WO2023152437A1 - Dispositif et procede de preparation d'une eau de refroidissement a la demande - Google Patents
Dispositif et procede de preparation d'une eau de refroidissement a la demande Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023152437A1 WO2023152437A1 PCT/FR2023/050139 FR2023050139W WO2023152437A1 WO 2023152437 A1 WO2023152437 A1 WO 2023152437A1 FR 2023050139 W FR2023050139 W FR 2023050139W WO 2023152437 A1 WO2023152437 A1 WO 2023152437A1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
- B22D11/049—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds for direct chill casting, e.g. electromagnetic casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
- B22D11/124—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for cooling
- B22D11/1245—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for cooling using specific cooling agents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/001—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of specific alloys
- B22D11/003—Aluminium alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
- B22D11/124—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for cooling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
- B22D11/22—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for cooling cast stock or mould
- B22D11/225—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for cooling cast stock or mould for secondary cooling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/008—Control or steering systems not provided for elsewhere in subclass C02F
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/42—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/20—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by degassing, i.e. liberation of dissolved gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/68—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/42—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
- C02F2001/425—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange using cation exchangers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/02—Non-contaminated water, e.g. for industrial water supply
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/16—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from metallurgical processes, i.e. from the production, refining or treatment of metals, e.g. galvanic wastes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/02—Temperature
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/05—Conductivity or salinity
- C02F2209/055—Hardness
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/06—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment pH
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/16—Regeneration of sorbents, filters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for preparing cooling water intended to cool a product during a metallurgical transformation operation and in particular for casting applications of foundry parts, for example in a process for casting a product, preferably aluminum alloy.
- the invention also relates to a casting device comprising a device for preparing cooling water.
- the object of the present invention is to propose a solution which responds to all or part of the aforementioned problems.
- This object can be achieved thanks to the implementation of a method for preparing cooling water to cool a product during a metallurgical transformation operation and in particular for applications of semi-continuous casting of foundry products, the method preparation comprising the following steps:
- the analysis step makes it possible to determine at least one useful parameter chosen from the group comprising a calcium concentration (THCa), a magnesium concentration (THMg), a complete alkalimetric titer (TAC), an alkalimetric titer ( TA), a hydrotimetric title (TH), a concentration of chloride ions (CCI), sulphates (CS), bromides (CBr), sodium (CNa) and a pH.
- the target composition (cfc) can therefore be identical to the analysis result or equal to +/-10%, preferably +/-5% of the analysis result.
- each of the first composition (cl), of the second composition (c2), of the mixture composition (cml), and of the final target composition (cfc), is defined by at least one useful parameter chosen from the group comprising a calcium concentration (THCa), a magnesium concentration (THMg), a complete alkalimetric title (TAC), an alkalimetric title (TA), a hydrotimetric title (TH), a chloride ion concentration (CCI), sulfates (CS), bromides (CBr), sodium (CNa) and
- industrial water solution is meant an industrial water having a conductivity less than or equal to 2000 pS/cm, preferably comprised from 100 pS/cm to 2000 pS/cm.
- the hydrotimetric title of the industrial water is less than or equal to 80°f, preferably less than or equal to 50°f.
- Industrial water refers to water used for industrial purposes, as opposed to domestic water and agricultural water.
- solution of water treated on a cationic ion exchanger is meant a solution with a conductivity greater than or equal to 100 pS/cm, which is either decarbonated water such as TH ⁇ TAC + 3°f, or permuted water such TH ⁇ 3°f, where TH and TAC are respectively the titer hydrotimetric and the alkalimetric title of the water solution treated on the cationic ion exchanger considered, expressed in French degrees.
- solution of demineralized water is meant a solution having a conductivity of less than or equal to 100 pS/cm.
- Demineralised water is water that no longer contains any ions in solution (such as Ca2+ or HCO3-...), nor any dissolved neutral mineral substances (hydroxides of aluminum (Al(OH)3) or iron).
- (III) Fe(OH)3), dissolved silica (Si(OH)4).
- the hydrotimetric title of demineralized water is less than or equal to l°f.
- aqueous solution containing Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ ions is meant a solution whose conductivity is greater than or equal to 20 pS/cm, and such that its hydrotimetric titer TH is greater than 50°f.
- the hydrometric title TH of the aqueous solution containing Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ ions is at least five (5) times greater than the hydrometric title of the industrial water solution.
- aqueous solution containing Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ ions is meant a solution whose concentration of Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ ions is greater than the concentration of Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ ions of the solution of industrial water, water solution treated on a cationic ion exchanger, demineralised water solution. Furthermore, and advantageously, the use of the aqueous solution containing Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ ions makes it possible to produce more easily and on demand, cooling water having a composition close to the final target composition. In fact, the use of the aqueous solution containing Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ ions is particularly advantageous when water that is harder than the available industrial water is needed, or else to stabilize a water composition by in relation to seasonal variations.
- the preparation process may additionally have one or more of the following characteristics, taken alone or in combination.
- the supply step comprises the supply of a third or a fourth chosen aqueous solution distinct from each other and distinct from the first aqueous solution and from the second aqueous solution, said third or fourth aqueous solution being selected from the group consisting of:
- the first mixing step comprises mixing the third and/or the fourth aqueous solution with the first and the second aqueous solution. It is therefore clearly understood that the phase of mixing the first volume of the first aqueous solution and the second volume of the second aqueous solution is not limiting and that it can also comprise the mixing of a number of volumes of aqueous solutions distinct greater than two.
- the cooling water is obtained by a mixture of four volumes of aqueous solutions, each volume of aqueous solution coming respectively from the industrial water solution, from the water solution treated on an ion exchanger cations, demineralized water solution, and aqueous solution containing Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ ions.
- the final target composition corresponds to the composition of a cooling water available on an industrial production site, for example a casting production site.
- the calculation step is implemented by a calculation unit configured to calculate the first volume of the first aqueous solution and the second volume of the second aqueous solution so as to minimize a difference between said at least a useful parameter defining the mixture composition and said at least one useful parameter defining the target final composition.
- the calculation unit makes it possible to make choices of priority on the precision of one of the useful parameters with respect to others. In this way, it is possible to implement the preparation method in the case where there is no single or exact mathematical solution for the preparation of cooling water having a composition close to the final target composition.
- each of the first composition, of the second composition, of the mixture composition, and of the final target composition is defined by a plurality of useful parameters
- the calculation step can then be implemented by weighting each useful parameter of said plurality of useful parameters by a weighting coefficient.
- the mixing phase comprises:
- the mixing phase comprises a second mixing step in which at least one correction element chosen from the group consisting of a volume of the industrial water solution, a volume of the water solution treated on the cationic ion exchanger, a volume of the demineralized water solution, a volume of the aqueous solution containing Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ ions, a mass of salt, and a mass of pH correctors, is mixed with the mixture solution so as to manufacture a corrected mixture volume of a corrected mixture solution characterized by a corrected mixture composition which is defined by at least one useful parameter, said at least one correction element being chosen so that a corrected difference between a corrected value of said at least one useful parameter defining the corrected mixture composition and said target value is less than the initial difference.
- at least one correction element chosen from the group consisting of a volume of the industrial water solution, a volume of the water solution treated on the cationic ion exchanger, a volume of the demineralized water solution, a volume of the aqueous solution containing Mg 2+
- the second mixing step is implemented as long as the corrected difference is greater than the threshold difference.
- the control step includes determining the corrected difference.
- the threshold difference can be equal to 10% of the target value.
