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WO2023006375A1 - Appareil capteur de champs électriques pulsés (pef), système et procédé à pef - Google Patents

Appareil capteur de champs électriques pulsés (pef), système et procédé à pef Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023006375A1
WO2023006375A1 PCT/EP2022/068875 EP2022068875W WO2023006375A1 WO 2023006375 A1 WO2023006375 A1 WO 2023006375A1 EP 2022068875 W EP2022068875 W EP 2022068875W WO 2023006375 A1 WO2023006375 A1 WO 2023006375A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pef
electrodes
sensor
data
voltage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2022/068875
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Uwe Has
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BSH Hausgeraete GmbH
Original Assignee
BSH Hausgeraete GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BSH Hausgeraete GmbH filed Critical BSH Hausgeraete GmbH
Priority to CN202280052293.0A priority Critical patent/CN117716601A/zh
Priority to EP22740883.8A priority patent/EP4378050A1/fr
Publication of WO2023006375A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023006375A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/05—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using capacitive coupling
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K2207/00—Application of thermometers in household appliances
    • G01K2207/02—Application of thermometers in household appliances for measuring food temperature
    • G01K2207/06—Application of thermometers in household appliances for measuring food temperature for preparation purposes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sensor device, having an energy absorption unit which is connected to the input terminals of a rectifier, a data processing device which is connected to the energy absorption unit on the output side, to which at least one measurement sensor system is connected and which is set up to process measurement data transmitted by the at least one measurement sensor system, and a data transmission device which is connected to the energy absorption unit on the output side and is coupled in terms of data technology to the data processing device and which is at least set up to transmit data received from the data processing device.
  • the invention also relates to a system comprising a cooking product container that can be filled with liquid and at least one sensor device.
  • the invention also relates to a method for operating such a system.
  • the invention is particularly advantageous applicable to PEF cooking devices and PEF cooking systems.
  • the food preparation appliance sensor comprises at least one sensor unit for detecting at least one physical variable in the food preparation appliance and at least one position unit for detecting a position of the sensor unit in the food preparation appliance and/or for positioning one of the sensor units at a desired position in the food preparation appliance.
  • DE 10 2015 101 707 A1 discloses a cooking system comprising a control device, a hob device and a heating device with at least one heat source and at least one sensor unit for determining at least one characteristic parameter, in order to use the control device to switch the heating device of the hob device on as a function of the characteristic parameter determined control, wherein at least one separate identification unit of one identification type from a plurality of different identification types is provided and can be coupled wirelessly to the control device of the hob device, and that the identification unit includes the sensor unit and that a target range for the characteristic parameter is stored in the identification unit, and that in the different identification types different target ranges of the characteristic parameter are stored, and that the heating device of the hob device can be controlled by means of the control device depending on the identification type and the characteristic parameter.
  • EP 0441 432 A1 discloses an egg-cooking aid having a body contained in a protective cover and having heat transfer properties corresponding to those of an egg, a temperature sensor being provided in the body which cooperates with indicator means which can indicate when a temperature has been reached , Which is representative of the desired consistency of the egg, wherein the temperature-sensitive element is designed as a sensor of the type that is brought to electrical activity upon reaching the temperature, which is representative of the desired consistency of the egg, the sensor being part of an electrically is operated control circuit, which further comprises an electrical circuit which is adapted to convert the temperature signal into a sig nal for activating an acoustic signal generator.
  • EP 1 726 882 A1 discloses a cooking appliance for preparing food to be cooked with at least one hob, one hotplate and/or one cooking chamber.
  • the cooking appliance comprises at least one heating device for heating the hob or cooking chamber, an electronic control device for controlling the heating device and at least one transceiver unit which is coupled to the control device.
  • At least one RFID transponder which is wirelessly coupled to the transmitter/receiver unit, and at least one temperature sensor, which is electrically coupled to the RFID transponder, are assigned to the cooking appliance.
  • the temperature sensor can be positioned, attached and/or fastened on or in the food to be cooked.
  • a corresponding de temperature detection device with a temperature sensor and an RFID transponder.
  • EP 1 879428 A1 discloses a device for determining the temperature of a medium, in particular a foodstuff.
  • the device contains a wireless transmission device with a temperature sensor and a receiving and evaluation device provided outside the transmission device.
  • the transmission device with the temperature sensor is designed as a mobile unit for direct temperature measurement in or on the medium and the receiving and evaluation device is arranged outside of the medium.
