WO2023083988A1 - Installation destinée à séparer dans un champ électrique les composants d'un mélange de fibres et de granules à l'aide d'un tribochargeur pourvu d'une grille de confinement sélectif desdits composants - Google Patents
Installation destinée à séparer dans un champ électrique les composants d'un mélange de fibres et de granules à l'aide d'un tribochargeur pourvu d'une grille de confinement sélectif desdits composants Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023083988A1 WO2023083988A1 PCT/EP2022/081533 EP2022081533W WO2023083988A1 WO 2023083988 A1 WO2023083988 A1 WO 2023083988A1 EP 2022081533 W EP2022081533 W EP 2022081533W WO 2023083988 A1 WO2023083988 A1 WO 2023083988A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- components
- altitude
- electrode
- family
- mixture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C7/00—Separating solids from solids by electrostatic effect
- B03C7/006—Charging without electricity supply, e.g. by tribo-electricity or pyroelectricity
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C7/00—Separating solids from solids by electrostatic effect
- B03C7/02—Separators
- B03C7/06—Separators with cylindrical material carriers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C7/00—Separating solids from solids by electrostatic effect
- B03C7/02—Separators
- B03C7/10—Separators with material falling in cascades
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C7/00—Separating solids from solids by electrostatic effect
- B03C7/02—Separators
- B03C7/12—Separators with material falling free
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the general field of installations and separation processes intended to separate the various components of a mixture containing at least a first family of components and a second family of components.
- the present invention finds particular application in the treatment of industrial waste which is in the form of a mixture containing at least two families of components, and in particular in the treatment of a mixture containing on the one hand fibers and on the other hand, granules, with a view to recycling the constituent materials of these components.
- the invention finds more particular application in the treatment of mixtures which result from the grinding of pneumatic tires and which contain textile fibers, in particular polyethylene terephthalate, and granules of rubber-based material.
- the present invention is particularly applicable to the treatment of mixtures whose components are of millimeter and sub-millimeter size, that is to say in particular to the treatment of mixtures which contain fibers whose diameter is between 10 ⁇ m and 1 mm for a length comprised between 1 mm and 10 mm, and granules whose equivalent diameter is comprised between 125 ⁇ m and 5 mm.
- the treadmills forming the electrodes can be relatively expensive to manufacture.
- Such a conveyor belt arrangement is moreover relatively vulnerable to fouling, since charged components, or even dust, can sometimes insinuate themselves between a conveyor belt and the rollers which drive said conveyor belt, and where appropriate which allow the application to said treadmill of the necessary bias voltage.
- Such an incident can cause an alteration of said treadmill by deformation, deformation which is potentially detrimental to the control of the electric field.
- such an alteration is likely to increase the rate of wear of the treadmill concerned and therefore reduce its lifespan.
- the objects assigned to the invention therefore aim to remedy the aforementioned drawbacks and to propose a new separation installation which has increased efficiency and reliability, in particular for the treatment of mixtures composed of fibers and granules, while with a robust, simple and compact structure.
- the objects assigned to the invention are achieved by means of a separation installation intended to receive a mixture containing at least a first family of components, preferably fibers, and a second family of components, preferably granules , said installation comprising a triboelectric charging device, called a "tribocharger", which is arranged to receive the mixture and to give the components of said mixture, by triboelectric action, electrostatic charges which are of opposite polarities depending on whether the components belong to the first family or to the second family, said installation further comprising at least a first electrode and a second electrode which are separated from each other by an air gap and connected to a generator which makes it possible to apply a difference in potential between the first electrode and the second electrode in order to generate in the air gap an electric
- the fact of interposing between the enclosure and the collectors a containment wall according to the invention makes it possible to create a buffer zone, formed by the enclosure, in which the mixture is maintained for the duration just necessary and sufficient to confer on the components, prior to the release of said components into the air gap, a level of electrostatic charge of said components which is sufficient for one to be ensured that the components can be transported to the collectors and captured by said collectors, under the effect of the separating electric field.
- the grid like a sieve, in fact performs a selection function, by retaining the uncharged or insufficiently charged components inside the enclosure, and thus preventing said components from be released prematurely in the air gap, and in particular to fall into the air gap under the simple effect of gravity, while this same grid will be capable of letting these same components pass once they have been loaded.
- the tribocharger can reinforce the electrostatic charge of said components by continuing the triboelectric action on them for the necessary time, while permanent immersion of the enclosure in the separating electric field allows said separating electric field to immediately and permanently exert an attractive force on the components, as soon as said components acquire an electrostatic charge.
- the permanent immersion of the enclosure, and therefore of the components being loaded contained in said enclosure, in the separating electric field advantageously allows said separating electric field to automatically extract the components, by facilitating or even by forcing the passage of said components through the grid, as soon as the components have reached a sufficiently high electrostatic charge with regard to their size and their shape.
- the invention is in particular perfectly suited to the treatment of heterogeneous mixtures containing fibers and granules, and in particular mixtures containing very variable proportions of fibers relative to the granules.
- the inventors have in fact observed that a number of fibres, due to their length, typically a length greater than the mesh of the sieve formed by the grid, can only leave the enclosure when they are sufficiently charged so that , pressed against the grid under the action of the separating electric field, said fibers deform, in particular bend, and thus manage to pass through the grid.
- the inventors have found that the granules, when they are not charged, generally form agglomerates by adhering to fibers which hinder said granules and thus prevent said granules from passing through the grid, even when the granule considered individually nevertheless has a size smaller than the mesh of the sieve formed by the grid.
- the electric field will be able to detach them from the fibers and help said granules to cross the confinement wall, by passing through the grid.
- the invention has increased efficiency, since it makes it possible to obtain in an almost systematic way an effective separation of the components, then an effective recovery of the said components by the collectors according to the family to which belong said components, and this almost without generating residues or losses in the form of components which would remain prisoners of the enclosure or respectively which, released in the air gap, would escape collection by the collectors and would fall to the bottom of the installation.
- Figure 1 illustrates, in a perspective view, an example of installation according to the invention, which comprises two pairs of rotating cylindrical electrodes with horizontal axes, forming two capture stages, and whose tribocharger is formed by a cylindrical containment drum whose tubular side wall forms the grid which ensures the selective retention of the components of the mixture according to their level of electrostatic charge.
- Figure 2 is a front sectional view of the installation of Figure 1, in a vertical plane, substantially normal to the axis of rotation of the confinement drum and to the axes of rotation of the cylindrical electrodes.
