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WO2023037235A1 - Formulation basique pour fabriquer des composés isolants ou des composés semi-conducteurs, composition de composé isolant apte pour une utilisation dans des conducteurs d'énergie électrique, composition de composé semi-conducteur apte pour une utilisation dans des conducteurs d'énergie électrique et câble pour la distribution d'énergie électrique empêchant la connexion indésirée ou non autorisée à celui-ci - Google Patents

Formulation basique pour fabriquer des composés isolants ou des composés semi-conducteurs, composition de composé isolant apte pour une utilisation dans des conducteurs d'énergie électrique, composition de composé semi-conducteur apte pour une utilisation dans des conducteurs d'énergie électrique et câble pour la distribution d'énergie électrique empêchant la connexion indésirée ou non autorisée à celui-ci Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023037235A1
WO2023037235A1 PCT/IB2022/058356 IB2022058356W WO2023037235A1 WO 2023037235 A1 WO2023037235 A1 WO 2023037235A1 IB 2022058356 W IB2022058356 W IB 2022058356W WO 2023037235 A1 WO2023037235 A1 WO 2023037235A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cable
insulating
conductor
semiconductor
electrical energy
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Ceased
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PCT/IB2022/058356
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English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
José Antonio Di Ciommo
Edgardo Kliewer
Raúl Antonio Medina
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of WO2023037235A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023037235A1/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
    • C08L23/08—Copolymers of ethene
    • C08L23/0846—Copolymers of ethene with unsaturated hydrocarbons containing atoms other than carbon or hydrogen
    • C08L23/0853—Ethene vinyl acetate copolymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
    • H01B3/441—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from alkenes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2203/00—Applications
    • C08L2203/20—Applications use in electrical or conductive gadgets
    • C08L2203/202—Applications use in electrical or conductive gadgets use in electrical wires or wirecoating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2310/00—Masterbatches

Definitions

  • the objective of the present invention is to present a cable for electric power distribution that prevents unauthorized access to electric power distribution networks, which through a product and a method of using it, indirectly or passively, intends to block unauthorized access to the electricity distribution network, since this unauthorized access has the effects of theft of electricity in the electricity network in distributors and electricity distribution operators.
  • the construction method of the cable models is indicated and one of the components is included to obtain the desired use.
  • the description of the component where it is a compound that, according to its formulation and manufacturing method, allows the construction of cable models that are considered preventive of improper access to the electric power network.
  • the present invention belongs to the field of electrical energy, more specifically to the cables defined as anti-theft, used in the electrical wiring of an electrical energy distribution network and to the component materials thereof for a specific use.
  • This cable is formed by conductors insulated with plastic material and where the neutral conductor is concentrically wired on the insulation.
  • the unwanted or unauthorized connection to a Low Voltage (LV) electric power distribution cable is made by accessing its conductive parts.
  • This unwanted connection is made in the drop connection cable or in the electrical power distribution cable; this unwanted connection occurs prior to the electric power meter.
  • This meter accounts for the energy consumed by the user, since this measured energy is what is billed and charged accordingly, the energy consumed and not registered is the result of fraud.
  • Publication WO2018065881 refers to an "OVERHEAD CABLE FOR TRANSPORTING LOW AND MEDIUM VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL ENERGY AND DIGITAL SIGNALS, MADE OF CONCENTRIC CONDUCTORS OF ALUMINUM ALLOY CONTAINING A FIBER OPTIC CABLE AND DRAWN WIRE TREATMENT PROCESS", which corresponds to an invention of the present researchers, in which it is disclosed "A way to avoid clandestine connection includes the use of multiconductor cables that contain 2, 3 or 4 insulated conductors in the same cable, also called concentric cables (for their geometric configuration); in these cables, the proximity of the insulated conductors causes clandestine connections to short-circuit the phases, being dangerous for people who steal energy".
  • Publication US 2018461 A shows a multiconductor cable with sectors of conductors that are insulated within the same cable. Said cable is built starting from three conductor cables with a concentric structure, with alternate layers and then laminated in a sectorial manner, which are twisted in order to produce said multiconductor cable.
  • Publication US 5732875 A refers to a method for manufacturing cables with sectorized insulated conductors that, like the previous invention, have three sectors; in this, each of the sectors that make up the conductors are inserted into a metal sheath.
  • Patent US 7696430 B2 refers to a metallic conductor that includes an assembly of wires that have a certain polygonal cross section.
  • a multiconductor cable is formed from the wire assemblies having the cross section.
  • the present refers as a first variant of the invention to a basic formulation to manufacture insulating compounds or semiconductor compounds that comprises the following components in weight/weight concentration according to the following Table A:
  • the present also refers to an insulating compound composition suitable for use in electrical energy conductors obtained from the basic formulation according to the first variant, which comprises the addition of charges selected from at least one of the following additional components: halogenated or non-halogenated mineral fillers, non-conductive carbon black, colored compounds in a concentration of 0 to 3% w/w according to Table 2:
  • the concentration of non-conductive carbon black is from 2% to 3% weight/weight to provide resistance to UV rays to the composition.
