WO2023037083A1 - Procédé de dépôt de fil métallique fondu à l'aide d'un faisceau laser balayé sur la surface de la pièce. - Google Patents
Procédé de dépôt de fil métallique fondu à l'aide d'un faisceau laser balayé sur la surface de la pièce. Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023037083A1 WO2023037083A1 PCT/FR2022/051708 FR2022051708W WO2023037083A1 WO 2023037083 A1 WO2023037083 A1 WO 2023037083A1 FR 2022051708 W FR2022051708 W FR 2022051708W WO 2023037083 A1 WO2023037083 A1 WO 2023037083A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
- B23K26/342—Build-up welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
- B22F10/362—Process control of energy beam parameters for preheating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
- B22F10/366—Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/46—Radiation means with translatory movement
- B22F12/47—Radiation means with translatory movement parallel to the deposition plane
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
- B22F12/55—Two or more means for feeding material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
- B22F12/58—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads for changing the material composition, e.g. by mixing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
- B23K26/082—Scanning systems, i.e. devices involving movement of the laser beam relative to the laser head
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
- B23K26/123—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an atmosphere of particular gases
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
- B23K26/1462—Nozzles; Features related to nozzles
- B23K26/1464—Supply to, or discharge from, nozzles of media, e.g. gas, powder, wire
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of additive manufacturing DED-wire or material deposition under concentrated energy (Directed Energy Deposition-Wire) consisting in melting a metallic material in the form of a wire using concentrated thermal energy (laser, electron beam and electric arc) and deposited along a determined trajectory in order to produce cords which are juxtaposed to form a layer.
- concentrated energy laser, electron beam and electric arc
- the layers of material are superimposed until the final part is obtained, the geometry of which approaches the final object, but which will however need to be reworked.
- additive manufacturing refers to the construction of a part or product by repeatedly adding layers of material and bonding new layers to previous layers.
- the examples described can be used to perform additive manufacturing using wire (e.g., metal wire, optionally flux-cored wire, metal-core wire, etc.) as the material, melted by the action of energy from a laser beam, and deposited to form a new layer, which welds onto the previous layer.
- wire e.g., metal wire, optionally flux-cored wire, metal-core wire, etc.
- the design of a part begins with the creation of the 3D model using CAD software.
- the digital model of the part is then cut into a multitude of layers, parallel to each other, by cutting software, called a slicer, representing the different layers of material needed to manufacture the part.
- the technique involves depositing material onto a platen or component being repaired using a nozzle mounted on a multi-axis (usually 4 to 6) arm.
- the material that feeds the nozzle is supplied in powder or wire form.
- a heat source melts the material simultaneously, generally using a laser, an electron beam, an electric arc or even a plasma jet. This procedure is repeated until the layers have solidified and created or repaired an object.
- a laser beam ensures the local fusion of the wire.
- This technique allows in particular the repair or recharging of damaged metal parts and the construction by deposition under concentrated energy of relatively large parts (a dimension exceeding one meter) requiring minimal tooling, inexpensive and relatively little post-processing. DED processes also make it possible to produce components with composition gradients or composite structures made up of several materials with different compositions and structures.
- This prior art document provides for an oscillating laser beam effecting a weld by advancing over the seam not in a fixed beam path, but by moving the beam path around the center line as the beam advances.
- the laser beam is rotated around a vertical axis.
- Patent application JP2019155376 describes an additive manufacturing device proposing to inject three materials in the form of a fill.
- Paragraph [0026] specifies that a rotating prism drives the rotating beam to irradiate each of the three wire-like metallic materials.
- patent US9095928 describing a system that directs a first laser beam onto a surface of a workpiece to create a molten puddle on the surface, and a yarn feeder that advances a non-durable item to to the molten pool so that the expendable article comes into contact with the molten pool.
- the system includes a second laser beam system that directs a second laser beam at the consumable article before the consumable article enters the bath, and a controller that controls an output of the power supply and the second laser beam system.
- Patent EP3263269 relates to a welding or hardfacing apparatus in which one or more energy beam emitters are used to generate a wide beam spot transverse to a welding or hardfacing path, and one or more wire feeders supply stitch the wire to create a wide weld bead.
- the invention relates, in its most general sense, to an additive manufacturing process having the characteristics set out in claim 1.
