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WO2023088184A1 - 微流控芯片及微流控芯片检测系统 - Google Patents

微流控芯片及微流控芯片检测系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023088184A1
WO2023088184A1 PCT/CN2022/131391 CN2022131391W WO2023088184A1 WO 2023088184 A1 WO2023088184 A1 WO 2023088184A1 CN 2022131391 W CN2022131391 W CN 2022131391W WO 2023088184 A1 WO2023088184 A1 WO 2023088184A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
valve
storage
microfluidic chip
flow channel
storage part
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2022/131391
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张东旭
高润鑫
黄绍磊
黄玉麟
刘国镪
杨佳羽
曾俊添
宋浏伟
葛胜祥
张军
夏宁邵
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Xiamen Innodx Biotech Co Ltd
Xiamen University
Original Assignee
Xiamen Innodx Biotech Co Ltd
Xiamen University
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Xiamen Innodx Biotech Co Ltd, Xiamen University filed Critical Xiamen Innodx Biotech Co Ltd
Priority to KR1020247012683A priority Critical patent/KR20240066173A/ko
Priority to US18/697,740 priority patent/US20240408594A1/en
Priority to AU2022390503A priority patent/AU2022390503B2/en
Priority to CA3232120A priority patent/CA3232120A1/en
Priority to JP2024523643A priority patent/JP7733884B2/ja
Priority to EP22894720.6A priority patent/EP4434626A4/en
Publication of WO2023088184A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023088184A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
    • B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
    • B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
    • B01L3/502738—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by integrated valves
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    • B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
    • B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
    • B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
    • B01L3/502707—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by the manufacture of the container or its components
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    • B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
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    • B01L2300/0832—Geometry, shape and general structure cylindrical, tube shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01L2400/0475—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific mechanical means and fluid pressure
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    • B01L2400/0622—Valves, specific forms thereof distribution valves, valves having multiple inlets and/or outlets, e.g. metering valves, multi-way valves
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    • B01L2400/0644—Valves, specific forms thereof with moving parts rotary valves
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    • B01L3/50273—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by the means or forces applied to move the fluids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L7/00—Heating or cooling apparatus; Heat insulating devices
    • B01L7/52—Heating or cooling apparatus; Heat insulating devices with provision for submitting samples to a predetermined sequence of different temperatures, e.g. for treating nucleic acid samples

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of in vitro diagnosis, in particular to a microfluidic chip and a microfluidic chip detection system.
  • Nucleic acid detection technology is a technology that directly detects the genetic material of living organisms, such as DNA and RNA. Its specificity and sensitivity are extremely high, the window period is short, and it has multiple detection capabilities. However, the nucleic acid detection process is very complicated, with many steps, and has high requirements for the detection environment, laboratory conditions, and technical level of personnel. Therefore, the development trend of nucleic acid detection is fully automatic integration, high integration, bedside detection, and real-time detection. , Check anywhere.
  • nucleic acid detection based on microfluidic technology has the advantages of complete automation, high integration, simplicity and speed, avoiding cross-contamination, independent use in various environments, and no need for highly skilled professionals. concepts and requirements.
  • a microfluidic chip comprising:
  • a storage member with a groove on it, and at least two storage bins around the groove;
  • a base located at one end of the storage member away from the groove, and a reaction chamber is arranged on the base;
  • a valve is disposed in the groove, the valve is configured to operably communicate any one of the at least two storage chambers with the reaction chamber.
  • At least two first storage member inner flow passages are provided in the storage member, and each first storage member inner flow passage is correspondingly connected to a storage chamber, and the valve is provided with a valve connected to the reaction chamber.
  • the valve is configured to operatively communicate the valve flow channel with any one of the first reservoir internal flow channels.
  • the first end of the flow channel in each first reservoir passes through the bottom wall of the groove, and the valve is configured to operably connect the flow channel in the valve with the first
  • the first end of the flow channel in the storage part communicates with each other, and the second end of the flow channel in each first storage part communicates with the storage bin through a side of the storage bin adjacent to the base.
  • the second end of the flow channel in the first storage part communicates with the lowest part of the storage bin.
  • both the first end and the second end of the flow channel in the valve pass through an end of the valve adjacent to the bottom wall of the groove, and the first end of the flow channel in the valve is connected to the The reaction chamber is connected, the second end of the flow channel in the valve is operatively connected with the flow channel in any first storage member, the first end of the flow channel in the valve is located in the middle of the valve, and the flow channel in the valve The second end of the flow channel is adjacent to the outer edge of the valve.
  • the valve comprises:
  • a rotor rotatably arranged in the groove, the rotor includes a valve seat and a valve stem, the valve stem is connected to the valve seat;
  • the valve cover is connected to the circumferential side wall of the groove, and abuts against the valve seat, and the valve seat is limited between the valve cover and the bottom wall of the groove, and the valve cover is A first through hole is provided, the operating portion of the valve stem passes through the first through hole, and the operating portion of the valve stem is configured to be connected with an external operating member.
  • valve cover abuts against a circumferential edge of the valve seat.
  • the microfluidic chip further includes a sealing film
  • the at least two storage compartments include a reagent compartment
  • the sealing film is configured to seal the reagent compartment
  • the microfluidic chip further includes a top cover and A puncture needle, the top cover is arranged at one end of the storage part provided with the groove, the puncture needle is connected to the top cover, and the puncture needle is configured to be pressed to the the sealing film to puncture the sealing film.
  • the top cover includes a first rib, the piercing needle is connected to the first rib, and the first rib is configured to be broken under the action of an external force, so that the The piercing needle disengages from the cap and presses against the sealing membrane.
  • the middle part of the top cover is provided with a second through hole, and the second through hole is configured to allow an external operating member to pass through to operate the valve.
  • the puncture needle is provided with an airway inside the needle, and a hole connecting the outside of the puncture needle and the airway inside the needle is provided near the part where the puncture needle is connected to the top cover. third via.
  • the microfluidic chip further includes a cover sheet, the cover sheet is arranged in the top cover, and the cover sheet is provided with a fourth through hole that allows the piercing needle to pass through.
  • the breaking needle is configured to press against the sealing film under the action of external force, and continue to press against the sealing film after piercing the sealing film, so that the third through hole is sealed by the cover sheet.
  • the reaction compartment protrudes toward a side away from the storage member.
  • the microfluidic chip further includes an expansion part, the expansion part is provided with an amplification chamber, and the side of the storage part is provided with slots, and the slots are located between the adjacent two Between the storage chambers, the amplification member is plugged into the slot, and the valve is configured to operably communicate the reaction chamber with the amplification chamber.
  • the storage part is provided with a second storage part inner flow channel, the first end of the second storage part inner flow channel passes through the slot, and the second storage part inner flow channel
  • the second end passes through the groove
  • the expansion part is provided with an inner flow channel of the expansion part that communicates with the expansion chamber, and the inner flow channel of the expansion part is connected with the inner flow channel of the second storage part.
  • the first end is connected, and the valve is configured to be operatively connected to the second end of the flow channel in the second storage member, so as to pass the solution in the reaction chamber through the flow channel in the second storage member and the second end of the second storage member.
  • the flow channel in the amplification piece leads to the amplification chamber.
  • the storage part is provided with a third storage part inner flow channel, the first end of the third storage part inner flow channel passes through the slot, and the third storage part inner flow channel
  • the second end passes through the groove
  • the expansion part is provided with an internal air channel of the expansion part that communicates with the expansion chamber, and the air channel in the expansion part is connected to the inner flow channel of the third storage part.
  • the first end communicates, and the valve is configured to operatively communicate with the second end of the flow channel in the third storage member, so as to pass the gas of the amplification chamber through the air channel in the expansion member and the The flow passage in the third storage member leads to a storage bin.
  • the valve is provided with an in-valve flow passage communicating with the reaction chamber, and the valve is also provided with an in-valve air passage, and the valve is configured to operatively connect the flow in the valve
  • the channel connects the reaction chamber and the amplification chamber, and connects the air passage in the valve with the amplification chamber and a storage chamber.
  • the storage part is provided with an internal air channel of the storage part, the internal air channel of the storage part communicates with the reaction chamber, and the internal air channel of the storage part is configured to communicate with an external air pump.
  • the first end of the air passage in the storage part passes through one end of the groove in the storage part, and the first end of the air passage in the storage part is located between two adjacent storage bins.
  • the top cover is fixed on an end of the storage element where the groove is provided, and the base is fixed on an end of the storage element away from the top cover.
  • a detection system for a microfluidic chip including a detection device and the above-mentioned microfluidic chip, the detection device includes an operating platform for accommodating the microfluidic chip, and a The operating part of the valve.
  • the present disclosure at least has the following beneficial effects:
  • a groove is arranged on the storage member, at least two storage chambers are arranged around the circumference of the groove, a valve is arranged in the groove, and a reaction chamber is arranged below the valve, and any storage chamber can be closed by operating the valve.
  • the solution in the reaction chamber is directed to the reaction chamber, or the solution in the reaction chamber is directed to any storage chamber to realize solution transfer.
  • the structure is simple and compact, which can greatly shorten the length of the flow channel and improve the detection efficiency.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a microfluidic chip provided according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a microfluidic chip provided according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a top cover of a microfluidic chip provided according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a top cover and a cover sheet of a microfluidic chip provided according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of storage elements and valves of a microfluidic chip provided according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic top view of a storage part of a microfluidic chip provided according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic bottom view of a storage part of a microfluidic chip provided according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a storage part of a microfluidic chip provided according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a valve of a microfluidic chip provided according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a valve of a microfluidic chip provided according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a base of a microfluidic chip provided according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic top view of a base of a microfluidic chip provided according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the base of the microfluidic chip provided according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a base of a microfluidic chip provided according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of an amplification part of a microfluidic chip provided according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of the microfluidic chip before the expansion part, the second gasket and the storage part are connected according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of the microfluidic chip before the amplification part is inserted into the slot of the storage part according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a microfluidic chip and a microfluidic chip detection system, which are suitable for rapid detection in vitro.
  • a groove 11 is provided on the storage member 1 , and at least two storage bins 12 are arranged around the groove 11 .
  • the groove 11 includes a bottom wall and a circumferential side wall.
  • the base 2 is disposed at the end of the storage element 1 away from the groove 11 , and the base 2 is provided with a reaction chamber 21 .
  • the valve 3 is disposed in the groove 11 , and the valve 3 is configured to operably connect any one of the at least two storage chambers 12 with the reaction chamber 21 .
