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WO2023138134A1 - Dispositif de système auto-adaptatif de chargement de panier et de collecte de patates douces pour la récolte de patates douces comprenant un mécanisme de chute de patates douces - Google Patents

Dispositif de système auto-adaptatif de chargement de panier et de collecte de patates douces pour la récolte de patates douces comprenant un mécanisme de chute de patates douces Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023138134A1
WO2023138134A1 PCT/CN2022/127002 CN2022127002W WO2023138134A1 WO 2023138134 A1 WO2023138134 A1 WO 2023138134A1 CN 2022127002 W CN2022127002 W CN 2022127002W WO 2023138134 A1 WO2023138134 A1 WO 2023138134A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
potato
basket
adaptive
sweet
harvesting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2022/127002
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
胡良龙
鲍国丞
王公仆
徐效伟
王冰
彭宝良
陈文明
吴稳
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture
Original Assignee
Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture filed Critical Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture
Priority to KR1020237021067A priority Critical patent/KR20230119151A/ko
Publication of WO2023138134A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023138134A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D33/00—Accessories for digging harvesters
    • A01D33/10—Crop collecting devices, with or without weighing apparatus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D17/00—Digging machines with sieving and conveying mechanisms
    • A01D17/10—Digging machines with sieving and conveying mechanisms with smooth conveyor belts, lath bands or rake bands
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D33/00—Accessories for digging harvesters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a sweet potato harvesting adaptive potato basket loading system device with a potato dropping mechanism.
  • Sweet potato also known as sweet potato, sweet potato, sweet potato, sweet potato, etc.
  • Sweet potato is a tuber plant that bears fruit under the soil. It has the characteristics of large size and heavy weight, and its thin skin is easy to scratch and damage, which is not conducive to the storage of fresh potatoes and seed potatoes and the sale of commercial potatoes.
  • sweet potato lumps will inevitably collide with objects such as machine conveying separation parts, soil blocks, and potato collection containers during mechanized harvesting or collection and storage of potatoes, resulting in mechanical damage. Therefore, when digging and harvesting sweet potatoes, it is necessary to minimize the impact and collision of the fruit, and innovation and optimization of the device structure are required, otherwise serious damage will be caused, which will affect the commerciality and lead to economic losses.
  • the existing combine harvesters in production are basically traction and self-propelled single-row operation equipment.
  • the potato collection mechanism of this type of machinery adopts the means of side conveying or direct bagging and basket loading. The potato pieces fall directly into the container from the higher conveying mechanism, and many potato pieces are dropped or bruised. The degree of automation is low and the damage rate is high. Since the sweet potato skin is more likely to be damaged, there is a higher requirement for the height of the potato falling of the sweet potato collecting device.
  • patent CN107416264A provides a fruit basket loading device, which has a vertical transmission mechanism, a rotation mechanism, a lifting mechanism and a fruit box, and the rotation mechanism is installed below the vertical transmission mechanism.
  • the vertical transmission mechanism comprises a vertical conveyor belt 5 on which an inclined partition is installed.
  • the fruit is caught by the inclined partition, and the fruit is conveyed downward to the lower end of the vertical transmission mechanism, and the fruit is poured out, and the rotating mechanism distributes the fruit evenly into the fruit box.
  • the patent scheme is equipped with a detection mechanism for the fruit accumulation plane.
  • the fruit accumulation plane in the fruit box rises, causing the rotating frame to receive an upward thrust, together with the center block and the spline shaft, moving upward.
  • the rotating frame contacts the movable sloping plate, causing the movable sloping plate to rotate against the tension of the tension spring and its own gravity.
  • the proximity switch is triggered to generate a detection signal, and the controller controls the vertical transmission mechanism to rise as a whole.
  • Patent CN111099051A discloses a fruit intelligent basket loading device, which also adopts a similar structural layout to the above-mentioned patent solution.
  • a detection mechanism is also provided.
  • the detection mechanism consists of a bracket 56, a rotating shaft 57, a tendon soft door curtain 58 and a micro switch 8. It also has the same problems as the above-mentioned patent solution.
  • patents with similar structures include CN109051034A and CN108082879A. In these two patent schemes, the part corresponding to the inclined partition in the patent CN107416264A is changed to flexible rubber fingers and brushes. These two materials have the problems of easy aging and wear, and the service life is low.
  • Patent CN109911285A discloses an orderly automatic fruit basket loading device, which uses a fruit tray to replace the above-mentioned inclined partitions. In addition, it includes an x/y-axis moving mechanism for moving the fruit box on the X and Y axes to move the fruit box during the basket loading process, so that the basket is evenly loaded.
