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WO2023000103A1 - Compléments alimentaires pour ruminants contenant des graines de caméline enrobées - Google Patents

Compléments alimentaires pour ruminants contenant des graines de caméline enrobées Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023000103A1
WO2023000103A1 PCT/CA2022/051131 CA2022051131W WO2023000103A1 WO 2023000103 A1 WO2023000103 A1 WO 2023000103A1 CA 2022051131 W CA2022051131 W CA 2022051131W WO 2023000103 A1 WO2023000103 A1 WO 2023000103A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
seeds
coating material
flaked
camelina
salts
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PCT/CA2022/051131
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English (en)
Inventor
Rex Wayne Newkirk
Jack Grushcow
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Smart Earth Camelina Corp
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Smart Earth Camelina Corp
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Publication of WO2023000103A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023000103A1/fr
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/22—Compounds of alkali metals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/28—Silicates, e.g. perlites, zeolites or bentonites
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
    • A23K40/35—Making capsules specially adapted for ruminants

Definitions

  • the first and largest compartment is the rumen which opens unto the reticulum which in turn, opens into the omasum which in turn, opens into the abomasum which in turn, empties into the small intestine.
  • the initial stage of ruminant digestion occurs in the rumen. Ruminant animals do not completely chew the feed they initially ingest, which is swallowed and passes into the rumen wherein it is stored and broken down into large balls of cud. The cud is regurgitated and further chewed by the ruminant thereby mixing it with saliva and breaking down the cud particle sizes, then swallowed again back into the rumen.
  • the rumen is a fermentation compartment wherein microorganisms degrade the fibre components to initially produce monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides, and proteins.
  • the initial fermentation products are further microbially digested and hydrolyzed to produce methane, smaller proteins, peptides, ammonia, volatile fatty acids, fats and oil that have been hydrogenated, and smaller particulate matter.
  • the volatile fatty acids and about 60% of the smaller proteins and peptides are absorbed from the rumen and subsequently used as an energy source for the ruminant.
  • the methane is belched from the rumen while the ammonia is absorbed and processed into urea in the liver, and then excreted through urine.
  • the smaller undigested particles are intermixed with saliva and are passed into the reticulum and then into the omasum where water from the saliva, volatile fatty acids, ammonia, and more nutrients are absorbed thereby producing a drier digesta.
  • the pH in the rumen, reticulum, and omasum is typically in the range of pH 6.0 to 7.0, which is optimal for the fermentation and hydrolyzation of the fermentation products for absorption therefrom.
  • the drier digesta then passes into the abomasum which releases hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes that together, completely breakdown the digesta and rumen microorganisms, which then pass into the small intestine wherein occurs water, ion, and nutrient absorption while fibre breakdown continues via microbial fermentation.
  • the pH in the abomasum is reduced by the release of hydrochloric acid to typically in the range of about pH 2.0 to 3.0.
  • the pH in the small intestine (duodenum) is increased to typically in the range of about pH 7.0 to 8.0 (neutral to slightly alkaline) whereinto bile salts are also secreted.
  • the problem with ruminants used for dairy production is the modification of fatty acids, small proteins and peptides, and carbohydrates from the rumen, reduces the availability of nutrients for absorption in the small intestine resulting in suboptimal lactation and the composition of milk produced. Consequently, a number of bypass nutritional supplements have been developed and commonly used for the management of dairy ruminant nutrition.
  • Bypass supplements comprise selected active ingredients such as protein meals, essential amino acids, fats, and the like, that have been coated with materials that are resistant to microbial fermentation in the rumen, and thereby enable passage of the bypass supplements through the rumen, reticulum, and omasum into the abomasum wherein the hydrochloric acid breaks down the bypass coatings and the active ingredients are subsequently broken down for absorption in the small intestine.
  • active ingredients such as protein meals, essential amino acids, fats, and the like
  • SUMMARY Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to high-protein high-fat ruminant bypass supplement compositions for lactating ruminant livestock, and to methods for producing such supplements.