  • the concentration of colored compounds is from 1% to 3% weight/weight to provide the desired color to the composition.
  • a third variant of the invention refers to a semiconductor compound composition suitable for use in electrical power conductors obtained from the basic formulation of the first variant of the invention that comprises the addition of conductive carbon black at a concentration of 18 at 35% w/w according to the following Table 1:
  • a fourth variant of the invention corresponds to a cable for electrical power distribution that prevents unwanted connection to it (due to possible destruction of the connection), which comprises a central conductor (1) concentrically surrounded by an insulating layer ( 2) made of a composition of insulating compound suitable for use in electrical energy conductors according to the second variant of the invention and this insulation surrounded in the form concentric by a semiconductive layer (3) made with a semiconductor compound according to the third variant of the invention, suitable for use in cables and electrical energy conductors, followed by a crown of concentric conductor (4), this being taped crown of synthetic material (5) and surrounded by an external casing (6).
  • the insulation layer (2) is also made up of a material selected from PE (polyethylene), XLPE (cross-linked polyethylene), EPR ( crosslinked ethylene-propylene rubber), EVA (vinyl acetate), thermoplastic rubber (TPE) and all other insulating polyolefins with flame retardant characteristics and the casing (6) is composed of a material selected from PE (polyethylene), XLPE (cross-linked polyethylene), PVC (polyvinyl chloride), thermoplastic rubber (TPE), LSOH (Low smoke zero halogen).
  • PE polyethylene
  • XLPE cross-linked polyethylene
  • EPR crosslinked ethylene-propylene rubber
  • EVA vinyl acetate
  • thermoplastic rubber TPE
  • the casing (6) is composed of a material selected from PE (polyethylene), XLPE (cross-linked polyethylene), PVC (polyvinyl chloride), thermoplastic rubber (TPE), LSOH (Low smoke zero halogen).
  • the central conductors (1) are made of copper or its alloys or aluminum or its alloys or bimetallic copper and aluminum or aluminum steel -ACSR - and the concentric conductors (4) are made of copper or its alloys or aluminum or its alloys or bimetallic copper and aluminum, or galvanized steel.
  • the central conductor (1) also includes two or more signal cables made up of copper wires each covered with insulation included in an electrostatic screen with a plastic wrap. insulating type.
  • the cable for electrical power distribution that prevents undesired connection to it, the outer sheath material is not flame propagating.
  • Another variant of the invention refers to a cable construction that comprises one or more conductors for electrical energy distribution, this conductor being copper and its alloys and/or aluminum and its alloys, aluminium-steel-ACSR-insulated, where
  • the insulation layer (2) is made with the insulating composition of the second variant of the invention and is also composed of a material selected from PE (polyethylene), XLPE (crosslinked polyethylene), EPR (crosslinked ethylene-propylene rubber), EVA ( vinyl acetate), thermoplastic rubber (TPE) and all other poly-olefin insulators of electrical energy with flame retardant characteristics, with a semiconductor layer on the insulation of each conductor stranded in a helical fashion along with a bare conductor, the conductor being bare copper or its alloys, aluminum and its alloys, aluminum-steel -ACSR-, galvanized steel.
  • PE polyethylene
  • XLPE crosslinked polyethylene
  • EPR crosslinked ethylene-propylene rubber
  • EVA vinyl acetate
  • FIGURE A Electrical resistance of the sample as a function of the temperature of the sample of the component material of the semiconductor layer.
  • FIGURE B Electrical (volumetric) resistivity as a function of temperature, of the sample of the component material of the semiconductor layer.
  • FIGURE 1 Single-phase cable with concentric neutral conductor of the prior art
  • FIGURE 2 Single-phase cable with concentric neutral conductor with semiconductor layer on the insulation
  • FIGURE 3 Construction of bundled cables for aerial use with a semiconductor layer on their insulated conductors
  • FIGURE 4 Signal cables covered with concentric conductors with semiconductor coating
  • FIGURE 5 Cross section of the semiconductor layer sample.
  • FIGURE 6 Construction of cables with 2 insulated phases each with its semiconductor layer, a semiconductor coating, a concentric neutral conductor and outer jacket
  • the particular objective of the product resulting from the design as described is to obtain an electrical failure that occurs in the cable for use in the electrical power distribution network, under certain circumstances of unwanted or unauthorized connection to it. Faced with this attempt, an insulation failure occurs, which is the desired one, and damage is produced by contact of the conductive parts of different electrical potential, consequently a partial or total destruction of the cable is generated from this failure, so that it is difficult to o Avoid the unauthorized derivation of electrical energy, also being in evidence the attempt of improper connection.
