WO2023244142A1 - All-in-one system of equipment for dehydrating, collecting and conveying particulate waste - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of processing particulate waste, such as sewage sludge, or waste generated by the petrochemical, pharmaceutical and food industries or by the production of cosmetic and medical products. An all-in-one system of equipment for dehydrating, collecting and conveying particulate waste contains a feed conveyor, a transfer conveyor and a discharge conveyor for dehydrated waste. The system contains a rake, and a mechanical brush which is situated above the rake and in front of the feed conveyor and is configured for collecting dehydrated waste, wherein the rake and the brush are mounted on a mounting frame. The mounting frame is movably attachable to a fixed supporting frame installed about the perimeter of a waste-bearing bed and is configured for vertical and horizontal movement over the surface of said bed. The rake is designed to be capable of raking the waste so as to bring it to the desired degree of dehydration. The invention makes it possible to dehydrate waste in a highly efficient manner and to collect and convey dehydrated waste from large-area sites.

Description

UNIVERSAL EQUIPMENT COMPLEX FOR DEWATERING, COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION OF FINE WASTE

The technical field to which the invention relates.

The invention relates to the field of processing fine waste, such as sewage sludge, including raw sludge and excess activated sludge, as well as waste from the petrochemical, pharmaceutical, food industries, waste from the production of cosmetics and medical products of a wide range.

State of the art.

The technical solution is known from the prior art according to the RF patent for invention No. 2318576, K 3 HANDELS AB (SE), B01D21/18, E03F5/14, C02F1/52, publ. 03/10/2008, which provides a description of a system for scraping, transporting and collecting sludge, containing, first of all, a number of scraper and transport elements, the transport elements are located at least on two levels, including a lower level consisting of straight transport elements located essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the settling tank, and an upper level in which the transport elements are arched in the horizontal direction and/or bent in the middle at an angle. The general features that coincide with the essential features of the claimed invention are: a system for transporting and collecting sludge, containing scraper and transport elements. A technical problem that could not be solved in the implementation and use of the above-described analogue of the invention is that the above-described equipment system contains transporting elements, the design of which ensures a sludge concentration at which its overflow over the edge is practically eliminated or at least significantly reduced transporting element, which indicates a high degree of humidity of the transported sludge, close in consistency to clay, bitumen, tar, etc., as a result of which there is a high probability of sludge sticking to the surface of the transporting device, which is subsequently almost impossible to clean from the adhering product, which may lead to reduced equipment performance.

The closest to the claimed technical solution is the technical solution under the RF patent for invention No. 2660885, Limited Liability Company "ECOTECH", C02F11/00, publ. 07/10/2018, in which it is presented description of the production complex for processing sewage sludge, containing a feed conveyor for dewatered sludge; a filler container with a screw feeder, located with the possibility of supplying sediment and filler to the mixer, made with a means for unloading the mixture; pathogen killer; emergency unloading conveyor with the possibility of connecting its input to the output of the dewatered sludge supply conveyor; container for receiving the mixture; a loading conveyor for loading the mixture and a conveyor for unloading compost from the means for destroying pathogens, wherein the means for destroying pathogens is made in the form of an aerobic fermenter, the means for unloading the mixture is made in the form of a conveyor, the output of which is installed with the ability to supply the mixture into a container for receiving the mixture from the mixer, and the loading conveyor is placed with the ability to receive the mixture from the container for receiving the mixture and feeding it into the fermenter. General features that coincide with the essential features of the claimed invention are: a production complex for processing sewage sludge, containing a dewatered sludge feed conveyor; a dewatered sludge reloading conveyor with the possibility of connecting its input to the output of the dewatered sludge supply conveyor; conveyor for unloading dewatered sludge (system of transport devices)

A technical problem that could not be solved when implementing and using the above-described analogue of the invention is that the above-described production complex contains permanently installed units of equipment, and can only be used with a continuous supply of separated dewatered sludge from wastewater, while ensuring maintaining a constant amount of incoming sludge for processing, regardless of its allocation by time of day, which requires additional means for transporting dewatered sludge from the place where the process of dewatering is directly carried out. The production complex is not suitable for simultaneous dewatering and transportation of waste directly at the sites where waste is stored, including: large surface area. In addition, the complex, as stated in the description of the invention, is used without installing it directly at sewage sludge landfills; supply of dewatered sludge can be carried out from different landfills, subject to the obligatory fulfillment of only the conditions of continuity and constancy of the amount of supplied dewatered sludge, the percentage of sludge dewatering, while is an averaged variable value, which is difficult to correct; when exceeded above 50%, sediment begins to stick to the belt of the transporting device.