  • the present disclosure relates to a method for producing a high-protein high-fat nutrient supplement for lactating ruminant livestock, the method comprising: providing a supply of camelina seeds; cracking seeds in the supply of camelina seeds to provide flaked camelina seeds; coating the flaked camelina seeds with a liquefied coating material, the liquefied coating material being a solid in environments having temperatures less than 45 o C and near-neutral pHs in a range of 6.2 to 7.0, and which rapidly degrades or solubilizes in environments having pHs less than 3.0 and/or in neutral pH to slightly alkaline environments containing bile salts; and drying the coated flaked camelina seeds.
  • the cracking is by passage through co-rotating smooth rollers of a flaking mill and introduces fine cracks in the seeds.
  • the cracking is through a gap between rollers and the gap is between about 0.500 mm and about 0.750 mm, and more particularly between about 0.650 and 0.700 mm.
  • the step of coating the flaked camelina seeds with the liquefied coating material comprises: heating the flaked camelina seeds in steam to between about 65 o C and about 90 o C; and applying the liquefied coating material to the heated flaked camelina seeds.
  • the flaked camelina seeds are heated in steam to about 85 o C.
  • the methods herein further comprise collecting the coated flaked camelina seeds in one or more bulk containers.
  • the present disclosure relates to a high-protein high-fat nutrient supplement for lactating ruminant livestock, comprising: a plurality of flaked camelina seeds; and a coating material surrounding and encasing seeds of the plurality of flaked camelina seeds, said coating material being a solid in environments having temperatures less than 45 o C and near-neutral pHs in a range of 6.2 to 7.0, and which rapidly degrades or solubilizes in environments having pHs less than 3.0 and/or in neutral pH to slightly alkaline environments containing bile salts.
  • the high-protein high-fat nutrient supplement according the present disclosure additionally comprises an excipient selected from lecithin, clay, silica, terpenes, sterols, calcium salts, sodium salts, and combinations thereof.
  • the flaked camelina seeds of the high-protein high-fat nutrient supplement herein comprise fine cracks in the seeds.
  • the coating material provided on flaked camelina seeds is in from a range of between about 5% and about 20% by weight, more particularly between about 10% and about 15% by weight.
  • the coating material is one or more of C12-20 saturated fatty acids or their calcium salts, sodium salts, potassium salts, magnesium salts, or mixtures thereof.
  • the coating material is one or more of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, or their calcium salts, sodium salts, potassium salts, magnesium salts, or mixtures thereof.
  • the coating material is palmitic acid.
  • FIG. 1 shows images of flaked camelina seeds according to embodiments of the present disclosure that were ground with different gaps between the rollers.
  • Panel A roller gap of 0.127 mm
  • panel B roller gap of 0.508 mm
  • panel C roller gap of 0.660 mm
  • panel D roller gap of 0.690 mm.
  • FIG. 2 shows images of uncoated camelina seeds, cracked (panel A) and whole (panel B).
  • FIG. 3 shows images of cracked (panel A) and whole (panel B) camelina seeds coated with 5% by weight palmitic acid.
  • FIG. 4 shows images of cracked (panel A) and whole (panel B) camelina seeds coated with 10% by weight palmitic acid.
  • FIG. 5 shows images of cracked (panel A) and whole (panel B) camelina seeds coated with 15% by weight palmitic acid.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION The embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to bypass feed supplements for lactating ruminant livestock. As shown herein, coating cracked or flaked camelina seed with a coating material as described herein is capable of dramatically increasing the rumen bypass of the dry matter, crude protein, and ether extract. Advantageously, this would allow dairy producers to use twice as much seed in the diet without affecting milk fat production.
  • the coated camelina seed of the present disclosure is capable of being an excellent source of concentrated energy for high producing dairy cows, without affecting ruminal function or milk fat production.
  • this disclosure pertains to bypass feed supplements comprising cracked camelina seeds coated with a coating material selected to: (i) withstand the physicochemical and biological environments in ruminants’ rumen, reticulum, and omasum compartments of their digestive system wherein the pHs in the three compartments are generally in a range of about 6.2 to about 7.0, and (ii) rapidly degrade or solubilize in the highly acidic abomasum compartment wherein the pH is generally in a range of about 2.0 to about 3.0, and/or in the duodenum wherein the pH is generally in a range of about 7.0 to about 8.0 and wherein bile salts are present.