  • the at least two storage bins 12 include at least one sample bin and at least two reagent bins 121.
  • the reagent bins 121 are used to store different detection reagents, which can be solid or liquid reagents.
  • the number of reagent bins 121 can be flexibly increased or decreased according to demand.
  • One sample compartment can be provided, or two can be provided as required, and the sample compartment is used for adding samples to be tested, and the samples to be tested include blood or saliva.
  • the reaction chamber 21 is a reagent reaction place for nucleic acid extraction.
  • Valve 3 is a key component of liquid flow control in the microfluidic chip, which controls the connection and closure of the flow channel.
  • the base 2 is used to ensure the stable flat placement of the microfluidic chip, and also has positioning and limiting functions to improve detection stability.
  • a groove 11 is provided on the storage member 1, at least two storage chambers 12 are arranged around the circumference of the groove 11, a valve 3 is arranged in the groove 11, and a reaction chamber 21 is arranged below the valve 3, by operation
  • the valve 3 can lead the solution in any storage bin 12 to the reaction bin 21, or direct the solution in the reaction bin 21 to any storage bin 12 to realize solution transfer.
  • the structure is simple and compact, and the length of the flow channel can be greatly shortened, improving detection efficiency.
  • At least two first storage member internal flow channels 13 are provided in the storage member 1, and each first storage member internal flow channel 13 is correspondingly connected to a storage bin 12.
  • An in-valve flow channel 31 communicating with the reaction chamber 21 is provided, and the valve 3 is configured to operably communicate the in-valve flow channel 31 with any one of the first storage member internal flow channels 13 .
  • the flow channel 31 in the valve is always in communication with the reaction chamber 21, and the flow channel 31 in the valve can be selectively communicated with the flow channel 13 in any one of the first storage parts by operating the valve 3, so as to guide the solution in the storage chamber 12 to the reaction chamber. Bin 21, or guide the solution in the reaction bin 21 to the storage bin 12.
  • the first end 131 of the channel 13 in each first storage member passes through the bottom wall of the groove 11 , and the valve 3 is configured to operably connect
  • the channel 31 communicates with the first end 131 of the channel 13 in the first storage part, and the second end 132 of the channel 13 in each first storage part communicates with the storage bin 12 through the side of the storage bin 12 adjacent to the base 2 .
  • the second end 132 of the flow channel 13 in the first storage member communicates with the lowest position of the storage bin 12 and the closest to the groove 11 .
  • the second end 132 of the flow channel 13 in the first storage member communicates with the lowest position of the storage compartment 12 and the part closest to the groove 11 , so as to shorten the length of the flow channel.
  • the first end 311 and the second end 312 of the flow channel 31 in the valve pass through the end of the valve 3 adjacent to the bottom wall of the groove 11 , and the flow channel 31 in the valve
  • the first end 311 of the valve internal flow channel 31 communicates with the reaction chamber 21, the second end 312 of the flow channel 31 in the valve is operatively communicated with the internal flow channel 13 of any first storage member, and the first end 311 of the flow channel 31 in the valve is located in the valve 3
  • the second end 312 of the flow channel 31 in the valve is close to the outer edge of the valve 3 .
  • the storage element 1 has a cylindrical shape as a whole.
  • the valve 3 includes a rotor 32 and a valve cover 33 .
  • the rotor 32 is rotatably disposed in the groove 11 , the rotor 32 includes a valve seat 321 and a valve stem 322 , and the valve stem 322 is connected to the valve seat 321 .
  • the valve cover 33 is connected to the circumferential side wall of the groove 11, and abuts against the valve seat 321, and the valve seat 321 is limited between the valve cover 33 and the bottom wall of the groove 11, and the valve seat 321 abuts against the bottom of the groove 11.
  • the valve cover 33 is provided with a first through hole 331 , the operating portion of the valve stem 322 passes through the first through hole 331 , and the operating portion of the valve stem 322 is configured to be connected with an external operating member.
  • the valve seat 321 includes a valve seat body 3211 and a first gasket 3212.
  • the first gasket 3212 is in the same shape as the bottom of the valve seat body 3211.
  • the valve seat body 3211 and the first gasket 3212 are fixedly arranged.
  • the flow channel 31 in the valve is formed in the valve seat 321 .
  • the valve seat body 3211 is made of hard material, and the first gasket 3212 is made of elastic material.
  • valve cover 33 By adjusting the valve cover 33, an appropriate abutment pressure is applied to the valve seat 321 of the rotor 21, so that the valve seat 321 and the bottom of the groove 11 The wall abuts against each other, so that the flow channel 31 in the valve has the airtightness required for detection, and avoids liquid leakage at the connection between the flow channel 31 in the valve and the flow channel in the storage member.
  • valve cover 33 abuts against the peripheral edge of the valve seat 321 .
  • the first end 131 of the flow channel 13 in each first storage member passes through the bottom wall of the groove 11 and is arranged around the central axis of the groove 11.
  • the valve cover 33 abuts against the peripheral edge of the valve seat 321, enabling the valve seat to 321 abuts against the bottom wall of the groove 11 to seal the connection between the flow channel 31 in the valve and the flow channel in the storage part to avoid liquid leakage.
  • the radial dimension of the valve stem 322 is smaller than the radial dimension of the valve seat body 3211, one end of the valve stem 322 is fixedly connected to the valve seat body 3211, and the other end of the valve stem 322 is an operating part for passing through the first through hole 331, And it is connected with an external operating part.
  • the valve stem 322 is rotated by the operating member, thereby driving the valve seat body 3211 and the first washer 3212 to rotate, so as to selectively connect the second end 312 of the valve internal flow channel 31 with a first storage member internal flow channel 13 .
  • the circumferential direction of the valve seat body 3211 is provided with a boss 324, and the boss 324 has an arc-shaped outer contour to reduce the circumferential direction of the valve seat body 3211 and the circumference of the groove 11 during the rotation of the valve seat body 3211 relative to the groove 11. Friction against the side walls.
  • the microfluidic chip further includes a sealing film
  • at least two storage chambers 12 include a reagent chamber 121
  • the sealing film is configured to seal the reagent chamber 121
  • the microfluidic chip further includes The top cover 4 and the puncture needle 41, the top cover 4 is arranged on the end of the storage part 1 provided with the groove 11, the puncture needle 41 is connected to the top cover 4, and the puncture needle 41 is configured to press against the sealing film under the action of an external force , to puncture the sealing membrane.
  • the top cover 4 includes a first rib 421, the piercing needle 41 is connected to the first rib 421, and the first rib 421 is configured to be broken under the action of an external force. , so that the piercing needle 41 is detached from the top cover 4 and pressed against the sealing film.
  • the middle part of the top cover 4 is provided with a second through hole 43 , and the second through hole 43 is configured to allow an external operating member to pass through to connect the operating part of the valve 3 , for turning valve 3.
  • the puncture needle 41 is provided with an inner needle airway 411 , and the part where the puncture needle 41 is connected to the top cover 4 is provided with a third through hole 412 , and the third through hole 412 communicates The outside of the needle 41 and the needle airway 411 are pierced.
  • the microfluidic chip further includes a cover sheet 6, which is arranged in the top cover 4, and is provided with a cover sheet 6 that allows external operating parts to pass through to connect the rotor 32.
  • the cover sheet 6 is also provided with a fourth through hole 61 that allows the puncture needle 41 to pass through.
  • the puncture needle 41 is configured to press against the sealing film under the action of an external force, and continue to press against the sealing film after puncturing the sealing film, so as to The third through hole 412 is sealed by the cover sheet 6 .
  • the piercing needle 41 includes a first needle segment and a second needle segment, and the radial dimension of the second needle segment is larger than that of the first needle segment.
  • the second needle section is connected to the first rib 421 , the first needle section is configured as a pointed needle for piercing the sealing membrane, and the third through hole 412 is provided in the second needle section.
  • the puncture needle 41 is pressed against the sealing film under the action of external force, and punctures the sealing film, so that the reagent chamber 121 communicates with the atmosphere through the needle inner airway 411 and the third through hole 412 on the puncture needle 41, which is convenient for subsequent extraction of reagents.
  • the first needle segment passes through the fourth through hole 61 .
  • the puncture needle 41 is further pressed against the sealing film under the action of external force, and the third through hole 412 is sealed by the cover sheet 6, thereby sealing the reagent chamber 121 to prevent waste liquid from flowing out.
  • a sealing film is disposed on the cover sheet 6 to seal the reagent compartment 121 .
  • the sealing film is directly disposed on the reagent compartment 121 to seal the reagent compartment 121 .
  • reaction chamber 21 protrudes toward the side away from the storage element 1 .
  • the reaction chamber 21 has a spherical crown structure.
  • the reaction chamber 21 is used as a reagent reaction site for nucleic acid extraction, and the extraction step is completed in a short time through the cooperation of the spherical crown chamber structure and the ultrasonic transducer.
  • the microfluidic chip further includes an amplification part 5, and the amplification part 5 is provided with an amplification chamber 51, as shown in Figures 5 and 6, the side of the storage part 1 There is a slot 14 at the top, the slot 14 is located between two adjacent storage bins 12, the amplification part 5 is plugged into the slot 14, and the valve 3 is configured to operably communicate the reaction bin 21 with the amplification bin 51 .
  • the amplification part 5 is a sheet structure with a large heating surface and is easy to collect sample fluorescence.
  • the expansion part 5 adopts a separate design, and can be connected or separated from the main structure of the microfluidic chip (including the storage part 1 ) by plugging and unplugging, which improves the versatility.
  • the storage part 1 is provided with a second storage part inner channel 15, the first end 151 of the second storage part inner flow channel 15 passes through the slot 14, and the second The second end 152 of the internal flow channel 15 of the storage part passes through the groove 11, as shown in Figure 15, the expansion part 5 is provided with the expansion part internal flow channel 52 communicated with the amplification chamber 51, and the expansion part internal flow channel 52 communicates with the first end 151 of the flow channel 15 in the second storage part, and the valve 3 is configured to operatively communicate with the second end 152 of the flow channel 15 in the second storage part, so as to pass the solution in the reaction chamber 21 through the second storage part.
  • the flow channel 15 in the two storage parts and the flow channel 52 in the expansion part lead to the expansion chamber 51 .
