WO2023017590A1 - コバルトおよびニッケルの回収方法 - Google Patents
コバルトおよびニッケルの回収方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023017590A1 WO2023017590A1 PCT/JP2021/029673 JP2021029673W WO2023017590A1 WO 2023017590 A1 WO2023017590 A1 WO 2023017590A1 JP 2021029673 W JP2021029673 W JP 2021029673W WO 2023017590 A1 WO2023017590 A1 WO 2023017590A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/006—Wet processes
- C22B7/007—Wet processes by acid leaching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/04—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by wet processes
- C22B23/0476—Separation of nickel from cobalt
- C22B23/0484—Separation of nickel from cobalt in acidic type solutions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G51/00—Compounds of cobalt
- C01G51/04—Oxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/04—Oxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
- C22B21/0015—Obtaining aluminium by wet processes
- C22B21/0023—Obtaining aluminium by wet processes from waste materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
- C22B21/0038—Obtaining aluminium by other processes
- C22B21/0053—Obtaining aluminium by other processes from other aluminium compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/04—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by wet processes
- C22B23/0407—Leaching processes
- C22B23/0415—Leaching processes with acids or salt solutions except ammonium salts solutions
- C22B23/043—Sulfurated acids or salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/04—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by wet processes
- C22B23/0407—Leaching processes
- C22B23/0446—Leaching processes with an ammoniacal liquor or with a hydroxide of an alkali or alkaline-earth metal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/04—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by wet processes
- C22B23/0453—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B23/0461—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by chemical methods
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/04—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching
- C22B3/06—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching in inorganic acid solutions, e.g. with acids generated in situ; in inorganic salt solutions other than ammonium salt solutions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/04—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching
- C22B3/06—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching in inorganic acid solutions, e.g. with acids generated in situ; in inorganic salt solutions other than ammonium salt solutions
- C22B3/08—Sulfuric acid, other sulfurated acids or salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/04—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching
- C22B3/12—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching in inorganic alkaline solutions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/22—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by physical processes, e.g. by filtration, by magnetic means, or by thermal decomposition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/26—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds
- C22B3/38—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds containing phosphorus
- C22B3/384—Pentavalent phosphorus oxyacids, esters thereof
- C22B3/3844—Phosphonic acid, e.g. H2P(O)(OH)2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B47/00—Obtaining manganese
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for efficiently separating aluminum and recovering cobalt and nickel from a solution containing aluminum together with cobalt and nickel. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for efficiently separating and recovering valuable cobalt and nickel from aluminum from waste of lithium ion batteries (referred to as waste LIB).
- waste LIB waste of lithium ion batteries
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 are known as means for recovering valuable metals such as cobalt and nickel from waste LIBs.
- the method of Patent Document 1 dissolves waste LIB pulverized material in acid to leach valuable metals such as cobalt and nickel, neutralizes the leachate to precipitate aluminum, and removes aluminum by solid-liquid separation.
- a method is disclosed in which cobalt and nickel are extracted into an organic solvent from the resulting leachate, separated from phosphorus and fluorine in the residual liquid, and cobalt and nickel are recovered by back-extracting from the organic solvent.
- Patent Document 2 a hydrogen peroxide solution is added to an acid in which pulverized waste LIB is immersed to leach out cobalt, nickel, etc., manganese is separated as a residue, and organic A method of extracting and separating aluminum with a solvent and recovering cobalt, nickel and the like from the extracted solution is disclosed.
- the present invention solves the conventional problems such as the above recovery method, improves the method of separating aluminum by hydroxide precipitation, and selects aluminum from hydroxides containing cobalt and nickel precipitated with aluminum. To provide a recovery method capable of effectively separating cobalt and nickel and increasing the recovery rate of cobalt and nickel.
- the present invention is a method for recovering cobalt and nickel in which the above problems are solved by the following configuration.
- an alkali is added to the acidic solution to adjust the pH to 5 to 7 to convert aluminum together with cobalt and nickel into a hydroxide, and the above-mentioned water recovered by solid-liquid separation.
- the oxide is mixed with an alkaline solution, the aluminum contained in the hydroxide is leached out under a pH of 8 or higher, and solid-liquid separation is performed to recover cobalt hydroxide and nickel hydroxide from which aluminum is separated.
