WO2023170353A1 - Micro-bolometre d'imagerie infrarouge - Google Patents
Micro-bolometre d'imagerie infrarouge Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023170353A1 WO2023170353A1 PCT/FR2023/050243 FR2023050243W WO2023170353A1 WO 2023170353 A1 WO2023170353 A1 WO 2023170353A1 FR 2023050243 W FR2023050243 W FR 2023050243W WO 2023170353 A1 WO2023170353 A1 WO 2023170353A1
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- Prior art keywords
- support arms
- layer
- encapsulation layer
- silicon
- electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N15/00—Thermoelectric devices without a junction of dissimilar materials; Thermomagnetic devices, e.g. using the Nernst-Ettingshausen effect
- H10N15/10—Thermoelectric devices using thermal change of the dielectric constant, e.g. working above and below the Curie point
- H10N15/15—Thermoelectric active materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/02—Constructional details
- G01J5/0225—Shape of the cavity itself or of elements contained in or suspended over the cavity
- G01J5/023—Particular leg structure or construction or shape; Nanotubes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/02—Constructional details
- G01J5/08—Optical arrangements
- G01J5/0853—Optical arrangements having infrared absorbers other than the usual absorber layers deposited on infrared detectors like bolometers, wherein the heat propagation between the absorber and the detecting element occurs within a solid
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/10—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry using electric radiation detectors
- G01J5/20—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry using electric radiation detectors using resistors, thermistors or semiconductors sensitive to radiation, e.g. photoconductive devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J2005/0077—Imaging
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of detection of electromagnetic radiation and, more precisely, to the detection of infrared radiation.
- an infrared imaging micro-bolometer having high sensitivity.
- detectors traditionally use the variation of a physical quantity of a material or assembly of appropriate materials as a function of temperature, around 300K.
- this physical quantity is the electrical resistivity, but other quantities can be used, such as the dielectric constant, polarization, thermal expansion, refractive index, etc.
- Such an uncooled detector generally combines: means of absorbing thermal radiation and converting it into heat; thermal insulation means of the detector, so as to allow it to heat up under the action of thermal radiation; thermometry means which, in the context of a micro-bolometric detector, use a resistive element whose resistance varies with the temperature; and means for reading the electrical signals provided by the thermometry means.
- Detectors intended for thermal or infrared imaging are conventionally produced in the form of a matrix of elementary detectors, forming image points or pixels, in one or two dimensions. To guarantee the thermal insulation of the detectors, they are suspended above a substrate via support arms.
- the substrate usually comprises means for sequentially addressing the elementary detectors and means for electrical excitation and pre-processing of the electrical signals generated from these elementary detectors.
- This substrate and the integrated means are commonly referred to as “reading circuit”.
- this scene is captured through optics adapted to the matrix of elementary detectors, and clocked electrical stimuli are applied via the reading circuit to each of the elementary detectors, or at each row of such detectors, in order to obtain an electrical signal constituting the image of the temperature reached by each of said elementary detectors.
- This signal is processed in a more or less elaborate manner by the reading circuit, then possibly by an electronic device external to the housing in order to generate the thermal image of the observed scene.
- an elementary detector consists of a membrane held in fixed suspension above the substrate by the support arms.
- the membrane integrates a thermo-resistive material which transduces infrared radiation, forming the thermometry means.
- thermo-resistive material The measurement of the electrical resistance of the thermo-resistive material is carried out by two electrodes, for example metallic, extending under the thermometric material and in the support arms.
- the electrodes can also have the function of absorbing at least part of the infrared flux to transform it into heat and transmit it to the thermo-resistive material.
- the quantity of infrared radiation absorbed depends on the surface area of this absorber.
- Elementary detectors are conventionally formed on a silicon substrate which includes the reading circuit. Using metal or dielectric layer deposition processes, photolithographic processes and microelectronics etching processes, a sacrificial layer is produced on the substrate, then a membrane sensitive to infrared radiation is produced on this sacrificial layer while by structuring this membrane so as to ensure electrical continuity between it and the reading circuit.