  • the constructive model proposes a metallic conductor, this being that it is insulated by combustible polyolefinic materials and that the mentioned semiconductor layer is firmly adhered to this insulation. On this, a crown of wires and/or metal strips is then placed and on this crown an external envelope with flame propagating characteristics can be placed. This external insulation can be avoided when the crown is placed at the neutral potential of the electrical power distribution system.
  • the semiconductor material is suitable for continuous service at the conductor's operating temperature of 90°C, in emergency service of the conductor at the temperature of 130°C for 500 hours, short-circuited at the conductor temperature of 250°C for 5 seconds.
  • the cable as a whole is made up of a central phase conductor, an insulation, a neutral conductor that is arranged on the insulation as a concentric conductor, an external sheath .
  • the "anti-theft" characteristic is defined when the coverage of the concentric conductors (one or more) on the surface of the insulation of each conductor is greater than 95%.
  • central copper conductor which may be another non-magnetic material that conducts electricity, eg: aluminum and its alloys, bimetallic aluminum -copper (1)
  • an insulating layer of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) which may be another flame-propagating polyolefin insulating material (2)
  • XLPE cross-linked polyethylene
  • a concentric conductor of wires made of electrically conductive material for example: copper, aluminum and their alloys, aluminum-copper bimetallic (4)
  • a polyester or paper wrap (5)
  • an external sheath of polyolefin insulating material whether or not it propagates the flame (6).
  • An unwanted or improper connection of the bypass can be made at any point of the single-phase anti-theft concentric cable laying.
  • One type of proceeding is as follows: the outer sheath of the cable is cut and removed, this is to expose the concentric conductor.
  • a possible procedure used by those who try to fraud the connection by illegal access to the electric power cable, bending the cable can be in a U shape and separate the wires of the concentric conductor.
  • the wires of the concentric conductor will be separated on one side and the isolated phase on the other.
  • the wires of the concentric neutral conductor can also be partially or totally cut, in order to expose more of the insulation surface of the central phase conductor with phase voltage.
  • connection can be covered with insulating tape or another insulating element.
  • Another external conductor is connected to the previously separated neutral conductor for the neutral connection function.
  • the entire assembly can be covered with electrical tape to hide the connection.
  • This model allows the conduction of electrical energy and/or signals through it and allows the possible generation of an electrical type fault with destructive characteristics in the event of an unauthorized connection attempt to the electrical energy conductors of the cable, or to the signal cables if it has them.
  • This failure causes two simultaneous or alternative effects, the destructive breakage of the cable at that point and/or the failure of its insulation, which makes it possible to identify the unwanted or clandestine connection.
  • the fault condition is produced by the destruction of the insulation by -ignition and flame in the semiconductor layer. This is turned on by action resulting from the heat generated in the semiconductor layer by circulation of electric current through it. This flame or ignition is characterized by occurring at a higher temperature than the Rrev occurs and by an electric current circulating through the semiconductor layer, determined by the electrical resistance at that point according to the temperature value reached by the material. This effect also generates the destruction of the insulation layer, because it is it is intimately linked to the semiconductor layer. Once the insulation is destroyed, an electrical short circuit is generated between two phases at different potential or between phase and neutral depending on the electrical power distribution system.
  • the neutral conductor in this case may even be cut with an electrical discontinuity at the undesired connection point and the failure may occur by closing an electrical circuit through the semiconductor layer.
  • the electrical fault continues to be fed back as long as the power supply to the cable is not interrupted. Before the action of a fuse-type protection or an external thermo-magnetic switch, the circulation of electric current towards the generated fault is prevented. By interrupting the power supply, by any method, the flame tends to stop. If the outer casing has a flame retardant characteristic, the flame is extinguished by the effect of this casing.
  • the semiconductor compound only acts for the desired effect of lighting up if electric current flows through it.
  • the aforementioned compound does not affect or modify the normal operation of the cable, when it is connected as a supply of electrical energy in the distribution network, be it low or medium voltage and under normal and nominal operating conditions.
  • the phase conductor is made up of copper wires and their alloys, aluminum and their alloys, aluminum-steel, bimetallic conductors of copper and aluminum.
  • the formation can be of 1 wire, semi-rigid of 7 wires, or flexible of several wires.
  • the maximum electrical resistance of the conductor is defined by the nominal section, as for example in the IEC 60228 and ICEA S 95-658 standards, among others.
  • the insulation materials for the phase conductor are composed of: polyethylene (PE), crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE), crosslinked ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR), ethyl-vinyl-acetate (EVA), thermoplastic rubber (TPE) and all other insulating polyolefin with flame retardant characteristics.
  • PE polyethylene
  • XLPE crosslinked polyethylene
  • EPR crosslinked ethylene-propylene rubber
  • EVA ethyl-vinyl-acetate
  • TPE thermoplastic rubber
  • the semiconductor layer is made of a material composed of cross-linked polyethylene with semiconductor characteristics of electric current.
