WO2023139830A1 - Chip crusher and method for cutting chips - Google Patents

Abstract

[Problem] To provide a chip crusher and a method for cutting chips with which it is possible to prevent an emergency stop and/or a breakage accident due to chip clogging, and to resolve the problem of time loss and work efficiency reduction due to the work of removing clogging chips. [Solution] A rotary blade 11 is configured by alternately fitting large-diameter blades 29 and small-diameter blades 31 by insertion on a drive shaft 27 that is rotationally driven by a motor. To a casing 25 of a cutting part 15 by which the rotary blade 11 is rotatably supported, a fixed blade 13 that is engaged with the rotary blade 11 is fixed. As the large-diameter blades 29, three types of large-diameter blades 29A, 29B, 29C with different phases are prepared and combined into an array pattern. Due to the displacement in phase, even when a large number of chips 21, 21, ... are dropped at once in a lump, the load is distributed because the row of blade parts 29d, 29d, ... facing upward is thinned out. In addition, the fixed blade 13 for general purposes can be utilized as it is. Furthermore, the array pattern can be optimized in accordance with the conditions of the chips 21.

Description

Chip crusher and method for cutting chips

The present invention relates to a chip crusher that finely cuts chips discharged from a machine tool or the like to reduce the volume thereof, and a method for cutting chips.

Chips discharged from machine tools are made of various materials such as metal materials such as steel and aluminum, and synthetic resins, and have various shapes such as curls and spirals, making them very bulky. Therefore, if the discharged chips are stored in a container as it is, it will be full soon, and the storage efficiency will be poor, and subsequent post-processing (disposal processing, etc.) will be difficult, so a chip crusher is used for the purpose of volume reduction.
As this type of chip crusher, for example, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, there is known a chip processing device in which a screw shaft is provided in a cylindrical casing so as to be rotatably driven and intermittently rockable in the direction of the rotation axis. Chips are cut between the screw shaft and the inner surface of the cylindrical casing by the rotary motion and axial swing of the screw shaft, and are pressure-fed.

JP-A-6-297294 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2021-112788

However, in the chip processing apparatus of Patent Document 1, clogging is likely to occur due to the wide variety of materials and shapes of chips as described above, and emergency stoppages often occur. When clogging occurs, countermeasures such as removing the clogged chips are taken after reversing the jamming state by rotating it in reverse, but when the chip processing device stops, the machine tool also has to be stopped, resulting in a large time loss, resulting in a decrease in work efficiency.
In addition, depending on the biting state, serious situations such as deformation of the rotating shaft and breakage of the screw blades may occur.
Although a safety mechanism such as a torque limiter has been provided, it is still necessary to remove clogged chips after stopping the machine tool, and the problem of reduced work efficiency due to the stopping of the machine tool still remains.

On the other hand, the chip crusher of Patent Document 2 was previously proposed by the present applicant. Focusing on the fact that the conventional configuration is based on the assumption that a wide variety of chips can be processed without distinguishing them and clogging can occur, a specific configuration is presented based on the idea of changing the chip crusher side according to the conditions of the chips to prevent clogging. It has been confirmed that the specific configuration has a certain clogging prevention effect.

The present invention has been made with a focus on the conventional problems described above, and aims to provide a further improved chip crusher and chip cutting method that can prevent emergency stoppages and breakage accidents due to clogging of chips, and can solve the problems of time loss and reduced work efficiency due to work to remove clogged chips.

As with Patent Document 2, the present invention is based on the idea of changing the chip crusher side according to the chip conditions to prevent clogging, but it is clearly distinguishable from the configuration of Patent Document 2.

Specifically, the invention of claim 1 is a chip crusher comprising: a rotary blade in which large-diameter blades and small-diameter blades are alternately fitted non-rotatably and detachably on a drive shaft that is rotationally driven by a motor; and arranged in the axial direction of the drive shaft.

The invention of claim 2 is a chip crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that, even when the phases of the large-diameter blades arranged side by side in the axial direction are out of phase, the cross section perpendicular to the axial direction of the retraction region is secured as a V-shaped concave surface at the boundary between the large-diameter blades.

The invention of claim 3 is a chip crusher according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is composed of a combination of three types of phase-shifted large-diameter blades.

The invention of claim 4 is a chip crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the large-diameter blades with different phases are arranged in a periodically changed state.

The invention of claim 5 is a method for cutting chips, comprising a rotary blade in which a large-diameter blade and a small-diameter blade are alternately fitted non-rotatably and detachably on a drive shaft that is rotationally driven by a motor, and a fixed blade having a concave portion into which the large-diameter blade enters and a convex portion in which the small-diameter blade is adjacent, wherein the rotary blade and the fixed blade cut chips, wherein a plurality of types of large-diameter blades with different phases are prepared, and large diameters arranged in the axial direction according to the conditions of the chips. This cutting method is characterized by using a rotary blade whose blade phase arrangement pattern is adjusted.