  • a coating material selected to: (i) withstand the physicochemical and biological environments in ruminants’ rumen, reticulum, and omasum compartments of their digestive system wherein the pHs in the three compartments are generally in a range of about 6.2 to about 7.0, and (ii) rapidly degrade or solubilize
  • some embodiments disclosed herein pertain to bypass feed supplements for lactating ruminant livestock, comprising coated cracked camelina seeds.
  • Some embodiments disclosed herein pertain to methods for producing bypass feed supplements for lactating ruminant livestock, comprising coated cracked camelina seeds.
  • the terms “cracked camelina seeds”, “flaked camelina seed” and “cracked or flaked camelina seeds” are used interchangeably herein to refer to camelina seed with fractured seed coats.
  • the flaked camelina seeds comprise fine cracks in the seeds.
  • fine cracks it is meant that the seeds remains substantially intact but the external layer or seed coat has cracks therein, for example capable of allowing materials to access the interior of the seeds.
  • Camelina is grown commercially for its high-value oil that contains exceptionally high levels (up to 45%) of omega-3 fatty acids, which is uncommon in vegetable sources.
  • the oil/fat content of camelina seeds is generally in a range of about 30 to about 38%, while their protein content is generally in a range of about 25% to about 30%.
  • Camelina seeds have fatty acid compositions with high levels of both polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as long-chain fatty acids.
  • camelina seeds generally comprise about: . 5.7% palmitic acid (16:1 saturated FA), . 13.9% oleic acid (18:1 n-9 mono-unsaturated omega-9 FA), . 16.6% linolenic acid (18:2 mono-unsaturated FA), .
  • camelina seeds are very rich in antioxidant activity as a consequence of their high content of antioxidant compounds including 4-vinyl derivatives of hydroxycinnamic acids, ellagic acid, protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, sinapic acid, salicylic acid, catechin, rutin, quercetin and quercetin glucoside, and phenolic compounds that are precursors of these antioxidant compounds.
  • a large percentage of the total protein content in camelina seeds comprises seed storage proteins.
  • camelina seed is rich in essential amino acids arginine, histidine, lysine, methionine, and threonine.
  • camelina seed content of antinutritive compounds such as glucosinolates, phytic acid, and erucic acid
  • camelina seed content of antinutritive compounds are significantly lower than the levels of such compounds in other oil seeds such as rapeseed, flax, soybeans, and meals prepared from these oi seeds for use as feed supplements for livestock.
  • One problem with using whole oil seeds as feed supplements for ruminant livestock relates to the initial partial chewing of feed by the animals during their feed intake followed by the rumination process. As discussed earlier, initial feed intake by ruminants is only partially chewed and then swallowed into the rumen wherein the partially chewed feed is stored and initially broken down by microbial fermentation into cud which is then regurgitated for additional chewing.
  • dairy cattle daily feed consumption time ranges from about 3.5 h to about 5 h, followed by a rumination time ranging from about 6 h to about 9 h during which the chewed feed is broken down and fermented into cud balls that are recycled between 50 to 60 times by regurgitation, rechewing, re-swallowing, and further fermentation to thereby release nutrients from the cud balls that are absorbed directly from the rumen.
  • a rumination time ranging from about 6 h to about 9 h during which the chewed feed is broken down and fermented into cud balls that are recycled between 50 to 60 times by regurgitation, rechewing, re-swallowing, and further fermentation to thereby release nutrients from the cud balls that are absorbed directly from the rumen.
  • high-protein ruminant feed supplements comprising oil seed meals that are byproducts produced by mechanical extraction of oil from selected oil seeds such as canola, soybean, cotton, flax, peanut, and palm kernels.
