WO2023277036A1 - 組成物及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
組成物及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023277036A1 WO2023277036A1 PCT/JP2022/025829 JP2022025829W WO2023277036A1 WO 2023277036 A1 WO2023277036 A1 WO 2023277036A1 JP 2022025829 W JP2022025829 W JP 2022025829W WO 2023277036 A1 WO2023277036 A1 WO 2023277036A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/022—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
- B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/50—Details of extruders
- B29C48/505—Screws
- B29C48/57—Screws provided with kneading disc-like elements, e.g. with oval-shaped elements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08L27/18—Homopolymers or copolymers or tetrafluoroethene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L77/02—Polyamides derived from omega-amino carboxylic acids or from lactams thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L77/06—Polyamides derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/22—Mixtures comprising a continuous polymer matrix in which are dispersed crosslinked particles of another polymer
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composition and a method for producing the same.
- Polyamides such as polyamide 6 and polyamide 66 are excellent in moldability, heat resistance, chemical resistance, rigidity, wear resistance and the like, and are used in various applications as engineering plastics. For the purpose of reducing water absorption and improving abrasion resistance, it has been proposed to blend a fluoropolymer with a polyamide (Patent Document 1).
- composition containing the fluoropolymer and polyamide described in Patent Document 1 may not have sufficient impact resistance.
- the present invention provides a polyamide-based composition having excellent impact resistance and a method for producing the same.
- the present invention has the following aspects.
- [1] Contains a polyamide and a fluoropolymer, the fluoropolymer having a glass transition temperature of less than 30°C and no melting point, and the fluoropolymer being dispersed in the polyamide.
- [3] The composition of [1] or [2], which has an Izod impact strength of more than 60 J/m measured at 23 ⁇ 1° C. according to ASTM D256.
- a polyamide-based composition with excellent impact resistance and a method for producing the same can be provided.
- Glass transition temperature is the temperature corresponding to the maximum value of the tan delta peak measured by dynamic viscoelasticity measurement (DMA).
- DMA dynamic viscoelasticity measurement
- Melting point is the temperature corresponding to the maximum of the melting peak as measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
- 5% thermal decomposition temperature is measured using a differential thermogravimetric simultaneous measurement (TG-DTA) device, in air, when the temperature of the sample (fluoropolymer) is raised at a temperature elevation rate of 10 ° C./min, It is the temperature at which the mass of the sample decreases by 5% by mass (the temperature at which the mass of the sample becomes 95% by mass with respect to 100% by mass of the sample before heating).
- TG-DTA differential thermogravimetric simultaneous measurement
- the Izod impact strength is the value at 23 ⁇ 2°C.
- Average dispersed particle diameter is obtained by observing the cross section of the molded article of the composition with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), measuring the maximum diameter of 20 randomly selected domains (dispersed particles), and averaging them. value. The details are as described in Examples to be described later.
- a unit based on a monomer is a general term for an atomic group directly formed by polymerization of one molecule of a monomer and an atomic group obtained by chemically converting a part of the atomic group after polymerization.
- monomer is meant a compound having a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond.
- composition contains a polyamide and a fluoropolymer.
- the composition may further contain other ingredients, if desired. Each component will be described in detail later.
- the fluoropolymer is dispersed in the polyamide, and the average dispersed particle size of the fluoropolymer is less than 12 ⁇ m.
- the average dispersed particle size of the fluoropolymer is preferably less than 9 ⁇ m, more preferably less than 7 ⁇ m.
- the average dispersed particle size of the fluoropolymer is preferably 0.01 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more, from the viewpoint of impact resistance.
- the mass ratio of the polyamide and the fluoropolymer is preferably 40/60 to 99/1, more preferably 60/40 to 95/5, and further 80/20 to 90/10. preferable. If the mass ratio of polyamide/fluoropolymer is at least the above lower limit, the impact resistance tends to be more excellent. When the mass ratio of polyamide/fluoropolymer is equal to or less than the upper limit, the fluoropolymer is easily dispersed in the polyamide. Also, the moldability of the composition tends to be more excellent.
- the total content of the polyamide and the fluoropolymer is preferably 40% by mass or more, more preferably 60% by mass or more, and still more preferably 80% by mass or more, based on the total mass of the present composition. There may be.
- the Izod impact strength of the present composition is preferably over 60 J/m, more preferably over 70 J/m, and even more preferably over 85 J/m.
- the Izod impact strength of the present composition is preferably as high as possible in terms of impact resistance, and the upper limit is not particularly limited.
- the composition preferably satisfies formulas (1) and (2).
- Q 1 represents the MFR (g/10 min) of the fluoropolymer
- Q 2 represents the MFR (g/10 min) of the polyamide
- Q 3 represents the MFR (g/10 min) of the present composition. minute).
- (Q 3 /Q 2 ) ⁇ 100 When (Q 3 /Q 2 ) ⁇ 100 is 10 or more, moldability and impact resistance are more excellent, and when it is 80 or less, impact resistance and tensile elongation are more excellent.
- (Q 3 /Q 2 ) ⁇ 100 is preferably 15-70, more preferably 20-49.
- the MFR (Q 3 ) of the present composition is preferably 1-100 g/10 min, more preferably 3-50 g/10 min.
- the MFR of the present composition is at least the lower limit, the moldability and strength tend to be more excellent, and when the MFR is at most the upper limit, the impact resistance and elongation tend to be more excellent.
- thermoplastic polyamide As the polyamide, a thermoplastic polyamide is preferable from the viewpoint of workability.
- Preferred thermoplastic polyamides are ring-opening addition polymers of lactams and condensation polymers of diamines and dicarboxylic acids. Aliphatic lactams are preferred as lactams.
- Diamines include aliphatic diamines and aromatic dicarboxylic acids
- dicarboxylic acids include aliphatic dicarboxylic acids and aromatic dicarboxylic acids
- at least one of the combinations of these diamines and dicarboxylic acids is an aliphatic compound. is preferred.
- Specific examples of lactams include ⁇ -caprolactam, undecanelactam, lauryllactam, etc.
- diamines include hexamethylenediamine, nonanediamine, xylylenediamine, etc.
- dicarboxylic acids include adipine acid, sebacic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid and the like.
- thermoplastic polyamides include, for example, polyamide 6 (PA6), polyamide 66 (PA66), polyamide 46 (PA46), polyamide 11 (PA11), polyamide 12 (PA12), polyamide 610 (PA610), polyamide 612 ( PA612), polyamide 6/66 copolymer (PA6/66), polyamide 6/66/610 copolymer (PA6/66/610), polyamide MXD6 (MXD6), polyamide 6T, polyamide 9T (PA9T), polyamide 6 /6T copolymer.
