WO2023117552A1 - Procede de rejuvenation de masses de captation de metaux lourds - Google Patents
Procede de rejuvenation de masses de captation de metaux lourds Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023117552A1 WO2023117552A1 PCT/EP2022/085453 EP2022085453W WO2023117552A1 WO 2023117552 A1 WO2023117552 A1 WO 2023117552A1 EP 2022085453 W EP2022085453 W EP 2022085453W WO 2023117552 A1 WO2023117552 A1 WO 2023117552A1
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- capture mass
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/64—Heavy metals or compounds thereof, e.g. mercury
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G25/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, with solid sorbents
- C10G25/12—Recovery of used adsorbent
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Definitions
- the present invention is in the field of the treatment of liquid or gaseous effluents containing heavy metals (metal having a density greater than 5 g/cm 3 ), in particular effluents of petroleum origin and their derivatives such as of industrial origin such as synthesis gas, natural gas and liquid hydrocarbons. More specifically, the invention relates to the capture of heavy metals, and in particular mercury, present in a gaseous or liquid effluent.
- heavy metals metal having a density greater than 5 g/cm 3
- effluents of petroleum origin and their derivatives such as of industrial origin such as synthesis gas, natural gas and liquid hydrocarbons.
- the invention relates to the capture of heavy metals, and in particular mercury, present in a gaseous or liquid effluent.
- mercury is desired at the industrial level for several reasons.
- the presence of mercury in hydrocarbons poses risks to operators working in contact with these products because mercury is toxic.
- mercury is volatile and poses serious neurotoxicity risks when inhaled.
- In organic form mercury presents similar risks of neurotoxicity through skin contact.
- the presence of mercury in the hydrocarbons is detrimental to conventional processing operations used to upgrade these hydrocarbons.
- hydrocarbons are subjected to catalytic reactions such as the selective hydrogenation of olefins produced by steam cracking or the catalytic cracking of liquid hydrocarbons.
- the catalysts used generally comprising noble metals such as platinum and palladium can be deactivated by mercury.
- mercury induces a deactivation of catalysts by amalgamation with nanoparticles of noble metals.
- the reduction of the exposed surface of the active phase of the catalysts, or the change of their electronic state leads to a very significant loss of their catalytic activity.
- the presence of mercury in gases sent for cryogenic distillation can lead to a risk of industrial accident.
- Cryogenic exchangers are generally composed of aluminum elements. Under certain conditions, the mercury can amalgamate with the aluminium, leading to embrittlement of the material, leading in the most serious cases to the breakage of the aluminum part.
- the elimination of mercury from gaseous or liquid effluents is carried out by circulating the effluent to be treated through guard beds filled with adsorbent materials, otherwise called capture masses.
- the impurity to be eliminated, here mercury is then retained irreversibly, preferably by chemisorption, within or on the surface of the capture mass.
- the effluent evacuated from the capture mass bed is then purified.
- the capture of mercury can be carried out by reacting, in a capture mass, the mercury with an active phase based on elemental sulfur.
- elemental sulfur, S (s) reacts irreversibly with elemental mercury, Hg° (g/l), to form mercury (II) sulphide, HgS (s).
- Hg° (g/l) it is meant that the mercury is dissolved in a gaseous (g) or liquid (I) fluid phase.
- (s) denotes the solid phases consisting of the active phase of the capture mass and of the reaction product.
- HgS HgS
- cinnabar metacinnabar
- metacinnabar a mineral phase that is chemically inert and solid over a wide temperature range. The mercury is thus trapped in the capture mass and the effluent to be treated is purified.
- the capture masses based on elemental sulfur are obtained by a method of impregnation of elemental sulfur on an activated carbon type support.
- the capture masses based on elemental sulfur deposited on activated carbon very often have stability problems when the effluent to be treated is liquid or when the effluent to be treated is gaseous and humid because the active phase can be entrained by the water or other liquid.
- This phenomenon linked to the low energy interaction between the active phase and the surface of the activated carbon, to the oxidation of the active phase or to the solubility of sulfur in these media, leads to a drastic drop in the lifetime of the masses of capture.
- US patent document 7645306 describes the fact that elemental mercury, Hg° (g/l), irreversibly reduces copper (II) sulphide, CuS (s), to form copper (I) sulphide, CU2S (s), and mercury(II) sulfide, HgS(s). It is a gas/solid or liquid/solid reaction which is all the more favored from a kinetic point of view as the specific surface of the active phase, in this case the CuS, is important.
- the metal sulphide can be implemented in bulk or supported form.
- the role of the support consists in dispersing the active phase.
- So-called mass solids are for example described in patent EP 0480603.