- the sacrificial layer is made of polyimide or silicon oxide because these materials can be etched using an isotropic process making it possible to remove said sacrificial layer under the membrane and leave this membrane in a suspended state. above the substrate.
- This property is necessary for the operation of elementary detectors.
- the etching processes conventionally implemented are plasma processes based on dioxygen or etching processes based on hydrofluoric acid, respectively dedicated to the removal of a sacrificial layer of polyimide or silicon oxide.
- the membrane is made using at least one thermoresistive material generally obtained by a deposit formed of an alloy of silicon and germanium, or a deposit composed of vanadium oxide.
- This layer can also include elements such as nitrogen, boron, carbon. ..
- To structure the membrane other materials are necessary, and this membrane is therefore the result of a stack comprising the thermoresistive material, enhanced with one or more dielectric materials and electrodes produced by a metal deposition.
- This stack is structured into several deposition, photolithographic, and etching sequences in order to produce the elementary detector, also called a micro-bolometer.
- Figures 1a to 1 illustrate a process for producing a micro-bolometer 100 of the state of the art, such as for example described in document EP 3 182 081.
- a first step, illustrated in Figure la, consists of depositing and structuring a sacrificial layer 12 and a support layer 13 on a substrate 11 integrating the reading circuit.
- the structuring of these two layers 12, 13 makes it possible to obtain openings in which anchor nails 14 can be formed.
- the formation of the anchor nails 14 in the openings aims to obtain a conductive pad extending at least to the level of the upper face of the support layer 13.
- At least two electrodes 16 are then deposited and structured on the support layer 13 and on the upper part of the anchor nail 14.
- the support layer 13 on which the electrodes 16 are deposited has a low electrical resistivity, it is necessary to distance the ends 37 of the electrodes 16 by a distance dl, in order to limit the leakage currents between said electrodes 16.
- This distance dl can represent approximately 50% of the pixel pitch, that is to say 50% of the distance between anchor nails 14.
- thermo-resistive material 18 is then deposited on the support layer 13 and on the electrodes 16 so as to ensure electrical continuity between said electrodes 16.
- An engraving of this thermo-resistive material 18 makes it possible to delimit its location in the center of the microphone -bolometer 100, that is to say in the zone intended to form the membrane 20 thereof, as illustrated in Figure Id.
- thermo-resistive material 18 is conventionally carried out by reactive ion etching, also called RIE etching for “Reactive-Ion Etching” in the Anglo-Saxon literature, by stopping the etching on the two electrodes 16.
- This etching step constitutes a technical difficulty because the two electrodes 16 are often particularly thin, with a thickness typically less than 20 nanometers.
- the RIE etching implemented to delimit the location of the thermoresistive material 18 risks, if it is not perfectly calibrated, damaging the electrodes 16 and reducing the performance of the micro-bolometer 100.
- an upper encapsulation layer 190 is then deposited on the electrodes 16 and on the thermo-resistive material 18.
- thermo-resistive material 18 made of vanadium oxide.
- vanadium oxide is sensitive to hydrofluoric acid conventionally used during the step of removing a sacrificial layer 12 made of silicon dioxide.
- thermo-resistive material 18 it is often necessary to protect the thermo-resistive material 18, at least so that the step of removing the sacrificial layer does not damage said material.
- the upper encapsulation layer 190 is conventionally deposited to encapsulate the thermo-resistive material 18.
- This upper encapsulation layer 190 also has the function of encapsulating the electrodes 16 in order to ensure the mechanical strength of the membrane 20 as a function of the desired application, that is to say as a function of the shock resistance. sought after by the micro-bolometer 100.
- the electrodes 16 preferably perform the function of absorber of infrared radiation.
- another absorber material can also be deposited on the upper encapsulation layer 190, above the membrane, as described for example in document EP 3 870 945.
- the deposition of such an absorber material requires depositing the upper encapsulation layer 190 in two stages, before and after the deposition of said absorber material, in order to prevent the latter from being deposited directly on the thermometric material 18 and in order to to protect it from the etching of the sacrificial layer 12.