  • the semiconductor layer When applied by simple extrusion or simultaneous direct double extrusion, depending on the type of cable to be used and according to the state of the art, the The semiconductor layer must be adjusted to the insulation that covers the metallic conductor(s) with a central arrangement, or on the last insulation of a conductor with phase voltage other than neutral.
  • the thickness of the semiconductor casing must allow the circulation of electric current and at the same time have mechanical resistance to detach it from the insulation.
  • This cable with a layer of semiconductor material does not admit connection by means of perforation morsets if the semiconductor layer is not previously removed.
  • the concentric conductor that covers the insulated conductor assembly and with a semiconductor layer is made up of copper wires and their alloys, aluminum and their alloys, bimetallic conductors of copper and aluminum.
  • the cabling must be in the form of a helical spiral, while the cabling pitch is from 50 to 200 mm, but other pitch dimensions are allowed according to the state of the art. The smaller the pitch length, the more difficult is the separation of the concentric layer wires and thus the access and maneuverability for the clandestine bypass connection.
  • the coverage of the surface on the semiconductor layer must be greater than 95% of the circumference of the same.
  • the concentric conductor it is possible to build the concentric conductor by making a braided mesh of metal wires, with coverage greater than 90% of the surface of the semiconductor layer.
  • Another constructive form is a crown as a set of wires wired in a helical shape covered with metal strips in an open or overlapping path, with a minimum coverage of 95% of the surface.
  • a layer of metallic tapes applied helically with a minimum overlap of 10% can also be used as a concentric conductor.
  • the concentric conductor on all the active phases of the cable can also be made of galvanized steel, in any format with wires and tapes.
  • a combination of galvanized steel wires, tinned copper wires and/or aluminum wires and their alloys is possible, always taking care not to produce a galvanic couple that leads to corrosion between metals.
  • the materials of the outer sheath of the cable as a whole applied to the concentric conductor and its taping can be made of a material selected from PE (polyethylene), XLPE (cross-linked polyethylene), PVC (polyvinyl chloride), thermoplastic rubber ( TPE), LSOH (Low smoke zero halogen), polyolefins and any external sheath that protects the cable from water ingress and environmental aggressions.
  • PE polyethylene
  • XLPE cross-linked polyethylene
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • TPE thermoplastic rubber
  • LSOH Low smoke zero halogen
  • polyolefins any external sheath that protects the cable from water ingress and environmental aggressions.
  • Insulating outer wraps may have flame retardant characteristics.
  • the concentric conductor does not require an external wrap.
  • the main advantage of the basic formulation is that its use does not require extrusion with a catalyst.
  • the basic formulation is placed according to the list of its components in the extruder and the charges that are required can be added, in this way, the extruder is placed directly on the cable.
  • the formula admits high concentration of fillers, as will be seen later, especially carbon black material that is very difficult to mix and disperse uniformly and therefore solves a long-standing problem found in the prior art.
  • this advantage of being able to mix it with other products allows compositions with special characteristics to be obtained by only adding selected fillers without adding catalyst.
  • Table A the insulating compound.
  • it refers to a formulation of an insulating compound and a manufacturing method from a basic formulation (Masterbatch) during its extrusion process; it is possible to obtain the insulating compound simply by varying the filler compounds used.
  • a basic formulation Masterbatch
  • Table 2 It is important to distinguish that the compound obtained by the basic formulation already by itself forms a cross-linked polyethylene compound suitable for insulating low voltage cables. For example, it complies with the standards IEC 60502-1, ICEA S-95-658 type Xl among others.
  • composition of basic formulation accepts the incorporation of different types of loads in order to meet certain special regulatory requirements.
  • the basic formulation has the characteristic of being thermostable and resistant to attack by mineral oils.
  • non-conductive carbon black can be added to the basic formulation from 2% to 3% by mass, to maintain UV resistance.
  • the type of carbon black recommended for this use has a particle size not greater than 35nm (ASTM D1248 Item 4.1.2.6).
  • This base compound accepts the incorporation of colors in pigmented form or as masterbatch, in variable concentrations and less than 3%, ensuring a uniform dispersion without lumps, complying with the wide variety of colors established in international tables such as RAL or MUNNSEL Incorporating Masterbatch colored compounds are obtained, they are generally mixed at 1% and comply with color codes, for example MUNSEL (Electronics Industries Association (EIA) specification EIA RS359-A identifies electrical wire color codes for wire and cable insulation), DIN EN 60446 VDE 0198 :2008-02 Basic and safety principles for man-machine interface, marking and identification Identification of conductors by colors or alphanumerics
  • EIA Electricals Industries Association
  • mineral loads that are hologenated or not, they modify final properties that are fireproof and have low smoke density.
  • mineral charges compounds with other additional properties are obtained.
  • halogenated fillers for example with bromine Br, flame retardant compounds are obtained. These charges can be incorporated as Masterbatch during the final extrusion or non-halogenated with hydrated aluminum.
  • the spectrum of mineral fillers is very broad.