- Patents for example FR 2980722, FR 2764214 and US 7,560,413 describe the use of CuS-type capture masses deposited on a support essentially based on alumina.
- the capture masses are generally implemented in non-regenerative processes. Indeed, the mercury once captured has been transformed into HgS which deposits itself on the surface of the solid.
- HgS is a very thermally stable solid which only decomposes under oxygen above 737°C. In fact, to regenerate these masses, they would have to be treated at temperatures above 737°C, which would be very costly in terms of energy. Furthermore, this would require special equipment and could not, in the majority of cases, be carried out on the industrial site having implemented the mass for capturing heavy metals.
- the copper phase effective to react with Hg is mainly the CuS phase.
- the thermodynamically stable phase at high temperatures is the CU2S phase. Studies carried out between 278 and 354°C show in particular that the prolonged sulphidation of CuO under H2S/N2 leads to CuS then to CU7S4 (Yasyerli, S.; Dogu, G.; Ar, I.; Dogu, T. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2001, 40 (23), 5206-5214).
- a first object of the present description is to overcome the problems of the prior art and to provide a process for the rejuvenation of heavy metal capture masses.
- the rejuvenation process makes it possible to restore the capacity for capturing heavy metals to the capture masses loaded with heavy metals.
- the used capture masses can be reused instead of being discharged to be replaced.
- the Applicant has identified in a surprising manner that a rejuvenation by sulfurization of the capture masses loaded with metals allowed said masses to regain a capacity for capturing heavy metals by restoring all or part of the active phase, such as copper in its CuS form, without mercury release.
- the masses for capturing heavy metals have an improved capacity for capturing heavy metals compared to the masses for capturing before treatment.
- the present invention also relates to a process for implementing these capture masses for the elimination of heavy metals, such as mercury, from gaseous or liquid hydrocarbon feedstocks.
- the rejuvenation by sulfurization according to the invention therefore makes it possible to extend the life of the capture mass and consequently to space out the operations of loading and unloading the capture masses, which makes it possible to simplify the operations and reduce operational costs.
- the aforementioned objects, as well as other advantages, are obtained by a process for the rejuvenation of a mass for capturing heavy metals loaded with heavy metals, in which the mass for capturing is brought into contact with a flow sulphurous.
- the heavy metal is chosen from the group consisting of mercury, arsenic, lead.
- the heavy metal is mercury.
- the sulfurizing flux is chosen from the group consisting of hydrogen sulphide, dimethyl sulphide, dimethyl disulphide, methanethiol, or any other molecule containing sulfur capable of decomposing into hydrogen sulphide under the conditions of implementation or of decomposing into sulphurizing molecule in the presence of a metal sulphide, such as a copper or iron sulphide.
- the sulfurizing stream is sent at a gaseous hourly space velocity GHSV of between 10 h -1 and 5000 h -1 .
- the sulfurizing stream is sent at a liquid hourly space velocity LHSV of between 0.1 h ⁇ 1 and 50 h ⁇ 1 .
- the sulfurizing stream is sent at a pressure of between 0.1 MPa and 15 MPa and/or a temperature of between 0°C and 600°C.
- the capture mass loaded with heavy metals is a massive solid or a supported solid comprising a porous support based on refractory oxide.
- the capture mass loaded with heavy metals has at least one of the following characteristics:
- metal M present at least partly in a sulphide form M x S y , said metal M being chosen from the group consisting of copper, molybdenum, tungsten, iron, nickel or cobalt .
- the capture mass loaded with heavy metals has a heavy metal content of between 0.1% by weight and 50% by weight, relative to the total weight of the capture mass loaded with heavy metals.
- the aforementioned objects, as well as other advantages, are obtained by a capture mass obtainable by the process according to the first aspect, ie, a rejuvenated capture mass having a heavy metal content of between 0.1 % by weight and 45% by weight, relative to the total weight of the rejuvenated capture mass.
- the rejuvenated capture mass is in the form of a mass solid or supported solid comprising a porous support based on refractory oxide.
- the rejuvenated capture mass has at least one of the following characteristics:
- metal M present at least partly in a sulphide form M x S y , said metal M being chosen from the group consisting of copper, molybdenum, tungsten, iron, nickel or cobalt .
- the heavy metal is chosen from the group consisting of mercury, arsenic, lead.
- the heavy metal is mercury.
- the aforementioned objects, as well as other advantages, are obtained by a process for capturing heavy metals in a gaseous or liquid charge, comprising bringing the charge into contact with a rejuvenated capture mass obtainable by the method according to the first aspect or a rejuvenated capture mass according to the second aspect.