- this upper encapsulation layer 190 After the complete deposition of this upper encapsulation layer 190, in one or two steps, the layers 13, 16 and 190 are then etched according to the desired pattern to form the support arms 21 of the membrane 20.
- step If illustrates the removal of the sacrificial layer 12, thus releasing the membrane 20 suspended on the anchoring nails 14 via the support arms 21.
- thermometric material 18 and the possible absorber material are protected from the etching of the sacrificial layer 12 by the support layer 13 and the upper encapsulation layer 190.
- These layers 13 and 190 are therefore selected to resist the etching process implemented to obtain the removal of the sacrificial layer 12, for example etching based on dioxygen or based on hydrofluoric acid, while the thermometric material 18 and the possible absorber material can be selected respectively for their thermal-electrical transduction and infrared radiation capture performances.
- the engraving also attacks the side walls of the support arms 21, so that the electrodes 16 and all the materials possibly integrated in the support arm 21, between layers 13 and 190, must also resist the etching of the sacrificial layer 12.
- This constraint greatly limits the possibilities of forming the support arms 21 and, in certain cases, it is not possible to use the most efficient materials in terms of electrical resistivity, thermal resistance and/or mechanical resistance to form said support arms 21 due to this constraint of resistance to etching of the sacrificial layer 12, in particular when the latter is made of silicon oxide and the etching uses hydrofluoric acid.
- the technical problem that the invention intends to solve consists of obtaining an infrared imaging microbolometer in which the materials integrated in the support arms are protected from the etching of the sacrificial layer based on hydrofluoric acid so as to be able to use materials with higher performance in terms of electrical resistivity, thermal resistance and/or mechanical resistance to form the support arms, thus improving the performance of the micro-bolometer.
- the invention proposes to form the support arms with a lateral encapsulation layer of the support arms resistant to etching of the sacrificial layer, that is to say resistance to etching based of hydrofluoric acid, so as to protect the materials integrated into the support arms.
- the invention relates to an infrared imaging micro-bolometer integrating a membrane mounted in suspension above a substrate by means of support arms fixed on anchoring nails, the micro-bolometer comprising:
- thermo-resistive material placed within the membrane in electrical contact with the electrodes
- the micro-bolometer also comprises a lateral encapsulation layer of the support arms arranged in contact with the lateral edges of said support arms, said lateral encapsulation layer being resistant to etching based on hydrofluoric acid, so as to form, with the support layer and the upper encapsulation layer of the support arms, a hermetic encapsulation for etching based on hydrofluoric acid.
- “hermetic encapsulation” indicates that the support arms are protected from etching based on hydrofluoric acid by means of the combination of the lateral encapsulation layer, the support layer and the upper encapsulation layer of the support arms.
- the invention makes it possible to use high-performance materials in terms of electrical resistivity, thermal resistance and/or mechanical resistance inside the support arms.
- the material constituting the electrodes can be sensitive to the removal of the sacrificial layer without risking being damaged by the step of removing said sacrificial layer.
- these two resistive layers are continuous with each other between the ends of the electrodes present within the membrane so as to form an insulating barrier between said ends.
- this embodiment makes it possible to obtain a large capture surface without using an absorber material deposited on the thermometric material.
- the micro-bolometer also includes:
- a “resistive” layer corresponds to a layer having an electrical resistivity at least 10,000 times greater than that of the thermo-resistive material.
- the thermo-resistive material can be made of an amorphous alloy rich in silicon, vanadium oxide, titanium oxide or nickel oxide.
- the thermo-resistive material can have an electrical resistivity of between 0.1 and 100 Ohm.cm.
- the lower and upper resistive layers can have an electrical resistivity greater than 10 4 Ohm.cm.
- the electrical resistivity of the resistive layers mainly aims to avoid leakage currents likely to occur between the ends of the electrodes extending within the membrane.
- the electrical resistivity can be sought as a function of the desired proximity of implantation of the electrodes.
- the lower and upper resistive layers can also be sized, in terms of thickness or constituent material, to meet the thermal resistance and mechanical resistance needs of the support arms.
