WO2023199929A1 - エクオールの製造方法 - Google Patents
エクオールの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023199929A1 WO2023199929A1 PCT/JP2023/014802 JP2023014802W WO2023199929A1 WO 2023199929 A1 WO2023199929 A1 WO 2023199929A1 JP 2023014802 W JP2023014802 W JP 2023014802W WO 2023199929 A1 WO2023199929 A1 WO 2023199929A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P17/00—Preparation of heterocyclic carbon compounds with only O, N, S, Se or Te as ring hetero atoms
- C12P17/02—Oxygen as only ring hetero atoms
- C12P17/06—Oxygen as only ring hetero atoms containing a six-membered hetero ring, e.g. fluorescein
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- the present invention relates to a method for producing equol using a microorganism capable of producing equol.
- Isoflavones which are abundant in leguminous plants such as soybeans and kudzu, are a class of polyphenols, and are flavonoids that have isoflavones as their basic skeleton. Recent research has shown that isoflavones have female hormone effects (estrogen) and antioxidant effects, and that ingesting isoflavones can lead to breast cancer, prostate cancer, osteoporosis, hypercholesterolemia, heart disease, menopausal symptoms, etc. It has been shown that it has a preventive effect.
- Isoflavones exist, for example, in soybeans in the form of glycosides covalently bonded to sugars, such as daidzin, glycitin, and genistin, and in very small amounts in the form of aglycones. Only. Some of these glycosides are malonylated or acetylated. When these glycosides enter the human or animal body, they are converted into daidzein, glycitein, and genistein, respectively, by the action of digestive enzymes or ⁇ -glucosidase, an enzyme produced by intestinal bacteria. Become. Furthermore, it is known that daidzein is enzymatically converted to O-desmethylangolensin (O-DMA) or equol via dihydrodaidzein by the action of intestinal bacteria. It is being
- Equol is known to have the highest estrogenic activity among these metabolites.
- isoflavones there are individual differences in the metabolism of isoflavones, and as mentioned above, few people have intestinal bacteria that have the ability to ferment daidzein and produce equol, and the prevalence rate among Japanese people is approximately It has been revealed that this rate is 50%, and about 30% for Westerners. Therefore, there has been a problem in that people who do not have equol-producing bacteria cannot produce equol in their bodies even if they ingest leguminous foods such as soybeans.
- Non-Patent Document 1 a mixture of four types of anaerobic microorganisms in a hydrogen gas phase
- Non-Patent Document 1 a mixture of four types of anaerobic microorganisms in a hydrogen gas phase
- Patent Document 5 Since this is a culture of anaerobic microorganisms, static culture is usually performed (Patent Document 5).
- Patent Document 6 On the other hand, regarding a method in which equol can be produced more effectively and practically depending on fermentation conditions and fermentation methods, when the mass percent concentration of hydrogen gas in the gas phase in which fermentation is carried out is 40 to 100% (particularly 100%), There is a report that the production efficiency of equol is dramatically increased in case (Patent Document 6).
- the hydrogen concentration range in which an explosion occurs is from a lower limit of hydrogen concentration of 4.1% to an upper limit of 74.2%.
- the present invention was made in view of this situation, and its purpose is to provide a method for effectively producing equol using microorganisms at a lower hydrogen concentration that is safer than before. It's about doing.
- the present inventor has obtained at least one type of equol raw material selected from the group consisting of daidzein glycosides, daidzein, and dihydrodaidzein by a microorganism that has the ability to assimilate the equol raw material and produce equol, and one type of equol containing hydrogen.
- a microorganism that has the ability to assimilate the equol raw material and produce equol, and one type of equol containing hydrogen.
- At least one type of equol raw material selected from the group consisting of daidzein glycosides, daidzein, and dihydrodaidzein is converted into one or more types of hydrogen-containing equol raw material by a microorganism that has the ability to assimilate the equol raw material and produce equol.
- a method for producing equol comprising: fermenting in a gas phase consisting of gas; In the fermentation step, when a fermenter with a culture solution volume of 100 L or more is used, i) The fermenter is stirred with a stirring power of 0.1 kW/kL or more, preferably 0.2 kW/kL or more, more preferably 0.4 kW/kL or more, and/or ii) The gas is stirred with a pore diameter of 2 mm or less.
- the above method characterized in that the introduction is carried out using a sparger, preferably with a pore diameter of 1 mm or less, more preferably 0.5 mm or less.
- the hydrogen concentration of the gas is preferably 30% or less, preferably 10% or less, and more preferably 4% or less.
- the present invention in the production of equol using microorganisms, it is possible to provide a method that can effectively produce equol at a lower hydrogen concentration that is safer than conventional methods.
- the present invention makes it possible to realize an efficient method for producing equol using daidzein as a raw material using microorganisms, especially anaerobic microbial fermentation, at a low hydrogen concentration that is safe even on an industrial scale, and provides a technology for mass production of equol. can do.
- the method of the present invention makes it possible to produce equol at low cost and in large quantities, making it possible to supply equol to more people. Equol is thought to be able to prevent breast cancer, prostate cancer, osteoporosis, hypercholesterolemia, heart disease, menopausal disorders, etc. by ingesting it as it is as food, drink, medicine, etc.
- the present invention provides at least one type of equol raw material selected from the group consisting of daidzein glycosides, daidzein, and dihydrodaidzein, which is produced by one or more types of hydrogen-containing microorganisms having the ability to assimilate the equol raw material and produce equol.