- the textural and structural properties of the capture mass are determined by characterization methods known to those skilled in the art.
- specific surface means the B.E.T. determined by nitrogen adsorption in accordance with the ASTM D 3663-78 standard established from the BRUNAUER-EMMETT-TELLER method described in the periodical “The Journal of American Society”, 60, 309, (1938).
- the pore volume, the grain density, the average size (or average diameter) of the pores, and the pore distribution are determined by mercury porosimetry (cf. Rouquerol F.; Rouquerol J.; Singh K. “Adsorption by Powders & Porous Solids: Principle, methodology and applications”, Academic Press, 1999). More particularly, the pore volume is measured by mercury porosimetry according to the ASTM D4284-92 standard with a wetting angle of 140°, for example by means of an Autopore IIITM model device from the MicromériticsTM brand.
- the term “comprise” is synonymous with (means the same as) "include” and “contain”, and is inclusive or open-ended and does not exclude other non-recited elements. It is understood that the term “include” includes the exclusive and closed term “consist”.
- the term “based on” is synonymous with “comprises at least 80% by weight of”. By default, the percentages given are % weight.
- the terms “essentially” or “substantially” correspond to an approximation of ⁇ 5%, preferably of ⁇ 1%, very preferably of ⁇ 0.5%, eg ⁇ 0.1%.
- an effluent essentially comprising or consisting of compounds A corresponds to an effluent comprising at least 95% by weight of compounds A.
- the present invention relates to a process for the rejuvenation of heavy metal capture masses making it possible to restore the heavy metal capture capacity of used capture masses, i.e. loaded with heavy metals, intended to be unloaded to be replaced.
- the method comprises a step of rejuvenation of the capture mass loaded with heavy metals by sulfurization.
- the rejuvenated capture masses have an improved capacity for capturing heavy metals compared to the capture masses used before treatment.
- the rejuvenated capture masses resulting from the treatment according to the invention do not again become identical to those of departure because the quantity of heavy metals captured during their use is not eliminated by sulphurization.
- the capture capacities of the rejuvenated capture masses resulting from this treatment remain significantly lower than those of the fresh masses. This is why this process is a process of rejuvenation and not of regeneration.
- the capture mass loaded with heavy metals is subjected to a sulfurization step a) with a sulfurizing flux.
- step a) the addition of sulfur in the sulfurizing stream is any precursor known to those skilled in the art, such as for example hydrogen sulphide or an organo-sulphur compound such as dimethyl sulphide, dimethyl disulphide, methanethiol, or any other molecule containing sulfur capable of decomposing into hydrogen sulphide under the conditions of implementation or of decomposing into another sulphurizing molecule in the presence of transition metal sulphide.
- the content in molar % of sulfur in the sulfurizing stream is between 0.01% and 100%, preferably between 0.05% and 50%, even more preferably between 0, 1% and 20%.
- the sulfurizing stream can be gaseous or liquid. Preferably, the sulfurizing stream is gaseous.
- the sulfurizing flux comprises a liquid or gaseous diluent, such as nitrogen.
- the contact temperature between the sulfurizing flux and the rejuvenable capture mass is between 0° C. and 600° C., preferably between 20°C and 400°C and even more preferably between 30°C and 350°C.
- the formation of CuS is favored.
- the pressure of the sulfurization step is between 0.1 MPa and 15 MPa, preferably between 1 and 12.5 MPa, preferably between 1 MPa and 10 MPa.
- the bringing into contact of the rejuvenable capture mass with the sulfurizing flow is carried out at a gas hourly space velocity GHSV (or "Gas Hourly Space Velocity" according to the Anglo-Saxon terminology) of between 10 h ⁇ 1 and 5000 h′ 1 , preferably between 50 h ⁇ 1 and 2000 h′ 1 , preferably between 100 h ⁇ 1 and 1100 h ⁇ 1 .
- GHSV is meant the hourly gaseous space velocity of the sulfurizing stream relative to the volume of the capture mass, that is to say the volume of the sulfurizing stream divided by the volume of the reactor and per hour.
- the reactor volume includes the volume of the capture mass and the "empty" volume between the grains.
- the bringing into contact of the rejuvenable capture mass with the sulfurizing liquid flow is carried out at a liquid hourly space velocity LHSV (or "Liquid Hourly Space Velocity" according to the English terminology) of between 0 ,1 and 50 h -1 preferably between 0.5 h -1 and 20 h -1 , preferably between 1 h -1 and 11 h -1 .
- LHSV liquid hourly space velocity
- the term “LHSV” is understood to mean the liquid hourly space velocity of the sulfurizing stream relative to the volume of the capture mass, that is to say the volume of the sulfurizing stream divided by the volume of the reactor and per hour.