  • the storage part 1 is provided with a third storage part inner flow channel 16, the first end 161 of the third storage part inner flow channel 16 passes through the slot 14, and the third storage part inner flow channel 16 passes through the slot 14, and the third The second end 162 of the internal flow channel 16 of the storage part passes through the groove 11, as shown in Figure 15, the expansion part 5 is provided with an expansion part internal air channel 53 communicated with the expansion chamber 51, and the expansion part internal air channel 53 communicates with the first end 161 of the flow channel 16 in the third storage part, and the valve 3 is configured to be operatively connected to the second end 162 of the flow channel 16 in the third storage part, so that the gas in the amplification chamber 51 passes through the expansion chamber.
  • the air passage 53 in the extension part and the flow passage 16 in the third storage part lead to a storage chamber 12 to keep the air pressure balance in the amplification chamber 51.
  • the above-mentioned connected air channel and flow channel discharge excess liquid in the amplification chamber 51 to the storage chamber 12 to avoid leakage pollution.
  • the extension part 5 includes a main body and a plug-in part, the expansion chamber 51 is arranged on the main body, and the plug-in part is mated with the slot 14 for plug-in connection.
  • the valve 3 is connected to the second end 152 of the flow channel 15 in the second storage part, so that the solution in the reaction chamber 21 is guided to the expansion chamber 51 through the flow channel 15 in the second storage part and the flow channel 52 in the amplification part.
  • the valve 3 is also connected to the second end 162 of the flow channel 16 in the third storage part, so as to guide the gas in the expansion chamber 51 to a storage chamber through the air passage 53 in the expansion part and the flow channel 16 in the third storage part.
  • the storage compartment 12 is adjacent to the slot 14 .
  • the valve 3 is provided with an in-valve channel 31 communicating with the reaction chamber 21, and an in-valve air channel 32 is also provided in the valve 3, and the valve 3 is configured to be operable
  • the flow passage 31 in the valve is connected to the reaction chamber 21 and the amplification chamber 51
  • the air passage 32 in the valve is connected to the amplification chamber 51 and a storage chamber 12 .
  • the storage part 1 is provided with an internal air passage 17 in the storage part. air pump. Suction force is provided by the air pump to guide the solution in the storage chamber 12 to the reaction chamber 21 through the valve 3, or the air pump provides blowing force to guide the solution in the reaction chamber 21 to the storage chamber 12 through the valve 3 Inside.
  • the first end 171 of the air channel 17 in the storage part passes through one end of the groove 11 of the storage part 1 , and the first end 171 of the air channel 17 in the storage part is located at Between two adjacent storage bins 12.
  • the top cover 4 is fixed on the end of the storage element 1 provided with the groove 11
  • the base 2 is fixed on the end of the storage element 1 away from the top cover 4 .
  • the storage part 1 is a cylindrical structure
  • the cover surface of the top cover 4 covering the storage part 1 is circular
  • the surface connecting the base 2 and the storage part 1 is circular
  • the cover sheet 6 is round.
  • the groove 11 provided in the storage member 1 is a cylindrical groove.
  • the base 321 and the first gasket 3212 of the rotor 32 of the valve 3 are circular.
  • microfluidic chip Some specific embodiments of the microfluidic chip will be described in detail below in conjunction with FIGS. 1 to 17 .
  • the microfluidic chip includes a storage part 1 , a base 2 , a valve 3 , a top cover 4 , an amplification part 5 and a cover sheet 6 .
  • the top cover 4 is fixed on the top of the storage part 1, and covers part of the top of the storage part 1, and the cover sheet 6 is arranged between the top cover 4 and the top of the storage part 1.
  • the base 2 is fixedly arranged on the bottom of the storage part 1 .
  • the middle position of the top of the storage part 1 is provided with a groove 11 which is concave to the bottom, and the valve 3 is arranged in the groove 11, and the operation part of the valve 3 protrudes from the groove 11 and extends to the top cover 4, and the top cover 4 is provided with a valve allowing
  • the through hole through which the operating part of the valve 3 passes, or the external operating part extends into the through hole to connect the operating part of the valve 3 to operate the valve 3.
  • the extension part 5 is pluggably arranged on the side of the storage part 1 , and the side part of the top cover 4 is provided with a gap for avoiding the extension part 5 .
  • the top cover 4 includes a circular cover plate 47, the middle part of the cover plate 47 is provided with a second through hole 43, the second through hole 43 is used to pass through the operating part of the valve 3, or the external The operating part extends into the second through hole 43 and is connected to the operating part of the valve 3 .
  • a circumferential sidewall 48 extending towards the storage part 1 is provided on the circumference of the cover plate 47 , and the circumferential sidewall 48 of the top cover 4 encloses the top part of the storage part 1 .
  • the circumferential side wall 48 of the top cover 4 is provided with a clamping block, and the top of the storage part 1 is provided with a clamping slot, and the top cover 4 and the storage part 1 are fixedly connected through the clamping block and the clamping slot structure.
  • the cover plate 47 of the top cover 4 is provided with a sample loading port 46, and the sample loading port 46 corresponds to the position of a storage bin 12 in a plurality of storage bins 12. Add the sample to be tested in the sample adding chamber.
  • the cover plate 47 of the top cover 4 is also provided with a fifth through hole 44, the fifth through hole 44 is used to communicate with the air channel 17 in the storage part of the storage part 1, and the air channel 17 in the storage part communicates with the reaction chamber 21.
  • the gas in the warehouse 21 communicates with the outside through the air channel 17 in the storage part and the fifth through hole 44.
  • the fifth through hole 44 can be used as a pump interface, connected to an air pump, and the suction force is provided by the air pump to make the solution in the storage bin 12 pass through.
  • the valve 3 leads into the reaction chamber 21 ; the blowing force is provided by an air pump, so that the solution in the reaction chamber 21 is led into the storage chamber 12 through the valve 3 .
  • the storage part 1 is provided with a plurality of storage compartments 12 around the groove 11, therefore, correspondingly, a plurality of piercing needles 41 are connected to the cover plate 47 of the top cover 4, and each piercing needle 41 is arranged at intervals around the center line of the groove 11 , each puncture needle 41 corresponds to a storage bin 12 .
  • Each piercing needle 41 can be connected to the ring part 45, the outer edge of the ring part 45 is connected to the cover plate of the top cover 4 through a plurality of first ribs 421, and the inner edge of the ring part 45 can be connected to the cover plate of the top cover 4 through a plurality of second ribs.
  • the rib 422 is connected to a cylindrical member 49 .
  • the puncture needle 41 is a hollow structure, that is, there is an air passage 411 inside the needle, and a third through hole 412 is provided on the puncture needle 41, and the third through hole 412 communicates with the air passage 411 inside the needle and the outside atmosphere.
  • the piercing needle 41 comprises a first needle segment and a second needle segment, the radial dimension of the second needle segment being larger than the radial dimension of the first needle segment.
  • the second needle section is connected to the ring member 45 , the first needle section is configured as a pointed needle for piercing the sealing membrane, and the third through hole 412 is provided on the second needle section.
  • the cover sheet 6 is circular, and a fourth through hole 61 , a sixth through hole 62 and a seventh through hole 63 are formed in the middle thereof.
  • the sixth through hole 62 is aligned with the second through hole 43 on the cover plate 47.
  • the sixth through hole 62 is used to pass through the operating part of the valve 3, or allow an external operating member to extend into the sixth through hole 62 to connect to the valve 3. operation department.
  • There are multiple fourth through holes 61 and each fourth through hole 61 corresponds to a piercing needle 41 .
  • the seventh through hole 63 is aligned with the fifth through hole 44 on the top cover 4 and is used for communicating with the air channel 17 in the storage part.
  • the radial dimension of the second needle section of the puncture needle 41 is greater than the radial dimension of the first needle section.
  • the piercing needle 41 on the top cover 4 is used to pierce the sealing film on the storage bin 12, so that the storage bin 12 communicates with the atmosphere.
  • the cover sheet 6 is used to cooperate with the puncture needle 41 of the top cover 4, and seal the storage bin 12 after the detection is completed.
  • the storage member 1 is cylindrical, and a groove 11 is formed in the middle of the top end, and a plurality of storage bins 12 are arranged around the groove 11 .
  • the storage bin 12 can be used as a sample loading bin and a reagent bin 121 .
  • the multiple storage bins 12 include a sample loading bin and a plurality of reagent bins 121, the sample adding bin is used to add samples to be tested, the reagent bin 121 is used to store reagents for biochemical reactions, and the upper part of the reagent bin 121 The surface is sealed with a sealing film, and the lower surface is sealed.
  • the second end 132 of the inner channel 13 of the first storage member communicates with the reagent chamber 121 through the lowest position of the reagent chamber 121 .
  • the reagent compartment 121 selects an appropriate bonding method according to requirements to ensure that the packaging of the reagent is airtight and convenient for transportation and storage.
  • the section of the storage bin 12 is oval.
  • the section of the storage compartment 12 is narrow near the centerline of the groove 11 and wide at the part away from the centerline of the groove 11 .
  • the size and distribution of storage bins 12 can be adjusted according to requirements.
  • the storage part 1 is provided with an internal storage part air passage 17 , and the first end of the storage part internal air passage 17 is located between two adjacent storage bins 12 .
  • the air channel 17 in the storage part communicates with the reaction chamber 21 .
  • a slot 14 is provided on the side of the storage element 1 for inserting the expansion element 5 .
  • the storage part 1 is provided with at least two first storage part inner flow channels 13 , and each first storage part inner flow channel 13 communicates with one storage bin 12 correspondingly.
  • the first end 131 of each internal flow channel 13 of the first storage member passes through the bottom wall of the groove 11 for communicating with the internal flow channel 31 of the valve 3 .
  • the second end 132 of the flow channel 13 in each first storage part communicates with the storage bin 12 through the side of the storage bin 12 adjacent to the base 2, and the second end 132 of the flow channel 13 in the first storage part communicates with the bottom of the storage bin 12. site to avoid reagent residue.
  • the second end 132 of the flow channel 13 in the first storage part communicates with the position of the storage chamber 12 closest to the groove 11, so as to shorten the communication distance with the valve 3 and improve the detection efficiency.
  • the storage part 1 is provided with a second storage part internal flow channel 15 , and a first end 151 of the second storage part internal flow channel 15 passes through the slot 14 for communicating with the expansion part internal flow channel 52 .
  • the second end 152 of the inner channel 15 of the second storage member passes through the groove 11 for communicating with the inner channel 31 of the valve 3 .
  • the storage part 1 is provided with a third storage part internal flow channel 16 , and the first end 161 of the third storage part internal flow channel 16 passes through the slot 14 for communication with the expansion part internal air channel 53 .
