WO2023176691A1 - 表示システム、表示方法、表示体および表示体の製造方法 - Google Patents
表示システム、表示方法、表示体および表示体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023176691A1 WO2023176691A1 PCT/JP2023/009076 JP2023009076W WO2023176691A1 WO 2023176691 A1 WO2023176691 A1 WO 2023176691A1 JP 2023009076 W JP2023009076 W JP 2023009076W WO 2023176691 A1 WO2023176691 A1 WO 2023176691A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/001—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras
- G02B13/0015—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras characterised by the lens design
- G02B13/002—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras characterised by the lens design having at least one aspherical surface
- G02B13/003—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras characterised by the lens design having at least one aspherical surface having two lenses
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/02—Viewing or reading apparatus
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/02—Viewing or reading apparatus
- G02B27/022—Viewing apparatus
- G02B27/024—Viewing apparatus comprising a light source, e.g. for viewing photographic slides, X-ray transparancies
- G02B27/026—Viewing apparatus comprising a light source, e.g. for viewing photographic slides, X-ray transparancies and a display device, e.g. CRT, LCD, for adding markings or signs or to enhance the contrast of the viewed object
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
- G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
- G02B27/095—Refractive optical elements
- G02B27/0955—Lenses
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
- G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
- G02B27/0977—Reflective elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
- G02B27/286—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising for controlling or changing the state of polarisation, e.g. transforming one polarisation state into another
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3083—Birefringent or phase retarding elements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a display system, a display method, a display body, and a method for manufacturing a display body.
- Image display devices represented by liquid crystal display devices and electroluminescence (EL) display devices are rapidly becoming popular.
- EL electroluminescence
- optical members such as polarizing members and retardation members are generally used to realize image display and improve image display performance (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- VR goggles with a display for realizing Virtual Reality (VR) are beginning to be commercialized. Since VR goggles are being considered for use in a variety of situations, it is desired that they be lighter and have higher definition. Weight reduction can be achieved, for example, by making the lenses used in VR goggles thinner. On the other hand, there is also a desire for the development of optical members suitable for display systems using thin lenses.
- the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a display system that can reduce the weight and increase the definition of VR goggles.
- a display system is a display system that displays an image to a user, and includes a display element having a display surface that forwardly emits light representing an image through a polarizing member; a reflecting section disposed in front, including a reflective polarizing member, and reflecting light emitted from the display element; and a first lens section disposed on an optical path between the display element and the reflecting section; a half mirror disposed between the display element and the first lens part, which transmits the light emitted from the display element and reflects the light reflected by the reflection part toward the reflection part; a first ⁇ /4 member disposed on the optical path between the display element and the half mirror; a second ⁇ /4 member disposed on the optical path between the half mirror and the reflective section; , and the ellipticity of the polarized light reflected by the reflecting portion is 0.01 or less.
- a space may be formed between the first ⁇ /4 member and the second ⁇ /4 member. 3.
- the display element and the first ⁇ /4 member may be integrated. 4.
- the first lens portion and the second ⁇ /4 member may be integrated. 5.
- the angle between the slow axis of the first ⁇ /4 member and the slow axis of the second ⁇ /4 member is 7° or less or 83°. The angle may be 97°. 7.
- the first ⁇ /4 member and the second ⁇ /4 member may each have an ISC value of 50 or less.
- the first ⁇ /4 member and the second ⁇ /4 member may each have a thickness of 100 ⁇ m or less.
- variations in thickness of the first ⁇ /4 member and the second ⁇ /4 member may be 1 ⁇ m or less. 10.
- the first ⁇ /4 member and the second ⁇ /4 member may each have an ISC value of 1 or less per unit thickness. 11.
- the angle between the absorption axis of the polarizing member included in the display element and the slow axis of the first ⁇ /4 member is 40° to 50°.
- the angle between the absorption axis of the polarizing member included in the display element and the slow axis of the second ⁇ /4 member may be 40° to 50°.
- a display body according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the display system described in any one of 1 to 11 above.
- a method for manufacturing a display body according to an embodiment of the present invention is a method for manufacturing a display body including the display system according to any one of items 1 to 11 above.
- a display method includes the steps of passing light representing an image emitted through a polarizing member through a first ⁇ /4 member; , passing the light that has passed through the half mirror and the first lens section, passing the light that has passed through the half mirror and the first lens section through a second ⁇ /4 member, and the second ⁇ /4 member. a step of reflecting the light that has passed through the mirror toward the half mirror by a reflecting section including a reflective polarizing member; and a step of reflecting the light reflected by the reflecting section and the half mirror by the second ⁇ /4 member. and a step of making the reflective part transmittable, and the ellipticity of the polarized light reflected by the reflective part is 0.01 or less.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a general configuration of a display system according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- (a) is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of the progression of light in the display system shown in FIG. 1
- (b) is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a change in the polarization state of light in the display system shown in FIG. 1.
- (a) is a schematic diagram illustrating another example of the progression of light in the display system shown in FIG. 1
- (b) is a schematic diagram illustrating another example of a change in the polarization state of light in the display system shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a method of measuring thickness variations. It is a figure for explaining the measuring method of an ISC value.
- Refractive index (nx, ny, nz) "nx" is the refractive index in the direction in which the in-plane refractive index is maximum (i.e., slow axis direction), and "ny” is the direction perpendicular to the slow axis in the plane (i.e., fast axis direction) "nz” is the refractive index in the thickness direction.
- Refractive index (nx, ny, nz) "nx" is the refractive index in the direction in which the in-plane refractive index is maximum (i.e., slow axis direction), and "ny” is the direction perpendicular to the slow axis in the plane (i.e., fast axis direction) "nz” is the refractive index in the thickness direction.
- In-plane phase difference (Re) "Re( ⁇ )” is an in-plane retardation measured with light having a wavelength of ⁇ nm at 23°C.
- Re(550) is an in-plane retardation measured with light having a wavelength of 550 nm at 23°C.
- Phase difference in thickness direction (Rth) is a retardation in the thickness direction measured with light having a wavelength of ⁇ nm at 23°C.
- Rth (550) is the retardation in the thickness direction measured with light having a wavelength of 550 nm at 23°C.
- Substantially orthogonal includes a range of 90° ⁇ 10°, preferably within a range of 90° ⁇ 5°, more preferably within a range of 90° ⁇ 3°, and even more preferably 90° ⁇ 3°. It is within a range of 1°.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the general configuration of a display system according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows the arrangement, shape, etc. of each component of the display system 2.
- the display system 2 includes a display element 12, a reflection section 14 including a reflective polarizing member, a first lens section 16, a half mirror 18, a first retardation member 20, a second retardation member 22, and a second retardation member 22. It is equipped with two lens parts 24.
- the reflecting section 14 is arranged at the front of the display element 12 on the display surface 12a side, and can reflect the light emitted from the display element 12.
- the first lens section 16 is arranged on the optical path between the display element 12 and the reflection section 14, and the half mirror 18 is arranged between the display element 12 and the first lens section 16.
- the first retardation member 20 is arranged on the optical path between the display element 12 and the half mirror 18, and the second retardation member 22 is arranged on the optical path between the half mirror 18 and the reflection section 14.
- the display element 12 is, for example, a liquid crystal display or an organic EL display, and has a display surface 12a for displaying images.
