WO2023119908A1 - 希土類磁石粉末、その製造方法およびボンド磁石 - Google Patents
希土類磁石粉末、その製造方法およびボンド磁石 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023119908A1 WO2023119908A1 PCT/JP2022/041306 JP2022041306W WO2023119908A1 WO 2023119908 A1 WO2023119908 A1 WO 2023119908A1 JP 2022041306 W JP2022041306 W JP 2022041306W WO 2023119908 A1 WO2023119908 A1 WO 2023119908A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/06—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing rare earth magnet powder and the like.
- Rare earth magnets include sintered magnets obtained by sintering rare earth magnet particles and bonded magnets obtained by binding rare earth magnet particles with a binder resin.
- Bonded magnets are made by injecting a mixture of magnet particles and binder resin (mainly thermoplastic resin) into a cavity and molding them. There is a compression bond magnet molded by compression and solidification (including hardening) with.
- binder resin mainly thermoplastic resin
- Both bonded magnets have better formability than sintered magnets and have a greater degree of freedom in shape, so their applications are expanding. Along with this, there is a strong demand for bond magnets to have high reliability (also called durability, corrosion resistance, etc.) so that magnetic properties can be stably exhibited. Descriptions related to this can be found, for example, in the following patent documents.
- Patent No. 3882490 (US2002/66499A1) Patent No. 3882545 (US2002/84440A1) Patent No. 4650593 (WO2010/71111) Patent No. 5499738 (WO2010/90229) Tokuho 3-6963 Patent No. 5387242 JP 2018-9200 JP 2021-118213 Patent No. 4873201 (WO2008/146368)
- Patent Documents 1 to 4 propose to subject magnetic powder to phosphoric acid treatment for the purpose of improving rust prevention and weather resistance in order to suppress the deterioration of magnetic properties.
- the coating treatment is promoted by heat drying (baking drying).
- the heating temperature is kept at 200° C. or less at most in order to suppress deterioration of magnetic properties (see, for example, Patent Document 3 [0065]).
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 only describe examples in which SmFeN magnet alloy powder containing a large amount of fine particles, which is generally obtained by nitriding, is treated with phosphoric acid.
- Patent Document 5 proposes magnet powder that is heated in air and then treated with phosphate (salt), but is not heated after the phosphate treatment.
- Patent Documents 6 and 7 for the purpose of improving the fluidity of magnet powder and the mechanical strength of a bonded magnet using it, after phosphoric acid treatment in the first step, heating in a non-oxidizing atmosphere in the second step. Then, the magnetic powder is further heated in a non-oxidizing atmosphere in the fourth step after being treated with phosphoric acid in the third step.
- Example 8 and Comparative Example 7 (only the first step and the second step) of Patent Document 6 the NdFeB alloy powder is subjected to the second step at a treatment temperature of 250°C.
- the fluidity and mechanical strength when only the second step is set to 250 ° C. are lower than when the treatment temperature in the second step is performed at 110 ° C. ([0047] of Patent Document 6, Table 2). .
- Patent Document 8 proposes a compound (composition for bonded magnets) in which a binder resin is added to magnet powder that has been subjected to phosphoric acid treatment and then heated, but the heating temperature after phosphoric acid treatment remains at 120°C. .
- Patent Document 9 only proposes a sintered magnet that is sequentially subjected to nickel electroplating, phosphoric acid treatment, and heating in a low-oxygen atmosphere, and does not mention magnetic powder composed of coated particles. .
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and aims to provide a new method for producing rare earth magnet powder.
- rare earth magnet powder whose magnetic properties (eg, coercive force) are less likely to deteriorate even when exposed to a corrosive environment in which water, oil, etc. are present can be obtained.
- magnetic properties eg, coercive force
- a highly corrosion-resistant coating that is difficult to oxidize is formed near the surface of the magnet particles, which greatly affects the deterioration of the magnetic properties.
- the present invention includes an oxidation step of heating magnet particles containing Nd, Fe and B in an oxidizing atmosphere, a treatment step of contacting the magnet particles after the oxidation step with a treatment liquid containing phosphate ions, A method for producing a rare earth magnet powder comprising magnet particles having a film containing P, O and Fe, comprising a firing step of heating the magnet particles after the treatment step at a firing temperature of 250 to 350°C.
- the present invention can also be understood as a rare earth magnet powder.
- the present invention is a rare earth magnet powder consisting of magnet particles having a coating, the magnet particles comprising Nd, Fe and B, the coating comprising P, O and Fe contained in the coating
- the rare earth magnet powder may have a content ratio (Nd/Fe), which is the atomic ratio of Nd to Fe, of 0.5 or less in the outermost surface region from the outermost surface to a depth of 10 nm.
- the film formed on the outermost surface area of the magnet particles for example, has a significantly lower content of base Nd, which is easily oxidized, than conventional phosphate films.
- a rare earth magnet powder composed of magnet particles coated with such a film is unlikely to deteriorate in magnetic properties even in a corrosive environment (for example, a wet environment or an oil environment), and can exhibit high reliability.
- a film with less Nd present in the outermost surface area and a dense film without conspicuous voids can be produced, for example, by the production method of the present invention described above.
- the present invention can also be grasped as a bonded magnet using rare earth magnet powder and a manufacturing method thereof.
- the bonded magnet according to the present invention is also resistant to deterioration of magnetic properties in a corrosive environment (eg, wet environment, oil environment) and can exhibit high reliability.
