WO2023163335A1 - Discharge system for medium or large-sized waste battery - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a discharge system for a medium or large-sized waste battery. The discharge system comprises: an explosion-proof case unit (110) provided in the shape of a case having an explosion-proof structure having an opening and closing door, and provided to insert a battery pack, module or cell separated from a medium or large-sized waste battery; a discharge state detection unit (120) provided to detect the internal state of the explosion-proof case unit (110) in real time to determine whether there is an abnormality or ignition; a discharge unit (130) connected to the battery pack, module, or cell inside by connecting wires from one side of the explosion-proof case unit (110); a discharge control unit (140) provided to control the discharge state of the discharge unit (130) in conjunction with the discharge state detection unit (120); and an ignition suppression unit (150) provided to supply or collect a fire extinguishing agent in conjunction with the discharge state detection unit (120), at one side of the explosion-proof case unit (110). Accordingly, the discharge system that performs an electrical discharge process that is more eco-friendly, safe, and efficient may be provided.

Description

Medium-large waste battery discharge system

The present invention relates to a medium-to-large-sized waste battery discharge system, and more particularly, to a series of recycling processes in which complex compounds containing valuable metals are produced from medium-to-large-sized waste batteries used in electric vehicles or energy storage systems and organic impurities are separately recovered. It relates to a system and process for preventing ignition of medium and large-sized waste secondary battery packs and modules and for safe and efficient electrical discharge by differentiating the configuration of the applied discharge system from the prior art.

In general, a secondary battery is a battery capable of repeating charge and discharge, and includes a lead acid battery, a nickel cadmium battery, a nickel hydride battery, a lithium ion battery, and the like. Since lead-acid batteries and nickel-cadmium batteries contain harmful heavy metals, lithium-ion batteries occupy most of the recent secondary battery market.

A lithium ion battery is a secondary battery that is widely applied to various IT devices due to its high energy density, and generates electricity according to the electric flow of lithium ions through an electrolyte between an anode and a cathode. A battery cell, the smallest unit of a secondary battery, is composed of a cathode material, a cathode material, an electrolyte, and a separator in a container. During charging, lithium ions pass through the separator from the anode to the cathode, and during discharging, they move from the anode to the anode. It is done.

For the cathode material of the secondary battery, cathode active materials such as nickel, manganese, cobalt, and aluminum are used. As for the anode material, graphite and carbon, which are anode active materials, are used. The electrolyte is composed of a lithium salt composed of lithium, phosphoric acid, and fluorine, and an organic solvent.

Meanwhile, due to the recent expansion of the electric vehicle market and the increase in the use of energy storage systems (ESS), the amount of secondary batteries discarded after use is expected to increase exponentially, and concerns about waste battery disposal methods are growing.

As described above, since the secondary battery contains valuable metals such as lithium, nickel, manganese, and cobalt as an active material, development of recycling technology for recovering mineral resources from waste batteries is in progress.

As an example of a known technology, Korean Patent Registration No. 10 - 1220149 discloses a step of disassembling a waste battery pack to obtain a battery cell, a step of exposing a cathode structure and a cathode structure by cutting the battery cell, and a cathode structure and a cathode structure discharging the exposed battery cell, recovering the valuable metal by crushing at least a portion of the battery cell and separating the particle size, and acid leaching the valuable metal powder with an acid solution containing a sulfuric acid solution in a reducing atmosphere to obtain a leaching solution It constitutes a method for producing a valuable metal sulfuric acid solution from a waste battery pack comprising the step of obtaining a.

A discharge system applied to the recycling of medium and large-sized waste batteries used in electric vehicles or energy storage systems according to the prior art applies a chemical discharge method in which waste batteries are immersed in saline, which is an electrolyte, to discharge them.

For example, Korean Patent Registration No. 10 - 1275849 discloses a lithium ion battery including an electrolyte, a separator, an electrode composite, and a current collector by corrosive discharge by treating a waste lithium ion battery with an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (NaCl) at a concentration of 0.5 to 10%. The step of crushing the waste into a size of 5 to 15 mm, washing the crushed material with water to remove the electrolyte, and then separating the separator from the crushed material from which the electrolyte is removed to remove the separator; It constitutes a pretreatment method of a lithium ion battery regeneration process comprising the step of treating with a concentrated sulfuric acid solution to separate and recover the electrode composite attached to the current collector among the debris.

