フッ素化若しくは完全フッ素化脂肪族基、A-は酸基、Mi+は価数iを有するカチオン、iは1~3の整数を表す)
一般式(2):[Cn-1F2n-1COO-]M+
(式中、nは9~12の整数、M+はカチオンを表す。)
一般式(3):[R1-O-L-CO2 -]M+
(式中、R1は、直鎖若しくは分枝鎖の部分フッ素化若しくは完全フッ素化脂肪族基、または、少なくとも1個の酸素原子により中断された直鎖若しくは分枝鎖の部分フッ素化若しくは完全フッ素化脂肪族基、Lは、直鎖若しくは分枝鎖の非フッ素化、部分フッ素化または完全フッ素化アルキレン基、M+はカチオンを表す。)
一般式(4):[H-(CF2)mCO2 -]M+
(式中、mは3~19の整数、M+はカチオンを表す。)
まず、PTFEパウダーにメタノールを加え、抽出を行ない、得られた抽出液をLC/MS分析する。さらに抽出効率を高めるために、ソックスレー抽出、超音波処理等による処理を行ってもよい。
得られたLC/MSスペクトルから、分子量情報を抜出し、候補となる含フッ素化合物(親水基を有する含フッ素化合物)の構造式との一致を確認する。
その後、確認された含フッ素化合物(親水基を有する含フッ素化合物)の5水準以上の含有量の水溶液を作製し、それぞれの含有量の水溶液のLC/MS分析を行ない、含有量と、その含有量に対するエリア面積と関係をプロットし、検量線を描く。
そして、検量線を用いて、抽出液中の含フッ素化合物(親水基を有する含フッ素化合物)のLC/MSクロマトグラムのエリア面積を、含フッ素化合物(親水基を有する含フッ素化合物)の含有量に換算することができる。
まず、PTFEパウダーにメタノールを加え、抽出を行ない、得られた抽出液をLC/MS分析する。さらに抽出効率を高めるために、ソックスレー抽出、超音波処理等による処理を行ってもよい。
得られたLC/MSスペクトルから、分子量情報を抜出し、候補となる含フッ素界面活性剤の構造式との一致を確認する。
その後、確認された含フッ素界面活性剤の5水準以上の含有量の水溶液を作製し、それぞれの含有量の水溶液のLC/MS分析を行ない、含有量と、その含有量に対するエリア面積と関係をプロットし、検量線を描く。
そして、検量線を用いて、抽出液中の含フッ素界面活性剤のLC/MSクロマトグラムのエリア面積を、含フッ素界面活性剤の含有量に換算することができる。
本開示の製造方法により得られるパウダーおよび本開示のPTFEパウダーを成形することにより、PTFE成形品を得ることができる。本開示の製造方法により得られるパウダーおよび本開示のPTFEパウダーは、成形性に優れており、酸臭が低減されていることから、これらのパウダーを用いることにより、成形時の作業環境を大幅に改善することができ、成形不良の発生を抑制し、高い生産性で成形品を製造することができる。
平均粒子径は、次のレーザー回折法により求めた。HELOS&RODOSシステム(商品名、SYMPATEC社製)を用いて、乾式にて行う。分散圧力2barの圧縮空気により分散された被測定粉末を、レーザーにより映し出された被測定粉末の影を測定センサー部が感知する事で、被測定粉末の粒度分布を演算し、体積基準にて平均粒子径(50%積算粒子径)d50を求めた。d50は、粒度分布積算の50%に対応する粒子径に等しいとした。
JIS K 6891に準拠して測定した。
PTFE粉砕粒子を150℃、3時間加熱することにより十分に乾燥させ、加熱の前後の粉砕粒子の質量を測定し、下記の式に従って算出した。
含水率(質量%)=[(加熱前の粉砕粒子の質量(g))-(加熱後の粉砕粒子の質量(g)))/(加熱後の粉砕粒子の質量(g)]×100
JIS K 6891に準拠して、PTFEパウダーを370℃で2時間加熱した後の質量を測定し、以下の式によって算出した。
高温揮発分(質量%)=[(加熱前のPTFEパウダーの質量(g))-(加熱後のPTFEパウダーの質量(g))]/(加熱前のPTFEパウダーの質量(g))×100
ASTM D4894に準拠して成形されたサンプルを用い、ASTM D 792に準拠した水置換法により測定した。
PTFEパウダー210gを秤量する。直径50mmの金型を用い、成形ラムスピード13mm/min、成形圧29.4MPaで5分保持し、50mm(直径)×50mm(高さ)のブロックを作成する。このブロックを370℃で1.5時間焼成する。旋盤を用いて、ブロックを横割りし、中心部分の着色度をJIS Z 8722に基づいて測色色差計にて測定し、Zの値で評価した。
PTFEパウダー10kgを、容積60LのPET構成のポリ袋に入れ、室温、冷暗所に10日間静置した。フッ化水素用検知管を用い、メーカー指定の方法にしたがって袋内部のガスを吸引し、指示値から袋内部のフッ化水素濃度を求めた。検出限界は、0.05質量ppmである。