- Bonded magnets consist of magnet particles and binder resin (resin that holds and binds magnet particles).
- a bonded magnet can be produced, for example, by an injection molding method in which a cavity (magnet hole, etc.) is filled with a molten mixture of rare earth magnet powder and a thermoplastic resin and solidified; These compositions (compounds) are obtained by a compression molding method or the like in which they are compressed, melted and solidified.
- the rare earth magnet powder is an anisotropic magnet powder, it is preferable to be molded while applying an aligning magnetic field.
- the binder resin is contained, for example, in an amount of 2 to 35% by mass, 5 to 25% by mass, 8 to 20% by mass, or further 10 to 18% by mass with respect to the entire bonded magnet.
- magnet particles containing Nd, Fe, and B are referred to as “magnet particles” as appropriate, regardless of whether they are coated before or after coating treatment (treatment process or firing process) or with or without a coating.
- a rare earth magnet powder composed of such magnet particles is also referred to as "magnet powder”.
- the magnet particles (magnet powder) before the oxidation process or before the treatment process are referred to as “raw material particles (raw material powder)"
- the magnet particles (magnet powder) after the oxidation process are referred to as “oxidized particles (oxidized powder)”
- the magnet particles (magnet powder) after the treatment step are referred to as “treated particles (treated powder)”
- the magnet particles (magnet powder) after the firing step are referred to as “fired particles (fired powder)”.
- Coatings containing P, O and Fe are also referred to as "phosphate (based) coatings" regardless of their component composition, organization or structure.
- the phosphate coating may contain elements other than P, O and Fe (for example, Nd, B, etc.).
- the film according to the present invention only needs to have at least one layer on the surface of the magnet particles, and may be laminated (combined) with other types of films (films).
- the film according to the present invention should normally have at least one layer on the outermost layer of the raw material particles.
- x to y as used herein includes the lower limit value x and the upper limit value y.
- a new range such as “a to b” can be established as a new lower or upper limit of any numerical value included in the various numerical values or numerical ranges described herein.
- x to ykA/m as used herein means xkA/m to ykA/m. The same applies to other unit systems.
- FIG. 4 is a scatter diagram showing the relationship between demagnetization rate and firing temperature before and after coating treatment. It is a scatter diagram showing the relationship between the demagnetization rate and the firing temperature before and after the corrosion resistance test. 4 is a scatter diagram showing the relationship between the demagnetization rate after the corrosion resistance test and the firing temperature with respect to the initial state (before coating treatment). 4 is a bar graph comparing the demagnetization rate after the corrosion resistance test with respect to the initial state for samples with different coating treatment methods. It is the STEM image which observed the film
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing elemental distributions obtained by analyzing films with different firing temperatures by AES. It is a graph which shows the content ratio (Nd/Fe) of Nd with respect to Fe calculated
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for explaining a conjecture relating to the relationship between the morphology of the phosphate coating and the firing temperature. 4 is a bar graph comparing the demagnetization rate after the corrosion resistance test with respect to the initial state for samples with different coating treatment conditions.
- FIG. 4 is a scatter diagram showing the rate of change in coercive force (iHc) before and after a corrosion resistance test for bonded magnets made of magnet powders with different coating treatment methods. It is a scatter diagram showing the rate of change in squareness (Hk) before and after the corrosion resistance test.
- a component related to a manufacturing method can also be a component related to an object. Which embodiment is the best depends on the target, required performance, and the like.
- the oxidation step is performed by heating the magnet particles (raw material particles) before the treatment step in an oxidizing atmosphere.
- the oxidizing atmosphere may be a controlled atmosphere in which the oxygen concentration (or oxygen partial pressure) is adjusted, or may be an atmospheric atmosphere, a semi-atmospheric atmosphere, or the like.
- the heating temperature (oxidation temperature) in the oxidation step is, for example, 80 to 200°C, 100 to 190°C, and further 120 to 180°C.
- the heating time is adjusted depending on the heating temperature and the heating atmosphere, and may be, for example, 0.1 to 10 hours, 0.3 to 8 hours, 0.5 to 5 hours, or 1 to 4 hours.
- the heating temperature or heating atmosphere may be changed in the middle. That is, the oxidation process may be performed in multiple stages.
- the oxidation process is performed in multiple stages including at least a first oxidation process heated at a first temperature and a second oxidation process heated at a second temperature higher than the first temperature after the first oxidation process. may By performing the second oxidation step in the high temperature range after the first oxidation step in the low temperature range, a uniform oxide film can be efficiently formed on the surface of the magnet particles.
- the treatment step is carried out by bringing magnet particles (powder) into contact with a treatment liquid containing phosphate ions.
- a treatment liquid containing phosphate ions As long as a film containing P, O and Fe (phosphate film) can be formed on the surface of the magnet particles, the treatment process can be carried out regardless of the presence or absence of an oxidation process, raw materials of the treatment liquid, preparation method, concentration, solvent, and the like.
- Phosphate ions are not limited to typical orthophosphate ions (PO 4 3- ), but may be phosphite ions (PO 3 3- ), hypophosphite ions (PO 2 3- ), and the like.
- the phosphate ions contained in the treatment liquid may have different compositions and different valences.
- the treatment liquid may be, for example, phosphoric acid alone, or phosphoric acid or a phosphorous compound (including phosphate) prepared in a solvent.
- the solvent may be water or an organic solvent (particularly a volatile solvent).