  • oil-seed meals also referred to as press cakes
  • press cakes contain high levels of proteins for example, soybean press cakes typically comprise 45% to 50% protein, canola press cakes typically comprise 36% to 40% protein, flax press cakes (also known as linseed press cakes) typically comprise 38% to 47% protein.
  • Such high-protein oil seed meals are typically mixed into or added to fodder used as livestock feed.
  • high-fat ruminant feed supplements comprising oils extracted from oils seeds such as canola, soybean, flax, and the like, by mixing the oils into or added to fodder used as livestock feed.
  • oils seeds such as canola, soybean, flax, and the like.
  • the problem with such high-protein and high-fat ruminant feed supplements is that the proteins, amino acids, fats, and fatty acids are fermented within the rumen during rumination processes into breakdown products that are subsequently absorbed through the rumen walls and consequently, are not available for digestion in the abomasum and absorption in the small intestine.
  • one embodiment disclosed herein pertains to high-protein high-fat ruminant bypass compositions comprising cracked or flaked camelina seeds coated with a material that is (i) insoluble and can withstand the environmental conditions within the rumen of ruminant livestock for extended periods of time, that is temperatures in a range of about 38 o C to about 42 o C, near-neutral pHs in a range of about 6.2 to about 7.0, and anaerobic fermentation activity, and (ii) easily degradable or solulizable in acidic pHs, for example, pHs of 3 and less and/or in neutral-slightly alkaline pH environments containing bile salts.
  • the present disclosure provides a high-protein high-fat nutrient supplement for lactating ruminant livestock, comprising: a plurality of flaked camelina seeds; and a coating material surrounding and encasing seeds of the plurality of flaked camelina seeds, said coating material being a solid in environments having temperatures less than 45 o C and near-neutral pHs in a range of 6.2 to 7.0, and which rapidly degrades or solubilizes in environments having pHs less than 3.0 and/or in neutral pH to slightly alkaline environments containing bile salts.
  • by “surrounding and encasing seeds” it is intended to mean that the coating material covers the external surface of the flaked camelina seeds in whole or in part.
  • a substantial majority of the external surface of the seed is coated.
  • substantial majority it is meant that at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or more of the external surface of individual seeds is coated.
  • the coating material is a solid at a temperature of less than 45 o C (e.g. between about 38 o C and about 45 o ) and a pH of between about 6.0 and about 8.0.
  • the coating material is a solid at a temperature of less than 43 o C and a pH of between about 6.5 and about 7.5.
  • the temperature is less than 40 o C and the pH is about 7.0.
  • the coating materials of the present disclosure degrade or solubilize in acidic environments, namely environments having a pH of less than 3.0, and/or in neutral pH to slightly alkaline environments containing bile salts.
  • degrade it is meant that the components or compounds of the coating material break-down (e.g. are digested) or undergo a chemical conversion to deteriorate chemically.
  • solubilize it is meant that the components or compounds of the coating material dissolve in the solution having the acidic environment.
  • the coating material rapidly degrades or solubilizes in an environment having a pH less than 3.0, less than 2.5, less than 2.0, less than 1.5, or even less.
  • the coating material that dissolves or solubilizes in an environment having a pH less than 3.0 is a C12-20 saturated fatty acid.
  • the coating material rapidly degrades or solubilizes in a neutral pH to slightly alkaline environment containing bile salts.
  • a “neutral pH environment” refers to environments having a pH at or around 7.0.
  • lightly alkaline it is meant a pH of between about 7.0 and about 9.0, more particularly between about 7.0 and about 8.0.
  • the coating material rapidly degrades or solubilizes in a neutral pH environment containing bile salts.
  • the coating material rapidly degrades or solubilizes in a slightly alkaline pH (e.g. pH 7.0 to 9.0) environment containing bile salts.
  • the coating material that dissolves or solubilizes in neutral pH to slightly alkaline environments containing bile salts is a salt of a saturated fatty acid. Salts of saturated fatty acids are insoluble in water, but digested in the small intestine due to the action of bile salts.
  • suitable coating materials may include one or more of C12-20 saturated fatty acids and their calcium, sodium, potassium or magnesium salts, and mixtures thereof.