According to the present invention, it is possible to prevent emergency stoppages and damage accidents due to chip clogging, and solve the problems of time loss and work efficiency reduction due to work to remove clogged chips.

1 is a perspective view of a chip crusher according to an embodiment of the invention; FIG. 2 is a top view of the chip crusher of FIG. 1; FIG. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a rotary blade of a chip crusher body in the chip crusher shown in FIG. 1; FIG. 4 is a plan view of a rotary blade of the chip crusher main body shown in FIG. 3; FIG. 5 is a side view of a large-diameter blade and a small-diameter blade of the rotary blade shown in FIGS. 3 and 4; FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a fixed blade provided on the chip crusher main body shown in FIG. 1; FIG. 7 is a partially omitted plan view showing a state of engagement between the rotary blade of the chip crusher main body shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 and the fixed blade shown in FIG. 6 ; It is a perspective view and a plan view of the rotary blade of the arrangement pattern (1). FIG. 10 is a perspective view and a plan view of rotary blades of arrangement pattern (2). It is a perspective view and a plan view of the rotary blade of the arrangement pattern (3).

A chip crusher 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, the chip crusher 1 has a movable pedestal 5 having a plurality of casters 3 at its lower end, a chip crusher main body 7 disposed on the upper surface of the pedestal 5, a hopper 9, and the like.
The chip crusher body 7 includes a cutting section 15 having an open upper surface in which the rotary blade 11 and the fixed blade 13 (see FIG. 2) are accommodated, a motor 17 as a drive source for rotationally driving the rotary blade 11, and an orthogonal shaft reducer 19 for transmitting the rotation of the motor 17 to the rotary blade 11.
Hopper 9 is fixed to the upper surface of cutting section 15, and chips 21 generated by a machine tool (not shown) are conveyed by chip conveyor 23 and dropped, introduced into hopper 9 through opening 9a, and supplied to cutting section 15.
The hopper 9 also serves as a safety cover for preventing the chips 21 from scattering, and is made of a transparent member such as an acrylic plate so that the state of processing of the chips 21 can be visually recognized from the outside. The front side (fixed blade 13 side) of the hopper 9 is provided so as to be openable and closable.

As shown in FIG. 2, a fixed blade 13 is fixed to the inside of the casing 25 on the front side of the cutting portion 15 whose upper surface is open so as to mesh with the rotary blade 11 . The bottom surface of the casing 25 is formed with a large number of long holes in a zigzag pattern for dropping the chips 21 after cutting. Below the casing 25, a storage box (not shown) for storing the chips 21 after cutting, a recovery conveyor, and the like are arranged.

The rotary blade 11, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, consists of a large-diameter blade 29 inserted into a drive shaft 27 rotated by a motor 17 capable of rotating in forward and reverse directions, and a small-diameter blade 31 smaller in diameter than the large-diameter blade 29. A drive shaft 27 rotatably supported by the casing 25 of the cutting part 15 has a connecting part 27 a to the speed reducer 19 at one end. A large-diameter blade 29 and a small-diameter blade 31 are alternately inserted from the other end portion 27b side in a state in which one regulation flange 33A that regulates axial positional displacement of the rotary blade 11 is fixed to the connecting portion 27a side.
A key (not shown) extending in the axial direction is attached to the drive shaft 27, and the large-diameter blade 29 and the small-diameter blade 31 are fitted through respective key grooves (not shown) so as not to be rotatable (rotation-stopped state) around the axis.

When the predetermined number of large-diameter blades 29 and small-diameter blades 31 are fitted and inserted, the other regulation flange 33B that regulates axial displacement of the rotary blade 11 is fixed to the other end 27b side. As a result, the rotary blades 11 in which the large-diameter blades 29 and the small-diameter blades 31 are alternately arranged are constructed. The width H of the rotary blade 11 in the axial direction can be changed to, for example, 200 mm, 300 mm, 400 mm, and 500 mm in correspondence with the width change of the chip conveyor 23 .

As shown in FIG. 5, the large-diameter blade 29 has a metal annular body 29c having an insertion hole 29a for the drive shaft 27 and a key groove 29b, and a plurality of blade portions 29d formed on the outer peripheral surface of the annular body 29c at equal intervals in the circumferential direction.
However, the positional relationship between the key groove 29b and the blade portion 29d is not constant, and there are three types of large diameter blades 29A, 29B, and 29C. Therefore, when they are fitted together on the drive shaft 27, the large-diameter blades 29A, 29B, and 29C are aligned in the axial direction with different phases.
On the other hand, the small-diameter blade 31 has a metal annular body 31c having an insertion hole 31a for the drive shaft 27 and a key groove 31b, and a plurality of blade portions 31d formed on the outer peripheral surface of the annular body 31c at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. However, the positional relationship between the key groove 31b and the blade portion 31d is constant, and when the drive shaft 27 is fitted, the rows of the small-diameter blades 31, 31, .