Disclosure of the invention.

The technical result provided by the invention is the creation of a universal set of equipment for waste processing, allowing highly efficient waste dewatering to achieve the required degree of dehydration, collection and transportation of dehydrated waste from a large surface, which is achieved through the implementation of a universal set of equipment for waste processing, containing a feed conveyor a belt, a reloading conveyor belt, a conveyor belt for unloading dehydrated waste, which additionally contains a comb, a mechanical brush located above the comb and in front of the feeding conveyor belt, adapted for collecting dehydrated waste, which, together with the interconnected feeding conveyor belt and the conveyor belt for reloading dehydrated waste, forming a complex installation for dewatering and collection of dehydrated waste, are mounted on a mounting frame, made with the possibility of movably attaching it to a support frame, fixedly installed along the perimeter of the site with waste placed on it, and adapted for vertical and horizontal movement above the surface of the site, and the comb is configured to turn the waste to bring it to the required degree of dehydration when moving the mounting frame.

Collection and transportation of waste from a large surface is ensured by: the possibility of movable mounting of a mounting frame on which a comb is mounted, a mechanical brush adapted for collecting dehydrated waste, a feeding conveyor belt interconnected with a conveyor belt for reloading dehydrated waste, forming a comprehensive installation for dewatering and collecting dehydrated waste , to a support frame fixedly installed along the perimeter of the site with waste placed on it, relative to which the mounting frame can move in the vertical and horizontal direction over the entire surface of the site, and the overall dimensions of the support frame correspond to the overall dimensions of the site with waste, which allows the use of a complex of equipment on the site with unlimited overall dimensions, incl. having a large surface. Highly efficient waste dewatering is ensured by:

- the presence of a comb, made with the possibility of tedding (loosening) raw (high humidity) waste when moving the mounting frame, while, with horizontal movement of the frame, the comb directly teddens the raw waste, destroying the quickly drying top layer, thereby promoting a faster drying process and dewatering of waste, bringing it to the required degree of dehydration, and with vertical movement of the mounting frame, the comb can be lowered to the required depth of waste layers as dewatering and removal of dehydrated waste from the surface.

The versatility of the equipment complex is ensured by:

- the presence in the complex of waste dewatering equipment, made in the form of a comb, equipment for collecting dewatered waste, made in the form of a mechanical brush, adapted for collecting dehydrated waste by rotating it relative to a fixed axis located above the comb and in front of the feeding conveyor belt, and equipment for transportation of dehydrated waste, including a feeding conveyor belt interconnected with a reloading conveyor belt with a variable angle of inclination, combined into a single integrated installation, which makes it possible to carry out waste dewatering in a consistent and continuous mode to the required degree of humidity and collect it directly on the site where wet waste is placed, thereby eliminating the need to additionally use equipment for delivering waste previously dehydrated somewhere else to the place of further processing.

Brief description of the drawings.

The invention is illustrated by a drawing, which shows a general view of a universal set of equipment for waste processing in an axonometric projection.

The positions in the drawing indicate:

1 - comb,

2 - brush,

3 - feeding conveyor belt (transverse conveyor belt),

4 - reloading conveyor belt,

5 - unloading conveyor belt (longitudinal conveyor belt),

6 - complex installation for waste collection and dewatering,

7- mounting frame, 8 - support frame,

9 - frame assembled from channels,

10 - screw supports,

11 - threaded posts,

12 - screw pairs,

13 - screw-nut assemblies,

14 - wheels,

15 - site with disposed waste.