- a method for producing equol comprising: a step of fermenting in a gas phase consisting of a gas, the method comprising: In the fermentation step, using a fermenter with a culture solution volume of 100 L or more, i) The fermenter is stirred with a stirring power of 0.1 kW/kL or more, preferably 0.2 kW/kL or more, more preferably 0.4 kW/kL or more, and/or ii) The gas is stirred with a pore diameter of 2 mm or less. , preferably with a pore diameter of 1 mm or less, more preferably with a pore diameter of 0.5 mm or less.
- the present invention provides a method for producing equol, which includes the above fermentation step.
- the method of the present invention may include steps other than the fermentation step. Examples include, but are not limited to, a step of preparing an equol raw material, a step of recovering the obtained equol, and the like. Examples of processes other than the fermentation process include, but are not limited to, a sterilization process for sterilizing microorganisms used in fermentation.
- At least one equol raw material selected from the group consisting of daidzein glycosides, daidzein, and dihydrodaidzein is used as a raw material.
- the form of the equol raw material does not matter as long as it can literally be used as a raw material for equol.
- the equol raw material may be in any form as long as it contains at least one selected from the group consisting of daidzein glycosides, daidzein, and dihydrodaidzein.
- daidzein glycosides themselves, daidzein itself, or dihydrodaidzein itself, and products containing them, such as soybeans, soybean processed products, soybean hypocotyls, soybean hypocotyl processed products, such as soybean extracts, soybean embryos.
- products containing them such as soybeans, soybean processed products, soybean hypocotyls, soybean hypocotyl processed products, such as soybean extracts, soybean embryos.
- Examples include cox extract and purified soybean hypocotyl extract, and specifically, commercially available isoflavones may be used.
- the method of the present invention uses microorganisms that have the ability to assimilate equol raw materials and produce equol.
- the "ability to assimilate equol raw materials and produce equol” is sometimes simply referred to as "equol production ability" in this specification.
- the equol-assimilating microorganism used in the method of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it has the ability to produce equol from the above-mentioned equol raw material.
- microorganisms include anaerobic microorganisms.
- the anaerobic microorganism can, for example, produce equol at a temperature around 37°C (eg 30-42°C).
- ethyl acetate For example, add ethyl acetate to the culture solution, stir vigorously, centrifuge, and remove the ethyl acetate layer. If necessary, the same operation can be performed on the same culture solution several times, and the ethyl acetate layers can be combined to obtain an equol extract.
- This extract is concentrated to dryness using an evaporator under reduced pressure, and then dissolved in methanol. This can be filtered using a membrane such as a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane to remove insoluble materials, and the resultant sample can be used as a high performance liquid chromatography measurement sample. Examples of conditions for high performance liquid chromatography include, but are not limited to, the following.
- microorganisms having the ability to produce equol include, but are not limited to, microorganisms classified into the following genera. Genus Adlercreutzia Genus Bacteroides Genus Bifidobacterium Genus Clostridium Genus Eggerthella Genus Enterococcus Genus Enterorhabdus Genus Eubacterium Genus Finegoldia Genus Lactobacillus Genus Lactococcus Genus Paraeggerthella Genus Pediococcus Genus Proteus Genus Sharpea Genus Slackia Genus Streptococcus Genus Veillonella
- microorganisms having the ability to produce equol include, but are not limited to, the following microorganisms.
- Adlercreutzia equolifaciens subsp. celatus Adlercreutzia equolifaciens subsp. equolifaciens Bacteroides ovatus Bifidobacterium breve Bifidobacterium longum Clostridium sp. Eggerthella sp. Enterococcus faecalis Enterococcus faecium Enterorhabdus mucosicola Eubacterium sp.
- microorganisms classified in the family Eggerthellaceae for example, microorganisms classified in the family Eggerthellaceae, microorganisms classified in the family Bifidobacteriaceae, microorganisms classified in the family Clostridiaceae, and microorganisms classified in the family Clostridiaceae.
- microorganisms classified in the family Coriobacteriaceae microorganisms classified in the family Enterococceae
- microorganisms classified in the family Eubacteriaceae and microorganisms classified in the family Morganellaceae.
- Microorganisms microorganisms classified in the family Peptoniphilaceae, microorganisms classified in the family Lactobacillaceae, microorganisms classified in the family Streptococceae, microorganisms classified in the family Veillonellaceae. Examples include classified microorganisms and related microorganisms.
- Adlercreutzia Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Coriobacterium, Egasella, Enterococcus, Eubacterium, Finegordia, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus
- the microorganisms are preferably classified into the genus Paraegacella, Pediococcus, Proteus, Sharpea, Thracia, Streptococcus, Veilonea, or related microorganisms thereof. More preferably, Adrecrautia aequorifaciens subsp. ceratus, Adrecrautia aequorifaciens subsp.
- aequorifaciens Bacteroides obatus, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum , Clostridium sp., Egasella sp., Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterorhabdus mucosicola, Eubacterium sp., Finegordia magna, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus intestinalis, Lactobacillus - Mucosae, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus sp., Lactococcus garubiae, Lactococcus sp., Paraegasera sp., Pediococcus pentosaceus, Proteus mirabilis, Sharpea azabu Preferred are Thracia ensis, Thracia aequor
- any of the microorganisms described below or related bacteria having similar species properties to these microorganisms can be particularly cited as more preferable anaerobic microorganisms.
- Adlercreutzia equolifaciens subsp. celatus DSM 18785 strain
- Adlercreutzia equolifaciens subsp. equolifaciens DSM 19450 strain
- anaerobic microorganism can be obtained from the depository institution indicated by its deposit number. Each accession number indicates that the anaerobic microorganism has been deposited with the following depositary institution.