- the lower and upper resistive layers can be made of hafnium dioxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, boron nitride, aluminum nitride, carbide of silicon, silicon carbonitride, silicon boride, silicon oxyboride, silicon boronitride, silicon borocarbon, or silicon oxycarbide.
- the “height” of the microbolometer corresponds to the dimension perpendicular to the plane of the substrate on which the microbolometer is fixed.
- the support layer forms a “lower” encapsulation layer of the membrane and the support arms; it corresponds to the layer closest to the substrate and it extends in a lower plane of the membrane and the support arms, parallel to the plane of the substrate.
- the “upper” encapsulation layer corresponds to the encapsulation layer furthest from the substrate, and it extends in an upper plane of the membrane and the support arms, also parallel to the plane of the substrate. .
- the invention may use several different top encapsulation layers: a top encapsulation layer for the membrane and a top encapsulation layer for the support arms.
- the “lower” resistive layer corresponds to the layer placed in contact with the electrodes closest to the substrate
- the “upper” resistive layer corresponds to the layer placed in contact with the electrodes furthest from the substrate.
- the “lateral” encapsulation layer of the support arms corresponds to the thickness of material present on the lateral periphery of the support arms, between the support layer and the upper encapsulation layer of the support arms. The lateral encapsulation layer therefore extends in a plane perpendicular to the planes of the lower encapsulation layer and the upper encapsulation layer of the support arms.
- the upper encapsulation layer of the support arms and the side encapsulation layer are of distinct natures or thicknesses.
- the upper encapsulation layer of the support arms can be made of boron nitride, alumina, silicon carbide or aluminum nitride.
- the lateral encapsulation layer can be made of an amorphous alloy rich in silicon or boron, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, silicon carbide or boron carbide.
- the side encapsulation layer may contain at least 25% silicon, potentially alloyed with nitrogen, boron, carbon or hydrogen.
- the upper encapsulation layer of the support arms and the side encapsulation layer of the support arms are made of the same material, typically an amorphous alloy rich in silicon or boron, aluminum oxide, nitride d aluminum, silicon carbide or boron carbide.
- Boron nitride, alumina, aluminum nitride, silicon carbide as well as an amorphous alloy rich in silicon have the property of resisting etching based on hydrofluoric acid (HF) conventionally used to remove a sacrificial layer made of silicon oxide (SiOx).
- HF hydrofluoric acid
- the lateral encapsulation layer of the support arms a dimension parallel to said plane of the substrate; this latter thickness is typically measured at the base of the lateral encapsulation layer.
- the lateral encapsulation layer of the support arms may have a lug projecting relative to the upper encapsulation layer of the support arms by at least 10 nanometers. This characteristic shape can result from the production of the lateral encapsulation layer independently of the upper encapsulation layer of the support arms.
- Figures 1 a- 1 f illustrate the stages of producing a state-of-the-art micro-bolometer
- FIG. 2a is a schematic sectional view of a micro-bolometer according to a first embodiment of the invention
- Figure 2b is a partial enlargement of the schematic sectional view of Figure 2a;
- Figure 3 is a schematic sectional view of a micro-bolometer according to a second embodiment of the invention
- Figure 4 is a schematic sectional view of a micro-bolometer according to a third embodiment of the invention
- Figure 5 is a schematic sectional view of a micro-bolometer according to a fourth embodiment of the invention
- Figure 6 is a schematic sectional view of a micro-bolometer according to a fifth embodiment of the invention
- Figure 7 is a schematic sectional view of a micro-bolometer according to a sixth embodiment of the invention
- Figure 8 is a schematic sectional view of a micro-bolometer according to a seventh embodiment of the invention.
- the invention aims at a micro-bolometer 10a comprising a membrane 20 mounted in suspension on a substrate 11.
- the substrate 11 conventionally integrates a reading circuit, that is to say a set of components allowing in particular the polarization, addressing and measurement of the resistance of the membrane 20 of the micro-bolometer 10a. More precisely, the reading circuit measures the resistance of a thermo-resistive material 18 encapsulated in the membrane 20.
