WO2023095846A1 - 重合体、重合体の製造方法、及び電解質組成物、並びに電池 - Google Patents
重合体、重合体の製造方法、及び電解質組成物、並びに電池 Download PDFInfo
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- C08F222/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule; Salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof
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- C08F216/14—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
- C08F216/1416—Monomers containing oxygen in addition to the ether oxygen, e.g. allyl glycidyl ether
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- C08F222/36—Amides or imides
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- C09D129/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Coating compositions based on hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
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- C09D135/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical, and containing at least another carboxyl radical in the molecule, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
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- C09D135/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical, and containing at least another carboxyl radical in the molecule, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D135/08—Copolymers with vinyl ethers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
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- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
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- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
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- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to polymers, methods for producing polymers, electrolyte compositions, and batteries.
- Lithium-ion batteries, etc. are being actively researched due to their high capacity.
- Lithium salt solutions containing organic solvents or ionic liquids are known as electrolytes for lithium ion batteries, but solid electrolytes are being studied from the viewpoint of safety and processability. Therefore, attention is focused on polymers containing lithium ions (Patent Document 1, and Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- the polymer containing lithium ions has the advantage of being highly flexible and thus easily making contact in the solid electrolyte and at the interface with the electrode.
- the counter anion of the lithium ion is used as a functional group of the polymer, so that the anion is fixed to the polymer and the movement of ions other than lithium ions can be suppressed during charging and discharging.
- only lithium ions can be used as charge carriers (that is, they can be used as single ion conductors (SIC)).
- Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 has an oxidation potential of about 4.4 V, and there is room for improvement in the voltage resistance on the oxidation side.
- the development of a polymer that is more excellent in voltage resistance on the oxidation side is desired.
- the present disclosure has been made in view of the circumstances described above, and aims to provide a polymer having excellent voltage resistance on the oxidation side. Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a method for producing a polymer having excellent voltage resistance on the oxidation side. A further object of the present disclosure is to provide electrolyte compositions and batteries comprising such polymers.
- the polymer of the present disclosure includes a first structural unit that is at least one structural unit (A) represented by formula (A) below, a structural unit (B1) represented by formula (B1) below, and and a second structural unit that is at least one type of structural unit (B2) represented by formula (B2), and satisfies at least one of the following conditions (1) and (2).
- a ratio m of the first structural unit to all structural units contained in the polymer is 0.2 to 0.8
- a ratio n of the second structural unit to all structural units contained in the polymer. is 0.2 to 0.8.
- the content of the first structural unit is 25 to 95% by mass
- the content of the second structural unit is 5 to 75% by mass, based on the total mass of the polymer.
- X is a divalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- Y is a halogen atom or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- M is an alkali metal element selected from Li, Na and K
- * represents the position where the structural unit (A) bonds to another structural unit.
- R 1 to R 4 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R 15 is a divalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- R 16 and R 17 are each a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the molar ratio of the structural unit (C) represented by the following formula (C) to the first structural unit in the polymer is 5/95 or less.
- the oxidation potential of the polymer is 4.5 V or higher relative to the Li/Li + electrode.
- the second structural unit contains a structural unit (D) represented by the following formula (D).
- R 22 is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group
- R 21 is a monovalent organic group.
- * represents the position where the structural unit (D) bonds to another structural unit.
- the molar ratio of the structural unit (A) to the total number of moles of the structural unit (A) and the structural unit (B1) is greater than 0.40.
- the polymer of the present disclosure is a polymer containing a structural unit (A) represented by the following formula (A), wherein the structural unit represented by the following formula (C) for the structural unit (A) in the polymer
- the molar ratio of (C) may be 5/95 or less.
- X is a divalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- Y is a halogen atom or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- M is an alkali metal element selected from Li, Na and K
- * represents the position where the structural unit (A) bonds to another structural unit.
- the electrolyte composition of the present disclosure contains the above polymer.
- the electrolyte composition preferably further contains a plasticizer.
- the plasticizer is preferably an organic solvent.
- the battery of the present disclosure includes the polymer or the electrolyte composition.
- the method for producing the polymer of the present disclosure includes a monomer (A') represented by the following formula (A'), a monomer (B1') represented by the following formula (B1'), and the following formula ( A second monomer containing at least one of the monomers (B2′) represented by B2′) is polymerized.
- a monomer (A′) is a divalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- Y is a halogen atom or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R 1 to R 4 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R 15 is a divalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- R 16 and R 17 are each a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or 1 to 20 A monovalent organic group having a carbon atom, provided that the monomer (B2') does not include maleic anhydride and the monomers included in the monomer (A').
- the polymer of the present disclosure includes a monomer (A') represented by the following formula (A'), a monomer (B1') represented by the following formula (B1'), and a following formula (B2') It may be obtained by polymerizing a monomer containing a second monomer containing at least one of the monomers (B2') represented by.
- A′ X is a divalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- Y is a halogen atom or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R 1 to R 4 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R 15 is a divalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- R 16 and R 17 are each a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or 1 to 20 A monovalent organic group having a carbon atom, provided that the monomer (B2') does not include maleic anhydride and the monomers included in the monomer (A').
- the present disclosure it is possible to provide a polymer with excellent voltage resistance on the oxidation side. Moreover, according to the present disclosure, it is also possible to provide a method for producing a polymer having excellent voltage resistance on the oxidation side. Further, according to the present disclosure, electrolyte compositions and batteries comprising such polymers can be provided.
- a first structural unit which is a structural unit (A) represented by the following formula (A), a structural unit (B1) represented by the following formula (B1), and a structural unit represented by the following formula (B2) ( A second structural unit that is at least one of B2), and a polymer that satisfies at least one of the following conditions (1) and (2).
- a ratio m of the first structural unit to all structural units contained in the polymer is 0.2 to 0.8
- a ratio n of the second structural unit to all structural units contained in the polymer. is 0.2 to 0.8.
- the content of the first structural unit is 25 to 95% by mass
- the content of the second structural unit is 5 to 75% by mass, based on the total mass of the polymer.