As another example, Korean Patent Registration No. 10 - 2191858 discloses a saline bath in which waste lithium ion batteries are precipitated and discharged, a cutter for cutting the discharged waste lithium ion batteries into a predetermined size, and a cutter cut into a predetermined size. A dryer including a drying chamber having a drying space formed therein to dry the waste lithium ion battery under predetermined drying process conditions and a plurality of hot plates for drying, a pulverizer for pulverizing the dried and cut waste lithium ion battery, and a pulverizer It constitutes a raw material recovery system of a waste lithium ion battery including a sorter for separating raw materials such as cobalt, nickel, manganese, carbon, copper, and aluminum, which are active materials, from powder pulverized by the.

A discharge system applied to recycling of medium and large-sized waste batteries used in electric vehicles or energy storage systems according to the prior art is made by applying a chemical discharge method in which waste batteries are immersed in saline, which is an electrolyte, to discharge them.

Since sodium chloride is bonded by the electrostatic attraction of chloride ions (Cl ^- ) and sodium ions (Na ⁺ ), electrically charged particles exist in the solid state. When sodium chloride is mixed with water to make brine in a liquid state, the constituent particles dissociate into the liquid and become an electrolyte that exists in an ionic state. When the waste battery is immersed in salt water, the salt water, which is an electrolyte, moves to the positive and negative electrodes of the battery, and current flows and discharge occurs.

Such a conventional chemical discharge system has advantages such as a relatively low risk of fire or explosion because the configuration of the system is very simple and economical, and discharge is performed while the waste battery is immersed in salt water. It is mainly applied to secure safety in the discharge system.

However, such a conventional chemical discharge system has a disadvantage in that the rate until complete discharge is very slow. In particular, as waste batteries are corroded by salt water, harmful chemicals inside are leached and a large amount of wastewater is generated, so it is necessary to treat them as separate waste, which is expected to further increase the environmental load due to the expansion of the electric vehicle battery market in the future. situation is becoming.

In addition, since the chemical discharge system according to the prior art is made to discharge by immersing the battery cell in salt water after cutting or drilling, a problem in that loss occurs in the waste battery recycling process for recovering valuable metals, such as leakage of the active material inside the discharge tank. there is

In recent years, electric discharge methods have been partially adopted and utilized for the efficient treatment of used medium and large-sized waste batteries generated from electric vehicles, electric boats, military vehicles, and operating systems, but there is no separate system to prepare for fire or explosion.

In the present invention, as invented to solve the problems of the prior art as described above,

An explosion-proof case unit 110 provided in the shape of a case having an explosion-proof structure having an opening and closing door to insert a battery pack, module, or cell separated from a medium or large-sized waste battery,

A discharge state detection unit 120 provided to detect an internal state of the explosion-proof case unit 110 in real time to determine whether there is an abnormality or ignition;

A discharge unit 130 provided to connect a wire at one side of the explosion-proof case unit 110 to connect to an internal battery pack, module or cell and perform electrical discharge;

A discharge control unit 140 provided to control the discharge state of the discharge unit 130 in conjunction with the discharge state detection unit 120;

A more eco-friendly, safe and efficient electrical discharge process is achieved by including an ignition suppression unit 150 provided to supply or recover an extinguishing agent in conjunction with the discharge state detection unit 120 at one side of the explosion-proof case unit 110. It is possible to achieve the purpose of providing a discharge system that performs.

The present invention provides a discharge system applied to a series of recycling processes in which complex compounds containing valuable metals are produced from medium and large-sized waste batteries used in electric vehicles or energy storage systems and organic impurities are separately recovered.

In particular, the present invention has an effect of enabling a more environmentally friendly discharge process by significantly reducing the environmental load due to the generation of salt water waste by applying an environmentally friendly electrical discharge method compared to conventional chemical discharge systems using salt water.