- MXD means metaxylidene diamine
- T means terephthalic acid.
- the polyamide is preferably selected from the group consisting of PA6, PA66, PA12, PA46, PA612, PA9T, PA6T, and MXD6, more preferably PA66, PA6, PA9T and PA6T, and PA66 and PA6. is particularly preferred.
- the polyamide may have its main chain ends blocked with a blocking agent.
- a blocking agent a compound having one functional group reactive with the amino group or carboxy group at the end of the main chain of the polyamide is preferable.
- Carboxylic acid or monoamine is more preferable, and monocarboxylic acid is more preferable from the viewpoint of excellent handleability.
- acid anhydrides such as phthalic anhydride, isocyanates, acid halides, esters, monoalcohols and the like can also be used.
- monocarboxylic acids include aliphatic monocarboxylic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid, lauric acid, tridecanoic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, pivalic acid and isobutyric acid.
- carboxylic acid alicyclic monocarboxylic acid such as cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, benzoic acid, toluic acid, ⁇ -naphthalenecarboxylic acid, ⁇ -naphthalenecarboxylic acid, aromatic monocarboxylic acid such as methylnaphthalenecarboxylic acid, and mixtures thereof mentioned.
- acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid, lauric acid, tridecanoic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, stearic acid Acid and benzoic acid are preferred.
- monoamines include aliphatic monoamines such as methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, butylamine, hexylamine, octylamine, decylamine, stearylamine, dimethylamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine and dibutylamine, cyclohexylamine and dicyclohexylamine. and aromatic monoamines such as aniline, toluidine, diphenylamine, naphthylamine, and mixtures thereof.
- butylamine, hexylamine, octylamine, decylamine, stearylamine, cyclohexylamine, and aniline are preferable because they have a high boiling point, are excellent in reactivity and the stability of the capped terminal, and are inexpensive.
- MFR (Q 2 ) of polyamide is preferably 1 to 200 g/10 min, more preferably 5 to 100 g/10 min.
- the MFR of the polyamide is at least the above lower limit, the composition tends to be more excellent in moldability and elongation, and when it is at most the above upper limit, the composition tends to be more excellent in impact resistance and strength.
- the fluoropolymer has a Tg of less than 30°C and no melting point. Thereby, the impact resistance of the composition can be improved.
- the Tg of the fluoropolymer is preferably ⁇ 30° C. or higher, preferably ⁇ 20° C. or higher, from the viewpoint of heat resistance.
- a fluoropolymer having a Tg of less than 30° C. and no melting point is typically a fluoroelastomer.
- the fluorine-containing elastomer is a fluorine-containing elastic copolymer having a melting point and having a storage elastic modulus G′ of 80 or more at 100° C. and 50 cpm measured according to ASTM D6204. is distinguished from
- the MFR (Q 1 ) of the fluoropolymer is preferably 0.01 to 200 g/10 minutes, more preferably 1 to 100 g/10 minutes.
- the MFR of the fluoropolymer is at least the above lower limit, the composition tends to be more excellent in moldability and elongation, and when it is at most the above upper limit, the composition tends to be more excellent in impact resistance and strength.
- the 5% thermal decomposition temperature of the fluoropolymer is preferably over 400°C, more preferably over 410°C, from the viewpoint of suppressing foaming.
- a higher 5% pyrolysis temperature is more preferable, and the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 550°C.
- the fluoropolymer preferably has a polar group. If the fluoropolymer has a polar group, it tends to have better compatibility with the polyamide.
- Polar groups include, for example, iodine atoms, bromine atoms, epoxy groups, acid anhydride groups, hydroxy groups, amino groups, halogenated alkyl groups (excluding fluorinated alkyl groups), and carboxy groups.
- the halogen atom in the halogenated alkyl group includes an iodine atom, a bromine atom, a chlorine atom and the like. Two or more polar groups may be included in the fluorine-containing polymer.
- a polar group selected from the group consisting of a bromine atom and an iodine atom is preferable from the viewpoint of heat resistance of the present composition.
- the polar group may be present at the end of the main chain of the fluoropolymer, may be present at a side group, or may be present at both of them.
- a fluorine-containing polymer having a polar group at the main chain end can be obtained, for example, by using a chain transfer agent having a polar group when polymerizing a monomer (for example, International Publication No. 2009/119202, International Publication No. 2017/057512).
- a fluorine-containing polymer having a polar group in a side group can be obtained, for example, using a monomer having a polar group.
- fluorine-containing polymer examples include tetrafluoroethylene (hereinafter also referred to as "TFE”), hexafluoropropylene (hereinafter also referred to as “HFP”), vinylidene fluoride (hereinafter also referred to as “VdF”) or chloro
- TFE tetrafluoroethylene
- HFP hexafluoropropylene
- VdF vinylidene fluoride
- copolymer 1-1 a copolymer having two or three types of units based on the monomer m1
- copolymer 1-2 a copolymer having two or three types of units based on the monomer m1
- units based on the monomer m1 and one or more units based on the following monomer m2 hereinafter also referred to as "copolymer 1-2”
- Monomer m2 includes ethylene (hereinafter also referred to as “E”), propylene (hereinafter also referred to as “P”), perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) (hereinafter also referred to as “PAVE”), vinyl fluoride ( hereinafter also referred to as “VF”), 1,2-difluoroethylene (hereinafter also referred to as “DiFE”), 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene (hereinafter also referred to as “TrFE”), 3,3 ,3-trifluoro-1-propylene (hereinafter also referred to as “TFP”), 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropylene or 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropylene.
- E ethylene
- P propylene
- PAVE perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether)
- VF vinyl fluoride
- VF vinyl fluoride
- DIFE 1,2-difluoroethylene
- TrFE 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene
- Examples of PAVE include perfluoro(methyl vinyl ether) (hereinafter also referred to as "PMVE”), perfluoro(ethyl vinyl ether) (hereinafter also referred to as “PEVE”), perfluoro(propyl vinyl ether) (hereinafter also referred to as “PPVE”). ), and perfluoro(butyl vinyl ether) (hereinafter also referred to as “PBVE”).
- Copolymers 1-1 and 1-2 are respectively copolymerizable with monomer m1, and a copolymer with monomer m1 is an elastic copolymer, monomer m1 and monomer m2. It may further have one or more units based on a monomer other than (hereinafter also referred to as "monomer m3").