- FERM International Patent Organism Depositary http://unit.aist.go.jp/pod/ci/index.html
- DSM German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures http://www.dsmz.de/ KCCM Korean Culture Center of Microorganisms
- anaerobic microorganisms capable of producing equol are cultured under conditions suitable for producing equol.
- conditions suitable for equol production refer to conditions that maintain the survival and activity of anaerobic microorganisms having equol production activity. More specifically, it means that gas phase conditions (anaerobic conditions) that allow the survival of anaerobic microorganisms are maintained, and nutrients are provided to support the activity and proliferation of the anaerobic microorganisms.
- gas phase conditions anaerobic conditions
- Various medium compositions suitable for the survival of anaerobic microorganisms are known.
- an appropriate medium composition for the above-mentioned anaerobic microorganisms capable of producing equol for example, BHI medium manufactured by Difco, the medium used in Examples, etc. can be used, but the medium is not limited thereto.
- a water-soluble organic substance can be added to the culture medium used in the present invention as a carbon source.
- water-soluble organic substances include, but are not limited to, the following compounds.
- Sugars such as sorbose, fructose, glucose
- Alcohols such as methanol
- Organic acids such as valeric acid, butyric acid, propionic acid, acetic acid, and formic acid, or salts thereof.
- the concentration of organic matter added to the medium as a carbon source can be adjusted as appropriate to efficiently grow anaerobic microorganisms in the medium.
- a nitrogen source can be added to the medium.
- various nitrogen compounds that can be used in normal fermentation can be used as the nitrogen source.
- Preferred inorganic nitrogen sources are ammonium salts and nitrates. More preferred inorganic nitrogen sources are ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium phosphate, ammonium hydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate.
- preferred organic nitrogen sources include amino acids, yeast extract, peptones, meat extract, liver extract, and digested serum powder. More preferred organic nitrogen sources are arginine, cysteine, cystine, citrulline, lysine, yeast extract, and peptones.
- organic or inorganic substances suitable for producing equol can also be added to the medium.
- the growth and activity of anaerobic microorganisms can be enhanced in some cases by adding cofactors such as vitamins and inorganic compounds such as various salts to the culture medium.
- cofactors such as vitamins and inorganic compounds such as various salts.
- examples of microbial growth cofactors derived from inorganic compounds, vitamins, and animals and plants include the following.
- the medium can be liquid, semi-solid, or solid.
- a preferred medium form is a liquid medium.
- the medium of the present invention can contain dextrins. If anaerobic microorganisms are cultured in a medium containing dextrins, a liquid containing equol and dextrins can be prepared without contacting the culture with dextrins again after culturing. Dextrins can be added to the medium before or during the cultivation of the microorganism.
- the culture medium of the present invention can contain an antifoaming agent, preferably soybean oil, more preferably soybean oil containing vitamin E.
- microorganisms particularly anaerobic microorganisms
- a continuous fermentation system can also be used, which is capable of continuously supplying the medium and substrate gas, and is equipped with a mechanism for recovering the culture.
- anaerobic microorganisms when using anaerobic microorganisms, it is preferable to prevent oxygen from entering the fermenter.
- a commonly used fermenter can be used as is.
- An anaerobic atmosphere can be created by replacing oxygen mixed into the fermenter with an inert gas such as nitrogen.
- the method of the invention in particular the fermentation step of the method of the invention, is carried out in a gas phase consisting of one or more gases containing hydrogen.
- the gas constituting the gas phase is not particularly limited as long as it is composed of one or more types of gas containing hydrogen, but preferably contains hydrogen and one or more types of gas other than hydrogen.
- gases other than hydrogen include carbon dioxide, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, etc., but are not particularly limited.
- the hydrogen concentration of the gas is preferably 30% or less, preferably 10% or less, and more preferably 4% or less.
- the size of the fermenter is not particularly limited as long as it has a culture solution of 100 L or more.
- the power of the stirrer is not particularly limited as long as it is 0.1 kW/kL or more.
- the pore diameter of the sparger is not particularly limited.
- the pore diameter of the sparger that supplies the gas is 2 mm or less, preferably 1 mm or less, more preferably 0.1 mm or less. It is preferably 5 mm or less.
- the pore diameter of the sparger that supplies the gas is preferably 2 mm or less, preferably 1 mm or less, and more preferably 0.5 mm or less. Additionally, a draft tube can be installed if necessary.
- the amount of aeration of the mixed gas constituting the gas phase into the fermenter is 0.001 to 2.0 V/V/M gas amount/liquid amount/min. .
- the temperature of the fermenter is not particularly limited, but it is preferably a temperature at which the above-mentioned microorganisms can exhibit equol production ability, for example, 30°C to 40°C, preferably 33°C to 38°C. It is better.
- microorganisms can be cultured under normal pressure, but when pressurized, the pressurizing conditions are not particularly limited as long as the microorganisms can grow.
- Preferred pressurizing conditions include, but are not limited to, a range of 0.2 MPa or less.
- the fermentation time can be appropriately set depending on the amount of equol produced and the remaining amount of isoflavones. Examples include, but are not limited to, 8 to 120 hours, preferably 12 to 72 hours, particularly preferably 16 to 60 hours.
- the fermented culture obtained by the culture method of the present invention can be used in a solid form by heat drying, spray drying, or freeze drying, if necessary.
