WO2023166661A1 - 照明方法、照明装置、内視鏡システムおよび内視鏡 - Google Patents
照明方法、照明装置、内視鏡システムおよび内視鏡 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023166661A1 WO2023166661A1 PCT/JP2022/009133 JP2022009133W WO2023166661A1 WO 2023166661 A1 WO2023166661 A1 WO 2023166661A1 JP 2022009133 W JP2022009133 W JP 2022009133W WO 2023166661 A1 WO2023166661 A1 WO 2023166661A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/00163—Optical arrangements
- A61B1/00165—Optical arrangements with light-conductive means, e.g. fibre optics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/06—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements
- A61B1/07—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements using light-conductive means, e.g. optical fibres
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/00112—Connection or coupling means
- A61B1/00117—Optical cables in or with an endoscope
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/00163—Optical arrangements
- A61B1/00172—Optical arrangements with means for scanning
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/06—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements
- A61B1/063—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements for monochromatic or narrow-band illumination
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/06—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements
- A61B1/0638—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements providing two or more wavelengths
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
- G02B23/24—Instruments or systems for viewing the inside of hollow bodies, e.g. fibrescopes
- G02B23/2407—Optical details
- G02B23/2461—Illumination
- G02B23/2469—Illumination using optical fibres
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
- G02B26/10—Scanning systems
- G02B26/103—Scanning systems having movable or deformable optical fibres, light guides or waveguides as scanning elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/32—Systems for obtaining speckle elimination
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/06—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements
- A61B1/0661—Endoscope light sources
- A61B1/0669—Endoscope light sources at proximal end of an endoscope
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0005—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being of the fibre type
- G02B6/0006—Coupling light into the fibre
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an illumination method, an illumination device, an endoscope system, and an endoscope.
- laser light sources have been used in lighting devices (see Patent Documents 1 to 3, for example).
- Laser light sources have the advantages of high brightness and narrow bandwidth compared to other types of light sources such as lamp sources and LEDs. Specifically, since laser light is brighter than light from other light sources, it can illuminate the subject more brightly. Moreover, since the wavelength width of the laser light is 1 nm or less, special light observation such as NBI (narrow band light observation) is possible without using an optical filter such as a bandpass filter.
- NBI narrow band light observation
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose vibrating a midway position of an optical fiber that guides laser light by a piezoelectric body or airflow
- Patent Document 3 discloses a condensing optical system. and a collimating optic.
- the speckle reduction effect of the means described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 is limited, and a means capable of more strongly reducing speckle is desired.
- the means described in Patent Document 3 the light incident on the light diffusing section from the condensing optical system is irregularly reflected by the light diffusing section, and part of the irregularly reflected light is lost without being received by the collimating optical system. Therefore, the illuminance decreases with respect to the amount of light output from the light source.
- the present invention has been made in view of the circumstances described above, and provides a lighting method, a lighting device, an endoscope system, and an endoscope that can obtain a high speckle reduction effect without lowering the illuminance. intended to
- light having coherence from a light source is incident on a multimode propagation path from an incident surface, the light incident on the incident surface and the incident surface are relatively vibrated, and the light changing with time at least one of an incident position and an incident angle to the incident surface of , and irradiating an object with the light propagated through the propagation path.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a first light guide member that guides light having coherence from a light source, an entrance surface, an exit surface, and a multimode propagation path between the entrance surface and the exit surface.
- a second light guide member in which the light emitted from the tip of the first light guide member enters the propagation path from the incident surface; and the light incident on the incident surface and the incident surface and a vibration mechanism that relatively vibrates and changes at least one of an incident position and an incident angle of the light on the incident surface with time.
- Another aspect of the present invention includes a light source device and an endoscope connected to the light source device, wherein the light source device includes a light source and a first endoscope that guides coherent light from the light source.
- the light source device includes a light source and a first endoscope that guides coherent light from the light source.
- a light guide member and a vibration mechanism wherein the endoscope has an entrance surface, an exit surface, and a multimode propagation path between the entrance surface and the exit surface;
- a second light guide member is provided in which the light emitted from the tip of the member enters the propagation path from the incident surface, and the vibration mechanism relatively moves the light incident on the incident surface and the incident surface.
- the endoscope system is vibrated to change at least one of an incident position and an incident angle of the light on the incident surface with time.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a first light guide member that guides light having coherence from a light source, an entrance surface, an exit surface, and a multimode propagation path between the entrance surface and the exit surface.
- a second light guide member in which the light emitted from the tip of the first light guide member is incident on the propagation path from the incident surface; and the light incident on the incident surface and the incident surface a vibration mechanism that relatively vibrates and changes at least one of the incident position and the incident angle of the light on the incident surface with time; and an object illuminated by the light emitted from the emitting surface of the second light guide member.
- An endoscope comprising an imaging unit configured to capture an image of
- FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a lighting device according to a first embodiment;
- FIG. It is a figure explaining the light which injects into the entrance plane of a 2nd light guide member from the front-end
- FIG. 2 is an overall configuration diagram of a modified example of the lighting device in FIG. 1 ; 1. It is the whole block diagram of the other modification of the illuminating device of FIG. 1. It is the whole block diagram of the other modification of the illuminating device of FIG. 1. It is the whole block diagram of the other modification of the illuminating device of FIG. 1. It is the whole block diagram of the other modification of the illuminating device of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 11 is an overall configuration diagram of a lighting device according to a second embodiment
- FIG. 11 is an overall configuration diagram of one configuration example of an endoscope according to a third embodiment
- FIG. 11 is an overall configuration diagram of another configuration example of the endoscope according to the third embodiment
- FIG. 11 is an overall configuration diagram of an endoscope system according to a fourth embodiment
- FIG. 7B is an overall configuration diagram of a modification of the endoscope system of FIG. 7A
- 7B is a diagram showing a specific configuration example of the endoscope system of FIG. 7A
- the illumination device 1 includes a first light guide member 2 , a second light guide member 3 and a vibration mechanism 4 .