- At least one mixing step from among the first mixing step and the second mixing step is implemented so as to maintain the corrected mixing solution at a temperature between 10°C and 35°C, preferably between 12°C and 30°C.
- the preparation process further comprises a step of providing at least one addition element chosen from the group comprising salts and pH correctors, the first mixing step further comprising the the act of mixing a mass of addition element, said mass of addition element being determined according to the first composition and the second composition, and the target final composition.
- the salts and pH correctors comprise: sodium chloride NaCI, sodium bicarbonate NaHCOs, sodium carbonate Na2CÜ3, calcium chloride CaCL, magnesium sulfate MgSO 4 , magnesium chloride MgCL , and sodium bromide NaBr.
- the mass of addition element is diluted in an aqueous solution before the first mixing step during a dilution step.
- the mass of addition element can be diluted in part of the solution of deionized water.
- the solution of water treated on a cationic ion exchanger is decarbonated water obtained according to the following steps:
- degassing step in which water leaving the cation exchanger is degassed, so as to obtain decarbonated water.
- said weak cationic resin is capable of capturing divalent cations of calcium Ca 2+ or of magnesium Mg 2+ bound to carbonate or bicarbonate ions.
- the degassing step comprises the degassing of water loaded with dissolved carbonic acid (coming from carbonates and bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium) leaving the cation exchanger.
- the degassing step is implemented naturally, leaving the water leaving the cation exchanger in the open air.
- the degassing step is implemented in a degassing column.
- the degassing step is implemented by subjecting the water leaving the cation exchanger to successive cascades, or by mixing, stirring, bubbling, or by using a column trickling degassing system in which air is injected against the current.
- the solution of water treated on a cationic ion exchanger is permuted water obtained according to the following steps:
- said strong cationic resin is capable of capturing divalent calcium Ca 2+ or magnesium Mg 2+ cations bound to carbonate or bicarbonate ions.
- the use of strong cationic resin to obtain the water solution treated on the cationic ion exchanger is advantageous in the case where the industrial water solution is not very calcareous and of low alkalinity. It is possible to use a salt regeneration mode (softener type) or a dilute strong acid regeneration mode (cations totally permuted by H3O+ ions). If a salt regeneration mode, such as NaCI or Na2SO4, is used, the permuted water can also be called “softened water”.
- Softened water is water in which the Ca2+ and Mg2+ cations have been replaced by Na+ from the resin. If a dilute strong acid regeneration method is used, the permuted water can also be called “water whose cations are all permuted by hydronium H ⁇ O+ ions”. This water is a water in which the Ca2+ and Mg2+ cations have been replaced by the hydronium H3O+ ions coming from the resin.
- the step of charging on weak or strong cationic resin comprises a step of detecting the level of charge, in which a measurement of variation in the pH or of another parameter of the water present at the outlet of the cation exchanger is carried out, so as to deduce therefrom (for example for future cycles) the charge level of the cation exchanger at any time.
- the demineralized water solution is obtained by a demineralization step in which part of the solution of decarbonated water or permuted water is demineralized by a process of reverse osmosis or of exchange of ions on a demineralization resin so as to obtain the demineralized water solution.
- the demineralization process conventionally comprises a permutation operation on a strong cationic resin, degassing and an anion permutation operation on one or two anionic resins (depending on the composition of the water and in particular its alkalinity).
- the step of permutation on a cationic resin is not necessary to obtain demineralised water.
- the aqueous solution containing Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ ions is obtained during an elution step in which a strong acid is circulated in the cation exchanger, so that ions Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ captured by the weak cationic resin or by the strong cationic resin are dissolved, so as to produce the aqueous solution containing Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ ions.
- the elution step comprises a measurement step in which a pH of the aqueous solution containing Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ ions is measured, so as to optimize the quantity of acid used, and so as to optimize the regeneration of the cation exchanger.
- a quantity of strong acid added during the elution step is defined relative to a volume of weak or strong cationic resin to be treated.
- Such a quantity of strong acid can for example form part of the technical data of the cationic resin used, said data specifying the volume and the concentration of strong acid necessary to regenerate said cationic resin.
- the aqueous solution containing Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ ions is obtained by withdrawing a partial quantity of the solution obtained during the elution step.
- a partial quantity may correspond to a quantity of water produced at the start of the elution step.
- the rest of the water produced during the elution step necessary for the regeneration of the cation exchanger is then treated and rejected.
- the strong acid is hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, preferably diluted between 2 and 10% in water.
- the strong acid is a sulfuric acid
- the aqueous solution containing Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ ions obtained at the elution stage contains dissolved CaSO 4 and MgSO 4 salts.
- the elution step is implemented after the step of loading on weak cationic resin or after the step of loading on strong cationic resin. It is therefore well understood that the elution and charging steps make it possible to alternately vary the cation exchanger between the regenerated configuration and the charged configuration.
- the preparation method further comprises a second analysis step in which at least one useful parameter of the industrial water solution chosen from the group comprising a calcium concentration, a magnesium concentration, a titer complete alkalimeter, an alkalimetric title, a hydrotimetric title, and a pH is measured.
- the second analysis step can be implemented to determine a useful parameter of the water solution treated on a cationic ion exchanger, or on the demineralized water solution, or on the aqueous solution containing Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ ions.
- the object of the invention can also be achieved by using a cooling water obtained according to the preparation process described above, and characterized by said composition final target, to cool a product in a metallurgical processing step, such as casting, quenching, or hot rolling.
- the object of the invention can also be achieved by implementing a method for casting a product, preferably in aluminum alloy, comprising the following steps:
- a bath of liquid metal preferably of aluminum alloy, comprising, in% by weight, Cu: 0-6.0; Mg: 0-8; If 0-12; Zn 0 - 12; others ⁇ 3 each and ⁇ 10 in total, rest aluminium,
- said liquid metal is cast, preferably by semi-continuous vertical casting such that, during a casting start-up phase, a first cooling water characterized by a first mixture composition obtained according to preparation process described above.
- the casting process according to the invention comprises the preparation process defined above.
- each of the first composition (cl), of the second composition (c2), of the mixture composition (cml), and of the final target composition (cfc), is defined by at least one useful parameter chosen from the group comprising a calcium concentration ( THCa), a magnesium concentration (THMg), a complete alkalimetric title (TAC), an alkalimetric title (TA), a hydrotimetric title (TH), a concentration of chloride ions (CCI), sulphates (CS), bromides (CBr), sodium ( CNa) and a pH ,
- the preparation process may also have one or more characteristics presented above.
- the casting process may further have one or more of the following characteristics, taken alone or in combination.
- the casting process comprises a steady-state casting phase at the end of the casting start-up phase, characterized in that during the steady-state casting phase, a second cooling water is used characterized by a second composition, different from the first cooling water.
- this second cooling water is obtained according to the preparation process.
- this second composition is a second mixture composition obtained according to the preparation process.
- the second cooling water is not obtained according to the preparation process of the invention, it can be an industrial water solution.
- a casting device comprising a device for preparing cooling water, said preparation device comprising a mixing unit configured to receive a first aqueous solution characterized by a first composition and a second aqueous solution distinct from the first aqueous solution and characterized by a second composition, said first aqueous solution and said second aqueous solution being chosen from the group consisting of:
- said mixing unit being further configured to mix a first volume of said first aqueous solution and a second volume of said second aqueous solution, so as to manufacture a mixture volume of a mixture solution characterized by a mixture composition and constituting all or part of the cooling water, said first volume of the first aqueous solution and second volume of the second aqueous solution being determined in depending on said first composition and said second composition, and so that the mixture composition tends towards a predetermined target final composition.
