WO2023139752A1 - 鋼板 - Google Patents
鋼板 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023139752A1 WO2023139752A1 PCT/JP2022/002202 JP2022002202W WO2023139752A1 WO 2023139752 A1 WO2023139752 A1 WO 2023139752A1 JP 2022002202 W JP2022002202 W JP 2022002202W WO 2023139752 A1 WO2023139752 A1 WO 2023139752A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- less
- steel sheet
- ferrite
- temperature
- bainite
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/185—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering from an intercritical temperature
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/25—Hardening, combined with annealing between 300 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius, i.e. heat refining ("Vergüten")
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
- C21D1/76—Adjusting the composition of the atmosphere
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0263—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment following hot rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0273—Final recrystallisation annealing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
- C21D8/0421—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0426—Hot rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
- C21D8/0447—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0463—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the heat treatment following hot rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
- C21D8/0447—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0473—Final recrystallisation annealing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
- C21D9/48—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals deep-drawing sheets
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/008—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tin
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- C22C38/20—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with copper
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C23C2/36—Elongated material
- C23C2/40—Plates; Strips
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2311/00—Metals, their alloys or their compounds
- B32B2311/20—Zinc
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
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- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/002—Bainite
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/009—Pearlite
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a steel sheet with excellent formability and a maximum tensile strength of 900 MPa or more, which is mainly used for automobile parts and the like.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that the metal structure of a steel sheet is made to have a composite structure of ferrite, which is a soft structure, and martensite, which is a hard structure, to achieve both strength and elongation.
- the metal structure of the steel sheet of Patent Document 1 is a combination of a soft structure and a hard structure, there is a large difference in hardness between the two structures. If the hardness difference between the structures is large, voids are likely to occur at the interface between the structures, which may impair the expansibility. Therefore, the steel sheet described in Patent Literature 1 is required to improve the hole expansibility.
- Patent Document 2 discloses that the metal structure of the steel sheet is a single structure of upper bainite or lower bainite having a hardness intermediate between that of ferrite and martensite, thereby reducing the difference in hardness between structures and increasing strength and hole expansibility.
- the upper bainite or the lower bainite is a structure composed of bainitic ferrite containing many dislocations and hard cementite, the steel sheet of Patent Document 2 is required to improve elongation.
- Patent Document 3 discloses that the metal structure of the steel sheet is composed of ferrite, upper bainite or lower bainite, and martensite, thereby reducing the difference in hardness between structures, ensuring strength and hole expansibility, and suppressing deterioration in elongation.
- the upper bainite or the lower bainite is composed of bainitic ferrite containing many dislocations and hard cementite, the steel sheet of Patent Document 3 is required to have improved elongation.
- Patent Document 4 discloses that a metal structure having hard martensite, soft ferrite, and granular bainite having a hardness intermediate between martensite and ferrite reduces the difference in hardness between structures, resulting in high strength, elongation, and hole expansibility.
- Patent Document 5 discloses a steel sheet having a metal structure having a predetermined chemical composition and an area fraction of ferrite: 30% to 50%, granular bainite: 5% to 20%, martensite: 30% to 55%, bainite: less than 35%, and retained austenite and pearlite: a total of 10% or less.
- the techniques disclosed in Patent Documents 4 and 5 do not optimize the cooling rate after hot rolling and the heating rate during annealing. Therefore, the steel plates disclosed in Patent Documents 4 and 5 are inferior in deformability at the stress concentration portion.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a steel plate that has all of high strength, formability, and deformability in stress concentration areas.
- the gist of the present invention is as follows.
- the steel sheet according to one aspect of the present invention has a chemical composition, in mass%, of C: 0.07% or more and 0.15% or less, Si + Al: 0.20% or more and 2.50% or less, Mn + Cr: 1.20% or more and 4.00% or less, P: 0% or more and 0.040% or less, S: 0% or more and 0.010% or less, N: 0% or more and 0.010% or less, O: 0% or more, 0.006% or less, Mo: 0% or more and 0.50% or less, Ti: 0% or more and 0.20% or less, Nb: 0% or more and 0.20% or less, B: 0% or more and 0.010% or less, V: 0% or more and 0.50% or less, Cu: 0% or more and 1.00% or less, W: 0% or more and 0.10% or less, Ta: 0% or more and 0.10% or less, Ni: 0% or more, 1 .00% or less, Sn: 0% or more and 0.050% or less, Co
- the chemical composition is, in mass%, Mo: 0.01% or more and 0.50% or less, Ti: 0.001% or more and 0.20% or less, Nb: 0.0001% or more and 0.20% or less, B: 0.0001% or more and 0.010% or less, V: 0.001% or more and 0.50% or less, Cu: 0.001% or more and 1 .00% or less, W: 0.001% or more and 0.10% or less, Ta: 0.001% or more and 0.10% or less, Ni: 0.001% or more and 1.00% or less, Sn: 0.001% or more and 0.050% or less, Co: 0.001% or more and 0.50% or less, Sb: 0.001% or more and 0.050% or less, As: 0.001% or more , 0.050% or less, Mg: 0.0001% or more and 0.050% or less, Ca: 0.001% or more and 0.040% or less, Y: 0.001% or more and 0.050% or less, Zr: 0.00
- the ratio Hv30/Hvi of the Vickers hardness Hv30 at a load of 0.29 N at a position 30 ⁇ m in the thickness direction from the surface of the steel sheet to the Vickers hardness Hvi at a load of 0.29 N at 1/4 part of the plate thickness may be 0.8 or less, and the tensile strength may be 900 MPa or more.
- the steel sheet according to any one of (1) to (3) above may have a hot-dip galvanized layer or a hot-dip galvanized layer on the surface.
- the steel sheet according to any one of (1) to (3) above may have a galvannealed layer on the surface.
- a steel sheet suitable for structural members of automobiles and the like which has formability and deformability in stress concentration areas, and has a high tensile strength of 900 MPa or more.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing how granular bainite is produced.
- 4 is a temperature-time graph schematically showing heating conditions before annealing of the steel sheet according to the present embodiment.
- 4 is a temperature-time graph schematically showing cooling conditions after annealing of the steel sheet according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the shape of a test piece for evaluation of processed part elongation El 2.
- the present inventors have found that it is preferable to make the steel sheet a metal structure having martensite, ferrite, and granular bainite, and to further control the arrangement of these metal structures. Specifically, the present inventors have found that by controlling the metal structure of the steel sheet so that granular bainite is arranged between ferrite and martensite, it is possible to reduce locations with large differences in hardness. This can further improve the hole expansibility of the steel sheet. The present inventors also found that applying a metal structure with a small hardness difference in the plate thickness direction to a steel plate can further enhance the deformability at the stress concentration portion.
- both strength and formability are achieved by controlling the volume fraction of granular bainite and the arrangement of ferrite, martensite, and granular bainite.
- a steel sheet according to one aspect of the present invention will be described below.
- the metal structure of the steel sheet according to this embodiment will be described.
- the tissue fraction is expressed in terms of volume ratio, the unit "%" of the tissue fraction means volume %.
- the metallographic structure is controlled at 1/4 part of the plate thickness. All of the texture fractions described below mean values at 1/4 part of the plate thickness.
- Ferrite 10% or more, less than 50% Ferrite is a soft structure that is easily deformed, contributes to the improvement of elongation, and promotes the formation of granular bainite. When ferrite is 10% or more, transformation from austenite to granular bainite progresses easily. Ferrite is preferably 12% or more, 15% or more, or 20% or more.
- ferrite In order to ensure tensile strength, ferrite should be less than 50%. Ferrite is preferably 40% or less, 35% or less, or 30% or less.
- Granular bainite 5% or more and less than 40%
- Granular bainite is an aggregate of a plurality of lath-like bainitic ferrites.
- Granular bainite is characterized by a low dislocation density.
- the dislocation density of granular bainite is on the order of 10 13 m/m 3 .
- the difference in the angle of the crystal orientation of the bainitic ferrite (crystal orientation difference) at the grain boundaries between these bainitic ferrites is as small as 5° or less, and therefore, the granular bainite has a crystal grain size of about 5 to 20 ⁇ m and is a structure that looks like one block.
- the granular bainite may contain retained austenite, martensite, and the like. However, unlike upper bainite and lower bainite, granular bainite does not contain carbides therein. Therefore, granular bainite differs from general bainite and is softer than general bainite and martensite.
- An example of a method for determining granular bainite is described in Kitajima et al., "Distinction between ferrite and granular bainite using electron channeling contrast images" (CAMP-ISIJ, Vol. 26 (2013) 896).
- the upper bainite is an aggregate of a plurality of lath-shaped bainitic ferrites, and has a structure in which carbides are included at the interfaces of the bainitic ferrites, but no carbides are included inside each bainitic ferrite.
- the lower bainite like the upper bainite, is an aggregate of a plurality of lath-shaped bainitic ferrites, and in addition to containing carbides at the interface of the bainitic ferrite, it is a structure in which carbides are arranged in a specific direction inside each bainitic ferrite.
- granular bainite since granular bainite is generated in a high temperature region, recovery progresses inside it. Therefore, granular bainite has a dislocation substructure, but has a lower dislocation density than upper bainite and lower bainite. Therefore, granular bainite is harder than ferrite, which does not contain a dislocation substructure and has a low dislocation density, and is softer than upper bainite or lower bainite. Therefore, granular bainite has better elongation than general bainite.
- granular bainite reduces the difference in hardness between ferrite and martensite, it suppresses the generation of voids from the interface between ferrite and martensite during hole expansion.
- granular bainite contains subgrains (areas surrounded by grain boundaries with a crystal orientation difference of about 5° or less), it is also distinguished from polygonal ferrite, which is a structure that does not contain subgrains.
- Fig. 1 schematically shows how the bainitic ferrite generated from the former austenite grain boundaries during the cooling process changes into granular bainite, upper bainite and lower bainite according to the difference in the formation temperature (°C).
- bainitic ferrite 2 is generated from the prior austenite grain boundaries 1 toward the inside of the prior austenite grains.
- the bainitic ferrite 2 is generated in a lath shape so as to be adjacent to the previously generated bainitic ferrite 2.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows how the bainitic ferrite generated from the former austenite grain boundaries during the cooling process changes into granular bainite, upper bainite and lower bainite according to the difference in the formation temperature (°C).
- the interfaces between the lath-shaped bainitic ferrites 2 do not contain carbides such as cementite. Further, the recovery progresses by being held at a relatively high temperature. As a result, the difference in crystal orientation at the interface between the bainitic ferrites 2 formed in a plurality of laths becomes about 5° or less, and the interface appears to have disappeared. Granular bainite can be formed even if the cooling rate is lowered, but if granular bainite is formed by isothermal holding, the progress of recovery is further accelerated, and the disappearance of the interface becomes remarkable. In this way, as shown in FIG.
- granular bainite 3 which is an aggregate of a plurality of lath-shaped bainitic ferrites 2 and has a crystal grain size of about 5 to 20 ⁇ m and looks like a single mass, is formed.
- the granular bainite 3 may contain a hard structure 4 of retained austenite or martensite, but unlike the upper bainite and the lower bainite, the granular bainite 3 does not contain carbide.
- Granular bainite content is 5% or more, elongation improving effect and void suppressing effect can be obtained.
- Granular bainite is preferably 8% or more, 10% or more, or 15% or more.
- Granular bainite is preferably 35% or less, 32% or less, or 30% or less.
- Martensite 30% or more and 55% or less Martensite is a hard structure with a high dislocation density, and therefore contributes to improvement in tensile strength. A tensile strength of 900 MPa or more is ensured by setting the martensite content to 30% or more. Martensite is preferably 32% or more, 35% or more, or 40% or more.
- Martensite is preferably no more than 50%, no more than 45%, or no more than 42%.
- Upper Bainite and Lower Bainite Total Less than 30%
- Upper bainite and lower bainite degrade elongation due to their high dislocation density.
- bainite is composed of bainitic ferrite and cementite having a dislocation density of about 1.0 ⁇ 10 14 m/m 3 .
- bainite has a large difference in hardness from ferrite. Therefore, the interface between ferrite and bainite tends to become the starting point of voids, deteriorating the expansibility. Elongation and hole expansibility are ensured by making the total content of upper bainite and lower bainite less than 30%.
- the total of upper bainite and lower bainite is no more than 25%, no more than 20%, or no more than 10%. It is not necessary to specify the lower limit of the total amount of upper bainite and lower bainite. For example, it may be specified as 0% or more, 0.2% or more, 0.5% or more, or 1.0% or more.
- Pearlite less than 10% Pearlite is a structure containing hard cementite, and becomes a starting point for the generation of voids during hole expansion, degrading the hole expandability. Therefore, perlite should be less than 10%. Perlite is preferably no more than 8%, no more than 6%, or no more than 5%. It is not necessary to specify the lower limit of pearlite, and for example, pearlite may be specified as 0% or more, 0.2% or more, 0.5% or more, or 1.0% or more.
- Retained Austenite Less than 5% Retained austenite is a structure that contributes to the improvement of elongation by TRIP: Transformation Induced Plasticity. However, the martensite generated by deformation-induced transformation of retained austenite is very hard, becomes a starting point of void generation, and deteriorates the hole expandability. Therefore, retained austenite should be less than 5%. Retained austenite is preferably 4% or less, 3% or less, or 2% or less. It is not necessary to specify the lower limit of the retained austenite, and for example, the retained austenite may be specified as 0% or more, 0.2% or more, 0.5% or more, or 1.0% or more.
- the ratio of the number of martensite adjacent to ferrite to the number of metal structures adjacent to ferrite is 30% or less in the area of 1/4 part of the plate thickness. In other words, it is necessary to suppress the generation and connection of voids in order to improve the expansibility.
- voids are likely to form at the interfaces between the metal structures. For example, voids are most likely to form at the interface between soft ferrite and hard martensite.
- granular bainite is controlled to be in contact with ferrite in order to reduce the proportion of martensite adjacent to ferrite. As a result, the ratio of contact between ferrite and martensite is reduced, and improvement in hole expansibility can be expected.