- a method for recovering cobalt and nickel characterized by: [2] Caustic soda having a concentration of less than 1 mol/L is added to a sulfuric acid solution containing aluminum together with cobalt and nickel and having a concentration of 1.5 to 2 mol/L, and the solution is adjusted to pH 5 to 7 to generate hydroxide; The hydroxide collected by solid-liquid separation is mixed with a caustic soda solution having a concentration of 4 to 6 mol/L, and the aluminum contained in the hydroxide is leached out under a liquid of pH 8 or higher and a liquid temperature of 50 to 80 ° C.
- the method for recovering cobalt and nickel according to the above [1], wherein aluminum is removed by solid-liquid separation to recover cobalt hydroxide and nickel hydroxide.
- FIG. 10 is a processing process diagram of Example 2.
- the method of one embodiment of the present invention comprises adding an alkali to the acidic solution containing aluminum together with cobalt and nickel, adjusting the pH to 5 to 7 to hydroxide aluminum together with cobalt and nickel, and solid-liquid
- the separated and recovered hydroxide is mixed with an alkaline solution, the aluminum contained in the hydroxide is leached under a pH of 8 or higher, and solid-liquid separation is performed to separate cobalt hydroxide and nickel from aluminum.
- a method for recovering cobalt and nickel characterized by recovering hydroxides.
- the acidic solution containing aluminum together with cobalt and nickel used in the recovery method of the present invention is, for example, a solution obtained by leaching the positive electrode active material extracted from lithium ion battery waste with sulfuric acid.
- the positive electrode active material of the lithium ion battery contains nickel, cobalt, manganese, etc. along with lithium, and the inside of the battery is provided with a laminate material such as aluminum foil.
- the pulverized positive electrode active material obtained by crushing the lithium ion battery waste has the aluminum of the laminate material adhered thereto, and copper and the like of the current-carrying material are mixed.
- a leaching solution obtained by leaching the pulverized positive electrode active material with sulfuric acid or the like contains aluminum and copper together with nickel, cobalt and lithium. Lithium is recovered from this leachate, as well as nickel and cobalt.
- the recovery method of the present invention can be used as a method for recovering nickel and cobalt from pulverized positive electrode active material extracted from lithium ion battery waste.
- a pulverized positive electrode active material of lithium ion battery waste is leached using sulfuric acid to which hydrogen peroxide has been added.
- the recovery method of the present invention can use this copper- and manganese-removed leachate.
- the recovery method of the present invention can use a leaching solution obtained by leaching the pulverized positive electrode active material with sulfuric acid.
- the acidic solution containing aluminum together with cobalt and nickel used in the recovery method of the present invention is, for example, an acidic solution obtained by leaching the pulverized positive electrode active material with sulfuric acid having a concentration of 1.5 to 2 mol/L (sulfuric acid leaching solution (sulfuric solution)). is.
- the recovery method of the present invention has a step of selectively removing aluminum from such an acid solution containing aluminum together with cobalt and nickel to recover cobalt and nickel (de-Al step).
- the dealumination step is a step of forming a hydroxide precipitate (hereinafter referred to as Al hydroxide) containing a part of cobalt and nickel together with aluminum [Al precipitation step], and leaching aluminum from the Al hydroxide. It consists of a step [Al leaching step] and a step [separating and recovering step] of solid-liquid separation to separate and recover the leaching residue (Co, Ni hydroxide) from the aluminum leaching solution.
- Al hydroxide hydroxide precipitate
- Al hydroxides hydroxides containing part of cobalt and nickel together with aluminum
- Al sedimentation step As the alkali added to the acidic solution, for example, caustic soda having a concentration of less than 1 mol/L is used. If the pH of the solution is less than 5, aluminum hydroxide is not sufficiently formed. If the pH of the solution exceeds 7, aluminum becomes highly soluble and remains in the solution, which is not preferable. The acidic solution is adjusted to pH 5-7 to form the Al hydroxide. The Al hydroxide contains part of cobalt and nickel coprecipitated. On the other hand, unprecipitated cobalt and nickel are dissolved in the liquid.
- the above Al hydroxide is recovered by solid-liquid separation, mixed with an alkaline solution, and the mixed solution is adjusted to pH 8 or more, preferably pH 8 or more and pH 14 or less, more preferably pH 8 or more and pH 12.5 or less, and the Al water
- the aluminum oxide is leached [Al leaching step].