The large-diameter blade 29 and the small-diameter blade 31 are fitted on the drive shaft 27 alternately. The outward protruding end of the blade portion 31d of the small diameter blade 31 is substantially flush with the outer peripheral surface of the annular body 29c of the large diameter blade 29, and when viewed in the axial direction, the small diameter blade 31 is almost contained in the annular body 29c of the large diameter blades 29A, 29B, and 29C.
Regarding the large-diameter blade 29, the area centered on the concave portion formed between the flank of the cutting edge 29d on the front side in the rotational circumferential direction and the rake surface of the cutting edge 29d on the rear side is the retraction area X of the large diameter cutting edge 29 on the rake face side, and the cross section orthogonal to the axial direction between the cutting edge 29d on the front side and the cutting edge 29d on the rear side is an inverted trapezoid. When the phases of the large diameter blades 29, 29, . . .
On the other hand, if the phase is shifted, the inverted trapezoid becomes closer to a V shape, making it difficult to attract.
This is because the width W of the attracting region X becomes narrower as the inverted trapezoid approaches the V shape.
However, the phases of the large-diameter blades 29A, 29B, and 29C are adjusted so that the cross section of the pull-in region X is secured as a V-shaped concave surface at the boundary, regardless of how they are placed next to each other, and the minimum pull-in is secured.

As shown in FIG. 2, the fixed blade 13 is fixed to the inner surface of the casing 25 of the cutting section 15 with a fixing screw (not shown). As shown in FIG. 6, the fixed blade 13 has a long block-shaped main body portion 37 extending parallel to the drive shaft 27, a concave portion 37a formed on the side of the main body portion 37 facing the rotary blade 11 and into which the blade portion 29d of the large-diameter blade 29 fits, and a convex portion 37b adjacent to the blade portion 31d of the small-diameter blade 31. Reference numeral 37c indicates an insertion hole for a fixing screw.
The concave portions 37a and the convex portions 37b are alternately arranged in the axial direction of the drive shaft 27 corresponding to the shape of the rotary blade 11 to form a comb-like shape.
This fixed blade 13 is a general-purpose blade conventionally used in chip crushers.

FIG. 7 is a plan view showing a part of the meshing state between the rotary blade 11 and the fixed blade 13. FIG. As described above, the blade portions 29d and 31d of the large-diameter blade 29 and the small-diameter blade 31 are displaced in the direction around the axis of the drive shaft 27, but for the sake of clarity, they are shown without a phase difference.
Chips 21 supplied from a hopper 9 fall onto the rotary blade 11, but are likely to first contact the large-diameter blade 29 having a larger upward projection than the small-diameter blade 31, and are mainly drawn between the large-diameter blade 29 and the fixed blade 13.例文帳に追加Thus, the large-diameter blade 29 has both the function of drawing in the chips 21 and the function of cutting in cooperation with the fixed blade 13 . On the other hand, the small-diameter blade 31 mainly functions to cut in cooperation with the fixed blade 13 .
Although the large-diameter blades 29A, 29B, and 29C have different phases, all of them can realize the state shown in FIG. That is, it is possible to continue using a general-purpose product as the fixed blade 13 as it is. As for the rotary blade 11, if the large-diameter blade 29 and the small-diameter blade 31 have a problem, it can be dealt with by replacing only that blade.

Since the large-diameter blades 29A, 29B, and 29C can be individually fitted onto the drive shaft 27, the arrangement pattern of the large-diameter blades 29 with different phases in the axial direction can be arbitrarily set.
For example, as in the arrangement pattern (1) in FIG. 8, when the large diameter blades 29A, 29B, 29A, 29C, 29A are lined up, the width W is intermittently narrowed. As in the arrangement pattern (2) in FIG. 9, when the large-diameter blades 29A-large-diameter blades 29A-large-diameter blades 29C-large-diameter blades 29C-large-diameter blades 29A-large-diameter blades 29A-large-diameter blades 29B-large-diameter blades 29B-large-diameter blades 29A-large-diameter blades 29A- are arranged, the width W is widened between the large-diameter blades 29A-29A in the same phase. 10, large-diameter blade 29B-large-diameter blade 29B-large-diameter blade 29B-large-diameter blade 29A-large-diameter blade 29A-large-diameter blade 29A-large-diameter blade 29C-large-diameter blade 29C-large-diameter blade 29C-large-diameter blade 29A-large-diameter blade 29A-large-diameter blade 29A-large-diameter blade 29B- are arranged in the same phase. Between the large-diameter blade 29A and the large-diameter blade 29A, the widened state of the width W is ensured for a longer time.
In addition, by using three types of large-diameter blades 29A, 29B, and 29C, the degree of narrowing of the width W of each boundary is also divided into wide and narrow.