- X is a divalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- Y is a halogen atom or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- M is an alkali metal element selected from Li, Na and K
- * represents the position where the structural unit (A) bonds to another structural unit.
- R 1 to R 4 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R 15 is a divalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- R 16 and R 17 are each a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- Such a polymer has high voltage resistance on the oxidation side.
- n is preferably 0.3 to 0.7, more preferably 0.35 to 0.65.
- the value of m/(m+n) is preferably greater than 0.40, more preferably 0.41 or more, even more preferably 0.45 or more, and particularly preferably 0.45 to 0.65.
- the content of the structural unit (A) relative to the total mass of the polymer may be 40-90% by mass, and may be 50-90% by mass.
- the content of the second structural unit with respect to the total mass of the polymer may be 10-60% by mass, and may be 10-50% by mass.
- the total content of the structural unit (A) and the second structural unit with respect to the total mass of the polymer may be 90% by mass or more, 95% by mass or more, or 98% by mass or more.
- the content of the structural unit (B1) with respect to the total mass of the polymer may be 10-60% by mass, and may be 10-50% by mass.
- the total content of structural units (A) and structural units (B1) relative to the total mass of the polymer may be 90% by mass or more, 95% by mass or more, or 98% by mass or more.
- the molar ratio of the structural unit (A) to the total number of moles of the structural unit (A) and the structural unit (B1) is preferably greater than 0.40, more preferably 0.41 or more, and 0.40. It is more preferably 45 or more, and particularly preferably 0.45 to 0.65.
- X is not particularly limited, and may be a hydrocarbon group, a group having a heteroatom, or a heterocyclic ring.
- a divalent group such as a group having a chemical structure substituted with an O- linking group can be mentioned.
- the linking groups are not adjacent to each other.
- the divalent group may have a substituent that replaces the hydrogen atom bonded to the carbon atom.
- the substituent may be a monovalent substituent, such as a halogen atom.
- the hydrocarbon group is not particularly limited, and may be an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group.
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be a linear hydrocarbon group, a branched hydrocarbon group, or a cyclic hydrocarbon group.
- the hydrocarbon group may be either a saturated hydrocarbon group or an unsaturated hydrocarbon group.
- X may be bonded to one or both of the nitrogen atoms of the two maleimide groups and the sulfur atoms of the sulfonyl groups through the carbon atoms of X.
- an aromatic hydrocarbon group is a group containing an aromatic portion and may have an aliphatic portion.
- a cyclic hydrocarbon group is a group containing a cyclic hydrocarbon moiety, and may contain a straight-chain or branched-chain hydrocarbon moiety.
- the number of carbon atoms that X has may be 1 to 15, 2 to 10, or 3 to 8.
- X may be a group having an aromatic ring, or a group having an aromatic carbocyclic ring such as a benzene ring.
- a substituent such as an alkyl group, a halogen atom, or an electron-withdrawing group may be bonded to a carbon atom that is a ring member of the carbocyclic ring.
- the hydrocarbon group as X is a phenylene group, an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a polyoxyalkylene group, or some or all of the hydrogen atoms bonded to the carbon atoms thereof are halogen atoms such as fluorine atoms It is preferably an atom-substituted group, more preferably a phenylene group or a substituted phenylene group substituted with an alkyl group, a halogen atom, an electron-withdrawing group, or the like.
- electron-withdrawing groups include halogen atoms, sulfonic acid groups or salts thereof, sulfonate esters, nitro groups, nitrile groups, and the like.
- Y is a monovalent organic group
- the organic group is not particularly limited, and may be a hydrocarbon group or a group having a heteroatom, or a heterocyclic ring.
- a monovalent group such as a group having a chemical structure substituted with an O- linking group can be mentioned.
- the linking groups are not adjacent to each other.
- the monovalent group may have a substituent that replaces a hydrogen atom bonded to a carbon atom.
- the substituent may be a monovalent substituent, such as a halogen atom.
- the hydrocarbon group is not particularly limited, and may be an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group.
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be a linear hydrocarbon group, a branched hydrocarbon group, or a cyclic hydrocarbon group.
- the hydrocarbon group may be either a saturated hydrocarbon group or an unsaturated hydrocarbon group.
- the number of carbon atoms that Y has may be 1 to 15, may be 1 to 10, may be 1 to 8, may be 1 to 5, or may be 1 to 3.
- you can The hydrocarbon group as Y is a phenyl group, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or some or all of the hydrogen atoms bonded to the carbon atoms of these groups are substituted with halogen atoms such as fluorine atoms. are preferred, fluorinated alkyl groups having 1 to 5 carbon atoms are more preferred, and fluorinated alkyl groups having 1 to 3 carbon atoms such as trifluoromethyl group are even more preferred.
- the fluorinated alkyl group may be a perfluorinated alkyl group.
- the halogen atom is preferably a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom, more preferably a fluorine atom.
- M + is an alkali metal ion, preferably lithium ion (Li + ), sodium ion (Na + ), or potassium ion (K + ), more preferably lithium ion.
- M + may contain two or three ions of Li + , Na + and K + , but preferably contains substantially only a single ion.
- R 1 to R 4 may be the same or different.
- the monovalent group may have a substituent that replaces a hydrogen atom bonded to a carbon atom.
- substituents include halogen atoms.
- the hydrocarbon group is not particularly limited, and may be an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group.
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be a linear hydrocarbon group, a branched hydrocarbon group, or a cyclic hydrocarbon group.
- the hydrocarbon group may be either a saturated hydrocarbon group or an unsaturated hydrocarbon group.
- R 1 to R 4 at least one is preferably a hydrogen atom, two or more are preferably hydrogen atoms, and three are preferably hydrogen atoms.
- the halogen atom is preferably a chlorine atom or a fluorine atom, more preferably a fluorine atom.
- Examples of monovalent organic groups include groups represented by the formula: -ZR.
- R is a monovalent organic group.
- At least one of R 1 to R 4 may be a group represented by —Z—R.