- a caustic soda solution with a concentration of 4 to 6 mol/L is used so that the pH becomes 8 or higher when the Al hydroxide is mixed.
- Aluminum forms a hydroxide in a liquid of pH 7 or lower, but forms a complex [Al(OH 4 )(H 2 O) 2 ] - in a liquid of pH 8 or higher.
- Aluminum is leached from the Al hydroxide in the liquid.
- the liquid temperature for leaching aluminum is preferably 50°C to 80°C. If the liquid temperature is less than 50°C, the effect of leaching aluminum is reduced.
- the cobalt and nickel contained in the Al hydroxide remain as hydroxides under a liquid of pH 8 or higher, so solid-liquid separation is performed to recover the leaching residue (Co, Ni hydroxide), The Co and Ni hydroxides contained in the leaching residue are separated from the aluminum contained in the filtrate [separation and recovery step].
- aluminum can be separated from cobalt and nickel, and cobalt and nickel coprecipitated with Al hydroxide can be recovered to avoid loss of cobalt and nickel.
- the leaching residue (Co, Ni hydroxide) does not contain aluminum
- the aluminum concentration of the sulfuric acid leaching solution (acidic solution) does not increase, allowing the cobalt and nickel recovery process to proceed without aluminum accumulation.
- the “recovery rate” in the present embodiment means the ratio of the cobalt and nickel contents in the leaching residue recovered after Al leaching to the cobalt and nickel contents in the positive electrode active material before sulfuric acid leaching. are doing.
- the aluminum removal rate was calculated by the following formula [1], and the cobalt or nickel elution rate was calculated by the following formula [2].
- Aluminum removal rate A1/A2 x 100 (%) [1] [In the above formula [1], A1 is the aluminum content in the leachate obtained in the aluminum leaching step, and A2 is the aluminum content in the precipitate obtained in the Al (aluminum) precipitation step]
- Cobalt or nickel elution rate C1/C2 x 100 (%) [2] [In the above formula [2], C1 is the content of cobalt or nickel in the leachate obtained in the aluminum leaching step, and C2 is the content of cobalt or nickel in the precipitate obtained in the Al sedimentation step]
- Example 1 14.5 g of the positive electrode active material taken out from the waste LIB was leached with 100 mL of sulfuric acid having a concentration of 2 mol/L. Solid-liquid separation was performed by suction-filtrating the precipitate, and the hydroxide precipitate was recovered (Al sedimentation step). The hydroxide precipitate had a cobalt content of 9.1 wt%, a nickel content of 12.7 wt% and an aluminum content of 25.1 wt%. 20 g of this hydroxide precipitate was mixed with 200 mL of a caustic soda solution having a concentration of 4 mol/L to obtain a caustic soda mixture having a pH of 8 or higher. This mixed solution was stirred at 80° C.
- the concentration of the caustic soda solution in the aluminum leaching step is preferably 4-6 mol/L, and the liquid temperature is preferably 50° C.-80° C. (Sample Nos. A1-A9). If the caustic soda solution has a concentration of 2 mol/L or less or a liquid temperature of less than 50° C., the removal rate of aluminum contained in the leaching residue after the separation step is lowered (Sample Nos. A10 to A19).
- Example 1 Aluminum was leached in the same manner as in Example 1, except that sulfuric acid was used instead of the caustic soda solution in the aluminum leaching step. The results are shown in Table 2 (comparative examples: sample Nos. B1 and B2). As shown in Table 2, the sulfuric acid leaching leaches cobalt and nickel to a large extent along with the aluminum, so the aluminum cannot be selectively leached and separated.
- Example 2 The pulverized positive electrode active material taken out from the waste LIB was processed according to the processing steps shown in FIG. Table 3 shows the content of cobalt, nickel, manganese, lithium, aluminum, etc. (hereinafter referred to as valuable metal content) contained in the positive electrode active material.
- This pulverized positive electrode active material was leached using sulfuric acid to which hydrogen peroxide was added [sulfuric acid leaching step].
- Table 3 shows the valuable metal content of this sulfuric acid leachate (pH 0.2).
- Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHSaq) was added to this sulfuric acid leaching solution to turn the copper in the solution into a copper sulfide precipitate, and the copper sulfide precipitate was filtered to remove copper [Cu removal step].