  • a suitable coating material may be one of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, their calcium, sodium, potassium or magnesium salts, and mixtures thereof. According to a particular aspect, a suitable coating material may be palmitic acid.
  • a suitable coating material may be a surfactant derived from oleic acid, for example sodium oleate, potassium oleate, calcium oleate, ammonium oleate, sorbitan oleate, sorbitan trioleate, glyceryl oleate, methyl oleate, ethyl oleate, PEG oleate, triethanolamine oleate (TEA oleate), polysorbitan oleate, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 40, polysorbate 60, polysorbate 80, and combinations thereof.
  • oleic acid for example sodium oleate, potassium oleate, calcium oleate, ammonium oleate, sorbitan oleate, sorbitan trioleate, glyceryl oleate, methyl oleate, ethyl oleate, PEG oleate, triethanolamine oleate (TEA oleate), polysorbitan o
  • an excipient may be added to the coating material to improve or enhance the physical properties of the coating material, for example, water resistance, viscosity, plasticity, adhesiveness, stress, and temperature stability.
  • suitable excipients include lecithin, clay, silica, terpenes, sterols, calcium salts, and sodium salts.
  • seeds of the high-protein high-fat nutrient supplement of the present disclosure comprise an amount of the coating material that is between about 5% and about 20% by weight of the total weight of the coated cracked camelina seeds. In some embodiments, the coating material is in an amount of between about 10% and about 15% by weight of the total weight of the coated cracked camelina seeds.
  • the coating material is in an amount of about 5%, about 10%, about 15% or about 20% by weight of the total weight of the coated cracked camelina seeds. In a particular embodiment, the coating material is in an amount of about 15% by weight of the total weight of the coated cracked camelina seeds.
  • Another embodiment pertains to methods for producing high-protein high-fat ruminant bypass compositions comprising cracked or flaked camelina seeds, according to the present disclosure. The methods generally comprise the steps of: (i) Providing a supply of camelina seeds. In an embodiment, the supply of camelina seeds is provided as a continuous feed of camelina seeds. In an embodiment, the supply of camelina seeds are provided as batches. (ii) Cracking the seeds in the supply of camelina seeds.
  • the cracking is by passage through co-rotating smooth rollers of a flaking mill (e.g. typical of those used in oilseed extraction plants) to thereby produce cracked or flaked camelina seeds.
  • the gap between the co-rotating smooth rolls is set such that the seeds are gently cracked thereby resulting in fractures to the seed coats thereby rendering the nutrients within available for digestible but minimizing particle size reduction due to grinding. These are referred to herein as “fine cracks”.
  • the cracking is through a gap of between about 0.500 mm and about 0.750 mm. In an embodiment, the gap is between about 0.650 and 0.700 mm.
  • the gap is about 0.650 mm, about 0.660 mm, about 0.670 mm, about 0.680 mm, about 0.690 mm, or about 0.700 mm.
  • the size of the gap will depend on the size of the camelina seeds used in the methods herein, and may be smaller or larger than the embodiments specifically disclosed herein. Camelina seed with fractured seed coats thus produced, are referred to herein as flaked camelina seed.
  • the flaked camelina seeds are coated with about 5% to about 50% by weight with the coating material, more particularly with about 5% to about 20% by weight.
  • the flaked camelina seeds may be coated with about 10% to about 15% by weight with the coating material.
  • the flaked camelina seeds may be coated with about 15% by weight with the coating material.
  • the coating material may be applied to the flaked camelina seed using suitable coating equipment and methods for applying liquids to solids as is commonly used to apply liquids to pelleted feed supplements after their extrusion and pelleting.
  • the liquefied coating material may be applied by spraying as a mist to the flaked seed as it exits the flaking mill and falls through an open space in a thin layer.
  • the liquefied coating material may be applied to flaked seed being moved or mixed in a screw conveyer apparatus, but in this method, caution will be required to prevent a build-up of the coating material on equipment surfaces and on the coated seed.