- Z is other than a covalent bond
- R is a group bonded to Z by a carbon atom of R
- Z is a covalent bond
- a carbon atom of R is directly attached to the carbon atom of the ethylene moiety in formula (B1). It is a bonding group.
- the number of carbon atoms in R is preferably 1-18, more preferably 2-15, and even more preferably 3-13.
- R may be a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group or a group represented by the formula: —(R 24 O) k —R 25 .
- the hydrocarbon group includes a group having a carbocyclic ring such as a linear or branched alkyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a benzyl group (which may be either aliphatic or aromatic), and a substituted hydrocarbon group. Examples thereof include those in which part or all of the hydrogen atoms of the above hydrocarbon group are replaced with halogen atoms (preferably fluorine atoms).
- k may be 1-6, 1-5, or 1-4.
- R 24 may be a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and may be an ethylene group. In the case of having a plurality of R 24 , all R 24 may be the same, or may be two or more alkylene groups.
- R 24 is a substituted alkylene group
- R 24 preferably has a substituent substituted for a hydrogen atom of the alkylene group exemplified when R 24 is an alkylene group.
- the substituent may be a halogen atom such as a fluorine atom.
- R 25 may be a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, may be a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and may be a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 3 It may be a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 carbon atom, a substituted or unsubstituted ethyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted methyl group.
- R 25 When R 25 is a substituted hydrocarbon group, R 25 preferably has a substituent substituted for a hydrogen atom of the hydrocarbon group exemplified when R 25 is a hydrocarbon group.
- the substituent may be a halogen atom such as a fluorine atom.
- the hydrocarbon group may be either an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group.
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be a linear hydrocarbon group, a branched hydrocarbon group, or a cyclic hydrocarbon group.
- the hydrocarbon group may be either a saturated hydrocarbon group or an unsaturated hydrocarbon group.
- R examples include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, n-pentyl group, n-hexyl group, n-heptyl group, n-octyl group, n -nonyl group, n-decyl group, n-undecyl group, n-dodecyl group, n-tridecyl group, phenyl group, benzyl group and the like.
- R is a substituted hydrocarbon group
- the hydrogen atom of the hydrocarbon group exemplified when R is a hydrocarbon group is substituted with a substituent.
- the substituent may be a halogen atom such as a fluorine atom.
- Structural unit (B1) preferably contains a structural unit (D) represented by the following formula (D).
- R 22 is a monovalent hydrocarbon group
- the number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon group is preferably 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 5, and preferably 1 to 3.
- R22 may be a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- R 21 is preferably those exemplified as R in the -ZR group above.
- the structural unit (B1) may contain structural units other than the structural unit (D).
- Examples of such structural units include structural units (E) represented by the following formula (E).
- a monovalent group of NR 31 (R 31 is a hydrogen atom or an organic group. * indicates the bonding position of the structural unit (E) with another structural unit.)
- R 31 is an organic group, it is preferably a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group.
- the number of carbon atoms in the substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group is preferably 1 to 18, more preferably 1 to 15, even more preferably 1 to 10, and 1 to 5 is particularly preferred.
- the polymer may contain a structural unit (B2) represented by the following formula (B2).
- R 15 is a divalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- R 16 and R 17 are each a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or 1 to 20 carbon atoms. It is a monovalent organic group having an atom.
- the number of carbon atoms contained in R 15 is preferably 2-10, more preferably 2-6, even more preferably 3-5.
- R 35 is a monovalent organic group.
- R 15 contains a plurality of such divalent groups, the plurality of divalent groups are not adjacent to each other.
- R 15 may also have a hydrocarbon moiety or a substituted hydrocarbon moiety obtained by substituting a hydrogen atom of the hydrocarbon moiety with a substituent.
- substituents include halogen atoms.
- the hydrocarbon group is not particularly limited, and may be an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group.
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be a linear hydrocarbon group, a branched hydrocarbon group, or a cyclic hydrocarbon group.
- the hydrocarbon group may be either a saturated hydrocarbon group or an unsaturated hydrocarbon group.
- the number of carbon atoms possessed by R 15 may be from 1 to 15, from 2 to 10, from 2 to 8, or from 3 to 6.
- the hydrocarbon group as R 15 is an alkylene group or polyalkyleneoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or some or all of the hydrogen atoms bonded to the carbon atoms thereof are halogen atoms such as fluorine atoms. A substituted group is preferred.
- R 16 and R 17 are organic groups
- specific examples of the organic groups include those exemplified as specific examples of R 1 to R 4 .
- Structural unit (B2) is a different group from structural unit (A). That is, the structural unit included in the structural unit (A) is not included in the structural unit (B2).
- R 35 is -X-SO 2 -N -M + -SO 2 -Y(X,M , and Y have the same meanings as X, M, and Y in formula (A))
- at least one of R 16 and R 17 is a monovalent substitution other than a hydrogen atom
- substituents include halogen atoms, monovalent organic groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and the like.
- the number of carbon atoms possessed by the monovalent organic group is preferably 1 to 10, more preferably 1 to 5.
- Structural unit (B2) is a group different from structural unit (C) described later.
- the number of carbon atoms possessed by the monovalent organic group is preferably 1 to 10, more preferably 1 to 5.
- the structural unit (B2) may contain at least one of a structural unit derived from a maleic anhydride derivative and a structural unit derived from a maleimide derivative.
- a structural unit derived from a maleic anhydride derivative and a structural unit derived from a maleimide derivative are structural units having a chemical structure directly obtained by radical polymerization of a maleic anhydride derivative and a maleimide derivative, respectively.
- the molar ratio of structural units derived from the maleic anhydride derivative to the first structural units may be 5/95 or less.
- R35 is a monovalent organic group.
- the number of carbon atoms possessed by the monovalent organic group may be 1 to 15, 2 to 10, 2 to 8, or 3 to 6.
- R 15 When R 15 is an organic group, R 15 may be a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group.
- the number of carbon atoms in the substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group is preferably 1-18, more preferably 1-15, even more preferably 1-10.