- thermo-resistive material 18 is electrically connected to the reading circuit by electrodes 16 and anchoring nails 14.
- the membrane 20 has the function of carrying out thermal/resistive transduction of infrared radiation.
- this membrane 20 is mounted in suspension on the anchoring nails 14 via support arms 21.
- the anchoring nails 14 extend perpendicular to to the substrate 11, and the support arms and the membrane 20 extend in a plane parallel to the plane of the substrate 11.
- micro-bolometers suspended between two anchoring nails 14 and micro-bolometers micro-bolometers suspended between four anchoring nails 14.
- these anchoring nails 14 can be made of a metallic material, such as titanium nitride, copper, tungsten or aluminum. They can have a cylindrical cross section with a diameter close to 500 nanometers.
- a support layer 13 forms the lower layer of the membrane 20 and the support arms 21.
- This support layer 13 can, for example, be produced in one amorphous alloy rich in silicon, silicon carbide, alumina or aluminum nitride, and have a thickness of between 10 and 100 nanometers.
- a lower resistive layer 34 is arranged between the support layer 13 and the electrodes 16.
- This lower resistive layer 34 can be made of hafnium dioxide, of silicon nitride, of silicon oxide, of hafnium oxynitride silicon, boron nitride, aluminum nitride, silicon carbide, silicon carbonitride, silicon boride, silicon oxyboride, silicon boronitride, silicon borocarbon, or silicon oxycarbide.
- the support layer 13 and the lower resistive layer 34 are crossed by the anchor nails 14.
- the electrodes 16 are fixed on the lower resistive layer 34 and on the upper end of the anchor nails 14, so as to ensure electrical contact with these anchoring nails 14.
- These electrodes 16 can be made of titanium nitride with a thickness between 5 and 20 nanometers.
- these electrodes 16 are structured in the central part of the membrane 20 so that the measurement of the electrical resistance between two electrodes 16 makes it possible to measure the electrical resistance of the thermo-resistive material 18.
- the ends 37 of the electrodes 16 can be very close to each other.
- said ends 37 can be separated by a distance d2, less than 500 nanometers, typically between 200 nanometers and 1 micrometer. It should be noted that a variation in the topology of the layers deposited on the electrodes 16 may appear due to this distance d2, in a manner analogous to the variation in topology illustrated in Figure If. However, taking into account the small distance d2 compared to the distance dl in Figure If and the small thickness of the electrodes 16, this topology can be negligible so that this topology variation is not represented in Figures 2 to 8 .
- the material constituting the electrodes 16 can be selected solely to meet the constraints of electrical resistivity, thermal conductivity or capture of infrared radiation, independent of the constraints of resistance to removal of the sacrificial layer.
- the electrodes 16 in titanium in metallic form, or even in copper, chromium, cobalt or aluminum.
- an upper resistive layer 35 is placed between the electrodes 16 and an upper encapsulation layer 15 of the support arms.
- This upper resistive layer 35 is preferably made of the same material as the lower resistive layer 34, and it extends between the ends 37 of the electrodes 16 so as to form an insulating barrier 36 between the electrodes 16.
- the upper resistive layer 35 preferably has a thickness e2 equivalent to the thickness e2 of the lower resistive layer 34.
- the upper encapsulation layer 15 of the support arms can be made of an amorphous alloy rich in silicon, potentially alloyed with nitrogen, boron, carbon or hydrogen, with a thickness ei equal to the thickness of the support layer 13, these two layers forming the encapsulation layers of the support arms 21.
- resistive layers 34-35 made of hafnium dioxide can be used because this material has a low thermal conductivity, of the order of 0.35 W/(mK) and a significant mechanical resistance, i.e. say a Young's modulus close to 150 GPa.
- the effective thermal conductivity of the support arms 21 can typically be of the order of three times lower for a thickness e2 of 20 nanometers of each resistive layer 34-35, compared to a zero thickness e2.