- the casting device may also have one or more of the following characteristics, taken alone or in combination.
- the mixing unit is configured to mix a number of volumes of aqueous solutions greater than or equal to two.
- the preparation device comprises at least one reservoir chosen from:
- a first tank configured to receive the industrial water solution
- a second tank configured to receive the water solution treated on a cationic ion exchanger
- a third tank configured to receive the demineralised water solution
- a fourth tank configured to receive the aqueous solution containing Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ ions.
- the use of the first tank, the second tank, the third tank, and the fourth tank can be replaced by an in-line continuous mixing process.
- continuous in-line mixing process we mean the possibility of carrying out the mixtures of the aqueous solutions directly in a piping system, a supply system or else by inserting a static mixer or low-volume mixing reactor.
- the mixing unit is further configured to receive at least one addition element chosen from the group comprising salts and pH correctors, and to mix a mass of addition element with the mixing solution, said mass of addition element being determined according to the first composition, the second composition, and the target final composition.
- the preparation device further comprises an addition element storage unit configured to store said at least one addition element.
- the casting device further comprises a calculation unit configured to determine the first volume of the first aqueous solution and the second volume of the second aqueous solution as a function of a useful parameter defining the first composition, d 'a useful parameter defining the second composition, and so that a useful parameter defining the mixture composition tends towards a useful parameter defining the final target composition.
- the casting device further comprises a cation exchanger comprising an active material, said cation exchanger being configured to vary between a charged configuration in which divalent cations of calcium Ca 2+ or magnesium Mg 2+ are linked to the active material, and a regenerated configuration in which the active material is capable of capturing divalent cations of calcium Ca 2+ or of magnesium Mg 2+ , said cation exchanger comprising means making it possible to connect it to the unit of blend.
- the cation exchanger comprises a weak cationic resin.
- the cation exchanger comprises a strong cationic resin.
- the cation exchanger comprises means making it possible to connect it to at least one reservoir, for example the first reservoir, the second reservoir, the third reservoir, or the fourth reservoir.
- the casting device further comprises a reverse osmosis unit or an ion exchanger on demineralization resin, said reverse osmosis unit or said ion exchanger comprising means making it possible to connect it to the mixing unit and to the cation exchanger.
- said reverse osmosis unit or said ion exchanger on demineralization resin comprises means making it possible to connect it to at least one tank, for example the first tank, the second tank, the third tank, or the fourth tank .
- the preparation device comprises a strong acid supply, said strong acid supply being configured to be connected to the cation exchanger.
- the casting device further comprises an analysis unit configured to measure at least one useful parameter chosen from the group comprising: a calcium concentration, a magnesium concentration, a complete alkalimetric title, an alkalimetric title , a hydrotimetric title, and the pH.
- the mixing unit comprises a temperature control system comprising a temperature sensor configured to measure a mixing temperature corresponding to the temperature of the mixing solution, said temperature control system being configured to maintain the mixing temperature between 10°C and 35°C, preferably between 12°C and 30°C.
- the temperature control system comprises heating means configured to heat the mixing unit, when the mixing temperature is less than or equal to 10°C, preferably less than 12°C.
- the temperature control system comprises cooling means configured to cool the mixing unit, when the mixing temperature is greater than or equal to 35°C, preferably 30°C.
- Figure 1 is a schematic view of the casting device comprising a preparation device according to a particular embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 2 is a schematic view of certain elements of the casting device for preparing aqueous solutions, according to a particular embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 3 is a schematic view of the steps of the preparation process according to a particular embodiment of the invention.
- the present invention relates to a process for preparing a cooling water 1 intended to cool a product during a metallurgical transformation operation and in particular for casting applications of foundry parts.
- the invention also relates to the use of a cooling water 1 obtained according to this preparation process, to cool a product in a metallurgical transformation step, such as casting, quenching, or hot rolling.
- a metallurgical transformation step such as casting, quenching, or hot rolling.
- a start-up step is not preponderant with regard to the quality of the final product because it is possible to trim the part of the product with defects, it is important to control the cooling during the start-up phase of a product obtained by semi-continuous casting at the risk of not being able to manufacture.
- a person skilled in the art knows how to implement suitable casting conditions to minimize the appearance of these defects. However, it is important that the conditions found be reproducible from one heat to another. The inventors found that in particular it was important to have reproducible cooling water during all the start-up phases in order to guarantee the same thermal efficiency. The inventors have solved this problem by proposing a method for preparing a cooling water making it possible to manufacture a target cooling water on demand.
- the target cooling water may correspond to industrial water available on a site on which the casting process will be implemented on a large scale, this site being different from the production site envisaged for the implementation of the preparation cooling water.
- the target cooling water may correspond to industrial water available during a certain period of the year. This is the case, for example, when a site's industrial water is drawn from a river and its composition changes depending on the summer/winter seasonality. It may be interesting to choose to always have identical industrial water whatever the season.
- the target cooling water can be a water considered suitable for the start of casting by virtue of its energetic efficiency quality.
- Figure 1 shows a casting process for a product, preferably in aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
- a bath of liquid metal preferably of aluminum alloy, comprising, in% by weight, Cu: 0-6.0; Mg: 0-8; If 0-12; Zn 0 - 12; others ⁇ 3 each and ⁇ 10 in total, remains aluminum, and
- an aluminum alloy of the AAlxxx or AA2xxx or AA3xxx or AA4xxx or AA5xxx or AA6xxx or AA7xxx series is cast.
- examples of AAlxxx series aluminum alloys for use in the processes described herein may include AA1100, AA1100A, AA1200, AA1200A, AA1300, AA1110, AA1120, AA1230, AA1230A, AA1235, AA1435 AA1145 AA1345 AA1445 AA1150 AA1350 AA1350A AA1450 AA1370 AA1275 AA1185 AA1285 AA1385 AA1188 AA1199.
- Non-limiting examples of AA2xxx series aluminum alloys for use in the processes described herein may include AA2001, A2002, AA2004, AA2005, AA2006, AA2007, AA2007A, AA2007B, AA2008, AA2009, AA2010, AA2011, AA2011A, AA2111 , AA2111A, AA2111B, AA2012, AA2013, AA2014, AA2014A, AA2214, AA2015, AA2016, AA2017, AA2017A, AA2117, AA2018, AA2218, AA2618, AA2618A, AA2 219,AA2319,AA2419,2022,AA,AA24,20AA2124,AA2224, AA2224A, AA2324, AA2424, AA2524, AA2624, AA2724, AA2824, AA2025, AA2026, AA2027, AA2028, AA2028A, AA20
- Examples of non-limiting AA3xxx series aluminum alloys for use in the processes described herein may include AA3002, AA3102, AA3003, AA3103, AA3103A, AA3103B, AA3203, AA3403, AA3004, AA3004A, AA3104, AA3204, AA3304, AA3005 , AA3005A, AA3105A, AA3105B, AA3007, AA3107, AA3207, AA3207A, AA3307, AA3009, AA3010, AA3110, AA3011, AA3012, AA3012A, AA3013, AA3014, AA3 015, AA3016, AA30,26, AA30, AA30, AA30 or AA3065.