- the hole expansibility is greatly improved.
- this number percentage is 28% or less, 25% or less, or 20% or less.
- the number of metal structures adjacent to ferrite means the number of all metal structures including martensite.
- the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the Vickers hardness under a load of 50 gf obtained at intervals of 30 ⁇ m from the surface of the steel sheet in the thickness direction of 100 ⁇ m to the center of the thickness is 60 HV or less. This is because the concentrations of elements typified by manganese, in particular, are biased when the concentrations are measured along the sheet thickness direction. In this way, if there is a bias in the element concentration in the plate thickness direction and the texture distribution is uneven, a hardness difference is likely to occur between the soft layer and the hard layer, and voids start to form, resulting in poor hole expandability.
- the difference between said maximum and minimum hardness values is 55 Hv or less, 50 hv or less, or 30 Hv or less.
- the average value of the Vickers hardness measured at 5 points with a load of 0.29 N at a position 30 ⁇ m in the thickness direction from the surface of the steel sheet is defined as Hv30, and the position of 1/4 part of the plate thickness is defined as the average value Hvi of the Vickers hardness measured at 5 points with a load of 0.29 N, and the ratio Hv30/Hvi may be 0.8 or less.
- Hv30/Hvi may be 0.7 or less, 0.6 or less, or 0.5 or less.
- the identification of each metallographic structure and the calculation of the volume fraction can be performed by observing a 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 100 ⁇ m region of the steel plate cross section parallel to the rolling direction and perpendicular to the plate surface at a magnification of 1000 to 50000 times by EBSD (Electron Back Scattering Diffraction), X-ray measurement, corrosion using a nital reagent or repeller solution, and a scanning electron microscope.
- EBSD Electron Back Scattering Diffraction
- X-ray measurement corrosion using a nital reagent or repeller solution
- a scanning electron microscope a scanning electron microscope.
- three measurement points are used and the average value is calculated.
- the volume fraction of ferrite is obtained by observing a 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 100 ⁇ m area within a plate thickness range of 1/8 to 3/8 centered at 1/4 of the plate thickness in an electron channeling contrast image obtained by a scanning electron microscope.
- a value obtained by subtracting the volume ratio of granular bainite obtained by the method described later (EBSD) from the total area ratio of ferrite and granular bainite calculated by image analysis using image analysis software Image J is regarded as the volume ratio of ferrite.
- An electron channeling contrast image is an image that displays the crystal orientation difference of crystal grains as a difference in contrast, and in the image, a uniform contrast portion (a portion that does not contain substructures such as blocks or packets, cementite, or retained austenite in the crystal grain and appears in a single uniform contrast) is ferrite. Means for discriminating between ferrite and granular bainite will be described later.
- the volume fraction of retained austenite can be calculated by measuring diffraction intensity using X-rays.
- the volume fraction of martensite is obtained by the following procedure.
- the observation surface of the sample is etched with a repeller solution, and an area of 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 100 ⁇ m within the range of 1/8 to 3/8 of the plate thickness centered on 1/4 of the plate thickness is observed with an FE-SEM.
- repellent corrosion martensite and retained austenite are not corroded, so the volume fraction of the uncorroded region is the total volume fraction of martensite and retained austenite.
- the volume fraction of martensite can be calculated by subtracting the volume fraction of retained austenite measured by X-rays from the volume fraction of the uncorroded region.
- martensite can be distinguished from other tissues in an electron channeling contrast image obtained by a scanning electron microscope.
- regions with a high dislocation density and substructures such as blocks and packets within crystal grains are martensite.
- Upper bainite, lower bainite, and tempered martensite are identified by the following procedure. The observation surface of the sample is corroded with a nital reagent, and a 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 100 ⁇ m area is observed with an FE-SEM in the range of 1/8 to 3/8 of the plate thickness centering on the plate thickness of 1/4. Upper bainite, lower bainite, and tempered martensite can be distinguished from the position and arrangement of cementite contained within the structure.
- upper bainite cementite or retained austenite exists at the interface of lath-shaped bainitic ferrite.
- the bainitic ferrite and cementite have one type of crystal orientation relationship, and the cementite has the same variant. Based on these features, upper bainite and lower bainite can be identified.
- the identification of perlite is performed according to the following procedure.
- the observation surface of the sample is corroded with a nital reagent, and the range of 1/8 to 3/8 thickness centered on 1/4 thickness is observed with an optical microscope.
- a dark contrast region may be identified as perlite, and the volume ratio of this region may be calculated based on image analysis.
- Granular bainite is an aggregate of multiple lath-shaped bainitic ferrites, and has a grain size of about 5 to 20 ⁇ m that looks like a single mass. This is because the heat treatment promotes recovery, and the difference in crystal orientation at the interface between bainitic ferrite and bainitic ferrite becomes about 5° or less, and the interface appears to have disappeared.
- Granular bainite may contain retained austenite and martensite inside, but unlike upper bainite and lower bainite, granular bainite does not contain carbide inside. Further, since granular bainite is generated in a high temperature region, recovery progresses inside it. Therefore, granular bainite has a dislocation substructure, but has a lower dislocation density than upper bainite and lower bainite. Therefore, the conventional corrosion method and secondary electron image observation using a scanning electron microscope cannot distinguish between granular bainite and ferrite.
- granular bainite is composed of aggregates of bainitic ferrite and therefore has a minute difference in crystal orientation within the crystal grains.
- Granular bainite and ferrite can be distinguished from each other by detecting minute crystal orientation differences in crystal grains.
- EBSD EBSD
- the range of plate thickness 1/8 to 3/8 with plate thickness 1/4 as the center is observed at a step interval of 0.2 ⁇ m, and the value of grain average misorientation is calculated from the observed data. Observation is performed on a cross section parallel to the rolling direction and perpendicular to the sheet surface.
- the grain average misorientation value is a value obtained by calculating and averaging the orientation difference between adjacent pixels in a region surrounded by grain boundaries that differ by 15° or more. This technique makes it possible to detect minute crystal orientation differences in bainitic ferrite.
- a region where the grain average misorientation value is 0.5° or less includes ferrite and granular bainite. Therefore, the area obtained by removing the ferrite area having a single uniform electron channeling contrast image from the area where the grain average misorientation value is 0.5° or less becomes the granular bainite.
- the value of the area ratio calculated by image analysis is defined as the volume ratio of granular bainite.
- the difference between the maximum and minimum values of Vickers hardness at a load of 50 gf obtained at intervals of 30 ⁇ m from the surface of the steel sheet in the thickness direction to the center of the thickness of 100 ⁇ m'' is determined as follows. First, the Vickers hardness is continuously measured with an indentation load of 50 gf at intervals of 30 ⁇ m along the thickness direction, starting from a position 100 ⁇ m in the thickness direction from the surface of the steel plate. A difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the plurality of hardness measurement values thus obtained is calculated. In addition, it is preferable that the distance between the measurement points arranged in the sheet thickness direction is four times or more the distance of the indentation, if possible. As used herein, the term "distance four times or more than the indentation" means a distance four times or more than the diagonal length of the rectangular opening of the indentation produced by the diamond indenter during Vickers hardness measurement.
- % related to component composition means % by mass.
- Component composition C 0.07% or more and 0.15% or less C is an element that secures a predetermined amount of martensite and improves the strength of the steel sheet. If C is less than 0.07%, it is difficult to obtain a predetermined amount of martensite, and a maximum tensile strength of 900 MPa or more cannot be ensured, so C is made 0.07% or more. C is preferably 0.09% or more, 0.10% or more, or 0.12% or more.
- C if C exceeds 0.15%, the formation of ferrite is suppressed and elongation decreases, so C is made 0.15% or less.
- C is preferably 0.14% or less, 0.13% or less, or 0.12% or less.
- Si+Al 0.20% or more and 2.50% or less Si and Al are essential elements for obtaining a predetermined amount of granular bainite.
- Granular bainite is a metallographic structure in which dislocations existing at the interface of bainitic ferrite are recovered by heat treatment, and bainitic ferrite is thus aggregated.
- Si + Al (sum of Si content and Al content) is less than 0.20%, the effect of suppressing the formation of cementite cannot be sufficiently obtained, and it becomes difficult to obtain granular bainite with a predetermined area ratio. Therefore, Si+Al should be 0.20% or more. Si+Al is preferably 0.25% or more, 0.30% or more, or 0.40% or more.
- Si + Al exceeds 2.50%, excessive addition of Si and/or Al causes slab cracking, so Si + Al should be 2.50% or less.
- Si+Al is preferably 2.00% or less, 1.80% or less, or 1.60% or less.
- Mn + Cr 1.20% or more and 4.00% or less Mn and/or Cr are elements that contribute to the improvement of strength, and are elements that act to suppress ferrite transformation that occurs during heat treatment in continuous annealing equipment or continuous hot-dip galvanizing equipment.
- Mn+Cr (the sum of the Mn content and the Cr content) is less than 1.20%, the effect is not sufficiently exhibited, ferrite exceeding the required area ratio is generated, and a tensile strength of 900 MPa or more cannot be obtained. Therefore, Mn+Cr is made 1.20% or more. Mn+Cr is preferably 1.30% or more, 1.40% or more, or 1.50% or more. Mn+Cr is more preferably 1.80% or more.
- Mn+Cr when Mn+Cr exceeds 4.00%, ferrite transformation is excessively suppressed, a predetermined amount of ferrite cannot be secured, and elongation decreases. Therefore, Mn+Cr should be 4.00% or less. Mn+Cr is preferably 3.00% or less, 2.70% or less, or 2.50% or less.
- P 0% or more and 0.040% or less
- P is an impurity element that segregates in the central portion of the plate thickness of the steel plate to impair the toughness and embrittles the weld zone. If P exceeds 0.040%, the weld zone strength and hole expansibility are remarkably lowered. Therefore, P is set to 0.040% or less. P is preferably 0.030% or less, 0.020% or less, or 0.010% or less.
- P is preferably as small as possible, and the lower limit is not particularly limited.
- the P content may be 0%.
- the P lower limit may be 0.0001%, 0.0002%, or 0.0005%.
- S 0% or more and 0.010% or less
- S is an impurity element that impairs weldability and impairs manufacturability during casting and hot rolling.
- S is also an element that forms coarse MnS and inhibits the hole expansibility. When S exceeds 0.010%, weldability, manufacturability, and hole expansibility are significantly lowered. Therefore, S is set to 0.010% or less.
- S is preferably 0.008% or less, 0.005% or less, or 0.004% or less.
- S is preferably as small as possible, and the lower limit is not particularly limited.
- the S content may be 0%.
- the S lower limit may be 0.0001%, 0.0002%, or 0.0005%.
- N 0% or more and 0.010% or less
- N is an element that forms coarse nitrides, impairs bendability and hole expansibility, and causes blowholes during welding.
- N is set to 0.010% or less.
- the N content may be 0.008% or less, 0.006% or less, or 0.005% or less.
- N is preferably as small as possible, and the lower limit is not particularly limited.
- the N content may be 0%.
- the N lower limit may be 0.0005%, 0.0008%, or 0.0010%.
- O 0% or more and 0.006% or less
- O is an element that forms coarse oxides, impairs bendability and hole expansibility, and causes blowholes during welding. If the O content exceeds 0.006%, the deterioration of the hole expansibility and the occurrence of blowholes become remarkable. Therefore, O is made 0.006% or less.
- the O content may be 0.005% or less, 0.004% or less, or 0.002% or less.
- the O content may be 0%.
- the lower limit of O may be 0.0005%, 0.0006%, or 0.0008%.
- the chemical composition of the steel sheet according to the present embodiment is Mo: 0% or more and 0.50% or less, Ti: 0% or more and 0.20% or less, Nb: 0% or more and 0.20% or less, B: 0% or more and 0.010% or less, V: 0% or more and 0.50% or less, Cu: 0% or more and 1.00% or less, W: 0% or more and 0.1% or less, Ta: 0% or more.
- Mo 0-0.50% Mo, like Cr, is an element that contributes to increasing the strength of the steel sheet. This effect can be obtained even with a very small amount.
- the Mo content may be 0%, but in order to obtain the above effect, the Mo content is preferably 0.01% or more, 0.02% or more, or 0.05% or more.
- the Mo content is preferably 0.50% or less, 0.40% or less, or 0.20% or less.
- Ti 0-0.20%
- Ti is an important element for controlling the morphology of carbides. Ti can help increase the strength of ferrite.
- Ti is an element that may form coarse Ti oxides or TiN to reduce the formability of the steel sheet. Therefore, from the viewpoint of ensuring the formability of the steel sheet, the smaller the Ti content, the better. However, reducing the Ti content to less than 0.001% causes an excessive increase in refining cost, so the lower limit of the Ti content may be 0.001%, 0.002%, or 0.003%.
- Nb 0-0.20% Nb, like Ti, is an element effective in controlling the morphology of carbides, and is also an element effective in refining the structure and improving the toughness of the steel sheet. This effect can be obtained even with a very small amount.
- the Nb content may be 0%, but in order to obtain the above effects, the Nb content is preferably 0.0001% or more, 0.0005% or more, or 0.0010% or more. However, if the Nb content is too high, a large number of fine and hard Nb carbides are precipitated, which may lead to an increase in the strength of the steel sheet and a significant deterioration in ductility, thereby deteriorating the formability of the steel sheet. Therefore, the Nb content is preferably 0.20% or less, 0.15% or less, or 0.10% or less.
- B 0-0.010%
- B is an element that suppresses the formation of ferrite and pearlite in the cooling process from austenite and promotes the formation of a low temperature transformation structure such as bainite or martensite.
- B is an element useful for increasing the strength of steel. This effect can be obtained even with a very small amount.
- the B content may be 0%, but in order to obtain the above effect, the B content is preferably 0.0001% or more, 0.0005% or more, or 0.0010% or more. However, if the content of B is too large, coarse B oxides are formed, and the B oxides may become starting points for the generation of voids during press forming, which may reduce the formability of the steel sheet.
- the B content is preferably 0.010% or less, 0.008% or less, or 0.005% or less. In addition, it is necessary to pay close attention to the analysis to identify B less than 0.0001%. If the B content is below the detection limit of the analyzer, the B content may be considered 0%.