- the reactor volume includes the volume of the capture mass and the "empty" volume between the grains.
- a quantity of sulfurizing flux comprising between 0.1% by weight and 50% by weight of sulfur relative to the total weight of the rejuvenable capture mass, passes through the rejuvenable capture mass.
- the rejuvenation process according to the invention has no impact on the HgS formed.
- the mercury content in the sulfurizing stream at the outlet of step a) of the preparation process according to the invention is zero.
- the method according to the invention can be implemented in situ or ex situ.
- the method according to the invention is implemented in situ.
- the process according to the invention can be implemented according to all the methods known to those skilled in the art.
- the sulfurization is carried out in a reactor containing the rejuvenable collection mass in the form of a fixed bed.
- the masses for capturing heavy metals are implemented in at least two reactors (e.g. fixed beds) arranged in series or in parallel.
- the rejuvenation process can be implemented without the capture of heavy metals being stopped. Indeed, when a mass for capturing heavy metals is worn and requires rejuvenation, the reactor in which it is implemented can be disconnected from the load to be purified containing heavy metals and connected to the sulphurizing flow. Simultaneously, the charge to be purified is connected to one or more other reactors containing heavy metal capture masses having heavy metal capture capacities (e.g. fresh or rejuvenated capture masses).
- the recoverable capture mass according to the invention is any type of used heavy metal capture mass (i.e. containing heavy metals, such as mercury) known to those skilled in the art.
- the rejuvenable capture mass has an atomic content of heavy metal (e.g. mercury) of between 0.1 and 50% by weight, preferably between 0.5 and 30% by weight, even more preferably between 1.0 and 20%, e.g. between 5% by weight and 15% by weight, relative to the total weight of the rejuvenable capture mass.
- heavy metal e.g. mercury
- a heavy metal has a density greater than 5 g/cm 3 .
- the heavy metal is chosen from the group consisting of mercury, arsenic and lead.
- the heavy metal is mercury.
- the rejuvenable capture mass is a capture mass containing:
- metal M present at least partly in a sulphide form (sulphide, disulphide, etc.), said metal M being chosen from the group consisting of copper, molybdenum, tungsten, iron, nickel or cobalt, preferably copper, iron, nickel or cobalt, very preferably copper or iron, - at least one heavy metal in a sulphide form.
- the rejuvenable capture mass comprises at least 0.1% by weight, preferably at least 1% by weight, very preferably at least 10% by weight, of metal M (in an elementary form) relative to the weight total rejuvenable capture mass.
- the rejuvenable capture mass comprises from 0.1 wt% to 60 wt%, preferably from 1 wt% to 40 wt%, very preferably from 10 wt% to 20 wt%, of metal M ( in an elementary form) relative to the total weight of the rejuvenable capture mass.
- the sulphidation treatment makes it possible to transform (e.g. oxidize) the metal sulphide (CU2S) having been formed at the same time as the heavy metal sulphide (HgS), into a species reactive with respect to the heavy metal.
- this treatment makes it possible to transform CU2S back into CuS and FeS into Fe2Ss and/or FeS2.
- the recoverable capture mass is a spent CuS-based capture mass containing heavy metals, such as mercury.
- the rejuvenable capture mass comprises copper (I) sulfide, CU2S (s). According to one or more embodiments, the rejuvenable capture mass comprises copper sulphide (I), CU2S (s), and mercury sulphide (H), HgS (s).
- the rejuvenable collection mass is a collection mass based on Fe2Ss and/or spent FeS2 containing heavy metals, such as mercury.
- the rejuvenable capture mass is a spent FeS2-based capture mass containing heavy metals, such as mercury.
- the rejuvenable capture mass comprises iron (III) sulphide, Fe2Ss (s) and/or iron (IV) disulphide, FeS2 (s).
- the rejuvenable capture mass comprises iron (II) sulphide, FeS (s), and iron (IV) disulphide, FeS2 (s) and/or iron (III) sulphide , Fe2Ss (s).
- the rejuvenable capture mass according to the invention as well as the starting capture mass for the preparation of said rejuvenable capture mass can be a so-called mass solid, a supported solid or a combination thereof.
- mass solid is meant a solid prepared by shaping one or more precursors (eg copper or iron precursor) with one or more binders.
- supported solid is meant a solid prepared by depositing the active phase (eg based on copper or other active metals) on a porous support.
- This porous support can be any type of porous support based on refractory oxide, such as silica, alumina, silica-alumina, activated carbon or their combination.