- Figure 3 illustrates, in a partial perspective sectional view, the detail of the arrangement of the collectors of the first stage of electrodes of the installation of Figures 1 and 2, with in particular the scrapers for detaching the components captured by the cylindrical electrodes.
- Figure 4 illustrates, according to a schematic graph, the intensity of the separating electric field as a function of altitude, vertically plumb with the axis of rotation of the tribocharger of the installation of Figures 1 to 3, in the sagittal plane of the installation, and causes two intensity peaks to appear which correspond to the tightening of the air gap between each of the two pairs of electrodes.
- Figure 5 illustrates, according to the same sectional plane as Figure 2, an alternative embodiment of the installation which comprises a non-return baffle between the first pair of electrodes and the second pair of electrodes, in order prevent the components from rising, which are resuspended in the air gap by a fluidized bed located in the lower part of the installation.
- Figure 6 illustrates, in a front sectional view in the same vertical section plane as that of Figure 2, a variant arrangement of the installation of Figure 1, called “staggered arrangement", and wherein the containment drum is positioned at an intermediate altitude between the two pairs of electrodes.
- Figure 7 illustrates, according to the same schematic graph as that of Figure 4, the intensity of the separating electric field as a function of altitude, vertically plumb with the axis of rotation of the tribocharger of the installation of Figure 6, in the sagittal plane of said installation.
- the present invention relates to a separation installation 100 intended to receive a mixture 1 containing at least a first family of components 2, preferably fibers 2, and a second family of components 3, preferably granules 3.
- the components of the first family will be fibers 2, which will have a thin and elongated shape, preferably substantially cylindrical.
- the components of the first family can therefore be likened to fibers 2 in what follows.
- At least a part, preferably the majority of said fibers 2 present in the mixture 1 (that is to say more than 50% of the total number of fibers present), and more preferably all (100% of the number total fibers present) of said fibers 2 which are present in mixture 1 will have a length of between 1 mm and 10 mm, while the largest of their transverse dimensions, i.e. the largest of the dimensions considered perpendicular to their length, i.e. that is to say, typically the diameter in the case of a fiber of cylindrical shape, will be between 10 ⁇ m and 1 mm.
- the installation 100 will preferably be designed to be able to separate and recover (at least) fibers of such dimensions.
- the fibers 2 will have a dimension, called length, which is significantly greater than the other two dimensions, called transverse dimensions, and more particularly will have a length at least 5 times, preferably at least 10 times, at least 20 times, or even at least 50 times or even 100 times greater than the larger of these two transverse dimensions, that is to say, typically, in the case of a fiber 2 of cylindrical shape, a length at least 5 times , preferably at least 10 times, at least 20 times, even at least 50 times or even 100 times greater than the diameter of the fiber 2 concerned.
- the fibers 2 may be made from a natural or synthetic textile material, and more preferably from a polymer or a combination of polymers from (non-exhaustive list): polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS).
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PE polyethylene
- PP polypropylene
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- PS polystyrene
- the components of the second family will be granules 3.
- the components of the second family can therefore be likened to granules 3 in what follows.
- At least some of the granules 3 present in mixture 1, preferably the majority of granules 3 present in mixture 1 (more than 50% of the total number of granules present), and more preferably all (100% of the total number of granules present) of said granules 3 present in mixture 1 will preferably have an equivalent diameter of between 125 ⁇ m and 5 mm, and a form factor of between 1 and 2.
- equivalent diameter is meant the diameter that would have a fictitious sphere that would occupy the same volume as the volume occupied by the granule 3 considered.
- form factor denotes the ratio between on the one hand the maximum Féret diameter, that is to say the maximum distance, observable for the granule 3 considered, between two straight lines which are parallel between they are tangent respectively to opposite sides of said granule 3 considered, and on the other hand the minimum Féret diameter, that is to say the minimum distance, observable for the granule 3 considered, between two straight lines which are parallel to each other and tangent respectively to opposite sides of said considered granule.
- This form factor makes it possible to give a good indication of the slenderness of the granules 3.
- a form factor equal to 1 corresponds to a sphere, and that a form factor equal to the root square of 2 is a cube.
- the installation 100 will preferably be designed to be able to separate and recover (at least) granules 3 having the aforementioned dimensions, and more particularly to be able to sort, by separating them, on the one hand granules 3 of such dimensions and on the other hand, fibers 2 having the dimensions mentioned above, which are initially mixed with each other in the mixture 1.
- the installation 100 will make it possible in particular to treat mixtures 1 whose proportion by weight of the fibers 2, relative to the total weight of the mixture 1, represents between 5% and 75%, while the proportion by weight of the granules 3, relative to the total weight of mixture 1, represents between 25% and 95%.
- the installation 100 comprises a triboelectric charging device 4, called “tribocharger” 4, which is arranged to receive the mixture 1 and give the components 2, 3 of said mixture 1, by triboelectric action, charges electrostatics which are of opposite polarities depending on whether the components 2, 3 belong to the first family (here the fibers 2) or to the second family (here the granules 3).
- tribocharger a triboelectric charging device 4
- tribocharger which is arranged to receive the mixture 1 and give the components 2, 3 of said mixture 1, by triboelectric action, charges electrostatics which are of opposite polarities depending on whether the components 2, 3 belong to the first family (here the fibers 2) or to the second family (here the granules 3).
- the tribocharger 4 ensures a mixing of the components 2, 3, so that said components rub against each other and / or against a wall of the tribocharger 4, which creates transfers of electrons on their surface and thus confers to said components 2, 3 electrostatic charges.
- the installation 100 further comprises at least a first electrode 5 and a second electrode 6 which are separated from each other by an air gap 7 and connected to a generator 8 which makes it possible to apply a potential difference between the first electrode 5 and the second electrode 6 in order to generate in the air gap 7 an electric field, called “separating electric field”.
- This separating electric field is intended to direct the charged components 2, 3, according to their polarity, either towards a first collector 10 which is intended to collect components 2 of the first family, here therefore fibers 2, or respectively towards a second collector 11 which is separate from the first collector 10 and which is intended to collect components 3 of the second family, here therefore granules 3.
- the first electrode 5 is arranged to attract towards it, by the effect of the Coulomb forces, the charged components of a family, here by convention the charged components of the first family, that is to say the 2 charged fibers.