- Table 3 shows the contents of valuable metals in the Cu-free filtrate and the filtration residue (Cu-containing residue).
- Caustic soda (NaOH) is added to the deCu filtrate to make the pH 3.5
- sodium hypochlorite (NaClOaq) is added to convert manganese in the liquid into manganese oxide precipitate, filtered to remove the manganese oxide precipitate, and the manganese is removed.
- the filtrate was recovered [Mn removal step].
- Table 3 shows the valuable metal contents of the Mn-removed filtrate and the filtration residue (Mn-containing residue).
- a 25% caustic soda solution was added to the Mn-removed filtrate so as to adjust the pH to 5.5, and the formed hydroxide precipitate was collected by filtration [Al sedimentation step].
- This hydroxide precipitate was mixed with a 4 mol/L caustic soda solution to have a pH of 8 or higher, and stirred at 80° C. for 2 hours to leach out aluminum. Next, this was filtered to recover the filtration residue (Co, Ni residue), which was separated from the filtrate (Al leaching solution) [Al leaching step, separation and recovery step].
- Table 3 shows the content of valuable metals in the filter residue and filtrate.
- Example 3 In Example 2, the treatment of returning the filtration residue (Co, Ni residue) recovered in the separation and recovery step to the sulfuric acid leaching solution at the start of the treatment was repeated 10 times, and then the aluminum hydroxide precipitated in the Al sedimentation step was solidified. Using the liquid-separated filtrate (containing Co, Ni filtrate), the concentration of the filtrate was adjusted, and the solvent (2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester, trade name: 20 vol% PC-88A, 80 vol% kerosene mixed) were used to extract and recover cobalt and nickel. The cobalt recovery was 93.3% and the nickel recovery was 94.4%.
- the aluminum hydroxide precipitated in the Al precipitation step was solid-liquid separated into a filtrate ( Co, Ni-containing filtrate) was used, and cobalt and nickel were recovered by solvent extraction in the same manner as above. Cobalt recovery was 59.3%, nickel recovery was 64.4%, and loss of cobalt and nickel was large.
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Abstract