PTFEパウダーの比表面積は、キャリアガスとして窒素30%とヘリウム70%の混合ガスを用い、冷却は液体窒素を用いて、JIS Z8830に基づいて、BET法(流動法、1点法)により測定した。装置としては、Macsorb HM Model-1210を用いた。
PTFE中のPPVE含有量は、PTFEパウダーをプレス成形することで薄膜ディスクを作成し、薄膜ディスクをFT-IR測定した赤外線吸光度から、995cm-1における吸光度/935cm-1における吸光度の比に0.14を乗じて求めた。
〔一般式(2)で示される化合物の含有量測定方法〕
PTFEパウダーからの抽出
PTFEパウダー0.30gにメタノール10mLを加え、60℃に加温しながら、120分間の超音波処理を行い、一般式(2)で示される化合物を含む上澄み液を抽出した。
一般式(2):[Cn-1F2n-1COO-]M+
(式中、nは9~12の整数、M+はカチオンを表す。)
検量線
濃度既知のパーフルオロノナン酸(PFNA)、パーフルオロデカン酸(PFDA)、パーフルオロウンデカン酸(PFUnDA)、パーフルオロドデカン酸(PFDoDA)のメタノール標準溶液を0.03~0.5ng/mL、0.5~5ng/mL、5~50ng/mLのそれぞれの濃度範囲で5水準調製し、液体クロマトグラフ質量分析計を用いて測定を行った。それぞれのサンプル濃度とピークの積分値から一次近似を用い、検量線を作成した。定量下限は、1ppb/polymerである。
液体クロマトグラフ質量分析計を用い、一般式(2)で示される化合物を測定した。抽出した液相について、SRM法により各炭素数の一般式(2)で示される化合物のピーク面積を求め、PTFEパウダー中に含まれる一般式(2)で示される化合物の含有量を求めた。
国際公開第2003/035724号の製造例3に記載された方法にて、テトラフルオロエチレンの重合を行なった。重合にあたって、PPVEの仕込み量を85gとし、界面活性剤を使用しなかった。得られたPTFE懸濁重合粒子を取り出し、純水で洗浄を2回行なった。洗浄と同時にラインミキサーにて、平均粒子径350μmまで粉砕し、PTFE粉砕粒子を得た。得られたPTFE粉砕粒子を振動脱水によって、含水率を5質量%にして、脱水された粉砕粒子を得た。その後、粉砕粒子と気体とを含む固気混合物を形成した後に、熱風の排気口で測定する温度が130℃となるように温度を調整しながら気流乾燥し、乾燥粒子と気体とに分離し、PTFE乾燥粒子を得た。得られたPTFE乾燥粒子の平均粒子径は350μmであった。
製造例1で得られたPTFE乾燥粒子に対してフッ素ラジカル処理を行なわずに、エアジェットミルにて粉砕して、PTFEパウダーを得た。フッ化水素濃度は4.8質量ppmであり、酸臭を感じた。
50L反応器に21kgのPTFE乾燥粒子を入れて密封し、200℃になるように反応器内を昇温した後、1時間窒素置換を行ない、反応器内の空気を取り除いた。200℃に保持したまま、反応器内の圧力を10kPaまで減圧にし、フッ素ラジカル源としてフッ素ガス(F2)を窒素ガスで希釈した混合ガス(フッ素/窒素(容積比)=20/80)を圧力101kPaGまで導入し、120分間保持した。反応終了後、直ちに窒素ガスで系内を1時間置換してフッ素ガスを除去した後、反応器内の温度を30℃まで冷却した。澱粉/ヨウ化物試験を行い、指示薬の発色の有無により不活性ガス中にフッ素ガスがないことを確認した。反応器の温度を室温まで冷却し、フッ素ラジカル処理された粒子を回収した。
得られたPTFEパウダーの比表面積は、3.5m2/gであった。
得られたPTFE中のPPVE含有量は、0.062質量%であった。
混合ガスによる処理時間を120分から15分に変更する以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行い、PTFEパウダーを得た。フッ化水素濃度は0.05質量ppm未満であり、酸臭を感じなかった。
得られたPTFEパウダーの比表面積は、3.6m2/gであった。
混合ガスとの反応温度を200℃から150℃、処理時間を120分から240分に変更する以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行い、PTFEパウダーを得た。フッ化水素濃度は0.05質量ppm未満であり、酸臭を感じなかった。
混合ガスとの反応温度を200℃から250℃、処理時間を120分から15分に変更する以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行い、PTFEパウダーを得た。フッ化水素濃度は0.05質量ppm未満であり、酸臭を感じなかった。