- the light emitted from the display surface 12a passes through a polarizing member (typically, a polarizing film) that may be included in the display element 12, and is emitted as first linearly polarized light.
- a polarizing member typically, a polarizing film
- the first retardation member 20 is a ⁇ /4 member that can convert the first linearly polarized light incident on the first retardation member 20 into first circularly polarized light (hereinafter, the first retardation member is referred to as the first (sometimes referred to as a ⁇ /4 member). Note that the first retardation member 20 may be provided integrally with the display element 12.
- the half mirror 18 transmits the light emitted from the display element 12 and reflects the light reflected by the reflection section 14 toward the reflection section 14 .
- the half mirror 18 is provided integrally with the first lens section 16.
- the second retardation member 22 is a ⁇ /4 member that can transmit the light reflected by the reflection part 14 and the half mirror 18 through the reflection part 14 including a reflective polarizing member (hereinafter referred to as the second retardation member). (sometimes referred to as the second ⁇ /4 member). Note that the second retardation member 22 may be provided integrally with the first lens portion 16.
- the first circularly polarized light emitted from the first ⁇ /4 member 20 passes through the half mirror 18 and the first lens section 16, and is converted into second linearly polarized light by the second ⁇ /4 member 22. .
- the second linearly polarized light emitted from the second ⁇ /4 member 22 is reflected toward the half mirror 18 without passing through the reflective polarizing member included in the reflecting section 14 .
- the polarization direction of the second linearly polarized light incident on the reflective polarizing member included in the reflecting section 14 is the same direction as the reflection axis of the reflective polarizing member. Therefore, the second linearly polarized light incident on the reflection section 14 is reflected by the reflective polarizing member.
- the ellipticity of the polarized light (specifically, the second linearly polarized light) reflected by the reflecting section 14 is 0.01 or less, preferably 0.009 or less, and more preferably 0.007 or less. Such ellipticity can, for example, suppress light leakage and contribute to higher definition.
- the ellipticity is the ratio of the short axis/long axis of circularly polarized light; for example, the ellipticity is 1 when the light is completely circularly polarized, and the ellipticity is 0 when the light is completely linearly polarized. In one embodiment, the ellipticity is measured at a wavelength of 550 nm, where visibility is high (eg, the human eye easily perceives light).
- the second linearly polarized light reflected by the reflection section 14 is converted into second circularly polarized light by the second ⁇ /4 member 22, and the second circularly polarized light emitted from the second ⁇ /4 member 22 is converted into second circularly polarized light by the second ⁇ /4 member 22.
- the light passes through one lens section 16 and is reflected by a half mirror 18.
- the circularly polarized light reflected by the half mirror 18 passes through the first lens section 16 and is converted into third linearly polarized light by the second ⁇ /4 member 22.
- the third linearly polarized light passes through the reflective polarizing member included in the reflecting section 14.
- the polarization direction of the third linearly polarized light incident on the reflective polarizing member included in the reflecting section 14 is the same direction as the transmission axis of the reflective polarizing member. Therefore, the third linearly polarized light that has entered the reflecting section 14 is transmitted through the reflective polarizing member.
- the light that has passed through the reflection section 14 passes through the second lens section 24 and enters the user's eyes 26 .
- the absorption axis of the polarizing member included in the display element 12 and the reflection axis of the reflective polarizing member included in the reflecting section 14 may be arranged substantially parallel to each other, or may be arranged substantially perpendicular to each other.
- the angle between the absorption axis of the polarizing member included in the display element 12 and the slow axis of the first retardation member 20 is, for example, 40° to 50°, may be 42° to 48°, and is about 45°. It may be °.
- the angle between the absorption axis of the polarizing member included in the display element 12 and the slow axis of the second retardation member 22 is, for example, 40° to 50°, may be 42° to 48°, and is about 45°. It may be °.
- the in-plane retardation Re (550) of the first retardation member 20 is, for example, 100 nm to 190 nm, may be 110 nm to 180 nm, may be 130 nm to 160 nm, or may be 135 nm to 155 nm. .
- the first retardation member 20 preferably exhibits inverse dispersion wavelength characteristics in which the retardation value increases depending on the wavelength of the measurement light.
- Re(450)/Re(550) of the first retardation member 20 is, for example, less than 1 and may be 0.95 or less, further less than 0.90, and even 0.85 or less. good.
- Re(450)/Re(550) of the first retardation member 20 is, for example, 0.75 or more.
- the first retardation member 20 has Re(400)/Re(550) ⁇ 0.85, Re(650)/Re(550)>1.03, and Re(750)/Re( 550)>1.05.
- the first retardation member 20 has 0.65 ⁇ Re(400)/Re(550) ⁇ 0.80 (preferably 0.7 ⁇ Re(400)/Re(550) ⁇ 0.75), 1. 0 ⁇ Re(650)/Re(550) ⁇ 1.25 (preferably 1.05 ⁇ Re(650)/Re(550) ⁇ 1.20) and 1.05 ⁇ Re(750)/Re( 550) ⁇ 1.40 (preferably 1.08 ⁇ Re(750)/Re(550) ⁇ 1.36), more preferably at least two. More preferably, all of them are satisfied.
- the first retardation member 20 preferably exhibits a refractive index characteristic of nx>ny ⁇ nz.
- the Nz coefficient of the first retardation member 20 is preferably 0.9 to 3, more preferably 0.9 to 2.5, even more preferably 0.9 to 1.5, particularly preferably 0.9 to 1. It is 3.
- the ISC value of the first retardation member 20 is, for example, 50 or less, preferably 40 or less, more preferably 30 or less, and even more preferably 20 or less.
- the ISC value can be an indicator of smoothness or unevenness.
- the variation in the thickness of the first retardation member 20 is preferably 1 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.8 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 0.6 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 0.4 ⁇ m or less. With such thickness variations, for example, the above ISC value can be achieved satisfactorily.
- the thickness variation is defined as the thickness of the first part located in the plane of the retardation member and the predetermined thickness in any direction from the first part (for example, upward, downward, leftward, and rightward). It can be determined by measuring the thickness at positions spaced apart (for example, 5 mm to 15 mm).
- the ISC value per unit thickness of the first retardation member 20 is preferably 1 or less, more preferably 0.7 or less, and still more preferably 0.5 or less.
- the ISC value per unit thickness can be determined, for example, by dividing the ISC value by the thickness (unit: ⁇ m).
- the first retardation member 20 is formed of any suitable material that can satisfy the above characteristics.
- the first retardation member 20 may be, for example, a stretched resin film or an oriented solidified layer of a liquid crystal compound. Note that the stretched film of the resin film is sometimes referred to as a retardation film.
- the resins contained in the above resin film include polycarbonate resin, polyester carbonate resin, polyester resin, polyvinyl acetal resin, polyarylate resin, cyclic olefin resin, cellulose resin, polyvinyl alcohol resin, and polyamide resin. , polyimide resin, polyether resin, polystyrene resin, acrylic resin, and the like. These resins may be used alone or in combination (for example, blended or copolymerized).
- a resin film containing a polycarbonate resin or a polyester carbonate resin hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as a polycarbonate resin
- polycarbonate resins contain structural units derived from fluorene-based dihydroxy compounds, structural units derived from isosorbide-based dihydroxy compounds, alicyclic diols, alicyclic dimethanols, di-, tri-, or polyethylene glycols, and alkylene-based dihydroxy compounds. a structural unit derived from at least one dihydroxy compound selected from the group consisting of glycol or spiroglycol.
