WO2023088636A1 - Dispositif de microscopie cars multiplex - Google Patents
Dispositif de microscopie cars multiplex Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023088636A1 WO2023088636A1 PCT/EP2022/079337 EP2022079337W WO2023088636A1 WO 2023088636 A1 WO2023088636 A1 WO 2023088636A1 EP 2022079337 W EP2022079337 W EP 2022079337W WO 2023088636 A1 WO2023088636 A1 WO 2023088636A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- wavelength
- wavelengths
- fiber
- optical fiber
- output beam
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/65—Raman scattering
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/3511—Self-focusing or self-trapping of light; Light-induced birefringence; Induced optical Kerr-effect
- G02F1/3513—Soliton propagation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/65—Raman scattering
- G01N2021/653—Coherent methods [CARS]
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/65—Raman scattering
- G01N2021/653—Coherent methods [CARS]
- G01N2021/655—Stimulated Raman
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
- G01N2201/06—Illumination; Optics
- G01N2201/068—Optics, miscellaneous
- G01N2201/0686—Cold filter; IR filter
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of CARS multiplex microscopy.
- Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) Raman scattering microscopy is an analysis technique which is used in particular in the field of imaging and spectroscopy to identify and locate chemical species specific within a sample.
- a great advantage of this technique is that the samples do not need to be labeled with sometimes toxic dyes and that it is then possible to carry out in vivo studies.
- CARS microscopy makes it possible to obtain a more intense signal of interest by several orders of magnitude, to better suppress annoying side effects and to more easily separate the detected light from the illumination light.
- CARS is a nonlinear optical process (four-wave mixing process) that does not require a pinhole and has a spatial resolution that is at best on the order of one-third the wavelength of use.
- a pulsation pump wave û) P incident on a molecule is diffused inelastically into a so-called pulsation Stokes wave OJ S and a so-called Anti-Stokes pulsation wave OJ AS .
- the frequency shift of Stokes and Anti-Stokes waves corresponds to a specific vibrational frequency of a molecule and this from the fundamental level.
- CARS microscopy consists of forcing the excitation of a specific chemical bond by frequency difference.
- FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram of the energy levels involved in a CARS process.
- the ground level is denoted GS
- the excited higher electronic energy state is denoted EE
- the excited vibrational level of the resonant Raman mode with a resonant frequency C R is denoted Vib.
- FIG. 1B illustrates an example of a wide spectral band CARS microscopy device known from the prior art.
- wide spectral band CARS (or multiplex CARS), it is meant that the device makes it possible to probe the sample with a probe beam which is a supercontinuum, which has a very large number (>20) of distinct wavelengths each other.
- the device comprises a pulsed laser source LS emitting at the frequency OJ P .
- a portion of the radiation from the LS source is used to generate a supercontinuum from o) p , for example in a multimode PCF optical fiber, so as to generate a Stokes beam FSo comprising a multitude of frequencies in order to probe different chemical bonds each characterized by a vibrational frequency with a proper 1 R frequency.
- supercontinuum generation here means a process consisting of spectrally broadening an initial beam to obtain a power distributed in a substantially homogeneous manner over a range of wavelengths of about 1000 nm or more.
- the supercontinuum is generated by one or more non-linear effects, of order two or of order three, among the following non-exhaustive list: phase self-modulation, cross-phase modulation, stimulated Raman effect, parametric mixing at four or three waves, modulation instability, soliton propagation, soliton self-shifting ....
- a delay line DL takes a portion FPo of the radiation from the source LS in order to form the pump beam at a) p .
- These two beams FPo and FSo are spatially recombined and synchronized using a splitter plate LS and two mirrors MR1, MR2, both being movable and orientable. They are then focused by an MO microscope objective on a region of the Ech sample.
- the anti-Stokes beam generated STK by resonant stimulated Raman effect is collimated by another objective CL then detected by a Det photodetector (a CCD camera or a photomultiplier tube) typically combined with a spectrometer in order to spatially separate the wavelengths of the beam anti Stokes.
- a Det photodetector a CCD camera or a photomultiplier tube
- the device of the prior art comprises several optional mirrors MR2, M1, M2 for reasons of compactness.
- This device makes it possible to analyze the Raman signature of a sample over a very wide spectral range.