  • the x/y-axis moving mechanism is a multi-layer structure driven by double conveyor belts, which has a complex structure and takes up a large volume.
  • Patent CN201660152U and patent CN108327966A also adopt similar uniaxial or biaxial material basket moving structure.
  • the technical solution of the present invention takes the technical problem of the above-mentioned aspect (1) as the main technical problem.
  • the present invention provides a sweet potato harvesting adaptive potato basket loading system device with a potato falling mechanism that can reduce the falling height of sweet potatoes and reduce the damage of sweet potatoes.
  • the sweet potato harvesting self-adaptive potato basketting system device with a potato dropping mechanism of the present invention includes a potato dropping mechanism, a machine base, a lifting seat, a lifting drive device, a detection unit and a basket moving device, the potato dropping mechanism and the detection unit are installed on the lifting base, and the lifting driving device drives the lifting base to perform lifting movement relative to the base;
  • the potato falling mechanism includes a vertical conveying unit on which a plurality of potato pallets are equidistantly installed, and the vertical conveying unit is driven by a conveying motor;
  • the potato receiving plate is rotatably installed relative to the vertical conveying unit
  • the downwardly moving potato pallets are in the unfolded state; the upwardly moving potato pallets are all in the drooping storage state;
  • a V-shaped sweet potato receiving groove is formed between the potato receiving plate and the vertical conveying unit.
  • the moving device for the material basket includes a base body, on which four sets of conveying mechanisms are symmetrically installed, the conveying directions of each of the conveying mechanisms are inclined, and the four sets of conveying mechanisms are arranged in an X shape.
  • the detection unit is a distance sensor.
  • the loading basket mechanism includes a basket storage bin and a basket transfer mechanism, and the basket transfer mechanism is used to sequentially transfer the baskets in the basket storage bin to the basket moving device.
  • the potato receiving plate includes a main body and a support part; in the unfolded state, the support part abuts against the vertical conveying unit, so that the sweet potato receiving groove is formed between the main body and the vertical conveying unit.
  • the potato pallet is connected to the vertical conveying unit through a hinged plate;
  • the potato receiving plate is rotatably installed relative to the hinged plate, and the hinged plate is fixed on the vertical conveying unit.
  • the conveying mechanism includes a conveying wheel and a conveying motor.
  • a plurality of baskets can be stacked in the basket storage bin, guide strips and damping strips are installed on the sides of the basket storage bin; the guide strips and damping strips both extend in the vertical direction, and the pressure of the damping strips on the baskets can be adjusted; a blocking device is installed on the side of the basket storage bin.
  • a basket unloading device is also included, and the basket unloading device is connected to the basket moving device.
  • the potato supporting plate by hinge-joining the potato supporting plate on the vertical conveying unit, if the sweet potato on the potato supporting plate falls and then touches the sweet potato in the feeding basket, the potato supporting plate can be overturned without causing damage to the sweet potatoes.
  • the lower end of the potato dropping mechanism and the potato surface in the material basket do not need to leave a large space for giving way, and the potato supporting plate is in a drooping state during the return journey, and the potato dropping mechanism can be closer to the edge of the material basket;
  • the conveying mechanism in an X-shaped layout can make the baskets move back and forth and left and right to cooperate with the basket loading, and the structure is simple and compact;
  • the detection unit is a distance sensor, which is more convenient and lower in cost for detecting the height of potato noodles; in the preferred solution, it also includes a loading basket mechanism, and the basket storage bin of the loading basket mechanism can store multiple baskets, which can automatically change baskets after they are full without stopping the machine to change baskets, which can improve efficiency.
  • Fig. 1 is the front view of the sweet potato harvesting adaptive potato basket loading system device with a potato falling mechanism
  • Figure 2 is a side view of the sweet potato harvesting adaptive potato basket loading system device with a potato falling mechanism (not including the basket storage bin);
  • Fig. 3 is the front view of falling potato mechanism
  • Fig. 4 is the stereogram of falling potato mechanism
  • Fig. 5 is the sectional view of falling potato mechanism
  • Fig. 6 is the structural diagram of connecting potato supporting plate
  • Fig. 7 is the combined structural diagram of connecting potato supporting plate and hinged plate
  • Figure 8 is a combination diagram of the basket moving device and the basket unloading device
  • Fig. 9 is a structural diagram of the basket storage bin
  • Fig. 10 is a structural diagram of a sweet potato harvester with a sweet potato harvesting adaptive potato basket loading system device.