- the rejuvenable capture mass according to the invention as well as the starting capture mass for the preparation of said rejuvenable capture mass is in the form of balls, or cylinder-type extrudates , multilobe, cartwheel, hollow cylinder or any other geometric shape used by those skilled in the art.
- the rejuvenable capture mass according to the invention as well as the starting capture mass for the preparation of said rejuvenable capture mass comprises at least one metal M present at least in part in a sulphide form M x S y , said metal M being chosen from the group consisting of copper, molybdenum, tungsten, iron, nickel or cobalt, preferably copper, iron, nickel or cobalt.
- the metal M is copper.
- the rejuvenable capture mass according to the invention as well as the starting capture mass for the preparation of said rejuvenable capture mass has a pore volume of at least 0.1 mL/g.
- the rejuvenable capture mass according to the invention as well as the starting capture mass for the preparation of said rejuvenable capture mass has a specific surface of at least 10 m 2 /g.
- the initial capture mass can be prepared by any means known to those skilled in the art.
- the starting capture mass is prepared according to the following steps:
- a support is impregnated (e.g. dry) with a precursor of metal M (e.g. in solution),
- the product obtained in the previous step is allowed to mature (e.g. for 30 min-12h, e.g. at room temperature),
- the material obtained in the previous step is dried (e.g. for 30 min-12h, e.g. at a temperature between 60-150°C),
- the material obtained in the previous step is calcined (eg for 15 min-6h, eg at a temperature between 200 and 600°C), - the product obtained in the previous step is sulphided (eg at atmospheric pressure, eg at a temperature between 150 and 350° C., eg under a gas stream, such as nitrogen, containing a sulfur precursor, such as 1 -10% molar of H 2 S).
- the preparation of the rejuvenable capture mass can be carried out by a step of capturing heavy metals in a gaseous or liquid charge, comprising bringing the charge to be treated into contact with the starting capture mass.
- the contacting can preferably be carried out by injecting the charge to be treated into a reactor containing the rejuvenable capture mass in the form of a fixed bed.
- the gaseous or liquid effluent to be treated may contain heavy metals, for example mercury, arsenic or lead, in different forms.
- heavy metals for example mercury, arsenic or lead
- mercury can be found in a form called Hg°, corresponding to elementary or atomic mercury, in molecular form, and/or in ionic form, for example Hg 2+ and its complexes.
- the concentration of heavy metals in the gaseous or liquid effluent to be treated can be variable.
- the gaseous effluent to be treated can preferably contain between 10 ng and 1 g of mercury per Nm 3 of gas.
- the liquid effluent to be treated can preferably contain between 10 ng and 1 g of mercury per m 3 of liquid.
- this gaseous or liquid effluent to be treated may contain arsenic and/or lead in various forms.
- the lead content of the effluent can be between 1 ppt ("part per trillion" according to the Anglo-Saxon terminology, i.e. 10 12 ) by weight and 100 ppm ("part per million” according to the Anglo-Saxon terminology, i.e. 10 6 ) by weight
- the arsenic content can be between 100 ppt by weight and 100 ppb (“part per billion” according to the English terminology, ie 10 9 ) by weight.
- the effluent to be treated may contain other elements such as sulfur and nitrogen in different forms.
- the sulfur may be present in the form of organic sulfur such as in the form of mercaptans or else of thiophene.
- the sulfur content of the effluent can be between 1 ppt by weight and 1000 ppm by weight, and the nitrogen content can be between 1 ppt by weight and 100 ppm by weight.
- neither the nitrogen nor the sulfur which may be present in the effluent to be treated cause any loss of performance of the process according to the invention.
- the contact of the charge to be treated with the initial capture mass can be carried out at a temperature between -50°C and 150°C, preferably between 0°C and 110°C, and very preferably between 20°C and 100°C.
- the contacting of the load to be treated with the capture mass can be carried out at an absolute pressure comprised between 0.01 MPa and 20 MPa, preferentially between 0.1 MPa and 15 MPa, and very preferentially between 0.1 MPa and 12 MPa.
- the step of bringing the charge to be treated into contact with the initial capture mass can be carried out with a liquid hourly space velocity LHSV (or "Liquid Hourly Space Velocity" according to English terminology) of between 0.1 h ⁇ 1 and 50 h ⁇ 1 , preferably between 0.5 h ⁇ 1 and 20 h′ 1 , preferentially between 1 h ⁇ 1 and 11 h′ 1 .
- LHSV liquid hourly space velocity
- the term “LHSV” is understood to mean the liquid hourly space velocity of the feed relative to the volume of the capture mass, that is to say the volume of the liquid feed divided by the volume of the reactor and per hour.
- the reactor volume includes the volume of the capture mass and the "empty" volume between the grains.