- the use of a delay line makes it possible to prevent part of the pump wave from being depleted due to the use of an optical path different from that which generated the supercontinuum. Thus part of the pump wave is preserved from the distortions induced during the generation of the supercontinuum.
- the invention aims to overcome this drawback with a multiplex CARS microscopy device with a fiber used, for the generation of the supercontinuum, in abnormal dispersion regime so as not to completely deplete the initial pump pulse generating the super continuum.
- an object of the invention is a multiplex CARS microscopy device for analyzing a sample comprising:
- a laser source adapted to emit a primary beam having a first wavelength lt in the form of pulses (IL1) with a so-called primary power;
- an optical fiber having less than ten modes, said pulses propagating in the optical fiber (F) in the abnormal dispersion regime to generate, from the primary beam, an output beam (FSC) having a plurality of second lengths of wave forming a supercontinuum, and said first wavelength the second wavelengths being generated by nonlinear conversion of the first wavelength
- an optical system adapted to focus the output beam on said sample, so as to generate an anti-Stokes beam by stimulated Raman effect induced by at least one of the second wavelengths and the first wavelength present in the beam Release ; - a photodetector suitable for detecting the anti-Stokes beam.
- the optical fiber is adapted so that a power of the output beam at the first wavelength either greater than or equal to 10%, preferably 20%, of the primary power.
- the optical fiber is a single-mode fiber with a microstructured sheath.
- the optical fiber has a zero dispersion wavelength ZDW i associated with each i-th mode, said first length being greater than all zero dispersion wavelengths ZDW i by at least 10 nm.
- the device comprises an amplifier arranged on the optical path of the output beam upstream of the sample and adapted to selectively amplify the power of the output beam at the first length
- the amplifier comprises an amplifying fiber with a core doped with rare earth elements, said amplifying fiber being attached, or welded or coupled to a downstream end of the optical fiber.
- the amplifying fiber is pumped by second wavelengths of the output beam which are lower than the first wavelength
- the amplifier fiber is pumped by a portion (PB) of the primary beam.
- the nonlinear conversion comprises self-shifting by the Raman effect of solitons generated by the propagation of each pulse within the optical fiber.
- the device comprises a so-called upstream spectral filter arranged on the optical path of the output beam upstream of the sample and adapted to spectrally filter wavelengths less than the first wavelength of wave.
- the device comprises a processor suitable for analyzing frequency information of the anti-Stokes beam detected by the photodetector, the upstream spectral filter (SF) being controllable and suitable for additionally filtering a spectral range of the output beam as a function of said frequency information.
- SF upstream spectral filter
- the device comprises a so-called downstream spectral filter arranged on the optical path of the anti-Stokes beam and adapted to filter the output beam co-propagating with the anti-Stokes beam.
- the upstream filter is suitable for spectrally filtering an interval of wavelengths greater than the first wavelength.
- the optical fiber is adapted to have an additional zero dispersion wavelength for a fundamental mode of the optical fiber, said additional zero dispersion wavelength being further separated of 3500 cm-1 with respect to the first wavelength 1 .
- Another object of the invention is a multiplex CARS microscopy method for analyzing a sample (Ech) with a device comprising an optical fiber (F) having less than ten modes, for analyzing a sample (Ech), said method including the following steps:
- FP primary beam
- IL1 pulses
- an output beam having a plurality of second wavelengths forming a supercontinuum (SC), and said first wavelength ⁇ 17 the second wavelengths being generated by non-linear first wavelength conversion in the optical fiber (F), said pulses propagating in the optical fiber (F) in an abnormal dispersion regime;
- FIG.1 A a schematic view of the CARS energy process
- FIG.1 B a schematic view of a prior art multiplex CARS microscopy device
- FIG.2 a multiplex CARS microscopy device according to the invention
- FIG.3 a multiplex CARS microscopy device according to one embodiment of the invention
- FIG.4 a multiplex CARS microscopy device according to one embodiment of the invention
- FIG.5A a multiplex CARS microscopy device according to one embodiment of the invention
- FIG.5B a multiplex CARS microscopy device according to one embodiment of the invention
- Fig.5C the power spectral density of an IL2 pulse of the FSC output beam at the output of the fiber F (curve C1) and after filtering by the SF filter (curve C2),
- Fig.6A the temporal profile of several spectral components of an IL2 laser pulse at the output of fiber F, in one embodiment of the invention
- Fig.6B the temporal profile of a laser pulse at 1064 nm of approximately 1.5 ns and peak power of 10 kW during its propagation in a single-mode fiber of the HI980 type with a silica core in a regime of normal scatter,
- Figure 2 schematically illustrates a multiplex CARS microscopy device 1 according to the invention, for analyzing an Ech sample.