- the heat drying process can be performed using, for example, a rotary drum dryer
- the spray drying process can be performed using, for example, a spray dryer
- the freeze drying process can be performed using a freeze dryer. Any drying method may be used as long as it is capable of drying liquids.
- the dried fermentation culture may be subjected to pulverization treatment, if necessary.
- Example 1 (Preculture 1) Dispense the medium with the composition shown in Table 1 and adjusted to pH 6.9 into 10 mL 18 mm test tubes for anaerobic microbial culture (manufactured by Sanshin Kogyo), replace the gas phase with nitrogen, and attach a butyl rubber stopper and a plastic cap. and sterilized at 121°C for 15 minutes.
- This medium was inoculated with Adlercreutzia equolifaciens subsp. celatus DSM 18785 strain, and after replacing the gas phase with hydrogen gas passed through a sterile filter for at least 2 minutes,
- a preculture solution 1 was prepared by performing shaking culture at 200 spm at 200° C. for 18 hours.
- Preculture 2 15 L of a medium having the composition shown in Table 1 and adjusted to pH 6.9 was placed in a 30 L fermenter, heated at 121° C. for 15 minutes, and sterilized with high-pressure steam. This medium was inoculated with the above-mentioned preculture solution 1, gas replaced with a hydrogen/nitrogen mixed gas, and cultured at 37° C. for 18 hours to prepare preculture solution 2.
- Example 2 From Example 1, it was confirmed that when the gas phase hydrogen concentration was 30% or less, the equol concentration was significantly improved by increasing the stirring power to 0.1 kW/kL or more. Furthermore, it was confirmed that when no stirring power was applied, the equol concentration was improved by setting the sparger hole diameter to 2 mm or less.
- Example 2 (Preculture 1) Dispense the medium with the composition shown in Table 1 and adjusted to pH 6.9 into 10 mL 18 mm test tubes for anaerobic microbial culture (manufactured by Sanshin Kogyo), replace the gas phase with nitrogen, and attach a butyl rubber stopper and a plastic cap. and sterilized at 121°C for 15 minutes.
- This medium was inoculated with Adlercreutzia equolifaciens subsp. celatus DSM 18785 strain, and after replacing the gas phase with hydrogen gas passed through a sterile filter for at least 2 minutes, A preculture solution 1 was prepared by performing shaking culture at 200 spm at 200° C. for 18 hours.
- Preculture 2 15 L of a medium having the composition shown in Table 1 and adjusted to pH 6.9 was placed in a 30 L fermenter, heated at 121° C. for 15 minutes, and sterilized with high-pressure steam. This medium was inoculated with the above-mentioned preculture solution 1, gas replaced with a hydrogen/nitrogen mixed gas, and cultured at 37° C. for 18 hours to prepare preculture solution 2.
- Preculture 3 100 L of a medium having the composition shown in Table 1 and adjusted to pH 6.9 was placed in a 200 L fermenter, heated at 121° C. for 15 minutes, and sterilized with high pressure steam. This medium was inoculated with the above-mentioned preculture solution 2, gas replaced with hydrogen/nitrogen mixed gas, and cultured at 37° C. for 18 hours to prepare preculture solution 3.
- Example 3 (Preculture 1) Dispense the medium with the composition shown in Table 1 and adjusted to pH 6.9 into 10 mL 18 mm test tubes for anaerobic microbial culture (manufactured by Sanshin Kogyo), replace the gas phase with nitrogen, and attach a butyl rubber stopper and a plastic cap. and sterilized at 121°C for 15 minutes. Eggerthella sp. DC 3215 strain was inoculated into this medium, and after replacing the gas phase with hydrogen gas passed through a sterile filter for 2 minutes or more, culture was performed with shaking at 37°C and 200 spm for 36 hours. Preculture solution 1 was prepared.
- Preculture 2 15 L of a medium having the composition shown in Table 1 and adjusted to pH 6.9 was placed in a 30 L fermenter, heated at 121° C. for 15 minutes, and sterilized with high-pressure steam. This medium was inoculated with the above-mentioned preculture solution 1, gas replaced with hydrogen/nitrogen mixed gas, and cultured at 37° C. for 36 hours to prepare preculture solution 2.
- main culture Add 0.5 g/L of daidzein and 3 g/L of L-arginine to the composition shown in Table 1 and adjust the pH to 6.9. 100 L of the medium was placed in a 200 L fermenter, heated at 121°C for 15 minutes, and then heated under high pressure. Steam sterilized. This culture medium was inoculated with the above-mentioned preculture solution 2, and the gas was replaced with a nitrogen mixed gas having a hydrogen concentration of 4%, and the mixed gas was aerated with a sparger having a pore diameter of 3 mm, while stirring was performed using the respective motive power. Culture was performed at 37° C. for 72 hours, and the equol concentration in the main culture solution was analyzed by HPLC method.
- Example 4 (Preculture 1) Dispense the medium with the composition shown in Table 1 and adjusted to pH 6.5 into 10 mL 18 mm test tubes for anaerobic microbial culture (manufactured by Sanshin Kogyo), replace the gas phase with nitrogen, and replace with a butyl rubber stopper and a plastic cap. and sterilized at 121°C for 15 minutes. Lactococcus sp. DCL strain was inoculated into this medium, and after replacing the gas phase with hydrogen gas passed through a sterile filter for 2 minutes or more, culture was performed with shaking at 37°C and 200 spm for 24 hours. Preculture solution 1 was prepared.