- the polycarbonate resin contains a structural unit derived from a fluorene dihydroxy compound, a structural unit derived from an isosorbide dihydroxy compound, a structural unit derived from an alicyclic dimethanol, and/or a di, tri, or polyethylene glycol. More preferably, it contains a structural unit derived from a fluorene dihydroxy compound, a structural unit derived from an isosorbide dihydroxy compound, and a structural unit derived from di, tri or polyethylene glycol. .
- the polycarbonate resin may contain structural units derived from other dihydroxy compounds as necessary.
- the liquid crystal compound alignment and solidification layer is a layer in which the liquid crystal compound is aligned in a predetermined direction within the layer, and the alignment state is fixed.
- the "alignment hardened layer” is a concept that includes an orientation hardened layer obtained by curing a liquid crystal monomer as described below.
- rod-shaped liquid crystal compounds are typically aligned in the slow axis direction of the first retardation member (homogeneous alignment). Examples of rod-shaped liquid crystal compounds include liquid crystal polymers and liquid crystal monomers.
- the liquid crystal compound is preferably polymerizable. If the liquid crystal compound is polymerizable, the alignment state of the liquid crystal compound can be fixed by aligning the liquid crystal compound and then polymerizing it.
- the liquid crystal compound alignment and solidification layer is produced by subjecting the surface of a predetermined base material to an alignment treatment, applying a coating liquid containing the liquid crystal compound to the surface, and subjecting the liquid crystal compound to the alignment treatment. It can be formed by orienting it in a corresponding direction and fixing the orientation state. Any suitable orientation treatment may be employed as the orientation treatment. Specifically, mechanical alignment treatment, physical alignment treatment, and chemical alignment treatment can be mentioned. Specific examples of mechanical alignment treatment include rubbing treatment and stretching treatment. Specific examples of physical alignment treatment include magnetic field alignment treatment and electric field alignment treatment. Specific examples of chemical alignment treatment include oblique vapor deposition and photo alignment treatment. As the treatment conditions for various orientation treatments, any appropriate conditions may be adopted depending on the purpose.
- the alignment of the liquid crystal compound is carried out by treatment at a temperature that exhibits a liquid crystal phase depending on the type of liquid crystal compound.
- the liquid crystal compound assumes a liquid crystal state, and the liquid crystal compound is oriented in accordance with the orientation treatment direction of the substrate surface.
- the alignment state is fixed by cooling the liquid crystal compound aligned as described above.
- the alignment state is fixed by subjecting the liquid crystal compound aligned as described above to polymerization treatment or crosslinking treatment.
- liquid crystal compound any suitable liquid crystal polymer and/or liquid crystal monomer can be used as the liquid crystal compound.
- the liquid crystal polymer and the liquid crystal monomer may be used alone or in combination.
- Specific examples of liquid crystal compounds and methods for producing liquid crystal alignment solidified layers are described in, for example, JP 2006-163343A, JP 2006-178389A, and WO 2018/123551A. The descriptions of these publications are incorporated herein by reference.
- the thickness of the first retardation member 20 is preferably 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the first retardation member 20 made of a stretched resin film is, for example, 10 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 10 ⁇ m to 70 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 ⁇ m to 60 ⁇ m, and still more preferably 20 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m. It is.
- the thickness of the first retardation member 20 composed of the liquid crystal alignment solidified layer is, for example, 1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, preferably 1 ⁇ m to 8 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 ⁇ m to 6 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 1 ⁇ m to 4 ⁇ m.
- the in-plane retardation Re (550) of the second retardation member 22 is, for example, 100 nm to 190 nm, may be 110 nm to 180 nm, may be 130 nm to 160 nm, or may be 135 nm to 155 nm. .
- the second retardation member 22 preferably exhibits inverse dispersion wavelength characteristics in which the retardation value increases depending on the wavelength of the measurement light.
- Re(450)/Re(550) of the second retardation member 22 is, for example, less than 1 and may be 0.95 or less, further less than 0.90, and even 0.85 or less. good.
- Re(450)/Re(550) of the second retardation member 22 is, for example, 0.75 or more.
- the second retardation member 22 has Re(400)/Re(550) ⁇ 0.85, Re(650)/Re(550)>1.03, and Re(750)/Re( 550)>1.05.
- the second retardation member 22 has 0.65 ⁇ Re(400)/Re(550) ⁇ 0.80 (preferably 0.7 ⁇ Re(400)/Re(550) ⁇ 0.75), 1. 0 ⁇ Re(650)/Re(550) ⁇ 1.25 (preferably 1.05 ⁇ Re(650)/Re(550) ⁇ 1.20) and 1.05 ⁇ Re(750)/Re( 550) ⁇ 1.40 (preferably 1.08 ⁇ Re(750)/Re(550) ⁇ 1.36), more preferably at least two. More preferably, all of them are satisfied.
- the second retardation member 22 preferably exhibits a refractive index characteristic of nx>ny ⁇ nz.
- the Nz coefficient of the second retardation member 22 is preferably 0.9 to 3, more preferably 0.9 to 2.5, even more preferably 0.9 to 1.5, particularly preferably 0.9 to 1. It is 3.
- the ISC value of the second retardation member 22 is, for example, 50 or less, preferably 40 or less, more preferably 30 or less, and still more preferably 20 or less.
- the ISC value can be an indicator of smoothness or unevenness.
- the variation in the thickness of the second retardation member 22 is preferably 1 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.8 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 0.6 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 0.4 ⁇ m or less. With such thickness variations, for example, the above ISC value can be achieved satisfactorily.
- the ISC value per unit thickness of the second retardation member 22 is preferably 1 or less, more preferably 0.7 or less, and still more preferably 0.5 or less.
- the second retardation member 22 is formed of any suitable material that can satisfy the above characteristics.
- the second retardation member 22 may be, for example, a stretched resin film or an oriented solidified layer of a liquid crystal compound.
- the same explanation as for the first retardation member 20 can be applied to the second retardation member 22 made of a stretched resin film or an oriented solidified layer of a liquid crystal compound.
- the first retardation member 20 and the second retardation member 22 may have the same configuration (forming material, thickness, optical properties, etc.), or may have different configurations.
- the thickness of the second retardation member 22 is preferably 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the second retardation member 22 made of a stretched resin film is, for example, 10 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 10 ⁇ m to 70 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 ⁇ m to 60 ⁇ m, and still more preferably 20 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m. It is.
- the thickness of the second retardation member 22 composed of the liquid crystal alignment solidified layer is, for example, 1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, preferably 1 ⁇ m to 8 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 ⁇ m to 6 ⁇ m, and still more preferably 1 ⁇ m to 4 ⁇ m.
- the ellipticity of the polarized light reflected by the reflecting section 14 described above is evaluated as the ellipticity of a laminate of a polarizing member that may be included in the display element 12, the first retardation member 20, and the second retardation member 22, for example. can do.
- a space may be formed between the first retardation member 20 and the second retardation member 22.
- the first retardation member 20 and the second retardation member 22 are not integrated using adhesive and/or adhesive, and the first retardation member 20 and the second retardation member 22 are A space may be formed between them. Because of the space, it may be difficult to align the slow axis of the first phase difference member 20 and the slow axis of the second phase difference member 22, for example. In one embodiment, managing the ellipticity in the display system 2 can greatly contribute to higher definition and improved visibility.