  • coating the flaked camelina seeds with the liquefied coating material may comprise heating the flaked camelina seeds in steam to between about 65 o C and about 90 o C (e.g. about 85 o C); and applying the liquefied coating material to the heated flaked camelina seeds.
  • the applying may be by any suitable means.
  • the heated seed may be collected and hot coating material added directly to the heated cracked seed and mixed. The mixture may then be placed on a cool surface and allowed to harden. (i After coating, the flaked camelina seed is cooled, for example in a stream of atmospheric temperature air.
  • the cooling system should be designed to prevent sticking of the coated seeds to each other and to cooling equipment surfaces as the coating cools and hardens around the flaked seed. It is particularly suitable for the coated seeds to be cooled in a stream of ambient air as the coated seeds fall through an open space.
  • liquid application systems available including systems using simple spray nozzles to apply the liquefied coating material as moving flaked camelina seeds pass by, and also include batch-based vacuum-coating systems.
  • the coating system will apply atomized liquefied coating materials to free-falling flaked camelina seed that immediately passes through a current of cool air to thereby harden the coat flaked seed prior to its contacting surfaces and subsequent conveyance.
  • the resulting cooled high-protein high-fat ruminant bypass flaked camelina seed may then be packaged into bulk containers and stored for distribution and final use at destination sites.
  • the ruminant bypass flaked camelina compositions according to the present disclosure provide sources of high-protein high-fat nutrient supplements for lactating ruminant livestock, that will survive and pass through the rumen environmental conditions for at least 8 to 10 hr, and then will be readily available for digestion in the highly acidic abomasum environment to release therein the desirable monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, essential amino acids, and antioxidants for absorption in the small intestine.
  • the high-protein high-fat ruminant bypass flaked camelina compositions may be particularly useful for delivering a reliable high energy supply to high-milk-producing dairy cattle and thereby result in production of milk and butter that have less saturated fats, increased omaga-3 fatty acid contents, and the desired butter consistencies.
  • Examples Example 1 Seed Cracking – Camelina seeds were processed through a roller mill with different roller gaps from 0.127 mm to 0.787 mm. The flaked camelina seeds are shown in Figure 1. Panel A shows camelina seeds ground with a roller gap of 0.127 mm. Panel B shows camelina seeds ground with a roller gap of 0.508 mm. Panel C shows camelina seeds ground with a roller gap of 0.660 mm.
  • Panel D shows camelina seeds ground with a roller gap of 0.690 mm.
  • Camelina seeds are small (about 1 ⁇ 4 to 1 ⁇ 2 of the size of canola seeds) and just pass through the 0.787 mm gap without grinding. If the particles of cracked seeds are too fine, they may be utilized in the rumen quickly and difficult to coat with palmitic acid. If the seeds are fully intact upon ingestion with coating, digestion by intestinal enzymes will be reduced. Ultimately, the ideal cracked seeds were achieved at 0.690 mm. Most of the seeds were just split or cracked with minimum fines, as shown in Figure 1, panel D.
  • FIG. 2 shows uncoated camelina seeds, cracked (panel A) and whole (panel B).
  • FIG. 3 shows cracked (panel A) and whole (panel B) camelina seeds coated with 5% by weight palmitic acid.
  • FIG. 4 shows cracked (panel A) and whole (panel B) camelina seeds coated with 10% by weight palmitic acid.
  • FIG.5 shows cracked (panel A) and whole (panel B) camelina seeds coated with 15% by weight palmitic acid.
  • Figures 2 to 5 show that both cracked and whole seeds were coated with a shiny palmitic acid coating which evenly covered the surface and which would protect the material from ruminal degradation.
  • Example 3 Ruminal Degradation Analysis – The resulting cracked and coated camelina seed products from Example 2 were tested by Orskov ruminal degradation model using in-situ nylon bag analysis. The bags were incubated for 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours. The ruminal degradation of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract (fat), NDF and ADF were determined using the Orskov degradation model. Table 1 shows the chemical composition of the coated cracked camelina seeds. Ether extract (EE Fat) content increased as additional palmitic acid was used to coat the seed.