- Examples of the monomer m3 include a compound represented by the following formula (4) (hereinafter also referred to as "compound 4”) and a monomer having a polar group.
- Examples of monomers having a polar group include monoiodide, diiodide, vinyl compounds containing bromine, chlorine or iodine, and other monomers described in [0013] of Japanese Patent No. 4120527.
- the proportion of units based on the monomer m3 is preferably 0 to 50 mol%, more preferably 0 to 20 mol%, more preferably 0 to 5 mol, based on the total units constituting the copolymer 1-1 or 1-2. % is more preferred, and 0 mol % is particularly preferred.
- the ratio of the total of each specific unit in the following three copolymers is preferably 50 mol % or more of the total units constituting the copolymer.
- a copolymer having TFE units and P units (hereinafter also referred to as "TFE/P-containing copolymer”).
- Copolymers having HFP units and VdF units (excluding those having P units) (hereinafter also referred to as "HFP/VdF-containing copolymers”).
- Copolymers having TFE units and PAVE units (excluding those having P units or VdF units) (hereinafter also referred to as "TFE/PAVE-containing copolymers”).
- TFE/P-containing copolymers include the following. TFE/P (meaning a copolymer consisting of TFE units and P units; the same applies to others), TFE/P/VF, TFE/P/VdF, TFE/P/E, TFE/P/TFP, TFE/P/PAVE, TFE/P/1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, TFE/P/2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, TFE/P/TrFE, TFE/P/DiFE, TFE/P/VdF/TFP, TFE/P/VdF/PAVE, and TFE/P/Compound 4 can be mentioned, and TFE/P and TFE/P/Compound 4 are particularly preferable.
- HFP/VdF-containing copolymers include HFP/VdF, TFE/VdF/HFP, TFE/VdF/HFP/TFP, TFE/VdF/HFP/PAVE, VdF/HFP/TFP, and VdF/HFP/PAVE. , HFP/VdF is particularly preferred.
- TFE/PAVE-containing copolymers examples include TFE/PAVE, particularly preferred are TFE/PMVE and TFE/PMVE/PPVE, in which PAVE is PMVE or PPVE, and among these, TFE/PMVE is preferred.
- copolymer 1 also include TFE/VdF/2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropylene, VdF/PAVE, VdF/2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropylene, E/HFP be done.
- the copolymer 1 is preferably a TFE/P-containing copolymer, and particularly preferably TFE/P or TFE/P/compound 4.
- TFE/P has good thermal stability during melt-kneading and stable transportability during melt-kneading. In addition, coloring and foaming of the molded article of the present invention are reduced.
- TFE/P/compound 4 is excellent in heat resistance and compatibility with polyamide.
- the ratio of each unit constituting the copolymer 1 is preferably within the following range from the viewpoint of easily contributing to the impact resistance of the molded article.
- the molar ratio of each unit in TFE/P (TFE:P, hereinafter the same) is preferably 30-80:70-20, more preferably 40-70:60-30, and even more preferably 50-60:50-40.
- TFE:P:VF in TFE/P/VF is preferably 30-60:60-20:0.05-40.
- TFE:P:VdF in TFE/P/VdF is preferably 30-60:60-20:0.05-40.
- TFE:P:E in TFE/P/E is preferably 20-60:70-30:0.05-40.
- TFE:P:TFP in TFE/P/TFP is preferably 30-60:60-30:0.05-20.
- TFE:P:PAVE in TFE/P/PAVE is preferably 40-70:60-29.95:0.05-20.
- TFE/P/1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene TFE:P:1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene is preferably 30-60:60-20:0.05-40.
- TFE/P/2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene TFE:P:2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene is preferably 30-60:60-20:0.05-40.
- TFE:P:TrFE in TFE/P/TrFE is preferably 30-60:60-20:0.05-40.
- TFE:P:DiFE in TFE/P/DiFE is preferably 30-60:60-20:0.05-40.
- TFE:P:VdF:TFP in TFE/P/VdF/TFP is preferably 30-60:60-20:0.05-40:0.05-20.
- TFE:P:VdF:PAVE in TFE/P/VdF/PAVE is preferably 30-70:60-20:0.05-40:0.05-20.
- TFE:P:compound 4 is preferably 40-75:55-20:0.01-10, more preferably 45-60:50-35:0.01-5.0 .
- HFP:VdF is preferably 99-5:1-95.
- TFE:VdF:HFP in TFE/VdF/HFP is preferably 20-60:1-40:20-60.
- TFE:VdF:HFP:TFP in TFE/VdF/HFP/TFP is preferably 30-60:0.05-40:60-20:0.05-20.
- TFE/VdF/HFP/PAVE TFE:VdF:HFP:PAVE is preferably 30-70:60-20:0.05-40:0.05-20.
- VdF/HFP/TFP VdF:HFP:TFP is preferably 1-90:95-5:0.05-20.
- VdF/HFP/PAVE VdF:HFP:PAVE is preferably 20-90:9.95-70:0.05-20.
- TFE:PAVE is preferably 40-70:60-30.
- TFE:PMVE is preferably 40-70:60-30.
- TFE:PMVE:PPVE is preferably 40-70:3-57:3-57.
- TFE:VdF:2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropylene is preferably 1-30:30-90:5-60.
- VdF/PAVE VdF:PAVE is preferably 3-95:97-5.
- VdF/2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropylene VdF:2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropylene is preferably 30-95:70-5.
- E/HFP E:HFP is preferably 40-60:60-40.
- Copolymer 1 can be produced by polymerizing one or more monomers m1 and optionally one or more of monomers m2 and/or m3 in the presence of a radical polymerization initiator. . At this time, a chain transfer agent may be present.
- the polymerization method includes an emulsion polymerization method, a solution polymerization method, a suspension polymerization method, a bulk polymerization method, and the like.
- Emulsion polymerization in which monomers are polymerized in the presence of an aqueous medium and an emulsifier, is preferred because the molecular weight and copolymer composition of the copolymer 1 can be easily adjusted and the productivity is excellent.
- monomers are polymerized in the presence of an aqueous medium, an emulsifier and a radical polymerization initiator to obtain a latex of Copolymer 1.
- a pH adjuster may be added during the polymerization of the monomers.
- additives such as fillers, plasticizers and flame retardants. These additives may be used in combination of two or more.
- fillers include inorganic fillers.