- power of the pulses is meant here peak power.
- IL1 laser pulses are nanosecond (ns), picosecond (ps) or femtosecond (fs) pulses.
- a nanosecond pulse is a pulse of duration between 1 and 100 ns
- a picosecond pulse is a pulse of duration between 1 and 100 ps
- a femtosecond pulse is a pulse of duration between 1 and 100 fs.
- the rate of the laser pulses is for example between 0.1 and 100 MHz.
- the power of the laser pulses is for example between 5 kW and 10 MW.
- the first wavelength should be considered as the central wavelength of the IL1 laser pulse.
- Aroj the spectral width of the IL1 pulses.
- the laser source LS is an optical fiber laser oscillator doped in a given material.
- the doped optical fiber of the laser source LS is for example an optical fiber consisting of a given luminescent material (glass or vitreous matrix), doped with a material.
- the doping material is an optically active material, i.e., under excitation (for example by pump lasers internal to the LS source), this material emits coherent light at a given wavelength.
- the doping material is an ion, for example a rare earth ion.
- the rare earth is for example neodymium (chemical symbol Nd), ytterbium (chemical symbol Yb), praseodymium (chemical symbol Pr), erbium (chemical symbol Er), thulium (chemical symbol Tm), holmium (chemical symbol Ho), or any other fluorescent element soluble in the vitreous matrix constituting the fiber, such as for example bismuth (chemical symbol Bi).
- the first wavelength depends on the doping material of the doped optical fiber of the laser source.
- the laser source LS is a phase-locked fiber laser oscillator. Such locking of the longitudinal modes of the injection laser oscillator makes it possible to obtain picosecond or femtosecond pulses. Other types of lasers, for example a laser of the “gain switch” type, also make it possible to obtain picosecond pulses.
- the device 1 of the invention comprises an optical fiber F into which the IL1 pulses delivered by the source LS are injected, for example using an optical fiber coupler CF.
- zero dispersion wavelength ZDW i of the fiber F is meant the wavelength for which the dispersion of the group delay is zero for this spatial mode i.
- the dispersion is said to be "abnormal” for any wavelength greater than all the ⁇ ZD K £ , propagating in the fiber F and the dispersion is said to be "normal” for any length of wave lower than all ⁇ zDw.i propagating in the fiber.
- a parameter for controlling the ZDW i wavelengths is in particular the modal area of the fiber F.
- the core diameter will typically be 3-4 m for wavelength A ZDW at around 1000 nm for the fundamental mode.
- the IL1 pulses propagating in the optical fiber F in the abnormal dispersion regime, because the laser source LS and the fiber F are chosen so that the first wavelength IL1 pulses is greater than the ⁇ ZDiy£ wavelengths.
- the optical fiber F is adapted to generate, from the primary beam FP, an output beam FSC having both the first wavelength and a plurality of second wavelengths forming a SC supercontinuum, the second wavelengths being generated by nonlinear conversion of the first wavelength
- the output beam FSC presents IL2 pulses formed from IL1 pulses.
- the supercontinuum generation process on either side of X comprises the following phenomena: phase self-modulation, phase modulation crossover, parametric four-wave mixing, stimulated Raman effect.
- the inventors have observed that, in an abnormal dispersion regime, the supercontinuum generation process depletes the pump wavelength much less than in a normal dispersion regime (see in particular the description of FIGS. 6A and 6B below).
- the stimulated Raman effect mechanism contributes very significantly to the depletion of the first wavelength X and to the generation of the supercontinuum at wavelengths better than
- a modulational instability occurs during the propagation of the IL1 pulses which will temporally structure these pulses so as to create a plurality of solitons. These solitons will then self-shift by soliton self-shift by Raman effect (soliton self-frequency shift in English). This frequency shift is different for each soliton.
- the second wavelengths thus generated are strictly greater than the first wavelength ⁇ -i from which they are generated by stimulated Raman scattering, which is at the origin of the self-frequency shift of the solitons in the fiber.