- the step of bringing the charge to be treated into contact with the initial capture mass can be carried out with a gas hourly space velocity GHSV (or "Gas Hourly Space Velocity" according to the English terminology) of 10 h -1 and 5000 h -1 , preferably between 50 h -1 and 2000 h -1 , preferably between 100 h -1 and 1100 h -1 .
- GHSV gas hourly space velocity
- the reactor volume includes the volume of the capture mass and the "empty" volume between the grains.
- the present invention also relates to a mass for capturing heavy metals (rejuvenated) present in gaseous or liquid hydrocarbon feedstocks, obtained by a process for the rejuvenation of masses for capturing heavy metals according to the first aspect.
- the rejuvenated capture mass according to the invention comprises at least one heavy metal (eg mercury) and at least one metal M present at least in part in a sulphide form M x S y , said metal M being chosen from the group consisting of copper, molybdenum, tungsten, iron, nickel or cobalt, preferably copper, iron, nickel or cobalt.
- the metal M is copper.
- the rejuvenated capture mass has a heavy metal content (eg mercury) of between 0.1 and 45% by weight, preferably between 0.5 and 30% by weight, even more preferably between 1.0 and 20%, eg between 5% by weight and 15% by weight, relative to the total weight of the rejuvenated capture mass.
- the rejuvenated capture mass according to the invention preferably has at least 50% (mol/mol), preferably at least 70% (mol/mol), such as at least 90% (mol/mol), of metal M sulphided under the M x S y form, very preferably at least 95% (mol/mol) of sulfurized metal M in the M x S y form.
- the sulfur fraction contained in the sulfide form M x S y preferably satisfies y ⁇ 2.
- the rejuvenated capture mass according to the invention has a X-ray diffraction diagram in which appear at least the diffraction lines characteristic of the sulphide of a heavy metal, such as HgS in cinnabar or metacinnabar form, preferably cinnabar, and/or the diffraction lines characteristic of the sulphide metal M, such as covellite-type CuS.
- a heavy metal such as HgS in cinnabar or metacinnabar form, preferably cinnabar
- the rejuvenated capture mass is in the form of a ball, or extrudates of the cylinder, multilobe, cartwheel, hollow cylinder or any other geometric shape used by those skilled in the art.
- the rejuvenated capture mass has a pore volume of at least 0.1 mL/g.
- the rejuvenated capture mass has a specific surface of at least 10 m 2 /g.
- the present invention also relates to a process for implementing the capture masses according to the second aspect for the elimination of heavy metals and in particular mercury from gaseous or liquid hydrocarbon feedstocks.
- the rejuvenated capture mass makes it possible to treat both liquid and gaseous effluents.
- the effluent can be a humid gas or one containing vapors of condensable compounds, without this notably reducing the lifetime of the mass of capture.
- the hygrometry rate of the gaseous effluent defined as the ratio of the partial pressure of water to the saturation vapor pressure of water at a given temperature, can be between 0% and 100%, preferably between 1 % and 95%, and more preferably between 2% and 90%.
- the use of rejuvenated capture mass is particularly suitable for the treatment of liquid or gaseous effluents of petroleum origin and their derivatives. It is common for such effluents to contain heavy metals.
- the gaseous or liquid effluent to be treated in the process according to the invention can advantageously be chosen from the group consisting of combustion fumes, bioproduced gas, synthesis gas, natural gas, natural gas condensates, petroleum , liquid or gaseous petroleum cuts, petrochemical intermediates and mixtures thereof.
- the gaseous or liquid effluent to be treated in the process according to the invention is advantageously chosen from the group consisting of combustion fumes, synthesis gas, natural gas, natural gas condensates, crude oil and liquid hydrocarbon cuts from refineries or petrochemical plants.
- the combustion fumes are produced by the combustion of hydrocarbons, biogas and coal in a boiler or by a combustion gas turbine, for example with the aim of producing electricity.
- the combustion fumes have a temperature generally between 20° C. and 60° C., a pressure generally between 0.1 MPa (1 bar) and 0.5 MPa (5 bars).
- the combustion fumes comprise, by volume, between 50% and 80% nitrogen, between 5% and 40% carbon dioxide, between 1% and 20% oxygen, and potentially impurities such as SO X and NO X , if said impurities have not been eliminated upstream by a deacidification process.
- the bioproduced gas is a gas produced by the methanation or else the fermentation of animal or vegetable organic matter in the absence of oxygen. It can be produced naturally, for example in landfills containing organic waste, or artificially in methanizers or digesters supplied with animal manure, organic or agricultural waste, sludge from water treatment plants.
