WO2023157418A1 - 積層造形物およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
積層造形物およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023157418A1 WO2023157418A1 PCT/JP2022/043821 JP2022043821W WO2023157418A1 WO 2023157418 A1 WO2023157418 A1 WO 2023157418A1 JP 2022043821 W JP2022043821 W JP 2022043821W WO 2023157418 A1 WO2023157418 A1 WO 2023157418A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a laminate-molded article and a manufacturing method thereof.
- additive manufacturing has attracted attention as a method that can easily form complicated metal products and members.
- Additive manufacturing is also commonly referred to as 3D printing.
- types of additive manufacturing include the powder spray method, in which metal powder is melted by irradiating it with a heat source, and the metal powder spread on a stage is melted by irradiating it with a heat source, and then solidified.
- powder bed method in which layers are repeatedly laminated.
- Patent Document 1 proposes a laminate-molded member made of ferrite and pearlite by a laminate-molding method using an electron beam.
- ferrite is generally a soft phase and there is room for further enhancement of strength. Moreover, in the technique described in Patent Document 1, delayed fracture resistance is not examined.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and its object is to provide a laminate-molded article having a TS (tensile strength) of 980 MPa or more and excellent delayed fracture resistance, and a method for manufacturing the same. be.
- TS tensile strength
- the present inventors have made intensive research from the viewpoint of the composition of the laminate and the manufacturing method in order to produce a laminate having high strength and excellent delayed fracture resistance. By the way, the following knowledge was discovered.
- the area ratio of the pores is 0.50% or less, and the area ratio of martensite in the area excluding the pores is 90%.
- the value obtained by dividing the length of the high-angle grain boundary by the length of the grain boundary where the misorientation angle is 20° or more and 50° or less is 2.0 or more. It was found that it is possible to manufacture a laminate-molded article having a delayed fracture resistance property.
- the present invention has been made based on the above findings. That is, the gist and configuration of the present invention are as follows.
- the pore area ratio is 0.50% or less
- Martensite has an area ratio of 90% or more in the region excluding the pores
- the average aspect ratio of the prior austenite grains is 1.5 or more, and a steel structure in which a value L HA /L obtained by dividing a high-angle grain boundary length L HA by a grain boundary length L having a misorientation angle of 20° or more and 50° or less is 2.0 or more.
- the component composition further includes, in % by mass, Ti: 0.200% or less, Nb: 0.200% or less, V: 0.200% or less, Ta: 0.10% or less, W: 0.10% or less, B: 0.0100% or less, Cr: 1.00% or less, Mo: 1.00% or less, Co: 1.000% or less, Ni: 1.00% or less, Cu: 1.00% or less, Sn: 0.200% or less, Sb: 0.200% or less, Ca: 0.0100% or less, Mg: 0.0100% or less, REM: 0.0100% or less, Zr: 0.100% or less, Te: 0.100% or less,
- TS tensile strength
- % representing the content of component elements in the layered product means “% by mass” unless otherwise specified.
- a numerical range represented by “-” means a range including the numerical values before and after "-" as lower and upper limits.
- C 0.030% or more and 0.800% or less C is one of the important basic components of steel. is an element. If the C content is less than 0.030%, the substructure of martensite becomes coarse, the high-angle grain boundary length decreases, and it becomes difficult to achieve good delayed fracture resistance. On the other hand, when the content of C exceeds 0.800%, the tetragonal crystallinity of martensite increases, the volume change due to martensitic transformation during lamination molding increases, and the area ratio of pores increases. Therefore, the content of C is set to 0.030% or more and 0.800% or less. The content of C is preferably 0.050% or more, more preferably 0.070% or more. The C content is preferably 0.700% or less, more preferably 0.650% or less.
- Si 0.01% or more and 2.50% or less Si is one of the important basic components of steel. is an element. If the Si content is less than 0.01%, the effect of suppressing the formation of carbides is insufficient, making it difficult to achieve the desired TS. On the other hand, if the Si content exceeds 2.50%, the steel becomes embrittled and the delayed fracture resistance deteriorates. Therefore, the Si content should be 0.01% or more and 2.50% or less.
- the Si content is preferably 0.05% or more, more preferably 0.10% or more.
- the Si content is preferably 2.00% or less, more preferably 1.80% or less.
- Mn 0.10% or more and 8.00% or less
- Mn is one of the important basic components of steel, and particularly in the present disclosure, it is an important element that affects the area ratio of martensite.
- Mn is an element that improves hardenability. If the Mn content is less than 0.10%, a soft phase such as ferrite is generated during lamination molding, making it difficult to achieve the desired TS. On the other hand, if the content of Mn, which is an austenite-stabilizing element, exceeds 8.00%, retained austenite having a high solid solubility of hydrogen is present, and the delayed fracture resistance deteriorates. Therefore, the Mn content should be 0.10% or more and 8.00% or less.