- Said first electrode 5 could be separate from the first collector 10 and set back from the first collector 10, with respect to the zone where the charged fibers 2 are released in the air gap 7, so that the fibers 2 which move towards the first electrode 5 under the effect of the separating electric field are intercepted and captured by the first collector 10 before reaching said first electrode 5.
- the first electrode 5 is an integral part of the first collector 10, and is arranged to receive and capture the fibers 2 at its surface, as is the case in the variant embodiments of Figures 1, 2 , 3 and 5.
- the second electrode 6 is arranged to attract towards it, by the effect of Coulomb forces, the charged components of the other family, here by convention the charged components of the second family, i.e. i.e. 3 loaded granules.
- Said second electrode 6 could be separate from the second collector 11 and set back from the second collector 11, with respect to the zone where Ton releases the charged granules 3 in the air gap 7, so that the granules 3 which move towards the second electrode 6 under the effect of the separating electric field are intercepted and captured by the second collector 11 before reaching said second electrode 6.
- the second electrode 6 is an integral part of the second collector 11, and is arranged to receive and capture the granules 2 on its surface, as is the case in the variant embodiments of Figures 1, 2 , 3 and 5.
- the tribocharger 4 is located directly above the gap 7 and so that at least part of said gap 7 extends below the tribocharger 4, which advantageously allows the components 2, 3 loaded from the tribocharger 4 to be dumped in the upper part of the air gap 7, and thus to be able to take advantage of a certain vertical amplitude of travel, or "free flight", during which said components 2, 3 undergo, simultaneously with gravity, the Coulomb forces due to the combination of their electrostatic charge and the separating electric field, so that said separating electric field is capable of deflecting said components 2, 3 and convey to the collectors 10, 11 where said components are captured.
- the first and second electrodes 5, 6 are preferably each located on a different side of a vertical reference plane PO, which preferably forms a sagittal plane of the air gap 7 and more generally of the installation 100 and which preferably passes through the middle of the tribocharger 4, and said electrodes 5, 6 are preferably located at an altitude lower than that of the tribocharger 4.
- a vertical reference plane PO which preferably forms a sagittal plane of the air gap 7 and more generally of the installation 100 and which preferably passes through the middle of the tribocharger 4
- said electrodes 5, 6 are preferably located at an altitude lower than that of the tribocharger 4.
- the same preferably applies to the corresponding collectors 10, 11, which laterally delimit the gap 7, and which are located at an altitude lower than that of the tribocharger 4 and each on a different side of the reference plane PO.
- the tribocharger 4 receives the mixture 1 inside an enclosure 12 which is delimited by a confinement wall 13 which separates the said enclosure 12 from the first and second electrodes 5, 6 and from the first and second collectors 10, 11.
- the components 2, 3 introduced into the tribocharger 4 are initially captive to the enclosure 12 of the tribocharger 4, so that said components 2, 3 cannot directly join the collectors 10, 11, or even the electrodes 5 , 6, without first passing through the confinement wall 13 which forms an obstacle between the interior of the enclosure 12 and the said collectors 10, 11.
- the path which leads a component 2, 3 placed in the enclosure 12 up to the collector 10, 11 dedicated to said component 2, 3 necessarily passes through, and through, the containment wall 13.
- the confinement wall 13 is arranged in such a way that the mixture 1 which is contained in the enclosure 12 is subjected to the action of tribo-electric charging and, simultaneously, exposed to the separating electric field.
- the enclosure 12, and therefore the components 2, 3 that said enclosure 12 holds captive, are immersed in the separating electric field, while the tribocharger 4 stirs said components 2, 3 to the inside the enclosure 12, in order to electrically charge said components 2, 3 by friction.
- the containment wall 13 is provided with a grid 14 which is arranged so as to retain components 2, 3 of the mixture 1 inside the enclosure 12 until said components 2 , 3 have reached, under the action of the tribocharger 4, an electrostatic charge which is sufficient for said components 2, 3 to escape from the enclosure 12, crossing the confinement wall 13 through the grid 14, under the action of the separating electric field, and can thus join the collector 10, 11 which corresponds to them, according to their polarity.
- the confinement wall 13, and more particularly the grid 14, advantageously form a physical barrier which prevents the components 2, 3 of the mixture which are not yet charged, or which are insufficiently charged to be sure of reaching the collectors. 10, 11, to escape from the enclosure 12, which allows the tribocharger 4 to start the charging action of said components 2, 3 of said components 2, 3 and to continue the charging action of said components 2, 3 as long as necessary, that is to say until said components 2, 3 are sufficiently charged to be released in the air gap 7, and driven by the separating electric field to the collectors 10, 11.
- the containment wall 13 thus defines in a way the border between two sub-chambers within the installation 100, namely on the one hand a first buffer sub-chamber, which is formed by the enclosure 12 closed by the confinement wall 13 and its grid 14, and within which the components 2, 3 are introduced and can be retained the time for said components 2, 3 to acquire a sufficient electrostatic charge, and on the other hand a second sub-chamber, in which the collectors 10, 11 are located, and which communicates with the enclosure 12 through the grid 14, here only through the grid 14, so that the collectors 10, 11 are not accessible to the components 2, 3 as long as said components 2, 3 are confined in enclosure 12, but become accessible to said components as soon as said components 2, 3 have passed through the grid 14 to end up in the second sub-chamber, in "free flight" in the air gap 7, and therefore free to reach the collectors 10, 11 under the action of the separating electric field.
- the second sub-chamber may, in practice, correspond to the main enclosure of the installation 100, delimited by a casing which covers the frame of said installation.
- the segregation effected by the grid 14 between sufficiently charged components 2, 3 and insufficiently charged components 2, 3 makes it possible to guarantee the quality and the purity of the filtered products, that is to say the fibers 2 of on the one hand and the granules 3 on the other hand which are collected separately by the collectors 10, 11, since only the components 2, 3 sufficiently charged to reach the collectors 10, 11, and to allow a differentiation of their family of belonging according to the sign of their charge, are actually extracted from the enclosure 12, and more particularly torn from the enclosure 12 through the grid 14, then collected by the collectors 10, 11, while the components 2, 3 insufficiently loaded cannot leave the triboloading area.
- the grid 14 may have any shape allowing the containment wall 13 to be opened by defining a network of several through openings which will form as many passages for the components 2, 3, by placing the interior of the enclosure in communication 12 with the part of the air gap 7 located outside of said enclosure 12, and whose dimensions will define a mesh adapted to the segregation function operated by the grid 14 against the components 2, 3.