- Stimulated Raman has a dissipative effect in terms of light energy.
- the second wavelengths cannot be less than the initial wavelength A-
- This self-shifting phenomenon is predominant over the other phenomena in an abnormal dispersion regime for the generation of second wavelengths greater than 1 .
- solitonic self-shifting by the Raman effect causes a continuous drift of the central frequency of the solitonic pulse by an exchange of energy with the phonons in the medium formed by the core of the optical fiber.
- a second photon at a lower energy E b ⁇ E a is emitted by the Raman medium at a longer wavelength ⁇ b > X a .
- the energy difference, or quantum defect is transmitted to the material medium in the form of a particle corresponding to an acoustic vibration of the material medium, or phonon.
- the fibre via its dispersion and via its length, is adapted as a function of the power of the pulses IL1 so that a power of the output beam at the first wavelength is not negligible compared to the primary power of the pulses. More specifically, the fiber is short enough for the power of the output beam at the first wavelength Ai to be greater than or equal to 10%, preferably 20% of the primary power at the center of the pulse.
- the offset of the solitions (therefore the second wavelengths ⁇ 2 ) is a function of the length of the fiber F, of the dispersion, and of the peak power of the input pulses of the fiber F. Plus the fiber F is long, the more it is possible to obtain a significant frequency shift (and therefore a wide supercontinuum). AT fixed fiber length, the higher the peak power of the pulses, the more it is possible to obtain a significant frequency shift (and therefore a wide supercontinuum). In the invention, for pulses of 1 ps and peak power of 135 kW, and for a fiber with a silica core with a microstructured sheath, the length of the fiber is approximately 1 m.
- the optical fiber F has less than 10 modes because beyond that, intermodal interference destroys the spatial profile of the beam, which is no longer usable. We then observe the creation of a speckle at the fiber outlet.
- the device 1 of the invention does not require no delay line to synchronize a portion of the primary beam with the output beam on the sample. Thanks to the natural time synchronization between the second wavelengths and the first wavelength at the output of fiber F (see FIG. 6A) it is possible to use only the output beam to generate a stimulated Raman effect in the sample Ech.
- the device 1 comprises an optical system MO adapted to focus the output beam on the sample.
- the optical system MO is preferably a microscope objective with a focal length f M0 , preferably with a high numerical aperture (NA ⁇ 1.5).
- the output beam focused on the sample generates an anti-Stokes STK beam by stimulated Raman effect induced by at least one of the second wavelengths greater than and the first wavelength ⁇ 17 both present in the FSC output beam.
- the i [1, V] second wavelengths ⁇ 2j - of the FSC beam therefore constitute the probe wavelengths.
- the photons of the FSC beam at the first wavelength are numerous enough to induce the stimulated Raman effect in the Ech sample.
- the output beam FSC constitutes both the pump beam (via the first wavelength Ai) and the probe beam (via the second wavelengths greater than A- of the devices of the prior art.
- the device comprises a Det photodetector known to those skilled in the art and suitable for detecting the anti-Stokes beam, typically combined with a spectrometer in order to spatially separate the wavelengths of the anti-Stokes beam before their detection.
- the photodetector is typically a photomultiplier tube, a CCD camera or even an avalanche photodiode.
- the device of the invention does not use a delay line to transport the pump beam to the sample in a synchronized manner with the probe beam. in order to induce the multiplex stimulated Raman effect in the sample. This increases the compactness of the device and greatly simplifies its use.
- the anti-Stokes beam is collected "forward" (F-CARS signal) by the photodetector.
- the device 1 comprises a collection objective CL (numerical aperture ⁇ 0.5) to collimate the anti-Stokes beam before its detection, thus allowing a large working distance (see FIGS. 3-5B).
- the anti-Stokes beam is collected towards the rear (E-CARS signal) by the MO lens.
- the device 1 then comprises a dichroic mirror to spatially separate the anti-Stokes beam and the FSC output beam incident on the sample before it can be detected with the photodetector Det.
- the device 1 comprises a sample holder SH adapted to move the sample in three-dimensional space, in order to map the sample in 3D and thus to reconstruct three-dimensional images.
- the first wavelength A is greater than all the zero dispersion wavelengths A ZDW i by at least 10 nm in order to obtain a progressive shift of the larger solitonic pulses.