- Biogas consists mainly (i.e., at least 50% by weight) of methane and CO2, the proportion of which varies according to the origin of the raw material used.
- the synthesis gas is a gas containing carbon monoxide CO, hydrogen H 2 , water vapor (generally at saturation) and carbon dioxide CO2.
- the H2/CO molar ratio of the synthesis gas is substantially equal to 2.
- the carbon dioxide CO2 has a content of approximately 10% by volume of the syngas. synthesis.
- the pressure of the synthesis gases most frequently encountered in industry is generally between 2 MPa (20 bars) and 3 MPa (30 bars), but it can reach 7 MPa (70 bars).
- the synthesis gas may also contain sulfur (H 2 S, COS, etc.), nitrogen (NH 3 , HCN, etc.) and halogen impurities.
- the natural gas consists mainly of gaseous hydrocarbons.
- the natural gas contains at least one of the following acid compounds: carbon dioxide CO2, hydrogen sulphide H 2 S, mercaptans, carbon oxysulphide COS and carbon sulphide CS2 .
- the content of natural gas in these acid compounds is very variable and can go up to 40% by volume for CO2 and H 2 S.
- the temperature of natural gas most frequently encountered in industry can be between 20° C and 100°C and its pressure can be between 1 MPa (10 bars) and 20 MPa (200 bars).
- the natural gas condensates consist of liquid hydrocarbons, the production of which is associated with the production of natural gas. These complex liquid mixtures are very similar to petroleum crudes.
- the liquid refinery hydrocarbons include LPGs (C3-C4 cut), naphthas (C5-C8 cut), kerosenes and diesels.
- the liquid hydrocarbons of petrochemical plants include LPGs (C3-C4 cut) and cracked gasolines (or “Pyrolysis Gasoline” also called “PyGas” according to the Anglo-Saxon terminology).
- the bringing into contact of the gaseous or liquid effluent to be treated with the capture mass in the method according to the invention can be carried out at a temperature between -50°C and 150°C, preferentially between 0°C and 110°C, and more preferentially between 20°C and 100°C.
- the bringing into contact of the gaseous or liquid effluent to be treated with the capture mass in the method according to the invention can be carried out at an absolute pressure of between 0.01 MPa (0.1 bar) and 20 MPa (200 bars), preferably between 0.1 MPa (1 bar) and 15 MPa (150 bars), and more preferably between 0.1 MPa (1 bar) and 12 MPa (120 bars).
- the step of bringing the charge to be treated into contact with the rejuvenated capture mass can be carried out with a liquid hourly space velocity LHSV (or "Liquid Hourly Space Velocity" according to English terminology) of between 0.1 h - 1 and 50 h 1 , preferably between 0.5 h -1 and 20 h -1 , preferably between 1 h -1 and 11 h 1 .
- LHSV liquid hourly space velocity
- the term “LHSV” is understood to mean the liquid hourly space velocity of the feed relative to the volume of the capture mass, that is to say the volume of the liquid feed divided by the volume of the reactor and per hour.
- the reactor volume includes the volume of the capture mass and the "empty" volume between the grains.
- the step of bringing the charge to be treated into contact with the rejuvenated capture mass can be carried out with a gas hourly space velocity GHSV (or "Gas Hourly Space Velocity" according to the English terminology) of between 10 h -1 and 5000 h ⁇ 1 , preferably between 50 h ⁇ 1 and 2000 h′ 1 , preferably between 100 h ⁇ 1 and 1100 h′ 1 .
- GHSV gas hourly space velocity of the charge relative to the volume of the capture mass, that is to say the volume of the gaseous charge divided by the volume of the reactor and per hour.
- the reactor volume includes the volume of the capture mass and the "empty" volume between the grains.
- said gaseous or liquid effluent Prior to bringing the liquid or gaseous effluent to be treated into contact with the capture mass (starting or rejuvenated), said gaseous or liquid effluent can be pretreated.
- This pretreatment may consist of heating or cooling, compression or expansion, and/or purification treatment to eliminate or reduce the content of the effluent in a compound deemed undesirable.
- the pretreatment may include a step of reducing the relative humidity of a gaseous effluent.
- the reduction in the relative humidity of a gaseous effluent can be obtained using any means known to those skilled in the art, in particular a mass for capturing water, for example a molecular sieve based on zeolite, a glycol process as described for example in document WO 2005/047438, a step of heating the effluent in a heat exchanger making it possible to raise its temperature, for example from 3°C to 10°C or a step effluent cooling.
- a mass for capturing heavy metals M1 is prepared by impregnating a support S1 based essentially on alumina with a pore volume measured by mercury porosimetry (cf. Rouquerol F.; Rouquerol J.; Singh K. “Adsorption by Powders & Porous Solids: Principle, methodology and applications”, Academic Press, 1999) of 0.98 mL/g, with a solution of Cu(NO3).3H 2 0 then sulfurization.