- This mesh chosen to block the uncharged components but to allow the sufficiently charged components to pass, will be defined as a function in particular of the expected combination of the charge of the components 2, 3 (and therefore of the Coulomb force exerted by on them the separating electric field), the shape and dimensions of said components, and the mechanical properties of stiffness and elasticity of their constituent material.
- the grid 14 will thus form a sort of sieve, which occupies all or part of the confinement wall 13, and may be designated as a "sieve" in what follows.
- the grid 14 forms a sieve whose M14 mesh is between 1 mm and 10 mm, and more preferably between 2 mm and 5 mm.
- the mixture 1 may contain a certain quantity of components 2, 3 whose size would be either too large so that it would prevent the components concerned, even carriers of a high electrostatic charge and therefore subjected to a high Coulomb force, to pass through the mesh M14 of the grid 14, or on the contrary too small for the grid 14 to be able to effectively retain the said components 2, 3, even if not loaded, inside the enclosure 12, against gravity.
- At least one group of components 2, 3 which have sizes which, with regard to the electrostatic and mechanical properties of the material constituting said components 2, 3, are adapted so that these components, unloaded, and if necessary agglomerated together, are retained by the grid 14 inside the enclosure 12, while these same components 2, 3, once intentionally charged by the action of the tribocharger 4, at a suitable charge level, will be able to pass through this same grid 14 under the action of the separating electric field.
- the fibers 2 will preferably have a length greater than the M14 mesh, a diameter strictly less than the M14 mesh, and will be formed in a sufficiently flexible material to able, once electrically charged, to bend under the action of the Coulomb force exerted by the separating electric field, typically bend in a U, and thus cross the mesh M14 of the grid 14.
- the granules 3 will preferably have an equivalent diameter substantially equal to the M14 mesh, or slightly less than the M14 mesh, for example between 80% and 100% of the M14 mesh, so as to be retained by the grid 14 when they are agglomerated with fibers 2, and to be able to pass through the meshes of the grid 14, either spontaneously, or with a certain elastic contraction, when they are loaded and subjected to the force of attraction of the separating electric field.
- the size of the mesh M14 of the grid 14 can be adapted to obtain the best possible yield. of the installation 100, and in particular to optimize the selective retention capacity of the grid 14, that is to say to optimize the compromise between the capacity of the grid 14 to retain the insufficiently charged components 2, 3, and its capacity to allow the sufficiently charged components 2, 3 to pass.
- a mixture 1 will be prepared in which the components of the same family have relatively homogeneous properties from one component of the family to another, in that at least 50% by number of the components 2 of the first family, and/or at least 50% by number of the components 3 of the second family, or even at least 80% by number of the components 2 of the first family and/or at least 80% by number of the components 3 of the second family, will have properties, and in particular sizes, allowing them to meet the selectivity criterion, that is to say to be sensitive to the segregation operated by the grid 14, which is blocking for said components 2, 3 (that is to say retains said components) when these are uncharged or insufficiently charged, and which becomes conductive (that is to say lets said components pass) when these same components have acquired a sufficient charge.
- the homogeneity of the components of the same family could for example be obtained by suitably choosing the conditions for obtaining mixture 1, in particular when the mixture is obtained by grinding, and/or by optionally subjecting mixture 1 to a first sieving, possibly quite coarse, in order to calibrate said mixture 1 before introducing mixture 1 into triboloader 4.
- the tribocharger 4 will be arranged so that it is the enclosure 12 which is set in motion, relative to the frame of the installation 100, preferably in rotational motion, so as to cause a mixing of the mixture 1 which causes the friction of the components 2, 3 with each other and with the confinement wall 13 of the enclosure 12.
- the tribocharger 4 comprises a cylindrical containment drum 15, preferably of circular base, which is delimited by a tubular side wall 16 which is extends along and around a central axis X15 forming an angle of less than 30 degrees with the horizontal.
- Said tubular side wall 16 forms the containment wall 13, and at least a portion of said tubular side wall 16 forms the grid 14.
- the implementation of a cylindrical tribocharger 4 gives the installation a simple, compact and robust structure.
- a tribocharger 4 and more particularly in a containment drum 15, which is lying and which has a cylindrical shape, preferably a shape of revolution, one can advantageously use the rotation RI 5 of the drum 15 on itself, around its central axis XI 5, to achieve the mixing of the components 2, 3, and therefore create or increase the electrostatic charge of said components 2, 3.
- This rotation RI 5 is preferably provided by a motor 17, such as an electric motor 17, driven by a control unit 18.
- the rotation RI 5 of the containment drum 15 on itself, around its central axis XI 5, is preferably continuous and monotonous, that is to say carried out uninterruptedly and always in one and the same sense. Effective agitation of the mixture 1 is thus advantageously obtained, without jolts and without risk of settling of the mixture 1, and this moreover without jerks or vibrations of the tribocharger 4, or excessive noise, which improves the service life, the reliability and ease of use of the installation 100.
- the speed of rotation RI 5 is moderate, so on the one hand to allow a natural mixing of the mixture 1, by self-collapse and permanent reversal on itself of the mixture, under the joint action of the rotation RI 5 (which allows the side wall 16 to drive and raise part of the mixture along said side wall, in the direction of rotation RI 5, seen in a section normal to the axis of rotation XI 5) and gravity (which causes this part of the mixture raised by the rotation to fall onto the rest of the mixture), and on the other hand to avoid a centrifugation effect of the mixture 1 which would tend to compact the said mixture 1 or even prematurely eject, made of centrifugal force, 2, 3 uncharged components.
- the speed of rotation RI 5 will preferably be chosen, depending on the internal diameter of the containment drum 15, so that the centrifugal acceleration to which said rotation R15 subjects the mixture 1 remains less than 125 m.s' 2 , i.e. less than 12.75 times the acceleration due to gravity.
- the centrifugal acceleration to which said rotation R15 subjects the mixture 1 remains less than 125 m.s' 2 , i.e. less than 12.75 times the acceleration due to gravity.
- a centrifugal acceleration to which said rotation R15 subjects the mixture 1 remains less than 125 m.s' 2 , i.e. less than 12.75 times the acceleration due to gravity.
- a centrifugal acceleration to which said rotation R15 subjects the mixture 1 remains less than 125 m.s' 2 , i.e. less than 12.75 times the acceleration due to gravity.
- the speed of rotation RI 5 will preferably be between 10 rev/ min and 150 rpm, more preferably between 30 rpm and 90 rpm.