  • the compound is suitable to be processed in extruders/injectors to obtain engineering parts.
  • the compound can be processed in machines of the rubber industry, in presses with molds that operate with pressure and temperature. The compound inside the mold at the right temperature softens, and copies the shape it melts and produces a homogeneous compound. Once cooled inside the mold, the piece is removed. Chemical curing occurs by exposure to ambient or artificial moisture. Crosslinking occurs on exposure to ambient moisture.
  • the parts to be manufactured apart from the cable category are, for example, washers, gaskets, O'rings.
  • Stage 1 Mixed: the elements of the formula are loaded (see table A) in a closed double Z mixer, the elements of the formula are mixed at a temperature between 80°C and 85°C, the mixing time lasts between 8 to 10 hours.
  • the finished compound is unloaded from the mixer in the markets according to the technique and state of the art.
  • the slices obtained from the already mixed compound can be taken directly to the extruder or left parked to carry out the process at another time.
  • Stage 2 Pellet: To achieve grains of adequate size to feed extruders, the slices from the mixing of stage 1 are cut to the appropriate size to be taken by the extruder screw, to undergo an extrusion and pellet cutting process. , cooled and bagged.
  • the extrusion process is carried out in a conventional type extruder, preferably the screw must have a profile to process polyethylene.
  • the temperature profile for heating the extruder areas is slightly upwards from the hopper to the pellet cutter head, with a maximum temperature of 128°C.
  • the molten compound extracted from the extrusion is cut by blades at the exit of the screen. Then it is cooled by a blow of ventilated air at room temperature and bagged in a double bag with a valve.
  • the bag is vacuumed with a double valve to prevent moisture from entering.
  • Storage is in accordance with the state of the art for crosslinkable plastic materials: the compound can be stored for 6 months without any problem following the rules of good art, dry environment, room temperature between 15°C and 40°C.
  • the final extrusion process of the insulating compound resulting from stage 2 is carried out on the bare conductor, the insulated phase or the cable.
  • the temperature distribution for the different areas of the extruder machine is as follows: 90°C in the first access area of the pellet to the hopper. Then, the head temperature is set at 155°C and the temperature is decreased 10°C to 15°C for each zone, from the head to the hopper. The temperature of the melt in the head is 155°C. Nozzles and pressure extrusion method are used for the purpose of achieving adhesion.
  • the crosslinked semiconductor polyethylene used does not require immersion in hot water to carry out the crosslinking process, or parking in a sauna bath supersaturated with steam.
  • the formulation of the compound and its manufacturing process imply that the hydrolysis that produces the crosslinking only depends on the entry of water molecules into the compound. Therefore, the final material resulting from stage 2 must be stored at room temperature and humidity, based on an environment of 5 - 40°C and ambient relative humidity of 10-99%.
  • Some commercial compounds of the silane type require the migration or addition of catalysts to carry out the crosslinking.
  • the semiconductor compound of the present invention does not require aggregates, catalysts or physicochemical processes subsequent to stage 2 mentioned to achieve crosslinking.
  • the present invention refers to a formulation of a semiconductor polyolefin compound and a manufacturing method from a basic formulation (Masterbatch) during its extrusion process. It is possible to obtain the insulating compound or the semiconductor compound simply by varying the charge compounds used and replacing it with conductive carbon black.
  • Semiconductor polyolefin is used in low and medium voltage power transmission cables, data cables, fiber optic cables, cathodic protection cables.
  • the compound is suitable for the manufacture of internal and external homogenization layers of insulated medium voltage cables, also for the internal homogenization layer of semi-insulated medium voltage cables for overhead power lines.
  • the semiconductor compound is determined by its formation according to Table 1 that will be described below, where the conductive carbon black is added at high load to the basic formulation and the semiconductor compound is achieved by the manufacturing process.
  • Stage 1 Mixing: the elements of the formula (see table 1) are loaded into a closed double Z mixer, the elements of the formula are mixed at a temperature between 80°C and 85°C, the mixing time lasts between 8 at 10 hours.
  • the finished compound is unloaded from the mixer in the markets according to the technique and state of the art.
  • the slices obtained from the already mixed compound can be taken directly to the extruder or left parked to carry out the process at another time.
  • Stage 2 Pellet: To achieve grains of adequate size to feed extruders, the slices from the mixing of stage 1 are cut to the appropriate size to be taken by the extruder screw, to undergo an extrusion and pellet cutting process. , cooled and bagged.
  • the extrusion process is carried out in a conventional type extruder, preferably the screw must have a profile to process polyethylene.
  • the temperature profile for heating the extruder areas rises slightly from the hopper to the pellet cutter head, with a maximum temperature of 128°C.
  • the molten compound extracted from the extrusion is cut by blades at the exit of the screen. Then it is cooled by a blow of ventilated air at room temperature and bagged in a double bag with a valve.
  • the bag is vacuumed with a double valve to prevent moisture from entering.