- the polymer may contain structural units derived from hydrocarbon compounds having multiple ethylenically unsaturated groups such as butadiene and isoprene.
- the polymer may have structural units derived from a cross-linking agent.
- cross-linking agents include compounds having multiple ethylenically unsaturated groups in the molecule, such as hexanediol diacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, divinylbenzene, and triethylene glycol divinyl ether.
- the polymer may contain two or more types of structural units (A), or may contain only one type of structural unit (A). Moreover, the polymer may contain two or more second structural units, or may contain only one second structural unit. When a plurality of second structural units are included, one or both of the structural unit (B1) and the structural unit (B2) may be included in a plurality of types, and the structural unit (B1) and the structural unit (B2) are each Each one may be included.
- the number average molecular weight (Mn) of the polymer may be from 5,000 to 200,000, from 8,000 to 120,000, or from 10,000 to 100,000.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polymer may be from 5,000 to 300,000, from 10,000 to 250,000, from 20,000 to 100,000.
- the molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) of the polymer may be from 1.0 to 3.0, and from 1.3 to 2.7.
- the number average molecular weight and weight average molecular weight of the polymer can be measured, for example, by gel permeation chromatography.
- the polymer may or may not contain a structural unit (C) represented by the following formula (C).
- the content of the structural unit (C) in the polymer is preferably 5/95 or less, more preferably 3/97 or less, and 1/99 in terms of molar ratio of the structural unit (C) to the structural unit (A). It is more preferable in it being below. When the content of the structural unit (C) in the polymer is within such a range, the voltage resistance of the polymer on the oxidation side tends to be higher.
- the polymer may be substantially free of structural units (C).
- the polymer may also contain a structural unit produced by reacting the structural unit (A) with one or two molecules of water or a structural unit produced by hydrolysis of the structural unit (C).
- a method for producing a polymer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure comprises a monomer (A′) represented by the following formula (A′) (also referred to as a first monomer) and the following formula (B1′): ) and a second monomer containing at least one of the monomer (B1 ') represented by the following formula (B2 ') and the monomer (monomer polymerizing the body mixture).
- a method for producing a polymer is a suitable method for producing the polymer of the present embodiment. It should be noted that the second monomer may be used in excess of the desired proportion in the polymer.
- X is a divalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- Y is a halogen atom or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- M is an alkali metal element selected from Li, Na and K.
- R 1 to R 4 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- 15 is a divalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- R 16 and R 17 are each a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. is.
- Preferred examples of X, Y and M in the monomer (A') include those exemplified as X, Y and M in the structural unit (A) of the polymer above.
- R 1 to R 4 in the monomer (B1′) include those exemplified as R 1 to R 4 in the structural unit (B1) of the polymer above. That is, the monomer (B1) includes a monomer (D') represented by the following formula (D'), a monomer (E') represented by the following formula (E'), and the like. .
- R 22 , Z and R 21 include those exemplified as R 22 , Z and R 21 of structural unit (D).
- R 11 to R 14 include those exemplified as R 11 to R 14 of structural unit (E).
- R 15 to R 17 include those exemplified as R 15 to R 17 of structural unit (B2).
- Monomer (B2') does not contain maleic anhydride and none of the monomers contained in monomer (A').
- the monomer (B1') may be an alkyl (meth)acrylate, an olefin compound, styrene or a styrene derivative, a vinyl ester compound, or a vinyl ether compound, preferably an olefin compound or a vinyl ether compound.
- the vinyl ether compound may be an alkyl vinyl ether.
- Vinyl ether compounds include methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, n-propyl vinyl ether, isopropyl vinyl ether, n-butyl vinyl ether, isobutyl vinyl ether, t-butyl vinyl ether, n-pentyl vinyl ether, n-hexyl vinyl ether, n-heptyl vinyl ether, n-octyl Alkyl vinyl ethers having linear or branched alkyl groups such as vinyl ether, 2-ethylhexyl vinyl ether, n-nonyl vinyl ether, n-decyl vinyl ether, n-undecyl vinyl ether, n-dodecyl vinyl ether, n-tridecyl vinyl ether; cyclohexyl vinyl ether , vinyl ether compounds having a carbocyclic ring (which may be either alipha
- vinyl ether compounds include two or more molecules in the molecule such as tetraethylene glycol methyl vinyl ether, 3,6,9,12,15-pentaoxa-1-heptadecene and 2-(heptafluoropropoxy)hexafluoropropyltrifluorovinyl ether. It may be a compound having an ether bond.
- Styrene derivatives include alkyl-substituted styrene.
- Alkyl groups as substituents may be methyl or ethyl groups.
- alkyl-substituted styrene include ⁇ -methylstyrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene (cis-type, trans-type, and mixtures thereof), 2-methylstyrene, 3-methylstyrene, 4- Methylstyrene and the like can be mentioned.
- styrene derivatives include alkoxystyrenes such as 4-methoxystyrene and 4-ethoxystyrene; and halogen-substituted styrenes such as 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorostyrene.
- the polymerizable composition contains a monomer (A'), a second monomer, and a radical polymerization initiator. That is, the polymerization reaction of the monomers takes place in the polymerizable composition and is initiated in the presence of the initiator.
- m is the number of moles of the monomer (A') with respect to the number of moles of all the monomers contained in the polymer composition
- m is preferably 0.3 to 0.7, more preferably 0.4 to 0.4. 6 is more preferable.
- n is the number of moles of the monomer (B1′) with respect to the number of moles of all monomers contained in the polymer composition
- n is preferably 0.3 to 0.7, and 0.4 to 0. .6 is more preferred.
- the value of m / (m + n) in the polymerizable composition is preferably greater than 0.40, more preferably 0.41 or more, further preferably 0.45 or more, and 0.45 to 0.60 It is especially preferable to have There is no problem if the sum of m and n in the polymerizable composition is 1 or less.
- the polymer is such that the structural unit (A) and the second structural unit are alternately tend to have an ordered primary structure.
- the radical polymerization initiator may be either a thermal initiator or a photoinitiator.