- the first light guide member 2 is a single-mode optical fiber, and the proximal end 2 a of the first light guide member 2 is connected to the light source 5 .
- the light source 5 is a laser light source that emits laser light L that is coherent light.
- the lighting device 1 may further include a light source 5 .
- the light L emitted from the light source 5 is guided through the optical fiber 2 from the proximal end 2a toward the distal end 2b, forms a point light source at the distal end 2b, and is emitted from the distal end 2b as divergent light.
- the second light guide member 3 is a multimode light guide, and includes an incident surface 3a provided at the base end, an exit surface 3b provided at the tip, and a multimode light guide between the entrance surface 3a and the exit surface 3b. and a propagation path 3c.
- the light guide 3 is a single multimode optical fiber, and the propagation path 3c is the core of the optical fiber.
- the light guide 3 may be composed of a plurality of multimode optical fibers.
- the incident surface 3a is arranged to face the tip 2b in the vicinity of the tip 2b, and the light L emitted from the tip 2b enters the propagation path 3c from the incident surface 3a.
- the light L incident on the propagation path 3c propagates along the propagation path 3c to the exit surface 3b, and is emitted toward the subject S from the exit surface 3b.
- An illumination lens for adjusting the light distribution may be arranged in front of the exit surface 3b.
- the vibration mechanism 4 is a mechanism for reducing speckles, and relatively vibrates the light L incident on the incident surface 3a and the incident surface 3a in the radial direction of the incident surface 3a.
- the vibration mechanism 4 includes an optical fiber scanner 4a that scans the light L emitted from the tip 2b of the optical fiber 2 by vibrating the tip 2b of the optical fiber 2 in the radial direction.
- the optical fiber scanner 4a may be of any type, such as a piezoelectric type using a piezoelectric element or an electromagnetic type using a permanent magnet and a coil.
- the optical fiber scanner 4a vibrates the tip 2b at a predetermined frequency.
- the predetermined frequency is 10 Hz or higher, preferably 200 Hz or higher, and more preferably 3 kHz or higher.
- the optical fiber scanner 4a may two-dimensionally scan the light L along a predetermined scanning trajectory.
- the scanning trajectory can be any two-dimensional shape, for example circle, ellipse, rectangle, spiral or raster.
- the scanning trajectory may be a one-dimensional shape.
- the vibration of the tip 2b causes the light L emitted from the tip 2b to vibrate in the radial direction of the incident surface 3a, and the incident position and incident angle of the light L on the incident surface 3a change continuously with time. Change. This results in a uniform and reduced speckle pattern, as will be described later.
- the vibration amplitude of the tip 2b, the core diameter of the optical fiber 2, and the The effective diameter of the incident surface 3a is designed. That is, the effective diameter of the incident surface 3a (the effective diameter of the light guide 3) is larger than the core diameter of the optical fiber 2.
- the vibration amplitude of the tip 2b is smaller than the effective diameter of the incident surface 3a, and the amplitude of the light L at the incident surface 3a is smaller than the effective diameter of the incident surface 3a.
- the amplitude of the light L at the entrance surface 3a is estimated as h+dNA.
- the amplitude of the light L should be less than or equal to D/2 of the effective radius of the incident surface 3a. Therefore, the vibration amplitude h of the tip 2b preferably satisfies the following formula (1).
- the vibration amplitude h of the tip 2b is too small, the speckle reduction effect becomes small, so the vibration amplitude h preferably satisfies the following formula (2). h ⁇ 0.1 D/2-dNA (2)
- the distance d between the tip 2b and the incident surface 3a is 50 ⁇ m
- the numerical aperture NA of the single-mode optical fiber forming the optical fiber 2 is 0.1
- the light guide 3 is formed.
- the core diameter (effective diameter) of the multimode optical fiber is 250 ⁇ m
- the one-sided vibration amplitude h of the tip 2b is 50 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 3 shows a lighting method according to this embodiment using the lighting device 1 .
- the illumination method includes step S1 in which coherent light L from a light source 5 is incident on a propagation path 3c from an incident surface 3a; A step S2 of relatively vibrating to change at least one of the incident position and the incident angle of the light L on the incident surface 3a with time, and a step S3 of irradiating the subject (target) S with the light L′ propagated through the propagation path 3c. and including.
- step S1 the light L emitted from the light source 5 passes through the optical fiber 2 and enters the propagation path 3c. Specifically, the light L enters the optical fiber 2 from the proximal end 2a, is guided by the optical fiber 2 from the proximal end 2a to the distal end 2b, is emitted from the distal end 2b as divergent light, and enters the propagation path 3c on the plane of incidence. Incident from 3a.
- Step S2 is executed in parallel with step S1.
- the tip 2b of the optical fiber 2 is vibrated by the vibrating mechanism 4, so that the incident position or incident angle of the light L on the incident surface 3a changes at high speed with time.
- step S3 the light L' propagated through the propagation path 3c is emitted toward the subject S from the emission surface 3b to illuminate the subject S. As shown in FIG.
- the light guide 3 has a multimode propagation path 3c, and divergent light L including rays of various angles enters the propagation path 3c from the incident surface 3a.