- the side wall 16 of the containment drum 15 may comprise a rigid perforated frame 20, which serves as a support for the mesh panels 21, here curved panels which substantially or even exactly follow the curvature of the side wall 16 of the containment drum 15, which mesh panels 21 marry the windows of the frame 20 so as to form as many portions of the mesh 14.
- the supply of the enclosure 12 of the tribocharger 4 can be achieved by any suitable supply system, for example by means of an endless screw, of the Archimedean screw type, which takes the mixture 1 from a neighboring silo to transfer it into the enclosure 12, or even by means of a hopper which pours the mixture 1 into the said enclosure 12 of the triboloader 4.
- the radially inner face of the side wall 16 of the containment drum 15 may be provided with protrusions, such as blades, which contribute to breaking up and stirring the mixture 1 during the rotation RI 5, in order to accentuate friction phenomena and thus improve the efficiency of triboloading.
- the central axis X15 of the containment drum 15 will preferably form a non-zero angle with the horizontal. This makes it possible to envisage continuous operation of the installation 100, that is to say a continuous supply of the tribocharger 4 with mixture 1, and this with very low energy consumption.
- the central axis XI 5, and therefore the containment drum 15, is thus given an inclination which places the entry of the containment drum, corresponding here to the base of the cylinder located at one of the two axial ends of said containment drum 15, considered along the central axis X15, at an altitude higher than the altitude of the outlet of the containment drum 15, which in turn corresponds to the base of the cylinder forming the other axial, opposite end of said containment drum 15.
- the filling rate will be such that the mixture 1 occupies in the lower part of the cylinder a height less than or equal to 40% of the internal diameter of the containment drum 15, for example a height of between 25% and 30% of said internal diameter.
- the first electrode 5 is formed by a cylindrical electrode 5, preferably of circular base, mounted in rotation R5 around a first horizontal central axis X5 and whose surface forms a portion of the first collector 10 by being able to collect the components 2 of the first family and to evacuate said components 2 out of the air gap 7 by its rotational movement R5.
- the second electrode 6 is formed by a second cylindrical electrode 6, preferably of circular base, which is mounted in rotation R6 around a second horizontal central axis X6, offset radially with respect to the first central axis X5, preferably parallel to the first central axis X5, and more preferably located at the same altitude as that of the first central axis X5.
- the surface of the second cylindrical electrode 6 then advantageously forms a portion of the second collector 11 by being able to collect the components 3 of the second family and to evacuate the said components 3 from the air gap 7 by its rotational movement. R6.
- the central axes X5, X6 are substantially horizontal, that is to say form with the horizontal an angle of less than 10 degrees, preferably less than 5 degrees, and more preferably will be exactly horizontal.
- the first and second electrodes 5, 6 are counter-rotating preferences. More preferably, the direction of the rotations R5, R6 are such that the tangential speed of the surface of the electrode 5, 6, considered at the narrowest point of the gap 7 (here the point of the surface of said electrodes which is closest to the sagittal reference plane PO), rises vertically in the direction of the tribocharger 4 located above the air gap 7, in the opposite direction to that of the natural fall of the components 2, 3 under the effect of gravity .
- This makes it possible in particular to secure the transfer of the components 2, 3 out of the air gap 7, by preventing the components 2, 3 captured by the electrodes 5, 6 from accidentally becoming detached and falling towards the bottom of the installation 100.
- the first and second electrodes 5, 6 overlap axially at least partially, and more preferably overlap axially in their entirety, in that said electrodes 5, 6 each occupy the same axial range considered, in the common direction. of their central axes X5, X6.
- the tribocharger 4, and more particularly the confinement drum 15 extends axially at least partly, preferably entirely, in the axial range which is common to the first electrode 5 and per second electrode 6.
- the central axis XI 5 of the confinement drum 15 is preferably contained in a vertical plane, here the sagittal reference plane PO, which is parallel to the central axes X5, X6 of the electrodes 5, 6 (and therefore which is here perpendicular to the vertical projection plane of Figure 2).
- the first and second electrodes 5, 6 will preferably be driven in rotation R5, R6 by motors 22, 23, preferably electric motors 22, 23, controlled by the control unit 18.
- the first electrode 5 and the second electrode 6 form between them, at the minimum distance which separates them, a first constriction 24 of the air gap 7, the first constriction 24 which is located at a first altitude H24, and the installation 100 comprises a third electrode 30 and a fourth electrode 31, also subject to a potential difference, and which form between them, at the minimum distance which separates them, a second constriction 32 of the air gap 7 which is located at a second altitude H32 lower than the first altitude H24, so that the separating electric field successively presents, along the vertical, a first intensity peak 50 in the first constriction 24, at the first altitude H24, then an intensity which, between the first altitude H24 and the second altitude H32 decreases first then re-increases afterwards to form a trough of intensity 51 then to reach a second peak of intensity 52 in the second tightening 32, at the second altitude H32, such that this is shown in Figure 4 or Figure 7.
- the width of the first tightening 24 here corresponds to the difference between on the one hand the center distance which separates the central axes X5, X6 of the first and second electrodes 5, 6 and on the other hand the sum of the radius of the first electrode 5 and the radius of the second electrode 6.
- the width of the second constriction 32 corresponds here to the difference between on the one hand the center distance which separates the central axes X30, X31 of the third and fourth electrodes 30, 31 and on the other hand the sum of the radius of the third electrode 30 and the radius of the fourth electrode 31.
- the installation 100 thus has, according to a preferred characteristic which may constitute an invention in its own right, a structure comprising (at least) two capture stages 35, 36, namely a first capture stage 35, upper , corresponding to the first pair of electrodes formed by the first and second electrodes 5, 6 which define a part of the separating electric field whose intensity peaks at the first tightening 24, then a second capture stage 36, lower, corresponding to the second pair of electrodes formed by the third and fourth electrodes 30, 31 which define another part of the separating electric field whose intensity peaks at the second constriction 32.
- the enclosure 12 of the tribocharger 4 is located at an altitude, called the "release altitude" H12, which is higher than the first altitude H24 of the first tightening 24.
- a component 2, 3 which leaves the enclosure 12 through the confinement wall 13 and which falls under the effect of gravity can, if necessary, pass successively through the first capture stage 35 then the second capture stage 36, and therefore in particular the first intensity peak 50, passing through the first constriction 24, then the second intensity peak 52, passing through the second constriction 32, so that, if said component 2, 3 is too heavy and/or insufficiently charged, relative to its weight or relative to the distance which initially separates said component from the collector 10, 11 which corresponds to it, to be captured by the first capture stage 35 higher, then it is possible that said component 2, 3 is captured, in catch-up, by the second lower capture stage 36 . This will ensure a high recovery rate of components 2, 3.