- the protocol followed is as follows:
- an impregnation solution is prepared by dissolving Cu(NO3)2.3H 2 O in a volume of water making it possible to obtain the volume necessary to fill the entire porous volume of the aluminum support (concentration of the solution: 2.04.10 -6 mol/L of Cu 2+ );
- the porous support is impregnated by slow spraying with said solution prepared in the previous step;
- the material obtained in the previous step is calcined at 450° C. in a humid atmosphere for 45 min in a tube furnace;
- the product obtained in the preceding step is sulphided at atmospheric pressure under a stream of nitrogen containing 5% molar of H 2 S diluted in nitrogen at a temperature of 250°C.
- the heavy metal capture mass M1 is saturated with mercury by bringing it into contact with mercury in the gas phase 3500 pg/Nm 3 in N 2 at 50°C under 2 MPa (20 bars) under a flow of 0.3 Nm 3 / h, at a GHSV of 1000 h -1 to obtain a rejuvenable capture mass Mi sât.
- the rejuvenable capture mass Mi sât is subjected to a flow of H 2 S diluted to 2% volume in nitrogen of 0.3 Nm 3 /h at 350° C. and 2 MPa (20 bars) for 12 h at a GHSV of 1000 h -1 to obtain a rejuvenated capture mass M1_sat_sulf.
- the rejuvenated capture mass M1_sat_sulf thus obtained is again saturated by capturing mercury in the gas phase (3500 pg/Nm 3 in N 2 ) at 50°C under 2 MPa (20 bars) under a flow of 0.3 Nm 3 / h such that the GHSV is 1000 h -1 , to obtain a used rejuvenated capture mass M1_sat_sulf_sat.
- the copper and mercury contents of all the masses are determined by X-ray fluorescence on an Axios mAX device from PANanalytical.
- %Hg_théo %S_initial mass / (2*M S ) * M g with M s the molar mass of sulfur and M g the molar mass of mercury.
- TDeHg demercurization rate
- Mass M1_sat_sulf contains more sulfur than mass M1 .
- the sulphidation treatment therefore made it possible to partially resulphurize the mass, thus allowing a recovery in its capture capacity.
- the mass M1_sat_sulf_sat contains more Hg than the mass Mi sât. If we refer to the maximum theoretical capacity of the initial mass M1, 15.7% by weight of Hg, reaching 17.4% by weight Hg corresponds to reaching a demercurization rate of 111%, i.e. greater than 100%.
- the copper contents do not change.
- the quantity of Hg does not change with the sulphidation of the mass M1_Sat (same Hg contents for Mi sât and M1_sat_sulf). Sulfurization does not lead to mercury desorption.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2024536370A JP2025501528A (ja) | 2021-12-20 | 2022-12-12 | 重金属を捕捉するための捕捉塊の再生方法 |
| CN202280083720.1A CN118401294A (zh) | 2021-12-20 | 2022-12-12 | 用于捕获重金属的捕获剂的再生方法 |
| AU2022418906A AU2022418906A1 (en) | 2021-12-20 | 2022-12-12 | Method for regenerating trapping masses for trapping heavy metals |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| FRFR2114013 | 2021-12-20 | ||
| FR2114013A FR3130636A1 (fr) | 2021-12-20 | 2021-12-20 | Procede de rejuvenation de masses de captation de metaux lourds |
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| WO2023117552A1 true WO2023117552A1 (fr) | 2023-06-29 |
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| CN (1) | CN118401294A (fr) |
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| WO2010061212A1 (fr) * | 2008-11-25 | 2010-06-03 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Sorbant de sulfure de cuivre réduit pour l'élimination de métaux lourds |
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| WO2017109479A1 (fr) * | 2015-12-23 | 2017-06-29 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Élution de mercure |
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2021
- 2021-12-20 FR FR2114013A patent/FR3130636A1/fr active Pending
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2022
- 2022-12-12 WO PCT/EP2022/085453 patent/WO2023117552A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2022-12-12 CN CN202280083720.1A patent/CN118401294A/zh active Pending
- 2022-12-12 JP JP2024536370A patent/JP2025501528A/ja active Pending
- 2022-12-12 AU AU2022418906A patent/AU2022418906A1/en active Pending
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN118401294A (zh) | 2024-07-26 |
| JP2025501528A (ja) | 2025-01-22 |
| FR3130636A1 (fr) | 2023-06-23 |
| AU2022418906A1 (en) | 2024-05-30 |
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