- the coating treatment film formation treatment
- phosphoric acid may be inorganic phosphoric acid such as phosphorous acid, hypophosphorous acid, pyrophosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, organic phosphoric acid, and the like.
- orthophosphoric acid has high reactivity with iron and tends to form a film on the surface of magnet particles.
- Phosphates which are a type of phosphorus compound, include zinc phosphate, manganese phosphate, magnesium phosphate, and the like.
- Organic solvents include, for example, alcohols (isopropyl alcohol (IPA), ethanol, methanol, 2-methoxyethanol, etc.), formamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, and the like.
- the treatment liquid may further contain a surfactant (for example, a silane coupling agent, etc.).
- the orthophosphoric acid is, for example, 0.3 to 1.0% by mass, further 0.4 to 0.8% by mass, relative to the entire magnet powder. Good.
- the raw material powder and the treatment liquid are brought into contact with each other by, for example, an immersion method, a spray method, or the like.
- the two may be brought into contact (mixed) while stirring or the like.
- at least one of the raw material powder and the treatment liquid may be heated and brought into contact with each other.
- the heating vaporizes (evaporates) the solvent and promotes the formation of a phosphate film on the magnet particle surface.
- the heating temperature (drying temperature) is, for example, 40 to 110°C, further 60 to 90°C.
- the treatment process is performed, for example, in an anti-oxidation atmosphere (eg, inert gas (N 2 , Ar, etc.) atmosphere).
- an anti-oxidation atmosphere eg, inert gas (N 2 , Ar, etc.
- the firing step is performed by heating the magnet particles (treated particles) after the treatment step.
- the heating temperature (referred to as "firing temperature") is, for example, 250 to 350.degree. C., 270 to 330.degree. C., 275 to 325.degree. If the sintering temperature is too low, it is difficult to form a film with excellent corrosion resistance. If the sintering temperature is too high, the magnetic properties of the magnet particles themselves may deteriorate.
- the firing process may be performed in an anti-oxidizing atmosphere (eg, vacuum atmosphere, inert gas (N 2 , Ar, etc.) atmosphere, etc.) or in an oxidizing atmosphere (eg, atmospheric atmosphere, semi-atmospheric atmosphere, etc.). If it is carried out in an oxidizing atmosphere, it is possible to reduce the burden on equipment and processes involved in the firing process.
- an anti-oxidizing atmosphere eg, vacuum atmosphere, inert gas (N 2 , Ar, etc.) atmosphere, etc.
- an oxidizing atmosphere eg, atmospheric atmosphere, semi-atmospheric atmosphere, etc.
- the firing process is performed, for example, for 1 to 180 minutes, 3 to 150 minutes, or even 10 to 50 minutes. If the vicinity of the surface of the magnet particles (for example, about 1 ⁇ m in depth) reaches the desired firing temperature, the firing process may be short. By shortening the time of the sintering process of heating to a high temperature, not only the production efficiency can be improved, but also the deterioration of the magnetic properties can be suppressed.
- the magnet powder after the treatment process may be heated at a temperature lower than the firing temperature described above before the firing process (preheating process).
- the preheating step is not essential, and its purpose does not matter.
- the preheating process is performed for the purpose of, for example, drying, baking, preheating before the firing process, and calcination before firing (the firing process).
- the temperature of the preheating process is, for example, 80-220°C or 100-150°C.
- the duration of the preheating step is, for example, 0.1 to 4 hours, or 0.5 to 3 hours.
- the atmosphere of the preheating step may be either an anti-oxidizing atmosphere or an oxidizing atmosphere, as in the firing step.
- the transition from the preheating step to the firing step may be continuous or intermittent. If the transfer is continuous, residual heat can be used, and if the transfer is intermittent, batch processing becomes possible. When a large amount of magnet powder is processed, the preheating step can further stabilize the formation of the desired phosphate-based film.
- NdFeB magnet particles containing Nd, Fe, and B as essential components (basic components) are treated with phosphoric acid.
- the magnet particles may contain elements (heavy rare earth elements such as Dy and Tb, Cu, Al, Co, Nb, etc.) that enhance coercive force and heat resistance.
- the total amount of the essential elements is usually 80 atomic % or more, preferably 90 atomic % or more, relative to the entire magnet particles.
- the magnet particles may be anisotropic magnet particles or isotropic magnet particles.
- a bonded magnet with high magnetic properties can be obtained by molding anisotropic magnet particles (powder) in an oriented magnetic field.
- Magnet particles are obtained, for example, by hydrogen-treating a magnet alloy.
- Hydrogenation usually involves a disproportionation reaction due to hydrogen absorption (Hydrogenation-Disproportionation/also referred to as “HD reaction”) and a recombination reaction due to dehydrogenation (also referred to as Desorption-Recombination/“DR reaction”).
- the HD reaction and DR reaction are collectively referred to as the "HDDR reaction”, and the hydrogen treatment resulting in the HDDR reaction is referred to as "HDDR”.
- the HDDR also includes an improved d-HDDR (dynamic-Hydrogenation-Disproportionation-Desorption-Recombination).
- the d-HDDR is described in detail in, for example, International Publication (WO2004/064085). Furthermore, the magnet alloy before HDDR may be subjected to hydrogen cracking treatment in which it is exposed to a high temperature (425 to 550° C.) hydrogen atmosphere (see International Publication (WO2020/017529)).
