WO2023135396A1 - Procede de pilotage et protection d'un reseau de distribution electrique pour charges propulsives d'aeronef - Google Patents
Procede de pilotage et protection d'un reseau de distribution electrique pour charges propulsives d'aeronef Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023135396A1 WO2023135396A1 PCT/FR2023/050049 FR2023050049W WO2023135396A1 WO 2023135396 A1 WO2023135396 A1 WO 2023135396A1 FR 2023050049 W FR2023050049 W FR 2023050049W WO 2023135396 A1 WO2023135396 A1 WO 2023135396A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- rank
- electrical
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- line
- distribution network
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for DC mains or DC distribution networks
- H02J1/08—Three-wire systems; Systems having more than three wires
- H02J1/084—Three-wire systems; Systems having more than three wires for selectively connecting the load or loads to one or several among a plurality of power lines or power sources
- H02J1/086—Three-wire systems; Systems having more than three wires for selectively connecting the load or loads to one or several among a plurality of power lines or power sources for providing alternative feeding paths between load or loads and source or sources when the main path fails
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D2221/00—Electric power distribution systems onboard aircraft
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
- H02J2310/44—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for aircrafts
Definitions
- This disclosure falls within the field of methods for controlling and protecting electrical distribution networks for aircraft propellant charges.
- the batteries are connected in parallel to the high voltage direct current network (HVDC).
- HVDC high voltage direct current network
- the voltages between the different batteries are balanced so that the batteries supply the different loads in a shared manner.
- the propulsion charges are powered by the remaining batteries. This makes it possible to size the batteries as closely as possible to nominal operation, and thus to optimize the mass of the batteries.
- the electrical distribution network also becomes more integrated because the distribution box associates several loads with several batteries.
- the second consequence is linked to the nature of the distributed distribution architecture. Indeed, unlike a segregated distribution architecture, which does not propagate the consequences of a short-circuit to the entire propulsion network, in this type of architecture, the network voltage seen by all the motors will collapse for a sufficiently long period to cause the unacceptable loss of propulsion of the aircraft, all the motors linked to the bus no longer being powered due to automatic protection linked to an excessively low bus voltage level.
- a method for controlling and protecting an electrical distribution network for aircraft propellant charges is proposed.
- the aircraft carries a number N of electrical sources and a number N of propellant charges.
- the aircraft also embeds the electrical distribution network.
- the electrical distribution network comprises a number N of high voltage direct current (HVDC) power supply channels.
- Each channel has a rank j between 1 and N.
- Each channel has an input power line, a rank j HVDC distribution bus and an output power line.
- the input power line is connected to the output power line through the HVDC distribution bus.
- Each rank j channel comprises at least one protection element and one switching device on the input electrical line and one protection element and one switching device on the output electrical line.
- the input power line is electrically connected to an electrical source and the output power line is electrically connected to a propellant charge.
- Each row j distribution bus is further coupled to the row j+1 distribution bus via a semiconductor power controller (SSPC) which is closed in a nominal configuration of the power supply network. electrical distribution, so that in nominal configuration, the electrical power distribution network is capable of distributing to the propelling charges the electrical power received from the N electrical sources.
- SSPC semiconductor power controller
- the method comprises:
- the method is capable of being implemented when the aircraft is in flight and on the ground.
- This method is particularly advantageous in that it makes it possible to switch from a distributed electrical architecture to a temporary segregated electrical architecture for the time required to reconfigure the distributed electrical architecture after isolation of the electrical fault.
- the method has the double advantage of protecting the components of the electrical network and of preventing the propagation of a fault which could lead to the total loss of the propulsion system.
- the electrical input line is electrically connected to the electrical source by an input connection
- the method further comprises, upon detection that the short -circuit intervenes on a channel of rank k, the detection that the short-circuit occurs on the input connection of the channel of rank k.
- the switching device of the rank k channel which is open is then that of the electrical input line of the rank k channel.
- the reconfiguration of the distribution network is then controlled towards a first final degraded configuration, in which all the SSPCs are closed and the switching device of the input electrical line of the rank k channel remains open.
- the method further comprises, in response to the detection that the short-circuit occurs on the rank k channel, the temporary opening of the switching member of the output electric line of said rank k channel, said switching member of the output electric line of the rank k channel being closed in the first final degraded configuration.
- the electrical output line is electrically connected to the propellant charge by an output connection.