  • the second end 162 of the inner channel 16 of the third storage member passes through the groove 11 for communicating with the inner valve air channel 34 of the valve 3 .
  • the slot 14 is provided with a first buckle 141 for mating connection with the second buckle 54 on the extension part 5 .
  • valve 3 is used to control the closure of the liquid circuit and communicate with each chamber.
  • the valve 3 includes a rotor 32 and a valve cover 33 .
  • the rotor 32 is rotatably disposed in the groove 11 .
  • the rotor 21 includes a valve seat body 3211, a valve stem 322 and a first washer 3212.
  • the first gasket 3212 is in the same shape as the bottom of the valve seat body 3211, both of which are circular.
  • the valve seat body 3211 and the first gasket 3212 are fixedly arranged.
  • the flow channel 31 in the valve is formed in the combined structure of the valve seat body 3211 and the first gasket 3212 .
  • the radial dimension of the valve stem 322 is smaller than the radial dimension of the valve seat body 3211, one end of the valve stem 322 is fixedly connected to the valve seat body 3211, and the other end of the valve stem 322 is an operating part for passing through the first through hole 331, And it is connected with an external operating part.
  • the valve 3 is provided with an in-valve channel 31 and an in-valve air channel 32 .
  • the first end 311 of the flow channel 31 in the valve is located in the middle of the valve 3, and is aligned with the first end 181 of the flow channel 18 of the fourth storage part on the groove 11, and the flow channel 31 in the valve always passes through the fourth storage part
  • the inner flow channel 18 communicates with the reaction chamber 21, and the second end 312 of the valve inner flow channel 31 can be selectively connected with any first storage member inner flow channel 13 or the second storage member inner flow channel during the rotation of the rotor 32. 15, and the second end 312 of the flow channel 31 in the valve is close to the outer edge of the valve 3 .
  • the first end 32 of the air channel 32 in the valve communicates with the second end 162 of the flow channel 16 in the third storage part, and the air in the valve
  • the second end of the channel 32 communicates with the first end 131 of the flow channel 13 in the first storage part
  • the second end 132 of the flow channel 13 in the first storage part communicates with a storage bin 12 .
  • the inner flow channel 13 of the storage part communicates with or communicates with the inner flow channel 15 of the second storage part to complete the liquid flow transfer during the detection process.
  • the operating portion of the valve rod 322 is configured as a hexagonal structure.
  • the circumferential direction of the valve seat body 3211 is provided with a boss 324, and the boss 324 has an arc-shaped outer contour to reduce the circumferential direction of the valve seat body 3211 and the circumference of the groove 11 during the rotation of the valve seat body 3211 relative to the groove 11. Friction against the side walls.
  • the base 2 includes a chassis 22 , a support member 23 and a positioning member 24 .
  • the surface of the chassis 22 is circular, and the chassis 22 is provided with a positioning protrusion 27 for connecting the storage part 1 .
  • the supporting member 23 is disposed under the chassis 22 for supporting the chassis 22 and the entire microfluidic chip.
  • the support member 23 is used as a supporting structure of the microfluidic chip, so that the microfluidic chip can be placed stably.
  • the bottom of the support member 23 is also provided with a positioning groove 28, and the positioning groove 28 is used to cooperate with the placement platform on the detection equipment to complete the initial positioning of the microfluidic chip.
  • a clamping groove 25 is formed between the support member 23 and the chassis 22. When the microfluidic chip is pushed into the detection device, the clamping groove 25 is used for positioning with the structure on the detection device, and then the microfluidic chip is Fixed to avoid the detection error caused by the movement of the microfluidic chip during the detection process and improve the detection consistency.
  • the reaction chamber 21 is located at the bottom of the chassis 22 and protrudes downwards. It has a spherical crown structure. This structure can be coupled with the ultrasonic head to quickly achieve resonance and assist in sample lysis and magnetic bead mixing.
  • the chassis 22 is provided with an inner flow passage in the chassis that communicates with the reaction chamber 21 .
  • the first end 261 of the inner flow passage in the chassis is located in the middle of the chassis 22 , and the second end 262 of the inner flow passage in the chassis communicates with the reaction chamber 21 .
  • the first end 261 of the inner channel of the chassis communicates with the inner channel 18 of the fourth storage member, and is aligned with the first end 311 of the inner channel 31 of the valve, so that the inner channel 31 of the valve communicates with the reaction chamber 21 all the time.
  • the second end 262 of the flow channel in the chassis communicates with the reaction chamber 21 through the lowest part of the reaction chamber 21, so as to avoid the formation of a dead zone and cause the reagents to be exhausted.
  • the positioning part 24 is arranged on the supporting part 23, and is used for positioning when installing the microfluidic chip on the detection device.
  • the above-mentioned top cover 4 is fixed on the end of the storage part 1 provided with the groove 11 , the base 2 is fixed on the end of the storage part 1 away from the top cover 4 , and the valve 3 is set in the groove 11 .
  • the top cover 4, the storage part 1, the base 2 and the valve 3 form the main structure of the microfluidic chip.
  • the amplification member 5 is a thin-sheet structure, which is used to realize rapid heating and cooling amplification.
  • the expansion part 5 is pluggably connected to and detachable from the slot 14 of the storage part 1 .
  • the amplification part 5 can be separated from the main structure of the microfluidic chip, and can be produced and bonded with a material different from the main structure.
  • the expansion part 5 is provided with an expansion chamber 51, and the amplification chamber 51 is in the shape of a sheet, so that it can have a larger contact surface with the heat source and thermal conductivity.
  • the expansion part 5 is provided with an expansion part internal flow channel 52 communicating with the amplification chamber 51 , and the expansion part internal flow channel 52 is in communication with the first end 151 of the second storage part internal flow channel 15 .
  • the expansion part 5 is provided with an internal air channel 53 of the expansion part communicating with the expansion chamber 51 , and the internal air channel 53 of the expansion part is in communication with the first end 161 of the internal flow channel 16 of the third storage part.
  • connection between the main structure of the microfluidic chip and the expansion part 5 can be fixed by secondary injection molding or bonding, etc., to fix the soft rubber second gasket 7 to ensure that the internal flow channel 52 of the expansion part and the air in the expansion part at the connection Airtightness of Road 53.
  • the cross sections of the first buckle 141 provided in the slot 14 and the second buckle 54 provided on the expansion part 5 can be triangular. After the expansion part 5 is inserted into the slot 14, the first buckle 141 and the second buckle The buckles 54 limit each other to prevent the expansion part 5 from being pulled out from the slot 14 .
  • Some embodiments also provide a microfluidic chip detection system, which includes a detection device and the above-mentioned microfluidic chip, and the detection device includes an operating table for accommodating the microfluidic chip, and an operating member for operating the valve 3 .
  • the microfluidic chip detection system provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure has low requirements for operators. It only needs to add the sample to be tested, put the microfluidic chip into the detection device, and click the start button to start including extraction and amplification. detection process.
  • the operator pays attention to the positioning structure corresponding to the base 2 of the microfluidic chip and the detection equipment, and lays it flat on the tray of the detection equipment to complete the initial positioning. After clicking the start button, the tray enters the working area of the detection device, and at the same time, the clamping groove 25 of the base 2 cooperates with the structure on the detection device to clamp and fix the microfluidic chip.
  • the detection process starts, the air pump is connected to the air pump interface on the microfluidic chip, the puncture needle 41 on the top cover 4 of the microfluidic chip is under downward pressure, the first rib 421 breaks, and the puncture needle 41 is separated from the top cover 4. Puncture the sealing film on the storage compartment 12, and the storage compartment 12 communicates with the air through the needle airway 411 and the third through hole 412 in the puncture needle 41 to prepare for the reagent release.
  • the magnetic bead method is used for nucleic acid extraction.
  • the ultrasonic head will couple and resonate with the reaction compartment 21.
  • the spherical crown structure of the reaction compartment 21 can provide better support. Avoid wall deformation during the ultrasonic process, and at the same time, the contact surface has good consistency. Under the effect of ultrasound, the vibration of the wall surface drives the reagents and magnetic beads in the reaction chamber 21 to oscillate, and the auxiliary lysis of the sample and the mixing of the magnetic beads can be completed within a few seconds.
  • the waste liquid after reaction will be transferred from the reaction chamber 21 back to the storage chamber 12, and then sealed by the rotary valve 3.
  • the pressing module in the testing device will act on the piercing needle 41 on the top cover 4 of the microfluidic chip again, and the downward pressure will cause the second rib 422 to break, and the piercing needle 41 will continue to move down, piercing
  • the second needle section of the needle 41 forms an interference fit with the cover piece 6, and the cover piece 6 covers the third through hole 412 on the second needle section, so that the storage bin 12 is isolated from the atmosphere, and the reaction waste liquid in the storage bin 12 is prevented from leaking .
  • the flow channel in the present disclosure can be used for liquid transmission or gas transmission, and similarly, the air channel can be used for gas transmission or liquid transmission.