- the NdFeB magnet alloy usually contains more Nd than the theoretical composition (Nd: 11.8 at%, B: 5.9 at%, Fe: balance) constituting the main phase (Nd 2 Fe 14 B). It consists of an Nd-rich composition. Some of the Nd richer than the theoretical composition also appears on the surface of the magnet particles obtained by pulverizing the magnet alloy, forms an oxide (referred to as "Nd-rich oxide"), and is a factor in the deterioration of magnetic properties. Become. Such a tendency is more pronounced when the magnet alloy consists of an ingot (or its pulverized powder) than when it consists of a rapidly solidified amorphous ribbon (or its pulverized powder). According to the present invention, the corrosion resistance of magnet particles can be improved not only in the former case but also in the latter case. In this respect, the present invention is particularly significant.
- the size of the magnet particles does not matter.
- NdFeB magnet particles obtained by HDDR have, for example, an average particle size of 40 to 250 ⁇ m.
- the average particle size referred to in this specification is a volume median diameter (VMD) determined by measurement with a laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer (HELOS manufactured by Japan Laser Co., Ltd.).
- the magnet particles may include fine particles with a small average particle size as well as coarse particles with a relatively large average particle size.
- the average particle size of the fine particles is, for example, 1 to 10 ⁇ m, further 2 to 6 ⁇ m.
- Composite magnet powder obtained by mixing the magnet powder of the present invention with another magnet powder having different composition, anisotropy, isotropy, average particle size, etc., may be used for manufacturing bonded magnets according to the required specifications. good too.
- the film contains at least P, O and Fe, and may have various specific compositions, textures, and structures.
- the content ratio (Nd/Fe), which is the atomic ratio of Nd to Fe contained in the coating is preferably 0.5 or less, 0.4 or less, and further 0.3 or less in the outermost region. . It should be noted that Nd/Fe can be 0.1 or more, or even 0.2 or more.
- the outermost surface area referred to in this specification is, for example, the range from the outermost surface of the film to a depth of 10 nm.
- the content ratio (Nd/Fe) can be obtained from the atomic ratio of Nd and Fe obtained by analyzing the vicinity of the outermost surface of the film by Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES), for example. Specifically, the arithmetic mean value of the atomic ratio (Nd/Fe) at a depth of 0 nm (outermost surface), a depth of 5 nm, and a depth of 10 nm is compared with a predetermined value (threshold) as the content ratio (Nd/Fe). do it.
- the measurement position is not necessarily the above-mentioned depth It doesn't have to be.
- the coating preferably has a dense structure with few defects near the surface where corrosion resistance is greatly affected.
- the maximum size of voids contained in the film is preferably 50 nm or less, 40 nm or less, or even 30 nm or less. In terms of the average size of voids, for example, it is preferably 30 nm or less, 20 nm or less, or even 15 nm.
- the size of the void is the maximum length of the line segment that has both endpoints on the outline of the extracted void on the observation image of the film cross section.
- the measurement of the maximum length may be performed visually and manually by setting a scale bar on the observation image, or may be performed using image processing software.
- the maximum size of a void is the maximum of its maximum length.
- the average size of voids is the arithmetic mean of their maximum lengths ( ⁇ (maximum length)/number).
- the observed image of the cross section of the film is obtained by observing the vicinity of the surface of particles randomly extracted from the coated magnet powder with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) or scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). Extraction of voids and measurement of their sizes may be performed, for example, on the basis of a cross section of the film within a predetermined field of view (14 ⁇ m ⁇ 14 ⁇ m) with respect to a secondary electron image at a magnification of about 8000 times. Since the thickness of the coating is not constant, the cross-sectional range of the coating is defined as the region where P is detected in the elemental mapping image obtained by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS).
- EDS energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
- the rare earth magnet powder of the present invention can be used for any application, but for example, it is used for bonded magnets that are exposed to water, oil, their mists, and the like. Bonded magnets may be injection molded or compression molded.
- Bonded magnets serve as the magnetic field source for the magnetic field elements of electric motors and solenoids.
- a field element of an electric motor is, for example, a rotor or a stator.
- the rotor may be an internal magnet type in which bond magnets are integrally formed in slots (cavities) of the rotor core, or a surface magnet type in which bond magnets are arranged on the surface side of the rotor core.
- the electric motor may be a generator as well as a motor.
- the motor may be a DC motor or an AC motor.
- the electric motor according to the present invention can be used for any application, but for example, it is used as a drive source for water pumps and oil pumps exposed to corrosive environments.
- Sample 1 is a powder produced by performing only the above-described treatment process without performing the preheating process and the firing process.
- Sample 2 is a powder produced by performing the treatment and preheating steps described above without performing the firing step. Therefore, sample 1 has a powder maximum heating temperature of 80°C, and sample 2 has a powder maximum heating temperature of 120°C.
- Sample C is a powder produced by subjecting the raw material powder described above to the following three stages of treatment in order according to the description of Patent No. 5499738 (paragraph [0153]).
- the treatment and preheating steps described above were applied.
- the powder after the first step the metal alkoxy oligomer (X-40-9246 manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) and the above-described orthophosphoric acid solution are stirred and mixed (in the air, 80 ° C. x 1 hour). and further dried by heating (120° C. ⁇ 2.5 hours in air).
- the powder after the second step and a solution of a coupling agent (KBE-903 manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) are stirred and mixed (in the atmosphere, 80 ° C. x 1 hour), and further dried by heating (inert 120° C. ⁇ 2.5 hours in atmosphere).
- the thus-obtained magnet particles of Sample C are coated with three layers: a phosphate compound layer (first layer) and a composite coating containing a silicon compound and a phosphate compound (second and third layers). .