- thermal initiators include 2,2-azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN); 2,2-azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile) (AMBN), 2,2-azobis(2,4- azo initiators such as dimethylvaleronitrile) (ADVN), 1,1-azobis(1-cyclohexanecarbonitrile) (ACHN, V-40), dimethyl-2,2-azobisisobutyrate (MAIB);
- organic peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide, di-8,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl peroxide, dilauroyl peroxide, didecanoyl peroxide, and di(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl) peroxide.
- photoinitiators include oxime-based compounds, metallocene-based compounds, acylphosphine-based compounds, aminoacetophenone compounds, and the like.
- the polymerizable composition may contain a chain transfer agent such as carbon tetrachloride.
- the polymerizable composition may contain a cross-linking agent as necessary. Moreover, the polymerizable composition may contain a solvent. In addition, the polymerizable composition may not contain maleic anhydride, and the molar ratio of maleic anhydride to the monomer (A) is 5/95 or less, more preferably 3/97 or less, and 1/ It is more preferable that it is 99 or less.
- the polymer according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure includes a structural unit (A) represented by the following formula (A), and a structure represented by the following formula (C) for the structural unit (A) in the polymer
- the molar ratio of units (C) is 5/95 or less.
- Such a polymer has excellent voltage resistance on the oxidation side.
- X is a divalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- Y is a halogen atom or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- M is an alkali metal element selected from Li, Na and K
- * represents the position where the structural unit (A) bonds to another structural unit.
- the polymer according to the second embodiment may be a copolymer containing a structural unit (A) and a structural unit other than the structural unit (A) as structural units.
- the copolymer may contain the structural unit (A) as a main component.
- the polymer may not contain the structural unit (C), and the molar ratio of the structural unit (C) to the structural unit (A) is 5/95 or less, more preferably 3/97 or less. , 1/99 or less.
- the content of the structural unit (C) in the polymer is within this range, the oxidation stability of the polymer tends to be high.
- the ratio m of the structural unit (A) to all structural units contained in the polymer may be 0.2 to 0.95, may be 0.2 to 0.8, and m is 0.3 to It is preferably 0.7, more preferably 0.4 to 0.6. n is preferably 0.3 to 0.7, more preferably 0.4 to 0.6.
- Preferred examples of the structural unit (A) may be those exemplified as the structural unit (A) in the polymer of the first embodiment.
- the polymer of the present embodiment may contain structural units other than the structural unit (A).
- a structural unit is preferably a structural unit obtained by radically polymerizing a monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group, and may be the second structural unit in the polymer of the first embodiment. It may be at least one of the unit (B1) and the structural unit (B2).
- the types of the structural unit (B1) and the structural unit (B2), and the content range of the structural unit (B1) and the structural unit (B2) can be the same as in the first embodiment.
- the polymer according to the present embodiment may contain a structural unit derived from a cross-linking agent, and the structural unit (A) is a structural unit generated by reacting with one or two molecules of water, or a structural unit (C) may contain a structural unit produced by hydrolysis.
- the molar ratio of structural units derived from the maleic anhydride derivative to the first structural units may be 5/95 or less.
- a structural unit derived from maleic anhydride is a structural unit having a chemical structure directly obtained by radical polymerization of a maleic anhydride derivative.
- the method for producing the polymer of the present embodiment preferably includes a step of polymerizing a monomer (monomer mixture) containing the monomer (A') represented by formula (A').
- a method for producing a polymer is a suitable method for producing the polymer of the present embodiment.
- Polymerization of the monomers may be carried out in a polymerizable composition containing an initiator.
- the polymers of the first and second embodiments tend to have high ionic conductivity (alkali metal ion conductivity) and thus may be included in batteries as ionically conductive materials.
- the polymer of the present embodiment can be used, for example, as electrolytes for batteries such as lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries and potassium-ion batteries, electrolytes for capacitors, and the like.
- the oxidation potential of the polymer of the first and second embodiments is preferably 4.5 V or higher, more preferably 4.6 V or higher, and 4.8 V or higher relative to the Li/Li + electrode. Especially preferred.
- the polymers of the first and second embodiments may be mixed with a plasticizer to form an electrolyte composition for use as a battery electrolyte or the like. That is, the electrolyte composition of this embodiment contains the polymer of the first or second embodiment and may further contain a plasticizer.
- the plasticizer may be an organic solvent or an aprotic solvent.
- the organic solvent may be at least one selected from the group consisting of carbonate-based solvents, fluorine-based solvents, and ether-based solvents, and these solvents may be aprotic solvents.
- the use of a plasticizer tends to make the electrolyte composition easier to mold.
- carbonate-based solvents examples include chain carbonates such as dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and ethylmethyl carbonate; cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate and vinylene carbonate.
- ether solvents include cyclic ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran and 1,3-dioxolane; chain ethers such as 1,2-diethoxyethane and ethoxymethoxyethane.
- fluorine-based solvents examples include hydrofluorocarbons such as perfluorooctane; hydrofluoroethers such as methyl nonafluorobutyl ether and ethyl nonafluorobutyl ether; and hydrofluoroolefins such as 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene. mentioned.
- the solvent include aprotic solvents such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO); amide solvents such as dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethylacetamide (DMA).
- the content of the plasticizer in the electrolyte composition may be 20 to 500 parts by mass, 50 to 300 parts by mass, or 100 to 250 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymer. .
- the electrolyte composition may further contain other resins.
- Other resins include fluorine-based resins.
- fluorine-based resins As the fluororesin, a resin having a carbon chain as a main chain is preferable. The carbon chain may be formed by radical polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated groups.
- the fluororesin include poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF).
- the electrolyte composition may contain an alkali metal salt such as a lithium salt in addition to the polymer.
- the lithium salt is not particularly limited, but LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiClO 4 , LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , Li 2 SO 4 , Li[(C h F 2h+1 )SO 2 ] 2 N (h is 0 to 3 ) and the like.
- alkali metal salts other than lithium salts include those obtained by replacing lithium in the specific examples of the above lithium salts with other alkali metal elements such as sodium and potassium.