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Abstract

一种微流控芯片及微流控芯片检测系统。该微流控芯片包括：储存件（1），其上设有凹槽（11），围绕凹槽（11）设有至少两个储存仓（12）；底座（2），设于储存件（1）背离凹槽（11）的一端，底座上设有反应仓（21）；以及阀（3），设于凹槽（11）内，阀（3）被配置为可操作地将至少两个储存仓（12）中的任一个与反应仓（21）连通。通过操作阀（3）可将任一储存仓（12）内的溶液引向反应仓（21），或将反应仓（21）内的溶液引向任一储存仓（12），实现溶液转移。

Description

微流控芯片及微流控芯片检测系统
本公开是以CN申请号为202111362356.6，申请日为2021年11月17日的申请 为基础，并主张其优先权，该CN申请的公开内容在此作为整体引入本申请中。
技术领域
本公开涉及体外诊断领域，尤其涉及一种微流控芯片及微流控芯片检测系统。
背景技术
核酸检测技术是直接对生命体的遗传物质，如DNA、RNA，进行检测的技术，其特异性及灵敏度极高，窗口期短，具备多重检测能力。但是，核酸检测过程十分复杂，步骤繁多，对检测环境、实验室条件、人员技术水平要求甚高，因此，核酸检测的发展趋势为全自动一体化、高度集成化，以及床边检测、即时检测，随地随检。
为了实现上述核酸全自动一体化检测，近年来兴起的微流控技术，将繁琐的核酸检测流程集成于带有微小尺寸流道、腔体且以一定规则排列的芯片上，不同的生物试剂按照一定的顺序释放，并通过不同流道流动至指定腔体，完成各种生化反应，最终实现核酸的快速、准确检测。得益于该种实现形式，基于微流控技术的核酸检测具备完全自动化、高度集成化以及简便快速、避免交叉污染、可在多种环境下独立使用和无需高度专业人员等优势，符合快速检测的理念和要求。
发明内容
在本公开的一个方面，提供一种微流控芯片，其包括：
储存件，其上设有凹槽，围绕所述凹槽设有至少两个储存仓；
底座，设于所述储存件背离所述凹槽的一端，所述底座上设有反应仓；以及
阀，设于所述凹槽内，所述阀被配置为可操作地将至少两个储存仓中的任一个与所述反应仓连通。
在一些实施例中，所述储存件内设有至少两个第一储存件内流道，每个第一储存件内流道对应连通一个储存仓，所述阀内设有连通所述反应仓的阀内流道，所述阀被配置为可操作地将所述阀内流道与任一第一储存件内流道连通。
在一些实施例中，每个第一储存件内流道的第一端穿过所述凹槽的底壁，所述阀被配置为可操作地将所述阀内流道与所述第一储存件内流道的第一端连通，每个第一储存件内流道的第二端经所述储存仓邻近所述底座的一侧与所述储存仓连通。
在一些实施例中，所述第一储存件内流道的第二端连通所述储存仓的位置最低的部位。
在一些实施例中，所述阀内流道的第一端和第二端均穿过所述阀邻近所述凹槽的底壁的一端，所述阀内流道的第一端与所述反应仓连通，所述阀内流道的第二端可操作地与任一第一储存件内流道连通，所述阀内流道的第一端位于所述阀的中部，所述阀内流道的第二端靠近所述阀的外缘。
在一些实施例中，所述阀包括：
转子，可转动地设于所述凹槽内，所述转子包括阀座和阀杆，所述阀杆连接所述阀座；以及
阀盖，连接所述凹槽的周向侧壁，且抵接所述阀座，将所述阀座限位在所述阀盖与所述凹槽的底壁之间，所述阀盖上设有第一通孔，所述阀杆的操作部穿出所述第一通孔，所述阀杆的操作部被配置为与外部的操作件连接。
在一些实施例中，所述阀盖与所述阀座的周向边缘抵接。
在一些实施例中，微流控芯片还包括密封膜，所述至少两个储存仓包括试剂仓，所述密封膜被配置为密封所述试剂仓，所述微流控芯片还包括顶盖和刺破针，所述顶盖设于所述储存件设有所述凹槽的一端，所述刺破针连接于所述顶盖，所述刺破针被配置为在外力作用下压向所述密封膜，以刺破所述密封膜。
在一些实施例中，所述顶盖包括第一筋条，所述刺破针连接于所述第一筋条，所述第一筋条被配置为在外力作用下断开，以使所述刺破针脱离所述顶盖压向所述密封膜。
在一些实施例中，所述顶盖的中部设有第二通孔，所述第二通孔被配置为允许外部的操作件穿过，以操作所述阀。
在一些实施例中，所述刺破针内设有针内气道，所述刺破针与所述顶盖连接的部位附近设有连通所述刺破针外部和所述针内气道的第三通孔。
在一些实施例中，微流控芯片还包括盖片，所述盖片设于所述顶盖内，所述盖片上设有允许所述刺破针穿过的第四通孔，所述刺破针被配置在外力作用下压向所述密 封膜，且在刺破密封膜后继续压向密封膜，以使所述第三通孔被所述盖片密封。
在一些实施例中，所述反应仓向远离所述储存件的一侧凸起。
在一些实施例中，所述反应仓为球冠状结构。
在一些实施例中，微流控芯片还包括扩增件，所述扩增件设有扩增仓，所述储存件的侧部设有插槽，所述插槽位于所述相邻两个储存仓之间，所述扩增件与所述插槽插接，所述阀被配置为可操作地将所述反应仓与所述扩增仓连通。
在一些实施例中，所述储存件设有第二储存件内流道，所述第二储存件内流道的第一端穿过所述插槽，所述第二储存件内流道的第二端穿过所述凹槽，所述扩增件设有连通所述扩增仓的扩增件内流道，所述扩增件内流道与所述第二储存件内流道的第一端连通，所述阀被配置为可操作地连通所述第二储存件内流道的第二端，以将所述反应仓内的溶液通过所述第二储存件内流道和所述扩增件内流道引向所述扩增仓。
在一些实施例中，所述储存件设有第三储存件内流道，所述第三储存件内流道的第一端穿过所述插槽，所述第三储存件内流道的第二端穿过所述凹槽，所述扩增件设有连通所述扩增仓的扩增件内气道，所述扩增件内气道与所述第三储存件内流道的第一端连通，所述阀被配置为可操作地连通所述第三储存件内流道的第二端，以将所述扩增仓的气体通过所述扩增件内气道和所述第三储存件内流道引向一储存仓。
在一些实施例中，所述阀内设有连通所述反应仓的阀内流道，所述阀内还设有阀内气道，所述阀被配置为可操作地将所述阀内流道连通所述反应仓和所述扩增仓，且将所述阀内气道连通所述扩增仓和一储存仓。
在一些实施例中，所述储存件设有储存件内气道，所述储存件内气道连通所述反应仓，所述储存件内气道被配置为连通外部的气泵。
在一些实施例中，所述储存件内气道的第一端穿过所述储存件设置凹槽的一端，所述储存件内气道的第一端位于相邻两个储存仓之间。
在一些实施例中，所述顶盖固定设于所述储存件设有所述凹槽的一端，所述底座固定设于所述储存件远离所述顶盖的一端。
在本公开的一个方面，提供一种微流控芯片检测系统，包括检测设备和上述的微流控芯片，所述检测设备包括用于容纳所述微流控芯片的操作台，以及用于操作所述阀的操作件。
基于上述技术方案，本公开至少具有以下有益效果：
在一些实施例中，储存件上设置凹槽，围绕凹槽的周向设置至少两个储存仓，在凹槽内设置阀，阀的下方设置反应仓，通过操作阀可将任一储存仓内的溶液引向反应仓，或将反应仓内的溶液引向任一储存仓，实现溶液转移，结构简单紧凑，能够大幅缩短流道长度，提高检测效率。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本公开的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，本公开的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本公开，并不构成对本公开的不当限定。在附图中：
图1为根据本公开一些实施例提供的微流控芯片的整体结构示意图；
图2为根据本公开一些实施例提供的微流控芯片的分解结构示意图；
图3为根据本公开一些实施例提供的微流控芯片的顶盖的结构示意图；
图4为根据本公开一些实施例提供的微流控芯片的顶盖和盖片的结构示意图；
图5为根据本公开一些实施例提供的微流控芯片的储存件和阀的结构示意图；
图6为根据本公开一些实施例提供的微流控芯片的储存件的俯视示意图；
图7为根据本公开一些实施例提供的微流控芯片的储存件的仰视示意图；
图8为根据本公开一些实施例提供的微流控芯片的储存件的剖视示意图；
图9为根据本公开一些实施例提供的微流控芯片的阀的分解结构示意图；
图10为根据本公开一些实施例提供的微流控芯片的阀的剖视示意图；
图11为根据本公开一些实施例提供的微流控芯片的底座的结构示意图；
图12为根据本公开一些实施例提供的微流控芯片的底座的俯视示意图；
图13为根据本公开一些实施例提供的微流控芯片的底座的底部结构示意图；
图14为根据本公开一些实施例提供的微流控芯片的底座的剖视示意图；
图15为根据本公开一些实施例提供的微流控芯片的扩增件的示意图；
图16为根据本公开一些实施例提供的微流控芯片的扩增件、第二垫片以及储存件连接之前的示意图；
图17为根据本公开一些实施例提供的微流控芯片的扩增件插入储存件的插槽之前的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本公开实施例中的附图，对实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本公开的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本公开的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本公开保护的范围。
在本公开的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本公开和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本公开保护范围的限制。
本公开的一些实施例提出一种微流控芯片及微流控芯片检测系统，适用于体外快速检测。
如图1和图2所示，一些实施例提供了一种微流控芯片，其包括储存件1、底座2和阀3。
如图5和图6所示，储存件1上设有凹槽11，围绕凹槽11设有至少两个储存仓12。其中，凹槽11包括底壁和周向侧壁。
如图1和图2所示，底座2设于储存件1背离凹槽11的一端，底座2上设有反应仓21。
如图1、图2和图5所示，阀3设于凹槽11内，阀3被配置为可操作地将至少两个储存仓12中的任一个与反应仓21连通。
至少两个储存仓12包括至少一个样本仓和至少两个试剂仓121，试剂仓121用于储存不同检测试剂，可以是固体或者液体试剂，试剂仓121的数量可以根据需求灵活增减。样本仓可以设置一个，也可以根据需要设置两个等，样本仓内用于加待检测样本，待检测样本包括血液或唾液等。
反应仓21为核酸提取的试剂反应场所。
阀3为微流控芯片中液流控制的关键部件，控制流道的连通和闭合。
底座2用于保证微流控芯片的稳固平放，同时具有定位和限位作用，以提高检测稳定性。