- Preculture 2 15 L of a medium having the composition shown in Table 1 and adjusted to pH 6.5 was placed in a 30 L fermenter, heated at 121° C. for 15 minutes, and sterilized with high pressure steam. This medium was inoculated with the above-mentioned preculture solution 1, gas replaced with a hydrogen/nitrogen mixed gas, and cultured at 37° C. for 24 hours to prepare preculture solution 2.
- main culture 100 L of a medium containing 50 g/L of powdered soybean hypocotyl, 3 g/L of L-arginine, and 2 g/L of soybean oil containing vitamin E and adjusted to pH 6.5 was placed in a 200 L fermenter, and heated at 121°C for 15 minutes. It was heated for a minute and sterilized using high-pressure steam.
- This culture medium was inoculated with the above-mentioned preculture solution 2, and the gas was replaced with a nitrogen mixed gas having a hydrogen concentration of 4%, and the mixed gas was aerated with a sparger having a pore diameter of 3 mm, while stirring was performed using the respective motive power.
- Culture was performed at 37° C. for 96 hours, and the equol concentration in the main culture solution was analyzed by HPLC method.
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Abstract
Description
イソフラボン類は、たとえば大豆内では、糖と共有結合した配糖体の形、ダイジン(daidzin)、グリシチン(glycitin)、ゲニスチン(genistin)として存在しており、アグリコンの形ではごく少量存在しているのみである。これら配糖体はさらにマロニル化、アセチル化されているものも存在している。これらの配糖体は、ヒトや動物の体内に入ると消化酵素又は腸内細菌の産生する酵素であるβグルコシダーゼ等の働きにより、それぞれダイゼイン(daidzein)、グリシテイン(glycitein)、ゲニステイン(genistein)となる。さらに、ダイゼインは腸内細菌の働きにより、ジヒドロダイゼイン(dihydrodaidzein)を経て、O-デスメチルアンゴレンシン(O-desmethylangolensin:O-DMA)又はエクオール(equol)へと酵素的に変換されることが知られている。
前記発酵工程において、培養液量100L以上の発酵槽を用いたときに、
i)該発酵槽で攪拌動力0.1kW/kL以上、好ましくは0.2kW/kL以上、より好ましくは0.4kW/kL以上で攪拌を行うか、及び/又は
ii)前記気体を孔径2mm以下、好ましくは孔径1mm以下、より好ましくは孔径0.5mm以下のスパージャーを用いることにより導入する
ことを特徴とする、上記方法。
<2> 上記<1>において、前記気体の水素濃度が、30%以下、好ましくは10%以下、より好ましくは4%以下であるのがよい。
特に、本発明により、工業化スケールでも安全な低水素濃度で、微生物、特に嫌気性微生物発酵を利用した、ダイゼインを原料とするエクオールの効率的な製造方法が実現でき、エクオールの大量製造技術を提供することができる。
前記発酵工程において、培養液量100L以上の発酵槽を用い、
i)該発酵槽で攪拌動力0.1kW/kL以上、好ましくは0.2kW/kL以上、より好ましくは0.4kW/kL以上で攪拌を行うか、及び/又は
ii)前記気体を孔径2mm以下、好ましくは孔径1mm以下、より好ましくは孔径0.5mm以下のスパージャーを用いることにより導入する
ことを特徴とする、上記方法を提供する。
微生物、特に嫌気性微生物の代謝によってエクオールが製造されることは、学術的にはかねてより知られていたものの、工業スケールでも安全な低水素濃度で、エクオールを製造する嫌気性微生物の培養条件については、確立されていなかったため、本発明の方法は有用である。
以下、本発明について詳細に説明する。
本発明は、上記発酵工程を有するエクオールの製造方法を提供する。
本発明の方法は、該発酵工程以外の工程を有してもよい。例えば、エクオール原料を調製する工程、得られたエクオールを回収する工程などを挙げることができるがこれらに限定されない。
上記発酵工程以外の工程として、具体的には、発酵に使用した微生物を殺菌する殺菌工程を挙げることができるが、これに限定されない。
本発明の方法において、特に本発明の方法の発酵工程において、原料として、ダイゼイン配糖体、ダイゼイン及びジヒドロダイゼインからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種のエクオール原料を用いる。
該エクオール原料は、文字通り、エクオールの原料として用いられるものであれば、その形態は問わない。
エクオール原料は、ダイゼイン配糖体、ダイゼイン及びジヒドロダイゼインからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含んでいればよく、その形態は問わない。例えば、ダイゼイン配糖体そのもの、ダイゼインそのもの、又はジヒドロダイゼインそのものであっても、それらを含有するもの、例えば大豆、大豆加工物、大豆胚軸、大豆胚軸加工物、例えば大豆抽出物、大豆胚軸抽出物、大豆胚軸抽出物精製物が挙げられ、具体的には市販イソフラボンであってもよい。
本発明の方法は、特に本発明の方法における発酵工程は、エクオール原料を資化してエクオールを産生する能力を有する微生物を用いる。なお、「エクオール原料を資化してエクオールを産生する能力」を、本明細書において、単に「エクオール産生能」という場合がある。
本発明の方法において用いるエクオール資化する微生物は、上記エクオール原料からエクオールを産生する能力を有する微生物であれば、特に限定されない。
微生物として、嫌気性微生物を挙げることができる。該嫌気性微生物は、例えば、37℃付近(例えば30~42℃)の温度でエクオールを産生することができる。
カラム:Phenomenox Luna 5uC18、2.0mm×150mm(島津ジーエルシー)
移動相:水/メタノール[55:45,v/v]
流速:0.2mL/min
カラム温度:40℃
検出:UV280nm
保持時間:ジヒドロダイゼインが13.8分、ダイゼインが19.6分、グリシテインが22.5分、エクオールが25.6分、ゲニステインが35.0分
アドレクラウチア(Adlercreutzia)属
バクテロイデス(Bacteroides)属
ビフィドバクテリウム(Bifidobacterium)属
クロストリジウム(Clostridium)属
エガセラ(Eggerthella)属
エンテロコッカス(Enterococcus)属
エンテロハブダス(Enterorhabdus)属
ユーバクテリウム(Eubacterium)属
フィネゴルディア(Finegoldia)属
ラクトバチルス(Lactobacillus)属
ラクトコッカス(Lactococcus)属
パラエガセラ(Paraeggerthella)属
ペディオコッカス(Pediococcus)属
プロテウス(Proteus)属
シャーペア(Sharpea)属
スラキア(Slackia)属
ストレプトコッカス(Streptococcus)属
ベイロネラ(Veillonella)属
アドレクラウチア・エクオリファシエンス・サブスピーシズ・セラツス(Adlercreutzia equolifaciens subsp. celatus)
アドレクラウチア・エクオリファシエンス・サブスピーシズ・エクオリファシエンス(Adlercreutzia equolifaciens subsp. equolifaciens)
バクテロイデス・オバツス(Bacteroides ovatus)
ビフィドバクテリウム・ブレーベ(Bifidobacterium breve)
ビフィドバクテリウム・ロングム(Bifidobacterium longum)
クロストリジウム・エスピー(Clostridium sp.)