- the integration of the resistive layers 34-35 therefore makes it possible to significantly reduce the thermal conductivity of the support arms 21.
- the resistive layers 34-35, the electrodes 16 and the upper encapsulation layer of the support arms 15, and the support arms 21 can also include a stopping layer 30 deposited on the layer d upper encapsulation 15 of the support arms.
- This barrier layer 30 can, for example, be made of boron nitride or aluminum nitride, and have a thickness of between 5 and 100 nanometers.
- this stopping layer 30 can be supplemented or replaced by a layer of alumina and/or a layer of silicon carbide with a thickness of between 10 and 100 nanometers.
- this stopping layer 30 is present on the upper encapsulation layer 15 of the support arms, limited to the level of the membrane 20.
- the thermo-resistive material 18 is deposited on the stopping layer 30 and on the electrodes 16 passing through openings 17 provided through the upper resistive layer 35, the upper encapsulation layer 15 of the support arms and the stopping layer 30.
- the thermo-resistive material 18 is made of vanadium oxide deposited with a thickness of between 10 and 200 nanometers.
- the embodiment of Figure 5 illustrates a micro-bolometer lOd produced in a manner similar to that of Figure 2a but without the resistive layers 34 and 35.
- the microbolometer 10g presents a thermo-resistive material 18 deposited on the electrodes 16 in a manner analogous to the state of the art.
- the electrodes 16 of Figure 8 are also encapsulated between a support layer 13 and an upper encapsulation layer 15 of the support arms and the thermo-resistive material 18.
- the micro-bolometer 10g also has a lateral encapsulation layer 33 of the support arms 21 arranged in contact with the lateral edges of said support arms 21.
- This embodiment makes it possible to use any material for the electrode 16, in particular materials of very low thermal conductivity but not compatible with the release based on fluoridric acid. Depending on the gain on this parameter, as well as the respective volumes of the materials, the gain can be significant despite the addition of the lateral encapsulation 33.
- the micro-bolometer 10b comprises a thermo-resistive material 18 deposited on the barrier layer 30 and on conductive vias 40 formed in the openings 17.
- the conductive vias 40 are made of tungsten or tungsten silicide.
- the thickness of the conductive vias 40 is between 100 and 300 nanometers.
- the thickness of deposition of the conductive vias 40 is preferably greater than half the width of the openings 17.
- the filling of the openings 17 can also be obtained by the deposition of a thin layer of nitride titanium, deposited by chemical vapor deposition, followed by CVD or PVD deposition of tungsten or tungsten silicide.
- a layer of titanium nitride with a thickness of between 10 and 50 nanometers can be used to form the external walls of the conductive vias 40.
- Figure 6 illustrates a micro-bolometer 10e produced in a manner similar to that of Figure 3 but without the resistive layers 34 and 35.
- the micro-bolometer 10c comprises a thermo-resistive material 18 deposited on a stopping layer 30 etched in the center of the membrane 20 and limited only to the level of the lateral edges of the latter.
- the thermo-resistive material 18 is deposited on the support layer 13 and on silicidation zones 41 formed in the upper encapsulation layer 15 of the support arms, when the latter incorporates silicon.
- a metallic material 42 can be implanted locally in the upper resistive layer 35.
- These silicidation zones 41 can be obtained by incorporating a metallic silicidation material into a dielectric layer or by localized implantation.
- the upper encapsulation layer 15 of the support arms can be made of an amorphous alloy rich in silicon or boron, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, silicon carbide or boron carbide.
- the metallic silicide material can be made of nickel or cobalt and possibly added with platinum, so as to form nickel silicide.
- a sacrificial layer can be deposited on the upper encapsulation layer 15 of the support arms, and openings can be structured in this sacrificial layer until reaching said layer of upper encapsulation 15 of the support arms.
- the metallic silicidation material can then be deposited on the sacrificial layer and in the openings.
- the metallic silicidation material can be deposited with a thickness between 5 and 50 nanometers.
- the incorporation of the metallic silicidation material in the upper encapsulation layer 15 of the support arms and in the upper resistive layer 35 can then be carried out by a diffusion step obtained by thermal annealing, with a temperature between 100°C and 200°C for a period of at least 30 seconds.