- rays included in the divergent light L propagate along the propagation path 3c while being reflected at different positions.
- illumination light L′ composed of a large number of light beams spatially multiplexed through different optical path lengths is emitted from the emission surface 3 b of the light guide 3 .
- the phase distribution of the illumination light L′ emitted from the exit surface 3b is temporally multiplexed by changing the incident position and the incident angle of the light L incident on the entrance surface 3a with time by the vibration mechanism 4. .
- the subject S is irradiated with the spatially and temporally multiplexed illumination light L′, and the speckle pattern is spatially and temporally uniformed.
- speckles can be reduced.
- the incident position and incident angle of the light L on the incident surface 3a are changed with time by the vibration of the tip 2b of the optical fiber 2.
- the state of the light L propagating through the propagation path 3c such as the position and angle, can be more dynamically changed over time. Thereby, a higher speckle reduction effect can be obtained.
- the effect of reducing speckle generally appears at 10 Hz or higher. This is related to the frame rate of common solid-state imaging devices.
- the vibration by the method described in Patent Document 1 is generally about 50 Hz
- the vibration by the method described in Patent Document 2 is generally about 100 Hz to 200 Hz.
- the optical fiber scanner 4a can easily achieve high-speed vibration of 200 Hz or higher. High-speed vibration exceeding 3 kHz can also be achieved by resonance vibration of the free end 2b. Therefore, a high speckle reduction effect can be easily realized.
- the present invention even if laser speckle appears conspicuously, for example, in a magnifying endoscope or a digital zoom display, it is considered impossible to prevent it by increasing the frequency of the optical fiber 2. Even the laser speckle that used to be there can be reduced.
- the light L can be propagated from the light source 5 to the exit surface 3b without loss. Therefore, the laser light L emitted from the light source 5 can be used to illuminate the object S with a high efficiency of approximately 100%, and the speckle pattern can be reduced without lowering the illuminance.
- the illumination device 1 is not limited to the configuration described above, and can be modified as appropriate.
- 4A to 4F show modifications of the lighting device 1.
- the first light guide member 2 is a multimode optical fiber.
- the light L from the light source 5 is further multiplexed. Thereby, speckles can be further reduced.
- the distance between the tip 2b and the entrance surface 3a is 50 ⁇ m.
- the multimode optical fiber constituting the optical fiber 2 has a core diameter of 50 ⁇ m, a clad diameter of 125 ⁇ m, and a numerical aperture of 0.22.
- the core diameter (effective diameter) is 500 ⁇ m
- the one-sided amplitude of the tip 2b is 100 ⁇ m.
- the illumination device 1 of FIG. 4B includes a relay optical system 6 between the first light guide member 2 and the second light guide member 3.
- the relay optical system 6 has one or more lenses, and converges the divergent light L emitted from the tip 2b onto the incident surface 3a.
- the relay optical system 6 may have mirrors instead of or in addition to the lenses.
- the degree of freedom in design such as the distance between the first light guide member 2 and the second light guide member 3 can be increased.
- the condensing angle of the light L by the relay optical system 6 the divergence angle of the illumination light L' emitted from the emission surface 3b can be increased.
- the connection efficiency of the light L between the tip 2b and the incident surface 3a is optimized by the relay optical system 6 to more reliably prevent the loss of the light L between the tip 2b and the incident surface 3a. can be done.
- the illumination device 1 of FIG. 4C is a modification of the illumination device 1 of FIG. 4B, and the vibration mechanism 4 includes an actuator 4b that vibrates the relay optical system 6 in a direction intersecting the optical axis in addition to the optical fiber scanner 4a.
- Actuator 4 b has, for example, a piezoelectric element, and vibrates at least one lens included in relay optical system 6 .
- the light L incident on the incident surface 3a is subjected to vibration by the relay optical system 6 in addition to the vibration by the vibration mechanism 4, so that speckle can be further reduced.
- the relay optical system 6 instead of vibrating both the tip 2b and the relay optical system 6, only the relay optical system 6 may be vibrated.
- the optical axis of the first light guide member 2 is inclined with respect to the optical axis of the second light guide member 3.
- the propagation mode of the second light guide member 3 can be optimized, and the intensity distribution of the illumination light L' on the exit surface 3b can be made uniform.
- the illumination device 1 of FIG. 4E further includes a diffusion member 7 arranged in front of the emission surface 3b of the second light guide member 3.
- the diffusion member 7 is fixed to the emission surface 3b and diffuses the illumination light L' emitted from the emission surface 3b.
- the speckle reduction effect can be further enhanced, and the intensity distribution of the illumination light L' illuminating the subject S can be made more uniform.
- the diffusion member 7 since the diffusion member 7 is arranged on the side closest to the subject S and does not move, the illuminance of the illumination light L' due to the diffusion member 7 hardly decreases.
- the vibrating mechanism 4 vibrates the incident surface 3a at the proximal end of the second light guiding member 3 in the radial direction of the incident surface 3a instead of the tip 2b of the first light guiding member 2.
- the vibration of the proximal end of the second light guide member 3 changes the incident position and incident angle of the light L on the incident surface 3a with time. This makes it possible to irradiate the object S with the spatially and temporally multiplexed illumination light L′ and reduce speckles, as in the case of vibrating the tip 2b.
- the vibrating second light guide member 3 is not mechanically connected to the light source 5, the influence of the vibration on the light source 5 can be eliminated.
- the vibrating mechanism 4 may vibrate both the tip 2b and the incident surface 3a. Thereby, speckles can be further reduced.