- the method consists in controlling the movement on the surface of a piece of equipment comprising at least one laser whose beam is focused on the output of a feed head delivering at least one metal wire from a diameter D, said equipment being controlled to move the interaction zone of the beam of said laser with said at least one wire along a main trajectory representative of the geometry of the part to be manufactured, characterized in that said movement of the interaction zone is modulated by a modulation on 2 axes according to a longitudinal direction parallel to the velocity vector of said main trajectory and a transverse direction, normal to the velocity vector in the focal plane, said deviation defining a curve swept with a velocity greater than the displacement velocity along said main trajectory, said modulation on 2 axes being controlled by a control system comprising means of parameterizing for each fabr ication the control law of said modulation on 2 axes.
- the axis of the wire feed head forms an angle of between 5 and 40° with the axis of the laser beam.
- said filler wire feed head comprises a plurality of filler wire outlets converging towards an interaction zone corresponding to the intersection between the modulation of the beam on 2 axes and the surface of the part on which the cord is placed.
- At least two wires are injected into the interaction zone.
- said control system is based on an automaton and a digital control and controls a modulation of the laser beam and a modulation on the various injected wires.
- said at least one metal wire comprises at least two different materials.
- the movement of the interaction zone is controlled to provide preheating upstream of the molten pool using the beam not absorbed by the wires.
- the displacement of the interaction zone is modulated by said 2-axis modulation according to a form adapted to the injection of the filler wires so as to ensure the preheating of the zone comprising the wire and the piece upstream of the weld pool, the fusion of the filler wire(s) as well as the maintenance of the weld pool.
- the movement of the interaction zone is modulated by said 2-axis modulation according to a determined shape to act directly during the deposition of material on the width of the melt pool and thus the geometric characteristics of the material deposited. .
- At least two filler wires with different chemical compositions are injected.
- At least two filler wires of different diameters are injected.
- Figure 1 shows a schematic front view of the installation
- Figure 2 shows a schematic view of the modulation zone
- FIG. 3 represents a schematic view of the closed curve traversed by the laser beam according to a first variant
- FIG. 4 represents a schematic view of the closed curve traversed by the laser beam according to a second variant
- Figure 5 shows the manufacturing diagram of a T-shaped specimen.
- the present invention aims to facilitate the manufacture without recourse to a vacuum enclosure of large-sized parts, typically several tens or even hundreds of centimeters by additive manufacturing, and/or reloading for the repair of damaged parts of such parts.
- of large dimensions, and/or the addition of functional protrusions on parts and the performance of welding operations with addition of material with a wide range of metal alloys in the form of coiled wires, in the open air or under a controlled atmosphere at ambient pressure.
- These include wires of stainless steels, low and medium alloy steels, titanium alloys, nickel and cobalt superalloys, aluminum alloys as well as copper bases, and so general all materials conductive or not, weldable, from an operating point of view, and available in the form of wire.
- the objective of the invention is to make it possible to manufacture large-sized parts, at manufacturing speeds greater than 500cm3/h.
- This device must make it possible to maintain a regularity of the deposition layer after layer thanks to great robustness, despite the high construction speed that can be achieved.
- the invention relates more particularly to the fact that the movement of the laser beam is controlled along a main trajectory, and that this beam is also subjected to periodic movements of low amplitude around the median position defined by the main trajectory. . It differs from the prior art in that this modulation is not constant over the entire trajectory, but that certain characteristics of this modulation vary dynamically to take into account the deposit conditions which differ according to multiple parameters, in particular related to the trajectory (radius of curvature, cusp point,...) and to the specificities of the interaction zone with the wire and the support (number of wires, local temperature,).
- This modulation can be defined beforehand for each zone of the main trajectory, the modifications of the scanning parameters being controlled according to the position of the laser head on the main trajectory. It can also be driven dynamically from information supplied by a sensor, for example an optical and/or thermal camera directed towards the zone of interaction of the laser with the fuse wire(s), controlling the changes in the scanning parameters.
- a sensor for example an optical and/or thermal camera directed towards the zone of interaction of the laser with the fuse wire(s), controlling the changes in the scanning parameters.
- the invention illustrated by way of schematic example in Figure 1, is based on the use of a laser (2), of the fiber laser type, laser disk or laser diodes emitting a beam conducted by optical fiber to an optical unit (3) producing a focused beam (9) which interacts with a wire (6) injected laterally with respect to the laser beam.
- a laser (2) of the fiber laser type, laser disk or laser diodes emitting a beam conducted by optical fiber to an optical unit (3) producing a focused beam (9) which interacts with a wire (6) injected laterally with respect to the laser beam.
- This interaction makes it possible to melt this wire thanks to the use of a sufficiently high energy density (focused beam).