- the optical fiber is a monomode fiber with a microstructured sheath, with a single zero dispersion wavelength ZDW and optionally having a core doped with rare earth elements. The use of a single-mode fiber makes it possible to increase the power density in the core of the fiber and to obtain a greater spectral broadening for a given pump power.
- Figure 3 illustrates a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of the device 1.
- the device of the embodiment of Figure 3 comprises a so-called upstream spectral filter SF arranged on the optical path of the output beam FSC upstream of the sample Ech and adapted to spectrally filtering wavelengths less than the first wavelength.
- the SF filter is adapted so that the filtered FSC beam only comprises the first length and second wavelengths greater than useful for the generation of the anti-Stokes beam.
- This upstream filter SF makes it easier to identify the wavelengths of the anti-Stokes beam which are induced by the stimulated Raman effect, these wavelengths A AS necessarily being lower than by the very nature of this phenomenon.
- the device of the embodiment of FIG. 3 comprises an optional so-called downstream spectral filter SF′, arranged on the optical path of the anti-Stokes beam STK and adapted to filter the co-propagating output beam with the anti-Stokes beam having passed through the sample.
- the filters SF and SF' are elements known to those skilled in the art and are for example color filters, or are each formed by a diffraction grating coupled to a deformable mirror or coupled with a controllable spatial light modulator to select which wavelengths to transmit or not.
- the anti-Stokes beam filtered by the filter SF ' is coupled - through a coupling assembly SCA comprising a lens of focusing and a fiber coupler - in a detection optical fiber carrying the beam to the photodetector Det.
- the device of Figure 3 further comprises two optional mirrors M1, M2 for reasons of compactness and a collection objective CL (for example: NA-0.5), to collimate the anti-Stokes beam thus allowing a large distance work for detection.
- CL for example: NA-0.5
- FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of the device of FIG. 3.
- the upstream spectral filter is adaptive as a function of the detected anti-Stokes signal.
- the device 1 comprises a processor suitable for analyzing frequency information from the anti-Stokes beam detected by the photodetector typically via a spectrometer.
- the upstream spectral filter SF is controllable and suitable for filtering, in addition to certain wavelengths less than ⁇ 17 , a spectral range of the output beam as a function of the frequency information analyzed by the processor. Control of the SF filter is done through a feedback loop BR.
- the SF filter of the device of FIG. 4 only transmits a relevant spectral range for the analysis of a predetermined Ech sample in addition to the first wavelength. This allows faster analysis of the sample.
- the SF filter of the device of FIG. 4 allows an improvement in the spectral resolution of the device.
- the spectral resolution of the device should be fixed by the spectral width of the IL1 pulse, Ao»!.
- the resolution of the device is likely to be greater than Ar -L.
- the SF filter filters an interval of wavelengths directly above the wavelength to reduce the spectral width of the pump beam, the latter fixing the spectral resolution of the device. It is noted that the use of an SF filter without feedback control and filtering the wavelengths directly higher than the wavelength to reduce the spectral width of the beam pump -in addition to wavelengths less than is compatible with the embodiment of Figure 3.
- FIG. 5A schematically illustrates an embodiment of the device of FIG. 4.
- the device of FIG. 5A comprises an amplifier Amp arranged on the optical path of the beam of output upstream of the sample and adapted to selectively amplify the power of the output beam at the first wavelength Ai.
- This embodiment makes it possible to partially or totally compensate for the decrease in power at the wavelength due to the generation of the supercontinuum and thus obtain a more intense anti-Stokes signal.
- the intensity I AS of the anti-Stokes beam is proportional to FSC beam to respectively and at the second wavelength, with N the number of resonant molecules in the sample at the focus of the FSC beam and the third-order Raman susceptibility of the sample molecule. beam intensity is essential for a good signal-to-noise ratio.
- the Amp amplifier comprises an amplifying fiber with a core doped with rare earth ions.
- this amplifying fiber is pumped to produce an inversion of the population of rare earth ions and thus, according to the principle of stimulated emission, allow the amplification of the output beam at the first wavelength .
- This amplifying fiber is attached, or welded or coupled to a downstream end of the optical fiber F.
- the power at the first wavelength X is too low to induce a supercontinuum in the amplifying fiber, the pump power is therefore only used to "regenerate" or amplify the output beam specifically at the first wavelength.