- B1 manufactured by Tokyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd., a commercially available reagent with a purity of >99% was diluted with 10% NaOHaq. Then, it was washed with pure water, sealed with KOH, dried overnight, added with CaH 2 and distilled under atmospheric pressure to improve the purity and used.
- B2 Aldrich, commercial reagent of >98% purity sealed with CaCl2 , dried overnight, added CaH2 and vacuum distilled to improve purity and used.
- B3 Aldrich, >98% pure commercial reagent used as received.
- B4 Aldrich, commercial reagent of >98% purity sealed with CaCl2 , dried overnight, added CaH2 and vacuum distilled to improve purity and used.
- Monomer B1 isobutyl vinyl ether monomer
- B2 n-dodecyl vinyl ether monomer
- B3 tetraethylene glycol methyl vinyl ether monomer
- B4 styrene
- AIBN azobisisobutyroni
- oxidation potential of each copolymer of Examples A1 to A4 and Comparative Example A1 was measured as follows.
- the copolymer was dissolved in a 1 M LiClO 4 propylene carbonate solution to prepare a polymer solution.
- the concentration of the copolymer in the polymer solution was 10 mM in terms of lithium ions.
- the polymer solution is injected into a triode cell (manufactured by EC Frontier) in the glove box, and an argon atmosphere is measured using a measurement device (HZ7000 electrochemical measurement system, manufactured by Hokuto Denko Co., Ltd.).
- Linear sweep voltammetry (sweep speed: 5 mV/s, sweep range: +5.5 V from open circuit potential to Li/Li + standard, working electrode: platinum wire, counter electrode: lithium, reference electrode: lithium) was performed at 20 ⁇ A. The potential at which a current density of /cm 2 was observed was taken as the oxidation potential. Table 1 shows the results.
- Example B1 200 parts by mass of a plasticizer was added to 100 parts by mass of copolymer 1 to obtain an electrolyte composition.
- a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate (volume ratio 1:1) was used as the plasticizer. The following various measurements were performed on the resulting electrolyte composition. Table 2 shows the results.
- Ionic conductivity A coin cell CR2032 evaluation cell was assembled in a glove box under a dry argon atmosphere. Specifically, each layer was laminated
- Activation energy Ionic conductivity measurements using the above evaluation cell were also carried out under conditions of 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70° C. to measure changes in ionic conductivity with respect to temperature.
- Lithium ion transport number An evaluation cell of a coin-type lithium battery CR2032 was assembled in a glove box under a dry argon atmosphere. Specifically, each layer was laminated
- Example B2 An electrolyte composition was obtained in the same manner as in Example B1, except that copolymer 2 was used instead of copolymer 1. Various measurements were performed on the obtained electrolyte composition in the same manner as in Example B1. Table 2 shows the results.
- Example B3 An electrolyte composition was obtained in the same manner as in Example B1, except that Copolymer 3 was used instead of Copolymer 1. Various measurements were performed on the obtained electrolyte composition in the same manner as in Example B1. Table 2 shows the results.
- Example B4 An electrolyte composition was obtained in the same manner as in Example B1 except that Copolymer 4 was used instead of Copolymer 1. Various measurements were performed on the obtained electrolyte composition in the same manner as in Example B1. Table 2 shows the results.