- Non-limiting examples of AA4xxx series aluminum alloys for use in the processes described herein may include AA4004, AA4104, AA4006, AA4007, AA4008, AA4009, AA4010, AA4013, AA4014, AA4015, AA4015A, AA4115, AA4016, AA 4017 AA4019, AA4020, AA4021, AA4026, AA4032, AA4043, AA4043A, AA4143, AA4343, AA4643, AA4943, AA4044, AA4045, AA4145, AA4145A, AA4046, AA40 47, AA4047A, or AA44
- Non-limiting examples of AA5xxx series aluminum alloys for use in the processes described herein may include AA5182, AA5183, AA5005, AA5005A, AA5205, AA5305, AA5505, AA5605, AA5006, AA5106, AA
- Non-limiting examples of AA6xxx series aluminum alloys for use in the processes described herein may include AA6101, AA6101 A, AA6101B, AA6201, AA6201A, AA6401, AA6501, AA6002, AA6003, AA6103, AA6005, AA6005A, AA6005 B, AA6005C, AA6105, AA6205, AA6305, AA6006, AA6106, AA6206, AA6306, AA6008, AA6009, AA6010, AA6110, AA6110A, AA6011, AA6111, AA6012, AA6012A, AA6013, AA6113, AA6014, AA6015, AA6016, AA6016A, AA6116, AA6018, AA6019, AA6020, AA6021, AA6022, AA6023, AA6024, AA6025, AA6026, AA6027, AA
- Examples of non-limiting AA7xxx series aluminum alloys for use in the processes described herein may include AA7011, AA7019, AA7020, AA7021, AA7039, /K7O1, AA7075, AA7085, AA7108, AA7108A, AA7015, AA7017, AA7018, AA7019A, AA7024, AA7025, AA7028, AA7030, AA7031, AA7033, AA7035, AA7035A, AA7046, AA7046A, AA7003, AA7004, AA7005, AA7009, AA7010, AA7011, AA7012, AA7014, AA7016, AA7116, AA7122, AA7023, AA7026, AA7029, AA7129, AA7229, AA7032, AA7033, AA7034, AA7036, AA7136, AA70
- the casting process may comprise a steady-state phase c at the end of the casting start-up phase, characterized in that during the steady-state phase of casting c, a second cooling water is used.
- the second cooling water lb is characterized by a second target final composition cfb.
- this second cooling water 1b can also be obtained according to the preparation process which will be described more precisely below.
- the second cooling water lb can correspond to an industrial water solution 3.
- Figures 1 to 3 show a non-limiting example of a preparation process according to a particular embodiment of the invention.
- the preparation process comprises a first step of analysis E1 of the composition of a target cooling water 1.
- This analysis step makes it possible to determine a final target fcc composition.
- the determination of a composition corresponds to the determination of at least one useful parameter chosen from the group comprising a calcium concentration THCa, a magnesium concentration THMg, a complete alkalimetric title TAC, a alkalimetric title TA, a hydrotimetric title TH, a concentration of chloride ions CCI, sulphates CS, bromides CBr, sodium CNa, and a pH.
- the final target fcc composition determined by the first step of analysis El, makes it possible to define at least one useful target pue parameter chosen from the group comprising a calcium concentration THCa, a magnesium concentration THMg, a complete alkalimetric titer TAC, a alkalimetric title TA, a hydrotimetric title TH, a concentration of chloride ions CCI, sulphates CS, bromides CBr, sodium CNa, and a pH.
- the preparation process also comprises a step E6 of supplying at least one first aqueous solution characterized by a first composition c1 and at least one second aqueous solution distinct from the first aqueous solution and characterized by a second composition c2, said first aqueous solution and said second aqueous solution being selected from the group consisting of:
- the first composition cl, and the second composition c2 are defined by at least one useful parameter pul and pu2 chosen from the group comprising a calcium concentration THCa, a magnesium concentration TH Mg, a complete alkalimetric title TAC, an alkalimetric title TA, a hydrotimetric title TH, a concentration of chloride ions CCI, sulphates CS, bromides CBr, sodium CNa, and a pH.
- Said at least useful parameter pul and pu2 defined are of the same nature as said at least useful parameter pue target.
- the compositions c1 and c2 are different.
- the industrial water solution 3 is characterized by a conductivity of between 100 pS/cm and 2000 pS/cm.
- the water solution treated on cationic ion exchangers 5 is decarbonated water, preferably decarbonated water with a conductivity greater than or equal to 100 pS/cm and a hydrotimetric title TH in French degrees (°f) and a complete TAC alkalimetric title in French degrees (°f) such as TH ⁇ TAC + 3°f.
- the water solution treated on cationic ion exchangers 5 is permuted water, preferably permuted water with a conductivity greater than or equal to 100 pS/cm and a hydrotimetric titer TH in French degrees (°f) such that TH ⁇ 3°f.
- the demineralized water 7 has a conductivity of less than 100 pS/cm.
- the aqueous solution containing Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ ions has a conductivity greater than or equal to 20 pS/cm and a hydrotimetric titer TH in French degrees (°f) such that TH>50°f.
- the first aqueous solution and the second aqueous solution can both be a solution of industrial water or a solution of water treated on a cationic ion exchanger or an aqueous solution containing Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ ions, the compositions c1 and c2 being however different.
- FIG. 2 more particularly illustrates various means of obtaining the four solutions cited above.
- the industrial water solution 3 corresponds for example to a water present on an industrial site on which the preparation process which is the subject of the invention is implemented. It is possible that this industrial site is a separate site from the industrial site on which the target cooling water is available.
- the target cooling water may correspond to industrial water available on a site on which the casting process will be implemented on a large scale.
- the industrial water solution 3 can for its part correspond to an industrial water present on an industrial site for the development of the casting process.
- the industrial water solution 3 can also come from a pumping in the water table, then treated by various stages such as a deferrization, and/or a filtration, and/or a red-ox stabilization, to be stable and usable for the industrial needs of the site.
- the industrial water solution 3 can also come from a basin allowing the water to be recycled by cooling (for example using an air-cooling tower or a chiller).
- a second analysis step E2 in which at least one useful parameter of said industrial water solution 3 chosen from the group comprising a concentration of calcium THCa, a concentration of magnesium THMg, a complete alkalimetric title TAC, an alkalimetric title TA, a hydrotimetric title TH, a concentration of chloride ions CCI, sulphates CS, bromides CBr, sodium CNa, and a pH is measured.
- the useful parameter analyzed in the analysis step E2 is of the same nature as said at least useful target parameter stinks.
- hydrotimetric title TH is chosen to define the final target cFC composition, the hydrotimetric title TH of the industrial water 3 is determined.
- a second analysis step E2 can also be implemented. works to determine at least one useful parameter of the water solution treated on the cationic ion exchanger 5, and/or to determine at least one useful parameter of the demineralised water solution 7, and/or to determine at least one useful parameter of the aqueous solution containing Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ 9 ions.
- aqueous solutions this includes the group consisting of the industrial water solution 3, the water solution treated on a cationic ion exchanger 5, the solution of demineralized water 7, and the aqueous solution containing Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ ions 9.
- the solution of water treated on a cationic ion exchanger 5 can be obtained according to two methods described below.
- the solution of water treated on the cationic ion exchanger 5 is decarbonated water obtained according to the following steps:
- the degassing step E34 can for example be implemented naturally, by leaving the water leaving the cation exchanger 20 in the open air.
- the degassing step E34 can be implemented in a degassing column 24.
- the degassing step E34 can be implemented by subjecting the water leaving the column to successive cascades. cation exchanger 20, or by stirring, agitation, bubbling, or by the use of a trickle degassing column 24 into which air is injected in countercurrent.
- the decarbonated water has a conductivity greater than or equal to 100 pS/cm and a hydrotimetric title TH in French degrees (°f) and a complete alkalimetric title TAC in French degrees (°f) such that TH ⁇ TAC + 3° f.