Description
〔1〕コバルトおよびニッケルと共にアルミニウムを含む酸性溶液について、該酸性溶液にアルカリを添加し、pH5~7に調整してコバルトおよびニッケルと共にアルミニウムを水酸化物にし、固液分離して回収した上記水酸化物をアルカリ溶液に混合し、pH8以上の液性下で上記水酸化物に含まれるアルミニウムを浸出させて固液分離し、アルミニウムを分離したコバルト水酸化物およびニッケル水酸化物を回収することを特徴とするコバルトおよびニッケルの回収方法。
〔2〕コバルトおよびニッケルと共にアルミニウムを含む濃度1.5~2mol/Lの硫酸性溶液に、濃度1mol/L未満の苛性ソーダを添加し、該溶液をpH5~7にして水酸化物を生成させ、固液分離して回収した上記水酸化物を濃度4~6mol/Lの苛性ソーダ溶液に混合し、pH8以上の液性下および液温50~80℃で、上記水酸化物に含まれるアルミニウムを浸出させ、次いで固液分離してアルミニウムを除去し、コバルト水酸化物およびニッケル水酸化物を回収する上記[1]に記載するコバルトおよびニッケルの回収方法。
〔3〕アルミニウムを除去して回収したコバルト水酸化物およびニッケル水酸化物を、処理開始時の上記酸性溶液に戻して該溶液のコバルトおよびニッケルの濃度を高める上記[1]または上記[2]に記載するコバルトおよびニッケルの回収方法。
〔4〕コバルトおよびニッケルと共にアルミニウムを含む上記酸性溶液が、リチウムイオン電池廃棄物から取り出した正極活物質粉砕物を硫酸浸出した液である上記[1]~上記[3]の何れかに記載するコバルトおよびニッケルの回収方法。
本発明の一実施形態の方法は、コバルトおよびニッケルと共にアルミニウムを含む酸性溶液について、該酸性溶液にアルカリを添加し、pH5~7に調整してコバルトおよびニッケルと共にアルミニウムを水酸化物にし、固液分離して回収した上記水酸化物をアルカリ溶液に混合し、pH8以上の液性下で上記水酸化物に含まれるアルミニウムを浸出させて固液分離し、アルミニウムを分離したコバルト水酸化物およびニッケル水酸化物を回収することを特徴とするコバルトおよびニッケルの回収方法である。
本実施形態での「回収率」は、硫酸浸出前の正極活物質に含まれるコバルト、ニッケルの含有量に対する、Al浸出後に回収された浸出残渣に含まれるコバルト、ニッケルの含有量の比率を意味している。
アルミニウム除去率=A1/A2×100(%) ・・・[1]
〔上記式[1]において、A1はアルミニウム浸出工程で得られた浸出液中のアルミニウム含有量、A2はAl(アルミニウム)澱物化工程で得られた沈殿物中のアルミニウム含有量〕
コバルトまたはニッケル溶出率=C1/C2×100(%) ・・・[2]
〔上記式[2]において、C1はアルミニウム浸出工程で得られた浸出液中のコバルトまたはニッケルの含有量、C2はAl澱物化工程で得られた沈殿物中のコバルトまたはニッケルの含有量〕
廃LIBから取り出した正極活物質14.5gを、濃度2mol/Lの硫酸100mLで浸出した液について、該浸出液がpH5.5になるよう、濃度25%の苛性ソーダ溶液を添加し、生成した水酸化物沈殿を吸引ろ過して固液分離し、該水酸化物沈澱を回収した(Al澱物化工程)。この水酸化物沈殿のコバルト含有量9.1wt%、ニッケル含有量は12.7wt%、アルミニウム含有量は25.1wt%であった。この水酸化物沈殿20gを濃度4mol/Lの苛性ソーダ溶液200mLに混合し、pH8以上の苛性ソーダ混合液にした。この混合液を80℃で2時間撹拌してアルミニウムを浸出させた(アルミニウム浸出工程)。この苛性ソーダ混合液を再び吸引ろ過して固液分離し、浸出残渣を回収した(分離回収工程)。分離工程後の濾液をICP-AESによって分析したところ、アルミニウム濃度は2.9g/Lであり、コバルトおよびニッケルは検出されなかった。一方、分離工程後の浸出残渣をXRFにて組成分析したところ、コバルト含有量30.7wt%、ニッケル含有量45.8wt%、アルミニウム含有量は3.5wt%であった。この結果によれば、分離工程後の浸出残渣に含まれるアルミニウムの除去率は68.9%であった(試料No. A1)。この浸出残渣に含まれるコバルトおよびニッケルは濃度2mol/Lの硫酸で容易に浸出できることが確認された。
アルミニウム浸出工程の苛性ソーダ溶液の濃度と液量、および浸出時の液温を変えて同様の処理を行った。この結果を表1に示した。表1に示すように、アルミニウム浸出工程の苛性ソーダ溶液の濃度は4~6mol/Lが好ましく、液温は50℃~80℃が好ましい(試料No.A1~A9)。苛性ソーダ溶液の濃度が2mol/L以下または液温が50℃未満では分離工程後の浸出残渣に含まれるアルミニウムの除去率が低下する(試料No.A10~A19)。
アルミニウム浸出工程の苛性ソーダ溶液に代えて硫酸を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてアルミニウムを浸出させた。この結果を表2に示した(比較例:試料No.B1、B2)。表2に示すように、硫酸浸出ではアルミニウムと共にコバルトおよびニッケルが大幅に浸出するので、アルミニウムを選択的に浸出して分離することができない。