- the content of Mn is preferably 0.50% or more, more preferably 1.00% or more.
- the Mn content is preferably 6.00% or less, more preferably 5.00% or less.
- the P content is set to 0.100% or less.
- the lower limit of the P content is not specified, it is preferably 0.001% or more because P is a solid-solution strengthening element and can increase the strength of the steel sheet. Therefore, the P content should be 0.100% or less.
- the P content is more preferably 0.001% or more.
- the P content is preferably 0.070% or less.
- S 0.0200% or less S exists as a sulfide and acts as a crack initiation point for hydrogen embrittlement, thereby deteriorating the delayed fracture resistance of the steel sheet. Therefore, the S content is set to 0.0200% or less. Although the lower limit of the S content is not specified, it is preferably 0.0001% or more due to production technology restrictions. Therefore, the S content should be 0.0200% or less. The S content is more preferably 0.0001% or more. The S content is preferably 0.0050% or less.
- Al 0.100% or less
- Al raises the A3 transformation point and contains a large amount of ferrite in the microstructure, making it difficult to achieve the desired TS. Therefore, the Al content is set to 0.100% or less.
- the lower limit of the Al content is not particularly specified, the Al content is preferably 0.001% or more because it suppresses the formation of carbides during additive manufacturing and increases the hardness of martensite. . Therefore, the Al content is set to 0.100% or less.
- the Al content is more preferably 0.001% or more.
- the Al content is preferably 0.050% or less.
- N 0.1000% or less N exists as a nitride and becomes a crack starting point for hydrogen embrittlement, thereby deteriorating the delayed fracture resistance of the steel sheet. Therefore, the N content is set to 0.1000% or less. Although the lower limit of the N content is not specified, it is preferable that the N content is 0.0001% or more due to production technology restrictions. Therefore, the content of N is set to 0.0100% or less. The N content is more preferably 0.0001% or more. The N content is preferably 0.0050% or less.
- O 0.5000% or less O exists as an oxide and becomes a crack starting point for hydrogen embrittlement, thereby deteriorating the delayed fracture resistance of the steel sheet. Therefore, the O content is set to 0.5000% or less. Although the lower limit of the O content is not particularly specified, it is preferable that the O content is 0.0001% or more due to production technology restrictions. Therefore, the O content is set to 0.5000% or less. The content of O is more preferably 0.0001% or more. The O content is preferably 0.4000% or less.
- a high-strength steel sheet according to one embodiment of the present invention has a chemical composition containing the above components, with the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
- the laminate-molded article further contains Ti: 0.200% or less, Nb: 0.200% or less, V: 0.200% or less, and Ta: 0.10% or less in mass%.
- W 0.10% or less
- B 0.0100% or less
- Cr 1.00% or less
- Mo 1.00% or less
- Co 1.000% or less
- Ni 1.00% or less
- Cu a 1.00% or less
- Sn 0.200% or less
- Sb 0.200% or less
- Ca 0.0100% or less
- REM 0.0100% or less
- Zr 0
- At least one element selected from 100% or less, Te: 0.100% or less, Hf: 0.10% or less, and Bi: 0.200% or less may be contained singly or in combination. .
- the contents of Ti, Nb and V are each preferably 0.200% or less.
- the lower limits of the contents of Ti, Nb, and V are not particularly specified, the strength of the steel sheet is increased by forming fine carbides, nitrides, or carbonitrides during additive manufacturing. and V content is more preferably 0.001% or more. Therefore, when Ti, Nb and V are contained, their contents shall each be 0.200% or less.
- the content thereof is more preferably 0.001% or more.
- Ti, Nb and V are contained the content thereof is more preferably 0.100% or less.
- the contents of Ta and W are respectively 0.10% or less.
- the lower limits of the contents of Ta and W are not particularly specified, the strength of the steel sheet is increased by forming fine carbides, nitrides or carbonitrides during additive manufacturing. More preferably, the amount of each is 0.01% or more. Therefore, when Ta and W are contained, the content thereof should be 0.10% or less. When Ta and W are contained, their contents are more preferably 0.01% or more. When Ta and W are contained, the content thereof is more preferably 0.08% or less.
- the B content is preferably 0.0100% or less.
- the lower limit of the B content is not particularly specified, it is an element that segregates at the austenite grain boundary during annealing and improves hardenability, so the content of B is preferably 0.0003% or more. preferable. Therefore, when B is contained, its content shall be 0.0100% or less. When B is contained, its content is more preferably 0.0003% or more. When B is contained, its content is more preferably 0.0080% or less.