- the water solution treated on the cationic ion exchanger 5 is permuted water obtained according to the following steps:
- the load step E32, E33 comprises a load level detection step, in which a measurement of variation in the pH or of another parameter of the water present at the outlet of the heat exchanger cation exchanger 20 is carried out, so as to deduce therefrom (for example for future cycles) the charge level of the cation exchanger 20 at any time.
- permuted water with a conductivity greater than or equal to 100 pS/cm and a hydrotimetric title TH in French degrees (°f) such that TH ⁇ 3°f.
- the demineralized water solution can be obtained by any process known from the state of the art.
- the demineralized water solution 7 can be obtained by a demineralization step E41 in which part of the solution of decarbonated water or deionized water is demineralized by a process of reverse osmosis Tl or ion exchange on a series of demineralization resins (cationic / anionic) 25 so as to obtain the solution of demineralized water 7.
- the demineralized water solution 7 can be obtained by a charging step E33 so as to swap the cations by Hydronium H3O+ ions on the strong cationic resin, followed by a step E41 of demineralization on resins 25 in which part of the water whose cations are already permuted by H3O+ will simply be treated on a series of anionic resins 25.
- a preliminary degassing can be carried out before passage on anionic resins 25.
- the demineralized water 7 has a conductivity of less than 100 pS/cm.
- the aqueous solution containing Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ 9 ions is obtained during an elution step E43 in which a strong acid 11 is circulated in the cation exchanger 20, so that ions Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ captured by the weak cationic resin 21 or by the strong cationic resin 23 are dissolved, so as to produce the aqueous solution containing Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ ions 9.
- the acid strong 11 is hydrochloric acid or dilute sulfuric acid preferably at a concentration between 2 and 10% in water.
- the aqueous solution containing Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ 9 ions obtained in the elution step E43 also contains dissolved CaSO 4 and MgSO 4 salts .
- These salts are particularly interesting to obtain because they avoid the use of elements of addition containing sulphur. Indeed, this aqueous solution containing Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ 9 ions contains CaSO 4 and MgSO 4 salts is obtained directly from industrial water and an acid. On the one hand, this avoids supplying salts such as calcium sulphate (CaSO4) or magnesium sulphate (MgSO 4 ). And on the other hand, it is known in particular that calcium sulphate, commonly called “plaster” in everyday language, has a very low solubility in water and its dissolution is complex and difficult.
- the elution step E43 is implemented after the loading step E32, E33. It is therefore clearly understood that the steps of elution E43, and of charging E32, E33, make it possible to alternately vary the cation exchanger 20 between the regenerated configuration and the charged configuration.
- the elution step E43 can comprise a measurement step E45 in which a pH of the aqueous solution containing Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ 9 ions is measured.
- the elution step E43 being implemented by the circulation of a strong acid in the cation exchanger 20, it is possible to find traces of strong acid 11 in the aqueous solution containing Mg ions 2+ and Ca 2+ 9, which can contribute to lowering its pH.
- a quantity of strong acid 11 added during the elution step E43 is defined relative to a volume of weak 21 or strong 23 cationic resin to be treated.
- a quantity of strong acid 11 can for example form part of the technical data of the cationic resin 21, 23 used, said data specifying the volume and the concentration of strong acid 11 necessary to regenerate said cationic resin 21, 23. way, it is possible to prevent the mixing of the strong acid 11 with the aqueous solution containing Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ 9 ions when the weak 21 or strong 23 cationic resin is totally regenerated.
- the measurement step E45 can be implemented by measuring a parameter other than the pH, such as for example the measurement of the conductivity. In this way, it is possible to know and control any excess of strong acid 11 during the elution step E43.
- the aqueous solution containing Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ ions has a conductivity greater than or equal to 20 pS/cm and a hydrotimetric titer TH in French degrees (°f) such that TH>50°f.
- the preparation process may further comprise a step E51 of making available at least one addition element chosen from the group comprising salts 13 and pH correctors 15.
- the salts 13 and pH 15 correctors may include in particular: sodium chloride NaCl, sodium bicarbonate NaHCOs, sodium carbonate Na2CÜ3, calcium chloride CaCL, magnesium sulphate MgSO 4 , magnesium chloride MgCL, and bromide of sodium NaBr.
- a mass denoted “m” of addition elements can then be diluted in an aqueous solution during a dilution step E53 to form an addition solution.
- the mass m of addition element can be diluted in part of the demineralized water solution 7.
- several masses mj corresponding to each addition element j are diluted in an aqueous solution.
- this step E6 of supplying the first aqueous solution and the second aqueous solution is not limiting and that it can also comprise the supply of a number of volumes of distinct aqueous solutions greater than two.
- the supply step E6 may comprise the supply of a third or a fourth chosen aqueous solution distinct from each other and distinct from the first aqueous solution and from the second aqueous solution, said third or fourth aqueous solution being chosen from the group composed of:
- the industrial water solution 3 the water solution treated on a cationic ion exchanger 5
- the demineralised water solution 7 the aqueous solution containing Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ ions 9.
- the preparation method may then comprise a calculation step E7 in which a first volume VI of the first aqueous solution and a second volume V2 of the second aqueous solution are determined according to said at least one useful parameter pul defining the first composition cl, and said at least one useful parameter pu2 defining the second composition c2.
- the calculation step E7 also aims to determine the mass m of addition element as a function of the first composition cl, of the second composition c2, and of the final target composition fcc.
- the determination of a first volume VI of a first aqueous solution, and of a second volume V2 of a second aqueous solution is not limiting, and the calculation step E7 can also comprise the determination a third volume V3 of a third aqueous solution characterized by a third composition c3, and a fourth volume V4 of a fourth aqueous solution characterized by a fourth composition c4.
- volume VI, V2, V3, and V4 of aqueous solutions, and this mass m are intended to be mixed during a mixing phase P3 which will be described later, and so as to produce a volume of mixture Vml of a mixture solution characterized by a mixture composition cml which can also be defined by at least one useful parameter puml chosen from the group comprising a calcium concentration THCa, a magnesium concentration THMg, a complete alkalimetric title TAC, an alkalimetric title TA, a hydrotimetric titer TH, a concentration of chloride ions CCI, sulphates CS, bromides CBr, sodium CNa, and a pH.
- the purpose of the calculation step E7 is therefore to determine the volumes of aqueous solutions VI, V2, V3, and V4, and the mass m so that said at least one useful parameter puml defining the mixture composition cml tends towards said at least minus one useful parameter stinks defining the final target composition fcc. It is therefore well understood that depending on the calculation step, the volumes V1, V2, V3, or V4 can be harmed and that the mass m can be zero.
- the calculation step E7 makes it possible to determine the first volume VI of the first aqueous solution determined by at least one first useful parameter pul of the same nature as the at least useful parameter pue target and the second volume V2 of the second aqueous solution determined by at least one second useful parameter pu2 of the same nature as the at least useful target pue parameter.
- Vml Vl+V2
- the calculation method described consists in solving as many systems of equations as determined target useful parameters.
- the calculation step E7 is implemented by a calculation unit 30 configured to calculate the first volume VI of the first aqueous solution and the second volume V2 of the second aqueous solution so as to minimize a difference between said at least one useful parameter defining the composition of the cm1 mixture and said at least one useful parameter defining the final target composition fcc.
- the calculation unit 30 makes it possible to make choices of priority on the precision of one of the useful parameters with respect to others. In this way, it is possible to implement the preparation method in the case where there is no single or exact mathematical solution for the preparation of the cooling water 1 having a composition close to the final target composition ccc.