- the method further comprises, upon detection that the short-circuit occurs on a channel of rank k, the detection that the short-circuit occurs on the output connection of the channel of rank k.
- the switching device of the rank k channel which is open is then that of the electrical output line of said rank k channel.
- the reconfiguration of the distribution network is then controlled towards a second final degraded configuration, in which all the SSPCs are closed and said switching device of the electrical output line of said channel of rank k is open.
- the aircraft embeds, for each channel of rank j, a second propellant charge, the electrical output line being a first electrical output line, the propellant charge being a first propellant charge, the connection output being a first output connection, each channel of rank j further comprising a second electrical output line connected to the HVDC distribution bus of rank j, the second electrical output line comprising a protection element and a switching device, the second output electrical line being electrically connected to the second propellant charge by a second output connection.
- the method further comprises, upon detection that the short-circuit occurs on said first output connection of the rank k channel, the temporary opening of the switching member of the second line electrical output of said channel of rank k, said switching device of the second electrical output line of the channel of rank k being closed in the second final degraded configuration.
- the distribution network further comprises an inter-bus electrical switch, the rank 1 HVDC distribution bus and the rank N HVDC distribution bus being connected via the inter-bus electrical switch.
- -bus which is open in the nominal configuration of the electrical distribution network.
- the method further comprises, upon detection that the short-circuit occurs on a rank k channel, the detection that the short-circuit occurs on the rank k distribution bus, the channel switching member of rank k which is open is then that of the electrical input line of said channel of rank k.
- the reconfiguration of the distribution network is then controlled towards a third final degraded configuration, in which said switching device of the rank k channel remains open and
- the network can redistribute electrical energy between the non-isolated channels after isolation of the rank k channel.
- the method further comprises the non-temporary opening of the electrical output line switching member of said rank k channel, said electrical output line switching member remaining open in the third final degraded configuration.
- the method further comprises the non-temporary opening of the switching member of the second electrical output line of the channel of rank k, said switching member of the second electrical output line remaining open in the third final degraded configuration. Thanks to these characteristics, the electrical source and the propelling charges of the faulty rank k channel are isolated.
- HVDC high voltage direct current
- Each channel has a rank j between 1 and N, each channel has an input power line, a rank j HVDC distribution bus and an output power line.
- the input power line is connected to the output power line through the HVDC distribution bus.
- Each channel comprises at least one protective element and one switching device on the input electrical line and one protective element and one switching device on the electrical output line.
- the electrical input line is capable of being electrically connected to an electrical source and the electrical output line is capable of being electrically connected to one or more propellant charges.
- Each rank j HVDC distribution bus is further coupled to the rank j+1 HVDC distribution bus via a semiconductor power controller (SSPC) which is closed in a nominal configuration of the electrical distribution network.
- SSPC semiconductor power controller
- the electrical power distribution network is capable of distributing to the propelling charges the electrical power received from the N electrical sources.
- the electrical power distribution network is also capable of being reconfigured in the event of a short-circuit on a rank k channel according to an intermediate degraded configuration in which the SSPCs are open, so that the channels are electrically isolated from each other.
- the electrical power distribution network is also capable of opening at least one switching member of the rank k channel.
- the electrical power distribution network is also capable of being reconfigured according to a final degraded configuration, in which at least the HVDC distribution buses of a rank other than rank k are recoupled to each other and said at least one member of the rank k channel remains open.
- a global network supervision circuit as described above comprising electronic cards configured to execute instructions for the implementation of all or part of the method as defined above , in particular to control the opening of SSPCs and switching devices.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram of an example of a reconfigurable electrical distribution network, in a nominal configuration.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram of a general control process for the network in Figure 1 in the event of the occurrence of an electrical fault.
- FIG. 3 shows the network of Figure 1 in an intermediate degraded configuration.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram of the network of Figure 1 on which fault zones have been defined.
- FIG. 5 is a more detailed diagram of the control method of Figure 5 in which different branches of the method correspond to the different fault zones defined in Figure 4.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram of the network of Figure 1 in which a fault appears on a first zone.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram of the network of Figure 6 reconfigured in the intermediate degraded configuration.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram of the network of Figure 6 during a later stage of the piloting process of Figure 5.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram of the network of Figure 6 reconfigured in a first final degraded configuration.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram of the network of Figure 1 in which a fault appears on a second zone.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram of the network of Figure 10 reconfigured in the intermediate degraded configuration.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram of the network of Figure 10 during a later step of the piloting method of Figure 5.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram of the network of Figure 10 reconfigured in a second final degraded configuration.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram of the network of Figure 1 in which a fault appears on a third zone.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram of the network of Figure 14 reconfigured in the intermediate degraded configuration.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram of the network of Figure 14 during a later stage of the piloting process of Figure 5.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram of the network of Figure 14 reconfigured in a third final degraded configuration.