- This thermal annealing makes it possible to obtain silicidation zones 41 in which at least part of the atoms of the metallic silicidation material are present.
- Figure 7 illustrates an lOf micro-bolometer produced in a manner similar to that of Figure 4 but without the resistive layers 34 and 35.
- thermo-resistive material 18 is deposited in electrical contact with the electrodes 16.
- the upper face of the thermo-resistive material 18 is protected by an upper encapsulation layer 19 of the membrane, which may be different from the upper encapsulation layer 15 of the support arms.
- This upper encapsulation layer 19 of the membrane can consist of a barrier layer, for example made of boron nitride or aluminum nitride with a thickness of between 10 and 100 nanometers.
- this upper encapsulation layer 19 of the membrane can consist of an amorphous alloy layer rich in silicon with a thickness of between 10 and 100 nanometers.
- thermo-resistive material 18 and the support arms 21 are also laterally protected by a lateral encapsulation layer 33.
- This lateral encapsulation layer 33 may consist of an amorphous alloy layer rich in silicon with a thickness of between 5 and 50 nanometers.
- the lateral encapsulation layer 33 can be very thin so as to ensure very good airtightness for etching based on hydrofluoric acid while guaranteeing the addition of a minimum of material so as not to degrade the thermal insulation of the material.
- the upper encapsulation layer 15 of the support arms, the lateral encapsulation layer 33 and the upper encapsulation layer 19 of the membrane are produced by at least two distinct deposits, so that the thickness and/or or the nature of these layers differ between these layers.
- the thickness ei of the upper encapsulation layer 15 of the support arms is different from the thickness es of the lateral encapsulation layer 33.
- the lateral encapsulation layer 33 extending in a plane perpendicular to the planes of the support layer 13 and the upper encapsulation layer 15 of the support arms, the thickness is of said lateral encapsulation layer 33 corresponds to the thickness of material present around the support arms 21.
- the method of producing this lateral encapsulation layer 33 can induce the formation of a lug 50 projecting relative to the layer upper encapsulation 15 of the support arms with a height h of at least 10 nanometers.
- These micro-bolometers 10a-10g can be produced by methods using sacrificial layers, in particular the methods disclosed in documents FR 3 098 904 and WO 2018/122382.
- the invention proposes to produce support arms 21 having a lateral encapsulation layer 33 making it possible to limit the constraints of selection of the materials integrated in the support arms 21. It is now possible to use materials more efficient in terms of electrical resistivity, thermal resistance and/or mechanical resistance to form the support arms.
- the invention thus makes it possible to obtain a 10a-10g micro-bolometer with improved performance.
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23708861.2A EP4490478A1 (fr) | 2022-03-11 | 2023-02-21 | Micro-bolometre d'imagerie infrarouge |
| KR1020247030374A KR20240159909A (ko) | 2022-03-11 | 2023-02-21 | 적외선 이미징 마이크로볼로미터 |
| CA3250623A CA3250623A1 (fr) | 2022-03-11 | 2023-02-21 | Infrared imaging microbolometer |
| CN202380019148.7A CN118633015A (zh) | 2022-03-11 | 2023-02-21 | 红外成像微测辐射热计 |
| US18/832,275 US20250113735A1 (en) | 2022-03-11 | 2023-02-21 | Infrared imaging microbolometer |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2202135 | 2022-03-11 | ||