  • EP 3 143 916 A1 discloses an auxiliary cooking device with a temperature sensor and an electronic circuit arrangement to which an output value of the temperature sensor is supplied, with the temperature sensor being able to detect a temperature of a water bath that can be heated by a hotplate, and data for controlling the temperature being transmitted from the electronic circuit arrangement of the water bath can be transmitted wirelessly to a receiving unit, and wherein the auxiliary cooking device is designed as a float, and that the auxiliary cooking device is designed as a self-erecting float, the electronic circuit arrangement being in a self-erected state of the auxiliary cooking device floating in the water bath completely above the waterline of the Cooking aid is located.
  • WO 2016/008868 A1 discloses a method for cooking a food product in a treatment chamber, wherein the treatment chamber comprises two opposing walls each forming an electrode.
  • the method comprises the steps of: (a) placing a quantity of the food product, optionally in a surrounding liquid, in the treatment chamber between the two electrodes such that the food product and/or the surrounding liquid is in direct contact with the electrodes; and (b) applying electrical pulses generated by a pulsed electrical field generator to the electrodes such that the food product is subjected to a pulsed electrical field having a field strength of 10 - 180 V/cm and the total cooking time is 0.5 - is 1000 seconds.
  • the number of pulses is 1-2,000,000 and the pulses each have a duration of 1-20,000 microseconds.
  • the food product and, if present, the surrounding liquid has an electrical conductivity of 0.01 - 10 S/m.
  • a cooking system suitable for cooking a food product according to such a method.
  • WO 2020/032796 A1 discloses a method for preparing a food product suitable for human consumption, comprising introducing a quantity of the food product, optionally in an electrically conductive surrounding medium, into a treatment chamber which has at least two opposite electrodes such that the food product and/or medium is in electrical contact with the electrodes, and subjecting the food product to a pulsed electric field by applying a train of electrical pulses generated by a pulsed electric field generator to the at least two electrodes. While the food is exposed to the pulsed electric field, certain process parameters are monitored, based on which the pulse profile of the electric pulses is changed. Also disclosed is a pulsed electric field cooker configured to perform a method of making a food product fit for human consumption.
  • WO 2012/125021 A1 discloses a system for treating a food product using PEF ("Pulsed Electric Field"), the system comprising a treatment pan and a docking station, i. i.e., a docking station of a PEF generator; wherein the treatment cup comprises first and second ports, a removable lid, a ground electrode, a voltage electrode, a first power line, and a second power line, the first power line extending out through the first port and the second power line extending through the second through hole extends outward; the coupling station is set up to hold the treatment bowl in the position of use for treating food, the coupling station has connecting lines to the PEF generator in such a way that when the treatment bowl is in the position of use, a pulsed electric field is transmitted from the PEF generator to the electrodes in the treatment bowl becomes.
  • PEF Pulsed Electric Field
  • WO 2011/139144 A1 discloses a method and system for processing a substantially solid food product wherein cell destruction of the food product occurs and the necessary temperature rise required for macronutrient processing is established.
  • the system includes means designed to subject the food product to a pulsed electric field to destroy the food product's cells and process the macronutrients, making it suitable for intended consumption and efficient digestion so that the body optimally absorbs nutrients. It is the object of the present invention to at least partially overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and in particular to provide an easy-to-use and energy-saving option for detecting states during operation of a PEF device.
  • a non-buoyant PEF sensor device having at least one pair of spaced, parallel opposing surface electrodes which are connected to input terminals of a rectifier, a voltage stabilization device connected to the output terminals of the rectifier on the input side, a data processing device connected to the voltage stabilization device on the output side , to which at least one measuring sensor system is connected and which is set up to process measurement data transmitted by the at least one measuring sensor system, and a data transmission device connected on the output side to the voltage stabilization device and coupled to the data processing device in terms of data technology, which is at least set up to receive data from the data processing device to transmit received data non-electrically.
  • Such a PEF sensor device has the advantage that it can detect and report states of a PEF device, such as a fault in the PEF device, an unfavorable filling with treatment material, a temperature of the liquid, etc., without a dedicated energy supply.
  • a PEF sensor device is understood to mean, in particular, a sensor device which is set up and provided for detecting or measuring at least one parameter during a PEF treatment.
  • flat PEF electrodes arranged on opposite sides of a liquid-filled PEF container are typically pulsed high-voltage signals - mostly as alternating polarity like an AC voltage - which generate an E in the liquid like a capacitor - Build up a field that creates a potential difference between the PEF electrodes in the liquid. Due to the pulsed operation of the PEF electrodes, the liquid and the items to be treated are heated.
  • Such PEF devices are known in principle, so that their structure and mode of operation will not be discussed in detail below.
  • a “non-buoyant" PEF sensor device is understood to mean, in particular, a PEF sensor device that does not float in the liquid but settles, for example, on the bottom of a PEF container of a PEF device.