- the inorganic filler is not particularly limited, and known plasticizers can be employed, such as CaCO3 , SiO2 , TiO2 , BaSO4 , ZnO, Al(OH) 3 , Mg(OH) 2 , talc, mica, Carbon black, white carbon, clay, carbon nanotube, glass fiber, carbon fiber.
- plasticizers such as CaCO3 , SiO2 , TiO2 , BaSO4 , ZnO, Al(OH) 3 , Mg(OH) 2 , talc, mica, Carbon black, white carbon, clay, carbon nanotube, glass fiber, carbon fiber.
- carbon black include furnace black, acetylene black, thermal black, channel black and graphite.
- the plasticizer is not particularly limited, and any known plasticizer can be used, including phthalates, adipates, and the like.
- the flame retardant is not particularly limited, and known flame retardants can be employed, including aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, antimony trioxide, sodium antimonate, antimony pentoxide, phosphazene compounds, phosphoric acid esters, polyphosphoric acid.
- the mass ratio of polyamide/fluoropolymer is preferably 99/1 to 30/70, more preferably 99/5 to 50/50.
- the other components may be added when the polyamide and the fluoropolymer are melt-kneaded, or added after the polyamide and the fluoropolymer are melt-kneaded. may be
- twin-screw extruder a known twin-screw extruder can be used, and a twin-screw extruder equipped with a screw having a high kneading effect is preferable.
- a screw having a high kneading effect a screw that has a sufficient kneading effect on the material to be melt-kneaded and does not give excessive shearing force can be selected.
- Examples of the twin-screw extruder equipped with a screw having a high kneading effect include Laboplastomill kneader (manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd.).
- the polyamide and the fluoropolymer When supplying the polyamide and the fluoropolymer to the twin-screw extruder, the polyamide and the fluoropolymer may be mixed in advance and the mixture may be supplied to the twin-screw extruder, and the polyamide and the fluoropolymer are separately fed. It may be fed to a twin-screw extruder. When other components are included in the composition, the other components may be premixed with one of the polyamide and the fluoropolymer and supplied to the twin-screw extruder. It may be fed to a screw extruder. Other components may be added after melt-kneading the polyamide and the fluoropolymer, as described above.
- the melt-kneading conditions (kneading temperature, extrusion shear rate, melt-kneading object in a twin-screw extruder, and The residence time, discharge rate, extruder L/D (L: screw length, D: screw diameter), screw segment, etc.) are adjusted as appropriate. If the kneading temperature is sufficiently high, the fluoropolymer is easily dispersed in the polyamide during melt-kneading, and coarse particles of the fluoropolymer are less likely to remain.
- the kneading temperature is sufficiently low, the thermal decomposition of the fluoropolymer is less likely to be accelerated, and the particle size of the fluoropolymer is not excessively reduced. If the extrusion shear rate is sufficiently high, the fluoropolymer is easily dispersed in the polyamide during melt-kneading, and coarse particles of the fluoropolymer are less likely to remain. If the extrusion shear rate is sufficiently low, the particle size of the fluoropolymer is not excessively reduced.
- the residence time of the material to be melt-kneaded in the twin-screw extruder is sufficiently long, the fluoropolymer is easily dispersed in the polyamide during melt-kneading, and coarse particles of the fluoropolymer are less likely to remain. If the residence time is sufficiently short, thermal decomposition of the fluoropolymer is less likely to be accelerated.
- the kneading temperature is preferably 150 to 500.degree. C., more preferably 200 to 420.degree.
- the extrusion shear rate is preferably set according to the melt viscosity of the material to be melt-kneaded at the above kneading temperature.
- the extrusion shear rate is preferably 1 to 15000 s -1 , more preferably 20 to 5000 s -1 and even more preferably 30 to 2000 s -1 .
- the extrusion shear rate can be adjusted by screw rotation speed.
- the screw rotation speed is preferably 5 to 1000 rpm, more preferably 30 to 700 rpm, even more preferably 50 to 500 rpm.
- the residence time of the material to be melt-kneaded in the twin-screw extruder is preferably 3 to 2000 seconds, more preferably 5 to 600 seconds, even more preferably 10 to 300 seconds.
- the polyamide and the fluoropolymer are preferably melt-kneaded in the absence of substantially any cross-linking agent or cross-linking aid.
- Melt-kneading in the substantially absence of a cross-linking agent and a cross-linking aid means melt-kneading without substantially cross-linking the fluoropolymer in the composition.
- Whether or not the fluoropolymer in the composition is substantially crosslinked can be confirmed by the flexural modulus of the composition.
- the flexural modulus of the composition exceeds 3700 MPa because the flexibility of the fluoropolymer is lost.
- Melt-kneading in the absence of substantially any cross-linking agent or cross-linking aid can ensure the flexibility of the fluoropolymer in the composition and improve the impact resistance of the composition.
- the present composition can be melt-molded, and can be formed into a molded article by melt-molding.
- the composition can also be powdered and used as a coating material.
- Applications for coated articles include those described in WO2015/182702.
- the composition is also useful as an additive for fiber reinforced molded articles or as a matrix for prepregs.
- the melt-molding method includes known melt-molding methods such as injection molding, extrusion molding, co-extrusion molding, blow molding, compression molding, inflation molding, transfer molding, and calender molding. can be adopted.
- the production of the molded article may be carried out continuously after the production of the present composition described above.
- the molded article of this composition can be used for various purposes. Specific examples include, but are not limited to, sliding members, sealing materials, gears, actuators, pistons, bearings, housings, aircraft interior materials, fuel tubes, bushes, tubes, hoses, tanks, seals, wires, Examples include cables, films, sheets, bottles, and fibers. In addition, it can be suitably used for the applications described in JP-A-2018-203979.
- Tg Glass transition temperature
- the melting point was measured using a DSC apparatus (DSC7020 manufactured by Hitachi High-Tech Science Co., Ltd.) at a heating rate of 10°C/min.
- the 5% pyrolysis temperature was measured using a TGDTA device (TG/DTA7200, manufactured by Hitachi High-Tech Science) at a heating rate of 10°C/min.
- MFR Melting flow rate
- Izod impact strength ⁇ Impact strength (Izod impact strength)> Using an Izod tester (manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd.), an Izod impact test was performed under conditions of 23 ⁇ 2° C. according to ASTM D256 to determine the Izod impact strength.