In addition, the present invention secures high safety for the electrical discharge process by detecting in real time the presence or absence of abnormalities such as heat generation or swelling that may occur during the electrical discharge process and applying an automated ignition suppression mechanism, and the discharge time of medium and large-sized waste batteries The process efficiency is significantly improved by shortening, and the fire extinguishing agent used for suppression of ignition is recovered and recycled to have various environmental and economic benefits.

Therefore, the present invention has the effect of providing a discharge system that can meet environmental protection, safety, and efficiency by applying to the recycling process of waste batteries according to the prospect of expanding demand for electric vehicles and ESS.

1 is a block diagram of a medium-large waste battery discharge system according to the present invention.

2 is a voltage change graph for each discharge type according to Experimental Example 2 of the present invention.

3 is a temperature change graph according to discharge current intensity according to Experimental Example 3 of the present invention.

4 is a thermal image for each discharge current intensity according to Experimental Example 3 of the present invention.

The medium and large-sized waste battery discharge system to which the technology of the present invention is applied differentiates the configuration of the discharge system applied to the recycling process of medium and large-sized waste batteries used in electric vehicles or energy storage systems from the prior art to make it a more eco-friendly, safe and efficient electrical discharge process. Note that it relates to a discharge system technology that allows this to happen.

The battery pack of the lithium ion secondary battery used in an electric vehicle or ESS is separated into a battery module and a battery cell.

The waste battery constitutes a module and a pack based on a battery cell composed of a cathode material, a cathode material, an electrolyte, and a separator in a rectangular aluminum container. In the recycling process of waste batteries, a series of processes are performed to obtain active materials such as nickel, cobalt, manganese, etc. included in battery cells, and separately recover and treat other impurities. For this, mechanical crushing of waste batteries is unavoidable.

At this time, the risk of fire and explosion is very high when the waste battery is shredded without a separate discharge treatment in a state where the internal electrical energy is sufficient. In particular, the more electric energy remaining inside, such as a medium-large capacity waste battery, such as a battery used in an electric vehicle, the higher the risk intensity.

In the prior art, a chemical discharge method in which a waste battery is immersed in salt water was applied to completely discharge the waste battery, but the speed until complete discharge is slow, and the immersed salt water requires separate treatment due to hazardous chemicals. There are problems such as, The present invention provides a discharge system that performs an electrical discharge process differentiated from the prior art.

For this purpose, the middle and large-sized waste battery discharge system of the present invention includes an explosion-proof case unit 110 for accommodating a waste battery, a discharge state detection unit 120, a discharge unit 130, a discharge control unit 140, and an ignition suppression unit 150 ), and specifically as follows.

The explosion-proof case unit 110 is provided in the shape of an explosion-proof structure having an opening and closing door to insert a battery pack, module, or cell separated from a medium or large-sized waste battery.

The explosion-proof case unit 110 is provided to accommodate a battery pack, module or cell therein, and various types of cases can be applied according to the discharge target for each type of waste battery.

The size of the explosion-proof case unit 110 is determined by the ignition suppression unit 150 to be described later while providing an appropriate discharge environment for the waste battery to derive an appropriate water level for sufficient ignition suppression when the fire extinguishing agent is supplied. It is configured to secure an internal space about 3 to 5 times the size.

An opening and closing door is provided on one side of the explosion-proof case unit 110, and an explosion-proof structure is formed together with the case to block oxygen and heat in the event of a fire or explosion that may occur during the discharge process of the waste battery and to minimize external diffusion. do.

The discharge state detection unit 120 detects the internal state of the explosion-proof case unit 110 in real time and determines whether there is an abnormality or ignition.

The discharge state detection unit 120 senses in real time the temperature and pressure change inside the explosion-proof case unit 110 and the presence or absence of gas generation in the process of discharging the waste battery, and the discharge control unit 140 and It is configured to operate the ignition suppression unit 150, and includes a gas detection module 121, a temperature detection module 122, and a pressure detection module 123.

The gas detection module 121 is installed inside the explosion-proof case unit 110 to detect gas generated during the discharging of the waste battery.

The temperature sensing module 122 is installed inside the explosion-proof case unit 110 to sense the internal temperature during discharging of the waste battery.