- V 0-0.50% V, like Ti and Nb, is an element effective in controlling the morphology of carbides, and is also an element effective in refining the structure and improving the toughness of the steel sheet.
- the V content may be 0%, the V content is preferably 0.001% or more, 0.005% or more, or 0.010% or more in order to obtain the above effects.
- the V content is preferably 0.50% or less, 0.40% or less, or 0.30% or less.
- Cu 0-1.00% Cu is an element that contributes to improving the strength of the steel sheet. This effect can be obtained even with a very small amount.
- the Cu content may be 0%, but in order to obtain the above effect, the Cu content is preferably 0.001% or more, 0.005% or more, or 0.010% or more. However, if the Cu content is too high, red hot brittleness may occur, which may reduce productivity in hot rolling. Therefore, the Cu content is preferably 1.00% or less, 0.80% or less, or 0.50% or less.
- W is also an effective element for controlling the morphology of carbides and improving the strength of the steel sheet.
- the W content may be 0%, but in order to obtain the above effect, the W content is preferably 0.001% or more, 0.005% or more, or 0.010% or more.
- the W content is preferably 0.10% or less, 0.08% or less, or 0.05% or less.
- Ta 0-0.10% Ta, like Nb, V, and W, is an element effective in controlling the morphology of carbides and improving the strength of steel sheets.
- the Ta content may be 0%, but in order to obtain the above effect, the Ta content is preferably 0.001% or more, 0.005% or more, or 0.010% or more.
- the Ta content is preferably 0.10% or less, more preferably 0.02% or less, and even more preferably 0.010% or less.
- Ni is an element effective in improving the strength of the steel sheet.
- the Ni content may be 0%, but in order to obtain the above effect, the Ni content is preferably 0.001% or more, 0.005% or more, or 0.010% or more.
- the Ni content is preferably 1.00% or less, 0.80% or less, or 0.50% or less.
- Sn 0-0.050%
- Sn is an element that can be contained in a steel sheet when scrap is used as a raw material for the steel sheet.
- Sn may cause deterioration of the cold formability of the steel sheet due to embrittlement of ferrite. Therefore, it is preferable that the Sn content is as small as possible.
- the Sn content is preferably 0.050% or less, more preferably 0.040% or less, or 0.030% or less, and may be 0%. However, reducing the Sn content to less than 0.001% causes an excessive increase in refining cost, so the Sn content may be 0.001% or more, 0.005% or more, or 0.010% or more.
- Co 0-0.50% Co, like Ni, is an element effective in improving the strength of the steel sheet.
- the Co content may be 0%, but in order to obtain the above effect, the Co content is preferably 0.001% or more, 0.005% or more, or 0.010% or more.
- the Co content is preferably 0.50% or less, 0.40% or less, or 0.30% or less.
- Sb 0-0.050% Sb, like Sn, is an element that can be contained in a steel sheet when scrap is used as a raw material for the steel sheet. Sb strongly segregates at grain boundaries, which may lead to embrittlement of grain boundaries, deterioration of ductility, and deterioration of cold formability. Therefore, it is preferable that the content of Sb is as small as possible.
- the Sb content is preferably 0.050% or less, more preferably 0.040% or less or 0.030% or less, and may be 0%. However, reducing the Sb content to less than 0.001% causes an excessive increase in refining cost, so the Sb content may be 0.001% or more, 0.005% or more, or 0.010% or more.
- the As content is preferably 0.050% or less, more preferably 0.040% or less or 0.030% or less, and may be 0%. However, reducing the As content to less than 0.001% causes an excessive increase in refining cost, so the As content may be 0.001% or more, 0.005% or more, or 0.010% or more.
- Mg 0-0.050% Mg controls the forms of sulfides and oxides and contributes to the improvement of the bending formability of the steel sheet. This effect can be obtained even with a very small amount.
- the content of Mg may be 0%, the content of Mg is preferably 0.0001% or more, 0.005% or more, or 0.010% or more in order to obtain the above effect.
- the Mg content is preferably 0.050% or less, more preferably 0.040% or less or 0.030% or less.
- Ca is an element capable of controlling the morphology of sulfides with a trace amount.
- the Ca content may be 0%, the Ca content is preferably 0.001% or more, 0.005% or more, or 0.010% or more in order to obtain the above effects.
- the Ca content is preferably 0.040% or less, more preferably 0.030% or less or 0.020% or less.
- Y 0 to 0.050% Y, like Mg and Ca, is an element capable of controlling the morphology of sulfides even in a very small amount.
- the Y content may be 0%, but in order to obtain the above effect, the Y content is preferably 0.001% or more, 0.005% or more, or 0.010% or more. However, if the Y content is too high, coarse Y oxides may be produced and the cold formability may deteriorate. Therefore, the Y content is preferably 0.050% or less, more preferably 0.040% or less or 0.030% or less.
- Zr 0-0.050% Zr, like Mg, Ca, and Y, is an element capable of controlling the morphology of sulfides with a trace amount.
- the Zr content may be 0%, the Zr content is preferably 0.001% or more, 0.005% or more, or 0.010% or more in order to obtain the above effect.
- the Zr content is preferably 0.050% or less, more preferably 0.040% or less or 0.030% or less.
- La 0-0.050%
- the La content may be 0%, but in order to obtain the above effect, the La content is preferably 0.001% or more, 0.005% or more, or 0.010% or more. However, if the La content is too high, La oxides may be produced and the cold formability may deteriorate. Therefore, the La content is preferably 0.050% or less, more preferably 0.040% or less or 0.030% or less.
- Ce 0-0.050% Ce, like La, is an element capable of controlling the morphology of sulfides with a trace amount.
- the Ce content may be 0%, but in order to obtain the above effect, the Ce content is preferably 0.001% or more, 0.005% or more, or 0.010% or more.
- Ce is an element that strongly segregates at grain boundaries and causes a decrease in the number ratio of grain boundary carbides. Therefore, the Ce content is preferably 0.050% or less, more preferably 0.040% or less or 0.030% or less.
- the remainder excluding the above elements is Fe and impurities.
- Impurities are elements that are allowed to exist as long as they are mixed from steel raw materials and/or during the steelmaking process and do not impair the properties of the steel sheet according to the present embodiment.
- the steel sheet according to this embodiment may have a plating layer.
- the coating layer of the steel sheet according to the present embodiment may be a hot-dip galvanized layer or a hot-dip zinc alloy coating layer (a coating layer composed of an alloy of zinc and additional elements such as Si and Al), and may be an alloyed hot-dip galvanized layer (alloyed coating layer) obtained by alloying these coatings.
- the steel sheet according to the present embodiment may have another plating layer (for example, an aluminum plating layer or the like).
- the hot-dip galvanized layer and hot-dip galvanized layer preferably contain less than 7% by mass of Fe, and the alloyed layer preferably contains 7% by mass or more and 15% by mass or less of Fe.
- the components other than zinc and Fe are not particularly limited, and various configurations can be adopted within the usual range.
- the steel plate according to this embodiment is manufactured as follows.
- a cast slab having the chemical composition of the steel plate according to the present embodiment (a-1) Finish rolling is completed at 880 ° C. or higher, (a-2) Cooling at an average cooling rate of 20° C./second or more from the finish rolling completion temperature to the coiling temperature, (a-3) Hot-rolled so that the coiling temperature is 680 ° C. or less to form a hot-rolled steel sheet, (b)
- the hot-rolled steel sheet is subjected to cold rolling after pickling to obtain a cold-rolled steel sheet, and then (c) heating the cold-rolled steel sheet at a heating rate of 0.7° C./second or more and 10° C./second or less in the temperature range of 650° C.
- a slow cooling zone is provided for cooling at a cooling rate of 0.5 ° C./sec to 20 ° C./sec to a temperature range of 650 ° C. or higher and 750 ° C.
- the average cooling rate at 580 ° C. or higher and 650 ° C. or lower is 5 ° C./sec or more
- the steel sheet after retention, the steel sheet having hot-dip galvanization or hot-dip galvanizing, or the steel sheet having alloyed hot-dip galvanizing is tempered in a temperature range of 500°C or less. Tempering may be performed on-line, or may be performed off-line after continuous annealing. When performed online, the temperature may be cooled to a temperature range of room temperature or higher and 300° C. or lower during cooling after the step (f) or (g), and then heated to a temperature of 200° C. or higher and 400° C. or lower.
- the process conditions are described below.
- the steel sheet according to the present embodiment contains relatively large amounts of alloying elements in order to ensure a maximum tensile strength of 900 MPa or higher. Therefore, since it is necessary to increase the rolling load during hot rolling, it is preferable to perform hot rolling at a high temperature. Further, during hot rolling, rough rolled steel sheets may be joined together and hot rolled continuously.
- Finish rolling is completed at 880°C or higher. If the finish rolling completion temperature range is less than 880°C, the rolling load may become excessive and the productivity may be deteriorated. Further, in the case of (austenite + ferrite) two-phase temperature range rolling, the shape after hot rolling deteriorates, and subsequent sheet threading becomes impossible.
- the upper limit of the finish rolling completion temperature is not particularly specified, but if the finish rolling completion temperature is 950°C or higher, the productivity deteriorates, so the upper limit of the finish rolling completion temperature is preferably 950°C.
- a slab produced by casting has center segregation and micro segregation.
- the micro-segregation is elongated in the rolling direction by rolling, so that a thickened region and a lean region are alternately formed in a band shape along the sheet thickness direction.
- Such band-shaped segregation of elements is particularly noticeable in manganese, remains in the steel sheet even after the subsequent steps, affects the formation of the structure during continuous annealing, increases non-uniformity in the thickness direction, and causes deterioration in formability.
- the average cooling rate from the finish rolling completion temperature to the coiling temperature (value obtained by dividing the difference between the finish rolling completion temperature and the coiling temperature by the time required from the end of finish rolling to the start of coiling) must be 20 ° C./sec or more.
- the average cooling rate from the finish rolling completion temperature to the coiling temperature is preferably 50° C./second or more, more preferably 100° C./second or more.
- (a-3) Coiling temperature 680°C or less
- the hot-rolled steel sheet is coiled in a temperature range of 680°C or less. If the coiling temperature exceeds 680 ° C., the pearlite transformation progresses, the density of the elements confirmed by the measurement along the plate thickness direction as described above increases, and the formability after continuous annealing deteriorates.
- the winding temperature is preferably 550°C or lower, more preferably 450°C or lower. Although the lower limit of the winding temperature is not specified, room temperature is the practical lower limit because it is technically difficult to wind the film at a temperature below room temperature.
- the hot-rolled steel sheet is cold-rolled to obtain a cold-rolled steel sheet (hereinafter referred to as "steel sheet").
- the pickling may be carried out once, or may be carried out in multiple batches as necessary.
- the number of rolling passes and the rolling reduction for each pass may be appropriately set within a range in which a rolling reduction of approximately 10% or more and 80% or less can be secured.
- heating is performed by switching the heating rate as follows. (c1) heating from room temperature to 650° C. at a heating rate of 0.7° C./sec or more and preferably 10° C./sec or less; (c2) Switch the heating rate in the temperature range of 650° C. or more and Ac1 point or less. (c3) Heating is performed at a heating rate of 0.6° C./second or more and 2° C./second or less in the temperature range from Ac1 point to Ac1 point+20° C.;
- the temperature range from Ac1 point to Ac1 point +20°C is the time when austenite ( ⁇ structure) begins to form. If the heating rate in this temperature range is less than 0.6° C., austenite grain growth occurs preferentially in the Mn-segregated portion. Therefore, the austenite grains cannot be uniformly dispersed. On the other hand, if the heating rate in this temperature range exceeds 2° C./sec, the formation of austenite is delayed due to so-called overheating, and austenite is formed in the high temperature range. In this case, rapid austenite growth occurs in the portion where Mn is segregated, and therefore the austenite grains cannot be uniformly dispersed. For the above reasons, it is necessary to heat at a heating rate of 0.6° C./second or more and 2° C./second or less in the temperature range from Ac1 point to Ac1 point+20° C.
- the heating rate should be 0.7°C/second or more and 10°C/second or less.
- the heating rate should be 0.7°C/second or more and 10°C/second or less.
- the heating rate is 0.7° C./second or more, the recrystallization of ferrite can be sufficiently advanced.
- the heating rate is too high, it is expected that it will be difficult to keep the heating rate within the above range in the temperature range from Ac1 point to Ac1 point+20°C. Therefore, it is preferable that the heating rate until the temperature of the steel plate reaches 650° C. is 10° C./sec or less.
- the heating rate in order to set the heating rate to 0.6°C/second or more and 2°C/second or less in the temperature range of Ac1 point or Ac1 point + 20°C, the heating rate must be switched when the steel plate temperature reaches a temperature range slightly lower than this temperature range. Specifically, it is necessary to switch the heating rate when the steel sheet temperature is in the temperature range of 650° C. or more and Ac1 point or less. If the switching temperature is less than 650° C., non-recrystallized regions of ferrite grains remain and the elongation of the finally obtained steel sheet is reduced. On the other hand, if the switching temperature exceeds the Ac point 1 or lower, the overheating described above cannot be suppressed.
- the heating rate of the steel sheet temperature must always be within the above range in the temperature range from Ac1 point to Ac1+20°C.
- the annealing temperature range exceeds 900°C or if the holding time exceeds 500 seconds, austenite grain growth proceeds and ferrite transformation is excessively suppressed, and a predetermined amount of ferrite cannot be obtained in the final structure, resulting in reduced ductility.
- the annealing temperature range is preferably 850°C or lower.
- the holding time means the time during which the temperature of the steel sheet is held isothermally at the maximum heating temperature.
- the atmosphere in which the steel sheet is heated to within the above temperature range is not particularly limited, but the steel sheet may be heated in an atmosphere with a dew point of -15°C or higher and 20°C or lower, for example.
- a dew point of -15°C or higher and 20°C or lower, for example.
- decarburization of the steel sheet surface proceeds, and the bendability of the steel sheet can be further improved.