- the optical unit (3) which shapes the laser beam so that it interacts with the fuse material supply wire(s) and the part on which the deposition is carried out, is moved while maintaining a given distance (working distance depending on the focal length of the optical system) with respect to the surface of the part, according to a so-called main trajectory (16), following the trace of the part fixed by the additive manufacturing or reloading plan, with a local speed V in the plane (14) of the work area, and over a distance L corresponding to the course of the trajectory fixed by the manufacturing plan or reloading, while moving the laser beam (9) at the same time and independently of the so-called main trajectory (16), along a moving median axis (11) normal to the plane (14) of the work area, the point of intersection (15) between this axis (11) and this plane (14) being moved on c this surface.
- the laser beam (9) is further deflected along a periodic trajectory (13) defining a closed curve (13) falling within an interaction zone (4) between the laser beam (9) and the wire(s) (6), centered on the axis of the beam (11).
- the invention relates to the fact that the characteristics of the periodic trajectory (13) of modulation with respect to the main trajectory are dynamically adapted according to the local characteristics of the main trajectory.
- the modulation parameters which are controlled according to the local characteristics of the trajectory relate to one or more of the characteristics comprising:
- the nature of the pattern (in a circle, in a figure of eight, in a rectangle, etc.), for example by selection from a base of pre-recorded patterns
- the amplitude of the modulation The frequency of the modulation
- the local characteristic(s) taken into account to control the modulation include:
- Either the parameters of the different configurations are identified beforehand and stored in a database.
- the system analyzes the configurations encountered and uses the pre-programmed parameters according to defined selection criteria.
- Either the system can be equipped with sensors that analyze the conditions of the interaction and the deposition geometry to automatically adapt the modulation parameters and the other process parameters.
- the modulation mode is not constant but depends on the position on the main trajectory.
- modulation parameters are controlled and adjusted dynamically to favor the beam/wire interaction on certain wires or certain portions of wires rather than others in order to be able to better control and regulate the deposition of material, and counterbalance asymmetries and instabilities resulting from the type of bead, direction of travel, etc.
- the displacement of the interaction zone (4) between the laser beam (9) and the wire (6) (or the wires when the installation provides for the power supply with several wire injectors) is ensured by a combination of two movements: A main movement, along a trajectory defined by the configuration of the part to be produced, ensured by a robotic arm or a set of Cartesian motorized axes ensuring the movement of the plate (1) supporting the laser (2), the optical unit ( 3) and the feed reel as well as the wire feed head (6) A modulation displacement, according to a closed curve, ensured by a galvano-scanner or by a motorized unit (8) controlling a displacement of the laser ( 1) and the optical unit (3) with respect to the plate (1), along two axes perpendicular to the axis of the laser beam (9).
- the main displacement is determined by the geometry of the part to be produced, in a known manner from a digital definition file of the part, for example, making it possible to generate the deposition trajectories of the different layers according to an optimized path.
- the digital definition of the part Prior to the deposition operation, the digital definition of the part is cut by a multitude of mutually parallel cuts. These cuts represent the layers of material to be deposited, and the thickness of each corresponds to the thickness of the cords deposited. In each of these layers, the displacement of the deposition head is calculated to cover the surface using juxtaposed cords of material. All these movements are recorded in a file constituting the part program, then read by the numerical control of the machine, which controls the various motorized axes of the machine.
- the displacement speed V of the deposition head is of the order of a few tens of centimeters per minute, for example from 0.4 to 0.6 meters per minute. It can reach several meters per minute depending on the desired size of the cords.
- the second so-called modulation displacement takes place near the melting point of the thread or threads, along a curve, in particular a closed curve, defined by a controllable shape, with a longitudinal amplitude in the direction of main displacement, and a transverse amplitude, along the direction perpendicular to the main displacement direction, in the plane defined by the layer being formed.
- the modulation trajectory has two or more singular points where the speed along the main displacement direction is zero.
- the diameter of the wire is between 1 and 4 millimeters, typically 1.6 mm.
- the curve of this modulation displacement typically takes the form of an “8” or of a circle or any other form of pattern.
- This modulation shift is described by the laser beam at an adjustable frequency of several hundred hertz, typically 250 Hz and more generally between 200 and 300 Hz.
- the device according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention illustrated by Figures 1 and 2 consists of a plate (1) actuated by a robotic arm.
- This plate (1) supports an optical fiber carrying the laser beam is connected to an optical module comprising a scanner and beam shaping optics produced by a high-power laser source (2) (several kW, up to 'to more than 10kW) associated with an optic (3) to focus on the wire at a focal point (4) corresponding to the zone of interaction between the laser beam and a metal wire delivered by a power supply system (7) .