  • the PEF sensor device or moving parts thereof can in particular have a higher density than the liquid used. This achieves the advantage that the surface electrodes are always covered or wetted by the liquid, which in turn ensures energy absorption via the E field generated in the liquid of the PEF container or the potential difference that forms in the liquid.
  • the liquid can be, for example, water or a water-based liquid, for example water mixed with salt and/or additives, for example salt water or a brine.
  • the at least one pair of spaced, parallel opposing surface electrodes serves to tap off energy from the electric field or the voltage difference in the liquid. If the surface electrodes are at different potentials, a voltage difference is generated between them, which is used to supply energy to the PEF sensor device.
  • the flat electrodes are connected to the input connections of a rectifier, which rectifies the AC voltage.
  • This rectified DC voltage which is in particular still in the form of a pulse, is stabilized by the voltage stabilization device, that is to say it is in particular stabilized and smoothed.
  • the steadying may include converting the pulses into a continuous voltage signal.
  • the output from the voltage stabilizer stabilized voltage is used to power the data processing device, the data transmission device and other electrically operated components of the PEF sensor device, if present.
  • the voltage stabilizing device can have at least one energy store which is connected in parallel to the outputs of the rectifier, e.g. is connected to these outputs.
  • the energy store can, for example, be an accumulator or a capacitor, for example an electrolytic capacitor or a GoldCap or SuperCap capacitor. Long-lasting energy stores of this type also allow the PEF sensor device to be operated over longer pauses during which the power supply to the PEF electrodes is switched off.
  • the voltage stabilizing device has a DC-DC converter (e.g. step-up/step-down converter or switched-mode power supply), which can advantageously handle a very wide input voltage range.
  • a DC-DC converter e.g. step-up/step-down converter or switched-mode power supply
  • the measurement sensor system can include one or more sensors.
  • the measurement sensor system can include one or more evaluation circuits, each of which is connected to one or more sensors in order to process their measurement signals, e.g. digitize them, standardize them, etc.
  • the evaluation circuit can be designed as an electronic component ("sensor electronics"). be present, e.g. as a microprocessor, ASIC, FPGA, etc. If at least one evaluation circuit is present, it can also be connected to the voltage stabilizing device to supply it with energy.
  • the measurement data include or contain, in particular, physical or chemical measurement variables measured or sensed by at least one sensor of the measurement sensor system.
  • the fact that the data processing device is set up to process the measurement data transmitted by the at least one measurement sensor system can include the measurement data being stored, processed, linked, monitored, selected and/or formatted, etc. for transmission to the data transmission device points in time are transmitted to the data transmission device, etc.
  • the data transmission processing device can be an electronic component, e.g. a microprocessor, ASIC, FPGA, etc.
  • the at least one evaluation circuit and the data processing device are separate modules or components of the PEF sensor device, which are coupled to one another at least in terms of data technology.
  • the at least one evaluation circuit and the data processing device are integrated into one another, e.g. by the data processing device also serving as an evaluation circuit or comprising the function of an evaluation circuit.
  • the data transmission device is "at least" set up to transmit data received from the data processing device means that the data transmission device serves as a transmitter in a further development and therefore only transmits data unidirectionally but does not also receive it. In another development, the data transmission device is also set up to receive data and then forward it to the data processing device, for example.
  • the data transmission device can therefore transmit data unidirectionally as a transmitter, e.g. to the PEF device, another external entity and/or to a user interface, or can transmit and receive data bidirectionally as a transceiver or transceiver, e.g. from the PEF device, a another external entity and/or from a user interface.
  • transmitted data can include other data, e.g. status data.
  • Received data can include queries, control commands, etc., for example.
  • the data transmission device is set up to transmit data received from the data processing device "non-electrically" means that the data transmission from and possibly to the data transmission device does not take place via an electrical line, but is galvanically isolated.
  • This has the advantage that entrainment of electrical energy (entrainment entrainment) from the PEF container is reliably prevented, as a result of which operational reliability is increased.
  • Another advantage is that the data is not disturbed by the pulsed electric field in the liquid.
  • the PEF sensor device also has a galvanically isolated user interface which can be or is coupled to the data processing device in terms of data technology and is set up at least to display data received from the data transmission device.
  • the user interface is galvanically isolated from the data transmission device and can basically be arranged at any point.
  • the user interface can be designed as a display unit, eg for displaying measurement data, or as a display and control unit for the PEF device.
  • the user interface can have, for example, control buttons, switches, an LED display and/or a touch screen, if applicable, etc.
  • the user interface has a data transmission (opposite) device that can be coupled to the data transmission device in terms of data technology, eg a Bluetooth module or a photodiode or a combination of photodiode and LED.