- plating adhesion can be improved. Specifically, by setting the dew point when heating the steel sheet to ⁇ 15° C. or higher, it is possible to suppress the external oxidation state of Si and Mn while appropriately progressing decarburization, and it is possible to ensure better plating adhesion.
- the dew point when heating the steel sheet is more preferably ⁇ 10° C. or higher.
- the dew point when heating the steel sheet is preferably ⁇ 24° C. or less.
- the means for controlling the atmosphere around the steel plate is not particularly limited.
- the heating and temperature maintenance of the steel sheet may be performed in the heating furnace and the soaking furnace of the continuous annealing line, and the atmosphere in these furnaces may be controlled within the above range.
- a slow cooling zone for cooling to a temperature range of 650 ° C. or higher and 750 ° C. or lower at an average cooling rate of 0.5 ° C./sec or more and 20 ° C./sec or less may be provided in the production line.
- the average cooling rate must be 0.5° C./second or more. If the average cooling rate in the slow cooling zone is too low, the amount of ferrite will be excessive and the tensile strength will be insufficient.
- the average cooling rate is the average cooling rate in the temperature range from the maximum heating temperature to the steel sheet temperature at the exit of the slow cooling zone.
- the average cooling rate is set to 5° C./second or more regardless of the presence or absence of the slow cooling zone.
- Annealing is performed at a maximum heating temperature of Ac1+30°C or higher and 900°C or lower. After completion of temperature holding at the maximum heating temperature, first, the temperature of the steel sheet is lowered to a temperature range of 480°C or higher and 580°C or lower. At this time, the steel sheet may be cooled via the slow cooling zone described above. Then, the temperature of the steel sheet is held at a first holding temperature in the temperature range of 480° C. or higher and 580° C. or lower for 10 seconds or more and 100 seconds or less. In the temperature range of 480° C. or higher and 580° C. or lower, carbides are not generated in the steel sheet, and bainitic ferrite is generated in the steel sheet. This can further promote the formation of granular bainite in the subsequent heat treatment.
- the steel plate is brought to a temperature range of 500°C or more and 630°C or less. You may reheat a steel plate as needed. Then, the steel sheet is held at a second holding temperature in the temperature range of 500° C. or higher and 630° C. or lower for 10 seconds or longer and 500 seconds or shorter.
- a recovery phenomenon occurs in the bainitic ferrite (a phenomenon in which atoms are diffused, lattice defects move, and the atoms introduced into the bainitic ferrite during transformation are annihilated by maintaining the metal at a high temperature, and the dislocation density inside the metal is reduced).
- granular bainite is formed between ferrite and martensite, and the ratio of the number of martensite adjacent to ferrite can be reduced to 30% or less.
- the steel sheet may be cooled to (galvanizing bath temperature -40) ° C. to (galvanizing bath temperature +50) ° C. and immersed in a hot dip galvanizing bath or hot dip galvanizing bath.
- the hot-dip galvanizing or hot-dip zinc alloy plating may be subjected to an alloying treatment. Since the preferred conditions for the hot-dip galvanizing bath and the hot-dip galvanizing bath are substantially the same, only the hot-dip galvanizing bath will be described below.
- Cooling temperature range (galvanizing bath temperature -40) °C ⁇ (galvanizing bath temperature +50) °C (f)
- the steel sheet is cooled to a temperature range near the galvanizing bath temperature, that is, (galvanizing bath temperature -40) ° C. to (galvanizing bath temperature +50) ° C.
- the cooling temperature range is less than (galvanizing bath temperature - 40) °C, the temperature of the steel sheet is too low with respect to the temperature of the galvanizing bath, and the steel sheet that enters the galvanizing bath lowers the galvanizing bath temperature, making it impossible to maintain an appropriate galvanizing bath temperature. It is preferably (galvanizing bath temperature - 20)°C or higher.
- the cooling temperature range exceeds (galvanizing bath temperature + 50) ° C, the steel sheet temperature will be too high and the steel sheet will enter the galvanizing bath, and at the same time, the interdiffusion of zinc and iron will occur violently on the steel plate surface. It is preferably (galvanizing bath temperature + 30)°C or less.
- the alloying treatment applied to the hot-dip galvanized layer is performed by heating the hot-dip galvanized layer to a normal heating temperature range, that is, 300 to 550°C.
- the steel plate may be tempered.
- the tempering step may be a step of holding at a predetermined temperature or reheating during final cooling to room temperature, or a step of reheating to a predetermined temperature after final cooling is completed.
- a heating method in the tempering step is not particularly limited. However, from the viewpoint of suppressing a decrease in the strength of the steel sheet, the holding temperature or heating temperature in the tempering step is preferably 500°C or less. Tempering may be performed on-line, or may be performed off-line after continuous annealing. When performed online, the temperature may be cooled to a temperature range of room temperature or higher and 300° C. or lower during cooling after the step (f) or (g), and then heated to a temperature of 200° C. or higher and 400° C. or lower.
- Example 1 Using various slabs having the chemical compositions shown in Tables 1-1 and 1-2 as materials, various steel plates were produced according to the various production conditions shown in Tables 2-1 and 3-2. In Tables 1-1 and 1-2, the contents of elements not added to the slabs are shown blank. In addition, the unit of the components of each slab was % by mass, and the balance was iron and impurities. The temperature holding time at the maximum heating temperature was within the range of 10 seconds or more and 500 seconds or less under all manufacturing conditions. In addition, the rolling reduction during cold rolling was within the range of 10 to 80% under all manufacturing conditions. The blanks indicate the tempering temperature and tempering time under manufacturing conditions in which tempering is not performed.
- the “average cooling rate in the slow cooling zone” in such production conditions means the average cooling rate from the maximum heating temperature to the cooling stop temperature in the slow cooling zone, and the “average cooling rate up to 500 ° C.” means the average cooling rate from the cooling stop temperature in the slow cooling zone to the stationary temperature range.
- the elongation of the steel plate was evaluated by both the normal elongation (El 1 ) measured with a normal test piece and the processed part elongation (El 2 ) measured with a test piece having a stress concentrated portion.
- the evaluation of the normal elongation El 1 (total elongation El) of the steel sheet is performed by taking a JIS5B test piece from the steel sheet so that the longitudinal direction is perpendicular to the rolling direction of the steel sheet, and performing a tensile test in accordance with JIS Z 2241: 2011, as in the evaluation of the tensile strength.
- Steel sheets with a normal elongation El 1 of 10.0% or more were judged acceptable with respect to elongation.
- the work part elongation El 2 was evaluated by making a circular notch with a radius of R30 as shown in FIG. Steel sheets with a value obtained by dividing the work zone elongation El 2 by the normal elongation El 1 (El 2 /El 1 ) exceeding 0.280 were judged to be acceptable with respect to deformability in stress concentration zones.
- the hole expandability ( ⁇ ) of the steel plate was evaluated by conducting a hole expandability test in accordance with JIS Z 2256:2010. Steel sheets with a hole expandability of 25.0% or more were judged to pass the hole expandability.
- Comparative Example NN-32 could not be tested after hot rolling due to the excessive rolling load and the defective shape of the hot-rolled sheet. It is believed that this is because the finish rolling completion temperature was too low. Comparative Example NN-33 lacks martensite, while the ratio of martensite in contact with ferrite and the maximum difference in hardness in the plate thickness direction are excessive, resulting in elongation, hole expansibility, workability, and deformability in stress concentration areas.
- Comparative Example NN-35 the proportion of martensite in contact with ferrite and the maximum difference in hardness in the plate thickness direction were excessive, resulting in insufficient hole expansibility, workability, and deformability in stress concentration areas. It is presumed that this is because the high winding temperature promoted non-uniformity of the tissue. Comparative Example NN-36 had an excessive proportion of martensite in contact with ferrite, resulting in insufficient hole expansibility, workability, and deformability at stress concentration portions. It is presumed that this is because the heating rate before switching was slow.
- Comparative Example NN-38 had an excessive amount of ferrite and insufficient other structures, resulting in insufficient tensile strength. It is presumed that this is because the maximum heating temperature is low. Comparative Example NN-39 had a low amount of ferrite and an excessive amount of martensite, resulting in poor elongation and workability. It is presumed that this is because the maximum heating temperature is high. Comparative Example NN-40 had an excessive amount of ferrite and an insufficient amount of martensite, resulting in insufficient tensile strength. It is presumed that this is because the average cooling rate in the slow cooling zone is slow. Comparative Example NN-42 lacked granular bainite and martensite and had an excessive proportion of martensite in contact with ferrite.
- Comparative Example NN-46 since C was excessive, the amount of martensite was excessive, ferrite and granular bainite were insufficient, martensite was excessive, and elongation, workability, and deformability at stress concentration portions were insufficient. Comparative Example NN-47 lacked Si+Al, resulting in an excessive amount of bainite and an insufficient amount of granular bainite, resulting in insufficient hole expansibility, workability, and deformability in stress concentration areas. In Comparative Example NN-48, since Si+Al was excessive, the steel sheet became embrittled and lacked elongation and workability.
- Comparative Example NN-49 Mn+Cr was insufficient, so the amount of ferrite was excessive, and the amount of martensite was insufficient, resulting in insufficient tensile strength.
- Comparative Example NN-50 since Mn+Cr was excessive, coarse Mn oxides and sulfides were formed, and the hole expansibility, workability, and deformability at stress concentration portions deteriorated.
- Comparative Example NN-51 the proportion of martensite in contact with ferrite and the maximum difference in hardness in the sheet thickness direction were excessive, resulting in insufficient workability and deformability at the stress concentration portion. It is presumed that this is because the finish rolling completion temperature was inappropriate.
- Comparative Example NN-52 the maximum difference in hardness in the plate thickness direction was excessive, and as a result, the deformability at the stress concentration portion was insufficient. It is presumed that this is because the heating rate was switched in a temperature range that was too low.
- Comparative Example NN-53 the maximum difference in hardness in the plate thickness direction was excessive, and as a result, the deformability at the stress concentrated portion was insufficient. It is presumed that this is because the heating rate was switched in a temperature range that was too high.
- Comparative Example NN-54 the maximum difference in hardness in the plate thickness direction was excessive, and as a result, the deformability at the stress concentration portion was insufficient.
- Comparative Example NN-57 no granular bainite was formed, and the proportion of martensite in contact with ferrite was excessive, resulting in insufficient deformability at the stress concentration portion. It is presumed that this is because the retention time at 500 to 630°C was insufficient.
- Comparative Example NN-58 no granular bainite was formed, and the proportion of martensite in contact with ferrite was excessive, resulting in insufficient deformability at the stress concentration portion. This is presumed to be due to excessive retention time at 500-630°C.
- Comparative Example NN-59 no granular bainite was formed, and the proportion of martensite in contact with ferrite was excessive, resulting in insufficient deformability at the stress concentration portion. It is presumed that this is because the residence time in the temperature range of 480 to 580°C and the temperature range of 500 to 630°C was not provided.
- Example 2 Using various slabs having chemical compositions shown in Tables 6-1 and 6-2 as materials, various steel plates were produced according to various production conditions shown in Tables 7-1 to 8-2.
- Tables 6-1 and 6-2 the contents of elements not added to the slabs are shown blank.
- the unit of the components of each slab was % by mass, and the balance was iron and impurities.
- the temperature holding time at the maximum heating temperature was within the range of 10 seconds or more and 500 seconds or less under all manufacturing conditions.
- the rolling reduction during cold rolling was within the range of 10 to 80% under all manufacturing conditions.
- the blanks indicate the tempering temperature and tempering time under manufacturing conditions in which tempering is not performed.
- the “average cooling rate in the slow cooling zone” in such production conditions means the average cooling rate from the maximum heating temperature to the cooling stop temperature in the slow cooling zone, and the “average cooling rate up to 500 ° C.” means the average cooling rate from the cooling stop temperature in the slow cooling zone to the stationary temperature range.
- steel sheets were evaluated for tensile strength (TS), elongation (El), hole expansibility ( ⁇ ), ⁇ , and workability, and are listed in Tables 10-1 and 10-2. These evaluation methods are as follows.
- the tensile strength of the steel sheet was evaluated by taking a JIS5B test piece from the steel sheet so that the longitudinal direction was perpendicular to the rolling direction of the steel sheet, and performing a tensile test according to JIS Z 2241:2011. Steel sheets with a tensile strength of 900 MPa or more were judged to be acceptable in terms of tensile strength.
- the elongation of the steel plate was evaluated by both the normal elongation (El 1 ) measured with a normal test piece and the processed part elongation (El 2 ) measured with a test piece having a stress concentrated portion.
- the evaluation of the normal elongation El 1 (total elongation El) of the steel sheet is performed by taking a JIS5B test piece from the steel sheet so that the longitudinal direction is perpendicular to the rolling direction of the steel sheet, and performing a tensile test in accordance with JIS Z 2241: 2011, as in the evaluation of the tensile strength.
- Steel sheets with a normal elongation El 1 of 10.0% or more were judged acceptable with respect to elongation.
- the work part elongation El 2 was evaluated by adding a circular notch with a radius of R30 to the central part of the longitudinal direction of the JIS5B test piece taken from the steel plate as shown in FIG. Steel sheets with a value obtained by dividing the work zone elongation El 2 by the normal elongation El 1 (El 2 /El 1 ) exceeding 0.280 were judged to be acceptable with respect to deformability in stress concentration zones.
- the hole expandability ( ⁇ ) of the steel plate was evaluated by conducting a hole expandability test in accordance with JIS Z 2256:2010. Steel sheets with a hole expandability of 25.0% or more were judged to pass the hole expandability.
- Example NA-39 examples in which the chemical composition and manufacturing conditions were appropriate were excellent in tensile strength, elongation, and hole expansibility, and were judged to have both strength and moldability at high levels.
- the examples other than Example NA-39 were also excellent in the limit bending angle.
- the Hv30/Hvi was not within the preferred range, so the evaluation result of the limit bending angle was not within the preferred range, but the other evaluation results were excellent, so it was judged to be a steel sheet with high levels of strength, formability, and deformability in stress concentration areas.