廃LIBから取り出した正極活物質粉砕物を図1に示す処理工程に従って処理した。
該正極活物質に含まれるコバルト、ニッケル、マンガン、リチウム、アルミニウムなどの含有量(以下、有価金属含有量と云う)を表3に示す。この正極活物質粉砕物を、過酸化水素を加えた硫酸を用いて浸出した〔硫酸浸出工程〕。この硫酸浸出液(pH0.2)の有価金属含有量を表3に示す。この硫酸浸出液に水硫化ソーダ(NaHSaq)を加えて液中の銅を硫化銅沈澱にし、該硫化銅沈澱を濾過して銅を除去した〔脱Cu工程〕。この脱Cu濾液と濾過残渣(含Cu残渣)の有価金属含有量を表3に示す。この脱Cu濾液に苛性ソーダ(NaOH)を加えてpH3.5にし、次亜塩素酸ナトリウム(NaClOaq)を加えて液中のマンガンを酸化マンガン沈澱にし、濾過して酸化マンガン沈澱を除去し、脱Mn濾液を回収した〔脱Mn工程〕。この脱Mn濾液および濾過残渣(含Mn残渣)の有価金属含有量を表3に示す。
この脱Mn濾液にpH5.5になるよう、25%の苛性ソーダ溶液を添加し、生成した水酸化物沈殿を濾過して回収した〔Al澱物化工程〕。この水酸化物沈殿に4mol/Lの苛性ソーダ溶液を混合してpH8以上にし、80℃で2時間撹拌し、アルミニウムを浸出させた。次いで、これを濾過して濾過残渣(Co,Ni残渣)を回収し、濾液(Al浸出液)と分離した〔Al浸出工程、分離回収工程〕。この濾過残渣と濾液の有価金属含有量を表3に示す。
実施例2において、分離回収工程で回収した濾過残渣(Co,Ni残渣)を処理開始時の硫酸浸出液に戻す処理を10回繰り返した後に、Al澱物化工程で沈澱させたアルミニウム水酸化物を固液分離した濾液(含Co,Ni濾液)を用い、該濾液の濃度を調整し、溶媒(2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester、商品名:PC-88Aを20vol%、ケロシンを80vol%混合したもの)を用いてコバルトおよびニッケルを抽出して回収した。コバルトの回収率は93.3%、ニッケルの回収率は94.4%であった。
一方、分離回収工程で回収した濾過残渣(Co,Ni残渣)を処理開始時の硫酸浸出液に戻す処理を行わずに、Al澱物化工程で沈澱させたアルミニウム水酸化物を固液分離した濾液(含Co,Ni濾液)を用い、上記と同様にコバルトおよびニッケルを溶媒抽出によって回収した。コバルトの回収率は59.3%、ニッケルの回収率は64.4%であり、コバルトとニッケルの損失が大きかった。
Claims (4)
- コバルトおよびニッケルと共にアルミニウムを含む酸性溶液について、該酸性溶液にアルカリを添加し、pH5~7に調整してコバルトおよびニッケルと共にアルミニウムを水酸化物にし、固液分離して回収した上記水酸化物をアルカリ溶液に混合し、pH8以上の液性下で上記水酸化物に含まれるアルミニウムを浸出させて固液分離し、アルミニウムを分離したコバルト水酸化物およびニッケル水酸化物を回収することを特徴とするコバルトおよびニッケルの回収方法。
- コバルトおよびニッケルと共にアルミニウムを含む上記酸性溶液としての濃度1.5~2mol/Lの硫酸性溶液に、濃度1mol/L未満の苛性ソーダを添加し、該溶液をpH5~7にして水酸化物を生成させ、固液分離して回収した上記水酸化物を濃度4~6mol/Lの苛性ソーダ溶液に混合し、pH8以上の液性下および液温50~80℃で、上記水酸化物に含まれるアルミニウムを浸出させ、次いで固液分離してアルミニウムを除去し、コバルト水酸化物およびニッケル水酸化物を回収する請求項1に記載するコバルトおよびニッケルの回収方法。
- アルミニウムを除去して回収したコバルト水酸化物およびニッケル水酸化物を、処理開始時の上記酸性溶液に戻して該酸性溶液のコバルトおよびニッケルの濃度を高める請求項1または請求項2に記載するコバルトおよびニッケルの回収方法。
- コバルトおよびニッケルと共にアルミニウムを含む上記酸性溶液が、リチウムイオン電池廃棄物から取り出した正極活物質粉砕物を硫酸浸出した液である請求項1~請求項3の何れかに記載するコバルトおよびニッケルの回収方法。
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| CN202180069923.0A CN116368249B (zh) | 2021-08-11 | 2021-08-11 | 钴及镍的回收方法 |
| EP21953485.6A EP4215632B1 (en) | 2021-08-11 | 2021-08-11 | Method for recovering cobalt and nickel |
| US18/032,277 US11929473B2 (en) | 2021-08-11 | 2021-08-11 | Method of recovering cobalt and nickel |
| KR1020227018277A KR102641601B1 (ko) | 2021-08-11 | 2021-08-11 | 코발트 및 니켈의 회수 방법 |
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