  • the user interface can be a mobile device such as a smartphone or a tablet, which is set up in particular by means of an application program to serve as the user interface.
  • the outputs of the voltage stabilization device are connected to the sensor system and the sensor system is set up to measure the voltage level of the output voltage of the voltage stabilization device.
  • This refinement uses the consideration that a one-sided distribution of the material to be treated in a PEF container disturbs the uniform distribution of the electrical field in the PEF container. This case can be detected by measuring the level of the supply voltage. This is because the level of the supply voltage depends on: (a) the amount of energy coupled into the liquid via the PEF electrodes by applying the PEF voltage to them and the electric current through the container triggered by the PEF voltage and (b) the Distribution of the treatment agent along the electric field in the PEF container.
  • the sensor system has at least one pair of flat electrodes ("measuring electrodes"), which are spaced apart from one another and arranged perpendicularly to the flat electrodes, and the sensor system is set up to measure a voltage difference between the measuring electrodes. If the surface electrodes are parallel to the PEF electrodes and thus perpendicular to the ideally parallel field lines of the electric field, the measuring electrodes are parallel to the field lines and thus on an identical equipotential line. Ideally, this means that no voltage difference builds up between the measuring electrodes. This uniform, parallel alignment of the electric field is approximately maintained even when the liquid contains material to be treated that is approximately evenly distributed in the liquid. This applies in particular when the electrical conductivity of the material to be treated corresponds to the electrical conductivity of the surrounding liquid.
  • an appropriate response can be made, e.g. by extending the PEF treatment process over time so that uniform heating of the items to be treated is less dependent on the direct effect of the current flow through the Treated, but is mainly caused indirectly by heating the surrounding liquid.
  • the sensors include at least one sensor from the group of temperature sensors, for example a measuring resistor (e.g. an NTC) or a thermocouple (e.g. a PTxxxx element); Salinity sensor for detecting the salinity of the liquid; further sensor for detecting a property of the liquid (apart from the salinity).
  • a measuring resistor e.g. an NTC
  • a thermocouple e.g. a PTxxxx element
  • Salinity sensor for detecting the salinity of the liquid
  • further sensor for detecting a property of the liquid (apart from the salinity).
  • the data transmission device is set up for the wireless transmission of radio signals and/or for the transmission of optical signals, that is to say in particular emits and possibly receives radio signals or optical signals.
  • the data transmission device can be, for example, a Bluetooth module or an RFID transmitter or transceiver.
  • the data transmission device can be or have, for example, an LED and possibly a photodiode.
  • the optical signals or light signals can be transmitted with or without an optical fiber (e.g. a glass fiber).
  • spacers are fitted in the area of the electrodes (surface electrodes and/or measuring electrodes).
  • the spacers prevent the material to be treated from lying on it and thus preventing direct electrical contact with it, so that this material to be treated cannot cause a short circuit.
  • the electrodes (surface electrodes and/or measuring electrodes) and/or the surfaces of sensors that wet the liquid are designed to be non-corrosive and/or do not adversely change the liquid.
  • the electrodes and/or sensor surfaces are made of stainless steel, titanium or corresponding alloys or are coated.
  • the PEF sensor device is installed in a PEF device. This has the advantage that it is always available and is not misplaced by a user. It is also possible that individual components of the PEF sensor device are installed in the PEF device, while other components can be handled independently and can therefore be removed.
  • one or more pairs of test electrodes can be firmly embedded in otherwise electrically non-conductive sides or side walls of the PEF container, which walls are particularly perpendicular to the PEF electrodes, while other components can be handled independently and after insertion into the PEF container can be electrically connected to the measuring electrodes.
  • the PEF sensor device is a self-contained assembly.
  • the assembly can be removed from the PEF container by a user. This gives the advantage that it can be removed for cleaning, storage, maintenance and/or replacement.
  • the components present in the assembly, apart from the sensors, are sealed off from the liquid. This advantageously prevents damage to these components by the liquid, e.g. due to corrosion.
  • the components present in the assembly, possibly with the exception of the sensors are electrically shielded. This advantageously prevents these components from being disrupted or even destroyed by the PEF alternating field. It is a development that the assembly has a housing.
  • the housing can be a liquid-tight and electrically shielding housing.
  • the electrodes surface electrodes and, if present, measuring electrodes
  • the housing can also be a window for the data transmission device.
  • the housing can have a cuboid basic shape.
  • an underside of the housing can serve as a support surface, while the surface electrodes are arranged on opposite side surfaces and the measuring electrodes are arranged on the other two opposite side surfaces.
  • This arrangement has the advantage that by simply aligning the housing, the area and measuring selektroden are easy to align, in particular the surface electrodes parallel to the PEF electrodes and the measuring electrodes perpendicular to it.