  • a-sweet potato holding tank 1-potato falling mechanism; 11-vertical conveying unit; 111-conveying chain; 112-cross bar; 12-connecting potato pallet; 121-main body; -seat body; 62-conveying mechanism; 621-conveying wheel; 622-conveying motor; 7-loading basket mechanism; 71-basket storage bin; 72-basket transfer mechanism; 73-blocking device;
  • the sweet potato harvesting adaptive potato basketting system device with a potato dropping mechanism (hereinafter referred to as: basket loading system device) includes a potato dropping mechanism 1, a machine base 2, a lifting seat 3, a lifting drive device 4, a detection unit 5, and a basket moving device 6.
  • the potato dropping mechanism 1 and the detection unit 5 are installed on the lifting base 3, and the lifting drive device 4 drives the lifting base 3 to move up and down relative to the base 2;
  • the potato dropping mechanism 1 includes a vertical conveying unit 11, on which a plurality of potato receiving pallets 12 are equidistantly installed, and the vertical conveying unit 11 is driven by a conveying motor 14 to operate; the difference compared with the prior art is that the potato receiving pallets 12 are rotated and installed relative to the vertical conveying unit 11; 12 and the vertical conveying unit 11 form a V-shaped sweet potato accommodating groove a.
  • the potato receiving plate 12 includes a main body portion 121 and a supporting portion 122; in the expanded state, the potato receiving plate 12 is inclined upward, and the supporting portion 122 is attached to the vertical conveying unit 11, so that a sweet potato receiving groove is formed between the main body 121 and the vertical conveying unit 11.
  • the potato receiving plate 12 is connected to the vertical conveying unit 11 through the hinge plate 13 , and the combined structure of the potato receiving plate 12 and the hinge plate 13 is shown in FIG. 7 .
  • the vertical conveying unit 11 includes two sets of conveying chains 111 arranged in parallel and a plurality of cross bars 112 overlapping between the two sets of conveying chains 111 .
  • the vertical conveying unit 11 has a reliable structure and a long service life.
  • the above-mentioned cross bar 112 is used to install the potato supporting plate 12 on the one hand, and the above-mentioned hinged plate 13 is fixed on the cross bar 112; on the other hand, it is used to block sweet potatoes and maintain the state of the potato supporting plate 12. 12 is in contact with the support portion 122 to keep the main body portion 121 in a state of being inclined upward.
  • the above-mentioned conveyor chain 111 can be replaced by a conveyor belt.
  • the form of the above-mentioned vertical conveying unit 11 can also be a belt, a synchronous belt, etc.
  • the above-mentioned hinged plate 13 is fixed on the belt or synchronous belt, and when the potato supporting plate 12 is in the unfolded state, the support portion 122 is in contact with the belt or synchronous belt.
  • the sweet potato receiving groove a is formed by the belt or synchronous belt and the main body 121.
  • the above-mentioned potato dropping mechanism 1 has the following advantages: First, it can reduce the height of potato falling and reduce the damage of sweet potatoes. Since the potato supporting plate 12 is rotatable, after it moves to the bottom of the vertical conveying unit 11, if the potato supporting plate 12 contacts the upper surface of potatoes in the basket, the potato supporting plate 12 will rotate to prevent damage to the sweet potatoes. 1. In CN108082879A, rubber strips, brushes and other flexible materials are used to replace the potato pallets.
  • the scheme of the present application is obviously not easy to wear and has high durability; secondly, because the upwardly moving potato pallets 12 are in a drooping storage state, therefore, the upwardly moving potato pallets 12 do not need to take up extra space, and the potato dropping mechanism 1 can drop potatoes closer to the edge of the basket, which is more conducive to the even delivery of sweet potatoes; 1 Compared with the belt structure adopted in the prior art mentioned in the background art, the structure is more reliable and the service life is longer.
  • the above-mentioned lifting drive device 4 includes a lifting drive part 41, a lifting wheel 42 and a pulling part 43.
  • One end of the pulling part 43 is fixed on the base 2, and the other end is fixed on the lifting seat 3.
  • the lifting driving part 41 drives the lifting wheel 42 for lifting movement, and the pulling part 43 bypasses the lifting wheel 42.
  • the above structure uses the moving pulley principle to make the movement displacement of the lifting base 3 twice the displacement of the lifting wheel 42, so that the lifting driving part 41 with a smaller stroke can be selected to save costs and reduce installation space.
  • the lifting drive part 41 , the lifting wheel 42 and the pulling part 43 are electric push rods (or hydraulic cylinders), sprockets and chains, respectively.
  • the above-mentioned basket moving device 6 includes a base body 61 on which four sets of conveying mechanisms 62 are symmetrically installed.