- ⁇ Average dispersed particle size> The composition was press molded at 265° C. to produce a pressed sheet (dimensions 130 mm ⁇ 130 mm ⁇ 1 mm thick). After freeze-drying the press sheet, it was cut with a cutter, and the cross section was observed with a SEM (JSM-IT700HR manufactured by JEOL Ltd., magnification: 5000). The maximum diameter (domain size) of each domain was measured from the SEM image, and the average value of each domain size was taken as the average dispersed particle size. It was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis using JSM-IT700HR manufactured by JEOL Ltd. that the substance constituting each domain was a fluorine-containing polymer.
- EDS energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
- Examples 1-9) Using Labo Plastomill (manufactured by Toyo Seiki Co., Ltd.), each material was preheated and melt-kneaded according to the formulation shown in Table 1 to obtain a composition.
- the kneading conditions were 300° C., screw rotation speed of 50 rpm, preheating time of 2 minutes, and kneading time of 7 minutes.
- Examples 10 and 11 A composition was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the kneading temperature was changed from 300°C to 320°C. The obtained compositions were evaluated as described above. Table 1 shows the results.
- compositions of Examples 1-5 were superior in impact resistance to those of Examples 6 and 8, in which polyamide was used alone.
- the MFR was 5 g/10 minutes or more, and the excellent properties (moldability, etc.) of polyamide were sufficiently maintained.
- Example 10 using PA9T as the polyamide was superior in impact resistance to Example 11 using polyamide alone.
- the entire contents of the specification, claims and abstract of Japanese Patent Application No. 2021-108983 filed on June 30, 2021 are cited here and incorporated as disclosure of the specification of the present invention. is.
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Abstract
Description
吸水性の低減、耐摩耗性の向上等の目的で、ポリアミドに含フッ素重合体を配合することが提案されている(特許文献1)。
本発明は、耐衝撃性に優れるポリアミド系の組成物及びその製造方法を提供する。
[1]ポリアミドと含フッ素重合体とを含み、前記含フッ素重合体は、ガラス転移温度が30℃未満であり、かつ融点を有さず、前記含フッ素重合体が前記ポリアミドに分散しており、前記含フッ素重合体の平均分散粒子径が12μm未満である、組成物。
[2]前記ポリアミドと前記含フッ素重合体とを、前記ポリアミド/前記含フッ素重合体=40/60~99/1の質量比で含む、[1]の組成物。
[3]ASTM D256に準拠し、23±1℃で測定されるアイゾット衝撃強度が60J/m超である、[1]又は[2]の組成物。
[4]下式(1)及び下式(2)を満たす、[1]~[3]のいずれかの組成物。
|Q1-Q2|≦60 ・・・(1)
10≦(Q3/Q2)×100≦80 ・・・(2)
ただし、Q1は、前記含フッ素重合体の溶融流速(g/10分)を示し、Q2は、前記ポリアミドの溶融流速(g/10分)を示し、Q3は、前記組成物の溶融流速(g/10分)を示す。Q1~Q3はそれぞれ、ISO 1133に準拠し、温度280℃、荷重2.16kgの条件で測定された値である。
[6]前記含フッ素重合体が極性基を有する、[1]~[5]のいずれかの組成物。
[7]前記極性基が、臭素原子又はヨウ素原子である、[6]の組成物。
[8]前記含フッ素重合体がテトラフルオロエチレンに基づく単位とプロピレンに基づく単位とを有する共重合体である、[1]~[7]のいずれかの組成物。
[9]前記含フッ素重合体の下記5%熱分解温度が400℃超である、[1]~[8]のいずれかの組成物。
5%熱分解温度:示差熱熱重量同時測定装置を用い、空気下、10℃/分の昇温速度で含フッ素重合体を昇温したときに、前記含フッ素重合体の質量が5質量%減少する温度。
[10]前記[1]~[9]のいずれかの組成物の製造方法であって、前記ポリアミドと前記含フッ素重合体とを、前記ポリアミド/前記含フッ素重合体=40/60~99/1の質量比で、二軸押出機を用いて溶融混錬する、製造方法。
「ガラス転移温度」は、動的粘弾性測定(DMA)法で測定したtanδピークの最大値に対応する温度である。以下、ガラス転移温度をTgとも記す。
「融点」は、示差走査熱量測定(DSC)法で測定した融解ピークの最大値に対応する温度である。
「5%熱分解温度」は、示差熱熱重量同時測定(TG-DTA)装置を用い、空気下、10℃/分の昇温速度で試料(含フッ素重合体)を昇温したときに、試料の質量が5質量%減少する温度(試料の質量が、昇温前の試料の質量100質量%に対して95質量%となる温度)である。