  • the basic shape is not limited to this, but can also be cylindrical or disk-shaped, for example.
  • the PEF sensor device has a rollable outer contour over which the surface electrodes of a plurality of pairs of surface electrodes are distributed. This refinement is particularly advantageous if the PEF sensor device is used in continuously operated PEF flow systems. Such continuous systems are known for industrial applications or in industrial plants. In continuous operation, the PEF sensor devices can "roll" with the liquid and allow real-time “in situ analysis” without any wire connection to the outside. Due to the distributed arrangement of several pairs of surface electrodes, at least one pair of surface electrodes is practically always arranged in the E field in such a way that energy can be tapped off. For this purpose, in particular, the pairs of surface electrodes are arranged in a uniformly distributed manner.
  • the outer contour that can be rolled has a regular, in particular symmetrical, basic shape.
  • the regular basic shape can be, for example, a spherical shape or a polyhedron shape (e.g. tetrahedron shape, dodecahedron shape or cube shape).
  • the basic shape is spherical, in a further development there can also be regular, in particular symmetrical, projections protruding over the surface, on which the surface electrodes are located.
  • the surface can be shaped, for example, like a virus, in particular a corona virus.
  • the kugelar-term basic shape can also be shaped like a golf ball, which advantageously facilitates a tendency to roll and cleanability.
  • the object is also achieved by a PEF system, having a PEF device with a PEF container that can be filled with liquid and has PEF electrodes attached to opposite sides, and having at least one PEF sensor device as described above.
  • the PEF system can be designed analogously to the PEF sensor device and results in the same advantages.
  • the PEF container is a cuboid container. It can have an open top that can be closed by means of a lid.
  • a further development that is particularly advantageous for flow systems is that there is a flow tube, e.g. with a round or rectangular cross section.
  • the PEF device is a PEF cooking device.
  • the PEF container is or serves as a PEF food container and the item to be treated is then in particular food (e.g. food).
  • the at least one PEF sensor device is arranged in the PEF container in such a way that the surface electrodes of at least one pair of surface electrodes are aligned at least approximately parallel to the PEF electrodes. In this way, a particularly high amount of energy can be drawn from the electric field.
  • the PEF system can be set up in such a way that the at least one PEF sensor device can be arranged or is arranged on a base of the PEF container.
  • the PEF sensor device can then in particular be handled independently.
  • the PEF container is set up to align the PEF sensor device.
  • the PEF container can have at least one marking, in particular on its base, which supports the user in correctly aligning the PEF sensor device.
  • the PEF container can be designed for the arrangement, in particular alignment, of the PEF sensor device, for example by a depression or ribs.
  • the PEF container can be set up for, in particular detachable, non-positive and/or positive attachment of the PEF sensor device, eg equipped with a clamping and/or latching device for clamping and/or latching the PEF sensor device.
  • at least the measuring electrodes of at least one pair of measuring electrodes of the PEF sensor device are arranged on opposite sides of the PEF container, each running perpendicular to the PEF electrodes. From the point of view of the current flowing through the PEF container, the respective measuring electrodes ideally lie on equipotential surfaces. Then, between the individual measuring electrodes, practically no voltage is measured, apart from possibly very small voltages, which are caused by fluctuations, e.g. B. the water in the PEF container may be dissolved.
  • a non-uniform distribution of the conductivity in the PEF container can be localized almost arbitrarily precisely by an, in particular uniform, distribution of basically any number of electrodes over the sides or walls.
  • the measuring electrodes of at least two pairs of measuring electrodes which are arranged on the same side, are arranged at different heights on the wall or are not at the same height.
  • the fill level of the liquid in the PEF container can advantageously be determined very precisely.
  • the fill level allows the average electrical conductivity of the tank contents to be calculated and thus also an estimate of the average salt content or an average salinity.
  • This can be implemented, for example, in such a way that the voltage at the PEF electrodes and the current flowing through the PEF container are known to a control device of the PEF device. With this data, the electrical resistance of the container contents can be calculated.
  • the average electrical conductivity of the container contents can be calculated. Since the conductivity is essentially determined by the salinity, this salinity is also known at least approximately.
  • the measuring electrodes can be of any shape. In this case, the measuring electrodes are advantageously as small as possible along the dominant direction of the current, because they represent local short circuits and thus lead to local distortions of the E field and thus of the current.
  • measuring electrodes are based on the measurement of a differential voltage through the measuring electrodes "perpendicular" to the ideal current direction or to the alignment of the electric field .side wall.