- the illumination device 10 differs from the first embodiment in that the vibrating mechanism 4 vibrates the tip of the light guide 3 .
- the configurations different from those of the first embodiment will be described, and configurations common to those of the first embodiment will be denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.
- the illumination device 10 includes a multimode light guide 3 and a vibration mechanism 4 .
- the lighting device 10 may further include a light source 5 .
- the light guide 3 is composed of one or more multimode optical fibers, as described in the first embodiment.
- An incident surface 3 a of the light guide 3 is connected to the light source 5 .
- Light L emitted from the light source 5 enters the propagation path 3c from the incident surface 3a, propagates along the propagation path 3c toward the emission surface 3b, and is emitted from the emission surface 3b as divergent light L'.
- the vibration mechanism 4 has an optical fiber scanner 4a as in the first embodiment.
- the optical fiber scanner 4a vibrates the tip of the light guide 3 provided with the emission surface 3b at a predetermined frequency in the radial direction of the light guide 3, so that the light L′ emitted from the emission surface 3b crosses the optical axis. vibrate in the direction
- the predetermined frequency is 10 Hz or higher, preferably 200 Hz or higher, and more preferably 3 kHz or higher.
- the optical fiber scanner 4a may be of any type such as piezoelectric type or electromagnetic type.
- step S1' coherent light L from the light source 5 enters the multimode propagation path 3c from the incident surface 3a. Then, the light L' propagated through the propagation path 3c is irradiated onto the subject S from the emission surface 3b (step S2'). In parallel with steps S1' and S2', the tip of the propagation path 3c provided with the emission surface 3b is vibrated by the vibration mechanism 4, thereby changing the position and angle of the light L' emitted from the emission surface 3b. It changes with time (step S3').
- the light L propagates along the multimode propagation path 3c to generate spatially multiplexed illumination light L′ at the exit surface 3b. Furthermore, the illumination light L' is temporally multiplexed by vibrating the illumination light L' emitted from the emission surface 3b. In this way, the subject S is irradiated with the spatially and temporally multiplexed illumination light L′, and the speckle pattern is spatially and temporally uniformed. Thereby, speckles can be reduced. Moreover, according to this embodiment, since the first light guide member 2 is unnecessary, the number of parts of the lighting device 10 can be reduced compared to the lighting device 1 of the first embodiment.
- the endoscope 100 includes a first light guide member 2, a second light guide member 3, a vibration mechanism 4, and an imaging section 8.
- the first light guide member 2, the second light guide member 3, and the vibration mechanism 4 constitute the illumination device 1 described in the first embodiment.
- the illumination device 1 is any one of the illumination devices 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 4A to 4F, and FIG. 6A shows an endoscope 100 including the illumination device 1 of FIG. 1 as an example.
- the illumination device 1 is provided inside a long insertion section 100a of the endoscope 100, the optical fiber 2 is arranged on the proximal side of the insertion section 100a, and the light guide 3 is arranged on the distal side of the insertion section 100a.
- the imaging unit 8 has an objective optical system, an imaging device, and the like. The imaging unit 8 captures an image of the subject S illuminated by the illumination light L′ emitted from the emission surface 3b of the light guide 3 to obtain an endoscopic image.
- the subject S is irradiated with illumination light L′ in a spatially and temporally multiplexed distribution state, and the speckle pattern generated in the subject S is spatially and temporally multiplied. substantially homogenized.
- the imaging unit 8 can acquire a high-quality endoscopic image with reduced speckles.
- the vibration mechanism 4 may vibrate the light L by vibrating the relay optical system 6 instead of vibrating the tip 2b of the optical fiber 2, as shown in FIG. 6B. That is, the endoscope 100 may include the relay optical system 6 between the distal end 2b and the incident surface 3a, and the vibration mechanism 4 may include the actuator 4b.
- an endoscope system 200 includes an endoscope 101, a light source device 20, an imaging device 30, and a display device 40.
- the endoscope system 200 also includes a housing 201 connected to the proximal end of the long insertion section 100 a of the endoscope 101 .
- configurations different from those of the first to third embodiments will be described, and configurations common to those of the first to third embodiments will be denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.
- the endoscope 101 has a light guide 3.
- the light guide 3 is composed of one or more multimode optical fibers and has an entrance surface 3a, an exit surface 3b, and a multimode propagation path 3c.
- the light guide 3 is arranged inside the insertion section 100a along the longitudinal direction of the insertion section 100a. or located in the vicinity thereof.
- An illumination lens for adjusting the light distribution may be arranged in front of the exit surface 3b.
- the light source device 20 is provided inside the housing 201 .
- the light source device 20 includes a first light guide member 2 , a vibration mechanism 4 and a light source 5 .
- the first light guide member 2 is a single-mode optical fiber as described in the first embodiment.
- a proximal end 2 a of the first light guide member 2 is connected to the light source 5 .
- the tip 2b of the first light guide member 2 is arranged at a position facing the incident surface 3a, and the light L emitted from the tip 2b enters the propagation path 3c from the incident surface 3a.
- the vibration mechanism 4 has an optical fiber scanner 4a that vibrates the tip 2b.
- the imaging device 30 has an imaging section 8 provided at the distal end of the insertion section 100 a and an image processing section 9 provided in the housing 201 .
- An endoscopic image acquired by the imaging unit 8 is processed by the image processing unit 9 and then displayed on the display device 40 .
- the light source device 20 and the endoscope 101 may be detachably connected to each other.
- a first connector (not shown) is provided on the housing 201 and a second connector (not shown) is provided on the proximal end of the insertion portion 100a.