Implementation of the invention.

A universal set of equipment for waste processing is designed for dewatering, collecting and transporting fine waste (product, substances), which can be used for processing: sewage sludge, including raw sludge and excess activated sludge, as well as waste from the petrochemical, pharmaceutical, and food industries , waste from the production of cosmetics and medical products of a wide range. This waste can be placed on sludge beds or other places with large surface areas.

The equipment complex contains a mechanism for tedding (loosening) dewatered fine waste, made in the form of a comb 1, which performs the function of dehydrating raw (high humidity) waste; a device for collecting dehydrated waste, made in the form of a mechanical brush 2, adapted for collecting dehydrated waste by rotating it relative to a fixed axis; a system of sequentially located conveyor belts, including a supply conveyor belt for dewatered waste 3, a conveyor belt for reloading dewatered waste 4, a conveyor belt for unloading dewatered waste 5.

The comb 1, the brush 2 and the feeding conveyor belt 3, interacting with the reloading conveyor belt 4, are functionally interconnected pieces of equipment that make up a single complex installation for dewatering and collecting finely dispersed substances from the surface 6, mounted on a mounting frame 7, made in the form of two parallel vertical plates connected by one horizontal plate, while the brush 2 is mounted above the comb 1 and directly in front of the feeding conveyor belt 3. Comb 1 is made of metal rods measuring 10 cm, which by welding (or bolting) are attached directly to the comb; with its ends, comb 1 is rigidly fixed to the vertical plates of the mounting frame 7. Mechanical brush 2, made of either iron wire or polymer materials increased strength, mounted on a horizontal fixed axis on bearings (not shown in the drawing), and the ends of the fixed axis are also rigidly fixed to the vertical plates of the mounting frame 7. The fixed axis, around which the brush 2 makes rotational movements during operation of the equipment complex, is located almost , parallel to the longitudinal axis of the comb 1.

The mounting frame 7 is made with the ability to movably attach it to a fixed support frame 8, consisting of a frame assembled from four channels 9 connected to each other, installed on supports along the perimeter of the platform 15 with waste containing high humidity (98.8%) placed on it. Screw supports 10 are used as supports, consisting of racks with threads 11 and screw pairs 12, functionally operating according to the simplest screw transmission scheme. Threaded posts 11 are secured at the bottom either by the principle of piles or by concreting, and at the top they are secured with transverse and longitudinal jumpers. The frame of channels 9 is attached to the threaded posts 11 by means of screw-nut 13 assemblies. The perimeter, shape and cross-sectional size of the support frame 8 corresponds to the perimeter, shape and cross-sectional size of the platform 15 on which the waste is placed.

The mounting frame 7, namely the vertical plates of the mounting frame, are movably attached to two opposite parallel sides of the channel frame 9 at four points by means of four wheels 14, each plate being respectively attached by two wheels to one of these sides. With the help of wheels 14, the mounting frame 7, on which the equipment of the complex installation 6 is mounted, is able to move (move) along a gear rack (not shown in the drawing) attached to each side of the frame of channels 9 along these sides of the frame. Horizontal movement (back and forth) of the mounting frame 7 can also be achieved through combinations of winch movements.

The mounting frame 7 is adapted for moving above the surface of the waste site 15 in the vertical direction by performing reciprocating movements (up and down) vertically and moving horizontally direction by rolling the wheels 14 along the rack along the sides of the frame made of channels 9, to which the mounting frame 7 is movably attached.

The comb 1 is configured to turn the waste to bring it to the required degree of dehydration of 50-70% (mainly 60%) when moving the mounting frame 7 with the equipment installed on it. The comb 1 has a rotating mechanism (not shown in the drawing), which allows you to vary the depth of waste turning in one pass of the complex installation 6, which corresponds to a single horizontal movement of the mounting frame 7 with the equipment that makes up the complex installation 6, along the sides of the frame made of channels 9 throughout their length in one direction.