- the above ellipticity can be achieved, for example, by adjusting the difference between the in-plane retardation (a) of the first retardation member and the in-plane retardation (b) of the second retardation member.
- the absolute value of the difference between the in-plane retardation (a) of the first retardation member and the in-plane retardation (b) of the second retardation member is, for example, 3.5 nm or less, preferably 3.0 nm or less. It is more preferably 2.5 nm or less, still more preferably 2.0 nm or less, particularly preferably 1.5 nm or less, and most preferably 1.0 nm or less.
- (a) and (b) are values of Re(590).
- the in-plane retardation (a) of the first retardation member and the in-plane retardation (b) of the second retardation member satisfy the following formula (I). ((a)-(b))/((a)+(b)/2) ⁇ 0.02...(I) More preferably ((a)-(b))/((a)+(b)/2) ⁇ 0.015, even more preferably ((a)-(b))/((a)+( b)/2) ⁇ 0.01.
- the reflecting section 14 may include an absorbing polarizing member.
- the absorptive polarizing member may be placed in front of the reflective polarizing member.
- the reflection axis of the reflective polarizing member and the absorption axis of the absorptive polarizing member may be arranged substantially parallel to each other, and the transmission axis of the reflective polarizing member and the transmission axis of the absorptive polarizing member may be arranged substantially parallel to each other.
- the reflecting section 14 may include a laminate having a reflective polarizing member and an absorbing polarizing member.
- the reflective polarizing member can transmit polarized light parallel to its transmission axis (typically, linearly polarized light) while maintaining its polarized state, and can reflect light in other polarized states.
- the cross transmittance (Tc) of the reflective polarizing member may be, for example, 0.01% to 3%.
- the single transmittance (Ts) of the reflective polarizing member may be, for example, 43% to 49%, preferably 45% to 47%.
- the degree of polarization (P) of the reflective polarizing member may be, for example, 92% to 99.99%.
- the reflective polarizing member is typically composed of a film having a multilayer structure (sometimes referred to as a reflective polarizing film). Commercially available reflective polarizing films include, for example, 3M's product names "DBEF" and "APF” and Nitto Denko's product name "APCF”.
- the absorption type polarizing member may typically include a resin film (sometimes referred to as an absorption type polarizing film) containing a dichroic substance.
- the thickness of the absorption type polarizing film is, for example, 1 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less, may be 2 ⁇ m or more and 15 ⁇ m or less, may be 12 ⁇ m or less, may be 10 ⁇ m or less, or may be 8 ⁇ m or less, It may be 5 ⁇ m or less.
- the above-mentioned absorption type polarizing film may be produced from a single layer resin film, or may be produced using a laminate of two or more layers.
- a hydrophilic polymer film such as a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film, a partially formalized PVA film, or a partially saponified ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer film is coated with iodine or dichloromethane.
- An absorption type polarizing film can be obtained by performing a dyeing treatment with a dichroic substance such as a color dye, a stretching treatment, and the like. Among these, an absorption type polarizing film obtained by dyeing a PVA film with iodine and uniaxially stretching it is preferred.
- the above-mentioned staining with iodine is performed, for example, by immersing the PVA-based film in an iodine aqueous solution.
- the stretching ratio of the above-mentioned uniaxial stretching is preferably 3 to 7 times. Stretching may be performed after the dyeing process or may be performed while dyeing. Alternatively, it may be dyed after being stretched. If necessary, the PVA film is subjected to swelling treatment, crosslinking treatment, washing treatment, drying treatment, etc.
- the laminate produced using the above-mentioned laminate of two or more layers is a laminate of a resin base material and a PVA resin layer (PVA resin film) laminated on the resin base material, or a laminate of a resin base material and a PVA resin layer (PVA resin film) laminated on the resin base material, or Examples include a laminate of a material and a PVA-based resin layer formed by coating on the resin base material.
- An absorption type polarizing film obtained by using a laminate of a resin base material and a PVA resin layer coated on the resin base material can be obtained by, for example, applying a PVA resin solution to the resin base material, drying it, and applying the resin.
- a PVA-based resin layer on a base material to obtain a laminate of the resin base material and the PVA-based resin layer; stretching and dyeing the laminate to make the PVA-based resin layer an absorption type polarizing film.
- a polyvinyl alcohol resin layer containing a halide and a polyvinyl alcohol resin is formed on one side of the resin base material.
- Stretching typically includes immersing the laminate in an aqueous boric acid solution and stretching.
- the stretching may further include stretching the laminate in air at a high temperature (for example, 95° C. or higher) before stretching in the boric acid aqueous solution, if necessary.
- the laminate is preferably subjected to a drying shrinkage treatment in which the laminate is heated while being conveyed in the longitudinal direction to shrink by 2% or more in the width direction.
- the manufacturing method of this embodiment includes subjecting the laminate to an in-air auxiliary stretching process, a dyeing process, an underwater stretching process, and a drying shrinkage process in this order.
- the obtained resin base material/absorption type polarizing film laminate may be used as is (that is, the resin base material may be used as a protective layer of the absorption type polarizing film), or the resin base material/absorption type polarizing film laminate may be used as is.
- Any suitable protective layer depending on the purpose may be laminated on the peeled surface from which the resin base material is peeled off, or on the surface opposite to the peeled surface. Details of the manufacturing method of such an absorption type polarizing film are described in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2012-73580 and Japanese Patent No. 6470455. The entire descriptions of these publications are incorporated herein by reference.
- the orthogonal transmittance (Tc) of the absorption type polarizing member (absorption type polarizing film) is preferably 0.5% or less, more preferably 0.1% or less, and still more preferably 0.05% or less. be.
- the single transmittance (Ts) of the absorption type polarizing member (absorption type polarizing film) is, for example, 41.0% to 45.0%, preferably 42.0% or more.
- the degree of polarization (P) of the absorption type polarizing member (absorption type polarizing film) is, for example, 99.0% to 99.997%, preferably 99.9% or more.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of the progression of light and changes in polarization state in the display system shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 2(a) is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of the progression of light in the display system
- FIG. 2(b) is a diagram illustrating how light passes through each member or is reflected by each member in the display system.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a change in the polarization state of light due to the change in the polarization state of light.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of the progression of light and changes in polarization state in the display system shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 2(a) is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of the progression of light in the display system
- FIG. 2(b) is a diagram illustrating how light passes through each member or is reflected by each member in the display system.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a change in the polarization state of light due to the change
- the solid arrows attached to the display element 12 indicate the absorption axis direction of the polarizing member included in the display element 12
- the arrows attached to the first retardation member 20 and the second retardation member 22 indicate the direction of the absorption axis of the polarizing member included in the display element 12.
- the solid line arrows attached to the reflective polarizing member 14a included in the reflecting section 14 indicate the direction of the reflection axis
- the broken line arrows indicate the direction of the transmission axis of each polarizing member.
- the first retardation member 20 and the second retardation member 22 are arranged such that their slow axes are substantially parallel to each other.
- the absorption axis of the polarizing member included in the display element 12 and the reflection axis of the reflective polarizing member 14a included in the reflecting section 14 are arranged substantially parallel to each other. In other words, the polarization direction of the light emitted through the polarizing member included in the display element 12 and the reflection axis of the reflective polarizing member 14a included in the reflecting section 14 are substantially orthogonal to each other.