- Table 1 also shows the magnetic properties and demagnetization ratios of Samples 1 and 2, which were not subjected to the firing process, and Sample S, which was not subjected to coating treatment (as raw material powder).
- the demagnetization ratios of samples S, 1 and 2 are plotted in order from the firing temperatures of 20° C., 80° C. and 120° C. shown in FIG.
- Table 1 also shows the magnetic properties and demagnetization rate of Sample C, which is coated with a different method.
- FIG. 2 shows a bar graph comparing the demagnetization rate: ⁇ iHc S1 (%) of sample 6 and sample C. As shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3A and elemental mapping (P, O, Nd) based on energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) is shown in FIG. 3B. Note that the magnification of the observed images shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B (both figures are collectively referred to as "FIG. 3") is 80,000 times.
- the demagnetization rate is much higher than that of the conventional three-layer-coated magnet powder. was small.
- the film of sample 6 had a very dense structure with almost no voids.
- Corrosion resistance is improved by forming a film (referred to as a "phosphate film") on the surface of such raw material particles by phosphating.
- a film referred to as a "phosphate film”
- the firing temperature is low, a large amount of Nd oxide remains near the outermost surface, and the improvement in corrosion resistance is insufficient (Samples 2 and 3).
- the Nd oxide migrates to the lower layer side of the film for unknown reasons, and the Nd oxide remaining near the outermost surface is significantly reduced, greatly improving corrosion resistance.
- Sample 6 It can be seen from the Nd concentration and O concentration shown in FIG. 5 that the Nd that has migrated to the lower layer side can be stably retained as Nd oxide at a deep position. It should be noted that the deterioration of the magnetic properties due to heating is slight because the magnetic properties are sintered at a predetermined temperature or lower. It is believed that, in this way, a highly corrosion-resistant magnet powder capable of remarkably suppressing deterioration of magnetic properties was obtained.
- Samples were fabricated by variously changing the heating conditions after the treatment process shown in the first embodiment.
- the raw material powder used was a commercially available NdFeB-based anisotropic magnet powder (manufactured by Aichi Steel Co., Ltd.: MF-P15 (Br: 1.3 T, iHc: 1093 kA/m, (BH) max: 297 kJ/m 3 , average particle size (VMD): 119 ⁇ m).
- the treatment process, preheating process (120°C x 2.5 hours) and firing process (300°C x 0.5 hours) were performed in the same manner as in the first example.
- the powder of sample 36 was further subjected to the metal alkoxy oligomer treatment (second layer) and coupling agent treatment (third layer) described in relation to sample C described above.
- the powders of Samples 31, 33, 34 and 35 were treated by replacing the phosphoric acid (6 mL) contained in the metal alkoxy oligomer treating agent with a Ti catalyst (640 ⁇ L).