The feeding conveyor belt 3 is located in the complex installation 6 for collection and dewatering in the rear part after the brush 2. The feeding conveyor belt 3 and the conveyor belt for reloading 4 dehydrated waste are located transversely (perpendicular) to the direction of horizontal movements of the mounting frame 7 and are functionally interconnected in such a way as to ensure transportation of waste from the collection site to the longitudinal conveyor belt for unloading dehydrated waste 5, which ensures transportation of waste to the equipment for the preliminary preparation of a semi-finished product from dehydrated waste. The unloading conveyor belt 5 is fixedly installed outside the perimeter of the platform 15 along the side of the support frame 8, along which the complex installation 6 makes horizontal movements, and from which the product from the reloading conveyor belt 4 is transferred to it.

Since the transversely located feeding conveyor belt 3 and the reloading conveyor belt 4 move together with the complex installation 6 vertically as the product is removed from the surface, and the longitudinal conveyor belt for unloading the product 5, in this case, moves only horizontally, the design of the longitudinal conveyor belt for waste reloading 4 it is possible to change the angle of inclination of the belt during transportation and transfer of the product.

A universal set of equipment for waste processing works as follows.

The proposed universal set of equipment can be used for processing waste with an initial humidity of 98.8%, located mainly on sludge beds, or in other places, for example, in tanks, storage facilities, natural ponds, etc., with large surface areas, Where using known methods, they are difficult to assemble and also require high costs, and have a geometric shape in cross-section similar to the geometric shape of sludge platforms, namely, a rectangular or square shape, while the ratio of width and length and their size of the sides of the selected site is not large values (they are different at each water utility), because the overall dimensions of the equipment included in the complex installation 6, namely, the length of the comb 1, the length of the fixed axis about which the mechanical brush 2 can rotate, as well as the length of the feeding conveyor belt 3 and the overload conveyor belt 4 can be selected to suit the size of the selected area 15 with waste placed on it.

After selecting a site 15 (for example, it is a sludge site with waste), four screw supports 10 are installed in its corners, the height of which is determined specifically for each water utility depending on the depth of the sludge site itself (can be from 0.5 meters to 2 meters). The screw supports contain posts with threads 11 and screw pairs 12. The posts with threads 11 are fixed in the base, for example, by concreting, and the depth of concreting is calculated depending on the volume of waste located on a given sludge platform, depending on the width and length of the sludge platform 15 (silt map). The threaded posts 11 are secured on top with transverse and longitudinal jumpers. A frame 9, pre-assembled from four interconnected channels, is installed on the screw supports 10, which is attached to the threaded posts 11 by means of four screw-nut 13 assemblies. The support frame 8, consisting of a frame of channels 9, installed and secured on the screw supports 10, located above the sludge platform 15 and has a perimeter geometrically corresponding to the perimeter of the sludge platform.

To any two opposite parallel sides of the frame made of channels 9 when choosing a platform with a square cross-section or having a greater length when choosing a platform with a rectangular cross-section, to which a gear rack is attached, two vertical plates of the mounting frame 7 are attached at four points using four wheels 14, each plate respectively is attached by means of two wheels to one of these sides, forming a movable connection when the wheels roll on a gear rack, working on the principle of a wheel pair of carriages. Thus, the mounting frame 7 is movably attached to the support frame 8, which allows the mounting frame 7 with the equipment installed and rigidly fixed to it to move freely by rolling the wheels 14 along the rack, making horizontal movements. The equipment is installed on the mounting frame 7 and rigidly fixed with observing the order of their relative arrangement, namely, at the lowest level, a comb 1 is installed, a mechanical brush 2 is installed above the comb, after which a feeding conveyor belt 3 is located at the back along the direction of movement of the mounting frame 7 and just below the brush 2, interacting with the overload conveyor belt 4, which is installed and secured on the mounting frame 7 under the feeding conveyor belt 3, i.e. brush 2 is located in front of the feeding conveyor belt 3.