The pressure sensing module 123 is installed inside the explosion-proof case unit 110 to sense the internal pressure during the discharging of the waste battery.

The discharge state detection unit 120 determines that when a fire or explosion situation due to overheating occurs during the discharge process of the waste battery, if the detection result for gas, temperature, and pressure is out of each preset control condition, it is an abnormality or ignition A signal is transmitted to the discharge control unit 140 and the ignition suppression unit 150.

The discharge state detection unit 120 includes a thermal imaging module 124 to detect in real time a thermal image and a swelling phenomenon of the waste battery inside the explosion-proof case unit 110 in the process of discharging the waste battery, A swelling detection module 125 is included.

The thermal imaging module 124 is installed on one side of the explosion-proof case unit 110 to detect heat generated in the process of discharging the waste battery and display it as an image.

The thermal imaging module 124 displays the temperature change of the core of the waste battery and the size change of the waste battery in real time in the process of discharging the waste battery, and determines that it is in an abnormal or ignition risk state when it is out of a predetermined control condition, and will be described later. It is configured to transmit a signal to the discharge control unit 140 and the ignition suppression unit 150 to be performed.

The swelling detection module 125 is provided to detect a swelling state by calculating a volume change rate during the discharging process of the waste battery from the image captured by the thermal imaging module 124 .

The swelling detection module 125 processes the image captured by the thermal imaging module 124, numerically interprets the change in size of the waste battery, and calculates the volume change rate in real time. It is configured to determine an abnormal or ignition risk state according to the phenomenon and transmit a signal to the discharge control unit 140 and the ignition suppression unit 150 to be described later.

The discharge unit 130 connects wires at one side of the explosion-proof case unit 110 to connect to an internal battery pack, module, or cell and perform electrical discharge.

The discharging unit 130 is provided to remove electrical energy inside the waste battery by applying a discharger that performs an electrical discharging process on a conventional secondary battery, and is configured to control the discharging time according to the strength of the discharging current. The electrical energy removed from the waste battery can be applied to the electrical energy removal method through a resistance element or the electrical energy recovery method through a separate capacitor connection according to the configuration method of the discharge unit 130, so that the configuration is not limited. don't

Since there is a section in which the voltage rapidly decreases below a certain voltage in the waste battery, if electrical discharge is continued in this section for complete discharge, a swelling phenomenon in which the battery swells with heat may occur in the waste battery. The discharge unit 130 is configured to be selectively settable from a normal discharge mode or a rapid discharge mode to perform an electrical discharge process of a waste battery by applying an appropriate current intensity according to work conditions.

The general discharge mode of the discharge unit 130 is provided to perform discharge at 0.3 C as a current level in which the waste battery is completely discharged within 3 to 4 hours.

The rapid discharge mode of the discharge unit 130 is provided to perform discharge at 1C to 0.5C as a current intensity in which the waste battery is completely discharged within 1 to 3 hours.

The discharge control unit 140 is provided to control the discharge state of the discharge unit 130 in conjunction with the discharge state detection unit 120 .

The discharge control unit 140 controls the discharge unit 130 according to the real-time detection result by the discharge state detection unit 120 in the process of discharging the waste battery to minimize the occurrence of danger through the pressure control module 141 and , and a discharge control module 142.

The pressure control module 141 is installed on one side of the explosion-proof case unit 110 and interlocks with the discharge state detection unit 120 to check the pressure detection result in real time during the discharge process of the waste battery.

The pressure control module 141 may apply a pressure valve or a pressure reducing valve, and if the pressure is out of a preset control condition, it is provided to reduce the possibility of an explosion by adjusting the internal pressure of the explosion-proof case unit 110. .

The discharge control module 142 is installed between the discharge unit 130 and the explosion-proof case unit 110 and interlocks with the discharge state detection unit 120 to obtain gas, temperature, pressure, thermal image, Equipped to check the result of sensing swelling in real time.

The discharge control module 142 is provided with an intermediate terminal between the explosion-proof case unit 110 and the discharge unit 130, and when the detection result is out of a preset control condition, the current is cut off to quickly stop the discharge and in a dangerous situation configured to prepare for

The ignition suppression unit 150 is provided to supply or recover an extinguishing agent in conjunction with the discharge state detection unit 120 at one side of the explosion-proof case unit 110 .