  • Increasing the thickness of the palmitic acid coating to 20% or more would likely further increase the proportion of bypass fat, but it would increase the overall saturated fat content of the seed, negating some of the positive effects of the unsaturated fat inherent in the camelina seed as well as increasing production cost. Reducing the palmitic acid content reduces the % bypass fat of the product, but it would still have value and utility in dairy rations.
  • An additional benefit of the coated camelina seed is as an excellent source of concentrated energy for high producing dairy cows while not affecting ruminal function or milk fat production (if used at reasonable levels).
  • the palmitic acid coating also increased the % bypass crude protein content of the seed.
  • the palmitic acid coating did reduce the effective degradation of ADF (EDADF) from 29.25 to 17.9 g/kg DM by the addition of 15% palmitic acid.
  • EDADF ADF
  • the ADF content of this treatment was only 6.3% and inclusion level of the ingredient will only be in the range of 8% of the diet, therefore this will not adversely impact animal production.
  • the present disclosure shows that the coating process and the cracked and coated camelina seeds herein increased ruminal bypass of the fat, protein and dry matter resulting in a product that can be used in ruminant diets as a concentrated source of unsaturated fat, bypass protein and energy.
  • Increasing the palmitic acid concentration to 15% increased the degree of rumen bypass, but also diluted the concentration of the unsaturated fat and increased production cost.
  • ranges from any lower limit may be combined with any upper limit to recite a range not explicitly recited, as well as, ranges from any lower limit may be combined with any other lower limit to recite a range not explicitly recited, in the same way, ranges from any upper limit may be combined with any other upper limit to recite a range not explicitly recited.
  • any numerical range with a lower limit and an upper limit is disclosed, any number and any included range falling within the range are specifically disclosed.
  • every range of values (of the form, "from about a to about b,” or, equivalently, “from approximately a to b,” or, equivalently, “from approximately a-b") disclosed herein is to be understood to set forth every number and range encompassed within the broader range of values even if not explicitly recited.
  • every point or individual value may serve as its own lower or upper limit combined with any other point or individual value or any other lower or upper limit, to recite a range not explicitly recited. Therefore, the present disclosure is well adapted to attain the ends and advantages mentioned as well as those that are inherent therein.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

La présente divulgation concerne des compléments alimentaires de dérivation pour ruminants à haute énergie et haute teneur en protéines pour bétail de ruminants en lactation et des procédés de production des suppléments alimentaires de dérivation de ruminants à haute énergie et à haute teneur en protéines. Les compléments alimentaires de dérivation pour ruminants comprennent des graines de caméline fissurées ou émiettées revêtues d'un matériau choisi pour être un solide dans des environnements ayant des températures inférieures à 45 °C à pH presque neutre dans une plage de 6,2 à 7,0, et pour se dégrader ou se solubiliser rapidement dans des environnements ayant des pH inférieurs à 3,0 et/ou dans des environnements à pH neutre à des environnements légèrement alcalins contenant des sels biliaires. Les matériaux de revêtement appropriés comprennent au moins un parmi des acides gras saturés en C12-20, leurs sels de calcium, leurs sels de sodium, leurs sels de potassium, leurs sels de magnésium et leurs mélanges.
PCT/CA2022/051131 2021-07-20 2022-07-20 Compléments alimentaires pour ruminants contenant des graines de caméline enrobées Ceased WO2023000103A1 (fr)

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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016154574A1 (fr) * 2015-03-25 2016-09-29 Benemilk Oy Composition d'aliment pour animaux traversant la panse de type "by-pass" et son procédé de fabrication

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016154574A1 (fr) * 2015-03-25 2016-09-29 Benemilk Oy Composition d'aliment pour animaux traversant la panse de type "by-pass" et son procédé de fabrication

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
HURTAUD, C. ET AL.: "Effects of Feeding Camelina (Seeds or Meal) on Milk Fatty Acid Composition and Butter Spreadability", JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE, vol. 90, November 2007 (2007-11-01), pages 5134 - 5145, XP026956264 *

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