- the enclosure 12 of the tribocharger 4 is located at an altitude, called “release altitude” H12, which is intermediate, that is to say which is this time lower than the first altitude H24 of the first constriction 24 and higher than the second altitude H32 of the second constriction 32.
- the enclosure 12 of the tribocharger 4, and more particularly the grid 14 is here, at least partly, or even totally, contained vertically between the first constriction 24 and the second constriction 32, so that the enclosure 12, and more particularly the grid 14, extends at least partly, and preferably entirely, below the first constriction 24 and above the second constriction 32.
- the inventors have in fact found that it was possible to obtain, by using such a configuration in which the tribocharger 4 is placed vertically in an intermediate position between the first and second constrictions 24, 32, an extraction of fibers 2 having a high degree of purity, higher than that observed in the previous configuration according to which the tribocharger 4 is placed above both the first constriction 24 and the second constriction 32. During the tests carried out by the inventors, this improvement in purity has was observed at each of the two capture stages 35, 36.
- the central axis XI 5 of the containment drum 15 will be located at a intermediate altitude, strictly between the first altitude H24 of the first tightening 24 and the second altitude H32 of the second tightening 32.
- the central axis X15 of the drum confinement 15 may be located at an altitude which is on the one hand lower than the altitude of the central axis X5 of the first electrode 5, and more preferably lower both than the altitude of the central axis X5 of the first electrode 5 and at the altitude of the central axis X6 of the second electrode 6, and on the other hand higher than the altitude of the central axis X30 of the third electrode 30, and more preferably higher both the altitude of the central axis X30 of the third electrode 30 and the altitude of the central axis X31 of the fourth electrode 31.
- the third electrode 30 will be located on the same side of the sagittal reference plane PO as the first electrode 5, here on the left in Figures 1 and 2, and will have the same polarity as the first electrode 5.
- the third electrode 30 will preferably be associated with a third collector 33, distinct from the first and from the second collector 10, 11, intended to collect the components 2 of the first family. More preferably, the third electrode 30 will form part of said third collector 33, being arranged so as to be able to capture the components 2 on its surface.
- the fourth electrode 31 will preferably be located on the same side of the sagittal reference plane PO as the second electrode 6, here on the right in FIGS. 1 and 2, and will have the same polarity as the second electrode 6.
- the fourth electrode 31 will preferably be associated with a fourth collector 34, distinct from the first, second and third collectors 10, 11, 33, and intended to collect the components 3 of the second family. More preferably, the fourth electrode 31 will form part of said fourth collector 34, being arranged so as to be able to capture the components 3 on its surface.
- the third and fourth electrodes 30, 31 are, like the first and second electrodes 5, 6, each formed by a cylindrical electrode 30, 31, preferably of circular base, mounted in rotation R30, R31 around of its central axis X30, horizontal X31.
- each of the first, second, third and fourth electrodes 5, 6, 30, 31 is associated with, or more preferably belongs to, a separate collector 10, 11, 33, 34, so that each of said first, second, third and fourth electrodes 5, 6, 30, 31 can evacuate out of the air gap 7, independently of the other electrodes 5, 6, 30, 31, the components 2, 3 captured on its surface.
- the installation 100 thus has a simple and inexpensive structure, which ensures separate evacuation, by capture stage 35, 36 and by polarity, of the various components 2, 3. It is thus possible to obtain ease and good reliability sorting, with high throughput.
- the collectors 10, 11, 33, 34 may be provided with scrapers 38, located outside the air gap 7, which rub against the corresponding electrode 5, 6, 30, 31 to detach the components 2, 3 captured by said electrode, which components 2, 3 can then be either temporarily stored in a container provided for this purpose, or evacuated by means of a suitable conveyor.
- the potential difference applied between the third electrode 30 and the fourth electrode 31 may be identical to the potential difference applied between the first and the second electrode 5, 6.
- - upper electrodes that is to say the first and second electrodes 5, 6, each having a diameter, preferably equal, of between 250 mm and 400 mm
- - lower electrodes that is to say the third and fourth electrodes 30, 31, each having a diameter, preferably equal, of between 250 mm and 500 mm;
- a containment drum 15 having an internal diameter of between 200 mm and 300 mm;
- each electrode of the same pair (upper pair, respectively lower pair) located at the same altitude as the other electrode of the same pair.
- the installation 100 may comprise position adjustment members 40, 41 making it possible to modify the position of one and/or the other of the central axes XI 5 of the containment drum and/or X5, X6, X30, X31 of one or the other of the electrodes 5, 6, 30, 31.
- a system of vertical rails 40 may be provided making it possible to modify, preferably independently of each other, the altitude of the containment drum 15, respectively one and/or the other of the altitudes of the electrodes 5, 6, 30, 31.
- horizontal rails 41 may be provided, preferably perpendicular to the central axes X15, X5, X6, X30, X31, to modify the horizontal position of the electrodes 5, 6, 30, 31, preferably independently of each other. from the others, so as to be able in particular to adjust and modify as needed the center distances of each pair of electrodes 5, 6, respectively 30, 31, and or the distance of one and/or the other of the electrodes with respect to the vertical plumb of the tribocharger (here therefore the distance from the reference plane PO).
- the surface, preferably cylindrical, of the electrodes 5, 6, 30, 31 is covered with a layer made of an electrically insulating material to prevent an exchange of charges of the electrode 5, 6, 30, 31 with the components 2, 3 which adhere to its surface.
- electrically insulating material is meant here a material which has a resistivity equal to or greater than 10 10 ⁇ m at a temperature of 300 Kelvin.
- This insulating layer may for example take the form of a coating, for example of PTFE or PET, preferably with a thickness of between 10 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m, which will be deposited on the core of the electrode, it -even made of metal, for example copper alloy, aluminum alloy or stainless steel.
- the electrodes 5, 6, 30, 31 which define the separating electric field occupy, as a whole, an altitude range H7 called “air gap altitude range” H7 which extends from the altitude of the lowest point of all said electrodes, here the low line of the third or fourth electrode 30, 31, up to the highest point of all said electrodes, here the crest line of the first or of the second electrode 5, 6, and the tribocharger 4, called “first tribocharger” 4, is located in an upper part of the installation 100 so that at least a part, preferably at least half, and more preferentially the whole of the altitude range of the air gap H7 extends below the altitude H12 of the lowest point of the enclosure 12 receiving the mixture 1, that is to say below the release altitude H12 mentioned above.