「溶融流速」は、ISO 1133に準拠して測定されるメルトマスフローレートである。以下、溶融流速をMFRとも記す。MFRの測定条件は、温度280℃、荷重2.16kgとする。
「アイゾット衝撃強度」は、ASTM D256に準拠して測定される。特に記載がない場合、アイゾット衝撃強度は、23±2℃での値である。
「平均分散粒子径」は、組成物の成形体の断面を走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)で観察し、無作為に選ばれた20個のドメイン(分散粒子)の最大径を測定し、平均した値である。詳しくは、後述する実施例に記載のとおりである。
「単量体に基づく単位」は、単量体1分子が重合して直接形成される原子団と、重合後に該原子団の一部を化学変換して得られる原子団との総称である。
「単量体」とは、重合性炭素-炭素二重結合を有する化合物を意味する。
本発明の一態様に係る組成物(以下、本組成物とも記す。)は、ポリアミドと含フッ素重合体とを含む。本組成物は、必要に応じて、他の成分をさらに含んでいてもよい。各成分については後で詳しく説明する。
含フッ素重合体の平均分散粒子径は、耐衝撃性の点から、9μm未満が好ましく、7μm未満がより好ましい。また、含フッ素重合体の平均分散粒子径は、耐衝撃性の点から、0.01μm以上が好ましく、0.1μm以上がより好ましい。
|Q1-Q2|≦60 ・・・(1)
10≦(Q3/Q2)×100≦80 ・・・(2)
ただし、Q1は、含フッ素重合体のMFR(g/10分)を示し、Q2は、ポリアミドのMFR(g/10分)を示し、Q3は、本組成物のMFR(g/10分)を示す。
なお、Q2とQ1の関係としては、Q2/Q1が0.1~600である場合も、含フッ素重合体の分散性がより優れる傾向がある。Q2/Q1は、0.1~300がより好ましく、0.1~100がさらに好ましい。
ポリアミドとしては、加工性の点から、熱可塑性ポリアミドが好ましい。熱可塑性ポリアミドとしては、ラクタムの開環付加重合体及びジアミンとジカルボン酸との縮合重合体が好ましい。ラクタムとしては脂肪族ラクタムが好ましい。ジアミンとしては脂肪族ジアミンと芳香族ジカルボン酸が挙げられ、ジカルボン酸としては、脂肪族ジカルボン酸と芳香族ジカルボン酸が挙げられ、それらのジアミンとジカルボン酸の組み合わせにおいて少なくとも一方は脂肪族化合物であることが好ましい。ラクタムの具体例としてはε-カプロラクタム、ウンデカンラクタム、ラウリルラクタム等が挙げられ、ジアミンの具体例としては、ヘキサメチレンジアミン、ノナンジアミン、キシリレンジアミン等が挙げられ、ジカルボン酸の具体例としては、アジピン酸、セバシン酸、テレフタル酸、イソフタル酸等が挙げられる。
ポリアミドとしては、耐衝撃性の点から、PA6、PA66、PA12、PA46、PA612、PA9T、PA6T、MXD6からなる群から選ばれるポリアミドが好ましく、PA66、PA6、PA9T及びPA6Tがより好ましく、PA66及びPA6が特に好ましい。
封止剤としては、ポリアミドの主鎖末端のアミノ基又はカルボキシ基と反応性を有する官能基を1個有する化合物が好ましく、反応性及び封止された末端の安定性等に優れる点から、モノカルボン酸又はモノアミンがより好ましく、取扱性に優れる点から、モノカルボン酸がより好ましい。その他に、無水フタル酸等の酸無水物、イソシアネート類、酸ハロゲン化物類、エステル類、モノアルコール類等も使用できる。
含フッ素重合体は、Tgが30℃未満であり、かつ融点を有さない。これにより、組成物の耐衝撃性を向上できる。含フッ素重合体Tgは、耐熱性の点から-30℃以上が好ましく、-20℃以上が好ましい。
Tgが30℃未満であり、かつ融点を有さない含フッ素重合体は、典型的には、含フッ素エラストマーである。
含フッ素エラストマーは、ASTM D6204に準じて測定される、100℃、50cpmにおける貯蔵弾性率G’が80以上を示す、融点を持たない含フッ素弾性共重合体であり、融点を有する含フッ素重合体とは区別される。
極性基としては、例えば、ヨウ素原子、臭素原子、エポキシ基、酸無水物基、ヒドロキシ基、アミノ基、ハロゲン化アルキル基(ただし、フッ素化アルキル基を除く。)、カルボキシ基が挙げられる。ハロゲン化アルキル基におけるハロゲン原子としては、ヨウ素原子、臭素原子、塩素原子等が挙げられる。含フッ素重合体が有する極性基は2種以上でもよい。
極性基としては、本組成物の耐熱性の点から、臭素原子及びヨウ素原子からなる群から選択される極性基が好ましい。
CF2=CF(ORF) ・・・(3)
ただし、RFは、炭素数1~8のペルフルオロアルキル基を示す。
RFは、直鎖状でも分岐状でもよい。
PAVEとしては、例えば、ペルフルオロ(メチルビニルエーテル)(以下、「PMVE」とも記す。)、ペルフルオロ(エチルビニルエーテル)(以下、「PEVE」とも記す。)、ペルフルオロ(プロピルビニルエーテル)(以下、「PPVE」とも記す。)、ペルフルオロ(ブチルビニルエーテル)(以下、「PBVE」とも記す。)が挙げられる。
CR1R2=CR3-R4-CR5=CR6R7 ・・・(4)
ただし、R1、R2、R3、R5、R6及びR7は、それぞれ独立に水素原子、フッ素原子又はメチル基を示し、R4は、炭素原子数1~10のペルフルオロアルキレン基又は前記ペルフルオロアルキレン基の両末端、片末端もしくは炭素-炭素結合間にエーテル性酸素原子を有する基を示す。
化合物4の好適な具体例としては、CF2=CFO(CF2)3OCF=CF2(以下、「C3DVE」とも記す。)、CF2=CFO(CF2)4OCF=CF2、CH2=CH(CF2)6CH=CH2が挙げられる。
TFE単位とP単位とを有する共重合体(以下、「TFE/P含有共重合体」とも記す)。
HFP単位とVdF単位とを有する共重合体(ただし、P単位を有するものを除く)(以下、「HFP/VdF含有共重合体」とも記す)。
TFE単位とPAVE単位とを有する共重合体(ただし、P単位又はVdF単位を有するものを除く)(以下、「TFE/PAVE含有共重合体」とも記す)。
TFE/P(TFE単位とP単位からなる共重合体を意味する。他についても同様である)、TFE/P/VF、TFE/P/VdF、TFE/P/E、TFE/P/TFP、TFE/P/PAVE、TFE/P/1,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペン、TFE/P/2,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペン、TFE/P/TrFE、TFE/P/DiFE、TFE/P/VdF/TFP、TFE/P/VdF/PAVE、TFE/P/化合物4が挙げられ、なかでもTFE/P、TFE/P/化合物4が好ましい。
TFE/Pにおける各単位のモル比(TFE:P。以下同様)は、30~80:70~20が好ましく、40~70:60~30がより好ましく、50~60:50~40がさらに好ましい。
TFE/P/VFにおいてTFE:P:VFは、30~60:60~20:0.05~40が好ましい。
TFE/P/VdFにおいてTFE:P:VdFは、30~60:60~20:0.05~40が好ましい。
TFE/P/EにおいてTFE:P:Eは、20~60:70~30:0.05~40が好ましい。
TFE/P/TFPにおいてTFE:P:TFPは、30~60:60~30:0.05~20が好ましい。