エガセラ・エスピー(Eggerthella sp. )
エンテロコッカス・フェカーリス(Enterococcus faecalis)
エンテロコッカス・フェシウム(Enterococcus faecium)
エンテロハブダス・ムコシコラ(Enterorhabdus mucosicola)
ユーバクテリウム・エスピー(Eubacterium sp.)
フィネゴルディア・マグナ(Finegoldia magna)
ラクトバチルス・ファーメンタム(Lactobacillus fermentum)
ラクトバチルス・ムコサエ(Lactobacillus mucosae)
ラクトバチルス・パラカゼイ(Lactobacillus paracasei)
ラクトバチルス・プランタルム(Lactobacillus plantarum)
ラクトバチルス・ラムノサス(Lactobacillus rhamnosus)
ラクトバチルス・エスピー(Lactobacillus sp.)
ラクトコッカス・ガルビエ(Lactococcus garvieae)
ラクトコッカス・エスピー(Lactococcus sp.)
パラエガセラ・エスピー(Paraeggerthella sp.)
ペディオコッカス・ペントサセウス(Pediococcus pentosaceus)
プロテウス・ミラビリス(Proteus mirabilis)
シャーペア・アザブエンシス(Sharpea azabuensis)
スラキア・エクオリファシエンス(Slackia equolifaciens)
スラキア・イソフラボニコンバーテンス(Slackia isoflavoniconvertens)
スラキア・エスピー(Slackia sp.)
ストレプトコッカス・コンステラタス(Streptococcus constellatus)
ストレプトコッカス・インターメディウス(Streptococcus intermedius)
ベイロネア・エスピー(Veillonella sp.)
アドレクラウチア・エクオリファシエンス・サブスピーシズ・セラツス(Adlercreutzia equolifaciens subsp. celatus)DSM 18785株
アドレクラウチア・エクオリファシエンス・サブスピーシズ・エクオリファシエンス(Adlercreutzia equolifaciens subsp. equolifaciens)DSM 19450株
バクテロイデス・オバツス(Bacteroides ovatus)E-23-15株
ビフィドバクテリウム・ブレーベ(Bifidibacterium breve)ATCC 15700株
ビフィドバクテリウム・ロングム(Bifidobacterium longum)BB536株
クロストリジウム・エスピー(Clostridium sp.)HGH136株
エガセラ・エスピー(Eggerthella sp.)Julong 732株
エガセラ・エスピー(Eggerthella sp.)YY7918株
エガセラ・エスピー(Eggerthella sp.)D1株
エンテロコッカス・フェカーリス(Enterococcus faecalis)INIA P333株
エンテロコッカス・フェシウム(Enterococcus faecium)EPI1株
エンテロハブダス・ムコシコラ(Enterohabdus mucosicola)Mt1B8株
ユーバクテリウム・エスピー(Eubacterium sp.)D2株
フィネゴルディア・マグナ(Finegoldia magna)EPI3株
ラクトバチルス・ファーメンタム(Lactobacillus fermentum)DPPMA114株
ラクトバチルス・インテスティナリス(Lactobacillus intestinalis)KTCT13676BP株
ラクトバチルス・ムコサエ(Lactobacillus mucosae)EPI2株
ラクトバチルス・パラカゼイ(Lactobacillus paracasei)JS1株
ラクトバチルス・プランタルム(Lactobacillus plantarum)DPPMA24W株
ラクトバチルス・プランタルム(Lactobacillus plantarum)DPPMASL33株
ラクトバチルス・ラムノサス(Lactobacillus rhamnosus)DPPMAAZ1株
ラクトバチルス・ラムノサス(Lactobacillus rhamnosus)INIA P540株
ラクトバチルス・エスピー(Lactobacillus sp.)Niu-O16株
ラクトコッカス・ガルビエ(Lactococcus garvieae)20-92株
パラエガセラ・エスピー(Paraeggerthella sp.)SNR40-432株
ペディオコッカス・ペントサセウス(Pediococcus pentosaceus)CS1株
プロテウス・ミラビリス(Proteus mirabilis)LH-52株
シャーペア・アザブエンシス(Sharpea azabuensis)ST18株
スラキア・エクオリファシエンス(Slackia equolifaciens)DSM 24851株
スラキア・イソフラボニコンバーテンス(Slackia isoflavoniconvertens)DSM 22006株
スラキア・エスピー(Slackia sp.)FJK1株
スラキア・エスピー(Slackia sp.)NATTS株
スラキア・エスピー(Slackia sp.)YIT11861株
スラキア・エスピー(Slackia sp.)TM-30株
ストレプトコッカス・コンステラタス(Streptococcus constellatus)E-23-17株
ストレプトコッカス・インターメディウス(Streptococcus intermedius)A6G-225株
ベイロネア・エスピー(Veillonella sp.)EP株。
FERM 特許生物寄託センター;International Patent Organism Depositary (IPOD)
http://unit.aist.go.jp/pod/ci/index.html