  • the conveying directions of each conveying mechanism 62 are inclined, and the four sets of conveying mechanisms 62 are in an X-shaped layout.
  • the conveying mechanism 62 includes a conveying wheel 621 and a conveying motor 622 .
  • the basket moving device 6 has a simple structure, takes up little space, has high reliability and low failure rate.
  • the bottom of the material basket is in contact with the four conveying wheels 621 respectively.
  • the conveying wheels 621 rotate, their contact points with the material basket exert oblique frictional force on the bottom of the material basket.
  • the friction force of the two conveying wheels 621 of each pair of conveying mechanism 62 has respectively leftward and rightward component forces to the bottom of the material basket. has a component in the direction of the target).
  • the structure is easy to control, and the baskets can be moved in different directions by adjusting the forward and reverse combinations of the four conveying motors 622 .
  • the basket loading system device further includes a loading basket mechanism 7, and the loading basket mechanism 7 includes a basket storage bin 71 and a basket transfer mechanism 72, and the basket transfer mechanism 72 is used to sequentially transfer the baskets in the basket storage bin 71 to the basket moving device 6.
  • the basket transfer mechanism 72 is a conveyor chain or a conveyor belt.
  • the basket storage bin 71 is a frame structure, in which a plurality of bins can be stacked.
  • Guide strips 74 and damping strips 75 are installed on the sides of the basket storage bin 71; the guide strips 74 and the damping strips 75 extend vertically, and the pressure of the damping strips 75 on the baskets can be adjusted.
  • the damping strips 75 are connected to the basket storage bin 71 by screws. 5.
  • the frictional force of the pair of feed baskets can make the feed basket move downward without great impact; the side of the feed basket storage bin 71 is equipped with a blocking device 73, which can be switched between blocking and releasing states.
  • the number of blocking devices 73 is two groups, and the two groups of blocking devices 73 are placed up and down.
  • the blocking device 73 is in the blocking state, and the blocking device 73 is switched to the release state to release the lowermost material basket to the material basket transfer mechanism 72. After the material basket transfer mechanism 72 has transferred the lowermost material basket, the lower blocking device 73 is switched to the blocking state, and the upper blocking device 73 is switched to the releasing state. Reciprocating in this way, the material baskets can be separated one by one.
  • the basket loading system device also includes a basket unloading device 10 , and the basket unloading device 10 is connected to the basket moving device 6 .
  • the basket unloading device 10 is a roller line placed obliquely, and the baskets are output by their own gravity.
  • the above-mentioned detection unit 5 is a distance sensor, based on this, the adaptive basket loading method based on the above-mentioned basket loading system device includes the following steps:
  • Step 1) controlling the basket transfer mechanism 72 to transfer a basket in the basket storage bin 71 to the basket moving device 6;
  • Step 2) control the operation of the vertical conveying unit 11 so that the lower end of the vertical conveying unit 11 extends into the basket placed on the basket moving device 6;
  • Step 3 control the operation of the potato dropping mechanism 1, and load the baskets;
  • Step 4 according to the collected data of the detection unit 5, it is judged whether the height of the potato noodles in the material basket exceeds the preset threshold value, and if so, the operation of the material basket moving device 6 is controlled to move the material basket forward and backward or left and right, or the operation of the lifting drive device 4 is controlled to make the potato dropping mechanism 1 rise.
  • a plurality of loading points can be set in advance for the baskets.
  • the potato dropping mechanism 1 is at each height position.
  • the basket moving device 6 is controlled to place the next loading point below the potato dropping mechanism 1 until the potato surface heights corresponding to all the basket loading points exceed the preset threshold.
  • the distance sensor is used to detect the height of the potato surface. Compared with the method of detecting the height of the potato surface by using a complex mechanical structure in the prior art listed in the background art, the response is faster, and the sweet potato will not be accidentally injured, and the basket loading efficiency can be improved.
  • the above-mentioned basket loading system device can be applied to carry out sweet potato basket loading at a fixed position.
  • the basket loading system device is used for mobile basket loading on the sweet potato harvester.
  • FIG 10 it is a structural diagram of a sweet potato harvester with a basket loading system device.
  • the sweet potato harvester includes a harvesting system 8, and the basket loading system device is connected to the harvesting system 8 through a cleaning and conveying platform 9.
  • the sweet potato harvester also has a pushing basket mechanism 20 acting on the material frame.
  • the pushing mechanism 20 is used to push the basket full of sweet potatoes away from the basket moving device 6
  • the basket is moved to the basket unloading device 10.
  • the basket pushing mechanism 20 is an electric push rod or a hydraulic cylinder.