TFE/P/PAVEにおいてTFE:P:PAVEは、40~70:60~29.95:0.05~20が好ましい。
TFE/P/1,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペンにおいてTFE:P:1,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペンは、30~60:60~20:0.05~40が好ましい。
TFE/P/2,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペンにおいてTFE:P:2,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペンは、30~60:60~20:0.05~40が好ましい。
TFE/P/TrFEにおいてTFE:P:TrFEは、30~60:60~20:0.05~40が好ましい。
TFE/P/DiFEにおいてTFE:P:DiFEは、30~60:60~20:0.05~40が好ましい。
TFE/P/VdF/TFPにおいてTFE:P:VdF:TFPは、30~60:60~20:0.05~40:0.05~20が好ましい。
TFE/P/VdF/PAVEにおいてTFE:P:VdF:PAVEは、30~70:60~20:0.05~40:0.05~20が好ましい。
TFE/P/化合物4において、TFE:P:化合物4は、40~75:55~20:0.01~10が好ましく、45~60:50~35:0.01~5.0がより好ましい。
TFE/VdF/HFPにおいてTFE:VdF:HFPは、20~60:1~40:20~60が好ましい。
TFE/VdF/HFP/TFPにおいてTFE:VdF:HFP:TFPは、30~60:0.05~40:60~20:0.05~20が好ましい。
TFE/VdF/HFP/PAVEにおいてTFE:VdF:HFP:PAVEは、30~70:60~20:0.05~40:0.05~20が好ましい。
VdF/HFP/TFPにおいてVdF:HFP:TFPは、1~90:95~5:0.05~20が好ましい。
VdF/HFP/PAVEにおいてVdF:HFP:PAVEは、20~90:9.95~70:0.05~20が好ましい。
TFE/PMVE/PPVEにおいてTFE:PMVE:PPVEは、40~70:3~57:3~57が好ましい。
VdF/PAVEにおいてVdF:PAVEは、3~95:97~5が好ましい。
VdF/2,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロピレンにおいてVdF:2,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロピレンは、30~95:70~5が好ましい。
E/HFPにおいてE:HFPは、40~60:60~40が好ましい。
重合法としては、乳化重合法、溶液重合法、懸濁重合法、塊状重合法等が挙げられる。共重合体1の分子量、共重合体組成の調整が容易で、生産性に優れる点から、水性媒体及び乳化剤の存在下で、単量体を重合する乳化重合法が好ましい。
乳化重合法においては、水性媒体、乳化剤及びラジカル重合開始剤の存在下に単量体を重合して、共重合体1のラテックスを得る。単量体の重合の際にpH調整剤を添加してもよい。
他の成分としては、充填剤、可塑剤、難燃剤等の添加剤が挙げられる。これらの添加剤は、2種以上を併用してもよい。
無機充填剤としては、特に限定されず、公知の可塑剤を採用でき、例えばCaCO3、SiO2、TiO2、BaSO4、ZnO、Al(OH)3、Mg(OH)2、タルク、マイカ、カーボンブラック、ホワイトカーボン、クレー、カーボンナノチューブ、ガラス繊維、炭素繊維が挙げられる。カーボンブラックとしては、ファーネスブラック、アセチレンブラック、サーマルブラック、チャンネルブラック、グラファイト等が挙げられる。
難燃剤としては、特に限定されず、公知の難燃剤を採用でき、水酸化アルミニウム、水酸化マグネシウム、炭酸マグネシウム、三酸化アンチモン、アンチモン酸ナトリウム、五酸化アンチモン、ホスファゼン化合物、リン酸エステル、ポリリン酸アンモニウム、ポリリン酸メラミン・メラム・メレム、赤リン、モリブデン化合物、ホウ酸化合物、PTFE等が挙げられ、三酸化アンチモン、トリフェニルホスフェート、トリクレジルホスフェート、トリキシレニルホスフェート、クレジルフェニルホスフェート、2-エチルヘキシルジフェニルホスフェートその他芳香族リン酸エステル等のリン酸エステル、本組成物中でフィブリル構造を形成するドリップ防止剤であるポリテトラフルオロエチレン等が挙げられる。
本組成物は、例えば、ポリアミドと含フッ素重合体とを、ポリアミド/含フッ素重合体=40/60~99/1の質量比で、二軸押出機を用いて溶融混錬する方法により製造できる。
ポリアミド/含フッ素重合体の質量比は、99/1~30/70が好ましく、99/5~50/50がより好ましい。
他の成分を本組成物に含有させる場合、他の成分は、ポリアミドと含フッ素重合体とを溶融混練する際に添加されてもよいし、ポリアミドと含フッ素重合体とを溶融混練した後に添加されてもよい。
二軸押出機としては、公知の二軸押出機を用いることができ、混練効果の高いスクリューを備えた二軸押出機が好ましい。混練効果の高いスクリューとしては、溶融混練対象物に対する充分な混練効果を有し、かつ、過剰なせん断力を与えないものを選択できる。
混練効果の高いスクリューを備えた二軸押出機としては、例えば、ラボプラストミル混練機(東洋精機製作所社製)が挙げられる。
他の成分を組成物に含有させる場合、他の成分は、ポリアミド及び含フッ素重合体の一方と予め混合して二軸押出機へ供給してもよく、ポリアミド及び含フッ素重合体とは別に二軸押出機へ供給してもよい。他の成分は、上述の通り、ポリアミドと含フッ素重合体とを溶融混練した後に添加されてもよい。
混練温度が充分高ければ、溶融混練時に含フッ素重合体がポリアミド中に分散しやすく、含フッ素重合体の粗大粒子が残存しにくい。該混練温度が充分低ければ、含フッ素重合体の熱分解が促進されにくく、含フッ素重合体が小粒径化されすぎることがない。
押出せん断速度が充分大きければ、溶融混練時に含フッ素重合体がポリアミド中に分散しやすく、含フッ素重合体の粗大粒子が残存しにくい。該押出せん断速度が充分小さければ、含フッ素重合体が小粒径化されすぎることがない。
溶融混練対象物の二軸押出機内での滞留時間が充分長ければ、溶融混練時に含フッ素重合体がポリアミド中に分散しやすく、含フッ素重合体の粗大粒子が残存しにくい。該滞留時間が充分短ければ、含フッ素重合体の熱分解が促進されにくい。
押出せん断速度は、1~15000s-1が好ましく、20~5000s-1がより好ましく、30~2000s-1がさらに好ましい。
押出せん断速度は、スクリュー回転数により調整できる。スクリュー回転数は、5~1000rpmが好ましく、30~700rpmがより好ましく、50~500rpmがさらに好ましい。
溶融混練対象物の二軸押出機内での滞留時間は、3~2000秒が好ましく、5~600秒がより好ましく、10~300秒がさらに好ましい。
架橋剤及び架橋助剤を実質的に存在させずに溶融混練するとは、組成物中の含フッ素重合体を実質的に架橋させずに溶融混練することを意味する。組成物中の含フッ素重合体が実質的に架橋していないかどうかは、組成物の曲げ弾性率の値によって確認できる。含フッ素重合体が実質的に架橋されると、含フッ素重合体の柔軟性が失われるため、組成物の曲げ弾性率が3700MPaを超える。