  • measuring electrodes can be placed on the bottom and, immersed in the liquid, accordingly, be arranged on the lid of the PEF container. If there are measuring electrodes on the side walls as well as on the base and cover, the directions of the two differential voltages and the direction of the ideal current represent an orthogonal system completely cover) possible to localize possible irregularities in the distribution of the local energy density and/or the electrical conductivity in the PEF container three-dimensionally. This can be done, for example, by solving three-dimensional partial differential equations. Such a determination of a three-dimensional spatial image of the local energy density and/or the electrical conductivity is particularly advantageous in industrial applications because it allows faults in the operation of continuously running systems to be detected very quickly.
  • the measuring electrodes on the individual sides should not be too close together, for example in such a way that gaps or distances between two adjacent measuring electrodes are significantly narrower than the surfaces themselves.
  • the PEF cooking appliance has a control device for its operation, which is linked to the PEF sensor device in terms of data technology and which is set up to control the operation as a function of data received from the PEF sensor device. to control.
  • the PEF sensor device or the control device can recognize that the material to be treated is unevenly distributed in the water, and the control device can then react to this in a suitable manner, e.g. by extending the duration of the PEF treatment over time. This intensifies the uniform heating of the material to be treated by heating the surrounding liquid.
  • control device is set up to output at least one user instruction to a user, for example of the type "Please stir the PEF container", if an uneven distribution of items to be treated has been determined.
  • the object is also achieved by a method for operating a PEF system as described above, in which during operation of the PEF system, during which the PEF container is filled with liquid, at least the surface electrodes of the PEF sensor device in the Liquid immersion and a pulsed high voltage is applied to the PEF electrodes, a voltage difference is generated at least one pair of surface electrodes due to the pulsed high voltage applied to the PEF electrodes, the voltage difference is stabilized by the voltage stabilizer, and the stabilized voltage is used for power supply is output at least to the data processing device and the data transmission device, the data processing device receives measurement data from the measurement sensors and forwards it to the data transmission device, and the data transmission device is sent by the data processing device for transmission to a further unit (e.g. a User interface, smartphone) provided data, including measurement data, are transmitted to a further unit
  • the method can be designed analogously to the PEF sensor device and the PEF system and has the same advantages.
  • the fact that the data processing device receives measurement data from the sensor system and forwards it to the data transmission device includes, in particular, that the measurement sensor system has at least one sensor which can record measured variables, in particular from the liquid. The measured variables can be forwarded to the data processing device as measured data.
  • Fig.1 shows an oblique view of a sketch of a PEF system, having a
  • PEF device with a liquid-fillable PEF container and a PEF sensor device according to a first embodiment
  • 2 shows a block diagram of a possible PEF
  • FIG 3 shows an oblique view of a sketch of a PEF container according to a second exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 shows an oblique view of a sketch of a PEF system 1, 3, having a PEF device in the form of a PEF cooking device 1 with a PEF container that can be filled with liquid (o. Fig.) in the form of a PEF cooking container 2 and a PEF sensor device 3.
  • the PEF cooking container 2 here has a cuboid basic shape that is open at the top and on each of whose parallel opposite end faces (shown here in the y, z plane) a flat PEF electrode 4 is arranged.
  • a pulse-like high-frequency alternating field can be applied to the PEF electrodes 4 by means of a pulse generator (not shown).
  • the PEF electrodes 4 therefore act like capacitor plates, so that a parallel E field E is formed between them. If the PEF food container 2 is filled with liquid, such as salty water, a corresponding electrical current flows between the PEF electrodes 4, which heats up the liquid and the food in the liquid (not shown).
  • the side walls 5 perpendicular to the PEF electrodes 4 (shown here in the x, y plane) and the bottom 6 (shown here in the x, z plane) of the PEF cooking container 2 consist of electrically insulating material, e.g. plastic or glass, so that the PEF electrodes 4 are electrically isolated from each other.
  • the open top which also serves as a filling opening for the liquid and as a loading opening for the food to be cooked, can be covered with a lid (not shown).
  • PEF electrodes can also be arranged on the base 6 and the cover.
  • the PEF cooking appliance 1 has a controller for controlling its operation.
  • the PEF cooking device 1 can also have a user interface (not shown) for displaying information and for entering commands etc. by a user.
  • the PEF cooking appliance 1 can be operated, in particular remotely, via a mobile user terminal such as a smartphone or a tablet PC.
  • the PEF sensor device 3 is used to measure physical and/or chemical parameters of the liquid such as its temperature, salinity, etc. and/or states or properties of the E-field and/or electric current and/or states or properties built up in the liquid of the food to be cooked (e.g. food) in the liquid can be determined easily and with a high level of operational reliability. She is not able to swim, but is placed here on the bottom 6 of the PEF cooking container 2 .