- each of the first composition c1, of the second composition c2, of the mixture composition cm1, and of the final target composition ccc is defined by a plurality of useful parameters
- the calculation step E7 can then be implemented by weighting each useful parameter of said plurality of useful parameters by a weighting coefficient.
- the calculation step E7 can be implemented by comparing each useful parameter with another useful parameter of the same type.
- the calculation step E7 makes it possible to determine the first volume VI of the first aqueous solution and the second volume V2 of the second aqueous solution by comparing the complete alkalimetric title TAC of the first aqueous solution , the complete alkalimetric title TAC of the second aqueous solution, and the complete alkalimetric title TAC of the cooling water 1.
- each useful parameter can be compared with another useful parameter of the same type during the calculation step E7 .
- the preparation process finally comprises the mixing phase P3 comprising a first mixing step E8 in which the first volume VI of the first aqueous solution and the second volume V2 of the second aqueous solution are mixed, so as to manufacture the volume of mixture Vml of a mixture solution characterized by a composition of cml mix.
- This mixing solution then constitutes all or part of the cooling water 1.
- said first volume VI of the first aqueous solution and second volume V2 of the second aqueous solution are determined during calculation step E7, as a function of said first composition c1 and of said second composition c2, and of so that the cml blend composition tends towards the final predetermined fcc target composition.
- the mixing phase P3 is not limited to the first volume VI of the first aqueous solution and to the second volume V2 of the second aqueous solution and can also include the mixing of a number of volumes of separate aqueous solutions greater than two.
- the supply step E6 may comprise mixing the third and/or the fourth aqueous solution with the first and the second aqueous solution.
- the first mixing step E8 can also comprise the fact of mixing the mass m of addition element, itself also determined during the calculation step E7.
- the cooling water 1 can be obtained by a mixture of four volumes VI, V2, V3, V4 of aqueous solutions, each volume of aqueous solution coming respectively from the industrial water solution 3, of the water solution treated on a cationic ion exchanger 5, of the demineralized water solution 7, and of the aqueous solution containing Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ 9 ions, and of the mass m of addition element.
- the mixing phase P3 can then comprise a step E9 of controlling the mixture composition cml, in which an intermediate value of said at least one useful parameter defining the mixture composition cml is determined, so as to calculate an initial difference between said value intermediary and a target value of said at least one useful parameter defining the final target composition fcc.
- the control step E9 therefore makes it possible to determine the difference between the useful parameters of the mixture composition cm1 and the corresponding useful parameters of the final target composition ccf. In other words, the control step E9 makes it possible to quantify whether the composition of the mixture cm1 is sufficiently close to the final target composition ccc.
- the mixing phase may comprise a second mixing step E10 in which at least one correction element is mixed with the mixing solution so as to produce a corrected mixing volume Vm2 of a corrected mixing solution characterized by a corrected mixing composition cm2 which is defined by at least one useful parameter.
- This corrective element is Tl chosen from the group consisting of a volume of the industrial water solution 3, a volume of the water solution treated on a cationic ion exchanger 5, a volume of the demineralised water solution 7 , a volume of the aqueous solution containing Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ ions 9, a mass ml of salt 13, and a mass m2 of pH correctors 15.
- the correction element is chosen so that a corrected deviation between a corrected value of said at least one useful parameter defining the corrected mixture composition cm2 and said target value is less than the initial deviation.
- control step E9 provision may be made for the control step E9 to include the determination of the corrected difference, and for the second mixing step E10 to be implemented iteratively as long as the corrected difference is greater than the threshold deviation.
- the threshold deviation can be equal to 10% or 5% or 3% of the target value.
- the aqueous solution containing Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ ions is such that the concentration of Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ ions is greater than the concentration of Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ ions of the solution of industrial water, water solution treated with a cationic ion exchanger, or demineralised water solution.
- the preparation process, and the casting process can be implemented by means of a casting device 100, object of the invention.
- the casting device represented in FIG. 1, comprises a device 50 for preparing a cooling water 1.
- the preparation device 50 can in particular comprise at least one tank chosen from:
- a first tank 33 configured to receive the industrial water solution 3;
- a second tank 35 configured to receive the water solution treated on cationic ion exchanger 5;
- a third tank 37 configured to receive the demineralised water solution 7;
- FIG. 1 presents a preparation device 50 comprising four reservoirs.
- the use of the first reservoir 33, of the second reservoir 35, of the third reservoir 37, and of the fourth reservoir 39 can be replaced by a process of continuous mixing in line.
- continuous in-line mixing process is meant the possibility of carrying out the mixtures of the aqueous solutions directly in a piping or supply system.
- the casting device 100 may further comprise a cation exchanger 20 (FIG. 2) comprising an active material, said cation exchanger 20 being configured to vary between a charged configuration in which divalent cations of calcium Ca 2+ or magnesium Mg 2+ are linked to the active material, and a regenerated configuration in which the active material is capable of capturing divalent cations of calcium Ca 2+ or of magnesium Mg 2+ , said cation exchanger 20 comprising means allowing it to be linked to the mixing unit 31 not shown.
- the active material may comprise either a weak cationic resin 21 or a strong cationic resin 23. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the cation exchanger 20 is included in the preparation device 50.
- the cation exchanger 20 may comprise means making it possible to connect it to at least one reservoir, for example the first reservoir 33, the second reservoir 35, the third reservoir 37, or the fourth reservoir 39.
- These means may for example comprise pipes making it possible to carry out a fluidic transfer towards and out of the cation exchanger 20.
- the casting device 100 may also comprise a reverse osmosis unit 27 or an ion exchanger on demineralization resin 25, said reverse osmosis unit 27 or said ion exchanger comprising means making it possible to connect it to a mixing unit 31 and to the cation exchanger 20 not shown.
- the reverse osmosis unit T1 or said ion exchanger on demineralization resin 25 comprises means making it possible to connect it to at least one tank, for example the first tank 33, the second tank 35, the third tank 37, or the fourth reservoir 39.
- the reverse osmosis unit T1 comprises means allowing it to be connected fluidically to the second reservoir 35, and to the third reservoir 37.
- the preparation device 50 may comprise a strong acid supply 41 configured to be connected to the cation exchanger 20, and an addition element storage unit 32 configured to store at least one addition element chosen from the group comprising 13 salts and 15 pH correctors.
- first tank 33, second tank 35, third tank 37, fourth tank, and storage unit 32 are fluidly connected to a mixing unit 31.
- the mixing unit 31 is configured to receive the first aqueous solution characterized by the first composition c1 and the second aqueous solution distinct from the first aqueous solution and characterized by the second composition c2, said first aqueous solution and said second aqueous solution being chosen in the group consisting of:
- the mixing unit 31 is further configured to mix a first volume VI of said first aqueous solution and a second volume V2 of said second aqueous solution, so as to produce a mixing volume Vml of a mixing solution characterized by a cml mixture composition and constituting all or part of the cooling water 1.
- the mixing unit 31 can be configured to mix more than two volumes of aqueous solutions.
- the mixing unit 31 is further configured to receive and to mix a mass m of addition element with the mixing solution, said mass m of addition element being determined as a function of the first composition cl, of the second composition c2, and the final target composition ccc.
- the mixing unit 31 comprises a temperature control system 61 comprising a temperature sensor 63 configured to measure a mixing temperature corresponding to the temperature of the mixing solution.
- the temperature control system 61 is then configured to maintain the mixing temperature between 10°C and 35°C, preferably between 12°C and 30°C.