- the mirror 101 may be detachably connected.
- FIG. 8 shows a more detailed configuration of the endoscope system 200.
- the endoscope 101 may further include an illumination optical system 11 arranged at the distal end of the insertion section 100a.
- the illumination optical system 11 has a lens that widens the angle of the illumination light L′, and a phosphor that is excited by the illumination light L′.
- the illumination optical system 11 may include the diffusion member 7 (see FIG. 4E) described in the first embodiment. Illumination light L′ emitted from the exit surface 3 b passes through the illumination optical system 11 and irradiates the object S. As shown in FIG.
- the light source device 20 includes one or more light sources 5 and a light source driving section 12 that drives the one or more light sources 5 .
- the light source 5 is a laser light source that emits coherent laser light. In FIG. 8, as the light source 5, three semiconductor laser light sources 5R, 5G and 5B of red, green and blue are provided.
- the light source device 20 may further include a multiplexing section 13 that multiplexes the multiple lights emitted from the multiple light sources 5R, 5G, and 5B.
- FIG. 9A shows a configuration example of a piezoelectric optical fiber scanner 4a.
- the optical fiber scanner 4a includes a tubular ferrule 41 made of an elastic material, one or more piezoelectric elements 42 fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the ferrule 41, and a holding portion 43 fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the base end portion of the ferrule 41.
- the optical fiber 2 passes through the ferrule 41 , and the ferrule 41 is fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the optical fiber 2 .
- the holding portion 43 is fixed to a member outside the optical fiber scanner 4a, thereby supporting the ferrule 41 and the optical fiber 2 in a cantilever manner.
- the piezoelectric element 42 undergoes stretching vibration in the longitudinal direction of the optical fiber 2 when an alternating voltage is applied thereto, and the stretching vibration of the piezoelectric element 42 is transmitted to the optical fiber 2 via the ferrule 41 .
- bending vibration is excited at the tip of the optical fiber 2 protruding from the tip of the ferrule 41, and the tip 2b vibrates.
- FIG. 9B shows another configuration example of the piezoelectric optical fiber scanner 4a.
- the optical fiber scanner 4 a has a block 44 made of elastic material and one or more piezoelectric elements 45 fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the block 44 .
- the block 44 shown in FIG. 9B is a rectangular parallelepiped, the block 44 may have any other shape and may have structures such as grooves to facilitate fixing of the optical fiber 2 .
- the optical fiber 2 is fixed to the side, bottom or top surface of the block 44 by, for example, an adhesive, thereby supporting the optical fiber 2 in a cantilever manner.
- the piezoelectric element 45 undergoes stretching vibration in the longitudinal direction of the optical fiber 2 when an alternating voltage is applied, and the stretching vibration of the piezoelectric element 45 is transmitted to the optical fiber 2 via the block 44 . As a result, bending vibration is excited at the tip of the optical fiber 2, causing the tip 2b to vibrate.
- the subject S is irradiated with illumination light L′ in a spatially and temporally multiplexed distribution state, and the speckle pattern generated in the subject S is spatially and temporally multiplied. homogenized in time.
- the imaging unit 8 can acquire a high-quality endoscopic image with reduced speckles.
- the light source device 20 including the first light guide member 2 and the vibration mechanism 4 is arranged in the housing 201, and the multimode second light guide member 3, such as a light guide, is generally equipped as standard in the endoscope.
- the illumination method of the present invention can be applied to the endoscope 101 without adding an optical system to the endoscope 101.
- FIG. That is, as the endoscope 101, various endoscopes such as a small-diameter endoscope and an endoscope without a light scanning function can be used. Further, by configuring the light source device 20 and the endoscope 101 to be removable from each other, the light source device 20 can be used in combination with any endoscope 101 having the second light guide member 3 .
- the modified example described in the first embodiment may be applied to the endoscope system 200.
- the first light guide member 2 may be a multimode optical fiber (see FIG. 4A).
- the light source device 20 may include a relay optical system 6 between the tip 2b and the incident surface 3a (see FIGS. 4B and 4C).
- the vibration mechanism 4 may include an actuator 4b for vibrating the relay optical system 6 instead of or in addition to the optical fiber scanner 4a (see FIG. 4C).
- the vibration mechanism 4 may vibrate the incident surface 3a at the base end of the second light guide member 3 instead of the tip 2b of the first light guide member 2 (see FIG. 4F).
- the second light guide member 3 has a first portion arranged in the insertion portion 100a and including the exit surface 3b, and a second portion arranged in the housing 201 and including the entrance surface 3a. may have.
- the vibration mechanism 4 can be arranged inside the housing 201 .
- the first portion and the second portion may be detachably connected to each other by an optical connector (not shown) such as an optical fiber connector.
- the incident surface 3a may be arranged inside the housing 201, and the light source device 20 and the endoscope 101 may be connected by an optical connector such as an optical fiber connector.
- the light L may be used as therapeutic light for treating tissues such as lesions.
- the vibration of the light L may be temporarily stopped by stopping the operation of the vibration mechanism 4 .
- the light guide 3, which is the second light guide member is made of one or more multimode optical fibers. , any other optical member capable of propagating the light L in multiple modes.
- the light guide 3 may be a fiber bundle or multi-core fiber, or a straight glass rod.
- the single-mode fiber or multi-mode fiber, which is the first light guide member 2 arranged between the light guide 3 and the light source 5 is vibrated, for example, a lumen such as a ureter or a pancreatic duct, a pipe, etc.
- the first light guide member 2 may be inserted into the object and its tip 2b may be vibrated.