- each of Cr, Mo and Ni is 1.00% or less, coarse precipitates and inclusions do not increase and the delayed fracture resistance of the steel sheet is not deteriorated. Therefore, it is preferable that the contents of Cr, Mo and Ni are each set to 1.00% or less. Although the lower limits of the contents of Cr, Mo, and Ni are not particularly specified, it is more preferable that the contents of Cr, Mo, and Ni are each 0.01% or more because they are elements that improve hardenability. . Therefore, when Cr, Mo and Ni are contained, their contents shall each be 1.00% or less. When Cr, Mo and Ni are contained, the content thereof is more preferably 0.01% or more. When Cr, Mo and Ni are contained, the content thereof is more preferably 0.80% or less.
- the Co content is preferably 1.000% or less.
- the Co content is more preferably 0.001% or more because it is an element that improves hardenability. Therefore, when Co is contained, its content shall be 1.000% or less.
- its content is more preferably 0.001% or more.
- Co is contained, its content is more preferably 0.800% or less.
- the Cu content is preferably 1.00% or less.
- the Cu content is more preferably 0.01% or more because it is an element that improves hardenability. Therefore, when Cu is contained, its content shall be 1.00% or less.
- its content is more preferably 0.01% or more.
- Cu is contained, its content is more preferably 0.80% or less.
- the Sn content is preferably 0.200% or less.
- the Sn content is more preferably 0.001% or more because Sn is an element that improves hardenability. Therefore, when Sn is contained, its content is made 0.200% or less. When Sn is contained, its content is more preferably 0.001% or more. When Sn is contained, its content is more preferably 0.100% or less.
- the Sb content is preferably 0.200% or less.
- the content of Sb is more preferably 0.001% or more because it is an element that controls the softened thickness of the surface layer and enables strength adjustment. Therefore, when Sb is contained, the content is made 0.200% or less.
- its content is more preferably 0.001% or more.
- Sb is contained, its content is more preferably 0.100% or less.
- the contents of Ca, Mg and REM are preferably 0.0100% or less.
- the lower limits of the contents of Ca, Mg and REM are not particularly specified, since they are elements that spheroidize the shape of nitrides and sulfides and improve the delayed fracture resistance of steel sheets, Ca, Mg and REM More preferably, the content of each is 0.0005% or more. Therefore, when Ca, Mg and REM are contained, their contents shall each be 0.0100% or less.
- the content thereof is more preferably 0.0005% or more.
- Ca, Mg and REM are contained, their content is more preferably 0.0050% or less.
- the contents of Zr and Te are preferably 0.100% or less.
- the lower limits of the contents of Zr and Te are not particularly specified, but since they are elements that spheroidize the shape of nitrides and sulfides and improve the delayed fracture resistance of steel sheets, the contents of Zr and Te are respectively More preferably 0.001% or more. Therefore, when Zr and Te are contained, their contents shall each be 0.100% or less. When Zr and Te are contained, their contents are more preferably 0.001% or more. When Zr and Te are contained, their contents are more preferably 0.080% or less.
- the Hf content is preferably 0.10% or less.
- the Hf content is 0.01% or more because it is an element that spheroidizes the shape of nitrides and sulfides and improves the delayed fracture resistance of steel sheets. is more preferable. Therefore, when Hf is contained, its content is made 0.10% or less. When Hf is contained, its content is more preferably 0.01% or more. When Hf is contained, its content is more preferably 0.08% or less.
- the Bi content is preferably 0.200% or less.
- the Bi content is more preferably 0.001% or more because it is an element that reduces segregation. Therefore, when Bi is contained, its content shall be 0.200% or less. When Bi is contained, its content is more preferably 0.001% or more. When Bi is contained, its content is more preferably 0.100% or less.
- each content of Ti, Nb, V, Ta, W, B, Cr, Mo, Ni, Co, Cu, Sn, Sb, Ca, Mg, REM, Zr, Te, Hf and Bi is preferable. If it is less than the lower limit, it does not impair the effects of the present invention, so it is included as an unavoidable impurity.
- the area ratio of pores is set to 0.50% or less.
- the area ratio of pores is preferably 0.30% or less, more preferably 0.20% or less. Since the area ratio of pores is preferably low, the lower limit is not particularly limited, and may be 0%.
- the area ratio of the pores was measured by polishing a cross section parallel to the stacking direction of the layered product, and then observing five fields of view at a magnification of 100 times using an optical microscope. - Calculate the pore area ratio for 5 visual fields using Pro, and average the values.
- Area ratio of martensite 90% or more
- the area ratio of martensite is 90% or more. If the area ratio of martensite is less than 90%, depending on the type of residual structure, 980 MPa or more TS or delayed fracture resistance is inferior.
- the area ratio of martensite is preferably 95% or more.
- the martensite referred to herein includes quenched martensite and tempered martensite.
- the upper limit of the area ratio of martensite is not particularly limited, and may be 100%.