- the temperature control system 61 may be provided with heating means 65 configured to heat the mixing unit 31, when the mixing temperature is less than or equal to 10°C or 12°C.
- the temperature control system 61 can also comprise cooling means 67 configured to cool the mixing unit 31, when the mixing temperature is greater than or equal to 35°C or 30°C.
- the casting device 100 can advantageously comprise an analysis unit 60 configured to measure at least one useful parameter chosen from the group comprising: a calcium concentration THCa, a magnesium concentration THMg, a complete alkalimetric title TAC, a alkalimetric title TA, a hydrotimetric title TH, and the pH.
- the analysis unit 60 can in particular be used to implement the first analysis step E1 and the second analysis step E2 of the preparation process.
- the casting device 100 may comprise a calculation unit 30 configured to determine the first volume VI of the first aqueous solution and the second volume V2 of the second aqueous solution as a function of a useful parameter defining the first composition cl, d a useful parameter defining the second composition c2, and such that a useful parameter defining the mixture composition cm1 tends towards a useful parameter defining the final target composition ccf.
- the calculation unit is able to implement the calculation step E7 according to the embodiments described above and below.
- the preparation process and its implementation with the casting device 100 can be better understood on the basis of the examples given below, given by way of non-limiting example.
- a cooling water 1 is prepared according to a target industrial water.
- Table 1 describes the composition of the industrial water solution 3 which may for example correspond to the first composition cl, and the final target composition ccf obtained during the first analysis step El, and the second step d E2 analysis.
- industrial water solution 3 characterized by composition c1 has high hardness, high alkalinity and a high content of chloride ions.
- This industrial water solution 3 can be stored in a first reservoir 33.
- Part of the industrial water solution 3 can then undergo a charge step E32 when it circulates in the cation exchanger comprising a weak cationic resin 21 (RESINEX KW-H resin, from the company Jacobi Carbons, Sweden) .
- the industrial water solution 3 circulates with a flow rate of 5m 3 /h, then on a degasser during the degassing step E34.
- the degasser comprises a trickle column with counter-current air flow which is located above a second tank 35. In this second tank, the water solution treated on cationic ion exchanger 5 which is then decarbonated water having in this example a second composition c2.
- the second reservoir 35 may include means which allow it to be fluidically connected to a reverse osmosis unit T1, in order to be able to supply the third reservoir 37 with demineralized water.
- the reverse osmosis unit T1 comprises nine membranes and operates with a purge rate of 25%.
- This reverse osmosis unit T1 is capable of producing between 1m 3 /h and 2m 3 /h of the demineralized water solution 7 during the demineralization step E41.
- Said solution of demineralised water then has a composition c3 which is stored in a third reservoir 37.
- the elution step E43 is implemented so as to produce the aqueous solution containing Mg 2+ and Ca ions. 2+ 9 having a fourth composition c4, part of which will be stored in a fourth reservoir 39.
- the elution step E43 can be implemented when a low percentage of resin load 21 compared to the calculated theoretical saturation for the cation exchanger is between 60% and 90% of the saturation.
- the elution step E43 comprises:
- the use of weak cationic resins 21 makes it possible to obtain effluents of relatively weak acidity which are simply neutralized by passage over a bed of granules of calcium carbonate.
- Acid effluent is considered to be any water that is not used for the production of the casting water (1, la or lb), residues, part of the acid solution not used, rinsings).
- the industrial water solution 3 has a first composition c1 determined during the second analysis step E2. This first composition cl of this industrial water solution 3 may be sufficiently stable over time not to require additional second analysis steps E2.
- the second, third and fourth compositions c2, c3 and c4 can be deduced knowing the first composition of cl, as follows:
- the water solution treated on a cationic ion exchanger 5 is obtained by decarbonation on a weak cationic resin 21.
- the cations Na + (sodium), Ca 2+ (calcium) and Mg 2+ (magnesium) bound to the salts of strong acids (sulphates and chlorides) are not retained and will end up in the water solution treated on cationic ion exchanger 5 by passing through cation exchanger 20, as well as all the anions (carbonates, bicarbonates) .
- the cations retained by the cation exchanger 20 (Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ bound to the carbonates and bicarbonates) will be retained on the weak cationic resin 21 and replaced by hydronium HsO + ions (2 HsO + ions per Ca 2+ ion or by Mg 2+ ion).
- the second composition c2 in calcium and magnesium ions is therefore calculated, in this case, from the total hydrotimetric title TH according to the following formula:
- TH (of the second composition c2) TH (of the first composition c1) - TAC (of the first composition c1).
- THCa and THMg are therefore calculated in the water solution treated on cationic ion exchanger 5 by solving equations (1) and (2):
- the TAC obtained after the degasser, was measured at 0.5°f at the outlet of the degasser. This value is stable and is not measured at each mix.
- the demineralized water solution having the third composition c3 is produced by demineralization of the water solution treated on a cationic ion exchanger 5 during the demineralization step E41. It is possible to analyze the third composition c3 during a third analysis step consisting in measuring the conductivity of the solution. This third The analysis step makes it possible to determine that the main ions have a concentration of less than 5mg/L, except for sodium and chlorides (approximately 5mg/L).
- the fourth composition c4 of the aqueous solution containing Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ 9 ions depends on the concentration of acid 11 used for the regeneration of the weak cationic resin 21.
- the elution yield of the cation exchanger used estimated at 0.98.
- the value of 0.98 corresponds to the elution efficiency of the cation exchanger used.
- the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions (from which TH is calculated) then corresponds at the start of the elution step E43, to 0.98 times the concentration (in moles or in °f) of sulfuric acid. This concentration of sulfuric acid can be controlled by acid and water flow measurements, and an online conductivity measurement.
- the aqueous solution containing Mg 2+ and Ca 2 + 9 therefore has a fourth constant composition c4 which can be determined only once by carrying out the second analysis step E2 on the aqueous solution containing Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ 9 ions.
- THCa R.TH/(1+R)
- THMg TH/(1+R)
- the steps of providing E51 of at least one addition and dilution element E53 makes it possible to form addition solutions of composition al, a2, a3, a4, and a5 corresponding to the dilution of the mass ml of salt , or the mass m2 of pH corrector in a volume of demineralized water solution 7 so as to provide an addition solution of MgSO 4 (at 10%) defined by a composition al, an addition solution of MgCL ( at 10%) defined by a composition a2, an addition solution of NaHCOs (at 8%) defined by a composition a3, and an addition solution of NaOH (at 5%) defined by a composition a4.
- the 20% sulfuric acid solution used to regenerate the cation exchangers 20 is stored in a 3m3 tank. It can also be used as an addition solution defined by a composition a5.
- the index i in the previous formula refers to the 6 useful parameters described in this example (THCa, THMg, TAC, CNa, CCI, CS).
- Vml Vl+V2+V3+V4+Val+Va2+Va3+Va4+Va5, where VI, V2, V3, and V4 correspond to the volumes to be mixed of aqueous solutions of compositions cl, c2, c3, and c4 and Val, Va2, Va3, Va4, and Va5 correspond to the volumes to be mixed of addition solutions of composition a1, a2, a3, a4, a5.
- Vml corresponds to the volume of cooling water to be produced. It is also possible to use flow rates by dividing the volumes by a unit of time. This parameter is defined by a single value. For this example, 24m 3 of cooling water solution is needed. This flow rate value is 2.4m 3 /h if the characteristic time is lOh (time interval between each casting for example).