- the doped amplifying fiber is pumped by second wavelengths of the output beam which are lower than the first wavelength X .
- This first variant is advantageous because it allows efficient use of second wavelengths smaller than the first wavelength which are undesirable for the detection of the anti-Stokes beam and which would otherwise be filtered by the SF filter.
- the implementation of such a device is very simple and consists in welding a piece of amplifier fiber (for example 50 cm) to the output of the non-linear fiber. Thus, part of the power of the IL1 pulses used to generate the second lower wavelengths is "recycled" and allows an amplification of the FSC beam to 1 .
- the second wavelengths at around 980 nm allow the amplifier fiber to be pumped.
- the second lengths between 730-760 nm and/or between 790-820 nm allow the amplifier fiber to be pumped.
- the aforementioned second wavelengths are lower than Ai and are recycled.
- the LS laser source comprises at least one optical fiber with a core doped with rare-earth ions
- the amplifying fiber is pumped by a portion PB of the pump beam used to generate, by laser effect, the primary wavelength .
- This second variant is less advantageous than the first variant because it reduces the compactness of the device but makes it possible to increase the gain of the amplifier
- the amplifier is not a doped amplifying optical fiber but a multipassage regenerative type amplifier in a solid medium such as neodymium doped yag, or alexandrite, or even titanium doped sapphire.
- the amplifier is pumped by second wavelengths of the output beam which are lower than the first wavelength A 1; or by a portion PB of the primary beam of the source LS or of the pump lasers (not represented in FIG. 5A).
- feedback loop BR and the filter SF' are optional in the embodiment MP.
- FIG. 5C is a representation of the power spectral density of a pulse IL2 of the output beam FSC respectively at the output of the fiber F (curve C1) and after filtering by the filter SF (curve C2). These curves are obtained without amplification.
- the supercontinuum observed with curve C1 is obtained in an undoped microstructured F fiber with a rectangular index profile, single transverse mode with a wavelength X ZDW at 1000 nm and a core diameter of 4 ⁇ m.
- Curve C2 is obtained after filtering the second wavelengths below 1000 nm. It is recalled that, in the curves C1, the wavelengths below X are obtained mainly by four-wave parametric mixing and the wavelengths above X are obtained by self-shifting by the Raman effect of the solitons. This self-shifting makes it possible to feed the spectrum towards the high wavelengths while leaving part of the energy in place, thus creating a supercontinuum.
- the curve C1 illustrates that, the generation of the supercontinuum in the fiber F makes it possible to obtain an FSC beam with a power at X which is not depleted and which is powerful enough to serve as a pump wave to obtain the stimulated Raman effect in the sample.
- the curve C2 illustrates the effect of low-pass filtering which makes it possible to generate a filtered FSC beam which comprises almost no power at wavelengths below 1000 nm, precisely where the CARS signature of the sample - via the anti-Stokes beam will be present.
- the second lengths waveforms greater than are needed to probe the chemical bonds of the sample Ech.
- FIG. 6A illustrates the temporal profile of several spectral components of a laser pulse IL2 at the output of fiber F.
- these profiles are obtained for the device of FIG. 3, with a length d 'wave which is 1064 nm and the IL1 pulses have a duration of 750 ps and a peak power of 10 kW. These curves are obtained without amplification.
- the F-fiber is an undoped microstructured single-mode fiber with a rectangular index profile, with a wavelength ZDW and a core diameter of 4 ⁇ m and a length of 2 m. Curves 61 -64 are shifted vertically for better readability and are normalized to the same scale.
- Curve 61 corresponds to the temporal profile of pulse IL2 at wavelength 1 .
- curve 61 clearly illustrates that the wavelength is not depleted in the IL2 pulse.
- Figure 6A illustrates the natural temporal synchronization of the different wavelengths ⁇ 2 with the wavelength in the FSC beam at the output of fiber F. This time synchronization is critical for obtaining the stimulated Raman effect in the Ech sample and for generating the anti-Stokes beam STK.
- FIG. 6B illustrates the time profile of a laser pulse at 1064 nm of approximately 1.5 ns and peak power of 10 kW during its propagation in a single-mode fiber of the HI980 type with a silica core in a normal dispersion regime.