- any electrical connection element in the open position will be represented by a rectangle comprising a cross, while the same element in the closed position will be represented by the rectangle alone.
- a propulsion system for an aircraft comprises an electrical distribution network 1, a set of electrical sources 2 and a set of propellant charges 3.
- the propellant charges 3 are electric motors.
- Figure 1 shows such an electrical distribution network 1 whose purpose is to efficiently distribute the electrical energy from the set of electrical sources 2 to the set of propellant charges 3 in an aircraft in flight, by example an airplane.
- the network 1 is represented in a nominal configuration.
- Nominal configuration means a normal configuration, in the absence of an electrical fault such as a short circuit, during flight of the aircraft.
- Channels 4 are high voltage direct current (HVDC) power supply channels. As illustrated, each channel 4 has a rank j, where j can be equal to 1, 2 or 3. Each channel 4 has an input power line 5, a distribution bus 6 of rank j and two power lines output 7. The distribution bus 6 is an HVDC bus. The input power line 5 is connected to the two output power lines 7 via the distribution bus 6.
- HVDC high voltage direct current
- Each channel 4 comprises a switching device 8 on the electrical input line 5 and a switching device 9 on each of the two electrical output lines 7.
- the switching devices 8, 9 are bipolar switching devices which make it possible to ensure the galvanic isolation and the respective alignment of the electrical sources 2 and the propelling charges 3.
- Each channel 4 is connected to one of the electrical sources 2 via an input connection 10.
- the electrical input line 5 is electrically connected to the input connection 10 which carries the electrical power of electrical source 2 to channel 4.
- Each channel 4 is respectively connected to two propellant charges 3 via two respective output connections 11.
- the two output connections 11 are both electrically connected to the distribution bus 6 by the two electrical output lines 7.
- SSPC semiconductor power controller
- the SSPC 12 is closed in the nominal configuration of the network 1.
- SSPC semiconductor power controller
- the channels 4 are interconnected via their distribution bus 6.
- the channels 4 are parallel.
- the network 1 is capable of distributing to the propelling charges 3 the electrical power received from all the electrical sources 2.
- the network 1 is a reconfigurable network under the action of a global supervision circuit comprising several electronic cards (not shown).
- the global supervision circuit further comprises opening commands for the SSPCs 12, for the inter-bus electric switch 13, and for the switching elements 8 and 9.
- the global supervision circuit further comprises current sensors and Of voltage.
- the SSPC 12 also have their own current measurement.
- Network 1 is then in nominal configuration.
- the supervision circuit controls the network 1 to reconfigure it according to an intermediate degraded configuration in which the SSPCs 12 are open.
- the intermediate degraded configuration of the network 1 is represented with reference to FIG. 3 where the SSPCs 12 are represented by a rectangle comprising a cross.
- the SSPCs 12 isolate the different channels 4 in about ten microseconds.
- the channels 4 are electrically isolated from each other.
- the overall undervoltage generated by the short-circuit lasts only a few microseconds corresponding to the opening time of the SSPC 12.
- the system becomes segregated, and the lines not affected by default see their voltage return to a normal level, which makes it possible to keep the propellant charges 3 operational.
- the current seen by the components at the faulty channel 4 remains the current of a single battery and not the current of the 3 batteries in parallel.
- a k-rank channel switching device is opened so as to isolate the corresponding electrical fault.
- a fourth step 17 the SSPCs 12 are closed so that the network 1 is reconfigured according to a final degraded configuration, in which the fault is isolated but the distribution properties of the network 1 are retained.
- FIG. 4 represents a propulsion system 18 comprising a protective casing 19 in which the network 1 is integrated. Elements identical to those shown with reference to Figure 1 are identified by the same reference numerals.
- Figure 4 presents an additional level of detail. In particular, the "+" poles and the "-" poles of each electric line are represented.
- each electrical input line 5 is protected by a protection element 20.
- the protection element 20 is a fuse.
- each electric output line 7 is protected by a protection element 21 .
- Protection element 21 is a pyroswitch fuse.