製造例1で得られたPTFE乾燥粒子を、平均粒子径が約30μmとなるようにエアジェットミルにて粉砕した。粉砕された乾燥粒子に対して、実施例1と同様にして、フッ素ラジカル処理を行い、フッ素ラジカル処理された粒子を得た。フッ素ラジカル処理された粒子は、900μm以上の粒子径の大きな塊を含むものであり、平均粒子径が上記した測定方法の測定範囲を超えることから、平均粒子径を測定できなかった。フッ化水素濃度は0.05質量ppm未満であり、酸臭を感じなかった。
製造例1で得られた30gのPTFE乾燥粒子を流通式の反応器に入れた。150℃となるように反応器内を昇温し、1時間窒素置換を行い、反応器内の空気を除去した。150℃に保持したまま、フッ素ラジカル源としてフッ素ガス(F2)を窒素ガスで希釈した混合ガス(フッ素/窒素(容積比)=20/80)を流量約50mL/分で15分間流通させた。反応終了後、直ちに窒素ガスで系内を1時間置換してフッ素ガスを除去した後、反応器内の温度を30℃まで冷却した。澱粉/ヨウ化物試験を行い、指示薬の発色の有無により不活性ガス中にフッ素ガスがないことを確認した。反応器の温度を室温まで冷却し、フッ素ラジカル処理された粒子を回収した。
フッ素ラジカル処理された粒子をカッターミルにて粉砕して、PTFEパウダーを得た。平均粒子径は25μmであり、酸臭は感じなかった。
混合ガスとの反応温度を150℃から200℃に変更する以外は実施例5と同じ操作を行い、PTFEパウダーを得た。平均粒子径は25μmであった。酸臭は感じなかった。
混合ガスを流通させる時間を15分間から1分間に変更する以外は実施例5と同じ操作を行い、PTFEパウダーを得た。平均粒子径は30μmであり、酸臭は感じなかった。
混合ガスとの反応温度を150℃から250℃に変更する以外は実施例5と同じ操作を行い、PTFEパウダーを得た。平均粒子径は27μmであり、酸臭は感じなかった。
混合ガスとの反応温度を150℃から250℃、反応時間を15分間から1分間に変更する以外は実施例5と同じ操作を行い、PTFEパウダーを得た。平均粒子径は29μmであり、酸臭は感じなかった。
Claims (25)
- テトラフルオロエチレンを水性媒体中で懸濁重合することにより、非溶融加工性のポリテトラフルオロエチレンの懸濁重合粒子を作製し、
前記懸濁重合粒子を乾燥させることにより、乾燥粒子を作製し、
前記乾燥粒子に対してフッ素ラジカル処理を行うことにより、フッ素ラジカル処理された粒子を作製し、
フッ素ラジカル処理された粒子を粉砕することにより、ポリテトラフルオロエチレンのパウダーを製造するポリテトラフルオロエチレンパウダーの製造方法。 - 前記懸濁重合粒子を洗浄した後に粉砕することにより、または、前記懸濁重合粒子を洗浄しながら粉砕することにより、粉砕された懸濁重合粒子を作製した後、粉砕された懸濁重合粒子を乾燥させる請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 前記乾燥粒子の平均粒子径が100~800μmである請求項1または2に記載の製造方法。
- テトラフルオロエチレンおよび変性モノマーを懸濁重合する請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 前記変性モノマーが、パーフルオロ(アルキルビニルエーテル)である請求項4に記載の製造方法。
- 懸濁重合の際に添加する前記変性モノマーの量が、ポリテトラフルオロエチレンの量に対して、0.01~1.0質量%である請求項4または5に記載の製造方法。
- 前記パウダーの平均粒子径が200μm以下である請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 前記パウダーの標準比重が、2.200以下である請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 前記パウダーの比表面積が、5.0m2/g以下である請求項1~8のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 前記パウダーが、下記の一般式(2)で表される化合物を実質的に含有しない請求項1~9のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
一般式(2):[Cn-1F2n-1COO-]M+
(式中、nは9~12の整数、M+はカチオンを表す。) - 界面活性剤の存在下または非存在下に懸濁重合し、前記界面活性剤の量が、前記水性媒体に対して、2000質量ppm以下である請求項1~10のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 請求項1~11のいずれかに記載の製造方法により前記パウダーを製造した後、前記パウダーを成形することにより成形品を得るポリテトラフルオロエチレン成形品の製造方法。
- 請求項1~11のいずれかに記載の製造方法により前記パウダーを製造した後、前記パウダーを圧縮成形することにより圧縮成形品を得るポリテトラフルオロエチレン圧縮成形品の製造方法。