- the area ratio of martensite is determined as follows. After polishing the plate thickness cross-section parallel to the stacking direction, 3 vol. % nital, 10 fields of view were observed at a magnification of 2000 times using a SEM (scanning electron microscope) at a position 300 ⁇ m away from the top layer in the stacking direction, and the resulting tissue image was used by Media Cybernetics. Image-Pro can be used to calculate the area ratio of each structure (fresh martensite and tempered martensite) for 10 visual fields, and average those values. In the above structure images, the quenched martensite exhibits a white structure, and the tempered martensite exhibits a structure having a gray internal structure inside the white martensite.
- Average aspect ratio of prior austenite grains 1.5 or more By setting the average aspect ratio of prior austenite grains to 1.5 or more, it is possible to suppress the progression of cracks due to hydrogen embrittlement and obtain excellent delayed fracture resistance. can.
- the average aspect ratio of the prior austenite grains is preferably 2.0 or more.
- the upper limit of the average aspect ratio of the prior austenite grains is not particularly limited, it is preferably 20.0 or less.
- the average aspect ratio of the prior austenite grains was reproduced from the IPF (Inverse Pole Figure) map of martensite obtained by EBSD (Electron Backscattered Diffraction) measurement to the IPF map of austenite at a position 300 ⁇ m away from the uppermost layer in the stacking direction. It is calculated by carrying out construction and then drawing an ellipse circumscribing the reconstructed austenite grain and dividing its major axis length by its minor axis length.
- the value obtained by dividing the high angle grain boundary length L HA by the grain boundary length L with a misorientation angle of 20 ° or more and 50 ° or less L HA / L is 2.0 or more High angle grain boundary (HAGB) length divided by the length of the grain boundary where the misorientation angle is 20° or more and 50° or less is 2.0 or more.
- HAGB High angle grain boundary
- Grain boundaries with a misorientation angle of 20° or more and 50° or less in the martensite structure describe most of the prior austenite grain boundaries.
- the high-angle grain boundary referred to here is a grain boundary having a misorientation angle of 15° or more and 65° or less, and includes not only former austenite grain boundaries but also substructure interfaces such as lath boundaries, block boundaries and packet boundaries.
- the value obtained by dividing the high-angle grain boundary length by the grain boundary length with a misorientation angle of 20° or more and 50° or less must be 2.0 or more.
- the value obtained by dividing the high-angle grain boundary length by the grain boundary length with a misorientation angle of 20° or more and 50° or less is preferably 2.1 or more, more preferably 2.2 or more, and still more preferably 2.5 or more. be.
- the high-angle grain boundary length and the grain boundary length with a misorientation angle of 20° or more and 50° or less are measured by EBSD (Electron Backscattered Diffraction) at a position 300 ⁇ m away from the top layer in the stacking direction at a magnification of 1000 times. and evaluated.
- EBSD Electro Backscattered Diffraction
- the steel structure of the laminate-molded product contains, in addition to martensite, a residual structure of ferrite, bainite, retained austenite, and cementite in a total area ratio of 10% or less, the effects of the present disclosure are impaired. no.
- the tensile strength of the layered product is 980 MPa or more.
- the tensile strength of the laminate-molded article is preferably 1080 MPa or more.
- the tensile strength is measured by taking a JIS No. 5 test piece parallel to the stacking direction of the layered product and performing a tensile test in accordance with JIS Z 2241 (2011).
- a step of spreading metal powder having the above-described component composition on a stage The step of irradiating the metal powder spread on the stage with a heat source while scanning is repeated.
- the manufacturing method which repeats the process of spreading the metal powder on the stage and the process of irradiating the metal powder spread on the stage while scanning the heat source, is based on the powder bed method.
- Metal powder is spread on a stage in layers, and the metal powder spread on the stage is irradiated with a scanning heat source.
- the irradiation of the heat source melts and solidifies the metal powder at the irradiated portion to form a metal layer.
- the metal powder including the solidified metal layer is covered with the metal powder again, and the heat source is scanned again to irradiate, and then the metal powder is covered.
- the step of irradiating the spread metal powder while scanning the heat source are repeated in this order.
- a layered product is formed by this layered manufacturing.
- a heat source is a laser beam or an electron beam.
- a laser beam or an electron beam can be used as the heat source.
- the irradiation energy density of the heat source is 60 J/mm 3 or more and 500 J/mm 3 or less If the irradiation energy density of the heat source is less than 60 J/mm 3 , the metal powder cannot be sufficiently melted, and the metal powder is left in the solidified object. A large number of pores originating from the gaps are formed. Therefore, it is necessary to set the irradiation energy density of the heat source to 60 J/mm 3 or more. In addition, when the irradiation energy density exceeds 500 J / mm 3 , the thermal effect on the region that has already been layered and manufactured becomes significant, the morphology of the prior austenite grains becomes spherical, the desired average aspect ratio cannot be obtained, and the delayed fracture resistance deteriorates.