  • FIG. 2 shows a plan view of a block diagram of a possible variant of the PEF sensor device 3.
  • Flat electrodes 8 are arranged parallel to one another on opposite side walls of a watertight and electrically shielding housing 7 and are wetted by the liquid surrounding the PEF sensor device 3.
  • the housing 7 is chosen to be cuboid here, but can in principle have any other basic shape, e.g. a flat cylindrical shape, in which one flat side serves as a support side.
  • the PEF sensor device 3 can be handled independently here, for example, and can therefore be removed, and is advantageously arranged in the PEF container 2 in such a way that the two surface electrodes 8 are aligned parallel to the PEF electrodes 4 (here then at de in the y, z plane ). This results in the advantage that the two surface electrodes 8 lie on different equipotential surfaces of the E field E aligned in the x-direction, and a particularly high differential voltage is thereby generated between them.
  • Such an alignment of the PEF sensor device 3 can be supported, for example, by markings present on the bottom 6 of the PEF container 2 and/or mechanical alignment aids.
  • the two surface electrodes 8 are connected to inputs of a rectifier 9 such as a bridge rectifier.
  • a rectifier 9 such as a bridge rectifier.
  • a rectified, pulsed output voltage is given out at the outputs of the rectifier 9 when the electric field E is present.
  • an energy store such as a capacitor 10 is interposed, which smoothes the pulsed output voltage and can also bridge certain pauses in the application of the PEF voltage.
  • a voltage stabilization device 11 At the outputs of the rectifier 9 and parallel to the capacitor 10 inputs of a voltage stabilization device 11 are connected, which can be designed, for example, as a step-up / step-down converter or switched-mode power supply.
  • smoothing can also be effected by an inductance connected in series between an output of the rectifier 9 and an input of the voltage stabilization device 11 .
  • the capacitor 10 can also be understood as a component of the voltage stabilization device.
  • the voltage output by the voltage stabilization device 11 serves as a supply voltage for other components of the PEF sensor device 3 such as an evaluation circuit 13 belonging to a measuring sensor system 12, a data processing device 14, a data transmission device 15 and a user interface 16 (as indicated by the dotted arrows).
  • the data processing device 14 is coupled to the evaluation circuit 13 of the measurement sensor system 12 in terms of data technology (e.g. via at least one data line) and is set up to process measurement data transmitted by the evaluation circuit 13 . e.g. to the data transmission device 15 which is coupled to it in terms of data technology (e.g. via at least one data line).
  • the evaluation circuit 13 can be set up, for example, to digitize measurement signals generated by at least one sensor.
  • a temperature sensor 17 is shown here purely as an example, which is set up to sense the temperature of the surrounding medium, e.g. a Ptxxxx element such as a Pt100 or PT1000 thermocouple.
  • further dedicated sensors such as a salinity sensor (not shown) etc. can be connected to the measuring sensor system 12 .
  • Another sensor connected to the evaluation circuit 13 consists of a pair of measuring electrodes 18 lying opposite one another along the z-axis and perpendicular to the surface electrodes 8 have a zero differential voltage between them.
  • a differential voltage is formed, which consequently represents a measure of a possible disruption or distortion (eg due to food being cooked unevenly distributed in the PEF container 2).
  • the voltage level of the output or supply voltage provided by the voltage stabilization device 11 can also be processed as a measurement signal by the evaluation circuit 13 . This has the advantage that possible distortions of the E-field, for example due to food being cooked unevenly distributed in the PEF container 2, can be detected.
  • a user interface 16 is also integrated into the PEF sensor device and is arranged in and/or on the housing 7 .
  • the user interface 16 can include at least one display device such as a segment display, LED display, LCD display, etc., for example for displaying measured data such as the temperature of the surrounding medium and/or indicator lights such as lamps or LEDs, which indicate a fault-free or faulty Show status, for example by changing color.
  • the user interface 16 is also coupled to the data processing device 14 in terms of data technology and can receive data from it, e.g. measurement data and/or status data.
  • the data transmission device 15 can transmit data received from the data processing device 14, which can in particular include measurement data from the sensors 11, 17, 18, non-electrically to another entity, such as the PEF device 1, which is galvanically isolated, to an independent user interface and/or to a mobile user terminal (not shown) and also receive data. In particular, it can be set up for bidirectional data transmission.
  • the data transmission device 15 can be in the form of a radio module, in particular a Bluetooth module, or can comprise such a module.
  • the data transmission device 15 can include an opto-transceiver, which has, for example, an LED for data transmission and a photodiode for data reception.
  • the optical signals can be transmitted freely through the liquid, or the data transmission device 15 can be connected to the other entity via a fiber optic cable.