- a high-power laser source (2) severe kW, up to 'to more than 10kW
- the feed system (7) comprises a controlled motorized system making it possible to control the advancement of the wire (6) as far as the injection system (5) with a maximum speed of a few meters per minute, typically 4 to 6 meters per minute or even 10 m/min. It also comprises a cooling nozzle (15) and diffusion of a neutral or inert gas to protect the melt from oxidation.
- a control system based on the use of a digital control makes it possible to control, using a scanner (8), the modulation of the beam in the focal plane (4) of the optical system (2,3) according to a pattern and a programmed frequency, and to move this assembly along a programmed trajectory, made up of juxtaposed cords making it possible to cover the entire surface of the layer.”
- This modulation is to widen the energy supply zone, by melting the wire (6) when passing over it in the interaction zone (4), while maintaining a weld pool whose width is fixed by the transverse dimension with respect to the direction of advance provided by the robotic arm.
- the amplitude of this modulation reaches 10 mm, and the patterns are produced with a frequency of 250 Hz.
- the scanner (8) controls a trajectory in the form of a circle, of 8, of infinity or even of dashes, presenting two or three singular points (10 to 12) as illustrated by FIGS. 3 and 4.
- This modulation function also makes it possible to start superficially melting the surface of the part upstream of the molten pool where the deposition of the molten wire takes place and to delimit more precisely the edges of the bead of deposited material.
- the wire (6) is injected laterally relative to the beam (9), with an angle a, of approximately 30° or less.
- This lateral injection coupled with beam modulation offers several advantages: This configuration is not very sensitive to beam/wire alignment faults. Even if the wire is a little off, the beam will still be able to melt it with the same efficiency.
- a "comb" composed of several threads (6, 16, 26) can be controlled individually so as to select the desired threads in the interaction in order to modify the morphology of the deposit during use of the method: for example in the case of side-by-side beads, especially when the beads are wide, and in order to ensure a better surface geometry.
- the comb made up of several wire injections can be made up of wires of different diameters to more precisely control the melting of the filler metal along the edges or the center of the bath, and depending on the modulation parameters.
- the modulation of the beam on the wire(s) also makes it possible to use cored wires, which makes it possible to work with wires with a composition adapted to the process, making it possible, for example, to reinforce certain alloy elements in the event of volatilization during the interaction with the beam but also to extend the range of possibilities of usable wires, with for example non-drawable materials,
- the control of the displacements of the modulation makes it possible to improve the regularity and the stability of the weld pool and to vary the width of the weld pool by adjusting the modulation amplitude as well as the height of the weld pool. fusion according to the parameters of modulation of the speed of movement according to the main trajectory.
- the part of the beam not absorbed by the wire preheats the part or the previous layer upstream of the weld pool.
- Working with a large focal length offers the advantage of working with a large depth of field. This depth of field provides great operational flexibility along the Z axis: the characteristics of the beam change little over a large range, thus making it possible to maintain performance for melting the wire and depositing it on the previous layer. This is an important point because in this case profile variations will only have a limited influence on the characteristics of the deposit.
- Figure 4 illustrates the implementation of the invention for the additive manufacturing of a test piece having a cross section in the shape of a "T".
- the arrows horizontal (20) represent the main trajectories to form a layer of one of the bars of the specimen, with the order number of removal, and the vertical arrows (30) represent the main trajectories to form a layer of the another bar of the test piece.
- Width of a cord 12mm
- Modulation amplitude 6mm Modulation frequency: 250Hz
- the dimensions of the specimen are: a. Height: 80mm, b. Wall length: 250mm c. Wall thickness: 30mm
- the main trajectory includes parallel movements (20), in the example described a first rectilinear movement in one direction, over a distance of 220 millimeters, then an offset in the perpendicular direction, with a pitch of 6.4 mm and a return in the opposite direction, beam off, of 220 millimeters, and repetition to cover the width of the branch in progress.
- the layer of the complementary branch is produced, with equivalent cycles, with a spacing of 5 mm.
- the deposition head is shifted by an increment of 2.2m in the direction normal to the surface of the deposited layer to manufacture the next layer, with the same kinematics, however starting the first line on the side opposite to the first line of the previous layer, and shifting laterally in the opposite direction, so that the material deposit order is of the "1 to 4" type for one layer and "4 to 1" for the following layer.