- air gap altitude range H7 which extends from the altitude of the lowest point of all said electrodes, here the low line of the third or fourth electrode 30, 31, up to the highest point of all said electrodes, here the crest line of the first or of the second electrode 5, 6, and
- the enclosure 12, and more particularly the grid 14 is located in the upper part of the air gap 7, so that the components 2, 3 which come out of the enclosure 12, at the release altitude H12, benefit from a significant height of fall, which leaves space and time for the electrodes 5, 6, 30, 31 to deflect the trajectory of said components towards the collectors 10, 11, 33, 34.
- the installation 100 can then also comprise, in a lower part, directly above the first tribocharger 4 and at an altitude H45 strictly lower than the altitude of said first tribocharger 4, here therefore strictly lower than the release altitude H12, a fluidized bed 45, shown schematically in dotted lines in FIG. 2, which forms a second tribocharger 45 capable of electrically recharging and returning to suspension in the air gap 7 the components 2, 3 of the mixture 1 which would have fallen from the first tribocharger 4 and would have vertically crossed the gap 7 without being captured by the collectors 10, 11, 33, 34.
- the efficiency of the installation 100 is thus further improved, by reducing the losses which would correspond to a residue which would be formed by the components which have fallen from the enclosure but which have not been captured and therefore not sorted after their passage through facility 100.
- the installation 100 comprises, at an intermediate altitude located between the first upper capture stage 35, formed by the first electrode 5 and the second electrode 6 and the second capture stage 36, lower, formed by the third electrode 30 and the fourth electrode 31, a non-return baffle 46 which is arranged to allow the passage to the second capture stage 36 of the components 2, 3 not captured by the first capture stage 35, while preventing the components 2, 3 resuspended in the second capture stage 36 by the fluidized bed 45 from rising beyond said non-return baffle 46, and in particular from rising to the first capture stage 35.
- Said non-return baffle 46 preferably comprises first of all, as can be seen in FIG. 5, a hopper 47 with converging walls which is able to collect the components 2, 3 falling from the first capture stage 35 and directing said components 2, 3, through a lower opening 48, towards the second capture stage 36, then a diverging deflector 49, which is placed under the hopper 47 plumb with the lower opening 48 so as to allow the fall into the second capture stage 36 of the components 2, 3 coming from the hopper 47, while preventing the components 2, 3 resuspended in the second capture stage 36 by the fluidized bed 45 from rising via the lower opening 48 in the direction of the first capture stage 35, and therefore to go up beyond said non-return baffle 46, and in particular to go up to the first capture stage 35.
- the second capture stage 36 is thus confined, in the air gap delimited by the third and fourth electrodes 30, 31, to the components 2, 3 which were not captured during their first drop and which are resuspended, by the fluidized bed 45, in the lower part of the air gap 7.
- the efficiency of the installation is thus improved, by preventing the fluidized bed 45 from dispersing the components 2, 3 out of the air gap 7.
- the width covered horizontally by the deflector 49 preferably represents at least 50%, at least 75%, at least 85%, or even at least 95% of the distance which horizontally separates the third electrode 30 from the fourth electrode 31.
- the deflector 49 forms a sort of cap which covers the majority, or even all, of the lower zone of the air gap 7 which is between the third and fourth electrodes 30, 31, and constitutes an obstacle which prevents the components 2 , 3 present in this lower zone of the air gap 7 to exit from said lower zone of the air gap.
- the deflector 49 is preferably arranged so as to overlap and entirely cover, in projection in a horizontal plane, the lower opening 48 of the hopper 47, and even to overflow beyond the lower opening 48, so that the components 2, 3 present in the lower zone of the air gap, under the deflector 49, cannot rise vertically through said lower opening 48.
- the non-return baffle 46 also makes it possible to prevent the gas flow, here ascending, emitted by the fluidized bed 45 from disturbing the operation of the first capture stage 35, in the upper part of the air gap 7.
- the walls of the hopper 47 may be formed by inclined plates which extend in length parallel to the axes X5, X6, X30, X31 of the electrodes 30, 31.
- These walls, and more generally the non-return baffle 46, may be driven by vibrations, to prevent the components 2, 3 from adhering to said walls.
- the generator 8 and the electrodes 5, 6, and where applicable 30, 31, are arranged so that the intensity of the separating electric field, at the level of the internal face of the grid 14 which retains the components, here in particular in the immediate vicinity of the altitude release altitude H12 or even at the release altitude H12, is equal to or greater than 100 kV/m, preferably between 100 kV/m and 600 kV/m, and more preferably between 200 kV/m and 400 kV/m .
- the choice of a moderate intensity for example equal to or less than 400 kV/m, will advantageously make it possible to create the separating electric field by means of generators 8 having a maximum voltage of less than 100 kV, and which are therefore relatively inexpensive and not very restrictive to implement, in particular in view of the safety standards applicable to such generators 8 in terms of isolation distances.
- the required intensity can in particular be obtained by creating a potential difference of 50 kV, here in direct voltage, for example between a first and a second electrode 5, 6 which are spaced apart by a center distance of 80 cm, which each have a diameter of 30 cm, and which are associated with a containment drum 15 having, at the level of the grid 14, an internal diameter of 30 cm, whose central axis X15 is located horizontally in the middle of the center distance separating the central axis X5 of the first electrode 5 from the central axis X6 of the second electrode, and vertically at an altitude between 0 cm and 40 cm above the altitude common to the two central axes X5, X6 of said first and second electrodes.
- a potential difference of 50 kV here in direct voltage
- the intensity of the separating electric field may be between 100 kV/m and 400 kV/m.
- the intensity of the separating electric field may be between 200 kV/m and 600 kV/m.
- the electric field intensity values given above for the first altitude H24 and the second altitude H32 may in particular correspond to a situation in which, as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 5, the shortest distance which separates the first electrode 5 from the second electrode 6 is wider than the shortest distance which separates the third electrode 30 from the fourth electrode 31. [00148] This being so, the distances separating the electrodes 5, 6, respectively 30, 31 of the same pair can of course be adjusted, as well as the potential difference applied between these electrodes, according to the intensity of the field. electric separator desired.