  • Storage is in accordance with the state of the art for crosslinkable plastic materials: the compound can be stored for 6 months without inconvenience following the rules of good art, dry environment, room temperature between 15°C and 40°C.
  • the final extrusion process of the semiconductor compound resulting from stage 2 is carried out on the bare conductor, the isolated phase or the cable.
  • the temperature distribution for the different areas of the extruder machine is as follows: 90°C in the first access area of the pellet to the hopper. Then, the head temperature is set at 155°C and the temperature is decreased 10°C to 15°C for each zone, from the head to the hopper. The temperature of the melt in the head is 155°C. Nozzles and pressure extrusion method are used for the purpose of achieving adhesion.
  • the crosslinked semiconductor polyethylene used does not require immersion in hot water to carry out the crosslinking process, or parking in a sauna bath supersaturated with steam.
  • the formulation of the compound and its manufacturing process imply that the hydrolysis that produces the crosslinking only depends on the entry of water molecules into the compound. Therefore the final material resulting from stage 2 should be stored at ambient temperature and humidity, based on an environment of 5 - 40°C and ambient relative humidity of 10-99%.
  • Some commercial compounds of the silane type require the migration or addition of catalysts to carry out the crosslinking.
  • the semiconductor compound of the present invention does not require aggregates, catalysts or physicochemical processes subsequent to stage 2 mentioned to achieve crosslinking.
  • a cross-linked polyethylene casing with semiconductor characteristics was applied by extrusion to a conductor with a circular cross-section of 6 mm2 insulated in XLPE, according to the compound described in Table 1.
  • the insulated conductor with a diameter of 5.2 mm and the conductive layer on the insulation, a thickness of 0.8 mm.
  • the manufactured cable has the constructive characteristic of a concentric cable, with the formulation of materials for the semiconductor layer and with the indicated processing and manufacturing conditions. This was stored for crosslinking under ambient conditions. A sample was taken from the semiconductor layer of the mentioned material, to record the following test values.
  • This material is based on the compound in Table 1.
  • a voltage of 216 Vca, 50 Hz was applied, depending on the electrodes connected to the sample.
  • a circuit consisting of a bipolar switch to connect to the electrical power network, a digital multimeter to measure the electrical current, a digital thermometer with type K junction to measure the temperature on the external layer of the sample and a digital voltmeter to record the voltage applied to the sample, the time being measured with a digital stopwatch.
  • V mains voltage (volt).
  • Rrev maximum electrical resistance in which, from successive temperature increases in the sample, no increases in resistance R are generated, and this may resistance take constant values in a temperature range from the point where the temperature reaches Trev. Being,
  • Trev minimum sample temperature at which Rrev occurs.
  • Tamb room temperature at which the test was performed
  • ROrev maximum volumetric resistivity of the sample in which, from successive increases in temperature, no increases in resistivity, RO, are generated, this resistivity being able to take constant values in a temperature interval from the Trev point.
  • Irev minimum current flowing through the sample at the Trev temperature for the Rrev.
  • trev the time elapsed from the start of the test and when Trev, Rrev, ROrev, Irev occur.
  • the process to determine the values of table 3 is continuous in time, so that the test is started and that after obtaining the value of Rrev, the test process continues until the occurrence of failure by ignition of the layer. semiconductor. Descriptive process of the behavior of the sample of the compound before the circulation of electric current.
  • Second phase The sample is heated by the accumulation of heat due to the circulation of electric current, the temperature increases without variation of the electrical resistance.
  • the value of the maximum electrical resistance (Rrev) is kept constant from the reversal temperature (Trev), (ZTC coefficient of resistance increase with zero temperature).
  • the single-phase concentric cable made up of a 6 mm2 cross-section copper conductor, insulated with 1 mm cross-linked polyethylene, 0.8 mm semiconductor cross-linked polyethylene layer, 6 mm2 cross-section aluminum concentric conductor, taped polyester and 1.2 mm flame retardant PVC outer wrap, outer wrap removed 10 cm.
  • a network voltage of 120 Vea 50 Hz was applied between the central phase conductor and the concentric neutral conductor that surrounds the insulation with the semiconductor layer.
  • the semiconductor compound is subjected and exposed to heat generated by an external source to the mentioned cable or also heat generated by the current that circulates through the metallic conductors of the cable in normal operation and design, not through the semiconductor layer, will not present the process of described catastrophic destruction because there is no difference in electrical potential on the semiconductor layer that is in contact with a conductor at a certain electrical potential and isolated from another conductor at another electrical potential, therefore there will be no current flow through it.
  • the non-ignition of the semiconductor compound being in a passive state, that is, without being subjected to an electrical potential difference, is verified in the aging tests of the same in a hot air oven at 121°C, the result being the change of properties mechanical but not ignition.