The chip crusher 1 is configured as described above, and the chips 21 are curled, hooked on the blade portion 29d of the large-diameter blade 29, drawn toward the annular body 29c, caught between the fixed blade 13, and cut.
When the phases of the blade portions 29d, 29d, . . . are aligned, when many chips 21, 21, . If the motor 17 becomes overloaded, the motor 17 is temporarily stopped and then reversely driven, but there are cases where the process cannot be completed.

On the other hand, when the array patterns (1), (2), and (3) are out of phase, even when a large number of chips 21, 21, . . . Moreover, the general-purpose fixed blade 13 can be used as it is as described above.
However, if the chips 21 are not drawn into the drawing area X and do not fit, they will not be pulled and caught. By shifting the phase of the large-diameter blade 29, when the cross section of the pull-in region X approaches a V shape and the width W becomes narrower, it becomes difficult to enter there, so even if it is caught, it will play upward.
However, the problem can be solved by setting an appropriate array pattern that satisfies the optimum balance of load distribution and drawing ease according to the conditions such as the shape, size, and shape of the chips 21 .

For example, if the chips 21 are fuzzy and fluffy (21a), they are likely to be caught. Therefore, the arrangement pattern (1) is suitable, giving priority to not drawing in an excessive amount at once.
On the other hand, when the chips 21 are loosely curled (21b), if they are caught even at one point, they are easily drawn in and easily accommodated in the drawing area X, so the arrangement pattern (2) is suitable.
If the chips 21 are sharply curled (21c), they are difficult to be caught and even if they are caught, they are difficult to be pulled in. Therefore, the arrangement pattern (3) is suitable, in which the phases of the blade portions 29d are aligned to some extent, the chips are reliably hooked and pulled in at a plurality of hooking portions, and the pulling-in region X with a wide width W is secured for a certain length in the axial direction.
If the optimum relationship between the optimum arrangement pattern and the conditions of the chips 21 is obtained in advance by experiments and the exchange table is created, there is an advantage that the operator does not need experience and skill.

Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail above, the specific configuration is not limited to this embodiment, and even if there is a change in design without departing from the gist of the present invention, it is included in the invention.
For example, the large-diameter blade 29 and the small-diameter blade 31 may be prevented from rotating with respect to the drive shaft 27 by spline connection instead of the connection between the key and the respective key grooves 29b and 31b. The shape of the blade portion 29d of the large-diameter blade 29 and the corresponding concave portion 37a of the fixed blade 13, and the shape of the blade portion 31d of the small-diameter blade 31 and the corresponding convex portion 37b of the fixed blade 13 are not limited to the above.
Further, the number of blade portions 29d and 31d of the large diameter blade 29 and the small diameter blade 31 is not limited to the above.
Furthermore, in each of the above-described embodiments, the speed reducer 19 is of the orthogonal shaft type, but may be of the serial type. Moreover, it is good also as a structure which changes the rotation speed of the drive shaft 27 in multiple stages with an inverter.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Chip crusher 7... Chip crusher main body 11... Rotary blade 13... Fixed blade 15... Cutting part 17... Motor 27... Drive shaft 29A, 29B, 29C... Large diameter blade 31... Small diameter blade 37a... Concave part 37b... Convex part X... Draw-in area W... Width

Claims (5)

A chip crusher comprising: a rotary blade in which a large-diameter blade and a small-diameter blade are alternately fitted in a non-rotatable and detachable manner on a drive shaft that is rotationally driven by a motor;
A chip crusher characterized in that the rows of the small-diameter blades are aligned in phase, and the rows of the large-diameter blades are arranged in an out-of-phase arrangement pattern in the axial direction of the drive shaft. In the chip crusher according to claim 1,
A chip crusher characterized in that even when large-diameter blades arranged adjacent to each other in the axial direction are out of phase with each other, a cross section orthogonal to the axial direction of the drawing-in region is secured as a V-shaped concave surface at the boundary between them. In the chip crusher according to claim 1 or 2,
A chip crusher characterized by being composed of a combination of three types of large-diameter blades with different phases. In the chip crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
A chip crusher characterized by having large-diameter blades with different phases lined up in a periodically changing state. A method for cutting chips, comprising: a rotary blade in which a large-diameter blade and a small-diameter blade are alternately fitted in a non-rotatable and detachable manner on a drive shaft that is rotationally driven by a motor;
A cutting method characterized by preparing a plurality of types of large-diameter blades with different phases, and using a rotary blade in which the phase arrangement pattern of the large-diameter blades arranged in the axial direction is adjusted according to the conditions of chips.

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