- the irradiation energy density of the heat source is 60 J/mm 3 or more and 500 J/mm 3 or less.
- the irradiation energy density of the heat source is preferably 70 J/mm 3 or more.
- the irradiation energy density of the heat source is preferably 400 J/mm 3 or less.
- the irradiation energy density of the heat source is calculated by the following formula.
- Ev irradiation energy density (J/mm 3 )
- P heat source output (W)
- v scanning speed (mm/s)
- h scanning space (mm)
- t layer pitch (mm).
- the output of the heat source is preferably 50 W or more, and preferably 500 W or less. If the output of the heat source is 500 W or less, the melted portion of the metal powder being irradiated with the heat source can be prevented from becoming too deep, and the formation of pores called keyholes during solidification of the melted portion can be more suitably prevented. It's for. Moreover, if the output of the heat source is 50 W or more, the metal powder can be sufficiently melted, and the pore area ratio of the laminate-molded article can be more preferably reduced.
- the scanning speed of the heat source is preferably 300 mm/s or more, and preferably 2000 mm/s or less. If the scanning speed of the heat source is 2000 mm/s or less, the metal powder is suitably melted, and the pore area ratio of the layered product can be further reduced. Further, if the scanning speed of the heat source is 300 mm/s or more, it is possible to suitably prevent the melted portion of the metal from becoming too deep during the irradiation of the heat source, and to more suitably prevent the generation of keyholes.
- the scanning space is the distance between adjacent irradiation positions (the distance between the center positions of beams, lasers, etc.) for the scanning heat source.
- the scanning space is preferably 0.05 mm or more and preferably 0.20 mm or less. If the scanning space is 0.20 mm or less, it is possible to more preferably melt the spread metal powder over the entire surface when irradiating with the heat source, and the area ratio of pores can be further reduced. Further, if the scanning space is 0.05 mm or more, it is possible to suitably prevent the molten portion of the metal being irradiated with the heat source from becoming deep, and more suitably prevent the generation of keyholes during solidification.
- the lamination pitch is the "thickness of the metal powder layer for each layer" that is laid out during lamination molding.
- the lamination pitch is preferably 0.01 mm or more, and preferably 0.10 mm or less. If the lamination pitch is 0.10 mm or less, the heat is easily conducted to the entire spread metal powder when irradiated with the heat source, and the metal powder melts more preferably, and the pore area ratio can be further reduced. Moreover, if the lamination pitch is 0.01 mm or more, the number of laminations is prevented from becoming too large, and the time required for lamination molding is shortened.
- the atmosphere during lamination molding can be, for example, an inert atmosphere such as argon gas, or nitrogen gas. It can also be under reduced pressure environment (including vacuum). In particular, when an electron beam is used as a heat source, it is preferable to set the atmosphere during modeling to a reduced pressure environment (including vacuum).
- the method of manufacturing the metal powder is not particularly limited, and a known method may be used.
- the atomization method is generally used, and there are methods such as the water atomization method, the gas atomization method, and the centrifugal atomization method.
- the average particle diameter (median diameter) of the metal powder is preferably 20 ⁇ m or more and preferably 200 ⁇ m or less. If the average particle diameter of the metal powder is 20 ⁇ m or more, it is possible to suitably suppress the increase in the adhesive force between the metal particles to keep the fluidity of the powder within a suitable range, thereby uniformly spreading the metal powder on the stage. Easy. Moreover, if the average particle diameter of the metal powder is 200 ⁇ m or less, it is possible to suitably prevent the gaps between the metal powders from becoming too large, thereby further improving the mechanical properties in the laminate-molded article.
- the shape of the layered product is not particularly limited.
- Laminated articles can be, for example, automotive parts and laminations.
- Various coating treatments such as resin and oil coating can also be applied to the laminate-molded article.
- Plating treatment and various painting treatments can be applied singly or in combination.
- a metal powder having the component composition shown in Table 1 and the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities was prepared.
- Table 1 shows the manufacturing method and average particle size of the metal powder.
- the metal powder is supplied to a laminate molding apparatus, and laminate molding is performed by a powder bed method under the conditions shown in Table 2 to obtain a plate thickness of 1.4 mm, a hat length of 200 mm, a hat width of 70 mm, a hat height of 30 mm, and a shoulder portion.
- a hat member having an R of 4 mm was molded. Laminated molding was performed so that the stacking direction coincided with the hat height.
- the steel structure of the obtained hat member was observed by the method described above, and the tensile strength and delayed fracture resistance properties were investigated, and the results are shown in Table 2.
- a tensile test was performed by taking a JIS No. 5 test piece from the position of the bottom of the hat of the obtained member, performing it in accordance with JIS Z 2241 (2011), and measuring the TS (tensile strength).