- Example B5 A composite resin was prepared by mixing 100 parts by weight of Copolymer 1 and 100 parts by weight of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene). The same plasticizer as in Example B1 was added to the composite resin at a rate of 200 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of Polymer 1 to obtain an electrolyte composition. Various measurements were performed on the obtained electrolyte composition in the same manner as in Example B1. Table 2 shows the results.
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Abstract
Description
(1)上記重合体に含まれる全構造単位に対する第1の構造単位の割合mが0.2~0.8であり、上記重合体に含まれる全構造単位に対する第2の構造単位の割合nが0.2~0.8である。
(2)上記重合体の全質量に対して第1の構造単位の含有量が25~95質量%であり、第2の構造単位の含有量が5~75質量%である。
下記式(A)で表される構造単位(A)である第1の構造単位と、下記式(B1)で表される構造単位(B1)及び下記式(B2)で表される構造単位(B2)の少なくとも一種である第2の構造単位と、を含む重合体であって、下記条件(1)及び(2)の少なくとも一方を満たす、重合体。
(1)上記重合体に含まれる全構造単位に対する第1の構造単位の割合mが0.2~0.8であり、上記重合体に含まれる全構造単位に対する第2の構造単位の割合nが0.2~0.8である。
(2)上記重合体の全質量に対して第1の構造単位の含有量が25~95質量%であり、第2の構造単位の含有量が5~75質量%である。
このような重合体は、酸化側の耐電圧性が高い。
本開示の一実施形態に係る重合体の製造方法は、下記式(A’)で表される単量体(A’)(第1の単量体とも呼ぶ。)と、下記式(B1’)で表される単量体(B1’)及び下記式(B2’)で表される単量体(B2’)の少なくとも一方を含む第2の単量体とを含む単量体(単量体混合物)を重合する工程を含むと好ましい。かかる重合体の製造方法は、上記本実施形態の重合体を製造するために適した方法である。なお、第2の単量体を重合体における所望の割合よりも過剰に用いてもよい。
本開示の第2の実施形態に係る重合体は、下記式(A)で表される構造単位(A)を含み、重合体における構造単位(A)に対する下記式(C)で表される構造単位(C)のモル比が5/95以下である。このような重合体は、酸化側の耐電圧性に優れる。
以下の単量体A1、B1、B2、B3及びB4を用意した。
窒素雰囲気下、トリフルオロメタンスルホンアミド(52.5mmol、7.83g、東京化成工業株式会社製)を脱水アセトニトリル(150mL、関東化学株式会社製)に溶解させた。この溶液に水酸化リチウム(105mmol、2.51g、東京化成工業株式会社製)及び4-アセトアミドベンゼンスルホニルクロリド(50mmol、11.68g、東京化成工業株式会社製)を順に加えて5時間加熱還流した。室温への冷却後、過剰量のアセトニトリル(700mL)を加えて固体を析出させ、ろ過で分離したのちジクロロメタン(関東化学株式会社製)で洗浄し、中間体1を得た。収率は、97.1%であった。
・中間体1の構造式:
・中間体2の構造式:
・中間体3の構造式:
・単量体A1:下記化合物(A1)
B2:アルドリッチ社製、純度>98%の市販試薬をCaCl2と密封して1晩乾燥、CaH2を加えて減圧蒸留することで純度を向上させ使用した。
B3:アルドリッチ社製、純度>98%の市販試薬をそのまま使用した。
B4:アルドリッチ社製、純度>98%の市販試薬をCaCl2と密封して1晩乾燥、CaH2を加えて減圧蒸留することで純度を向上させ使用した。
単量体B2:n-ドデシルビニルエーテル
単量体B3:テトラエチレングリコールメチルビニルエーテル
単量体B4:スチレン
単量体A1:0.741g、単量体B1:0.340g、アゾビスイソブチロニトリル(AIBN):8.2mgを脱水アセトニトリル10mLに溶解させ、内部標準物質としてテトラリンを加えてモノマー消費率を確認しながら、窒素雰囲気下60℃で24時間反応させた。重合溶液をアセトニトリル中で透析し、120℃で真空乾燥することで、共重合体1を0.34g(収率82%)得た。モノマー導入比はA1:B1=62:38であった。モノマー導入比は共重合体1の1H-NMRより算出した。
共重合体1は数平均分子量Mn=1.7×104、重量平均分子量Mw=2.9×104、分子量分布Mw/Mn=1.70であった。
単量体A1:0.936g、単量体B2:1.53g、AIBN:16.4mgを脱水アセトニトリル20mLに溶解させ、内部標準物質としてテトラリンを加えてモノマー消費率を確認しながら、窒素雰囲気下60℃で24時間反応させた。重合溶液をアセトニトリル中で透析し、120℃で真空乾燥することで、共重合体2を0.637g(収率44%)得た。モノマー導入比はA1:B2=55:45であった。モノマー導入比は共重合体2の1H-NMRより算出した。
共重合体2は数平均分子量Mn=4.9×104、重量平均分子量Mw=7.9×104、分子量分布Mw/Mn=1.63であった。
単量体A1:1.17g、単量体B3:2.25g、AIBN:24.6mgを脱水アセトニトリル30mLに溶解させ、内部標準物質としてテトラリンを加えてモノマー消費率を確認しながら、窒素雰囲気下60℃で24時間反応させた。重合溶液をアセトニトリル中で透析し、120℃で真空乾燥することで、共重合体3を1.49g(収率79%)得た。モノマー導入比はA1:B3=41:59であった。モノマー導入比は共重合体3の1H-NMRより算出した。
共重合体3は数平均分子量Mn=1.4×104、重量平均分子量Mw=2.7×104、分子量分布Mw/Mn=1.85であった。
単量体A1:0.558g、単量体B4:0.149g、AIBN:11.7mgを脱水アセトニトリル13.4mLに溶解させ、内部標準物質としてテトラリンを加えてモノマー消費率を確認しながら、窒素雰囲気下60℃で24時間反応させた。重合溶液をアセトニトリル中で透析し、120℃で真空乾燥することで、共重合体4を0.640g(収率87%)得た。モノマー導入比はA1:B4=52:48であった。モノマー導入比は共重合体4の1H-NMRより算出した。
共重合体4は数平均分子量Mn=8.7×104、重量平均分子量Mw=2.2×105、分子量分布Mw/Mn=2.55であった。
アルドリッチ社製のポリ(エチレン-alt-マレイン酸無水物)(重量平均分子量=100,000~500,000、製品番号:188050)を共重合体5として使用した。
以下のとおり、実施例A1~A4及び比較例A1の各共重合体について酸化電位の測定を行った。
窒素置換されたグローブボックス内で、共重合体を1MのLiClO4のプロピレンカーボネート溶液に溶解し、重合体溶液を調製した。重合体溶液における共重合体の濃度はリチウムイオン換算で10mMであった。
室温(25℃)において、上記グローブボックス内で、重合体溶液を三極式セル(ECフロンティア製)に注入し、測定装置(HZ7000 電気化学測定システム、北斗電工株式会社製)を用いてアルゴン雰囲気下でリニアスイープボルタメトリー(掃引速度:5mV/s、掃引範囲:開回路電位からLi/Li+基準で+5.5V、作用極:白金線、対極:リチウム、参照極:リチウム)を行い、20μA/cm2の電流密度が観測された電位を酸化電位とした。結果を表1に示す。