- the length of the first light guide member 2 as a point light source, it is possible to appropriately change the length of the second light guide member 3 that also functions as a field for removing laser speckles. .
- the vibration mechanism 4 is provided with the optical fiber scanner 4a and/or the actuator 4b, but the vibration mechanism 4 can be operated by any other means such as
- the light L incident on the surface 3a may be oscillated.
- the vibration mechanism 4 may vibrate the tip 2b and the light L by translating the tip of the optical fiber 2 in the radial direction.
- the vibration mechanism 4 may vibrate the light L by vibrating the galvanomirror 4c.
- Reference Signs List 1 10 lighting device 2 first light guide member (light guide member), optical fiber 3 second light guide member, light guide 4 vibration mechanism 4a optical fiber scanner (scanner) 4b Actuator 5 Light source 6 Relay optical system 7 Diffusion member 8 Imaging unit 20 Light source device 100, 101 Endoscope 200 Endoscope system
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Abstract
Description
特許文献3に記載の手段の場合、集光光学系から光拡散部に入射した光は光拡散部によって乱反射され、乱反射された光の一部はコリメート光学系によって受光されずに損失する。したがって、光源から出力された光の光量に対して、照度が低下してしまう。
本発明の第1実施形態に係る照明装置および照明方法について図面を参照して説明する。
図1に示されるように、本実施形態に係る照明装置1は、第1導光部材2と、第2導光部材3と、振動機構4とを備える。
h ≦ D/2 - dNA …(1)
一方、先端2bの振動振幅hが小さ過ぎる場合にはスペックル低減効果が小さくなるため、振動振幅hは、下式(2)を満たすことが好ましい。
h ≧ 0.1・D/2 - dNA …(2)
図3は、照明装置1を用いた本実施形態に係る照明方法を示している。図3に示されるように、照明方法は、光源5からの干渉性を有する光Lを伝播経路3cに入射面3aから入射するステップS1と、入射面3aに入射する光Lおよび入射面3aを相対的に振動させ、光Lの入射面3aへの入射位置および入射角度の少なくとも一方を時間変化させるステップS2と、伝播経路3cを伝播した光L’を被写体(対象)Sに照射するステップS3と、を含む。
次に、ステップS3において、伝播経路3cを伝播した光L’が、出射面3bから被写体Sに向けて出射され被写体Sを照明する。
さらに、入射面3aに入射する光Lの入射位置および入射角度が振動機構4によって時間変化させられることによって、出射面3bから出射される照明光L’の位相分布が時間的に多重化される。
また、特許文献1,2のように光ファイバ2,3の途中位置を振動させる場合とは異なり、入射面3aへの光Lの入射位置および入射角度を光ファイバ2の先端2bの振動により時間変化させることによって、伝播経路3cを伝播する光Lの位置および角度等の状態をよりダイナミックに時間変化させることができる。これにより、スペックルのより高い低減効果を得ることができる。
本発明によれば、例えば拡大内視鏡やデジタルズーム表示のようにレーザスペックルが顕著に現れる場合であっても、光ファイバ2の振動数を高めることによって、従来防ぐことは不可能と考えられていたレーザスペックルでさえ低減できるようになる。
図4Aの照明装置1において、第1導光部材2は、マルチモードの光ファイバである。第1導光部材2および第2導光部材3の両方をマルチモードとすることによって、光源5からの光Lがさらに多重化される。これにより、スペックルをさらに低減することができる。
図4Aの照明装置1の一設計例において、先端2bと入射面3aとの間の距離は50μmである。光ファイバ2を構成するマルチモードの光ファイバにおいて、コア径は50μm、クラッド径は125μm、開口数は0.22である。ライトガイド3を構成するマルチモードの光ファイバにおいて、コア径(有効径)は500μm、先端2bの片側振幅は100μmである。
図4Cの変形例において、先端2bおよびリレー光学系6の両方を振動させることに代えて、リレー光学系6のみを振動させてもよい。
振動機構4は、先端2bおよび入射面3aの両方を振動させてもよい。これにより、スペックルをさらに低減することができる。
次に、本発明の第2実施形態に係る照明装置および照明方法について図面を参照して説明する。
図5に示されるように、本実施形態に係る照明装置10は、振動機構4がライトガイド3の先端を振動させる点において、第1実施形態と相違する。
本実施形態において、第1実施形態と異なる構成について説明し、第1実施形態と共通する構成については同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。
ライトガイド3は、第1実施形態において説明したように、1本または複数本のマルチモードの光ファイバから構成される。ライトガイド3の入射面3aは光源5に接続されている。光源5から出射された光Lは、伝播経路3cに入射面3aから入射し、伝播経路3cを出射面3bに向かって伝播し、発散光L’として出射面3bから出射される。
また、本実施形態によれば、第1導光部材2が不要であるので、第1実施形態の照明装置1と比較して、照明装置10の部品点数を減らすことができる。
次に、本発明の第3実施形態に係る内視鏡について図面を参照して説明する。
本実施形態において、第1および第2実施形態と異なる構成について説明し、第1および第2実施形態と共通する構成については同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。
図6Aに示されるように、本実施形態に係る内視鏡100は、第1導光部材2と、第2導光部材3と、振動機構4と、撮像部8と、を備える。