- each of the input power lines 5 and each of the output power lines 7 current and voltage sensors 21 ensuring the management and protection of the entire network 1 .
- the implementation of the third step 16 and fourth step 17 of the control method is an implementation specific to the zone in which the electrical fault appears.
- the first zone 22 comprises the electrical sources 2 and the input connections 10 connected to all the channels 4.
- the first zone 22 is located between the electrical sources 2 and the protection box 19.
- the second zone 23 comprises all the electrical output lines 7 of all the channels 4.
- the second zone 23 is located between the protective casing 19 and the propellant charges 3.
- the three third zones 24 each belonging to a channel 4 of rank j each respectively comprise the electrical input line 5 and the distribution bus 6 of the channel 4.
- the third zones 24 are located in the protective box 19 and relates to internal faults in the protection box 19.
- the third step 16 of the method is a specific step 28.
- the specific step 28 comprises the opening of the fuse of the electrical source 2 connected to channel 4 of rank k on which the short-circuit appeared. In other words, the fuse in the faulty wiring is tripping.
- the third step 16 of the method is a specific step 29.
- the third step 16 of the method is a specific step 30.
- two electrical sources power the six propellant charges.
- the global supervision circuit does not authorize, in step 32, the closing of the SSPCs 12, then the flight mission of the aircraft continues by reconnecting the distribution buses of the two channels 4 not flawed.
- rank k of faulty channel 4 is rank 1 .
- the defect is represented by a flash and the flow of abnormal electric currents in direction and intensity is represented by solid line arrows.
- the configuration of the network 1 is then one according to the intermediate degraded configuration in which the SSPCs 12 are open, so that the channels 4 are electrically isolated from each other.
- the internal protection device of the electrical source 2 will also isolate the fault from the voltage source which cannot be stopped intrinsically.
- the global supervision circuit can reconfigure the network 1 according to the first final degraded configuration.
- the global supervision circuit controls the closing of the two SSPCs 12 by using the internal precharging function of the SSPCs 12, depending on the state of the electrical sources 2.
- the global supervision circuit verifies directly in a step 34 whether it authorizes the closing of the SSPCs 12.
- a step 35 the precharge lines are closed.
- the overall supervision circuit then controls the closing of the switching device 9 of the healthy output electrical line 7. In other words, the global supervision circuit restarts the propellant charge 3 not marred by fault associated with the rank k bus. On the other hand, the other propellant charge 3 associated with the rank k bus remains isolated.
- the aircraft flight mission then continues with a network 1 in a second final degraded configuration, in which the SSPCs 12 are closed and the switching device 9 of one of the two electrical output lines 7 of the channel 4 of rank k remains open.
- three electrical sources power five propellant charges 3.
- step 34 the global supervision circuit does not authorize, in step 34, the closing of the SSPCs 12, then the flight mission of the aircraft continues by reconnecting the distribution buses of the two channels 4 not flawed.
- two electrical sources 2 supply four propelling charges 3, and the faulty channel 4 is not reconnected.
- the protective device 21 of the second output connection 11 will isolate the fault present on the wiring of the second load propellant 3.
- the global supervision circuit sends a request to stop the propelling charges 3 linked to the distribution bus 6 of rank 1.
- the two switching elements 9 are then opened.
- the corresponding network 1 configuration is shown with reference to Figure 12.
- the global supervision circuit then controls the reconfiguration of the network 1 according to the second final degraded configuration shown in Figure 13.
- the two SSPCs 12 are closed to return the network 1 to the distributed configuration.
- the first propellant charge 3 which is not on the faulty line can be put back on line according to the needs of the aircraft by closing the corresponding switching member 9.
- the fault corresponds to one of the third zones 24.
- a specific step 31 identical to that of branch 25 is implemented. This corresponds to the case where the distribution bus 6 of rank k is faulty.
- the global supervision circuit then isolates the electrical source 2 associated with the rank k bus.
- the flight mission of the aircraft then continues with a network 1 in a third final degraded configuration, in which the switching elements 8 and 9 of channel 4 of rank k remain open and:
- rank k is equal to 2
- the inter-bus electrical switch 13 is closed and the two SSPCs 12 remain open.
- the global supervision circuit controls the isolation of the channels 4 from each other to put the network 1 in an intermediate degraded configuration shown in Figure 15. As in the previous cases, the two SSPCs 12 will therefore open up.
- protective device 20 of input electrical line 5 will trip, as shown in Figure 16.