DSM German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (DSMZ)
http://www.dsmz.de/
KCCM Korean Culture Center of Microorganisms
ソルボース、フラクトース、グルコース等の糖類;
メタノール等のアルコール類;
吉草酸、酪酸、プロピオン酸、酢酸、ギ酸等有機酸類、またはこれらの塩。
リン酸二水素カリウム ビオチン
硫酸マグネシウム 葉酸
硫酸マンガン ピリドキシン
塩化ナトリウム チアミン
塩化コバルト リボフラビン
塩化カルシウム ニコチン酸
硫酸亜鉛 パントテン酸
硫酸銅 ビタミンB12
明ばん チオオクト酸
モリブデン酸ソーダ p-アミノ安息香酸
塩化カリウム
ホウ酸等
塩化ニッケル
タングステン酸ナトリウム
セレン酸ナトリウム
硫酸第一鉄アンモニウム
デキストリン類の培地への添加は、微生物の培養前および培養中に行うことができる。
本発明の方法、特に本発明の方法の発酵工程は、水素を含む1種類以上の気体からなる気相下で行われる。気相を構成する気体は、水素を含む1種類以上の気体からなれば特に限定されないが、水素及び水素以外の1種以上の気体を有するのがよい。水素以外の気体として、二酸化炭素、窒素、一酸化炭素等を挙げることができるが、特に限定されない。
水素は、前記気体の水素濃度が、30%以下、好ましくは10%以下、より好ましくは4%以下であるのがよい。
発酵槽の大きさは、培養液100L以上であれば、特に制限されるものではない。
発酵槽が、通気攪拌槽の場合、攪拌機の動力が、0.1kW/kL以上であれば、特に制限されるものではない。また、スパージャーを用いて前記気体を供給する場合、該スパージャーの孔径は、特に制限されるものではない。
[実施例1]
(前培養1)
表1に示した組成で、pH6.9に調整した培地を、10mL嫌気性微生物培養用18mm試験管(三紳工業製)に分注し、気相を窒素に置換しながらブチルゴム栓とプラスチックキャップをはめて121℃、15分間滅菌した。この培地に、アドレクラウチア・エクオリファシエンス・サブスピーシズ・セラツス(Adlercreutzia equolifaciens subsp. celatus)DSM 18785株を植菌し、無菌フィルターを通した水素ガスで気相を2分間以上置換した後、37℃、200spmで18時間振盪培養を行い、前培養液1を調製した。
表1に示した組成で、pH6.9に調整した培地15Lを容量30Lの発酵槽に入れ、121℃、15分間加熱し高圧蒸気滅菌した。この培地に、上記前培養液1を植菌し、水素/窒素混合ガスでガス置換し、37℃、18時間培養を行い、前培養液2を調製した。
表1に示した組成にダイゼイン1g/L、及びL-アルギニン3g/Lを添加し、pH6.9に調整した培地100Lを容量200Lの発酵槽に入れ、121℃、15分間加熱し高圧蒸気滅菌した。この培地に、上記前培養液2を植菌し、それぞれの水素/窒素比の混合ガスでガス置換し、それぞれの孔径のスパージャーにて混合ガスを通気ながら、それぞれの動力で攪拌を行った。37℃、18時間培養を行い、本培養液中のエクオール濃度をHPLC法にて分析した。
(前培養1)
表1に示した組成で、pH6.9に調整した培地を、10mL嫌気性微生物培養用18mm試験管(三紳工業製)に分注し、気相を窒素に置換しながらブチルゴム栓とプラスチックキャップをはめて121℃、15分間滅菌した。この培地に、アドレクラウチア・エクオリファシエンス・サブスピーシズ・セラツス(Adlercreutzia equolifaciens subsp. celatus)DSM 18785株を植菌し、無菌フィルターを通した水素ガスで気相を2分間以上置換した後、37℃、200spmで18時間振盪培養を行い、前培養液1を調製した。
表1に示した組成で、pH6.9に調整した培地15Lを容量30Lの発酵槽に入れ、121℃、15分間加熱し高圧蒸気滅菌した。この培地に、上記前培養液1を植菌し、水素/窒素混合ガスでガス置換し、37℃、18時間培養を行い、前培養液2を調製した。
表1に示した組成で、pH6.9に調整した培地100Lを容量200Lの発酵槽に入れ、121℃、15分間加熱し高圧蒸気滅菌した。この培地に、上記前培養液2を植菌し、水素/窒素混合ガスでガス置換し、37℃、18時間培養を行い、前培養液3を調製した。
表1に示した組成にダイゼイン1g/L、及びL-アルギニン3g/Lを添加し、pH6.9に調整した培地2000Lを容量4000Lの発酵槽に入れ、121℃、15分間加熱し高圧蒸気滅菌した。この培地に、上記前培養液3を植菌し、水素濃度4%の窒素混合ガスでガス置換し、孔径3mmのスパージャーにて混合ガスを通気ながら、それぞれの動力で攪拌を行った。37℃、18時間培養を行い、本培養液中のエクオール濃度をHPLC法にて分析した。
(前培養1)
表1に示した組成で、pH6.9に調整した培地を、10mL嫌気性微生物培養用18mm試験管(三紳工業製)に分注し、気相を窒素に置換しながらブチルゴム栓とプラスチックキャップをはめて121℃、15分間滅菌した。この培地に、エガセラ・エスピー(Eggerthella sp.)DC 3215株を植菌し、無菌フィルターを通した水素ガスで気相を2分間以上置換した後、37℃、200spmで36時間振盪培養を行い、前培養液1を調製した。
表1に示した組成で、pH6.9に調整した培地15Lを容量30Lの発酵槽に入れ、121℃、15分間加熱し高圧蒸気滅菌した。この培地に、上記前培養液1を植菌し、水素/窒素混合ガスでガス置換し、37℃、36時間培養を行い、前培養液2を調製した。
表1に示した組成にダイゼイン0.5g/L、及びL-アルギニン3g/Lを添加し、pH6.9に調整した培地100Lを容量200Lの発酵槽に入れ、121℃、15分間加熱し高圧蒸気滅菌した。この培地に、上記前培養液2を植菌し、水素濃度4%の窒素混合ガスでガス置換し、孔径3mmのスパージャーにて混合ガスを通気ながら、それぞれの動力で攪拌を行った。37℃、72時間培養を行い、本培養液中のエクオール濃度をHPLC法にて分析した。