The ignition suppression unit 150 uses the extinguishing agent supply module 151 and the supply control module 155 to inject the extinguishing agent so that the fire is quickly extinguished in case of a fire according to the real-time detection result by the discharge state detection unit 120. include

The extinguishing agent supply module 151 is provided by connecting the extinguishing agent supply pipe 152 and the supply valve 153 at one side of the explosion-proof case unit 110.

The extinguishing agent supply pipe 152 is provided to connect the extinguishing agent supply port installed inside the explosion-proof case unit 110 and the extinguishing agent supply unit 154 provided outside. The fire extinguishing agent supply unit 154 may be, for example, a tank type for storing the fire extinguishing agent, or a direct water or mobile tank type.

The supply valve 153 is provided to automatically open and close in conjunction with a supply control module 155 to be described later.

The supply control module 155 interlocks with the extinguishing agent supply module 151 and the discharge state detection unit 120 to check the gas, temperature, pressure, thermal image, and swelling detection results in real time during the discharge process of the waste battery. prepare to do

The supply control module 155 controls the opening and closing of the supply valve 153 when the detection result is out of a preset control condition, and supplies the extinguishing agent through the extinguishing agent supply port installed inside the explosion-proof case unit 110 to cause a fire. It is configured so that automatic fire extinguishing is performed.

The fire extinguishing agent supplied through the fire extinguishing agent supply port inside the explosion-proof case unit 110 by the extinguishing agent supply module 151 and the supply control module 155 is supplied with a capacity of about 2 to 3 times the height of the waste battery, Completely block the air flow and configure it to achieve rapid extinguishing.

The ignition suppression unit 150 includes an extinguishing agent fire water module and a recovery control module 159 so that the used extinguishing agent can be recovered and reused when the fire extinguishing by the extinguishing agent supply module 151 is completed.

The fire extinguishing agent sprayed into the explosion-proof case unit 110 by the extinguishing agent supply module 151 may leach some hazardous chemicals in a state in which waste batteries damaged due to fire or explosion are completely immersed. In the present invention, the fire suppression unit is provided with a fire extinguishing agent recovery module 156 to reduce the environmental load by reusing the fire extinguishing agent several times without discharging it to the outside.

The extinguishing agent recovery module 156 is provided by connecting the extinguishing agent recovery pipe 157 and the recovery pump 158 at one side of the explosion-proof case unit 110.

The extinguishing agent recovery pipe 157 is provided to connect the extinguishing agent outlet installed inside the explosion-proof case unit 110 and the extinguishing agent supply unit 154 provided outside.

The recovery pump 158 is provided to automatically operate in conjunction with a recovery control module 159 to be described later.

The recovery control module 159 interlocks with the extinguishing agent recovery module 156 and the discharge state detection unit 120 to control the operation of the recovery pump 158 when the internal state of the explosion-proof case unit 110 is completed to extinguish the explosion. The fire extinguishing agent supplied to the inside of the case unit 110 is recovered and provided to be reused in the fire extinguishing agent supply module 151.

The electrical discharge process by the medium-large waste battery discharge system to which the technology of the present invention is applied is schematically as follows. Since the following description describes the present invention with respect to preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited by the following examples, and it is natural that various modifications may be provided without departing from the scope of the present invention. .

The present invention constitutes a discharge system that performs an electrical discharge process applied to eco-friendly recycling of waste batteries, in which complex compounds containing valuable metals are produced using middle- or large-sized waste batteries used in electric vehicles or energy storage systems, and organic impurities are separately recovered. And, it consists of an explosion-proof case unit 110, a discharge state detection unit 120, a discharge unit 130, a discharge control unit 140, and an ignition suppression unit 150.

First, medium-large waste batteries to be discharged are put into the explosion-proof case unit 110. A battery pack of a lithium ion secondary battery used in an electric vehicle or an ESS, or a module or cell from which it is separated is inserted and connected to the discharge unit 130 by connecting wires.