- All of the laminate-molded articles of the invention examples have a TS of 980 MPa or more, and laminate-molded articles excellent in delayed fracture resistance are obtained. On the other hand, in the comparative example, at least one of TS and delayed fracture resistance is inferior.
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Abstract
Description
C:0.030%以上0.800%以下、
Si:0.01%以上2.50%以下、
Mn:0.10%以上8.00%以下、
P:0.100%以下、
S:0.0200%以下、
Al:0.100%以下、
N:0.1000%以下、および
O:0.5000%以下、
を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる成分組成と、
気孔の面積率が0.50%以下であり、
前記気孔を除く領域においてマルテンサイトが面積率で90%以上であり、
旧オーステナイト粒の平均アスペクト比が1.5以上であり、
高角粒界長さLHAをミスオリエンテーション角が20°以上50°以下の粒界長さLで除した値LHA/Lが2.0以上である鋼組織と
を有する、積層造形物。
Ti:0.200%以下、
Nb:0.200%以下、
V:0.200%以下、
Ta:0.10%以下、
W:0.10%以下、
B:0.0100%以下、
Cr:1.00%以下、
Mo:1.00%以下、
Co:1.000%以下、
Ni:1.00%以下、
Cu:1.00%以下、
Sn:0.200%以下、
Sb:0.200%以下、
Ca:0.0100%以下、
Mg:0.0100%以下、
REM:0.0100%以下、
Zr:0.100%以下、
Te:0.100%以下、
Hf:0.10%以下、および
Bi:0.200%以下
のうちから選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素を含有する、前記[1]に記載の積層造形物。
前記[1]または[2]に記載の成分組成を有する金属粉末をステージ上に敷き詰める工程と、
前記ステージ上に敷き詰めた前記金属粉末に熱源を走査しながら照射する工程と、
を繰り返し行う、積層造形物の製造方法。
Cは、鋼の重要な基本成分の1つであり、特に本開示では、マルテンサイトの面積率及びマルテンサイトの下部組織の構造に影響する重要な元素である。Cの含有量が0.030%未満では、マルテンサイトの下部組織が粗大となり、高角粒界長さが減少し、良好な耐遅れ破壊特性を実現することが困難になる。一方、Cの含有量が0.800%を超えると、マルテンサイトの正方晶性が増加し、積層造形時にマルテンサイト変態による体積変化が大きくなり、気孔の面積率が増加する。したがって、Cの含有量は、0.030%以上0.800%以下とする。Cの含有量は、好ましくは0.050%以上、より好ましくは0.070%以上とする。Cの含有量は、好ましくは0.700%以下、より好ましくは0.650%以下とする。
Siは、鋼の重要な基本成分の1つであり、特に本開示では、積層造形中の炭化物生成を抑制し、マルテンサイトの硬さに影響する元素である。Siの含有量が0.01%未満では、炭化物の生成を抑制する効果が不十分で所望のTSを実現することが困難になる。一方、Siの含有量が2.50%を超えると、脆化し、耐遅れ破壊特性が劣化する。したがって、Siの含有量は、0.01%以上2.50%以下とする。Siの含有量は、好ましくは0.05%以上、より好ましくは0.10%以上とする。Siの含有量は、好ましくは2.00%以下、より好ましくは1.80%以下とする。
Mnは、鋼の重要な基本成分の1つであり、特に本開示では、マルテンサイトの面積率に影響する重要な元素である。また、Mnは、焼入れ性を向上させる元素である。Mnの含有量が0.10%未満であると、積層造形中にフェライトなどの軟質相が生成し、所望のTSを実現することが困難になる。一方、オーステナイト安定化元素であるMnの含有量が8.00%を超えると、水素の固溶度が大きい残留オーステナイトが存在し、耐遅れ破壊特性が劣化する。したがって、Mnの含有量は、0.10%以上8.00%以下とする。Mnの含有量は、好ましくは、0.50%以上、より好ましくは、1.00%以上である。Mnの含有量は、好ましくは6.00%以下、より好ましくは5.00%以下である。
Pは、旧オーステナイト粒界に偏析して粒界を脆化させるため、耐遅れ破壊特性が劣化する。そのため、Pの含有量は0.100%以下とする。なお、Pの含有量の下限は特に規定しないが、Pは固溶強化元素であり、鋼板の強度を上昇させることができることから、0.001%以上とすることが好ましい。したがって、Pの含有量は、0.100%以下とする。Pの含有量は、より好ましくは0.001%以上とする。Pの含有量は、好ましくは0.070%以下とする。
Sは、硫化物として存在し、水素脆化の割れ起点となることから鋼板の耐遅れ破壊特性が劣化する。そのため、Sの含有量は0.0200%以下にする。なお、Sの含有量の下限は特に規定しないが、生産技術上の制約から、0.0001%以上とすることが好ましい。したがって、Sの含有量は0.0200%以下とする。Sの含有量は、より好ましくは0.0001%以上とする。Sの含有量は、好ましくは0.0050%以下とする。