本公开实施例通过在储存件1上设置凹槽11，围绕凹槽11的周向设置至少两个 储存仓12，在凹槽11内设置阀3，阀3的下方设置反应仓21，通过操作阀3可将任一储存仓12内的溶液引向反应仓21，或将反应仓21内的溶液引向任一储存仓12，实现溶液转移，结构简单紧凑，能够大幅缩短流道长度，提高检测效率。
如图8所示，储存件1内设有至少两个第一储存件内流道13，每个第一储存件内流道13对应连通一个储存仓12，如图10所示，阀3内设有连通反应仓21的阀内流道31，阀3被配置为可操作地将阀内流道31与任一第一储存件内流道13连通。
阀内流道31始终与反应仓21连通，通过操作阀3，使阀内流道31可选择地与任意一个第一储存件内流道13连通，以将储存仓12内的溶液引向反应仓21，或者将反应仓21内的溶液引向储存仓12。
在一些实施例中，如图6至图8所示，每个第一储存件内流道13的第一端131穿过凹槽11的底壁，阀3被配置为可操作地将阀内流道31与第一储存件内流道13的第一端131连通，每个第一储存件内流道13的第二端132经储存仓12邻近底座2的一侧与储存仓12连通。
在一些实施例中，如图6至图8所示，第一储存件内流道13的第二端132连通储存仓12的位置最低且最靠近凹槽11的部位。
在一些实施例中，如图6至图8所示，第一储存件内流道13的第二端132连通储存仓12的位置最低且最靠近凹槽11的部位，以缩短流道长度。
在一些实施例中，如图9和图10所示，阀内流道31的第一端311和第二端312均穿过阀3邻近凹槽11的底壁的一端，阀内流道31的第一端311与反应仓21连通，阀内流道31的第二端312可操作地与任一第一储存件内流道13连通，阀内流道31的第一端311位于阀3的中部，阀内流道31的第二端312靠近阀3的外缘。
在一些实施例中，如图5和图8所示，储存件1整体呈圆柱形。
在一些实施例中，如图2、图9和图10所示，阀3包括转子32和阀盖33。
转子32可转动地设于凹槽11内，转子32包括阀座321和阀杆322，阀杆322连接阀座321。
阀盖33连接凹槽11的周向侧壁，且抵接阀座321，将阀座321限位在阀盖33与凹槽11的底壁之间，阀座321抵接凹槽11的底壁，阀盖33上设有第一通孔331，阀杆322的操作部穿出第一通孔331，且阀杆322的操作部被配置为与外部的操作件连接。
阀座321包括阀座本体3211和第一垫片3212，第一垫片3212与阀座本体3211的底部形状一致，阀座本体3211和第一垫片3212固定设置。阀内流道31形成于阀座321内。阀座本体3211采用硬性材料制成，第一垫片3212采用弹性材料制成，通过调整阀盖33对转子21的阀座321施加合适的抵接压力，使阀座321与凹槽11的底壁抵接，进而使阀内流道31具有检测需求的气密性，避免阀内流道31与储存件内流道连接处漏液。
在一些实施例中，阀盖33与阀座321的周向边缘抵接。
各第一储存件内流道13的第一端131穿过凹槽11的底壁，围绕凹槽11的中轴线设置，阀盖33与阀座321的周向边缘抵接，能够使阀座321与凹槽11的底壁抵接，使阀内流道31与储存件内流道连接处密封，避免漏液。
阀杆322的径向尺寸小于阀座本体3211的径向尺寸，阀杆322的一端与阀座本体3211固定连接，阀杆322的另一端为操作部，用于穿出第一通孔331，且与外部的操作件连接。通过操作件转动阀杆322，进而带动阀座本体3211和第一垫片3212转动，以选择地将阀内流道31的第二端312与一第一储存件内流道13连通。
可选地，阀杆322的操作部设置为六角形结构或四角形结构。
阀座本体3211的周向设有凸台324，凸台324具有弧形外轮廓，以在阀座本体3211相对于凹槽11转动的过程中，减少阀座本体3211的周向与凹槽11的周向侧壁的摩擦。
在一些实施例中，如图3至5所示，微流控芯片还包括密封膜，至少两个储存仓12包括试剂仓121，密封膜被配置为密封试剂仓121，微流控芯片还包括顶盖4和刺破针41，顶盖4设于储存件1设有凹槽11的一端，刺破针41连接于顶盖4，刺破针41被配置为在外力作用下压向密封膜，以刺破密封膜。
在一些实施例中，如图3至5所示，顶盖4包括第一筋条421，刺破针41连接于第一筋条421，第一筋条421被配置为在外力作用下断开，以使刺破针41脱离顶盖4压向密封膜。
在一些实施例中，如图3至5所示，顶盖4的中部设有第二通孔43，第二通孔43被配置为允许外部的操作件穿过，以连接阀3的操作部，用于转动阀3。
在一些实施例中，如图4所示，刺破针41内设有针内气道411，刺破针41与顶盖4连接的部位设有第三通孔412，第三通孔412连通刺破针41的外部和针内气道 411。
在一些实施例中，如图4所示，微流控芯片还包括盖片6，盖片6设于顶盖4内，盖片6上设有允许外部的操作件穿过，以连接转子32的第六通孔62。盖片6上还设有允许刺破针41穿过的第四通孔61，刺破针41被配置在外力作用下压向密封膜，且在刺破密封膜后继续压向密封膜，以使第三通孔412被盖片6密封。
如图4所示，刺破针41包括第一针段和第二针段，第二针段的径向尺寸大于第一针段的径向尺寸。第二针段连接第一筋条421，第一针段被构造为尖针状，用于刺破密封膜，第三通孔412设于第二针段。
刺破针41在外力作用下压向密封膜，且刺破密封膜，使试剂仓121通过刺破针41上的针内气道411和第三通孔412与大气连通，便于后续抽取试剂，此时第一针段穿过第四通孔61。在检测结束后，刺破针41在外力作用下进一步压向密封膜，第三通孔412被盖片6密封，进而密封试剂仓121，避免废液流出。
在一些实施例中，密封膜设置在盖片6上，以密封试剂仓121。
在另一些实施例中，密封膜直接设置在试剂仓121上，以密封试剂仓121。
在一些实施例中，如图11至14所示，反应仓21向远离储存件1的一侧凸起。
在一些实施例中，如图11至14所示，反应仓21呈球冠状结构。反应仓21作为核酸提取的试剂反应场所，通过球冠状的腔室结构与超声换能器的配合，在短时间内完成提取步骤。
在一些实施例中，如图15至17所示，微流控芯片还包括扩增件5，扩增件5设有扩增仓51，如图5和图6所示，储存件1的侧部设有插槽14，插槽14位于相邻两个储存仓12之间，扩增件5与插槽14插接，阀3被配置为可操作地将反应仓21与扩增仓51连通。
扩增件5为薄片式结构，受热面大且易进行样本荧光采集。
扩增件5采用分离式设计，可以通过插拔的方式与微流控芯片的主体结构(包括储存件1)连接或者分离，提高了通用性。
在一些实施例中，如图5至图8所示，储存件1设有第二储存件内流道15，第二储存件内流道15的第一端151穿过插槽14，第二储存件内流道15的第二端152穿过凹槽11，如图15所示，扩增件5设有与扩增仓51连通的扩增件内流道52，扩增件内流道52与第二储存件内流道15的第一端151连通，阀3被配置为可操作地连通第 二储存件内流道15的第二端152，以将反应仓21内的溶液通过第二储存件内流道15和扩增件内流道52引向扩增仓51。
在一些实施例中，如图5至图8所示，储存件1设有第三储存件内流道16，第三储存件内流道16的第一端161穿过插槽14，第三储存件内流道16的第二端162穿过凹槽11，如图15所示，扩增件5设有与扩增仓51连通的扩增件内气道53，扩增件内气道53与第三储存件内流道16的第一端161连通，阀3被配置为可操作地连通第三储存件内流道16的第二端162，以将扩增仓51的气体通过扩增件内气道53和第三储存件内流道16引向一储存仓12，以保持扩增仓51内气压平衡，若待测样本稍多，扩增仓51装不下时，也可通过上述连通的气道和流道将扩增仓51内多余的液体排至储存仓12，避免泄漏污染。扩增件5包括主体部和插拔部，扩增仓51设于主体部，插拔部与插槽14配合插拔连接。
扩增件内流道52和扩增件内气道53均连通扩增仓51，且扩增件内流道52和扩增件内气道53的部分部位位于插拔部。
在阀3连通第二储存件内流道15的第二端152，以将反应仓21内的溶液通过第二储存件内流道15和扩增件内流道52引向扩增仓51的同时，阀3还连通第三储存件内流道16的第二端162，以将扩增仓51的气体通过扩增件内气道53和第三储存件内流道16引向一储存仓12。可选地，该储存仓12与插槽14相邻。
在一些实施例中，如图9和图10所示，阀3内设有连通反应仓21的阀内流道31，阀3内还设有阀内气道32，阀3被配置为可操作地将阀内流道31连通反应仓21与扩增仓51，且将阀内气道32连通扩增仓51与一储存仓12。
在一些实施例中，如图5至图7所示，储存件1设有储存件内气道17，储存件内气道17连通反应仓21，储存件内气道17被配置为连通外部的气泵。通过气泵提供抽吸力，用于将储存仓12内的溶液通过阀3引向反应仓21内，或者，气泵提供吹力，用于将反应仓21内的溶液通过阀3引向储存仓12内。
在一些实施例中，如图5至图7所示，储存件内气道17的第一端171穿过储存件1设置凹槽11的一端，储存件内气道17的第一端171位于相邻两个储存仓12之间。
在一些实施例中，如图1所示，顶盖4固定设于储存件1设有凹槽11的一端，底座2固定设于储存件1远离顶盖4的一端。
在一些实施例中，如图2所示，储存件1为圆柱形结构，顶盖4覆盖储存件1的盖面为圆形，底座2与储存件1连接的面为圆形，盖片6为圆形。储存件1内设置的凹槽11为圆柱形凹槽。阀3的转子32的底座321和第一垫片3212为圆形。
下面结合附图1至17详细描述微流控芯片的一些具体实施例。
如图1和图2所示，微流控芯片包括储存件1、底座2、阀3、顶盖4、扩增件5和盖片6。
如图1和图2所示，顶盖4固定在储存件1的顶部，且将储存件1顶部的部分部位包设在内，盖片6设于顶盖4与储存件1的顶部之间。底座2固定设置在储存件1的底部。储存件1的顶部中间位置设有凹向底部的凹槽11，阀3设于凹槽11内，阀3的操作部伸出凹槽11，伸向顶盖4，顶盖4设有允许阀3的操作部穿出的通孔，或者外部的操作件伸入通孔连接阀3的操作部，以操作阀3动作。扩增件5可插拔地设于储存件1的侧部，顶盖4的侧部设有避让扩增件5的缺口。
如图2至4所示，顶盖4包括圆形的盖板47，盖板47的中部设有第二通孔43，第二通孔43用于穿过阀3的操作部，或者外部的操作件伸入第二通孔43连接阀3的操作部。盖板47的周向设有一圈向储存件1延伸的周向侧壁48，顶盖4的周向侧壁48将储存件1的顶部部分部位包设在内。顶盖4的周向侧壁48设有卡块，储存件1的顶部设有卡槽，顶盖4与储存件1通过卡块和卡槽结构固定连接。
顶盖4的盖板47上设有加样口46，加样口46与多个储存仓12中的一个储存仓12的位置对应，该储存仓12作为加样仓，通过加样口46向加样仓内添加待检测样品。