- the light L emitted from the display element 12 as first linearly polarized light via the polarizing member is converted into first circularly polarized light by the first ⁇ /4 member 20.
- the first circularly polarized light passes through the half mirror 18 and the first lens part 16 (not shown in FIG. 2), and is then passed through the second ⁇ /4 member 22 to form a second circularly polarized light whose polarization direction is orthogonal to the first linearly polarized light. is converted into linearly polarized light.
- the polarization direction of the second linearly polarized light is in the same direction (substantially parallel) as the reflection axis of the reflective polarizing member 14a included in the reflection section 14. Therefore, the second linearly polarized light incident on the reflection section 14 is reflected toward the half mirror 18 by the reflective polarizing member 14a.
- the second linearly polarized light reflected by the reflecting section 14 is converted into second circularly polarized light by the second ⁇ /4 member 22.
- the rotation direction of the second circularly polarized light is the same as the rotation direction of the first circularly polarized light.
- the second circularly polarized light emitted from the second ⁇ /4 member 22 passes through the first lens section 16 and is reflected by the half mirror 18, forming a third circle that rotates in the opposite direction to the second circularly polarized light. converted into polarized light.
- the third circularly polarized light reflected by the half mirror 18 passes through the first lens section 16 and is converted into third linearly polarized light by the second ⁇ /4 member 22.
- the polarization direction of the third linearly polarized light is orthogonal to the polarization direction of the second linearly polarized light, and is in the same direction (substantially parallel) as the transmission axis of the reflective polarizing member 14a. Therefore, the third linearly polarized light can be transmitted through the reflective polarizing member 14a. Further, although not shown, when the reflective section includes an absorption type polarizing member, the absorption axis thereof is arranged to be approximately parallel to the reflection axis of the reflective polarizing member 14a, so that the light transmitted through the reflective polarizing member 14a is The third linearly polarized light can pass through the absorptive polarizing member as it is. The light that has passed through the reflection section 14 passes through the second lens section 24 and enters the user's eyes 26 .
- the first linearly polarized light emitted from the display element 12 via the polarizing member is converted into the first circularly polarized light by the first ⁇ /4 member 20.
- the light is converted into a second linearly polarized light by the second ⁇ /4 member 22, and can be reflected by the reflecting section 14.
- the ellipticity of the polarized light reflected by the reflecting part 14 is 0.01 or less, light leakage in the reflecting part 14 can be extremely well suppressed, and as a result, light is reflected or absorbed by the reflecting part 14. It is possible to suitably suppress the user from viewing the desired light as an afterimage (ghost).
- the slow axes of the first retardation member 20 and the second retardation member 22 are both relative to the absorption axis of the polarizing member included in the display element 12. They are arranged so as to form a predetermined angle (for example, 40° to 50°) counterclockwise; It's okay. In this case as well, the same explanation as above can be applied.
- the angle between the slow axes of the first phase difference member 20 and the second phase difference member 22 is, for example, 7 degrees or less, preferably 6 degrees or less, more preferably 5 degrees or less, and still more preferably 4 degrees or less. , and even more preferably arranged so that the angle is 3° or less.
- the slow axis of the first phase difference member 20 and the slow axis of the second phase difference member 22 are arranged substantially parallel to each other, but as shown in FIG. 3, they are arranged substantially orthogonally. may have been done.
- either one of the slow axis of the first retardation member 20 and the slow axis of the second retardation member 22 is rotated counterclockwise at a predetermined angle ( For example, one may be arranged to make a predetermined angle (for example, 40° to 50°) clockwise with respect to the absorption axis of the polarizing member.
- a predetermined angle for example, 40° to 50°
- the absorption axis of the polarizing member included in the display element 12 and the reflection axis of the reflective polarizing member 14a included in the reflecting section 14 may be arranged substantially perpendicular to each other.
- the angle between the slow axes of the first retardation member 20 and the second retardation member 22 is, for example, 83° to 97°, preferably 84° to 96°, more preferably 85° to 95°. °, more preferably 86° to 94°, even more preferably 87° to 93°.
- test and evaluation methods in Examples and the like are as follows.
- parts when it is written as “parts”, it means “parts by weight” unless there are special notes, and when it is written as “%”, it means “wt%” unless there are special notes.
- Thickness The thickness of 10 ⁇ m or less was measured using a scanning electron microscope (manufactured by JEOL Ltd., product name “JSM-7100F”). Thickness exceeding 10 ⁇ m was measured using a digital micrometer (manufactured by Anritsu Corporation, product name “KC-351C”).
- In-plane phase difference Re( ⁇ ) A sample was prepared by cutting out the central part and both ends of the retardation film in the width direction into a square shape with a width of 50 mm and a length of 50 mm, with one side parallel to the width direction of the film. The in-plane retardation of this sample at each wavelength at 23° C.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a method for measuring an ISC value, and is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a light source, a retardation film, a screen, and a CCD camera viewed from above. As shown in FIG. 5, a light source L, a retardation film M, and a screen S were arranged in this order, and a transmitted image projected onto the screen S was measured by a CCD camera C.
- the retardation film M was attached to a non-alkali glass plate (manufactured by Corning, Inc., 1737), and the measurement was conducted with the glass plate placed on the light source L side.
- the arrangement was such that the distance from the light source L to the retardation film M in the X-axis direction was 10 to 60 cm.
- the arrangement was such that the distance from the light source L to the screen S in the X-axis direction was 70 to 130 cm.
- the arrangement was such that the distance from the CCD camera C to the retardation film M in the Y-axis direction was 3 to 30 cm.
- the arrangement was such that the distance from the CCD camera C to the screen S in the X-axis direction was 70 to 130 cm.
- the oligomerized reaction liquid in the first reactor was transferred to the second reactor.
- temperature increase and pressure reduction in the second reactor were started, and the internal temperature was 240° C. and the pressure was 0.2 kPa in 50 minutes.
- polymerization was allowed to proceed until a predetermined stirring power was reached.
- nitrogen was introduced into the reactor to restore the pressure nitrogen was introduced into the reactor to restore the pressure, the produced polyester carbonate resin was extruded into water, and the strands were cut to obtain pellets.
- polyester carbonate resin pellets
- a single-screw extruder manufactured by Toshiba Machine Co., Ltd., cylinder temperature setting: 250°C
- T-die width 200mm, setting temperature: 250°C
- a long resin film with a thickness of 130 ⁇ m was produced using a film forming apparatus equipped with a chill roll (temperature setting: 120 to 130° C.), a winder and a winder.
- the obtained long resin film was stretched in the width direction at a stretching temperature of 140° C. and a stretching ratio of 2.7 times.
- Retardation film 2 was obtained in the same manner as Production Example 1-1 except that the stretching temperature was changed.
- the thickness of the obtained retardation film 2 was 47 ⁇ m
- Re(590) was 147 nm
- Nz coefficient was 1.2
- Re(450)/Re(550) was 0.856.
- Table 1 shows the ISC value and thickness variation of the retardation film 2.
- thermoplastic resin base material a long, amorphous isophthalic copolymerized polyethylene terephthalate film (thickness: 100 ⁇ m) having a Tg of approximately 75° C. was used, and one side of the resin base material was subjected to corona treatment. Iodine was added to 100 parts by weight of a PVA resin prepared by mixing polyvinyl alcohol (degree of polymerization 4200, degree of saponification 99.2 mol%) and acetoacetyl-modified PVA (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, product name "Gosenex Z410”) in a ratio of 9:1.