By operating the discharge unit 130, the electrical energy inside the battery cell of the waste battery is removed. Depending on the strength of the discharge current, the normal discharge mode or the rapid discharge mode is selected to control the process time.

Since there is a section in which the voltage rapidly decreases below a certain voltage in the waste battery, if electrical discharge is continued in this section for complete discharge, a swelling phenomenon in which the battery swells with heat may occur in the waste battery.

Therefore, the discharge unit 130 selects the normal discharge mode to ensure safety and performs discharge at 0.3C as an appropriate current level for complete discharge of the battery cells within 3 to 4 hours, or selects the rapid discharge mode if necessary. As a rapid discharge current intensity in which the battery cell is completely discharged within 1 to 3 hours, the discharge is performed at 1C to 0.5C or .

As described above, in the process of discharging the waste battery, the discharge state detection unit 120 detects the internal state of the explosion-proof case unit 110 through the gas detection module 121, the temperature detection module 122, and the pressure detection module 123. , The thermal imaging module 124 and the swelling detection module 125 detect and detect in real time to determine whether there is an abnormality or ignition.

If the detection result by the discharge state detection unit 120 is out of each preset control condition, it is judged as an abnormality or ignition, and a signal is transmitted to the discharge control unit 140 and the ignition suppression unit 150 to stop the discharge and extinguishing agent to supply

The discharge control unit 140 controls the pressure inside the explosion-proof case unit 110 by the pressure control module 141 and blocks the current by the discharge control module 142 to stop the discharge.

The ignition suppression unit 150 opens the supply valve 153 of the extinguishing agent supply module 151 by the supply control module 155 to supply the extinguishing agent into the explosion-proof case unit 110 through the extinguishing agent supply pipe 152. Water is generally used as an extinguishing agent, and saline at a concentration of 1 to 5% can be used. If the salt concentration exceeds the above range, scale may occur inside the explosion-proof case unit 110 due to moisture evaporation during fire extinguishing. The water level of the fire extinguishing agent is supplied at 2 to 3 times the height of the waste battery to completely block the air flow and quickly extinguish the fire.

In addition, the ignition suppression unit 150 operates the recovery pump 158 of the extinguishing agent recovery pipe 157 by the recovery control module 159 to supply the inside of the explosion-proof case unit 110 through the extinguishing agent recovery pipe 157. The fire extinguishing agent is recovered to the fire extinguishing agent supply unit 154. The recovered extinguishing agent is recycled through the extinguishing agent supply module in the event of a fire in the future to minimize waste generation.

Hereinafter, an experimental example using a medium-large waste battery discharge system to which the technology of the present invention having the configuration described above is applied will be configured and the effect will be closely grasped.

<Experimental Example 1>

A chemical discharge process using distilled water and salt water was performed by the waste battery discharge system to which the prior art is applied, and IC analysis was performed using the wastewater generated accordingly, and the results are shown in Table 1 below. (Units) : mg/L, ppm)

division F ^- (Fluoride) Cl ^- (Chloride) Li ⁺ (Lithium) Na ⁺ (Sodium) Distilled water 37.9 17.6 469 58.5 Saline (NaCl) - 28,800 81.9 21,900

It was confirmed that a large amount of Li, an ecotoxic material, and F, a high-risk material, were detected in the wastewater generated from the chemical discharge system according to the prior art. This is expected to be detected as the electrolyte used in waste batteries is mixed with distilled water or salt water while going through a chemical discharge process. Expected materials for general electrolytes are mixtures of lithium salts (LiPF ₆ , LiBF ₄ , LiClO ₄ ) and organic solvents (EC, PC, DMC, DEC, etc.). In addition, the process time for chemical discharge for medium and large-sized battery cells varies somewhat depending on conditions such as the concentration of salt water used and the presence or absence of perforations, but is generally 6 to 12 hours based on complete discharge under room temperature conditions, and 24 hours at the longest. of discharge time was required. <Experimental Example 2>

A discharge process by a chemical discharge system using distilled water and brine according to the prior art and a discharge process by an electrical discharge system according to the present invention were performed, and the voltage change according to the required time was measured. The results are shown in the graph of FIG. 2 below. Same as

In the present invention, the process time can be discharged from 3 hours to 4 hours to 0V based on 0.3C in the normal discharge mode, and when discharged at 0.5C or more in the rapid discharge mode, the process time is terminated in 2 to 3 hours. can be reduced more effectively.