- c2i, c3i, c4i, ali, a2i, a3i, a4i, a5i correspond respectively to the useful parameters of the available aqueous solutions (3, 5, 7, 9), and of the solutions of addition of salts 13 and correctors of pH 15 available. Additional analysis steps can optionally be implemented to check each useful parameter.
- a weighting coefficient yi can be used to prioritize one of the useful parameters.
- concentration of magnesium THMg relative to the concentration of sodium CNa or the concentration of sulfate ions CS.
- the following weighting coefficients yi are therefore chosen, making it possible to obtain the following mixture composition cml (table 4):
- the calculation step E7 therefore then comprises the determination of the volumes to be mixed.
- the unknowns are the 9 volumes of the solutions to be mixed (VI, V2, V3, V4, Val, Va2, Va3, Va4, Va5).
- the calculation unit 30 then uses a solver which makes it possible to minimize the sum of the following deviations:
- desired boundary conditions are added (i.e. all values are positive, volumes cannot be greater than the capacity of reservoirs 33, 35, 37, 39) so to obtain the volumes of each solution to be added, as well as the mixture composition cml of the mixture solution.
- a volume Vml of 24 m3 of the mixing solution can be obtained by mixing the following volumes:
- the mixing phase P3 then only comprises a first mixing step E8 by mixing in a mixing unit 31 the calculated volumes corresponding to the different solutions.
- the first mixing step E8 of the aqueous solutions can be carried out in the following order: VI, V2, V3, V4, via a magnetic stirrer, then by adding the volumes of solutions of addition Val and Va2 while maintaining the stirring.
- the preparation process can then comprise the control step E9 in which a control of the mixture composition cm1 obtained is carried out. This control includes:
- the pH can then be corrected by adding bleach to obtain a desired amount of free chlorine so that the cml mixture composition tends towards the final target composition ccc.
- Table 5 describes the composition of the industrial water solution which may for example correspond to the first composition c1, and also describes the final target composition fcc. These two compositions are obtained during the first analysis step El, and the second analysis step E2.
- the aim is to obtain a cooling water 1 for which the useful parameters "hydrotimetric rate and complete alkalimetric rate TAC" are lower than the useful parameters corresponding to the final composition cfc target.
- the preparation device 50 comprises a reverse osmosis unit T1, connected to the first reservoir 33, but does not comprise a cation exchanger 20. It is therefore only possible to produce two aqueous solutions characterized by two compositions:
- the industrial water solution 3 for example stored in the first tank 33, or available directly on site, supplies the reverse osmosis unit T1, which makes it possible to produce the demineralized water solution 7 by demineralization step E41 of part of the industrial water solution 3, then storing it in the third tank 37.
- the industrial water solution 3 used to produce the demineralised water solution 7 is filtered by a filter having a filtration mesh of 5 ⁇ m. This makes it possible to avoid fouling of the membranes (in particular at the level of the spacers) and increases their lifespan.
- a sequestering product based on polyphosphates is continuously injected. This makes it possible to avoid the precipitation of calcium ions in the presence of carbonates in the concentration loop of the reverse osmosis unit 27.
- the industrial water solution 3 stored in the first reservoir 33 may have a composition c1 which varies depending in particular on the devices using this water, the season, and the operation of the temperature control system 61
- provision may be made to implement one or more second analysis steps E2 in order to know at any time a good estimate of the first composition c1 of this industrial water solution 3 stored.
- demineralized water solution 7 has a composition c2 that is substantially constant and known. It is therefore not necessary to carry out a second analysis step E2 at each demineralization step E41. An on-line conductivity control is sufficient to ensure the correct operation of the osmosis unit and the constant quality of the water.
- Table 6 below shows the first and second compositions c1, c2 of the solutions of industrial water 3 and demineralised water 7.
- THCa, THMg, TAC, CNa, CCI, CS 6 useful parameters described in this example
- a weighting coefficient yi can be used to prioritize one of the useful parameters.
- greater importance is given to the magnesium concentration THMg and to the calcium concentration THCA compared to the other useful parameters.
- the following weighting coefficients yi are therefore chosen, making it possible to obtain the following mixture composition cml (table 7):
- the calculation step E7 therefore then comprises the determination of the volumes to be mixed.
- the unknowns are the 2 volumes of the aqueous solutions to be mixed VI, V2.
- the calculation unit 30 then uses a solver which makes it possible to minimize the sum of the following deviations:
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Treatment Of Water By Ion Exchange (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
- Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
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Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2024547637A JP2025505040A (ja) | 2022-02-11 | 2023-02-02 | 要求に応じて冷却水を調製する装置および方法 |
| US18/727,391 US20250091120A1 (en) | 2022-02-11 | 2023-02-02 | Device and method for preparing cooling water on demand |
| EP23707783.9A EP4476011A1 (fr) | 2022-02-11 | 2023-02-02 | Dispositif et procede de preparation d'une eau de refroidissement a la demande |
| CN202380020710.8A CN118715072A (zh) | 2022-02-11 | 2023-02-02 | 根据需要制备冷却水的装置和方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| FR2201198A FR3132645B1 (fr) | 2022-02-11 | 2022-02-11 | Dispositif et procédé de préparation d’une eau de refroidissement à la demande |
| FRFR2201198 | 2022-02-11 |
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| WO2023152437A1 true WO2023152437A1 (fr) | 2023-08-17 |
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| PCT/FR2023/050139 Ceased WO2023152437A1 (fr) | 2022-02-11 | 2023-02-02 | Dispositif et procede de preparation d'une eau de refroidissement a la demande |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250091120A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4476011A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2025505040A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN118715072A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3132645B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023152437A1 (fr) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62110839A (ja) * | 1985-11-08 | 1987-05-21 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 連続鋳造設備用冷却水の処理法 |
| US5311925A (en) * | 1993-11-12 | 1994-05-17 | Nalco Chemical Company | Magnesium hydroxide to prevent corrosion caused by water spray in continuous casting |
| JP2007125570A (ja) * | 2005-11-01 | 2007-05-24 | Nalco Japan Kk | 連続鋳造設備の腐食・磨耗防止方法 |
-
2022
- 2022-02-11 FR FR2201198A patent/FR3132645B1/fr active Active
-
2023
- 2023-02-02 US US18/727,391 patent/US20250091120A1/en active Pending
- 2023-02-02 EP EP23707783.9A patent/EP4476011A1/fr active Pending
- 2023-02-02 JP JP2024547637A patent/JP2025505040A/ja active Pending
- 2023-02-02 CN CN202380020710.8A patent/CN118715072A/zh active Pending
- 2023-02-02 WO PCT/FR2023/050139 patent/WO2023152437A1/fr not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62110839A (ja) * | 1985-11-08 | 1987-05-21 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 連続鋳造設備用冷却水の処理法 |
| US5311925A (en) * | 1993-11-12 | 1994-05-17 | Nalco Chemical Company | Magnesium hydroxide to prevent corrosion caused by water spray in continuous casting |
| JP2007125570A (ja) * | 2005-11-01 | 2007-05-24 | Nalco Japan Kk | 連続鋳造設備の腐食・磨耗防止方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| GILDEMEISTER D., LIGHT METALS, 2014, pages 885 - 891 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3132645B1 (fr) | 2025-03-14 |
| FR3132645A1 (fr) | 2023-08-18 |
| US20250091120A1 (en) | 2025-03-20 |
| JP2025505040A (ja) | 2025-02-19 |
| CN118715072A (zh) | 2024-09-27 |
| EP4476011A1 (fr) | 2024-12-18 |
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