  • US 9,607,737 B2 proposes a resistivity (RO) value at 60°C of 990 ohm.cm. Taking this material, constructing a sample of the same geometric dimensions as that of the present study, for a length of 16 cm, and a 0.15 cm2 cross section, a current circulation of 2 mA at 60°C is obtained; while for the sample of the present study a current circulation of 90 mA at 60°C is obtained, it implies a current 45 times greater, producing 2000 times more heat.
  • RO resistivity
  • the objective of patent US9607737 is to achieve an equipotential surface that does not generate electric field concentrations in the crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) insulation of medium voltage cables.
  • the objective of the present invention is a product (cable) with an option to an anti-theft function, when the cable is attacked by means of a cutting element, it is intended that the semiconductor layer can lead to the destruction of the cable due to heat accumulation and consequent ignition when current flows through the semiconductor layer between the cut and the concentric conductor.
  • semiconductor compounds for use in self-regulating cables have a maximum electrical resistivity at a certain temperature, they call it (Rp), for temperatures higher than the one that occurs (Rp) the resistivity decreases. constantly with increasing temperature. Then it is declared that at 60°C the resistivity (RO) is 69000 ohm.cm in direct current (table 3 US3861029), while the sample of the present study shows a resistivity (RO) of 34.5 ohm.cm at 60 ° C tested in alternating current of 50Hz. According to the test, the proposed material shows a volumetric resistivity of 8.9 ohm.cm at 25°C measured in direct current.
  • the layer of semiconductor material refers to the material described in this specification.
  • Single-phase cable with one phase plus a concentric neutral conductor with a semiconductor layer It consists of a central conductor. A layer of insulating material and over it a layer of semiconducting cross-linked polyethylene. A concentric conductor above the semiconductor layer and with coverage greater than 95% of the surface of the semiconductor layer. A taping band and an outer wrap.
  • Two-phase anti-theft concentric conductor cable with a semiconductor layer It consists of a central conductor, a layer of insulating material on it and a concentric conductor wired on it. A second layer of insulating material over the concentric conductor and over it a layer of semiconductor cross-linked polyethylene. A second concentric conductor wired over the semiconductor layer with coverage greater than 95% of the surface of the semiconductor layer. A taping band and an outer wrap.
  • Three-phase anti-theft concentric conductor cable with a semiconductor layer It consists of a central conductor. A layer of insulating material over it and a concentric conductor wired over it. A second layer of insulating material on the concentric conductor, then a wired concentric conductor is arranged on it. A third layer of insulating material on the concentric conductor and a concentric conductor wired thereon and on it a layer of semiconductor cross-linked polyethylene. A third concentric conductor wired over the semiconductor layer with coverage greater than 95% of the surface of the semiconductor layer. A taping band and an outer wrap.
  • the conductors can be made of copper and its alloys, aluminum and its alloys, bimetallic copper and aluminum, aluminium/steel -acsr-.
  • the insulation can be made of PE (polyethylene), XLPE (crosslinked polyethylene), EPR (crosslinked ethylene-propylene rubber), EVA (vinyl acetate), thermoplastic rubber (TPE) and any other insulating polyolefin with flame retardant characteristics.
  • the casings can be made of PE (polyethylene), XLPE (cross-linked polyethylene), PVC (polyvinyl chloride), thermoplastic rubber (TPE), LSOH (Low smoke zero halogen). Outer wraps may be flame retardant.
  • the pre-assembled or pre-assembled cables are made up of 1, 2, 3 or more phases wired in a visible spiral on a bare carrier conductor.
  • Each phase consists of a conductor, an insulation, and a layer of semiconductor material.
  • the conductors can be made of copper and its alloys, aluminum and their alloys, bimetallic copper and aluminum.
  • the insulation materials of the phase conductor are: PE (polyethylene), XLPE (crosslinked polyethylene), EPR (crosslinked ethylene-propylene rubber), EVA (vinyl acetate), thermoplastic rubber (TPE) and all other insulating polyolefins of flame spreading characteristics.
  • a layer of semiconductor cross-linked polyethylene is extruded over the insulation of each conductor, according to the characteristics of Table 1.
  • the supporting conductor must be bare and can be made of copper and its alloys, aluminum and its alloys, aluminum-steel, or galvanized steel. .
  • Each phase consists of a conductor, an insulation and a layer of the semiconductor material according to table 1, on it. Two or three isolated phases and with the semiconductor layer are wired in close contact or arranged in parallel.
  • the conductors can be copper and its alloys, aluminum and its alloys, bimetallic copper and aluminum, aluminum/steel -AcSR-.
  • the insulation materials of the phase conductor are: PE (polyethylene), XLPE (crosslinked polyethylene), EPR (crosslinked ethylene-propylene rubber), EVA (vinyl acetate), thermoplastic rubber (TPE) and all other insulating polyolefins of flame spreading characteristics.
  • the wrappers can be made of PE (polyethylene), XLPE (cross-linked polyethylene), PVC (polyvinyl chloride), thermoplastic rubber (TPE), LSOH (Low smoke zero halogen).