(前培養1)
表1に示した組成で、pH6.5に調整した培地を、10mL嫌気性微生物培養用18mm試験管(三紳工業製)に分注し、気相を窒素に置換しながらブチルゴム栓とプラスチックキャップをはめて121℃、15分間滅菌した。この培地に、ラクトコッカス・エスピー(Lactococcus sp.)DCL株を植菌し、無菌フィルターを通した水素ガスで気相を2分間以上置換した後、37℃、200spmで24時間振盪培養を行い、前培養液1を調製した。
表1に示した組成で、pH6.5に調整した培地15Lを容量30Lの発酵槽に入れ、121℃、15分間加熱し高圧蒸気滅菌した。この培地に、上記前培養液1を植菌し、水素/窒素混合ガスでガス置換し、37℃、24時間培養を行い、前培養液2を調製した。
粉末状大豆胚軸50g/L、及びL-アルギニン3g/L、ビタミンE入り大豆油2g/Lを添加し、pH6.5に調整した培地100Lを容量200Lの発酵槽に入れ、121℃、15分間加熱し高圧蒸気滅菌した。この培地に、上記前培養液2を植菌し、水素濃度4%の窒素混合ガスでガス置換し、孔径3mmのスパージャーにて混合ガスを通気ながら、それぞれの動力で攪拌を行った。37℃、96時間培養を行い、本培養液中のエクオール濃度をHPLC法にて分析した。
Claims (14)
- ダイゼイン配糖体、ダイゼイン及びジヒドロダイゼインからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種のエクオール原料を、該エクオール原料を資化してエクオールを産生する微生物により、水素を含む1種類以上の気体からなる気相下で発酵させる工程;を有してエクオールを産生するエクオールの製造方法であって、
前記発酵工程において、培養液量100L以上の発酵槽を用い、
i)該発酵槽で攪拌動力0.1kW/kL以上で攪拌を行うか、及び/又は
ii)前記気体を孔径2mm以下のスパージャーを用いることにより導入する
ことを特徴とする、上記方法。 - 前記攪拌動力が0.2kW/kL以上である請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記攪拌動力が0.4kW/kL以上である請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記スパージャーの孔径が1mm以下である請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記スパージャーの孔径が0.5mm以下である請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記気体の水素濃度が30%以下である請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記気体の水素濃度が10%以下である請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記気体の水素濃度が4%以下である請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記気体の水素濃度が30%以下である請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記気体の水素濃度が10%以下である請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記気体の水素濃度が4%以下である請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記気体の水素濃度が30%以下である請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記気体の水素濃度が10%以下である請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記気体の水素濃度が4%以下である請求項5に記載の方法。
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| WO2012033150A1 (ja) * | 2010-09-08 | 2012-03-15 | ダイセル化学工業株式会社 | エクオールの製造方法 |
| JP2022037139A (ja) * | 2007-06-13 | 2022-03-08 | 大塚製薬株式会社 | エクオール含有抽出物及びその製造方法、エクオール抽出方法、並びにエクオールを含む食品 |
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| JP7449526B2 (ja) * | 2018-12-07 | 2024-03-14 | 学校法人東京理科大学 | エクオール誘導体の産生のための組成物 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2022037139A (ja) * | 2007-06-13 | 2022-03-08 | 大塚製薬株式会社 | エクオール含有抽出物及びその製造方法、エクオール抽出方法、並びにエクオールを含む食品 |
| WO2012033150A1 (ja) * | 2010-09-08 | 2012-03-15 | ダイセル化学工業株式会社 | エクオールの製造方法 |
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| JPWO2023199929A1 (ja) | 2023-10-19 |
| US20250250597A1 (en) | 2025-08-07 |
| JP2024138434A (ja) | 2024-10-08 |
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