- Comparative Example NA-32 could not be tested after hot rolling due to the excessive rolling load and the defective shape of the hot-rolled sheet. It is believed that this is because the finish rolling completion temperature was too low.
- Comparative Example NA-33 the martensite was insufficient, while the ratio of martensite in contact with ferrite and the maximum difference in hardness in the plate thickness direction were excessive, resulting in elongation, hole expansibility, workability, and deformability at stress concentration portions. It is presumed that this is because the cooling rate from finish rolling to coiling was slow, which promoted non-uniformity of the structure.
- Comparative Example NA-36 the ratio of martensite in contact with ferrite and the maximum difference in hardness in the plate thickness direction were excessive, resulting in insufficient hole expandability, workability, and deformability at stress concentration parts, and the bending threshold was also less than 0. It is presumed that this is because the high winding temperature promoted non-uniformity of the tissue.
- Comparative Example NA-37 the proportion of martensite in contact with ferrite was excessive, resulting in insufficient hole expandability, workability, and deformability at stress concentration portions, and the bending threshold value was less than zero. It is presumed that this is because the heating rate before switching was slow. Comparative Example NA-41 had an excessive amount of ferrite and insufficient other structures, resulting in insufficient tensile strength. It is presumed that this is because the maximum heating temperature is low. Comparative Example NA-42 had a low ferrite content and an excessive martensite content, resulting in poor elongation and workability. It is presumed that this is because the maximum heating temperature is high.
- Comparative Example NA-46 the amount of ferrite was excessive and the amount of martensite was insufficient, resulting in poor workability. It is presumed that this is because the cooling rate was insufficient at 580°C or higher.
- Comparative Example NA-48 granular bainite was not generated and martensite was insufficient, while bainite was excessive and the proportion of martensite in contact with ferrite was excessive. As a result, the hole expandability, the workability, and the deformability at the stress concentrated portion were impaired, and the bending threshold was less than zero. It is presumed that this is because the residence time at 480° C. or higher and 580° C. or lower was short.
- Comparative Example NA-49 had an excessive amount of granular bainite and an insufficient amount of martensite, resulting in insufficient tensile strength. It is presumed that this is because the retention time at 480° C. or higher and 580° C. or lower was too long. Since Comparative Example NA-50 lacked C, it lacked martensite and lost its tensile strength. In Comparative Example NA-51, since C was excessive, martensite was excessive and other structures were insufficient, resulting in insufficient elongation, workability, and deformability at the stress concentration portion.
- Comparative Example NA-52 since Si+Al was insufficient, granular bainite was insufficient and bainite was excessive, resulting in insufficient workability and deformability at the stress concentrated portion.
- Comparative Example NA-53 since Si+Al was excessive, the steel sheet became embrittled and lacked elongation and workability.
- Comparative Example NA-54 lacked Mn+Cr, so the amount of ferrite was excessive and the amount of martensite was insufficient, resulting in insufficient tensile strength.
- Comparative Example NA-55 since Mn+Cr was excessive, coarse Mn oxides and sulfides were formed, and the hole expansibility, workability, and deformability at stress concentration portions were deteriorated.
- Comparative Example NA-56 the maximum difference in hardness in the plate thickness direction was excessive, and as a result, the deformability at the stress concentration portion was insufficient. It is presumed that this is because the heating rate was switched in a temperature range that was too low.
- Comparative Example NA-57 the maximum difference in hardness in the plate thickness direction was excessive, and as a result, the deformability at the stress concentration portion was insufficient. It is presumed that this is because the heating rate was switched in a temperature range that was too high.
- Comparative Example NA-58 the maximum difference in hardness in the plate thickness direction was excessive, and as a result, the deformability at the stress concentration portion was insufficient.
- Comparative Example NA-61 no granular bainite was formed, and the proportion of martensite in contact with ferrite was excessive, resulting in insufficient deformability at the stress concentration portion. It is presumed that this is because the retention time at 500 to 630°C was insufficient.
- Comparative Example NA-62 no granular bainite was formed, and the proportion of martensite in contact with ferrite was excessive, resulting in insufficient deformability at the stress concentration portion. This is presumed to be due to excessive retention time at 500-630°C.
- Comparative Example NA-63 no granular bainite was formed, and the proportion of martensite in contact with ferrite was excessive, resulting in insufficient deformability at the stress concentration portion. It is presumed that this is because the residence time in the temperature range of 480-580°C and the temperature range of 500-630°C was not provided.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a steel sheet with excellent formability and a maximum tensile strength of 900 MPa or more suitable for structural members of automobiles and the like, and a method for manufacturing the same. Since the steel sheet of the present invention is particularly excellent in collision safety, the present invention has high applicability in the automobile industry and the steel sheet manufacturing/processing industry.
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Abstract
Description
また、自動車部材には穴などの応力集中部が存在する。自動車部材用の鋼板をプレス加工する際に、応力集中部において破断が生じやすい。そのため、応力集中部に高い変形能を付与できる鋼板が産業界から切望されている。しかしながら、応力集中部における変形能もまた、鋼板の強度が高いほど低下する傾向にある。
これらの課題を解決するために、いくつかの手段が提案されている。
(2)上記(1)に記載の鋼板では、前記化学組成が、質量%で、Mo:0.01%以上、0.50%以下、Ti:0.001%以上、0.20%以下、Nb:0.0001%以上、0.20%以下、B:0.0001%以上、0.010%以下、V:0.001%以上、0.50%以下、Cu:0.001%以上、1.00%以下、W:0.001%以上、0.10%以下、Ta:0.001%以上、0.10%以下、Ni:0.001%以上、1.00%以下、Sn:0.001%以上、0.050%以下、Co:0.001%以上、0.50%以下、Sb:0.001%以上、0.050%以下、As:0.001%以上、0.050%以下、Mg:0.0001%以上、0.050%以下、Ca:0.001%以上、0.040%以下、Y:0.001%以上、0.050%以下、Zr:0.001%以上、0.050%以下、La:0.001%以上、0.050%以下、及びCe:0.001%以上、0.050%以下からなる群から選択される1種または2種以上を含有してもよい。
(3)上記(1)又は(2)に記載の鋼板では、前記鋼板の前記表面から前記板厚方向に30μm深さの位置の、荷重0.29Nでのビッカース硬さHv30と、前記板厚1/4部の、荷重0.29Nでのビッカース硬さHviとの比Hv30/Hviが0.8以下であり、引張強さが900MPa以上であってもよい。
(4)上記(1)~(3)のいずれか一項に記載の鋼板は、前記表面に溶融亜鉛めっき層又は溶融亜鉛合金めっき層を有してもよい。
(5)上記(1)~(3)のいずれか一項に記載の鋼板は、前記表面に合金化溶融亜鉛めっき層を有してもよい。
フェライト:10%以上、50%未満
フェライトは、軟質な組織であるので変形し易く、伸び性の向上に寄与するとともに、グラニュラーベイナイトの生成を促進する作用をなす組織である。フェライトが10%以上であると、オーステナイトからグラニュラーベイナイトへの変態が進行し易くなる。フェライトは、好ましくは12%以上、15%以上、又は20%以上である。
グラニュラーベイナイトは、複数のラス状のベイニティックフェライトの集合体である。グラニュラーベイナイトは、転位密度が低いという特徴を有する。例えば、グラニュラーベイナイトの転位密度は1013m/m3程度のオーダーである。これらベイニティックフェライト間の結晶粒界における、ベイニティックフェライトの結晶方位の角度の差(結晶方位差)は5°以下と小さく、そのため、グラニュラーベイナイトは、結晶粒径が5~20μm程度の一つの塊状に見える組織である。これは、熱処理により回復が進行し、ベイニティックフェライト同士の界面における結晶方位差が約5°以下になり、界面が消失したように見えるためである。グラニュラーベイナイトの内部には、残留オーステナイト及びマルテンサイト等が含まれる場合がある。ただし、上部ベイナイトおよび下部ベイナイトとは異なり、グラニュラーベイナイトは、炭化物を内部に含まない。したがって、グラニュラーベイナイトは一般的なベイナイトとは異なり、一般的なベイナイト及びマルテンサイトよりも軟質である。グラニュラーベイナイトの判定方法の一例が、北島ら「電子チャンネリングコントラスト像を用いたフェライトとグラニュラーベイナイトの識別」(CAMP-ISIJ、Vol.26(2013) 896)に記載されている。