- the internal protective device of the electric source 2 can also take part in the electric insulation, according to its dimensioning.
- switching device 8 On channel 4 of rank 1, once the electric current has dropped to an acceptable level, switching device 8 is controlled open to isolate the short-circuited zone from electric source 2.
- the global supervision circuit requires the stopping of the two propelling charges 3 associated with the distribution bus 6.
- the two switching elements 9 will be controlled open to isolate the short-circuited zone, in order to avoid any regeneration of the electric motors such as, for example, a freewheel mode. following the aerodynamic thrust of the blades, also called in English "windmilling" in the defect.
- the protective device 20 of the electrical input line 5 having isolated first, the fault is located in the third zone 24 corresponding to the first channel 4 of rank 1.
- the network logic then prohibits the reclosing of the first SSPC 12 between the first channel 4 of rank 1 and the second channel 4 of rank 2.
- the second SSPC 12 can be closed, so as to reconnect the second channel 4 of rank 2 with the third channel 4 of rank 3.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
- Small-Scale Networks (AREA)
- Direct Current Feeding And Distribution (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202380024262.9A CN118786596A (zh) | 2022-01-14 | 2023-01-13 | 用于控制和保护用于飞行器推进负载的配电网络的方法 |
| EP23703275.0A EP4463923A1 (fr) | 2022-01-14 | 2023-01-13 | Procédé de pilotage et protection d'un réseau de distribution électrique pour charges propulsives d'aéronef |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FRFR2200329 | 2022-01-14 | ||
| FR2200329A FR3131987B1 (fr) | 2022-01-14 | 2022-01-14 | Procede de pilotage et protection d’un reseau de distribution electrique pour charges propulsives d’aeronef |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2023135396A1 true WO2023135396A1 (fr) | 2023-07-20 |
Family
ID=80999309
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2023/050049 Ceased WO2023135396A1 (fr) | 2022-01-14 | 2023-01-13 | Procede de pilotage et protection d'un reseau de distribution electrique pour charges propulsives d'aeronef |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4463923A1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN118786596A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3131987B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023135396A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3157354A1 (fr) * | 2023-12-22 | 2025-06-27 | Safran Electrical & Power | Circuit électrique muni de deux interrupteurs pyrotechniques permettant d’isoler électriquement une section lors d’une apparition d’un défaut de type court-circuit. |
| FR3161199A1 (fr) * | 2024-04-12 | 2025-10-17 | Safran Electrical & Power | Architecture pour la parallélisation de sources électriques d’un aéronef à propulsion électrique et procédé associé |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20090189455A1 (en) * | 2008-01-24 | 2009-07-30 | Honeywell International Inc. | Solid state power controller (sspc) used as bus tie breaker in electrical power distribution systems |
| US20150097422A1 (en) * | 2013-10-04 | 2015-04-09 | Ge Aviation Systems Llc | Power distribution system for an aircraft |
| EP3624301A1 (fr) * | 2018-09-11 | 2020-03-18 | Embraer S.A. | Procédé et système pour charges électriques distribuées connectées à des sources d'alimentation partagées |
| US20210376602A1 (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2021-12-02 | Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG | Power supply system for a water-bound device that has different connected zones |
-
2022
- 2022-01-14 FR FR2200329A patent/FR3131987B1/fr active Active
-
2023
- 2023-01-13 WO PCT/FR2023/050049 patent/WO2023135396A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2023-01-13 CN CN202380024262.9A patent/CN118786596A/zh active Pending
- 2023-01-13 EP EP23703275.0A patent/EP4463923A1/fr active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20090189455A1 (en) * | 2008-01-24 | 2009-07-30 | Honeywell International Inc. | Solid state power controller (sspc) used as bus tie breaker in electrical power distribution systems |
| US20150097422A1 (en) * | 2013-10-04 | 2015-04-09 | Ge Aviation Systems Llc | Power distribution system for an aircraft |
| EP3624301A1 (fr) * | 2018-09-11 | 2020-03-18 | Embraer S.A. | Procédé et système pour charges électriques distribuées connectées à des sources d'alimentation partagées |
| US20210376602A1 (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2021-12-02 | Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG | Power supply system for a water-bound device that has different connected zones |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3131987B1 (fr) | 2024-09-13 |
| EP4463923A1 (fr) | 2024-11-20 |
| FR3131987A1 (fr) | 2023-07-21 |
| CN118786596A (zh) | 2024-10-15 |
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