  • the above-mentioned sweet potato harvester can harvest sweet potatoes while carrying out basket loading operation, and manually clean the sweet potatoes transported by the cleaning and conveying platform 9 next to the cleaning and conveying platform 9 to remove sundries and sweet potatoes that do not meet the requirements.
  • the cleaning conveying platform 9 is made up of two sections of conveyor belts.
  • the potato falling mechanism 1 is placed at the end of the conveyor belt at the rear end, and the sweet potatoes output from the conveying end fall into the sweet potato receiving groove a on the potato falling mechanism 1 and are conveyed downward by the potato falling mechanism 1 for loading into baskets.
  • the rear end conveyer belt of cleaning delivery platform 9 stops action, plays the effect of temporarily storing potato pieces.
  • the cleaning delivery platform 9 continues to send potatoes.
  • the potato supporting plate by hinge-joining the potato supporting plate on the vertical conveying unit, if the sweet potato on the potato supporting plate falls and then touches the sweet potatoes in the basket, the potato supporting plate can be turned over without causing damage to the sweet potatoes.
  • the moving device for the material basket includes four sets of conveying mechanisms in an X-shaped layout, which can make the material basket move back and forth and left and right to cooperate with the loading of the basket.
  • the structure is simple and compact, and solves the technical problem of item (2) in the background technology; Changing the basket after stopping the machine can improve the efficiency and solve the technical problem (4) in the background technology.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Harvesting Machines For Root Crops (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de système auto-adaptatif de chargement de panier et de collecte de patates douces pour la récolte de patates douces ayant un mécanisme de chute de patates douces, le dispositif comprenant un mécanisme de chute de patates douces (1), une base (2), une base de levage/abaissement (3), un dispositif d'entraînement de levage/abaissement (4), une unité de détection (5), un dispositif de déplacement de panier de matériau (6), etc. Le mécanisme de chute de patates douces (1) comprend une unité de transport verticale (11) et des plaques de support de réception de patates douces (12) articulées sur celle-ci. Le dispositif de déplacement de panier de matériau (6) comprend quatre groupes de mécanismes de transport (62) agencés selon une disposition en forme de X, et les quatre groupes de mécanismes de transport (62) peuvent amener un panier de matériau à se déplacer vers l'avant et vers l'arrière, vers la gauche et vers la droite pour s'adapter au chargement de panier. L'unité de détection (5) est un capteur de distance. Le dispositif peut en outre comprendre un mécanisme de panier d'alimentation (7), et un bac de stockage de panier de matériau du mécanisme de panier d'alimentation (7) peut stocker une pluralité de paniers de matériau. Le dispositif présente une structure compacte, un faible coût et une efficacité élevée.
PCT/CN2022/127002 2022-01-18 2022-10-24 Dispositif de système auto-adaptatif de chargement de panier et de collecte de patates douces pour la récolte de patates douces comprenant un mécanisme de chute de patates douces Ceased WO2023138134A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1020237021067A KR20230119151A (ko) 2022-01-18 2022-10-24 고구마 수확에 사용되고 낙하 기구를 구비한 맞춤형 집합 및 바스켓 적재 시스템 장치

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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CN202210052334.8A CN114375675A (zh) 2022-01-18 2022-01-18 一种带落薯机构的甘薯收获自适应集薯装筐系统装置
CN202210052334.8 2022-01-18

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WO2023138134A1 true WO2023138134A1 (fr) 2023-07-27

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KR (1) KR20230119151A (fr)
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WO (1) WO2023138134A1 (fr)

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EP2016819A1 (fr) * 2007-07-20 2009-01-21 Grimme Landmaschinenfabrik GmbH & Co. KG Machine de récolte de pommes de terre
CN203537830U (zh) * 2013-04-16 2014-04-16 甘肃农业大学 袋装式薯类联合收获机
CN105144965A (zh) * 2015-09-13 2015-12-16 哈尔滨东金沃尔科技有限公司 牵引式马铃薯收获机
KR101738942B1 (ko) * 2016-11-15 2017-05-29 정다운 구근류 수확장치
CN108966797A (zh) * 2018-10-15 2018-12-11 山东农业大学 一种多行大蒜联合收获机
CN111937559A (zh) * 2020-09-04 2020-11-17 山东理工大学 智能马铃薯收获机清土除杂减损集薯系统
CN214338673U (zh) * 2020-12-30 2021-10-08 石家庄正禾机械设备有限公司 一种土豆红薯全自动收获机器人
CN114375675A (zh) * 2022-01-18 2022-04-22 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 一种带落薯机构的甘薯收获自适应集薯装筐系统装置

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