- the powder of sample 32 was not subjected to the metal alkoxy oligomer treatment (second layer).
- FIGS. 9A and 9B show the rate of change in the magnetic properties of each bonded magnet after the corrosion resistance test.
- volume change rate before and after the corrosion resistance test was about 1% for all of the bonded magnets of the present invention, and there was no significant difference.
- Sample 36 swelled as much as about 2.3%.
- the bonded magnets (Samples 31 to 33) made of magnet powder that had undergone a firing process in a predetermined temperature range exhibited excellent magnetic properties even when exposed to a corrosive environment for a long period of time. There was little deterioration in characteristics. In other words, the bonded magnets of Samples 31 to 33 exhibited better corrosion resistance than the bonded magnets (Samples 34 to 36) made of magnet powder that was not fired.
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Abstract
Description
(1)本発明は、Nd、FeおよびBを含む磁石粒子とリン酸イオンを含む処理液とを接触させる処理工程と、該処理工程後の磁石粒子を250~350℃の焼成温度で加熱する焼成工程とを備え、P、OおよびFeを含む皮膜を有する磁石粒子からなる希土類磁石粉末の製造方法である。
(1)本発明は希土類磁石粉末としても把握される。例えば、本発明は、皮膜を有する磁石粒子からなる希土類磁石粉末であって、該磁石粒子は、Nd、FeおよびBを含み、該皮膜は、P、OおよびFeを含み、該皮膜に含まれるNdのFeに対する原子割合である含有比(Nd/Fe)が、該皮膜の最表面から深さ10nmまでの最表域で0.5以下である希土類磁石粉末でもよい。
本発明は、希土類磁石粉末を用いたボンド磁石やその製造方法としても把握され得る。本発明に係るボンド磁石も、腐食環境(例えば湿潤環境、油環境)下で磁気特性が劣化し難く、高い信頼性を発揮し得る。
(1)本明細書では、被覆処理(処理工程または焼成工程)の前後または皮膜の有無を問わず、適宜、Nd、FeおよびBを含む磁石粒子を「磁石粒子」という。また、そのような磁石粒子からなる希土類磁石粉末を「磁石粉末」ともいう。
酸化工程は、処理工程前の磁石粒子(原料粒子)を酸化雰囲気中で加熱してなされる。酸化雰囲気は、酸素濃度(または酸素分圧)が調整された制御雰囲気でもよいが、大気雰囲気や準大気雰囲気等でもよい。
処理工程は、磁石粒子(粉末)と、リン酸イオンを含む処理液とを接触させてなされる。処理工程は、磁石粒子の表面に、P、OおよびFeを含む皮膜(リン酸塩皮膜)を形成できれば、酸化工程の有無、処理液の原料、調製方法、濃度、溶媒等を問わない。なお、リン酸イオンは、代表的なオルトリン酸イオン(PO4 3- )に限らず、亜リン酸イオン(PO3 3- )、次亜リン酸イオン(PO2 3- )等でもよい。処理液に含まれるリン酸イオンには、組成や価数が異なるものが混在していてもよい。
焼成工程は、処理工程後の磁石粒子(処理粒子)を加熱してなされる。その加熱温度(「焼成温度」という。)は、例えば、250~350℃、270~330℃、275~325℃さらには285~315℃である。焼成温度が過小では、耐食性に優れた皮膜が形成され難い。焼成温度が過大になると、磁石粒子自体の磁気特性が低下し得る。
処理工程後の磁石粉末は、焼成工程前に、上述した焼成温度よりも低温で加熱されてもよい(予熱工程)。予熱工程は必須ではく、その目的も問わない。予熱工程は、例えば、乾燥、焼付け、焼成工程前の予備加熱、本焼(焼成工程)前の仮焼等を目的としてなされる。
NdとFeとBを必須成分(基本成分)とするNdFeB系磁石粒子に、リン酸処理がなされる。その磁石粒子は、保磁力や耐熱性等を高める元素(Dy、Tb等の重希土類元素、Cu、Al、Co、Nb等)を含んでもよい。但し、必須成分となる元素の合計量は、通常、その磁石粒子全体に対して80原子%以上さらには90原子%以上である。
(1)組成
皮膜は、少なくともP、OおよびFeを含むが、具体的な組成、組織、構造は種々あり得る。例えば、皮膜は、その最表域において、Ndの含有量が少ないほどよい。具体的にいうと、皮膜に含まれるNdのFeに対する原子割合である含有比(Nd/Fe)が、最表域において0.5以下、0.4以下さらには0.3以下であるとよい。なお、敢えていうなら、Nd/Feは0.1以上さらには0.2以上となり得る。
皮膜は、耐食性への影響が大きい表面付近において、欠陥が少なく緻密な構造であるとよい。例えば、皮膜に含まれるボイドの最大サイズは、50nm以下、40nm以下さらには30nm以下であるとよい。ボイドの平均サイズでいうなら、例えば、30nm以下、20nm以下さらには15nmであるとよい。
本発明の希土類磁石粉末は、その用途を問わないが、例えば、水、油、それらのミスト等に曝されるボンド磁石に用いられる。ボンド磁石は、射出成形品でも圧縮成形品でもよい。
《試料の製作》
(1)原料粉末
原料粉末として、水素処理(d-HDDR)して製造された市販のNdFeB系異方性磁石粉末(愛知製鋼株式会社製マグファイン:MF-P15(Br:1.3T、iHc:1116kA/m、(BH)max:312kJ/m3、平均粒径(VMD):119μm)を用意した。この磁石粉末を試料Sとする。
オルトリン酸(関東化学株式会社製):6mLと溶媒(イソプロピルアルコール:IPA、富士フィルム和光純薬株式会社製):40mLを混合・撹拌して処理液を調製した。原料粉末に対するオルトリン酸の質量割合は0.5%とした。
ヘンシェルミキサーから回収した処理粉末をドライオーブンに入れ、大気雰囲気中で、120℃×2.5時間加熱した。