照明装置1は、内視鏡100の長尺の挿入部100aの内部に設けられ、光ファイバ2が挿入部100aの基端側に配置され、ライトガイド3が挿入部100aの先端側に配置される。
撮像部8は、対物光学系および撮像素子等を有する。撮像部8は、ライトガイド3の出射面3bから出射された照明光L’で照明された被写体Sを撮像し、内視鏡画像を取得する。
次に、本発明の第4実施形態に係る内視鏡システムについて図面を参照して説明する。
図7Aに示されるように、本実施形態に係る内視鏡システム200は、内視鏡101と、光源装置20と、撮像装置30と、表示装置40とを備える。また、内視鏡システム200は、内視鏡101の長尺の挿入部100aの基端に接続された筐体201を備える。
本実施形態において、第1から第3実施形態と異なる構成について説明し、第1から第3実施形態と共通する構成については同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。
第1導光部材2は、第1実施形態において説明したように、シングルモードの光ファイバである。第1導光部材2の基端2aは光源5に接続されている。第1導光部材2の先端2bは、入射面3aと対向する位置に配置され、先端2bから出射された光Lは伝播経路3cに入射面3aから入射する。
振動機構4は、先端2bを振動させる光ファイバスキャナ4aを有する。
図8に示されるように、内視鏡101は、挿入部100aの先端部に配置された照明光学系11をさらに備えていてもよい。照明光学系11は、照明光L’を広角化するレンズ、および、照明光L’によって励起される蛍光体等を有する。照明光学系11は、第1実施形態において説明した拡散部材7(図4E参照。)を備えていてもよい。出射面3bから出射された照明光L’は、照明光学系11を経由して被写体Sに照射される。
光ファイバスキャナ4aは、弾性材料からなる管状のフェルール41と、フェルール41の外周面に固定された1以上の圧電素子42と、フェルール41の基端部の外周面に固定された保持部43とを有する。光ファイバ2はフェルール41内を貫通し、光ファイバ2の外周面にフェルール41が固定されている。保持部43は光ファイバスキャナ4aの外部の部材に固定され、それによりフェルール41および光ファイバ2は片持ち梁状に支持されている。圧電素子42は、交番電圧が印加されることによって光ファイバ2の長手方向に伸縮振動し、圧電素子42の伸縮振動がフェルール41を経由して光ファイバ2に伝達される。これにより、フェルール41の先端から突出する光ファイバ2の先端部に屈曲振動が励起され、先端2bが振動する。
また、光源装置20と内視鏡101とを相互に取り外し可能に構成することによって、光源装置20を、第2導光部材3を有する任意の内視鏡101と組み合わせて使用することができる。
すなわち、第1導光部材2は、マルチモードの光ファイバであってもよい(図4A参照。)。
光源装置20は、先端2bと入射面3aとの間にリレー光学系6を備えていてもよい(図4Bおよび図4C参照。)。この場合、振動機構4は、光ファイバスキャナ4aに代えて、またはこれに加えて、リレー光学系6を振動させるアクチュエータ4bを備えていてもよい(図4C参照。)。
図7Aの構成においても、入射面3aが筐体201内に配置され、光源装置20と内視鏡101とが、光ファイバコネクタ等の光コネクタによって接続されてもよい。
また、ライトガイド3と光源5との間に配置される第1導光部材2であるシングルモードファイバまたはマルチモードファイバを振動させる実施形態において、例えば尿管、膵管のような管腔や配管などの細長い対象に対して、第1導光部材2を対象内部に挿入してその先端2bを振動させるようにしてもよい。この場合、点光源としての第1導光部材2の長さを調整することによって、レーザスペックル解消の場としても機能する第2導光部材3の長さを適宜変更することが可能となる。
例えば、図10Aに示されるように、振動機構4は、光ファイバ2の先端部を径方向に平行移動させることによって、先端2bおよび光Lを振動させてもよい。あるいは、図10Bに示されるように、振動機構4は、ガルバノミラー4cの振動によって光Lを振動させてもよい。
2 第1導光部材(導光部材)、光ファイバ
3 第2導光部材、ライトガイド
4 振動機構
4a 光ファイバスキャナ(スキャナ)
4b アクチュエータ
5 光源
6 リレー光学系
7 拡散部材
8 撮像部
20 光源装置
100,101 内視鏡
200 内視鏡システム
Claims (19)
- 光源からの干渉性を有する光をマルチモードの伝播経路に入射面から入射すること、
前記入射面に入射する前記光および前記入射面を相対的に振動させ、前記光の前記入射面への入射位置および入射角度の少なくとも一方を時間変化させること、および、
前記伝播経路を伝播した前記光を対象に照射すること、を含む照明方法。 - 前記光源からの前記光が、導光部材を経由して前記伝播経路に入射し、
前記入射面に入射する前記光および前記入射面を相対的に振動させることが、前記導光部材の先端を振動させることを含む、請求項1に記載の照明方法。 - 前記入射面に入射する前記光および前記入射面を相対的に振動させることが、前記入射面が設けられた前記伝播経路の基端を振動させることを含む、請求項1に記載の照明方法。
- 光源からの干渉性を有する光をマルチモードの伝播経路に入射すること、
前記伝播経路を伝播した光を出射面から対象に照射すること、および、
前記出射面が設けられた前記伝播経路の先端を振動させ、前記出射面から出射される前記光の位置および角度を時間変化させること、を含む照明方法。 - 前記入射面に入射する前記光が、発散光である、請求項1から請求項3のいずれかに記載の照明方法。
- 前記振動の周波数が10Hz以上である、請求項1から請求項4のいずれかに記載の照明方法。
- 前記振動の周波数が200Hz以上である、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 光源からの干渉性を有する光を導光する第1導光部材と、
入射面、出射面、および前記入射面と前記出射面との間のマルチモードの伝播経路を有し、前記第1導光部材の先端から出射された前記光が前記伝播経路に前記入射面から入射する、第2導光部材と、
前記入射面に入射する前記光および前記入射面を相対的に振動させ、前記光の前記入射面への入射位置および入射角度の少なくとも一方を時間変化させる振動機構と、を備える照明装置。 - 前記振動機構が、前記第1導光部材の前記先端を該第1導光部材の径方向に振動させるスキャナを有する、請求項8に記載の照明装置。
- 前記第1導光部材の前記先端の振動振幅が、前記入射面の有効径よりも小さい、請求項9に記載の照明装置。
- 前記第1導光部材と前記第2導光部材との間に配置されたリレー光学系をさらに備え、
該リレー光学系が、前記第1導光部材の先端から発散光として出射される前記光を前記第2導光部材の前記入射面に集光する、請求項9に記載の照明装置。 - 前記第1導光部材の光軸が、前記第2導光部材の光軸に対して傾斜している、請求項8に記載の照明装置。