- 非溶融加工性のポリテトラフルオロエチレンを含有するポリテトラフルオロエチレンパウダーであって、平均粒子径が200μm以下であり、高温揮発分の含有量が、前記ポリテトラフルオロエチレンパウダーの質量に対して、0.010質量%以下であるポリテトラフルオロエチレンパウダー。
- 比表面積が、5.0m2/g以下である請求項14に記載のポリテトラフルオロエチレンパウダー。
- 前記ポリテトラフルオロエチレンパウダーから得られる成形品を370℃で1.5時間加熱した後に測定するZ値が95以上である請求項14または15に記載のポリテトラフルオロエチレンパウダー。
- 標準比重が、2.200以下である請求項14~16のいずれかに記載のポリテトラフルオロエチレンパウダー。
- 実質的に親水基を有する含フッ素化合物を含有しない請求項14~17のいずれかに記載のポリテトラフルオロエチレンパウダー。
- 前記親水基を有する含フッ素化合物が、下記の一般式(2)で表される化合物である請求項18に記載のポリテトラフルオロエチレンパウダー。
一般式(2):[Cn-1F2n-1COO-]M+
(式中、nは9~12の整数、M+はカチオンを表す。) - 実質的に含フッ素界面活性剤を含有しない請求項14~19のいずれかに記載のポリテトラフルオロエチレンパウダー。
- 前記ポリテトラフルオロエチレンが、テトラフルオロエチレン単位および変性モノマー単位を含有する請求項14~20のいずれかに記載のポリテトラフルオロエチレンパウダー。
- 前記変性モノマー単位が、パーフルオロ(アルキルビニルエーテル)単位である請求項21に記載のポリテトラフルオロエチレンパウダー。
- 前記変性モノマー単位の含有量が、前記ポリテトラフルオロエチレンの全重合単位に対して、0.01~1.0質量%である請求項21または22に記載のポリテトラフルオロエチレンパウダー。
- 請求項14~23のいずれかに記載のポリテトラフルオロエチレンパウダーを成形することにより得られるポリテトラフルオロエチレン成形品。
- 請求項14~23のいずれかに記載のポリテトラフルオロエチレンパウダーを圧縮成形することにより得られるポリテトラフルオロエチレン圧縮成形品。
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| WO2025178109A1 (ja) * | 2024-02-20 | 2025-08-28 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | ポリテトラフルオロエチレン粉末の製造方法、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン粉末、及び、成形体 |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2025070821A1 (ja) * | 2023-09-29 | 2025-04-03 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | ガスケット、及び、電気化学デバイス |
| JP2025060572A (ja) * | 2023-09-29 | 2025-04-10 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | ガスケット、及び、電気化学デバイス |
| JP7688310B2 (ja) | 2023-09-29 | 2025-06-04 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | ガスケット、及び、電気化学デバイス |
| WO2025178109A1 (ja) * | 2024-02-20 | 2025-08-28 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | ポリテトラフルオロエチレン粉末の製造方法、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン粉末、及び、成形体 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN117561295A (zh) | 2024-02-13 |
| US20240150505A1 (en) | 2024-05-09 |
| JPWO2023277137A1 (ja) | 2023-01-05 |
| EP4365222A1 (en) | 2024-05-08 |
| EP4365222A4 (en) | 2025-07-16 |
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