予熱工程後の処理粉末をラボプラストミル(株式会社東洋精機製作所製)に入れ、大気雰囲気中で加熱した。加熱温度(焼成温度)は200~400℃で調整した。本実施例で示す焼成温度は、実際に測定した試料の温度である。加熱時間はいずれも0.5時間(30分間)とした。こうして表1に示す試料3~9(焼成粉末)を得た。
次のような参考試料も用意した。
(1)耐食試験
各試料の粉末(焼成粉末と原料粉末)を次のような腐食環境に曝した。耐圧試験容器に各粉末:10gと試験溶液:50mLを入れて、150℃のオーブン中で100時間放置した。試験溶液には、SLLC(トヨタ株式会社製トヨタ純正スーパーロングライフクーラント)をイオン交換水で2倍(体積比)に希釈(水:SLLC=1:1)した水溶液を用いた。
耐食試験前の各試料について、パルスBHトレーサー(OP電子工業株式会社製)を用いて得られたB-H曲線から、最大エネルギー積:(BH)max、残留磁束密度:Brおよび保磁力:iHcを求めた。また、耐食試験後の各試料の保磁力も同様に測定した。いずれの測定も室温下で行った。こうして得られた各試料の磁気特性を表1にまとめて示した。耐食試験前のiHcはiHc0、耐食試験後のiHcはiHc1と記す。なお、表面処理をしていない基準となる耐食試験前の原料粉末(試料S、後述の試料T)のiHc0はiHcSとした。
(1)観察
被覆処理時の最高到達温度が異なる試料2、3、6の各粉末(耐食試験前)から無作為に抽出した粒子について、その表面近傍の断面を走査型透過型電子顕微鏡(STEM/株式会社日立ハイテク製HD-2700)とエネルギー分散型X線分析装置(アメテック株式会社製EDAX Octane T Ultra W)で観察した。断面試料の加工には電子ビーム加工観察装置(FIB-SEM/株式会社日立ハイテク社製NB5000)を用いた。その暗視野像と二次電子像を図3Aに、エネルギー分散型X線分析(EDS)に基づく元素マッピング(P、O、Nd)を図3Bにそれぞれ示した。なお、図3Aおよび図3B(両図を併せて「図3」という。)に示した観察像の倍率は8万倍である。
試料
図4に示した観察像(図3Aに示した2次電子像の低倍率(8千倍)で、広範囲(14μm×14μm)を観察した像)に基づいて、既述した方法により、皮膜断面中に観察された全てのボイド(空孔)について、各サイズ(最大幅)を測定した。その結果を図4に併せて示した。なお、試料6のボイドは、全て極微小であったため8000倍の低倍率では観察できなかった。そこで、他よりも10倍拡大したSTEM像(8万倍)に基づき、EDS像を参照しつつ測定した(図3参照)。
試料2、3、6、Sの各粉末(耐食試験前)から無作為に抽出した各粒子について、表面付近の断面を走査型オージェ電子分光装置(AES/アルバック・ファイ株式会社製PHI700Xi)で分析した。こうして各粒子の表面付近(例えば深さ400nm程度)に存在する元素を定量分析した。その結果を図5に示した。
(1)耐食性
表1および図1(特に図1C)から明らかなように、特定の焼成温度で被覆処理された磁石粉末は、腐食環境下でも減磁率が顕著に小さく、高い磁気特性を安定して発揮し得ることがわかった。
図6からわかるように、皮膜の最表域に含まれる含有比(Nd/Fe)は、試料2、3と試料6では大きく相違した。すなわち、耐食試験前後の減磁率(ΔiHc01やΔiHcS1)が大きかった試料2、3では、皮膜の最表域にNdを多く含んでいた。一方、その減磁率が顕著に小さかった試料6では、皮膜の最表域に含まれるNdがかなり少なかった。従って、最表域におけるリン酸塩皮膜の組成分布が、磁石粒子の耐食性に大きく影響することがわかった。
図3から明らかなように、焼成温度を300℃とした試料6は、他の試料と異なり、皮膜中に目立つ大きなボイドやNd濃化部等は観られなかった。
本発明の希土類磁石粉末が高耐食性を発揮する機序は定かではないが、以上の結果から推察される機序を図7に模式的に例示した。先ず、未処理な原料粒子(試料S)の表面には、理論組成に対して多く含まれていたリッチなNdまたはその酸化物(「Nd酸化物」という。)が点在していると考えられる。このようなNdやNd酸化物が磁石粒子の磁気特性を低下(つまり腐食)させる大きな要因と考えられる(試料S)。
(1)試料の製作と測定
第1実施例で示した処理工程後の加熱条件を種々変更した試料を製作した。なお、原料粉末には、第1実施例と製造ロットの異なる市販のNdFeB系異方性磁石粉末(愛知製鋼株式会社製マグファイン:MF-P15(Br:1.3T、iHc:1093kA/m、(BH)max:297kJ/m3、平均粒径(VMD):119μm)を用いた。この磁石粉末を試料Tとした。
表2および図8から明らかなように、焼成温度が特定範囲内であれば、予熱工程の有無、焼成工程の時間や雰囲気等は、磁石粉末の耐食性(減磁率)にあまり影響しないことがわかった。敢えていうなら、試料20~24は試料25より磁石粉末の耐食性が優れていた。
処理工程前の酸化工程が、希土類磁石粉末の耐食性に及ぼす影響を次のように評価した。
(1)希土類磁石粉末
既述した原料粉末に、酸化工程、処理工程、予熱工程、焼成工程を順に行なった(試料31、32)。酸化工程は、表3に示すように、100℃×1時間の加熱後(第1酸化工程)、180℃×3時間の加熱(第2酸化工程)を行なった。いずれも大気雰囲気中で加熱した。
各希土類磁石粉末と樹脂粉末(PPS)とを、溶融混合または溶融混練してコンパウンドを調製した。溶融混合または溶融混練は、特開2021-118213公報の記載(特に[0053]~[0058])に沿って行なった。こうして、ペレット(一粒あたり約φ4mm×5mm)からなる混合コンパウンド(試料31~35)または混練コンパウンド(試料36)を得た。なお、樹脂粉末は、混合コンパウンド全体または混錬コンパウンド全体のいずれに対しても15質量%(試料31~36)とした。
各コンパウンドを射出成形機(株式会社日本製鋼所製J85AD-30H)のホッパーへ投入し、加熱された流動物を金型のキャビティへ射出した。こうして立方体(一辺:11mm)のボンド磁石を得た。射出成形は、金型のキャビティに配向磁場(1.7T)を印加しつつ、金型温度:140℃、ノズル温度:300℃として行った。混練コンパウンドも混合コンパウンドも、成形に支障の無い流動性を示し、磁石粉末の均一分散性は確保されていた。
(1)耐食試験
各ボンド磁石を既述の腐食環境(150℃の水溶液中)に100時間曝した。
各ボンド磁石について、耐食試験の前・後の磁気特性を、直流BHトレーサー(東英工業株式会社製TRF-5BH-25AUTO)を用いて常温で測定した。得られたB-H曲線から、保磁力(iHc)を求めた。そのB-H曲線から、磁束密度がBrの90%となる逆磁界の大きさ(Hk)も求めた。Hkは、逆磁界に対する有効磁束密度の指標または磁化曲線(J-Hカーブ)の角形性の指標となる。
表3または図9から明らかなように、所定温度域で焼成工程がされた磁石粉末からなるボンド磁石(試料31~33)は、腐食環境下に長時間曝されても、磁気特性の劣化が少なかった。つまり、試料31~33のボンド磁石は、焼成工程がされなかった磁石粉末からなるボンド磁石(試料34~36)よりも、優れた耐食性を示した。