顶盖4的盖板47上还设有第五通孔44，第五通孔44用于与储存件1的储存件内气道17连通，储存件内气道17与反应仓21连通，反应仓21内的气体通过储存件内气道17和第五通孔44连通外部，第五通孔44可以作为泵接口，连接气泵，通过气泵提供抽吸力，以使储存仓12内的溶液通过阀3引向反应仓21内；通过气泵提供吹力，以使反应仓21内的溶液通过阀3引向储存仓12内。
储存件1围绕凹槽11设有多个储存仓12，因此，对应的，顶盖4的盖板47上连接有多个刺破针41，各刺破针41围绕凹槽11的中线间隔设置，每个刺破针41对应一储存仓12。各刺破针41可以连接至环形件45上，环形件45的外缘通过多个第一筋条421连接至顶盖4的盖板上，环形件45的内缘处可以通过多个第二筋条422连 接一筒形件49。
刺破针41为中空结构，即其内设有针内气道411，刺破针41上还设有第三通孔412，第三通孔412连通针内气道411和外部大气。刺破针41包括第一针段和第二针段，第二针段的径向尺寸大于第一针段的径向尺寸。第二针段连接于环形件45，第一针段被构造为尖针状，用于刺破密封膜，第三通孔412设于第二针段。
在使用微流控芯片时，向顶盖4上的环形件45施加压力，使第一筋条421断裂，环形件45带动各刺破针41与盖板47脱离，压向储存仓12上的密封膜，刺破针41刺破密封膜，筒形件49与凹槽11的周向侧壁抵接，避免刺破针41过渡下移，此时，储存仓12内的气体通过针内气道411、第三通孔412与大气连通。在提取步骤完成后，继续向环形件45和各刺破针41施加外力，第二筋条422断裂，环形件45与筒形件49脱离，筒形件49不再干涉刺破针41的下移，环形件45和各刺破针41在外力作用下进一步压向密封膜，第二针段与第四通孔61过盈配合，第二针段与盖片6配合堵住第二针段上的第三通孔412，进而密封储存仓12，避免储存仓12内的废液泄漏。
盖片6为圆形，其中部设有第四通孔61、第六通孔62和第七通孔63。第六通孔62与盖板47上的第二通孔43对齐，第六通孔62用于穿过阀3的操作部，或者允许外部的操作件伸入第六通孔62连接阀3的操作部。第四通孔61具有多个，每个第四通孔61对应一刺破针41。第七通孔63与顶盖4上的第五通孔44对齐，用于连通储存件内气道17。
刺破针41的第二针段的径向尺寸大于第一针段的径向尺寸，在使用微流控芯片时，第一针段穿过第四通孔61刺破密封膜，第二针段和第三通孔412位于盖片6的上方，在提取步骤完成后，环形件45和各刺破针41在外力作用下进一步压向密封膜，第二针段与第四通孔61过盈配合，第二针段与盖片6配合堵住第三通孔412，进而密封储存仓12，避免储存仓12内的废液泄漏。
综上，顶盖4上的刺破针41用于刺破储存仓12上的密封膜，使储存仓12与大气连通。盖片6用于与顶盖4的刺破针41配合，在检测结束后密闭储存仓12。
如图5至图8所示，储存件1为圆柱形，其顶端的中部设有凹向底部的凹槽11，围绕凹槽11设有多个储存仓12。储存仓12可以用作加样仓和试剂仓121。在该实施例中，多个储存仓12包括一个加样仓和多个试剂仓121，加样仓用于加待检测样品，试剂仓121内用于储存生化反应的试剂，试剂仓121的上表面设置密封膜密封，下表 面密封，第一储存件内流道13的第二端132通过试剂仓121的最低位置与试剂仓121连通。试剂仓121根据需求选取合适的键合方式，保证试剂的封装密闭，便于运输及储存。储存仓12的截面为椭圆形。储存仓12的截面靠近凹槽11的中线的部位窄，远离凹槽11的中线的部位宽。储存仓12的大小和分布可根据需求调整。
储存件1内设有储存件内气道17，储存件内气道17第一端位于相邻两个储存仓12之间。储存件内气道17与反应仓21连通。储存件1的侧部设有插槽14，用于插设扩增件5。
储存件1内设有至少两个第一储存件内流道13，每个第一储存件内流道13对应连通一个储存仓12。每个第一储存件内流道13的第一端131穿过凹槽11的底壁，用于与阀3的阀内流道31连通。每个第一储存件内流道13的第二端132经储存仓12邻近底座2的一侧与储存仓12连通，第一储存件内流道13的第二端132连通储存仓12的最低部位，避免试剂残留。且第一储存件内流道13的第二端132连通储存仓12最靠近凹槽11的位置，以缩短与阀3连通的距离，提高检测效率。
储存件1内设有第四储存件内流道18，第四储存件内流道18的第一端181穿过凹槽11的底壁，且位于凹槽11的中部，第四储存件内流道18的第一端181用于与阀3的阀内流道31连通。第四储存件内流道18的第二端连通反应仓21。
储存件1设有第二储存件内流道15，第二储存件内流道15的第一端151穿过插槽14，用于与扩增件内流道52连通。第二储存件内流道15的第二端152穿过凹槽11，用于与阀3的阀内流道31连通。
储存件1设有第三储存件内流道16，第三储存件内流道16的第一端161穿过插槽14，用于与扩增件内气道53连通。第三储存件内流道16的第二端162穿过凹槽11，用于与阀3的阀内气道34连通。
插槽14内设有第一卡扣141，用于与扩增件5上的第二卡扣54配合连接。
如图9和图10所示，阀3用于控制液路闭合和连通各仓室。阀3包括转子32和阀盖33。
阀盖33用于连接凹槽11的周向侧壁，阀盖33上设有第一通孔331，转子32的操作部穿出第一通孔331，转子32的操作部被配置为与外部的操作件连接。阀盖33上设有与凹槽11的周向侧壁连接的多个连接块。
转子32可转动地设于凹槽11内。转子21包括阀座本体3211、阀杆322和第一 垫片3212。第一垫片3212与阀座本体3211的底部形状一致，均为圆形。阀座本体3211和第一垫片3212固定设置。阀内流道31形成于阀座本体3211和第一垫片3212的组合结构中。
阀杆322的径向尺寸小于阀座本体3211的径向尺寸，阀杆322的一端与阀座本体3211固定连接，阀杆322的另一端为操作部，用于穿出第一通孔331，且与外部的操作件连接。
阀3内设有阀内流道31和阀内气道32。
阀内流道31的第一端311位于阀3的中部，且与凹槽11上的第四储存件内流道18的第一端181对齐连通，阀内流道31始终通过第四储存件内流道18与反应仓21连通，阀内流道31的第二端312在随转子32的转动过程中可选择地与任一第一储存件内流道13或第二储存件内流道15连通，阀内流道31的第二端312靠近阀3的外缘。
阀内流道31的第二端312与第二储存件内流道15连通时，阀内气道32的第一端与第三储存件内流道16的第二端162连通，阀内气道32的第二端与一第一储存件内流道13的第一端131连通，该第一储存件内流道13的第二端132与一储存仓12连通。
通过外部的操作件连接阀杆322的操作部，转动阀杆322，进而带动阀座本体3211和第一垫片3212转动，以选择地将阀内流道31的第二端312与一第一储存件内流道13连通或与第二储存件内流道15连通，完成检测过程中的液流转移。
可选地，阀杆322的操作部被构造为六角形结构。
阀座本体3211的周向设有凸台324，凸台324具有弧形外轮廓，以在阀座本体3211相对于凹槽11转动的过程中，减少阀座本体3211的周向与凹槽11的周向侧壁的摩擦。
如图11至图14所示，底座2包括底盘22、支撑件23和定位件24。
底盘22的表面为圆形，底盘22上设有定位凸块27，定位凸块27用于连接储存件1。
支撑件23设于底盘22的下方，用于支撑底盘22以及整个微流控芯片。支撑件23作为微流控芯片的支撑结构，使微流控芯片能够稳固放置。支撑件23的底部还设有定位槽28，定位槽28用于与检测设备上的放置平台配合，完成微流控芯片的初定 位。支撑件23与底盘22之间形成卡紧槽25，在微流控芯片被推入检测设备的过程中，卡紧槽25用于与检测设备上的结构配合定位，进而对微流控芯片进行固定，避免检测过程中由于微流控芯片的移动造成的检测误差，提高检测一致性。
反应仓21设于底盘22的底部，向下凸出，为球冠状结构，该结构可以与超声头耦合，快速达到共振，辅助样本裂解与磁珠混匀。底盘22内设有与反应仓21连通的底盘内流道，底盘内流道的第一端261位于底盘22的中部，底盘内流道的第二端262连通反应仓21。底盘内流道的第一端261与第四储存件内流道18连通，且与阀内流道31的第一端311对齐，使阀内流道31始终与反应仓21连通。底盘内流道的第二端262经反应仓21的最低部位与反应仓21连通，避免形成死区造成试剂无法排尽。
定位件24设于支撑件23，用于在检测设备上安装微流控芯片时进行定位。
上述的顶盖4固定设于储存件1设有凹槽11的一端，底座2固定设于储存件1远离顶盖4的一端，阀3设于凹槽11内。顶盖4、储存件1、底座2和阀3形成微流控芯片的主体结构。
如图15至图17所示，扩增件5为薄片式结构，用于实现快速升降温扩增。扩增件5可插拔的与储存件1的插槽14连接拆卸。扩增件5可以与微流控芯片的主体结构分离，可以使用不同于主体结构的材质进行生产和键合处理。
扩增件5内设有扩增仓51，扩增仓51为薄片状，使之能与热源具有较大的接触面和导热性能。扩增件5设有与扩增仓51连通的扩增件内流道52，扩增件内流道52与第二储存件内流道15的第一端151连通。扩增件5设有与扩增仓51连通的扩增件内气道53，扩增件内气道53与第三储存件内流道16的第一端161连通。
微流控芯片的主体结构与扩增件5的连接处可使用二次注塑或者粘合等方式固定软胶第二垫片7，保证连接处扩增件内流道52和扩增件内气道53的密闭性。
插槽14内设置的第一卡扣141和扩增件5上设置的第二卡扣54的截面均可以为三角形，扩增件5插入插槽14后，第一卡扣141与第二卡扣54相互限位，防止扩增件5被从插槽14中拔出。
一些实施例还提供了一种微流控芯片检测系统，其包括检测设备和上述的微流控芯片，检测设备包括用于容纳微流控芯片的操作台，以及用于操作阀3的操作件。
本公开实施例提供的微流控芯片检测系统对操作人员要求低，只需要添加待测样本，将微流控芯片放入检测设备后，点击开始按钮，即可开始包括提取和扩增在内的 检测流程。
下面描述微流控芯片的检测流程：
根据检测项目选取装载相应试剂的微流控芯片，将待测样本注入微流控芯片的样本仓内，即完成前期准备工作。
操作人员留意微流控芯片的底座2与检测设备对应的定位结构，将其平放于检测设备的托盘上完成初定位。点击开始按钮后，托盘进入检测设备的工作区，同时底座2的卡紧槽25与检测设备上的结构配合夹紧固定微流控芯片。
检测流程开始，气泵与微流控芯片上的气泵接口连接，微流控芯片的顶盖4上的刺破针41受向下压力，第一筋条421断裂，使刺破针41脱离顶盖4，刺破储存仓12上的密封膜，储存仓12通过刺破针41内的针内气道411、第三通孔412与空气连通，为试剂释放做准备。
转动阀3，分别连接一储存仓12与反应仓21，通过外接气泵提供动力源，依次完成提取各个步骤所需的试剂抽取。