- the wavelength A ZDW is around 1300 nm.
- Curve 61' corresponds to the profile of the initial pulse
- curve 62' corresponds to the profile of the pulse at 1064 nm after propagation in 1 m of fiber
- curve 63' corresponds to the profile of the pulse at 1064 nm after propagation in 1.5 m of fiber.
- the central part of the pulse is almost completely depleted.
- This spectrum is obtained with the following parameters: a primary power of 10 kW, an IL1 pulse of 750 ps duration, and a laser repetition frequency of 20 kHz.
- Figure 7 therefore experimentally demonstrates the feasibility of multiplex CARS with the device of the invention, without using a delay line to synchronize a portion of the primary beam with the output beam on the sample Ech.
- the optical fiber is adapted to have an additional zero dispersion wavelength for a fundamental mode of the optical fiber, the additional zero dispersion wavelength being separated more than 3500 cm-1 with respect to the first wavelength 1 .
- This characteristic makes it possible to limit the spectral width of the supercontinuum generated by the fiber at second wavelengths greater than the first wavelength that are relevant for the study of the sample, without having to do so by limiting the length of the fiber. Indeed, for the fundamental mode, the self-shifting by Raman effect is stopped when the soliton is shifted to a wavelength ⁇ 2 equal to the additional zero dispersion wavelength.
- the additional zero dispersion wavelength is separated by more than 3500 cm' 1 with respect to the first wavelength makes it possible to obtain a supercontinuum which extends over more than 3500 cm' 1 from the first wavelength, for second wavelengths greater than the first wavelength 1 .
- wavelengths ⁇ 2 greater than the width of the supercontinuum will be slightly greater than the separation between the additional zero dispersion wavelength and due to nonlinear effects other than Raman self-shifting.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US18/710,778 US20250130171A1 (en) | 2021-11-17 | 2022-10-21 | Multiplex cars microscopy device |
| EP22805865.7A EP4433806A1 (fr) | 2021-11-17 | 2022-10-21 | Dispositif de microscopie cars multiplex |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2112129A FR3129213B1 (fr) | 2021-11-17 | 2021-11-17 | Dispositif de microscopie CARS multiplex |
| FRFR2112129 | 2021-11-17 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2023088636A1 true WO2023088636A1 (fr) | 2023-05-25 |
Family
ID=80448362
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2022/079337 Ceased WO2023088636A1 (fr) | 2021-11-17 | 2022-10-21 | Dispositif de microscopie cars multiplex |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250130171A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4433806A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3129213B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023088636A1 (fr) |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2966292A1 (fr) * | 2010-10-18 | 2012-04-20 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Methode et dispositif d'emission laser pour l'analyse spectroscopique d'un echantillon |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7542137B2 (en) * | 2006-07-24 | 2009-06-02 | University Of Ottawa | Pathogen detection using coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering microscopy |
| US20120010513A1 (en) * | 2010-07-08 | 2012-01-12 | Wong Stephen T C | Chemically-selective, label free, microendoscopic system based on coherent anti-stokes raman scattering and microelectromechanical fiber optic probe |
| JP5703907B2 (ja) * | 2011-03-31 | 2015-04-22 | ソニー株式会社 | 非線形ラマン分光装置、非線形ラマン分光システム及び非線形ラマン分光方法 |
| WO2013052711A2 (fr) * | 2011-10-04 | 2013-04-11 | Cornell University | Source à fibre d'impulsions picosecondes synchronisées pour microscopie raman cohérente et autres applications |
| EP2992384B1 (fr) * | 2012-06-01 | 2019-07-24 | NKT Photonics A/S | Source de lumière supercontinuum, et système et procédé de mesure |
| JP6357245B2 (ja) * | 2014-10-20 | 2018-07-11 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 光学分析装置及び生体分子解析装置 |
| WO2016143084A1 (fr) * | 2015-03-11 | 2016-09-15 | 株式会社日立ハイテクノロジーズ | Dispositif de mesure optique et procédé de mesure optique |
| ES2968458T3 (es) * | 2019-04-25 | 2024-05-09 | Fyla Laser S L | Un sistema y método de configuración de todo fibras para generar una emisión pulsada de supercontinuo temporalmente coherente |