架橋剤及び架橋助剤を実質的に存在させずに溶融混練することで、組成物中の含フッ素重合体の柔軟性を確保し、組成物の耐衝撃性を向上できる。
本組成物は、溶融成形が可能であり、溶融成形によって成形体とすることができる。 本組成物は、パウダー状にしてコーティング材料として用いることもできる。コーティングされた物品の用途としては、国際公開第2015/182702号に記載されたものが挙げられる。
本組成物は、繊維強化成形品の添加剤、又はプリプレグのマトリックスとしても有用である。
なお、成形体の製造は、上述の本組成物の製造に次いで、連続して行ってもよい。
以上説明した本組成物にあっては、ポリアミドに特定の含フッ素重合体が特定の平均分散粒子径で分散しているので、ポリアミドに比べ、耐衝撃性に優れる。また、含フッ素重合体は耐熱分解性に優れるので、本組成物は、耐熱分解性にも優れ、加工性にも優れる。
例1~5は実施例であり、例6~9は比較例である。
<ガラス転移温度(Tg)>
Tgは、DMA装置(日立ハイテクサイエンス社製DMS6100)を用い、2℃/分の昇温速度で測定した。
融点は、DSC装置(日立ハイテクサイエンス社製 DSC7020)を用い、10℃/分の昇温速度で測定した。
5%熱分解温度は、TGDTA装置(日立ハイテクサイエンス社製 TG/DTA7200)を用い、10℃/分の昇温速度で測定した。
MFRは、MELT INDEXER(タカラサーミスタ社製)を用い、ISO 1133に準拠した方法で測定した。測定条件は温度280℃、荷重2.16kgとした。
アイゾット試験装置(東洋精機製作所社製)を用い、ASTM D256に準拠し、23±2℃の条件下でアイゾット衝撃試験を行い、アイゾット衝撃強度を求めた。
組成物を265℃でプレス成形してプレスシート(寸法130mm×130mm×1mm厚)を作製した。プレスシートを凍結乾燥した後、カッターで切断し、その断面をSEM(日本電子社製JSM-IT700HR、倍率5000倍)にて観察した。そのSEM画像から各ドメインの最大径(ドメインサイズ)を計測し、各ドメインサイズの平均値を平均分散粒子径とした。なお、各ドメインを構成する物質が含フッ素重合体であることを、日本電子社製JSM-IT700HRを用いたエネルギー分散型X線分光(EDS)分析により確認した。
PA6:宇部興産社製「1013B」。
PA66:旭化成社製「レオナ 1402S」。
PA9T:クラレ社製「ジェネスタN1000A」。
含フッ素重合体A:含フッ素エラストマー、国際公開第2009/119202の実施例1と同様にして得た合成品、TFE/P=56/44(モル比)の共重合体、主鎖末端にヨウ素含有。
含フッ素重合体B:含フッ素エラストマー、TFE/P=56/44(モル比)の共重合体、ヨウ素不含有。
含フッ素重合体C:含フッ素エラストマー、国際公開第2017/057512の実施例5と同様にして得た合成品、TFE/P/C3DVE=56/43.8/0.2(モル比)の共重合体(C3DVEはCF2=CFO(CF2)3OCF=CF2を示す。)、主鎖末端にヨウ素含有。
含フッ素重合体D:非エラストマー、TFE/エチレン/C2/無水イタコン酸=58.5/39/2.4/0.1(モル比)の共重合体(C2はCH2=CHC2F5を示す。)。
ラボプラストミル(東洋精機社製)を用い、表1に示される配合に従って、各材料を予備加熱し、溶融混練して組成物を得た。混練条件は、300℃、スクリュー回転数50rpm、予備加熱時間2分、混練時間7分とした。
(例10、11)
混練条件のうち、温度を300℃から320℃に変更した以外は、例1と同様の方法で組成物を得た。
得られた組成物について、上記評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
一方、含フッ素重合体の平均分散粒子径が12μm以上の例7の組成物は、例1~5の組成物に比べ、耐衝撃性に劣っていた。
Tgが30℃以上でありかつ融点を有する含フッ素重合体を用いた例9の組成物は、同じ量の含フッ素重合体を用いた例2等の組成物に比べ、耐衝撃性に劣っていた。
ポリアミドとしてPA9Tを用いた例10の組成物は、ポリアミドを単独で用いた例11に比べ、耐衝撃性に優れていた。
なお、2021年06月30日に出願された日本特許出願2021-108983号の明細書、特許請求の範囲及び要約書の全内容をここに引用し、本発明の明細書の開示として、取り入れるものである。
Claims (10)
- ポリアミドと含フッ素重合体とを含み、
前記含フッ素重合体は、ガラス転移温度が30℃未満であり、かつ融点を有さず、
前記含フッ素重合体が前記ポリアミドに分散しており、前記含フッ素重合体の平均分散粒子径が12μm未満である、組成物。 - 前記ポリアミドと前記含フッ素重合体とを、前記ポリアミド/前記含フッ素重合体=40/60~99/1の質量比で含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- ASTM D256に準拠し、23±1℃で測定されるアイゾット衝撃強度が60J/m超である、請求項1又は2に記載の組成物。
- 下式(1)及び下式(2)を満たす、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
|Q1-Q2|≦60 ・・・(1)
10≦(Q3/Q2)×100≦80 ・・・(2)
ただし、Q1は、前記含フッ素重合体の溶融流速(g/10分)を示し、Q2は、前記ポリアミドの溶融流速(g/10分)を示し、Q3は、前記組成物の溶融流速(g/10分)を示す。Q1~Q3はそれぞれ、ISO 1133に準拠し、温度280℃、荷重2.16kgの条件で測定された値である。 - 前記含フッ素重合体が含フッ素エラストマーである、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記含フッ素重合体が極性基を有する、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記極性基が、臭素原子又はヨウ素原子である、請求項6に記載の組成物。
- 前記含フッ素重合体がテトラフルオロエチレンに基づく単位とプロピレンに基づく単位とを有する共重合体である、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記含フッ素重合体の下記5%熱分解温度が400℃超である、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
5%熱分解温度:示差熱熱重量同時測定装置を用い、空気下、10℃/分の昇温速度で含フッ素重合体を昇温したときに、前記含フッ素重合体の質量が5質量%減少する温度。 - 請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の組成物の製造方法であって、
前記ポリアミドと前記含フッ素重合体とを、前記ポリアミド/前記含フッ素重合体=40/60~99/1の質量比で、二軸押出機を用いて溶融混錬する、製造方法。
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