- a PVA aqueous solution (coating liquid) was prepared by dissolving 13 parts by weight of potassium chloride in water.
- the PVA aqueous solution was applied to the corona-treated surface of the resin base material and dried at 60° C. to form a PVA-based resin layer with a thickness of 13 ⁇ m, thereby producing a laminate.
- the obtained laminate was uniaxially stretched 2.4 times in the vertical direction (longitudinal direction) in an oven at 130° C. (in-air auxiliary stretching treatment).
- the laminate was immersed for 30 seconds in an insolubilization bath (boric acid aqueous solution obtained by blending 4 parts by weight of boric acid with 100 parts by weight of water) at a liquid temperature of 40° C.
- Example 1 As ⁇ /4 member 1 and ⁇ /4 member 2, two retardation films 1 obtained in Production Example 1-1 were prepared, these were stacked, and the polarizing film obtained in Production Example 2 was further stacked. A body 1 and a laminate 2 were obtained.
- the laminate 1 is a laminate in which a polarizing film, a ⁇ /4 member 1, and a ⁇ /4 member 2 are laminated in this order. It is a laminate that is stacked one on top of the other. Adjacent films were overlapped with an acrylic adhesive layer (manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation, thickness 5 ⁇ m) interposed therebetween.
- the relationship between the slow axis of each retardation film and the absorption axis of the polarizing film is such that the direction of the absorption axis of the polarizing film is determined when the laminate is viewed from the ⁇ /4 member 1 side rather than the ⁇ /4 member 2.
- the angle of the ⁇ /4 member 1 in the slow axis direction is -45°
- the angle of the ⁇ /4 member 2 in the slow axis direction is +45°.
- “+” means clockwise
- "-" means counterclockwise.
- Example 2 Implementation except that retardation film 2 obtained in Production Example 1-2 was used as ⁇ /4 member 1 and ⁇ /4 member 2 instead of retardation film 1 obtained in Production Example 1-1. A laminate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 3 A laminate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the angle in the slow axis direction of the ⁇ /4 member 2 was changed from +45° to +49°.
- Tc is a Y value measured using a 2-degree field of view (C light source) according to JIS Z8701 and subjected to visibility correction.
- the laminate 1 and the laminate 2 produced in Examples and Comparative Examples are simple evaluation models of display systems according to embodiments of the present invention. Specifically, according to the laminate 1, it is possible to reproduce the state of polarization when the light is incident on the reflecting section 14 in the display system according to the embodiment of the present invention. According to the laminate 2 in the evaluation of the orthogonal transmittance, in the display system according to the embodiment of the present invention, for example, light emitted from the display element 12 is transmitted to the first ⁇ /4 member 20 and the second ⁇ /4 member 20. It is possible to evaluate the degree of light that passes through the member 22 and is not reflected by the reflecting section 14 and may cause a ghost.
- the orthogonal transmittance Tc is much lower than in the comparative example, and according to such a display system, light leakage can be suitably suppressed. Since the image may be magnified in the lens portion of the display system (eg, by a convex lens), differences in orthogonal transmittance can significantly affect visibility.
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications are possible.
- it can be replaced with a configuration that is substantially the same as the configuration shown in the above embodiment, a configuration that has the same effect, or a configuration that can achieve the same purpose.
- the display system according to the embodiment of the present invention can be used for a display body such as VR goggles, for example.
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Abstract
Description
2.上記1に記載の表示システムにおいて、上記第1のλ/4部材と上記第2のλ/4部材との間には空間が形成されていてもよい。
3.上記1または2に記載の表示システムにおいて、上記表示素子と上記第1のλ/4部材とは一体であってもよい。