  • Optical fiber cables covered by concentric conductors for the transmission of electrical energy according to patent US 20200049914 Al and symmetrical shielded pair signal cables of all possible dimensions and configurations with concentric layer cable coverings can be additionally protected extruding the semiconductor layer according to the material of table 1, on the insulation below the outermost concentric conductor (see Figure 4).

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Cable Accessories (AREA)
  • Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une formulation basique pour fabriquer des composés isolants ou des composés semi-conducteurs, une composition de composant isolant et une composition de composant semi-conducteur la comprenant et un câble pour la distribution d'énergie électrique qui empêche la connexion indésirée ou non autorisée à celui-ci afin de voler de l'énergie électrique, par conséquent, l'invention concerne un câble antivol, celui-ci comprend au moins un conducteur central (1) entouré de manière concentrique par une couche d'isolement (2), entourée de manière concentrique d'une couche de matériau semi-conducteur de courant électrique (3), suivi d'une couronne de conducteur concentrique (4) rubanée de matière synthétique (5) et entourée d'une enveloppe externe (6).
PCT/IB2022/058356 2021-09-07 2022-09-06 Formulation basique pour fabriquer des composés isolants ou des composés semi-conducteurs, composition de composé isolant apte pour une utilisation dans des conducteurs d'énergie électrique, composition de composé semi-conducteur apte pour une utilisation dans des conducteurs d'énergie électrique et câble pour la distribution d'énergie électrique empêchant la connexion indésirée ou non autorisée à celui-ci Ceased WO2023037235A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ARP210102482A AR123444A1 (es) 2021-09-07 2021-09-07 Cable para distribución de energía eléctrica que previene el conexionado indeseado no autorizado al mismo
ARP20210102482 2021-09-07

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WO2023037235A1 true WO2023037235A1 (fr) 2023-03-16

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Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2018461A (en) 1931-11-13 1935-10-22 Western Electric Co Multiple conductor sector electric cable
US3861029A (en) 1972-09-08 1975-01-21 Raychem Corp Method of making heater cable
US4200973A (en) 1978-08-10 1980-05-06 Samuel Moore And Company Method of making self-temperature regulating electrical heating cable
US5732875A (en) 1995-06-22 1998-03-31 Alcatel Kabel Ag & Co. Method for producing a sector conductor for electric power cables
US7696430B2 (en) 2003-03-28 2010-04-13 Grupo General Cable Sistemas, S.A. Metallic conductor and process of manufacturing same
EP2808906A1 (fr) * 2012-01-27 2014-12-03 Bridgestone Corporation Film d'étanchéité pour cellules solaires et cellule solaire utilisant ledit film d'étanchéité
US9607737B2 (en) 2006-10-27 2017-03-28 Borealis Technology Oy Semiconductive polyolefin composition
WO2018118603A1 (fr) * 2016-12-21 2018-06-28 Dow Global Technologies Llc Composition semiconductrice durcissable
US20200049914A1 (en) 2016-10-04 2020-02-13 José Antonio DI CIOMMO Overhead cable for the transmission of low-voltage and medium-voltage electric power and digital signal, aluminum alloy concentric conductors with a fiber-optic cable inside and drawn wire treatment process
EP3647847A1 (fr) * 2018-08-07 2020-05-06 Hengtong Optic-Electric Co., Ltd. Microcâble à jet d'air ignifuge

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2018461A (en) 1931-11-13 1935-10-22 Western Electric Co Multiple conductor sector electric cable
US3861029A (en) 1972-09-08 1975-01-21 Raychem Corp Method of making heater cable
US4200973A (en) 1978-08-10 1980-05-06 Samuel Moore And Company Method of making self-temperature regulating electrical heating cable
US5732875A (en) 1995-06-22 1998-03-31 Alcatel Kabel Ag & Co. Method for producing a sector conductor for electric power cables
US7696430B2 (en) 2003-03-28 2010-04-13 Grupo General Cable Sistemas, S.A. Metallic conductor and process of manufacturing same
US9607737B2 (en) 2006-10-27 2017-03-28 Borealis Technology Oy Semiconductive polyolefin composition
EP2808906A1 (fr) * 2012-01-27 2014-12-03 Bridgestone Corporation Film d'étanchéité pour cellules solaires et cellule solaire utilisant ledit film d'étanchéité
US20200049914A1 (en) 2016-10-04 2020-02-13 José Antonio DI CIOMMO Overhead cable for the transmission of low-voltage and medium-voltage electric power and digital signal, aluminum alloy concentric conductors with a fiber-optic cable inside and drawn wire treatment process
WO2018118603A1 (fr) * 2016-12-21 2018-06-28 Dow Global Technologies Llc Composition semiconductrice durcissable
EP3647847A1 (fr) * 2018-08-07 2020-05-06 Hengtong Optic-Electric Co., Ltd. Microcâble à jet d'air ignifuge

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