- 前記第2導光部材の前記出射面の前方に配置され、該出射面に対して固定され、前記光を拡散する拡散部材をさらに備える、請求項8から請求項12のいずれかに記載の照明装置。
- 光源装置と、
該光源装置と接続される内視鏡と、を備え、
前記光源装置が、
光源と、
該光源からの干渉性を有する光を導光する第1導光部材と、
振動機構と、を備え、
前記内視鏡が、
入射面、出射面、および前記入射面と前記出射面との間のマルチモードの伝播経路を有し、前記第1導光部材の先端から出射された前記光が前記伝播経路に前記入射面から入射する、第2導光部材を備え、
前記振動機構が、前記入射面に入射する前記光および前記入射面を相対的に振動させ、前記光の前記入射面への入射位置および入射角度の少なくとも一方を時間変化させる、内視鏡システム。 - 前記振動機構が、前記第1導光部材の先端を該第1導光部材の径方向に振動させるスキャナを有する、請求項14に記載の内視鏡システム。
- 前記光源装置および前記内視鏡が、相互に取り外し可能に接続される、請求項14または請求項15に記載の内視鏡システム。
- 光源からの干渉性を有する光を導光する第1導光部材と、
入射面、出射面、および前記入射面と前記出射面との間のマルチモードの伝播経路を有し、前記第1導光部材の先端から出射された光が前記伝播経路に前記入射面から入射される、第2導光部材と、
前記入射面に入射する前記光および前記入射面を相対的に振動させ、前記光の前記入射面への入射位置および入射角度の少なくとも一方を時間変化させる、振動機構と、
前記第2導光部材の出射面から出射された光で照明された対象を撮像する撮像部とを備える、内視鏡。 - 前記振動機構が、前記第1導光部材の先端を該第1導光部材の径方向に振動させるスキャナを有する、請求項17に記載の内視鏡。
- 前記第1導光部材と前記第2導光部材との間に配置されるリレー光学系をさらに備え、
前記振動機構が、前記リレー光学系を光軸に交差する方向に振動させるアクチュエータを有する、請求項17または請求項18に記載の内視鏡。
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| CN202280091410.4A CN118714966A (zh) | 2022-03-03 | 2022-03-03 | 照明方法、照明装置、内窥镜系统以及内窥镜 |
| PCT/JP2022/009133 WO2023166661A1 (ja) | 2022-03-03 | 2022-03-03 | 照明方法、照明装置、内視鏡システムおよび内視鏡 |
| JP2024504131A JPWO2023166661A5 (ja) | 2022-03-03 | 照明方法、照明装置および内視鏡システム | |
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Citations (6)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004138669A (ja) * | 2002-10-15 | 2004-05-13 | Sony Corp | 照明装置及び画像表示装置 |
| JP2011128639A (ja) * | 2011-01-26 | 2011-06-30 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | スペックル除去光源および照明装置 |
| JP2012005785A (ja) * | 2010-06-28 | 2012-01-12 | Fujifilm Corp | 内視鏡システム |
| JP2016514497A (ja) * | 2013-03-15 | 2016-05-23 | オリーブ・メディカル・コーポレイションOlive Medical Corporation | スペックルを干渉性光源によって照らされたシーンから除去するためのシステム及び方法 |
| JP2017120296A (ja) * | 2015-12-28 | 2017-07-06 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | プロジェクター |
| US20200397247A1 (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2020-12-24 | Ethicon Llc | Speckle removal in a pulsed fluorescence imaging system |
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- 2022-03-03 CN CN202280091410.4A patent/CN118714966A/zh active Pending
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Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004138669A (ja) * | 2002-10-15 | 2004-05-13 | Sony Corp | 照明装置及び画像表示装置 |
| JP2012005785A (ja) * | 2010-06-28 | 2012-01-12 | Fujifilm Corp | 内視鏡システム |
| JP2011128639A (ja) * | 2011-01-26 | 2011-06-30 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | スペックル除去光源および照明装置 |
| JP2016514497A (ja) * | 2013-03-15 | 2016-05-23 | オリーブ・メディカル・コーポレイションOlive Medical Corporation | スペックルを干渉性光源によって照らされたシーンから除去するためのシステム及び方法 |
| JP2017120296A (ja) * | 2015-12-28 | 2017-07-06 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | プロジェクター |
| US20200397247A1 (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2020-12-24 | Ethicon Llc | Speckle removal in a pulsed fluorescence imaging system |
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| CN118714966A (zh) | 2024-09-27 |
| JPWO2023166661A1 (ja) | 2023-09-07 |
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