In the electrical discharge system according to the present invention, even after discharging to 0V, the voltage is restored due to the chemical movement of ions inside the battery cell, and the voltage is restored even when the recovered voltage is discharged again. Therefore, the discharge system of the present invention includes the discharge control unit 140 and the ignition suppression unit 150 to control the rapid discharge mode and the occurrence of fire, so that it can respond quickly.

<Experimental Example 3>

An electrical discharge process is performed by the discharge system according to the present invention, and the intensity of the discharge current from the temperature detection module 122, the thermal imaging module 124, and the swelling detection module 125 of the discharge state detection unit 120 is measured. The temperature change and the swelling phenomenon were confirmed, and the results are shown in Table 2 and the graph of FIG. 3 and the thermal image of FIG. 4.

division 0.1C 0.2C 0.3C 0.4C time (hr) Module voltage (V) module temperature
(℃) Module voltage (V) module temperature
(℃) Module voltage (V) module temperature
(℃) Module voltage (V) module temperature
(℃) 0 22.39 20.6 22.93 21.3 22.89 2039 22.9 19.3 0.5 22.11 20.6 22.37 21.3 21.89 20.90 21.67 19.50 One 21.82 21.4 21.8 21.4 21.4 20.9 21.06 20.3 1.5 21.69 21.4 21.51 23.2 20.62 21.8 19.32 23.7 2 21.55 21.0 21.22 23.2 19.23 23.5 0.14 34.1 2.5 21.40 21.0 20.77 23.10 0.21 30.90 - - 3 21.25 20.2 20.31 23 - - - - 3.5 21.00 20.2 12.19 28.45 - - - - 4 20.74 22.2 0.02 33.9 - - - - 4.5 20.47 22.2 - - - - - - 5 20.19 23.3 - - - - - - 5.5 17.42 24.0 - - - - - - 6 12.58 24.5 - - - - - - 6.5 9.36 26.1 - - - - - - 7 7.74 26.8 - - - - - - 7.5 5.51 27.2 - - - - - - 8 3.28 28.8 - - - - - - 8.5 0 29.8 - - - - - -

As the intensity of the discharge current increases, the temperature variation per hour tends to increase. In the case of this experimental example, the voltage dropped rapidly between 19 and 20V (3.1 to 3.3V based on the cell), and then severe internal heat generation occurred. In addition, it can be confirmed that a swelling phenomenon in which the battery cells expand together with internal heat generation occurs simultaneously. Therefore, in the discharge system of the present invention, the discharge control unit 140 and the ignition suppression unit 150 are safely installed to increase process efficiency through the rapid discharge mode for medium and large-sized waste batteries and to respond quickly to fire and explosion. It is provided as a device to ensure safety.

The medium-large waste battery discharge system according to the present invention as described above is a discharge applied to a series of recycling processes in which complex compounds containing valuable metals are produced from medium and large-sized waste batteries used in electric vehicles or energy storage systems, and organic impurities are separately recovered. provide the system.

The present invention significantly reduces the environmental load caused by waste generation by applying an environmentally friendly electrical discharge method compared to conventional chemical discharge systems, thereby enabling a more environmentally friendly discharge process and preventing explosions and fires that may occur in the electrical discharge process. There is an effect that can ensure safety for .

In particular, the present invention secures high safety in the electrical discharge process by detecting in real time the presence or absence of abnormalities such as heat generation or swelling that may occur during the electrical discharge process and applying an automated ignition suppression mechanism, and the discharge time of medium and large-sized waste batteries It significantly improves process efficiency by shortening the process, and since the fire extinguishing agent used for suppression of ignition can be recovered and reused, it has various environmental and economic benefits.

The middle and large-sized waste battery discharge system of the present invention has various effects such as improving safety and efficiency in preparation for future expansion of demand for electric vehicles and ESS, as well as solving technical problems related to environmental problems, so it has industrial applicability. expected to be very large.