100質量部の共重合体1に、200質量部の可塑剤を添加して電解質組成物を得た。なお、可塑剤としては、エチレンカーボネートとプロピレンカーボネートとの混合溶媒(体積比1:1)を使用した。得られた電解質組成物に対して、以下の各種測定を行った。結果を表2に示す。
グローブボックス内、乾燥アルゴン雰囲気下にて、コイン型電池CR2032の評価セルを組み立てた。具体的には、評価セル内に以下の順に各層を積層して試験用積層体を作製した。(ステンレス板/電解質組成物/ステンレス板)
インピーダンス測定装置を用いて、25℃、周波数範囲0.1Hz~1MHz、印加電圧10mV(vs.開回路電圧)の条件で測定する。イオン伝導度σは次の式で算出できる。
σ(S・cm-1)=t(cm)/(R(Ω)×A(cm2))
式中、Rは、インピーダンスの値を表す。Aは、サンプルの面積を表す。tは、サンプルの厚さを表す。
上記評価セルを用いたイオン伝導度測定を30、40、50、60、及び70℃の各条件においても実施し、温度に対するイオン伝導度の変化を測定した。イオン伝導度の常用対数値と温度の逆数のグラフの傾きからアレニウスの式(logk=logA-Ea/RTk:反応速度定数、A:頻度因子、Ea:活性化エネルギー、R:気体定数、T:絶対温度)により活性化エネルギーを算出した。
グローブボックス内、乾燥アルゴン雰囲気下にて、コイン型リチウム電池CR2032の評価セルを組み立てた。具体的には、評価セル内に以下の順に各層を積層して試験用積層体を作製した。(リチウム/電解質組成物/リチウム)
リチウムイオン輸率測定法は、Polymer,28,2324(1987)に紹介されているものである。すなわち、室温(25℃)において、試験用積層体に10mVを印加し、初期電流値(I0)および定常電流値(ISS)を測定し、さらに電圧印加前の界面抵抗測定値R0と電圧印加後の界面抵抗測定値RSSとを複素インピーダンス法により求めた。そして、得られた値を次式に導入してリチウムイオン輸率(tLi+)を求めた。式中のVは印加電圧である。
tLi+=ISS(V-I0R0)/I0(V-ISSRSS)
共重合体1に代えて共重合体2を使用したこと以外は、実施例B1と同様に電解質組成物を得た。得られた電解質組成物に対して、実施例B1と同様に各種測定を行った。結果を表2に示す。
共重合体1に代えて共重合体3を使用したこと以外は、実施例B1と同様に電解質組成物を得た。得られた電解質組成物に対して、実施例B1と同様に各種測定を行った。結果を表2に示す。
共重合体1に代えて共重合体4を使用したこと以外は、実施例B1と同様に電解質組成物を得た。得られた電解質組成物に対して、実施例B1と同様に各種測定を行った。結果を表2に示す。
100質量部の共重合体1と100質量部のポリ(フッ化ビニリデン-co-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン)とを混合して複合化樹脂を製造した。複合化樹脂に、実施例B1と同じ可塑剤を、100質量部の重合体1に対して200質量部の割合で添加して電解質組成物を得た。得られた電解質組成物に対して、実施例B1と同様に各種測定を行った。結果を表2に示す。
Claims (12)
- 下記式(A)で表される構造単位(A)の少なくとも1種である第1の構造単位と、下記式(B1)で表される構造単位(B1)及び下記式(B2)で表される構造単位(B2)の少なくとも一種である第2の構造単位と、を含む重合体であって、下記条件(1)及び(2)の少なくとも一方を満たす、重合体。
(1)前記重合体に含まれる全構造単位に対する第1の構造単位の割合mが0.2~0.8であり、前記重合体に含まれる全構造単位に対する第2の構造単位の割合nが0.2~0.8である。
(2)前記重合体の全質量に対して第1の構造単位の含有量が25~95質量%であり、第2の構造単位の含有量が5~75質量%である。
(式(A)において、Xは、1~20個の炭素原子を有する2価の有機基であり、Yは、ハロゲン原子、又は1~20個の炭素原子を有する1価の有機基であり、Mは、Li、Na及びKから選択されるアルカリ金属元素であり、*は、構造単位(A)が他の構造単位と結合する位置を表す。)
(式(B1)において、R1~R4は、それぞれ独立に水素原子、ハロゲン原子、1~20個の炭素原子を有する1価の有機基である。*は、構造単位(B1)が他の構造単位と結合する位置を表す。)
(式(B2)中、R15は、1~20個の炭素原子を有する2価の有機基であり、R16及びR17は、それぞれ、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、又は1~20個の炭素原子を有する1価の有機基である。ただし、構造単位(B2)にはR15が-C(=O)-O-C(=O)-でありR16及びR17のいずれも水素原子である構造単位、並びに前記構造単位(A)に含まれる構造単位は含まれない。) - 酸化電位がLi/Li+電極を基準として4.5V以上である、請求項1又は2に記載の重合体。
- 前記構造単位(A)と前記構造単位(B1)との合計のモル数に対する前記構造単位(A)のモル比が0.40より大きい、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の重合体。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の重合体を含む、電解質組成物。
- 更に可塑剤を含む、請求項7に記載の電解質組成物。
- 前記可塑剤が、有機溶媒である、請求項8に記載の電解質組成物。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の重合体、又は請求項7~9のいずれか1項に記載の電解質組成物を含む、電池。
- 下記式(A’)で表される単量体(A’)と、下記式(B1’)で表される単量体(B1’)及び下記式(B2’)で表される単量体(B2’)の少なくとも一方を含む第2の単量体とを含む単量体を重合する工程を備える、重合体の製造方法。
(式(A’)において、Xは、1~20個の炭素原子を有する2価の有機基であり、Yは、ハロゲン原子、又は1~20個の炭素原子を有する1価の有機基であり、Mは、Li、Na及びKから選択されるアルカリ金属元素である。)
(式(B1’)において、R1~R4は、それぞれ独立に水素原子、ハロゲン原子、又は1~20個の炭素原子を有する1価の有機基である。)
(式(B2’)中、R15は、1~20個の炭素原子を有する2価の有機基であり、R16及びR17は、それぞれ、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、又は1~20個の炭素原子を有する1価の有機基である。ただし、単量体(B2’)には無水マレイン酸、並びに前記単量体(A’)に含まれる単量体は含まれない。) - 下記式(A’)で表される単量体(A’)と、下記式(B1’)で表される単量体(B1’)及び下記式(B2’)で表される単量体(B2’)の少なくとも一方を含む第2の単量体とを含む単量体を重合して得られる、重合体。
(式(A’)において、Xは、1~20個の炭素原子を有する2価の有機基であり、Yは、ハロゲン原子、又は1~20個の炭素原子を有する1価の有機基であり、Mは、Li、Na及びKから選択されるアルカリ金属元素である。)
(式(B1’)において、R1~R4は、それぞれ独立に水素原子、ハロゲン原子、又は1~20個の炭素原子を有する1価の有機基である。)
(式(B2’)中、R15は、1~20個の炭素原子を有する2価の有機基であり、R16及びR17は、それぞれ、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、又は1~20個の炭素原子を有する1価の有機基である。ただし、単量体(B2’)には無水マレイン酸、及び前記単量体(A’)に含まれる単量体は含まれない。)
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