Alは、A3変態点を上昇し、ミクロ組織中に多量のフェライトを含んでしまうため、所望のTSを実現することが困難になる。そのため、Alの含有量は0.100%以下にする。なお、Alの含有量の下限は特に規定しないが、積層造形中の炭化物生成を抑制し、マルテンサイトの硬さを増加させることから、Alの含有量は0.001%以上とすることが好ましい。したがって、Alの含有量は0.100%以下とする。Alの含有量は、より好ましくは0.001%以上とする。Alの含有量は、好ましくは0.050%以下とする。
Nは、窒化物として存在し、水素脆化の割れ起点となり鋼板の耐遅れ破壊特性を劣化させる。そのため、Nの含有量は0.1000%以下にする。なお、Nの含有量の下限は特に規定しないが、生産技術上の制約から、Nの含有量は0.0001%以上とすることが好ましい。したがって、Nの含有量は0.0100%以下とする。Nの含有量は、より好ましくは0.0001%以上とする。Nの含有量は、好ましくは0.0050%以下とする。
Oは、酸化物として存在し、水素脆化の割れ起点となり鋼板の耐遅れ破壊特性を劣化させる。そのため、Oの含有量は0.5000%以下にする。なお、Oの含有量の下限は特に規定しないが、生産技術上の制約から、Oの含有量は0.0001%以上とすることが好ましい。したがって、Oの含有量は0.5000%以下とする。Oの含有量は、より好ましくは0.0001%以上とする。Oの含有量は、好ましくは0.4000%以下とする。
気孔の面積率が0.50%超となると、変形時に気孔を起点として早期に割れが発生するため、所望のTSが実現できない。そのため、980MPa以上のTSを確保するために、気孔の面積率を0.50%以下にする。気孔の面積率は、好ましくは、0.30%以下、より好ましくは0.20%以下である。気孔の面積率は低いことが好ましいことから、下限は特に限定されず、0%であってもよい。
マルテンサイトの面積率は90%以上とする。マルテンサイトの面積率が90%を下回る場合、残部組織の種類によって、980MPa以上のTS又は耐遅れ破壊特性が劣位となる。マルテンサイトの面積率は、好ましくは95%以上である。また、ここで云うマルテンサイトは焼入れマルテンサイトおよび焼戻しマルテンサイトを云う。マルテンサイトの面積率の上限は特に限定されず、100%であってもよい。
旧オーステナイト粒の平均アスペクト比を1.5以上とすることで、水素脆化による割れの進展を抑制でき、優れた耐遅れ破壊特性を得ることができる。旧オーステナイト粒の平均アスペクト比は、好ましくは、2.0以上とする。旧オーステナイト粒の平均アスペクト比の上限は特に限定されないが、好ましくは20.0以下である。
高角粒界(high angle grain boundary:HAGB)長さをミスオリエンテーション角が20°以上50°以下の粒界長さで除した値が2.0以上であることは、重要な構成案件である。マルテンサイト組織におけるミスオリエンテーション角が20°以上50°以下の粒界は旧オーステナイト粒界のほとんどを記述する。一方、ここでいう高角粒界とはミスオリエンテーション角が15°以上65°以下の粒界であり、旧オーステナイト粒界に加え、ラス境界、ブロック境界およびパケット境界といった下部組織の界面を含む。割れが発生しやすい旧オーステナイト粒界に対し、ラス境界、ブロック境界およびパケット境界の割合が高いほど、これらの境界が割れの進展を抑制するため、耐遅れ破壊特性が良好になる。したがって、良好な耐遅れ破壊特性を確保するために、高角粒界長さをミスオリエンテーション角が20°以上50°以下の粒界長さで除した値が2.0以上である必要がある。高角粒界長さをミスオリエンテーション角が20°以上50°以下の粒界長さで除した値は、好ましくは2.1以上、より好ましくは2.2以上、さらに好ましくは2.5以上である。
一実施形態に係る積層造形物の製造条件においては、上述した成分組成を有する金属粉末をステージ上に敷き詰める工程と、
前記ステージ上に敷き詰めた前記金属粉末に熱源を走査しながら照射する工程と
を繰り返し行う。
ステージ上に敷き詰めた金属粉末に熱源を走査しながら照射する工程において、熱源としては、レーザービームまたは電子ビームを利用することができる。
熱源の照射エネルギー密度が60J/mm3未満だと、金属粉末を十分に溶融できなくなり、凝固後の造形物中には、金属粉末の隙間に由来する気孔が多く形成されてしまう。したがって、熱源の照射エネルギー密度が60J/mm3以上とする必要がある。また、照射エネルギー密度が500J/mm3超となるとすでに積層造形された領域への熱影響が顕著となり、旧オーステナイト粒の形態が球状化し、所望の平均アスペクト比が得られず、耐遅れ破壊特性が劣化する。したがって、熱源の照射エネルギー密度は60J/mm3以上500J/mm3以下とする。熱源の照射エネルギー密度は、好ましくは70J/mm3以上とする。また、熱源の照射エネルギー密度は、好ましくは400J/mm3以下とする。
Ev=P/(h×v×t)
ここで、Ev:照射エネルギー密度(J/mm3)、P:熱源出力(W)、v:走査スピード(mm/s)、h:走査スペース(mm)、t:積層ピッチ(mm)である。
Claims (5)
- 質量%で、
C:0.030%以上0.800%以下、
Si:0.01%以上2.50%以下、
Mn:0.10%以上8.00%以下、
P:0.100%以下、
S:0.0200%以下、
Al:0.100%以下、
N:0.1000%以下、および
O:0.5000%以下、
を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる成分組成と、
気孔の面積率が0.50%以下であり、