Claims (7)

An explosion-proof case unit 110 provided in the shape of a case having an explosion-proof structure having an opening and closing door to insert a battery pack, module, or cell separated from a medium or large-sized waste battery, A discharge state detection unit 120 provided to detect an internal state of the explosion-proof case unit 110 in real time to determine whether there is an abnormality or ignition; A discharge unit 130 provided to connect a wire at one side of the explosion-proof case unit 110 to connect to an internal battery pack, module or cell and perform electrical discharge; A discharge control unit 140 provided to control the discharge state of the discharge unit 130 in conjunction with the discharge state detection unit 120; Medium or large-sized waste battery discharge system, characterized in that it comprises an ignition suppression unit 150 provided to supply or recover the fire extinguishing agent in conjunction with the discharge state detection unit 120 at one side of the explosion-proof case unit 110. According to claim 1, The discharge state detection unit 120, A gas detection module 121 installed inside the explosion-proof case unit 110 to detect gas generated in the discharging process of the waste battery; A temperature sensing module 122 installed inside the explosion-proof case unit 110 to sense the internal temperature during the discharging of the waste battery; A middle or large-sized waste battery discharge system comprising a pressure sensing module 123 installed inside the explosion-proof case unit 110 to sense the internal pressure during the discharge process of the waste battery. According to claim 1, The discharge state detection unit 120, A thermal imaging module 124 installed on one side of the explosion-proof case unit 110 to detect heat generated in the process of discharging the waste battery and display it as an image; Medium-large waste battery discharge characterized in that it comprises a swelling detection module 125 provided to detect the swelling state by calculating the volume change rate during the discharge process of the waste battery from the image taken by the thermal imaging module 124 system. According to claim 1, The discharge unit 130, A general discharge mode provided to perform discharge at 0.3C as the current level at which the waste battery is completely discharged within 3 to 4 hours, or It is made to be selectively settable among rapid discharge modes provided to perform discharge at 1C to 0.5C as the current level in which the waste battery is completely discharged within 1 to 3 hours, A medium-large-sized waste battery discharge system, characterized in that the electrical energy transferred during the discharge process of the waste battery is configured to be applicable to a method of erasing through a resistance element or a method of storing by interlocking a capacitor. According to claim 1, The discharge control unit 140, Installed on one side of the explosion-proof case unit 110 and interlocked with the discharge state detection unit 120 to adjust the internal pressure when the result of pressure detection due to fire or explosion in the process of discharging the waste battery deviates from the preset control conditions, A pressure control module 141 provided to discharge; It is installed between the discharge unit 130 and the explosion-proof case unit 110 and interlocks with the discharge state detection unit 120 to detect gas, temperature, pressure, thermal image, and swelling during the discharge process of the waste battery. A medium or large-sized waste battery discharge system comprising a discharge control module 142 provided to stop discharge when out of control conditions. According to claim 1, The ignition suppression unit 150, An extinguishing agent supply module 151 provided by connecting the extinguishing agent supply pipe 152 and the supply valve 153 on one side of the explosion-proof case unit 110, In conjunction with the extinguishing agent supply module 151 and the discharge state detection unit 120, when the detection results for gas, temperature, pressure, thermal image, and swelling are out of the preset control conditions during the discharge process of the waste battery, the supply valve 153 ) Medium or large-sized waste battery discharge system, characterized in that it comprises a supply control module 155 provided to control the opening and closing of the automatic fire extinguishing. According to claim 1 or 6, In the ignition suppression unit 150, An extinguishing agent recovery module 156 provided by connecting the extinguishing agent recovery pipe 157 and the recovery pump 158 on one side of the explosion-proof case unit 110, When the internal state of the explosion-proof case unit 110 is extinguished in conjunction with the extinguishing agent recovery module 156 and the discharge state detection unit 120, the operation of the recovery pump 158 is controlled to supply the inside of the explosion-proof case unit 110. Medium or large-sized waste battery discharge system, characterized in that it comprises a recovery control module 159 provided to recover the extinguishing agent and to be reused in the extinguishing agent supply module 151.

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