マルテンサイトは、転位密度が高く硬質な組織であるので、引張強度の向上に寄与する組織である。マルテンサイトを30%以上とすることで、900MPa以上の引張強度を確保する。マルテンサイトは好ましくは32%以上、35%以上、又は40%以上である。
上部ベイナイトおよび下部ベイナイト(以下、両者の総称として用語「ベイナイト」を用いる場合がある)は、転位密度が高いため、伸びを劣化させる。具体的には、ベイナイトは、転位密度が1.0×1014m/m3程度であるベイニティックフェライト及びセメンタイトから構成される。また、ベイナイトは、フェライトとの硬度差が大きい。そのため、フェライトとベイナイトの界面はボイドの起点となりやすく、穴広げ性を劣化させる。上部ベイナイトおよび下部ベイナイトを合計で30%未満とすることで、伸び、穴広げ性を確保する。好ましくは、上部ベイナイトおよび下部ベイナイトは合計で25%以下、20%以下、又は10%以下である。上部ベイナイトおよび下部ベイナイトの合計量の下限値を規定する必要はなく、例えばこれを0%以上、0.2%以上、0.5%以上、又は1.0%以上と規定してもよい。
パーライトは硬質なセメンタイトを含む組織であり、穴広げ時にボイドの発生の起点となり、穴広げ性を劣化させる。そのため、パーライトは10%未満とする。パーライトは好ましくは8%以下、6%以下、又は5%以下である。パーライトの下限値を規定する必要はなく、例えばパーライトを0%以上、0.2%以上、0.5%以上、又は1.0%以上と規定してもよい。
残留オーステナイトは、加工誘起変態(TRIP:Transformation Induced Plasticity)によって伸びの向上に寄与する組織である。しかし、残留オーステナイトが加工誘起変態することで生成するマルテンサイトは、非常に硬質であり、ボイドの発生の起点となり、穴広げ性を劣化させる。そのため、残留オーステナイトは5%未満とする。残留オーステナイトは好ましくは4%以下、3%以下、又は2%以下である。残留オーステナイトの下限値を規定する必要はなく、例えば残留オーステナイトを0%以上、0.2%以上、0.5%以上、又は1.0%以上と規定してもよい。
穴広げ試験では、打ち抜きによるダメージを受けた領域が、さらに変形を受けることで、ボイドが生成、連結し破断に至る。つまり、穴広げ性を高めるためには、ボイドの生成や連結を抑制する必要がある。隣接する金属組織の硬度差が大きい場合、金属組織間の界面でボイドが生成し易い。たとえば、軟質なフェライトと硬質なマルテンサイトの界面が最もボイドが生成しやすい。本発明鋼では、フェライトと隣接するマルテンサイトの割合を減少させるために、グラニュラーベイナイトをフェライトに接するように制御する。これにより、フェライトとマルテンサイトが接する割合が減少し、穴広げ性の向上が期待できる。フェライトと隣接する金属組織の個数に対する、フェライトと隣接するマルテンサイトの個数の割合を30%以下とすることで、穴広げ性が大幅に向上する。好ましくは、この個数割合は28%以下、25%以下、又は20%以下である。なお、「フェライトと隣接する金属組織の個数」とは、マルテンサイトを含むすべての金属組織の個数を意味する。
鋼板内部の金属組織は、板厚方向に均一に分散するのではなく、硬質組織が多い層、少ない層がバンド状に分布していることが多い。これは、特にマンガンに代表される元素の濃度が、板厚方向に沿って濃度を測定した場合に偏りが見られることに起因する。このように、板厚方向に元素濃度に偏りがあり、それによって組織分布が不均一であると、軟質層と硬質層の層間で硬度差が生じやすく、ボイドの起点となって穴広げ性が劣化する。
鋼板表面の硬度を内層の硬度に対して低くすることで、曲げ性を大幅に向上することができる。そこで、本実施形態に係る鋼板では、鋼板の表面から板厚方向に30μm深さの位置で、荷重0.29Nで5点測定したビッカース硬さの平均値をHv30と定義し、板厚の1/4部の位置を荷重0.29Nで5点測定したビッカース硬さの平均値Hviと定義し、これらの比Hv30/Hviを0.8以下としてもよい。Hv30/Hviを0.8以下とすることで、鋼板の曲げ性を一層高めることができる。Hv30/Hviを0.7以下、0.6以下、又は0.5以下としてもよい。
EBSDを用いて、板厚1/4部の100μm×100μm領域をステップ間隔0.2μmで観察する。観察は、圧延方向に平行且つ板面に垂直な断面において行う。観察データから、Grain average misorientationの値を計算する。次に、Grain average misorientationの値が0.5°以下となる領域を、電子チャネリングコントラスト像で観察し、フェライトを同定する。さらに、フェライトと隣接する金属組織のうち、マルテンサイトを同定する。白い色調で内部に下部組織が認められる金属組織がマルテンサイトである。フェライトと隣接する金属組織の個数、およびそれに占めるマルテンサイトの個数の割合を算出する。
C:0.07%以上、0.15%以下
Cは、所定量のマルテンサイトを確保し、鋼板の強度を向上させる元素である。Cが0.07%未満であると、所定量のマルテンサイトを得ることが難しく、引張最大強度900MPa以上を確保することができないので、Cは0.07%以上とする。Cは好ましくは0.09%以上、0.10%以上、又は0.12%以上である。
SiとAlは、所定量のグラニュラーベイナイトを得るために必須の元素である。グラニュラーベイナイトは、ベイニティックフェライトの界面に存在する転位が、熱処理により回復し、これによりベイニティックフェライトが塊状となった金属組織である。
Mn及び/又はCrは、強度の向上に寄与する元素であり、また、連続焼鈍設備又は連続溶融亜鉛めっき設備での熱処理時に生じるフェライト変態を抑制する作用をなす元素である。
Pは、不純物元素で、鋼板の板厚中央部に偏析して靭性を阻害し、また、溶接部を脆化させる元素である。Pが0.040%を超えると、溶接部強度や穴広げ性が著しく低下する。そのため、Pは0.040%以下とする。Pは好ましくは0.030%以下、0.020%以下、又は0.010%以下である。
Sは、不純物元素で、溶接性を阻害し、また、鋳造時と熱延時の製造性を阻害する元素である。また、Sは、粗大なMnSを形成して、穴広げ性を阻害する元素でもある。Sが0.010%を超えると、溶接性の低下、製造性の低下、及び、穴広げ性の低下が顕著になる。そのため、Sは0.010%以下とする。Sは好ましくは0.008%以下、0.005%以下、又は0.004%以下である。
Nは、粗大な窒化物を形成し、曲げ性や穴広げ性を阻害し、また、溶接時のブローホールの発生原因となる元素である。Nが0.010%を超えると、穴広げ性の低下や、ブローホールの発生が顕著となる。そのため、Nは0.010%以下とする。N含有量は0.008%以下、0.006%以下、又は0.005%以下であってもよい。
Oは、粗大な酸化物を形成し、曲げ性や穴広げ性を阻害し、また、溶接時のブローホールの発生原因となる元素である。Oが0.006%を超えると、穴広げ性の低下や、ブローホールの発生が顕著となる。そのため、Oは0.006%以下とする。O含有量は0.005%以下、0.004%以下、又は0.002%以下であってもよい。
Moは、Crと同様に鋼板の高強度化に寄与する元素である。この効果は微量であっても得ることができる。Moの含有量は0%でも良いが、上記効果を得るためには、Moの含有量は、0.01%以上、0.02%以上、又は0.05%以上であることが好ましい。一方、Moの含有量が0.50%を超えると、粗大なMo炭化物が形成され、鋼板の冷間成形性が低下する虞がある。このため、Moの含有量は0.50%以下、0.40%以下、又は0.20%以下であることが好ましい。
Tiは、炭化物の形態制御に重要な元素である。Tiによってフェライトの強度増加が促され得る。また、Tiは、粗大なTi酸化物又はTiNを形成して鋼板の成形性を低下させる虞がある元素である。よって、鋼板の成形性を確保する観点からは、Tiの含有量は、少ないほど好ましく、0.20%以下、0.10%以下、又は0.05%以下とすることが好ましく、0%であってもよい。ただし、Tiの含有量を0.001%未満に低減することは精錬コストの過度な増加を招くため、Tiの含有量の下限を0.001%、0.002%、又は0.003%としてもよい。
Nbは、Tiと同様に炭化物の形態制御に有効な元素であり、組織を微細化して鋼板の靭性の向上にも効果的な元素である。この効果は微量であっても得ることができる。Nbの含有量は0%でも良いが、上記効果を得るためには、Nbの含有量を0.0001%以上、0.0005%以上、又は0.0010%以上とすることが好ましい。ただし、Nbの含有量が多すぎると、微細で硬質なNb炭化物が多数析出し、鋼板の強度上昇とともに延性の顕著な劣化を招き、鋼板の成形性が低下する虞がある。このため、Nbの含有量は0.20%以下、0.15%以下、又は0.10%以下であることが好ましい。
Bは、オーステナイトからの冷却過程においてフェライト及びパーライトの生成を抑え、ベイナイト又はマルテンサイト等の低温変態組織の生成を促す元素である。また、Bは、鋼の高強度化に有益な元素である。この効果は微量であっても得ることができる。Bの含有量は0%でも良いが、上記効果を得るためには、Bの含有量を0.0001%以上、0.0005%以上、又は0.0010%以上とすることが好ましい。ただし、Bの含有量が多すぎると、粗大なB酸化物が生成され、当該B酸化物がプレス成型時にボイドの発生起点となり、鋼板の成形性が低下する虞がある。このため、Bの含有量は0.010%以下、0.008%以下、又は0.005%以下であることが好ましい。なお、0.0001%未満のBの同定には分析に細心の注意を払う必要がある。B含有量が分析装置の検出下限を下回る場合、B含有量が0%とみなされる場合もある。
Vも、TiやNbと同様に、炭化物の形態制御に有効な元素であり、組織を微細化して鋼板の靭性の向上にも効果的な元素である。Vの含有量は0%でも良いが、上記効果を得るためには、Vの含有量は0.001%以上、0.005%以上、又は0.010%以上であることが好ましい。ただし、Vの含有量が多すぎると、微細なV炭化物が多数析出して鋼材の強度上昇と延性の低下を招き、鋼板の成形性が低下する虞がある。このため、Vの含有量は0.50%以下、0.40%以下、又は0.30%以下であることが好ましい。
Cuは、鋼板の強度の向上に寄与する元素である。この効果は微量であっても得ることができる。Cuの含有量は0%でも良いが、上記効果を得るためには、Cuの含有量が0.001%以上、0.005%以上、又は0.010%以上であることが好ましい。ただし、Cuの含有量が多すぎると、赤熱脆性を招いて熱間圧延での生産性を低下させる虞がある。このため、Cuの含有量は1.00%以下、0.80%以下、又は0.50%以下であることが好ましい。
Wも、Nb、Vと同様に、炭化物の形態制御と鋼板の強度の向上に有効な元素である。Wの含有量は0%でも良いが、上記効果を得るためには、Wの含有量が0.001%以上、0.005%以上、又は0.010%以上であることが好ましい。一方、Wの含有量が多すぎると、微細なW炭化物が多数析出して鋼板の強度上昇と延性の低下を招き、鋼板の冷間加工性を低下させる虞がある。このため、Wの含有量は0.10%以下、0.08%以下、又は0.05%以下であることが好ましい。
Taも、Nb、V、Wと同様に、炭化物の形態制御と鋼板の強度の向上に有効な元素である。Taの含有量は0%でも良いが、上記効果を得るためには、Taの含有量が0.001%以上、0.005%以上、又は0.010%以上であることが好ましい。一方、Taの含有量が多すぎると、微細なTa炭化物が多数析出して鋼板の強度上昇と延性の低下を招き、鋼板の冷間加工性を低下させる虞がある。このため、Taの含有量は0.10%以下であることが好ましく、0.02%以下であることがより好ましく、0.010%以下であることが更に好ましい。
Niは、鋼板の強度の向上に有効な元素である。Niの含有量は0%でも良いが、上記効果を得るためには、Niの含有量が0.001%以上、0.005%以上、又は0.010%以上であることが好ましい。一方、Niの含有量が多すぎると、鋼板の延性が低下して成形性の低下を招く虞がある。このため、Niの含有量は1.00%以下、0.80%以下、又は0.50%以下であることが好ましい。
Snは、鋼板の原料としてスクラップを用いた場合に、鋼板に含有され得る元素である。また、Snは、フェライトの脆化による鋼板の冷間成形性の低下を引き起こす虞がある。このため、Snの含有量は少ないほど好ましい。Snの含有量は、0.050%以下であることが好ましく、0.040%以下、又は0.030%以下であることがより好ましく、0%であってもよい。しかし、Snの含有量を0.001%未満へ低減することは精錬コストの過度な増加を招くため、Snの含有量を0.001%以上、0.005%以上、又は0.010%以上としてもよい。
Coは、Niと同様に鋼板の強度の向上に有効な元素である。Coの含有量は0%でも良いが、上記効果を得るためには、Coの含有量が0.001%以上、0.005%以上、又は0.010%以上であることが好ましい。一方、Coの含有量が多すぎると、鋼板の延性が低下して成形性の低下を招く虞がある。このため、Coの含有量は0.50%以下、0.40%以下、又は0.30%以下であることが好ましい。
Sbは、Snと同様に、鋼板の原料としてスクラップを用いた場合に鋼板に含有され得る元素である。Sbは、粒界に強く偏析して粒界の脆化及び延性の低下や、冷間成形性の低下を招く虞がある。このため、Sbの含有量は少ないほど好ましい。Sbの含有量は、0.050%以下であることが好ましく、0.040%以下又は0.030%以下であることがより好ましく、0%であってもよい。しかし、Sbの含有量を0.001%未満へ低減することは精錬コストの過度な増加を招くため、Sbの含有量を0.001%以上、0.005%以上、又は0.010%以上としてもよい。
Asは、Sn、Sbと同様に、鋼板の原料としてスクラップを用いた場合に鋼板に含有され得る元素である。Asは、粒界に強く偏析する元素であり、冷間成形性の低下を招く虞がある。このため、Asの含有量は少ないほど好ましい。Asの含有量は、0.050%以下であることが好ましく、0.040%以下又は0.030%以下であることがより好ましく、0%であってもよい。しかし、Asの含有量を0.001%未満へ低減することは精錬コストの過度な増加を招くため、Asの含有量を0.001%以上、0.005%以上、又は0.010%以上としてもよい。
Mgは、硫化物や酸化物の形態を制御し、鋼板の曲げ成形性の向上に寄与する。この効果は微量であっても得ることができる。Mgの含有量は0%でも良いが、上記効果を得るためには、Mgの含有量が0.0001%以上、0.005%以上、又は0.010%以上であることが好ましい。しかし、Mgの含有量が多すぎると、粗大な介在物の形成による冷間成形性の低下を引き起こす虞がある。このため、Mgの含有量は、0.050%以下であることが好ましく、0.040%以下又は0.030%以下であることがより好ましい。
Caは、Mgと同様に、微量で硫化物の形態を制御できる元素である。Caの含有量は0%でも良いが、上記効果を得るためには、Caの含有量は0.001%以上、0.005%以上、又は0.010%以上であることが好ましい。しかし、Caの含有量が多すぎると、粗大なCa酸化物が生成され、当該Ca酸化物が冷間成形時に割れ発生の起点となり得る。このため、Caの含有量は、0.040%以下であることが好ましく、0.030%以下又は0.020%以下であることがより好ましい。
Yは、Mg、Caと同様、に微量で硫化物の形態を制御できる元素である。Yの含有量は0%でも良いが、上記効果を得るためには、Yの含有量は0.001%以上、0.005%以上、又は0.010%以上であることが好ましい。しかし、Yの含有量が多すぎると、粗大なY酸化物が生成され、冷間成形性が低下する虞がある。このため、Yの含有量は、0.050%以下であることが好ましく、0.040%以下又は0.030%以下であることがより好ましい。
Zrは、Mg、Ca、Yと同様に、微量で硫化物の形態を制御できる元素である。Zrの含有量は0%でも良いが、上記効果を得るためには、Zrの含有量は0.001%以上、0.005%以上、又は0.010%以上であることが好ましい。しかし、Zrの含有量が多すぎると、粗大なZr酸化物が生成され、冷間成形性が低下する虞がある。このため、Zrの含有量は、0.050%以下であることが好ましく、0.040%以下又は0.030%以下であることがより好ましい。
Laは、微量で硫化物の形態制御に有効な元素である。Laの含有量は0%でも良いが、上記効果を得るためには、Laの含有量は0.001%以上、0.005%以上、又は0.010%以上であることが好ましい。しかし、Laの含有量が多すぎると、La酸化物が生成され、冷間成形性が低下する虞がある。このため、Laの含有量は、0.050%以下であることが好ましく、0.040%以下又は0.030%以下であることがより好ましい。