-
2021
- 2021-11-17 FR FR2112129A patent/FR3129213B1/fr active Active
-
2022
- 2022-10-21 WO PCT/EP2022/079337 patent/WO2023088636A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2022-10-21 US US18/710,778 patent/US20250130171A1/en active Pending
- 2022-10-21 EP EP22805865.7A patent/EP4433806A1/fr active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2966292A1 (fr) * | 2010-10-18 | 2012-04-20 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Methode et dispositif d'emission laser pour l'analyse spectroscopique d'un echantillon |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| OKUNO M ET AL: "ULTRABROADBAND (>2000 CM-1) MULTIPLEX COHERENT ANTI-STOKES RAMAN SCATTERING SPECTROSCOPY USING A SUBNANOSECOND SUPERCONTINUUM LIGHT SOURCE", OPTICS LETTERS, OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA, US, vol. 32, no. 20, 15 October 2007 (2007-10-15), pages 3050 - 3052, XP001508570, ISSN: 0146-9592, DOI: 10.1364/OL.32.003050 * |
| SIMON LEFRANCOIS ET AL: "Fiber four-wave mixing source for coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy", OPTICS LETTERS, OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA, US, vol. 37, no. 10, 15 May 2012 (2012-05-15), pages 1652 - 1654, XP001575585, ISSN: 0146-9592, [retrieved on 20120509], DOI: 10.1364/OL.37.001652 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4433806A1 (fr) | 2024-09-25 |
| FR3129213A1 (fr) | 2023-05-19 |
| US20250130171A1 (en) | 2025-04-24 |
| FR3129213B1 (fr) | 2025-02-14 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP2630705B1 (fr) | Methode et dispositif d'emission laser pour l'analyse spectroscopique d'un echantillon | |
| EP3590159B1 (fr) | Source laser pour l'emission d'un groupe d'impulsions | |
| EP2979080B1 (fr) | Dispositif et methode de detection raman stimulee | |
| EP3241259B1 (fr) | Système et procédé de génération d'impulsions lumineuses ultrabrèves à forte densité spectrale de puissance et accordables en longueur d'onde | |
| FR3054331A1 (fr) | Systeme de generation d'impulsions lumineuses breves ou ultra-breves | |
| FR2747192A1 (fr) | Dispositif de detection de gaz a distance comportant un microlaser | |
| WO2005098527A1 (fr) | Dispositif de generation d'une lumiere polychromatique a spectre continu | |
| EP3491703B1 (fr) | Source laser femtoseconde | |
| EP2311158B1 (fr) | Dispositif de generation d'une impulsion laser à duree reduite | |
| EP3443411A1 (fr) | Dispositif de génération d'un faisceau de photons de longueurs d'onde définissant un supercontinuum sensiblement continu | |
| WO2023088636A1 (fr) | Dispositif de microscopie cars multiplex | |
| EP2526407A1 (fr) | Methode pour la detection d'un signal optique non lineaire resonant et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ladite methode | |
| WO2023110287A1 (fr) | Dispositif de microscopie cars multiplex | |
| WO2017175747A1 (fr) | Source de lumière générant de la lumière supercontinuum, procédé de génération de lumière supercontinuum, microscope à fluorescence par excitation multiphotonique et procédé d'excitation multiphotonique | |
| WO2017148858A1 (fr) | Dispositif optique d'excitation pour générer des processus raman stimulés, ensemble de mesure de processus raman stimulés et procédé d'excitation optique pour générer des processus raman stimulés | |
| EP1419415B1 (fr) | Source laser ultrabreve compacte a spectre large controle | |
| EP3919893A1 (fr) | Procédés et dispositifs de détection d'un signal de diffusion raman stimulée (srs) dans un échantillon | |
| EP3406006B1 (fr) | Dispositif de génération d'un faisceau de photons polychromatique et d'énergie sensiblement constante | |
| EP1711986B1 (fr) | Source laser ultrabreve a ions terre rare a train d'impulsions stable et dispositif d'allongement d'une cavite laser | |
| WO2007028783A1 (fr) | Procede de production d'un faisceau laser de puissance et dispositif de mise en oeuvre | |
| FR2881299A1 (fr) | Analyseur de signal optique rapide |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 22805865 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 18710778 Country of ref document: US |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2022805865 Country of ref document: EP |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2022805865 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20240617 |
|
| WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 18710778 Country of ref document: US |