Claims (12)
- Nd、FeおよびBを含む磁石粒子とリン酸イオンを含む処理液とを接触させる処理工程と、
該処理工程後の磁石粒子を250~350℃の焼成温度で加熱する焼成工程とを備え、
P、OおよびFeを含む皮膜を有する磁石粒子からなる希土類磁石粉末の製造方法。 - Nd、FeおよびBを含む磁石粒子を酸化雰囲気中で加熱する酸化工程と、
該酸化工程後の磁石粒子とリン酸イオンを含む処理液とを接触させる処理工程と、
該処理工程後の磁石粒子を250~350℃の焼成温度で加熱する焼成工程とを備え、
P、OおよびFeを含む皮膜を有する磁石粒子からなる希土類磁石粉末の製造方法。 - 前記処理工程後で前記焼成工程前に、前記焼成温度よりも低温で加熱する予熱工程をさらに備える請求項1または2に記載の希土類磁石粉末の製造方法。
- 前記焼成工程は、酸化雰囲気下でなされる請求項1または2に記載の希土類磁石粉末の製造方法。
- 皮膜を有する磁石粒子からなる希土類磁石粉末であって、
該磁石粒子は、Nd、FeおよびBを含み、
該皮膜は、P、OおよびFeを含み、
該皮膜に含まれるNdのFeに対する原子割合である含有比(Nd/Fe)が、該皮膜の最表面から深さ10nmまでの最表域で0.5以下である希土類磁石粉末。 - 皮膜を有する磁石粒子からなる希土類磁石粉末であって、
該磁石粒子は、Nd、FeおよびBを含み、
該皮膜は、P、OおよびFeを含み、
該皮膜に含まれるボイドの最大サイズは50nm以下である希土類磁石粉末。 - 前記磁石粒子は、磁石合金に水素処理して得られた異方性磁石粒子である請求項5または6に記載の希土類磁石粉末。
- 湿潤環境または油環境に曝されるボンド磁石に用いられる請求項5または6に記載の希土類磁石粉末。
- 請求項5または6に記載の希土類磁石粉末と、
バインダ樹脂と、
を備えるボンド磁石。 - 前記バインダ樹脂は、前記ボンド磁石全体に対して2~35質量%含まれる請求項9に記載のボンド磁石。
- 前記バインダ樹脂は、熱可塑性樹脂である請求項9に記載のボンド磁石。
- 湿潤環境または油環境に曝される請求項9に記載のボンド磁石。
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| WO2010071111A1 (ja) * | 2008-12-15 | 2010-06-24 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | 希土類元素を含む鉄系磁石合金粉、およびその製造方法、得られるボンド磁石用樹脂組成物、ボンド磁石、並びに圧密磁石 |
| JP2011052277A (ja) * | 2009-09-02 | 2011-03-17 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd | ボンド磁石用希土類−鉄系磁石粉末とその製造方法 |
| JP5499738B2 (ja) * | 2009-02-03 | 2014-05-21 | 戸田工業株式会社 | 表面処理された希土類系磁性粉末、該希土類系磁性粉末を含有するボンド磁石用樹脂組成物並びにボンド磁石 |
| JP2018009200A (ja) * | 2016-07-11 | 2018-01-18 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | ボンド磁石用希土類−鉄系磁石粉末とその製造方法、ボンド磁石用樹脂組成物およびボンド磁石 |
-
2021
- 2021-12-24 WO PCT/JP2021/048083 patent/WO2023119612A1/ja not_active Ceased
-
2022
- 2022-11-07 JP JP2023569140A patent/JPWO2023119908A1/ja active Pending
- 2022-11-07 WO PCT/JP2022/041306 patent/WO2023119908A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2022-11-07 CN CN202280082911.6A patent/CN118355461A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3882490B2 (ja) * | 2000-10-13 | 2007-02-14 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | 高耐候性磁石粉の製造方法及び得られる製品 |
| JP3882545B2 (ja) * | 2000-11-13 | 2007-02-21 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | 高耐候性磁石粉及びこれを用いた磁石 |
| WO2008146368A1 (ja) * | 2007-05-30 | 2008-12-04 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | 高耐食性希土類永久磁石の製造方法及び使用方法 |
| WO2010071111A1 (ja) * | 2008-12-15 | 2010-06-24 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | 希土類元素を含む鉄系磁石合金粉、およびその製造方法、得られるボンド磁石用樹脂組成物、ボンド磁石、並びに圧密磁石 |
| JP5499738B2 (ja) * | 2009-02-03 | 2014-05-21 | 戸田工業株式会社 | 表面処理された希土類系磁性粉末、該希土類系磁性粉末を含有するボンド磁石用樹脂組成物並びにボンド磁石 |
| JP2011052277A (ja) * | 2009-09-02 | 2011-03-17 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd | ボンド磁石用希土類−鉄系磁石粉末とその製造方法 |
| JP2018009200A (ja) * | 2016-07-11 | 2018-01-18 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | ボンド磁石用希土類−鉄系磁石粉末とその製造方法、ボンド磁石用樹脂組成物およびボンド磁石 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN118355461A (zh) | 2024-07-16 |
| JPWO2023119908A1 (ja) | 2023-06-29 |
| WO2023119612A1 (ja) | 2023-06-29 |
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