Ceは、Laと同様に微量で硫化物の形態を制御できる元素である。Ceの含有量は0%でも良いが、上記効果を得るためには、Ceの含有量は0.001%以上、0.005%以上、又は0.010%以上であることが好ましい。しかし、Ceは粒界に強く偏析して粒界炭化物の個数比率の低下を招く元素であり、粒界炭化物の個数比率が低下すると鋼板の成形性が低下する虞がある。このため、Ceの含有量は、0.050%以下であることが好ましく、0.040%以下又は0.030%以下であることがより好ましい。
(a-1)880℃以上で仕上げ圧延を完了し、
(a-2)仕上げ圧延完了温度から巻取り温度までの平均冷却速度が20℃/秒以上で冷却し、
(a-3)巻取り温度が680℃以下とするように熱間圧延し、熱延鋼板とし、
(b)熱延鋼板を、酸洗後、冷間圧延に供して冷延鋼板とし、次いで、
(c)前記冷延鋼板を、650℃以下の温度範囲の加熱速度を0.7℃/秒以上10℃/秒以下として加熱し、650℃以上Ac1点以下の温度範囲で加熱速度を切り替えて、Ac1点以上(Ac1+20℃)以下での加熱速度が0.6℃/秒以上2.0℃/秒以下となるようにさらに加熱し、
(d)その後、(Ac1+30℃)以上、900℃以下の最高加熱温度まで加熱し、前記温度域で10秒以上500秒以下の温度保持を行い、
(e)好ましくは、650℃以上750℃以下の温度範囲まで0.5℃/秒以上20℃/秒以下の冷却速度で冷却する徐冷帯を設け、
580℃以上650℃以下での平均冷却速度を5℃/秒以上とし、
(f-1)480℃以上580℃以下の温度範囲にある第1の停留温度まで冷却し、この温度範囲で10秒以上100秒以内停留させ
(f-2)500℃以上630℃以下の温度範囲にある第2の停留温度で10秒以上500秒以下停留させ、次いで、めっきをする場合は(g)工程を実施し、めっきをしない場合は室温まで冷却する。
(g)めっきする場合は、(f-2)工程の後、鋼板を、(亜鉛めっき浴温度-40)℃~(亜鉛めっき浴温度+50)℃に冷却して、溶融亜鉛めっき浴に浸漬して、溶融亜鉛めっきを施し、必要に応じ、溶融亜鉛めっき層に合金化処理を施す。
(h)焼戻しを行う場合は、滞留後の鋼板、溶融亜鉛めっき若しくは溶融亜鉛合金めっきを有する鋼板、又は合金化溶融亜鉛めっきを有する鋼板を、500℃以下の温度域で焼き戻す。焼戻しはオンラインで行ってもよいし、連続焼鈍後にオフラインで行ってもよい。オンラインで行う場合は、(f)あるいは(g)工程後の冷却中に、室温以上300℃以下の温度域に冷却した後、200℃以上400℃以下の温度に加熱すればよい。
以下、工程条件について説明する。
本実施形態に係る鋼板は、900MPa以上の引張最大強度を確保するために、合金元素を比較的多く含有している。そのため、熱間圧延の際、圧延荷重を大きくする必要があるので、熱間圧延は高温で行うことが好ましい。また、熱間圧延の際、粗圧延鋼板を接合して、連続的に熱間圧延を行ってもよい。
鋳造によって製造したスラブは、中心偏析やミクロ偏析を有している。ミクロ偏析は、圧延によって圧延方向に伸長することで、板厚方向に沿って交互に、濃化領域と希薄領域とがバンド状に形成される。このようなバンド状の元素偏析は、特にマンガンで顕著であり、以降の工程を経ても鋼板中に残存し、連続焼鈍中の組織形成に影響を及ぼし、板厚方向の不均一性を高めてしまい、成形性を劣化させる原因となる。
熱延鋼板は、680℃以下の温度域で巻き取る。巻取温度が680℃を超えると、パーライト変態が進行し、上述のように板厚方向に沿った測定で確認される元素の濃淡が大きくなり、連続焼鈍後の成形性が劣化するので、巻取温度域は、680℃以下とする。巻取温度は好ましくは550℃以下、より好ましくは450℃以下である。巻取温度の下限は特に定めないが、室温以下の温度で巻き取ることは、技術的に困難であるので、室温が実質的な下限である。
熱延後は、酸洗、及び冷間圧延に供する。これらの工程に制約は特にない。例えば、酸洗は、一回でもよいし、必要に応じ複数回に分けて行ってもよい。冷間圧延は、10%以上、80%以下程度の圧下率を確保できる範囲で、適宜、圧延パスの回数、パス毎の圧下率を設定すればよい。
(c1)室温から650℃まで、0.7℃/秒以上、且つ好ましくは10℃/秒以下の加熱速度で加熱する。
(c2)650℃以上Ac1点以下の温度範囲で、加熱速度を切り替える。
(c3)Ac1点以上Ac1点+20℃の温度範囲の加熱速度を0.6℃/秒以上2℃/秒以下として加熱する。
900MPa以上の強度を得るためには、硬質組織を所定量得る必要がある。最高加熱温度が、Ac1+30℃未満である場合、又は保持時間が10秒未満である場合には、焼鈍中のオーステナイトの生成が抑制され、最終組織として、所定量の硬質組織を得ることができず、引張強度900MPaを満たすことができない。
鋼板の周囲の雰囲気を制御する手段は特に限定されない。例えば、鋼板の加熱及び温度保持を連続焼鈍ラインの加熱炉及び均熱炉において行い、これらの炉内雰囲気を上述の範囲内に制御すればよい。
一方、580℃以上650℃以下の温度範囲では、上述の徐冷帯の有無にかかわらず、平均冷却速度を5℃/秒以上とする。これにより、フェライトの過度の生成を抑制することができる。
(f-1)480℃以上580℃以下の温度範囲にある第1の停留温度まで冷却し、この温度範囲で10秒以上100秒以下停留させ
(f-2)500℃以上630℃以下の温度範囲にある第2の停留温度で10秒以上500秒以下停留させ、次いで、室温まで冷却する。
必要に応じて鋼板を、(亜鉛めっき浴温度-40)℃~(亜鉛めっき浴温度+50)℃に冷却して、溶融亜鉛めっき浴又は溶融亜鉛合金めっき浴に浸漬してもよい。溶融亜鉛めっき又は溶融亜鉛合金めっき浴を施した後に、溶融亜鉛めっき又は溶融亜鉛合金めっきに合金化処理を施してもよい。なお、溶融亜鉛めっき浴及び溶融亜鉛合金めっき浴の好ましい条件は略同一であるので、以下では溶融亜鉛めっき浴に関してのみ言及する。
(f)工程の保持により、所定量のグラニュラーベイナイトが生成した鋼板に、溶融亜鉛めっきを施すため、鋼板を、亜鉛めっき浴温度付近の温度域、即ち、(亜鉛めっき浴温度-40)℃~(亜鉛めっき浴温度+50)℃の温度域に冷却する。
表1-1及び表1-2に記載の化学組成を有する種々のスラブを材料とし、表2-1~表3-2に記載の種々の製造条件に従って、種々の鋼板を製造した。
表1-1及び表1-2において、スラブに添加されなかった元素の含有量は空白で示した。また、各スラブの成分の単位は質量%であり、その残部は鉄及び不純物であった。
最高加熱温度における温度保持時間は、全ての製造条件において10秒以上500秒以下の範囲内とした。また、冷間圧延時の圧下率は、全ての製造条件において、10~80%の範囲内とした。焼戻しが行われない製造条件における焼戻し温度及び焼戻し時間は空白で示した。めっきを有する場合は、溶融亜鉛めっき層、又は溶融亜鉛合金めっき層の何れかである。
鋼板に関し、発明範囲外の値、及び合否基準に満たなかった値には下線を付した。また、製造条件に関し、適切と考えられる範囲を外れた値には下線を付した。
鋼板の引張強さの評価は、長手方向が鋼板の圧延方向に直角となるように、JIS5B試験片を鋼板から採取し、JIS Z 2241:2011に準拠して引張試験を行うことにより実施した。引張強さが900MPa以上である鋼板を、引張強さに関して合格と判断した。
鋼板の伸びについては、通常の試験片によって測定された通常伸び(El1)、及び応力集中部が形成された試験片によって測定された加工部伸び(El2)の両方で評価した。鋼板の通常伸びEl1(全伸びEl)の評価は、引張強さの評価と同じく、長手方向が鋼板の圧延方向に直角となるように、JIS5B試験片を鋼板から採取し、JIS Z 2241:2011に準拠して引張試験を行うことにより実施した。通常伸びEl1が10.0%以上である鋼板を、伸びに関して合格と判断した。加工部伸びEl2の評価は、鋼板から採取されたJIS5B試験片の長手方向中央部5に、図3に示すように半径R30の円形ノッチを付し、これに対して通常伸びの評価と同様に引張試験を行って全伸びを測定することにより行った。加工部伸びEl2を通常伸びEl1で割った値(El2/El1)が0.280を上回る鋼板を、応力集中部における変形能に関して合格と判断した。
鋼板の穴広げ性(λ)の評価は、JIS Z 2256:2010に準拠して穴広げ試験を行うことにより実施した。穴広げ性が25.0%以上である鋼板を、穴広げ性に関して合格と判断した。
鋼板の加工性の評価方法は、上記伸び、穴広げ性の下限値を満たし、さらに伸び×穴広げ性(El×λ)が300.0以上である鋼板を加工性に関して合格と判断した。
一方、比較例NN-32は、圧延荷重過大に加え、熱延板形状不良により、熱延以降の試験が不可となった。これは、仕上圧延完了温度が低すぎたからであると考えられる。
比較例NN-33は、マルテンサイトが不足し、一方でフェライトと接するマルテンサイトの割合、及び板厚方向の硬さの最大差が過剰となり、その結果伸び、穴広げ性、加工性、及び応力集中部における変形能が不足した。これは、仕上げ圧延から巻取までの冷却速度が遅いので、組織の不均一性が助長されたからであると推定される。
比較例NN-35は、フェライトと接するマルテンサイトの割合、及び板厚方向の硬さの最大差が過剰となり、その結果穴広げ性、加工性、及び応力集中部における変形能が不足した。これは、巻き取り温度が高いため、組織の不均一性が助長されたからであると推定される。
比較例NN-36は、フェライトと接するマルテンサイトの割合が過剰となり、その結果穴広げ性、加工性、及び応力集中部における変形能が不足した。これは、切り替え前の加熱速度が遅かったからであると推定される。
比較例NN-38は、フェライト量が過剰となり、その他の組織が不足し、その結果引張強さが不足した。これは、最高加熱温度が低いからであると推定される。
比較例NN-39は、フェライト量が少なく、一方マルテンサイト量が過剰であり、その結果伸びと加工性が損なわれた。これは、最高加熱温度が高いからであると推定される。
比較例NN-40は、フェライト量が過剰となり、マルテンサイト量が不足し、その結果引張強さが不足した。これは、徐冷帯での平均冷却速度が遅いからであると推定される。
比較例NN-42は、グラニュラーベイナイト及びマルテンサイトが不足し、さらにフェライトと接するマルテンサイトの割合が過剰となった。その結果、引張強さ、穴広げ性、加工性、及び応力集中部における変形能が損なわれた。これは、480~580℃での停留時間が長すぎたからであると推定される。
比較例NN-44は、グラニュラーベイナイトが生成せず、マルテンサイト及びベイナイトが過剰となり、さらにフェライトと接するマルテンサイトの割合が過剰となった。その結果、穴広げ性、加工性、及び応力集中部における変形能が損なわれた。これは、480℃以上580℃以下の停留時間が短かったからであると推定される。
比較例NN-45は、Cが不足したので、マルテンサイトが不足して、引張強さが損なわれた。
比較例NN-46は、Cが過剰であったので、マルテンサイト量が過剰となり、フェライト及びグラニュラーベイナイトが不足し、マルテンサイトが過剰となり、伸び、加工性、及び応力集中部における変形能が不足した。
比較例NN-47は、Si+Alが不足したので、ベイナイト量が過剰となる一方でグラニュラーベイナイトが不足して、穴広げ性、加工性、及び応力集中部における変形能が不足した。
比較例NN-48は、Si+Alが過剰であったので、鋼板が脆化し、伸び及び加工性が不足した。
比較例NN-49は、Mn+Crが不足したので、フェライト量が過剰となり、マルテンサイト量が不足して、引張強さが不足した。
比較例NN-50は、Mn+Crが過剰であったので、粗大なMn酸化物や硫化物が形成され、穴広げ性、加工性、及び応力集中部における変形能が劣化した。
比較例NN-51は、フェライトと接するマルテンサイトの割合、及び板厚方向の硬さの最大差が過剰となり、その結果、加工性及び応力集中部における変形能が不足した。これは、仕上圧延完了温度が不適切であったからであると推定される。
比較例NN-52は、板厚方向の硬さの最大差が過剰となり、その結果、応力集中部における変形能が不足した。これは、加熱速度の切り替えが、低すぎる温度域で行われたからであると推定される。
比較例NN-53は、板厚方向の硬さの最大差が過剰となり、その結果、応力集中部における変形能が不足した。これは、加熱速度の切り替えが、高すぎる温度域で行われたからであると推定される。
比較例NN-54は、板厚方向の硬さの最大差が過剰となり、その結果、応力集中部における変形能が不足した。これは、Ac1~Ac1+20℃の温度域での加熱速度が大きすぎたからであると推定される。
比較例NN-55は、板厚方向の硬さの最大差が過剰となり、その結果、応力集中部における変形能が不足した。これは、Ac1~Ac1+20℃の温度域での加熱速度が小さすぎたからであると推定される。
比較例NN-56は、グラニュラーベイナイトが生成せず、さらにフェライトと接するマルテンサイトの割合が過剰となり、その結果、応力集中部における変形能が不足した。これは、480~580℃での停留時間が不足したからであると推定される。
比較例NN-57は、グラニュラーベイナイトが生成せず、さらにフェライトと接するマルテンサイトの割合が過剰となり、その結果、応力集中部における変形能が不足した。これは、500~630℃での停留時間が不足したからであると推定される。
比較例NN-58は、グラニュラーベイナイトが生成せず、さらにフェライトと接するマルテンサイトの割合が過剰となり、その結果、応力集中部における変形能が不足した。これは、500~630℃での停留時間が過剰であったからであると推定される。
比較例NN-59は、グラニュラーベイナイトが生成せず、さらにフェライトと接するマルテンサイトの割合が過剰となり、その結果、応力集中部における変形能が不足した。これは、480~580℃の温度範囲内、500~630℃の温度範囲での停留時間が設けられなかったからであると推定される。
表6-1及び表6-2に記載の化学組成を有する種々のスラブを材料とし、表7-1~表8-2に記載の種々の製造条件に従って、種々の鋼板を製造した。
表6-1及び表6-2において、スラブに添加されなかった元素の含有量は空白で示した。また、各スラブの成分の単位は質量%であり、その残部は鉄及び不純物であった。
最高加熱温度における温度保持時間は、全ての製造条件において10秒以上500秒以下の範囲内とした。また、冷間圧延時の圧下率は、全ての製造条件において、10~80%の範囲内とした。焼戻しが行われない製造条件における焼戻し温度及び焼戻し時間は空白で示した。めっきを有する場合は、溶融亜鉛めっき層、又は溶融亜鉛合金めっき層の何れかである。
鋼板に関し、発明範囲外の値、及び合否基準に満たなかった値には下線を付した。また、製造条件に関し、適切と考えられる範囲を外れた値には下線を付した。
鋼板の引張強さの評価は、長手方向が鋼板の圧延方向に直角となるように、JIS5B試験片を鋼板から採取し、JIS Z 2241:2011に準拠して引張試験を行うことにより実施した。引張強さが900MPa以上である鋼板を、引張強さに関して合格と判断した。
鋼板の伸びについては、通常の試験片によって測定された通常伸び(El1)、及び応力集中部が形成された試験片によって測定された加工部伸び(El2)の両方で評価した。鋼板の通常伸びEl1(全伸びEl)の評価は、引張強さの評価と同じく、長手方向が鋼板の圧延方向に直角となるように、JIS5B試験片を鋼板から採取し、JIS Z 2241:2011に準拠して引張試験を行うことにより実施した。通常伸びEl1が10.0%以上である鋼板を、伸びに関して合格と判断した。加工部伸びEl2の評価は、鋼板から採取されたJIS5B試験片の長手方向中央部に、図3に示すように半径R30の円形ノッチを付し、これに対して通常伸びの評価と同様に引張試験を行って全伸びを測定することにより行った。加工部伸びEl2を通常伸びEl1で割った値(El2/El1)が0.280を上回る鋼板を、応力集中部における変形能に関して合格と判断した。
鋼板の穴広げ性(λ)の評価は、JIS Z 2256:2010に準拠して穴広げ試験を行うことにより実施した。穴広げ性が25.0%以上である鋼板を、穴広げ性に関して合格と判断した。
鋼板の加工性の評価方法は、上記伸び、穴広げ性の下限値を満たし、さらに伸び×穴広げ性(El×λ)が300.0以上である鋼板を加工性に関して合格と判断した。
限界曲げ角度αは、VDA-238-100に準拠した曲げ試験により得られる最大荷重時の曲げ角度と定義する。曲げの閾値は、鋼板の厚さtを用いて得られる以下の式を満たすこととする。この閾値は、衝突時の曲げ変形に伴う割れを回避するために必要である。曲げの閾値が0以上である鋼板を、曲げ性に関して合格と判断した。
(曲げの閾値)=α-(7.96×t2-38.4×t+120)≧0
一方、比較例NA-32は、圧延荷重過大に加え、熱延板形状不良により熱延以降の試験が不可となった。これは、仕上圧延完了温度が低すぎたからであると考えられる。
比較例NA-33は、マルテンサイトが不足し、一方でフェライトと接するマルテンサイトの割合、及び板厚方向の硬さの最大差が過剰となり、その結果伸び、穴広げ性、加工性、及び応力集中部における変形能が不足し、且つ曲げの閾値も0未満となった。これは、仕上げ圧延から巻取までの冷却速度が遅いので、組織の不均一性が助長されたからであると推定される。
比較例NA-36は、フェライトと接するマルテンサイトの割合、及び板厚方向の硬さの最大差が過剰となり、その結果穴広げ性、加工性、及び応力集中部における変形能が不足し、且つ曲げの閾値も0未満となった。これは、巻き取り温度が高いため、組織の不均一性が助長されたからであると推定される。