  • the other instance can represent a user interface.
  • data in particular including measurement data, can be transmitted to a control device of the PEF cooking appliance 1. which in turn is set up to control the operation of the PEF cooking appliance 1 depending on the data received in this way.
  • spacers can be present, e.g. on the base 6 and/or on the housing 7, which advantageously can prevent the food being cooked from Electro contacts 8, 18 and thus creates a short circuit, for example.
  • the PEF sensor device or at least one or more of its components can be permanently installed in the PEF container.
  • the PEF device may be an industrial device in which the liquid is passed through the PEF container.
  • the PEF sensor device can have a rollable outer contour, over which the surface electrodes of a plurality of pairs of surface electrodes are distributed and which can roll or be carried along with the flowing liquid.
  • FIG. 3 shows a sketch of a PEF container 19 in an oblique view.
  • the PEF sensor device is now integrated into the PEF device and can even do without the surface electrodes 8 if the electrically operated components be supplied directly with electrical energy by the PEF device.
  • any mixed forms are also possible.
  • mirror-symmetrical opposite measuring electrodes 20 of respective pairs of measuring electrodes are introduced into the side walls 5, here by way of example in a vertical row arrangement.
  • This series arrangement has the advantage that the fill level of the liquid in the PEF container 19 can be measured or at least estimated, for example by applying a measuring voltage, since the electrical resistance between the measuring electrodes 20 arranged above the liquid is very high compared to the electrical resistance of measuring electrodes 20 immersed in the liquid.
  • such an arrangement allows a field distribution, in particular distortion, of the E field E along the y-axis at the x-position of the determine the arrangement.
  • a row of measuring electrodes 21 extending in the z-direction can be arranged in the base 6, which are opposite measuring electrodes 21 arranged mirror-symmetrically in a cover (not shown) and immersed in the liquid.
  • the measuring electrodes 20 can be used to determine a field distribution, in particular distortion, of the E-field E along the z-axis at the x-position of the row arrangement.
  • both the measuring electrodes 20 and the measuring electrodes 21 are present. This allows a two-dimensional field distribution to be determined at the associated x-position. This principle can be extended if required, for example by providing additional rows of measuring electrodes along the x-extension.
  • the side walls 5 and/or the bottom 6 and cover can be provided with measuring electrodes 20, 21 in a matrix-like arrangement, which has the advantage that the field distribution in the PEF container 19 can be determined three-dimensionally, for example by using a System of three-dimensional differential equations.
  • a numerical specification can also include exactly the specified number as well as a customary tolerance range, as long as this is not explicitly excluded.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil capteur de champs électriques pulsés (PEF) non flottant (3) comprenant : au moins une paire d'électrodes plates opposées parallèles (8) qui sont espacées l'une de l'autre et sont connectées à des bornes d'entrée d'un redresseur (9) ; un dispositif de stabilisation de tension (10, 11) dont l'entrée est connectée aux bornes de sortie du redresseur (9) ; un dispositif de traitement de données (14) dont la sortie est connectée au dispositif de stabilisation de tension (10, 11) et auquel est connecté au moins un système de capteurs de mesure (12, 13), ce dispositif de traitement de données étant conçu pour traiter des données de mesure transmises par le ou les systèmes de capteurs de mesure (12, 13) ; et un dispositif de transmission de données (15) dont la sortie est connectée au dispositif de stabilisation de tension (10, 11) et qui est couplé au dispositif de traitement de données (14) pour la transmission de données, ce dispositif de transmission de données étant conçu au moins pour la transmission non électrique de données reçues par le dispositif de traitement de données (14). L'invention concerne également un système à PEF (1, 3) comprenant un appareil à PEF (1) qui comporte un contenant à PEF (2) pouvant être rempli de liquide et doté d'électrodes à PEF (4) fixées sur des côtés opposés, et au moins un appareil capteur de PEF (3). L'invention s'applique en particulier de manière avantageuse aux appareils de cuisson à PEF et aux systèmes de cuisson à PEF.
PCT/EP2022/068875 2021-07-28 2022-07-07 Appareil capteur de champs électriques pulsés (pef), système et procédé à pef Ceased WO2023006375A1 (fr)

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CN202280052293.0A CN117716601A (zh) 2021-07-28 2022-07-07 脉冲电场(pef)传感器装置、pef系统及方法
EP22740883.8A EP4378050A1 (fr) 2021-07-28 2022-07-07 Appareil capteur de champs électriques pulsés (pef), système et procédé à pef

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DE102021208128.2A DE102021208128A1 (de) 2021-07-28 2021-07-28 PEF-Sensorvorrichtung, PEF-System und Verfahren
DE102021208128.2 2021-07-28

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