| FR2202135A FR3133447B1 (fr) | 2022-03-11 | 2022-03-11 | Micro-bolometre d’imagerie infrarouge |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2023170353A1 true WO2023170353A1 (fr) | 2023-09-14 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2023/050243 Ceased WO2023170353A1 (fr) | 2022-03-11 | 2023-02-21 | Micro-bolometre d'imagerie infrarouge |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250113735A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4490478A1 (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20240159909A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN118633015A (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA3250623A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3133447B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023170353A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3156195B1 (fr) * | 2023-12-04 | 2025-11-07 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Détecteur thermique comportant une membrane absorbante suspendue a isolation thermique améliorée |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001215151A (ja) * | 2000-01-31 | 2001-08-10 | Nec Corp | 熱型赤外線検出器およびその製造方法 |
| JP5738225B2 (ja) * | 2012-03-22 | 2015-06-17 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 熱型赤外線固体撮像素子およびその製造方法 |
| EP3182081A1 (fr) | 2015-12-15 | 2017-06-21 | Ulis | Dispositif de detection a membranes bolometriques suspendues a fort rendement d'absorption et rapport signal sur bruit |
| WO2018122382A1 (fr) | 2016-12-30 | 2018-07-05 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Detecteur de rayonnement electromagnetique et notamment de rayonnement infrarouge et procede pour sa realisation |
| FR3098904A1 (fr) | 2019-07-16 | 2021-01-22 | Lynred | Micro-bolometre a faible capacite thermique et procede de fabrication associe |
| US20210160439A1 (en) * | 2017-10-03 | 2021-05-27 | Sony Semiconductor Solutions Corporation | Imaging device |
| EP3870945A1 (fr) | 2018-10-24 | 2021-09-01 | Commissariat À L'Énergie Atomique Et Aux Énergies Alternatives | Procédé de fabrication d'un microbolomètre a matériau thermistance a base d'oxyde de vanadium présentant des performances améliorées |
| WO2022023664A1 (fr) * | 2020-07-29 | 2022-02-03 | Lynred | Micro-bolometre d'imagerie infrarouge et procedes de realisation associes |
-
2022
- 2022-03-11 FR FR2202135A patent/FR3133447B1/fr active Active
-
2023
- 2023-02-21 CN CN202380019148.7A patent/CN118633015A/zh active Pending
- 2023-02-21 CA CA3250623A patent/CA3250623A1/fr active Pending
- 2023-02-21 KR KR1020247030374A patent/KR20240159909A/ko active Pending
- 2023-02-21 WO PCT/FR2023/050243 patent/WO2023170353A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2023-02-21 US US18/832,275 patent/US20250113735A1/en active Pending
- 2023-02-21 EP EP23708861.2A patent/EP4490478A1/fr active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001215151A (ja) * | 2000-01-31 | 2001-08-10 | Nec Corp | 熱型赤外線検出器およびその製造方法 |
| JP5738225B2 (ja) * | 2012-03-22 | 2015-06-17 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 熱型赤外線固体撮像素子およびその製造方法 |
| EP3182081A1 (fr) | 2015-12-15 | 2017-06-21 | Ulis | Dispositif de detection a membranes bolometriques suspendues a fort rendement d'absorption et rapport signal sur bruit |
| WO2018122382A1 (fr) | 2016-12-30 | 2018-07-05 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Detecteur de rayonnement electromagnetique et notamment de rayonnement infrarouge et procede pour sa realisation |
| US20210160439A1 (en) * | 2017-10-03 | 2021-05-27 | Sony Semiconductor Solutions Corporation | Imaging device |
| EP3870945A1 (fr) | 2018-10-24 | 2021-09-01 | Commissariat À L'Énergie Atomique Et Aux Énergies Alternatives | Procédé de fabrication d'un microbolomètre a matériau thermistance a base d'oxyde de vanadium présentant des performances améliorées |
| FR3098904A1 (fr) | 2019-07-16 | 2021-01-22 | Lynred | Micro-bolometre a faible capacite thermique et procede de fabrication associe |
| WO2022023664A1 (fr) * | 2020-07-29 | 2022-02-03 | Lynred | Micro-bolometre d'imagerie infrarouge et procedes de realisation associes |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4490478A1 (fr) | 2025-01-15 |
| CA3250623A1 (fr) | 2023-09-14 |
| FR3133447A1 (fr) | 2023-09-15 |
| CN118633015A (zh) | 2024-09-10 |
| US20250113735A1 (en) | 2025-04-03 |
| KR20240159909A (ko) | 2024-11-07 |
| FR3133447B1 (fr) | 2024-04-12 |
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