比較例NA-37は、フェライトと接するマルテンサイトの割合が過剰となり、その結果穴広げ性、加工性、及び応力集中部における変形能が不足し、且つ曲げの閾値も0未満となった。これは、切り替え前の加熱速度が遅かったからであると推定される。
比較例NA-41は、フェライト量が過剰となり、その他の組織が不足し、その結果引張強さが不足した。これは、最高加熱温度が低いからであると推定される。
比較例NA-42は、フェライト量が少なく、一方マルテンサイト量が過剰であり、その結果伸びと加工性が損なわれた。これは、最高加熱温度が高いからであると推定される。
比較例NA-46は、フェライト量が過剰となり、マルテンサイト量が不足し、加工性が損なわれた。これは、580℃以上での冷却速度が不足したからであると推定される。
比較例NA-48は、グラニュラーベイナイトが生成せず、マルテンサイトが不足した一方で、ベイナイトが過剰となり、さらにフェライトと接するマルテンサイトの割合が過剰となった。その結果、穴広げ性、加工性、及び応力集中部における変形能が損なわれ、且つ曲げの閾値も0未満となった。これは、480℃以上580℃以下の停留時間が短かったからであると推定される。
比較例NA-49は、グラニュラーベイナイト量が過剰となり、マルテンサイト量が不足し、その結果引張強さが不足した。これは、480℃以上580℃以下の停留時間が長すぎたからであると推定される。
比較例NA-50は、Cが不足したので、マルテンサイトが不足して、引張強さが損なわれた。
比較例NA-51は、Cが過剰であったので、マルテンサイトが過剰となり、その他の組織が不足して、伸び、加工性、及び応力集中部における変形能が不足した。
比較例NA-52は、Si+Alが不足したので、グラニュラーベイナイトが不足する一方でベイナイトが過剰となり、加工性、及び応力集中部における変形能が不足した。
比較例NA-53は、Si+Alが過剰であったので、鋼板が脆化し、伸び及び加工性が不足した。
比較例NA-54は、Mn+Crが不足したので、フェライト量が過剰となる一方でマルテンサイトが不足して、引張強さが不足した。
比較例NA-55は、Mn+Crが過剰であったので、粗大なMn酸化物や硫化物が形成され、穴広げ性、加工性、及び応力集中部における変形能が劣化した。
比較例NA-56は、板厚方向の硬さの最大差が過剰となり、その結果、応力集中部における変形能が不足した。これは、加熱速度の切り替えが、低すぎる温度域で行われたからであると推定される。
比較例NA-57は、板厚方向の硬さの最大差が過剰となり、その結果、応力集中部における変形能が不足した。これは、加熱速度の切り替えが、高すぎる温度域で行われたからであると推定される。
比較例NA-58は、板厚方向の硬さの最大差が過剰となり、その結果、応力集中部における変形能が不足した。これは、Ac1~Ac1+20℃の温度域での加熱速度が大きすぎたからであると推定される。
比較例NA-59は、板厚方向の硬さの最大差が過剰となり、その結果、応力集中部における変形能が不足した。これは、Ac1~Ac1+20℃の温度域での加熱速度が小さすぎたからであると推定される。
比較例NA-60は、グラニュラーベイナイトが生成せず、さらにフェライトと接するマルテンサイトの割合が過剰となり、その結果、応力集中部における変形能が不足した。これは、480~580℃での停留時間が不足したからであると推定される。
比較例NA-61は、グラニュラーベイナイトが生成せず、さらにフェライトと接するマルテンサイトの割合が過剰となり、その結果、応力集中部における変形能が不足した。これは、500~630℃での停留時間が不足したからであると推定される。
比較例NA-62は、グラニュラーベイナイトが生成せず、さらにフェライトと接するマルテンサイトの割合が過剰となり、その結果、応力集中部における変形能が不足した。これは、500~630℃での停留時間が過剰であったからであると推定される。
比較例NA-63は、グラニュラーベイナイトが生成せず、さらにフェライトと接するマルテンサイトの割合が過剰となり、その結果、応力集中部における変形能が不足した。これは、480~580℃の温度範囲内、500~630℃の温度範囲での停留時間が設けられなかったからであると推定される。
2 ベイニティックフェライト
3 グラニュラーベイナイト
5 炭化物
6 上部ベイナイト
7 下部ベイナイト
Claims (5)
- 化学組成が、質量%で、
C:0.07%以上、0.15%以下、
Si+Al:0.20%以上、2.50%以下、
Mn+Cr:1.20%以上、4.00%以下、
P:0%以上、0.040%以下、
S:0%以上、0.010%以下、
N:0%以上、0.010%以下、
O:0%以上、0.006%以下、
Mo:0%以上、0.50%以下、
Ti:0%以上、0.20%以下、
Nb:0%以上、0.20%以下、
B:0%以上、0.010%以下、
V:0%以上、0.50%以下、
Cu:0%以上、1.00%以下、
W:0%以上、0.10%以下、
Ta:0%以上、0.10%以下、
Ni:0%以上、1.00%以下、
Sn:0%以上、0.050%以下、
Co:0%以上、0.50%以下、
Sb:0%以上、0.050%以下、
As:0%以上、0.050%以下、
Mg:0%以上、0.050%以下、
Ca:0%以上、0.040%以下、
Y:0%以上、0.050%以下、
Zr:0%以上、0.050%以下、
La:0%以上、0.050%以下、及び
Ce:0%以上、0.050%以下を含み、
残部がFe及び不純物からなり、
板厚1/4部における金属組織が、体積率で、
フェライト:10%以上、50%未満、
グラニュラーベイナイト:5%以上、40%未満、
マルテンサイト:30%以上、55%以下、
上部ベイナイトおよび下部ベイナイト:合計で30%未満、
パーライト:10%未満、及び
残留オーステナイト:5%未満からなり、
板厚1/4部において、前記フェライトと隣接する金属組織の個数に対する、前記フェライトと隣接する前記マルテンサイトの個数の割合が30%以下であり、
鋼板の表面から板厚方向に100μm深さの位置を起点として、板厚中心部位置まで30μm間隔で求めた荷重50gfのビッカース硬さの最大値と最小値との差が60HV以下である、鋼板。 - 前記化学組成が、質量%で、
Mo:0.01%以上、0.50%以下、
Ti:0.001%以上、0.20%以下、
Nb:0.0001%以上、0.20%以下、
B:0.0001%以上、0.010%以下、
V:0.001%以上、0.50%以下、
Cu:0.001%以上、1.00%以下、
W:0.001%以上、0.10%以下、
Ta:0.001%以上、0.10%以下、
Ni:0.001%以上、1.00%以下、
Sn:0.001%以上、0.050%以下、
Co:0.001%以上、0.50%以下、
Sb:0.001%以上、0.050%以下、
As:0.001%以上、0.050%以下、
Mg:0.0001%以上、0.050%以下、
Ca:0.001%以上、0.040%以下、
Y:0.001%以上、0.050%以下、
Zr:0.001%以上、0.050%以下、
La:0.001%以上、0.050%以下、及び
Ce:0.001%以上、0.050%以下
からなる群から選択される1種または2種以上を含有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の鋼板。 - 前記鋼板の前記表面から前記板厚方向に30μm深さの位置の、荷重0.29Nでのビッカース硬さHv30と、前記板厚1/4部の、荷重0.29Nでのビッカース硬さHviとの比Hv30/Hviが0.8以下であり、
引張強さが900MPa以上である
ことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の鋼板。 - 前記表面に溶融亜鉛めっき層又は溶融亜鉛合金めっき層を有することを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の鋼板。
- 前記表面に合金化溶融亜鉛めっき層を有することを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の鋼板。
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| US18/709,490 US20250305102A1 (en) | 2022-01-21 | 2022-01-21 | Steel sheet |
| MX2024006182A MX2024006182A (es) | 2022-01-21 | 2022-01-21 | Lamina de acero. |
| CN202280077204.8A CN118302554A (zh) | 2022-01-21 | 2022-01-21 | 钢板 |
| EP22921909.2A EP4467671A4 (en) | 2022-01-21 | 2022-01-21 | Steel sheet |
| KR1020247017886A KR102898291B1 (ko) | 2022-01-21 | 2022-01-21 | 강판 |
| PCT/JP2022/002202 WO2023139752A1 (ja) | 2022-01-21 | 2022-01-21 | 鋼板 |
| JP2023574999A JP7680700B2 (ja) | 2022-01-21 | 2022-01-21 | 鋼板 |
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| JPH0711383A (ja) | 1993-06-28 | 1995-01-13 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 疲労特性に優れた複合組織鋼板 |
| JPH07207413A (ja) | 1994-01-12 | 1995-08-08 | Nippon Steel Corp | 加工性に優れた引張強さ45〜65kgf/mm2 の高強度複合組織冷延鋼板とその製造方法 |
| JP2616350B2 (ja) | 1992-08-07 | 1997-06-04 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | 超高張力冷延鋼板およびその製造方法 |
| WO2018051402A1 (ja) | 2016-09-13 | 2018-03-22 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 鋼板 |
| WO2018138898A1 (ja) | 2017-01-30 | 2018-08-02 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 鋼板 |
| WO2018142450A1 (ja) * | 2017-01-31 | 2018-08-09 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 鋼板 |
| CN112159924A (zh) * | 2020-09-09 | 2021-01-01 | 邯郸钢铁集团有限责任公司 | 一种低硬度高强度高级别管线钢及其生产方法 |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MX373564B (es) * | 2011-09-30 | 2020-05-08 | Nippon Steel Corp Star | Lámina de acero galvanizada por inmersión en caliente, de alta resistencia, y lámina de acero galvanizada por inmersión en caliente, aleada, de alta resistencia, que tiene excelente formabilidad y pequeña anisotropía del material, con resistencia a la tracción máxima de 980 mpa o más método de fabricación de las mismas. |
| US9896737B2 (en) * | 2014-07-14 | 2018-02-20 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Hot-rolled steel sheet |
| CN113614256B (zh) * | 2019-04-11 | 2023-03-21 | 日本制铁株式会社 | 钢板及其制造方法 |
-
2022
- 2022-01-21 EP EP22921909.2A patent/EP4467671A4/en active Pending
- 2022-01-21 CN CN202280077204.8A patent/CN118302554A/zh active Pending
- 2022-01-21 KR KR1020247017886A patent/KR102898291B1/ko active Active
- 2022-01-21 JP JP2023574999A patent/JP7680700B2/ja active Active
- 2022-01-21 US US18/709,490 patent/US20250305102A1/en active Pending
- 2022-01-21 WO PCT/JP2022/002202 patent/WO2023139752A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2022-01-21 MX MX2024006182A patent/MX2024006182A/es unknown
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| JP2616350B2 (ja) | 1992-08-07 | 1997-06-04 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | 超高張力冷延鋼板およびその製造方法 |
| JPH0711383A (ja) | 1993-06-28 | 1995-01-13 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 疲労特性に優れた複合組織鋼板 |
| JPH07207413A (ja) | 1994-01-12 | 1995-08-08 | Nippon Steel Corp | 加工性に優れた引張強さ45〜65kgf/mm2 の高強度複合組織冷延鋼板とその製造方法 |
| WO2018051402A1 (ja) | 2016-09-13 | 2018-03-22 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 鋼板 |
| WO2018138898A1 (ja) | 2017-01-30 | 2018-08-02 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 鋼板 |
| WO2018142450A1 (ja) * | 2017-01-31 | 2018-08-09 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 鋼板 |
| CN112159924A (zh) * | 2020-09-09 | 2021-01-01 | 邯郸钢铁集团有限责任公司 | 一种低硬度高强度高级别管线钢及其生产方法 |
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| KITAJIMA ET AL.: "Identification of ferrite and granular bainite using electron channeling contrast image", CAMP-ISIJ, vol. 26, 2013, pages 896, XP009515411 |
| See also references of EP4467671A4 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20250305102A1 (en) | 2025-10-02 |
| MX2024006182A (es) | 2024-06-03 |
| KR102898291B1 (ko) | 2025-12-11 |
| EP4467671A1 (en) | 2024-11-27 |
| JP7680700B2 (ja) | 2025-05-21 |
| JPWO2023139752A1 (ja) | 2023-07-27 |
| EP4467671A4 (en) | 2025-03-12 |
| CN118302554A (zh) | 2024-07-05 |
| KR20240097894A (ko) | 2024-06-27 |
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