前記気孔を除く領域においてマルテンサイトが面積率で90%以上であり、
旧オーステナイト粒の平均アスペクト比が1.5以上であり、
高角粒界長さLHAをミスオリエンテーション角が20°以上50°以下の粒界長さLで除した値LHA/Lが2.0以上である鋼組織と
を有する、積層造形物。 - 前記成分組成は、さらに、質量%で、
Ti:0.200%以下、
Nb:0.200%以下、
V:0.200%以下、
Ta:0.10%以下、
W:0.10%以下、
B:0.0100%以下、
Cr:1.00%以下、
Mo:1.00%以下、
Co:1.000%以下、
Ni:1.00%以下、
Cu:1.00%以下、
Sn:0.200%以下、
Sb:0.200%以下、
Ca:0.0100%以下、
Mg:0.0100%以下、
REM:0.0100%以下、
Zr:0.100%以下、
Te:0.100%以下、
Hf:0.10%以下、および
Bi:0.200%以下
のうちから選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素を含有する、請求項1に記載の積層造形物。 - 請求項1または2に記載の積層造形物の製造方法であって、
請求項1または2に記載の成分組成を有する金属粉末をステージ上に敷き詰める工程と、
前記ステージ上に敷き詰めた前記金属粉末に熱源を走査しながら照射する工程と、
を繰り返し行う、積層造形物の製造方法。 - 前記熱源がレーザービームまたは電子ビームである、請求項3に記載の積層造形物の製造方法。
- 前記熱源の照射エネルギー密度が60J/mm3以上500J/mm3以下である、請求項3または4に記載の積層造形物の製造方法。
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| JP7699740B1 (ja) * | 2024-01-12 | 2025-06-27 | 日本鋳造株式会社 | 機械的特性に優れる鉄基合金およびその製造方法 |
| WO2025150253A1 (ja) * | 2024-01-12 | 2025-07-17 | 日本鋳造株式会社 | 機械的特性に優れる鉄基合金およびその製造方法 |
| EP4613891A1 (en) * | 2024-03-08 | 2025-09-10 | SSAB Technology AB | Steel powder for use in additive manufacturing processes |
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| JP2017179540A (ja) * | 2016-03-31 | 2017-10-05 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 熱延鋼板およびその製造方法 |
| JP2017179589A (ja) * | 2016-03-29 | 2017-10-05 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | ホットプレス用鋼板およびその製造方法、ならびにホットプレス部材およびその製造方法 |
| WO2019220917A1 (ja) * | 2018-05-14 | 2019-11-21 | 日立金属株式会社 | 積層造形熱間工具およびその製造方法、ならびに、積層造形熱間工具用金属粉末 |
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| JP2017179589A (ja) * | 2016-03-29 | 2017-10-05 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | ホットプレス用鋼板およびその製造方法、ならびにホットプレス部材およびその製造方法 |
| JP2017179540A (ja) * | 2016-03-31 | 2017-10-05 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 熱延鋼板およびその製造方法 |
| WO2019220917A1 (ja) * | 2018-05-14 | 2019-11-21 | 日立金属株式会社 | 積層造形熱間工具およびその製造方法、ならびに、積層造形熱間工具用金属粉末 |
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| JP7699740B1 (ja) * | 2024-01-12 | 2025-06-27 | 日本鋳造株式会社 | 機械的特性に優れる鉄基合金およびその製造方法 |
| WO2025150253A1 (ja) * | 2024-01-12 | 2025-07-17 | 日本鋳造株式会社 | 機械的特性に優れる鉄基合金およびその製造方法 |
| EP4613891A1 (en) * | 2024-03-08 | 2025-09-10 | SSAB Technology AB | Steel powder for use in additive manufacturing processes |
| WO2025185936A1 (en) * | 2024-03-08 | 2025-09-12 | Ssab Technology Ab | Steel powder for use in additive manufacturing processes |
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