4.上記1から3のいずれかに記載の表示システムにおいて、上記第一レンズ部と上記第2のλ/4部材とは一体であってもよい。
5.上記1から4のいずれかに記載の表示システムにおいて、上記第1のλ/4部材の面内位相差(a)と上記第2のλ/4部材の面内位相差(b)との差の絶対値は3.5nm以下であってもよい。
6.上記1から5のいずれかに記載の表示システムにおいて、上記第1のλ/4部材の遅相軸と上記第2のλ/4部材の遅相軸とのなす角度が7°以下または83°~97°となるように配置されていてもよい。
7.上記1から6のいずれかに記載の表示システムにおいて、上記第1のλ/4部材および上記第2のλ/4部材のISC値は、それぞれ、50以下であってもよい。
8.上記1から7のいずれかに記載の表示システムにおいて、上記第1のλ/4部材および上記第2のλ/4部材の厚みは、それぞれ、100μm以下であってもよい。
9.上記1から8のいずれかに記載の表示システムにおいて、上記第1のλ/4部材および上記第2のλ/4部材の厚みのばらつきは、それぞれ、1μm以下であってもよい。
10.上記1から9のいずれかに記載の表示システムにおいて、上記第1のλ/4部材および上記第2のλ/4部材の単位厚みあたりのISC値は、それぞれ、1以下であってもよい。
11.上記1から10のいずれかに記載の表示システムにおいて、上記表示素子に含まれる上記偏光部材の吸収軸と上記第1のλ/4部材の遅相軸とのなす角度は40°~50°であってもよく、上記表示素子に含まれる上記偏光部材の吸収軸と上記第2のλ/4部材の遅相軸とのなす角度は40°~50°であってもよい。
13.本発明の実施形態による表示体の製造方法は、上記1から11のいずれかに記載の表示システムを具備する表示体の製造方法である。
本明細書における用語および記号の定義は下記の通りである。
(1)屈折率(nx、ny、nz)
「nx」は面内の屈折率が最大になる方向(すなわち、遅相軸方向)の屈折率であり、「ny」は面内で遅相軸と直交する方向(すなわち、進相軸方向)の屈折率であり、「nz」は厚み方向の屈折率である。
(2)面内位相差(Re)
「Re(λ)」は、23℃における波長λnmの光で測定した面内位相差である。例えば、「Re(550)」は、23℃における波長550nmの光で測定した面内位相差である。Re(λ)は、層(フィルム)の厚みをd(nm)としたとき、式:Re(λ)=(nx-ny)×dによって求められる。
(3)厚み方向の位相差(Rth)
「Rth(λ)」は、23℃における波長λnmの光で測定した厚み方向の位相差である。例えば、「Rth(550)」は、23℃における波長550nmの光で測定した厚み方向の位相差である。Rth(λ)は、層(フィルム)の厚みをd(nm)としたとき、式:Rth(λ)=(nx-nz)×dによって求められる。
(4)Nz係数
Nz係数は、Nz=Rth/Reによって求められる。
(5)角度
本明細書において角度に言及するときは、特段の言及がない限り、当該角度は基準方向に対して時計回りおよび反時計回りの両方を包含する。したがって、例えば「45°」は±45°を意味する。また、本明細書において、「略平行」は、0°±10°の範囲を包含し、好ましくは0°±5°の範囲内であり、より好ましくは0°±3°の範囲内であり、さらに好ましくは0°±1°の範囲内である。「略直交」は、90°±10°の範囲を包含し、好ましくは90°±5°の範囲内であり、より好ましくは90°±3°の範囲内であり、さらに好ましくは90°±1°の範囲内である。
((a)-(b))/((a)+(b)/2)≦0.02・・・(I)
より好ましくは((a)-(b))/((a)+(b)/2)≦0.015であり、さらに好ましくは((a)-(b))/((a)+(b)/2)≦0.01である。
10μm以下の厚みは、走査型電子顕微鏡(日本電子社製、製品名「JSM-7100F」)を用いて測定した。10μmを超える厚みは、デジタルマイクロメーター(アンリツ社製、製品名「KC-351C」)を用いて測定した。
(2)面内位相差Re(λ)
位相差フィルムの幅方向中央部および両端部を、一辺が当該フィルムの幅方向と平行となるようにして幅50mm、長さ50mmの正方形状に切り出して試料を作製した。この試料を、ミュラーマトリクス・ポラリメーター(Axometrics社製、製品名「Axoscan」)を用いて、23℃における各波長での面内位相差を測定した。
(3)偏光フィルムの単体透過率および偏光度
分光光度計(大塚電子社製、「LPF-200」)を用いて、偏光フィルムの単体透過率Ts、平行透過率Tp、直交透過率Tcを測定した。これらのTs、TpおよびTcは、JIS Z8701の2度視野(C光源)により測定して視感度補正を行なったY値である。得られたTpおよびTcから、下記式を用いて偏光フィルムの偏光度を求めた。
偏光度(%)={(Tp-Tc)/(Tp+Tc)}1/2×100
(4)厚みのばらつき
位相差フィルムを100mm×100mmのサイズに切り出して測定サンプルとした。図4に示すように、測定サンプルの中心と中心から上下左右に各々10mm離れた4点との計5点における厚みを測定し、最大値と最小値との差を厚みのばらつきとした。
(5)ISC値
位相差フィルムについて、株式会社アイ・システム製のEyeScale-4Wを用いてISC値を測定した。具体的には、測定装置の仕様に基づいて、3CCDイメージセンサーのISC測定モードにて、面内のムラをISC値として算出した。
図5は、ISC値の測定方法を説明するための図であり、光源、位相差フィルム、スクリーン、CCDカメラの配置を上から見た概略図である。図5に示すように、光源L、位相差フィルムM、および、スクリーンSをこの順に配置して、スクリーンSに投影された透過画像を、CCDカメラCにより測定した。なお、位相差フィルムMは、無アルカリガラス板(コーニング社製、1737)に貼り付けられ、そのガラス板が光源L側となるように配置した状態で測定に供した。
光源Lから位相差フィルムMまでのX軸方向における距離は10~60cmになるように配置した。光源LからスクリーンSまでのX軸方向における距離は70~130cmになるように配置した。CCDカメラCから位相差フィルムMまでのY軸方向における距離は3~30cmになるように配置した。CCDカメラCからスクリーンSまでのX軸方向における距離は70~130cmになるように配置した。
撹拌翼および100℃に制御された還流冷却器を具備した縦型反応器2器からなるバッチ重合装置に、ビス[9-(2-フェノキシカルボニルエチル)フルオレン-9-イル]メタン29.60重量部(0.046mol)、イソソルビド(ISB)29.21重量部(0.200mol)、スピログリコール(SPG)42.28重量部(0.139mol)、ジフェニルカーボネート(DPC)63.77重量部(0.298mol)、および、触媒として酢酸カルシウム1水和物1.19×10-2重量部(6.78×10-5mol)を仕込んだ。反応器内を減圧窒素置換した後、熱媒で加温を行い、内温が100℃になった時点で撹拌を開始した。昇温開始40分後に内温を220℃に到達させ、この温度を保持するように制御すると同時に減圧を開始し、220℃に到達してから90分で13.3kPaにした。重合反応とともに副生するフェノール蒸気を100℃の還流冷却器に導き、フェノール蒸気中に若干量含まれるモノマー成分を反応器に戻し、凝縮しないフェノール蒸気は45℃の凝縮器に導いて回収した。第1反応器に窒素を導入して一旦大気圧まで復圧させた後、第1反応器内のオリゴマー化された反応液を第2反応器に移した。次いで、第2反応器内の昇温および減圧を開始して、50分で内温240℃、圧力0.2kPaにした。その後、所定の攪拌動力となるまで重合を進行させた。所定動力に到達した時点で反応器に窒素を導入して復圧し、生成したポリエステルカーボネート系樹脂を水中に押し出し、ストランドをカッティングしてペレットを得た。
得られたポリエステルカーボネート系樹脂(ペレット)を80℃で5時間真空乾燥をした後、単軸押出機(東芝機械社製、シリンダー設定温度:250℃)、Tダイ(幅200mm、設定温度:250℃)、チルロール(設定温度:120~130℃)および巻取機を備えたフィルム製膜装置を用いて、厚み130μmの長尺状の樹脂フィルムを作製した。得られた長尺状の樹脂フィルムを、幅方向に、延伸温度140℃、延伸倍率2.7倍で延伸した。
こうして、厚みが47μmで、Re(590)が143nmであり、Nz係数が1.2である位相差フィルム1を得た。得られた位相差フィルム1のRe(450)/Re(550)は0.856であった。また、位相差フィルム1のISC値および厚みのばらつきを表1に示す。
延伸温度を変更した以外は製造例1-1と同様にして、位相差フィルム2を得た。得られた位相差フィルム2の厚みは47μmであり、Re(590)が147nmであり、Nz係数は1.2であり、Re(450)/Re(550)は0.856であった。また、位相差フィルム2のISC値および厚みのばらつきを表1に示す。
熱可塑性樹脂基材として、長尺状で、Tg約75℃である、非晶質のイソフタル共重合ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム(厚み:100μm)を用い、樹脂基材の片面に、コロナ処理を施した。
ポリビニルアルコール(重合度4200、ケン化度99.2モル%)およびアセトアセチル変性PVA(三菱ケミカル社製、商品名「ゴーセネックスZ410」)を9:1で混合したPVA系樹脂100重量部に、ヨウ化カリウム13重量部を添加したものを水に溶かし、PVA水溶液(塗布液)を調製した。