The process of dehydrating raw waste having an initial moisture content of 98.8% and bringing it to a moisture content of more than 50-70% (mainly 60%) is carried out in one pass or several passes (if necessary) of the complex installation 6 above the surface of the waste site 15, corresponding to one horizontal movement (or several horizontal movements) from one side of the site to the other opposite side of the site, these sides are located perpendicular to the direction of movement of the installation 6. Recessed 10 cm into the waste layer, comb 1 loosens the upper dried layer, usually covered with a crust, preventing the waste layers from drying out , located under it. With its horizontal movement, comb 1 loosens the crusty top layer of finely dispersed product, transforming it into medium-disperse; in this state, drying and dehydration of waste occurs much faster. The moisture level of the waste is controlled by a special device for measuring humidity (moisture meter). The speed of bringing the required waste moisture can be adjusted by varying the depth of immersion of the comb, the number of horizontal and vertical movements of the installation, as well as the speed of movement of the installation, which can be selected by expert means. Achieving a waste moisture content of up to 50-70% (mostly 60%) is sufficient to prevent it from sticking (in large quantities) to the conveyor belt.

When comb 1 moves, brush 2 does not work; when the waste moisture reaches 60%, the brush starts working. The comb 1, when moving, throws the dehydrated waste onto the working brush 2, which is located at a slight slope to the surface of the waste, namely, when the frame 7 moves forward, the waste seems to move over the comb 1 and falls directly into the area of action of the brush 2. Rotation of the brush 2 carried out through a belt drive from the gearbox connecting the reciprocating motion of the complex installation 6. The rotating brush 2 collects and sweeps the collected product into a tray (hopper) for feeding with a brush dehydrated product (not shown in the drawing), which is then, by means of a bumper (not shown in the drawing), directed to the feeding conveyor belt 3, which is located at a level lower than the brush 2. Scrapers are installed on the feeding conveyor belt 2, which additionally prevent sticking product to the surface of the belt.

After each pass in the horizontal direction, as the dehydrated product is collected, installation 6 is lowered another 10 cm to turn the next layer of waste. The lowering of the installation level 6 occurs until the maximum complete collection of the product from the sludge platform 15.

From the supply transverse conveyor belt 3, the collected dehydrated waste is supplied through the reloading conveyor belt 4 to the longitudinal conveyor belt for unloading dehydrated waste 5. Since the transverse conveyor belt 3 with the conveyor belt 4 moves together with the installation 6 vertically as the product is removed from the surface, and the longitudinal conveyor the belt 5 moves only horizontally, the reloading conveyor belt 4 is made with the ability to change the angle of its inclination when transporting the product with the transfer of the product, the lower the installation 6 is lowered, the smaller the inclination angle of the reloading conveyor belt 4. The unloading conveyor belt 5 delivers the harvested product directly to the unit equipment for preliminary preparation of semi-finished products.

The equipment complex makes it possible to collect dehydrated waste up to 4-5 times per season (often) compared to existing technologies that collect only once per season (mechanical dewatering, sludge purifiers).

The equipment complex is easy to install and dismantle, so it can be installed on any sludge site.

Claims

CLAIM E A universal set of equipment for dewatering, collecting and transporting fine waste, containing a feeding conveyor belt, a reloading conveyor belt, a conveyor belt for unloading dehydrated waste, characterized in that it additionally contains a comb, a mechanical brush located above the comb and in front of the feeding conveyor belt, adapted for collection of dehydrated waste, which, together with the interconnected feeding conveyor belt and conveyor belt for reloading dehydrated waste, forming a complex installation for dewatering and collection of dehydrated waste, are mounted on a mounting frame made with the possibility of movably attaching it to a support frame fixedly installed around the perimeter platform with waste placed on it, and adapted for vertical and horizontal movement above the surface of the platform, and the comb is configured to turn the waste to bring it to the required degree of dehydration when moving the mounting frame. 2. A universal set of equipment for dewatering, collecting and transporting fine waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the overall dimensions of the support frame correspond to the overall dimensions of the waste site. 3. A universal set of equipment for dehydration, collection and transportation of fine waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the conveyor belt for reloading dehydrated waste is made with the ability to change the angle of inclination. 4. A universal set of equipment for dehydration, collection and transportation of fine waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanical brush is adapted to collect dehydrated waste by rotating it relative to a fixed axis.