- the process must thus make it possible to manufacture large-sized parts, at manufacturing speeds greater than 500 cm3/h.
- This device must make it possible to maintain a regularity of the deposition layer after layer thanks to great robustness, despite the high construction speed that can be achieved.
- the invention makes it possible to meet the following constraints:
- a variant consists in modifying the control in real time to adapt the modulation pattern to particular needs: several wires, change in the geometry of the bead deposited.
- the possibility of adapting the modulation pattern of the laser beam to the different injected wires makes it possible to optimize the efficiency of the coupling and thus better control the fusion thereof, while ensuring the preheating of the part. upstream of the weld pool.
- a specific injector is used making it possible to guide the different wires in the interaction zone according to the desired angles.
- This injector comprises a body effectively cooled by a water circuit, and tips called 'contact tubes' screwed into this body and interchangeable which allow the wires to be injected as close as possible to the interaction zone.
- the invention also relates to additive printing equipment operating according to this method.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US18/690,646 US20240375218A1 (en) | 2021-09-09 | 2022-09-09 | Method for depositing molten metal filament using a laser beam swept across the surface of the workpiece |
| EP22783539.4A EP4399040A1 (fr) | 2021-09-09 | 2022-09-09 | Procédé de dépôt de fil métallique fondu à l'aide d'un faisceau laser balayé sur la surface de la pièce |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2109444A FR3126633A1 (fr) | 2021-09-09 | 2021-09-09 | Procédé de dépôt de fil métallique fondu à l’aide d’un faisceau laser balayé sur la surface de la pièce |
| FRFR2109444 | 2021-09-09 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2023037083A1 true WO2023037083A1 (fr) | 2023-03-16 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2022/051708 Ceased WO2023037083A1 (fr) | 2021-09-09 | 2022-09-09 | Procédé de dépôt de fil métallique fondu à l'aide d'un faisceau laser balayé sur la surface de la pièce. |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20240375218A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4399040A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3126633A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023037083A1 (fr) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| FR3160348A1 (fr) | 2024-03-22 | 2025-09-26 | Cogit Composites | Dispositif d'impression 3d incluant un traitement radiatif in situ autour de la tête d’apport de matière thermoactivable |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9095928B2 (en) | 2012-07-06 | 2015-08-04 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Method and system for heating consumable during hot wire |
| EP3263269A1 (fr) | 2016-06-27 | 2018-01-03 | Illinois Tool Works, Inc. | Soudage à trajet large, gaine, fabrication additive |
| US20180021887A1 (en) | 2016-07-22 | 2018-01-25 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Laser welding, cladding, and/or additive manufacturing systems and methods of laser welding, cladding, and/or additive manufacturing |
| JP2019155376A (ja) * | 2018-03-07 | 2019-09-19 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 積層造形装置 |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8598523B2 (en) | 2009-11-13 | 2013-12-03 | Sciaky, Inc. | Electron beam layer manufacturing using scanning electron monitored closed loop control |
| US9902018B2 (en) | 2012-05-25 | 2018-02-27 | European Space Agency | Multi-wire feeder method and system for alloy sample formation and additive manufacturing |
| EP3383573B1 (fr) | 2015-12-04 | 2023-11-08 | Raytheon Company | Fabrication additive à faisceau d'électrons |
| CN107470624A (zh) | 2017-08-11 | 2017-12-15 | 西安增材制造国家研究院有限公司 | 多丝材功能梯度结构的增材制造方法与装置 |
-
2021
- 2021-09-09 FR FR2109444A patent/FR3126633A1/fr active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-09-09 US US18/690,646 patent/US20240375218A1/en active Pending
- 2022-09-09 EP EP22783539.4A patent/EP4399040A1/fr active Pending
- 2022-09-09 WO PCT/FR2022/051708 patent/WO2023037083A1/fr not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9095928B2 (en) | 2012-07-06 | 2015-08-04 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Method and system for heating consumable during hot wire |
| EP3263269A1 (fr) | 2016-06-27 | 2018-01-03 | Illinois Tool Works, Inc. | Soudage à trajet large, gaine, fabrication additive |
| US20180021887A1 (en) | 2016-07-22 | 2018-01-25 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Laser welding, cladding, and/or additive manufacturing systems and methods of laser welding, cladding, and/or additive manufacturing |
| JP2019155376A (ja) * | 2018-03-07 | 2019-09-19 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 積層造形装置 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3126633A1 (fr) | 2023-03-10 |
| EP4399040A1 (fr) | 2024-07-17 |
| US20240375218A1 (en) | 2024-11-14 |
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