樹脂基材のコロナ処理面に、上記PVA水溶液を塗布して60℃で乾燥することにより、厚み13μmのPVA系樹脂層を形成し、積層体を作製した。
得られた積層体を、130℃のオーブン内で縦方向(長手方向)に2.4倍に一軸延伸した(空中補助延伸処理)。
次いで、積層体を、液温40℃の不溶化浴(水100重量部に対して、ホウ酸を4重量部配合して得られたホウ酸水溶液)に30秒間浸漬させた(不溶化処理)。
次いで、液温30℃の染色浴(水100重量部に対して、ヨウ素とヨウ化カリウムを1:7の重量比で配合して得られたヨウ素水溶液)に、最終的に得られる吸収型偏光膜の単体透過率(Ts)が所望の値となるように濃度を調整しながら60秒間浸漬させた(染色処理)。
次いで、液温40℃の架橋浴(水100重量部に対して、ヨウ化カリウムを3重量部配合し、ホウ酸を5重量部配合して得られたホウ酸水溶液)に30秒間浸漬させた(架橋処理)。
その後、積層体を、液温70℃のホウ酸水溶液(ホウ酸濃度4重量%、ヨウ化カリウム濃度5重量%)に浸漬させながら、周速の異なるロール間で縦方向(長手方向)に総延伸倍率が5.5倍となるように一軸延伸を行った(水中延伸処理)。
その後、積層体を液温20℃の洗浄浴(水100重量部に対して、ヨウ化カリウムを4重量部配合して得られた水溶液)に浸漬させた(洗浄処理)。
その後、約90℃に保たれたオーブン中で乾燥しながら、表面温度が約75℃に保たれたSUS製の加熱ロールに接触させた(乾燥収縮処理)。乾燥収縮処理による積層体の幅方向の収縮率は5.2%であった。
このようにして、樹脂基材上に厚み約5μmの吸収型偏光膜を形成した。
得られた吸収型偏光膜の表面(樹脂基材とは反対側の面)に、保護層としてのシクロオレフィン系樹脂フィルム(厚み:25μm)を、紫外線硬化型接着剤を介して貼り合せた。具体的には、硬化型接着剤の総厚みが約1μmになるように塗工し、ロール機を使用して貼り合わせた。その後、UV光線をシクロオレフィン系樹脂フィルム側から照射して接着剤を硬化させた。次いで、樹脂基材を剥離した。
これによって、シクロオレフィン系樹脂フィルム/吸収型偏光膜の構成を有する偏光フィルムを得た。偏光フィルムの単体透過率(Ts)は43.4%であり、偏光度は99.993%であった。
λ/4部材1およびλ/4部材2として、製造例1-1で得た位相差フィルム1を2枚準備し、これらを重ね合わせ、さらに、製造例2で得た偏光フィルムを重ねて積層体1および積層体2を得た。積層体1は、偏光フィルム、λ/4部材1、λ/4部材2の順で重ね合わせた積層体であり、積層体2は、λ/4部材1、λ/4部材2、偏光フィルムの順で重ね合わせた積層体である。
隣り合うフィルムは、アクリル系粘着剤層(日東電工社製、厚み5μm)を介して重ね合わせた。重ね合せにおいて、各位相差フィルムの遅相軸と偏光フィルムの吸収軸との関係は、積層体をλ/4部材2よりもλ/4部材1側から見たときの偏光フィルムの吸収軸方向を基準(0°)とした場合、λ/4部材1の遅相軸方向の角度は-45°とし、λ/4部材2の遅相軸方向の角度は+45°とした。ここで、「+」は時計回りを意味し、「-」は反時計回りを意味する。
λ/4部材1およびλ/4部材2として、それぞれ、製造例1-1で得た位相差フィルム1のかわりに、製造例1-2で得た位相差フィルム2を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、積層体を得た。
λ/4部材2の遅相軸方向の角度を+45°から+49°に変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、積層体を得た。
λ/4部材2として、製造例1-1で得た位相差フィルム1のかわりに、製造例1-2で得た位相差フィルム2を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、積層体を得た。
λ/4部材2の遅相軸方向の角度を+45°から+53°に変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、積層体を得た。
各実施例および各比較例について、下記の評価を行った。評価結果を表2にまとめる。
1.楕円率
各実施例および各比較例の積層体1の楕円率を測定した。具体的には、ミュラーマトリクス・ポラリメーター(Axometrics社製、製品名「Axoscan」)を用いて、23℃において、波長550nmの光を積層体1の偏光フィルム側から入射させ、楕円率を測定した。
2.直交透過率Tc
各実施例および各比較例の積層体2の直交透過率を測定した。具体的には、分光光度計(大塚電子社製、「LPF-200」)を用いて、積層体2のλ/4部材1側から、偏光方向が偏光フィルムの吸収軸方向と平行である直線偏光を入射させ、直交透過率Tcを測定した。なお、Tcは、JIS Z8701の2度視野(C光源)により測定して視感度補正を行なったY値である。
12 表示素子
14 反射部
14a 反射型偏光部材
16 第一レンズ部
18 ハーフミラー
20 第一位相差部材
22 第二位相差部材
24 第二レンズ部
Claims (14)
- ユーザに対して画像を表示する表示システムであって、
偏光部材を介して画像を表す光を前方に出射する表示面を有する表示素子と、
前記表示素子の前方に配置され、反射型偏光部材を含み、前記表示素子から出射された光を反射する反射部と、
前記表示素子と前記反射部との間の光路上に配置される第一レンズ部と、
前記表示素子と前記第一レンズ部との間に配置され、前記表示素子から出射された光を透過させ、前記反射部で反射された光を前記反射部に向けて反射させるハーフミラーと、
前記表示素子と前記ハーフミラーとの間の光路上に配置される第1のλ/4部材と、
前記ハーフミラーと前記反射部との間の光路上に配置される第2のλ/4部材と、を備え、
前記反射部で反射させる偏光の楕円率は0.01以下である、
表示システム。 - 前記第1のλ/4部材と前記第2のλ/4部材との間には空間が形成されている、請求項1に記載の表示システム。
- 前記表示素子と前記第1のλ/4部材とは一体である、請求項1に記載の表示システム。
- 前記第一レンズ部と前記第2のλ/4部材とは一体である、請求項1に記載の表示システム。
- 前記第1のλ/4部材の面内位相差(a)と前記第2のλ/4部材の面内位相差(b)との差の絶対値は3.5nm以下である、請求項1に記載の表示システム。
- 前記第1のλ/4部材の遅相軸と前記第2のλ/4部材の遅相軸とのなす角度が7°以下または83°~97°となるように配置されている、請求項1に記載の表示システム。
- 前記第1のλ/4部材および前記第2のλ/4部材のISC値は、それぞれ、50以下である、請求項1に記載の表示システム。
- 前記第1のλ/4部材および前記第2のλ/4部材の厚みは、それぞれ、100μm以下である、請求項1に記載の表示システム。
- 前記第1のλ/4部材および前記第2のλ/4部材の厚みのばらつきは、それぞれ、1μm以下である、請求項1に記載の表示システム。
- 前記第1のλ/4部材および前記第2のλ/4部材の単位厚みあたりのISC値は、それぞれ、1以下である、請求項1に記載の表示システム。
- 前記表示素子に含まれる前記偏光部材の吸収軸と前記第1のλ/4部材の遅相軸とのなす角度は40°~50°であり、
前記表示素子に含まれる前記偏光部材の吸収軸と前記第2のλ/4部材の遅相軸とのなす角度は40°~50°である、請求項1に記載の表示システム。 - 請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の表示システムを具備する表示体。
- 請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の表示システムを具備する表示体の製造方法。
- 偏光部材を介して出射された画像を表す光を、第1のλ/4部材を通過させるステップと、
前記第1のλ/4部材を通過した光を、ハーフミラーおよび第一レンズ部を通過させるステップと、
前記ハーフミラーおよび前記第一レンズ部を通過した光を、第2のλ/4部材を通過させるステップと、
前記第2のλ/4部材を通過した光を、反射型偏光部材を含む反射部で前記ハーフミラーに向けて反射させるステップと、
前記反射部および前記ハーフミラーで反射させた光を、前記第2のλ/4部材により前記反射部を透過可能にするステップと、を有し、
前記反射部で反射させる偏光の楕円率は0.01以下である、
表示方法。
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| US20180101020A1 (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2018-04-12 | Oculus Vr, Llc | Head mounted display including pancake lens block |
| WO2020175217A1 (ja) * | 2019-02-28 | 2020-09-03 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | 樹脂フィルムの製造方法、並びに、位相差フィルム及びその製造方法 |
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