本实施例采用磁珠法进行核酸提取，在抽取储存仓12内的试剂进入反应仓21后，超声头将与反应仓21耦合共振，反应仓21的球冠状结构能够提供比较好的支持力，避免超声过程中壁面变形，同时接触面也具有较好的一致性。在超声的作用下，壁面振动带动反应仓21内的试剂和磁珠激荡，能够在数秒内完成样本的辅助裂解和磁珠混匀。反应后的废液将由反应仓21转移回储存仓12内，再通过转动阀3进行密封。
依次抽取试剂并在反应仓21内进行反应后，最终得到纯化后的提取产物，将纯化后的提取产物转移至扩增仓51，再通过转动阀3密封扩增仓51，等待检测设备的扩增模块进行样本的快速扩增与多通道光学检测。
检测完成后，检测设备中的下压模块将再次作用于微流控芯片的顶盖4上的刺破针41，下压力使第二筋条422断裂，刺破针41继续下移，刺破针41的第二针段与盖片6形成过盈配合，盖片6覆盖第二针段上的第三通孔412，使储存仓12与大气隔绝，避免储存仓12中的反应废液泄漏。
至此微流控芯片检测流程全部完成，可点击出仓按钮，撤出压力，取出微流控芯片并开始下一组的检测。
本公开中的流道可以用于液体传输，也可以用于气体传输，同理，气道可以用于气体传输，也可以用于液体传输。
基于上述本公开的各实施例，在没有明确否定或冲突的情况下，其中一个实施例的技术特征可以有益地与其他一个或多个实施例相互结合。
最后应当说明的是:以上实施例仅用以说明本公开的技术方案而非对其限制；尽管参照较佳实施例对本公开进行了详细的说明，所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解：依然可以对本公开的具体实施方式进行修改或者对部分技术特征进行等同替换；而不脱离本公开技术方案的精神，其均应涵盖在本公开请求保护的技术方案范围当中。

Claims (22)

  1. 一种微流控芯片，包括：
    储存件(1)，其上设有凹槽(11)，围绕所述凹槽(11)设有至少两个储存仓(12)；
    底座(2)，设于所述储存件(1)背离所述凹槽(11)的一端，所述底座(2)上设有反应仓(21)；以及
    阀(3)，设于所述凹槽(11)内，所述阀(3)被配置为可操作地将至少两个储存仓(12)中的任一个与所述反应仓(21)连通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的微流控芯片，其中所述储存件(1)内设有至少两个第一储存件内流道(13)，每个第一储存件内流道(13)对应连通一个储存仓(12)，所述阀(3)内设有连通所述反应仓(21)的阀内流道(31)，所述阀(3)被配置为可操作地将所述阀内流道(31)与任一第一储存件内流道(13)连通。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的微流控芯片，其中每个第一储存件内流道(13)的第一端(131)穿过所述凹槽(11)的底壁，所述阀(3)被配置为可操作地将所述阀内流道(31)与所述第一储存件内流道(13)的第一端(131)连通，每个第一储存件内流道(13)的第二端(132)经所述储存仓(12)邻近所述底座(2)的一侧与所述储存仓(12)连通。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的微流控芯片，其中所述第一储存件内流道(13)的第二端(132)连通所述储存仓(12)的位置最低的部位。
  5. 根据权利要求3或4所述的微流控芯片，其中所述阀内流道(31)的第一端(311)和第二端(312)均穿过所述阀(3)邻近所述凹槽(11)的底壁的一端，所述阀内流道(31)的第一端(311)与所述反应仓(21)连通，所述阀内流道(31)的第二端(312)可操作地与任一第一储存件内流道(13)连通，所述阀内流道(31)的第一端(311)位于所述阀(3)的中部，所述阀内流道(31)的第二端(312)靠近所述阀(3)的外缘。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的微流控芯片，其中所述阀(3)包括：
    转子(32)，可转动地设于所述凹槽(11)内，所述转子(32)包括阀座(321)和阀杆(322)，所述阀杆(322)连接所述阀座(321)；以及
    阀盖(33)，连接所述凹槽(11)的周向侧壁，且抵接所述阀座(321)，将所述 阀座(321)限位在所述阀盖(33)与所述凹槽(11)的底壁之间，所述阀盖(33)上设有第一通孔(331)，所述阀杆(322)的操作部穿出所述第一通孔(331)，所述阀杆(322)的操作部被配置为与外部的操作件连接。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的微流控芯片，其中所述阀盖(33)与所述阀座(321)的周向边缘抵接。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7任一项所述的微流控芯片，还包括密封膜，所述至少两个储存仓(12)包括试剂仓(121)，所述密封膜被配置为密封所述试剂仓(121)，所述微流控芯片还包括顶盖(4)和刺破针(41)，所述顶盖(4)设于所述储存件(1)设有所述凹槽(11)的一端，所述刺破针(41)连接于所述顶盖(4)，所述刺破针(41)被配置为在外力作用下压向所述密封膜，以刺破所述密封膜。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的微流控芯片，其中所述顶盖(4)包括第一筋条(421)，所述刺破针(41)连接于所述第一筋条(421)，所述第一筋条(421)被配置为在外力作用下断开，以使所述刺破针(41)脱离所述顶盖(4)压向所述密封膜。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的微流控芯片，其中所述顶盖(4)的中部设有第二通孔(43)，所述第二通孔(43)被配置为允许外部的操作件穿过，以操作所述阀(3)。
  11. 根据权利要求8至10任一项所述的微流控芯片，其中所述刺破针(41)内设有针内气道(411)，所述刺破针(41)与所述顶盖(4)连接的部位附近设有连通所述刺破针(41)外部和所述针内气道(411)的第三通孔(412)。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的微流控芯片，还包括盖片(6)，所述盖片(6)设于所述顶盖(4)内，所述盖片(6)上设有允许所述刺破针(41)穿过的第四通孔(61)，所述刺破针(41)被配置在外力作用下压向所述密封膜，且在刺破密封膜后继续压向密封膜，以使所述第三通孔(412)被所述盖片(6)密封。
  13. 根据权利要求1至12任一项所述的微流控芯片，其中所述反应仓(21)向远离所述储存件(1)的一侧凸起。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的微流控芯片，其中所述反应仓(21)为球冠状结构。
  15. 根据权利要求1至14任一项所述的微流控芯片，还包括扩增件(5)，所述扩增件(5)设有扩增仓(51)，所述储存件(1)的侧部设有插槽(14)，所述插槽(14)位于所述相邻两个储存仓(12)之间，所述扩增件(5)与所述插槽(14)插接，所述阀(3)被配置为可操作地将所述反应仓(21)与所述扩增仓(51)连通。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的微流控芯片，其中所述储存件(1)设有第二储存件内流道(15)，所述第二储存件内流道(15)的第一端(151)穿过所述插槽(14)，所述第二储存件内流道(15)的第二端(152)穿过所述凹槽(11)，所述扩增件(5)设有连通所述扩增仓(51)的扩增件内流道(52)，所述扩增件内流道(52)与所述第二储存件内流道(15)的第一端(151)连通，所述阀(3)被配置为可操作地连通所述第二储存件内流道(15)的第二端(152)，以将所述反应仓(21)内的溶液通过所述第二储存件内流道(15)和所述扩增件内流道(52)引向所述扩增仓(51)。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的微流控芯片，其中所述储存件(1)设有第三储存件内流道(16)，所述第三储存件内流道(16)的第一端(161)穿过所述插槽(14)，所述第三储存件内流道(16)的第二端(162)穿过所述凹槽(11)，所述扩增件(5)设有连通所述扩增仓(51)的扩增件内气道(53)，所述扩增件内气道(53)与所述第三储存件内流道(16)的第一端(161)连通，所述阀(3)被配置为可操作地连通所述第三储存件内流道(16)的第二端(162)，以将所述扩增仓(51)的气体通过所述扩增件内气道(53)和所述第三储存件内流道(16)引向一储存仓(12)。
  18. 根据权利要求15至17任一项所述的微流控芯片，其中所述阀(3)内设有连通所述反应仓(21)的阀内流道(31)，所述阀(3)内还设有阀内气道(32)，所述阀(3)被配置为可操作地将所述阀内流道(31)连通所述反应仓(21)和所述扩增仓(51)，且将所述阀内气道(32)连通所述扩增仓(51)和一储存仓(12)。
  19. 根据权利要求1至18任一项所述的微流控芯片，其中所述储存件(1)设有储存件内气道(17)，所述储存件内气道(17)连通所述反应仓(21)，所述储存件内气道(17)被配置为连通外部的气泵。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的微流控芯片，其中所述储存件内气道(17)的第一端(171)穿过所述储存件(1)设置凹槽(11)的一端，所述储存件内气道(17)的第一端(171)位于相邻两个储存仓(12)之间。
  21. 根据权利要求8至12任一项所述的微流控芯片，其中所述顶盖(4)固定设于所述储存件(1)设有所述凹槽(11)的一端，所述底座(2)固定设于所述储存件(1)远离所述顶盖(4)的一端。
  22. 一种微流控芯片检测系统，包括检测设备和根据权利要求1至21任一项所述的微流控芯片，所述检测设备包括用于容纳所述微流控芯片的操作台，以及用于操作 所述阀(3)的操作件。
PCT/CN2022/131391 2021-11-17 2022-11-11 微流控芯片及微流控芯片检测系统 Ceased WO2023088184A1 (zh)

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