- the first electrode 5 and the second electrode 6 may be closer to each other than are, between them, the third and the fourth electrode 30, 31, that is to say that the shortest distance separating the first electrode 5 from the second electrode 6 could be chosen smaller than the shortest distance separating the third electrode 30 from the fourth electrode 31 , instead of being chosen larger.
- the intensity of the separating electric field may then be higher in the first constriction 24 than in the second constriction 32, as illustrated in FIG. 7.
- the intensity of the electric field separator may this time be between 200 kV/m and 600 kV/m at the first altitude H24 of the upper narrowing 24, while it will be between 100 kV/m and 400 kV/m at the second altitude H32 of the narrowing 32 lower.
- the invention relates as such to a separation process allowing, from a mixture 1 which contains at least a first family of components 2, preferably fibers 2, and a second family of components 3, preferably granules 3, to separate the components 2 belonging to the first family from the components 3 belonging to the second family.
- Such a method can preferably be implemented by means of an installation 100 as described in the foregoing.
- the process according to the invention preferably and advantageously constitutes a process of separation by the dry route, which requires neither the use of solvent nor the treatment of the components 2, 3 by any liquid solution.
- the separation method according to the invention comprises a step (SI) of creating a separating electric field, during which a potential difference is applied between at least a first electrode 5 and a second electrode 6 defining between them an air gap 7 so as to generate in said air gap 7 an electric field called "separating electric field", a step (S2) of electrostatic charging of the mixture 1, during which components 2, 3 of the mixture are imparted, by triboelectric action, electrostatic charges which are of opposite polarities depending on whether the components 2, 3 belong to the first family or to the second family, then a sorting step (S3) during which the separating electric field is used to direct the charged components 2 of the first family to a first collector 10 which captures said components 2 of the first family, and to direct the charged components 3 of the second family to a second collector 11 which is distinct from the first collector 10 and which captures said components 3 of the second family.
- SI a step of creating a separating electric field, during which a potential difference is applied between at least a first electrode 5 and a second electrode 6
- the step (S2) of electrostatic charging comprises a phase (S201) of selective retention, during which the mixture 1 is placed inside an enclosure 12 which is separated from the first and second electrodes 5, 6 and first and second collectors 10, 11 by a confinement wall 13, and said mixture 1 present in the enclosure is subjected to tribo-electric action, in the presence of the separating electric field, and, depending on whether the level of electrostatic charge reached by certain components 2, 3 corresponds or not to a level of charge deemed sufficient, said components 2, 3 are authorized to leave enclosure 12 so that said components 2, 3 can gain the collectors 10, 11 under the action of the separating electric field, or on the contrary said components 2, 3 are temporarily prevented from leaving the enclosure, by retaining them by means of the confinement wall 13, and continuing the action tribo-electric on said components 2, 3, until these same components 2, 3 have acquired an electrostatic charge of a level of charge deemed sufficient to be able to be released from enclosure 12, intended for collectors 10, 11.
- a phase (S201) of selective retention during which the mixture 1 is placed inside
- the sorting step (S3) is preceded by a step (S201) of selective retention which makes it possible to maintain, here by means of the grid 14, the components 2, 3, initially uncharged or lightly charged, in the buffer zone formed by the enclosure 12, until these same components have acquired a charge which is sufficient to trigger their extraction from the enclosure 12, through the grid 14, and their release into the air gap 7, from where said charged components 2, 3 then travel to the collectors 10, 11.
- the grid 14, and more particularly the dimensioning of the mesh M14 of the sieve formed by the said grid 14, advantageously makes it possible to automatically ensure, for each component 2, 3 considered individually, that the release of said component in the air gap 7 occurs only, and as soon as the conditions, in particular the electrostatic charge threshold adapted to the component considered, are met for the separating electric field to convey said component to the collector 10 , 11 which corresponds to it.
- a separating electric field is created which extends at least partly below the enclosure 12, and which has at least two intensity peaks 50, 52 staged vertically and separated by an intensity hollow 51, so as to form a first upper capture stage 35, with which at least part of the components 2, 3 coming from the enclosure 12 are captured, then a second lower stage capture 36 with which at least part of the components 2, 3 coming from the enclosure 12 and not captured by the first upper capture stage 35 are captured.
- Each stage 35, 36 preferably corresponds to a different pair of electrodes 5, 6, 30, 31 respectively.
- such a stepped structure considerably limits the fall of components 2, 3 in the bottom of the installation, and promotes efficient evacuation of each family of components, with a good flow, because said evacuation is distributed over two floors. 35, 36, and which thus affects the capture and the evacuation of the same family of components two stages 35, 36 of capture and therefore several collectors working simultaneously.
- the separation process applies to a mixture 1 which comprises as first family of components fibers 2, preferably based on polyethylene terephthalate, and as second family of components granule
- the invention relates to a process for recycling a pneumatic tire comprising a grinding step, during which at least a portion of said pneumatic tire is reduced, for example the strip rolling said tire into a mixture containing textile fibers 2 and granules 3 of rubber-based material, then a separation step during which a separation process is applied to said mixture according to any one of the characteristics described below. above.
Landscapes
- Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22814117.2A EP4433218B1 (fr) | 2021-11-15 | 2022-11-10 | Installation destinée à séparer dans un champ électrique les composants d'un mélange de fibres et de granules à l'aide d'un tribochargeur pourvu d'une grille de confinement sélectif desdits composants |
| US18/710,061 US20250018403A1 (en) | 2021-11-15 | 2022-11-10 | Installation intended to separate, in an electric field, the components of a mixture of fibres and granules using a tribocharger provided with a grating for the selective confinement of said components |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FRFR2112031 | 2021-11-15 | ||
| FR2112031A FR3129092B1 (fr) | 2021-11-15 | 2021-11-15 | Installation destinée à séparer dans un champ électrique les composants d’un mélange de fibres et de granules à l’aide d’un tribochargeur pourvu d’une grille de confinement sélectif desdits composants |
| FR2201098A FR3129093B1 (fr) | 2021-11-15 | 2022-02-08 | Installation destinée à séparer dans un champ électrique les composants d’un mélange de fibres et de granules à l’aide d’un tribochargeur pourvu d’une grille de confinement sélectif desdits composants |
| FRFR2201098 | 2022-02-08 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2023083988A1 true WO2023083988A1 (fr) | 2023-05-19 |
Family
ID=84365580
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2022/081533 Ceased WO2023083988A1 (fr) | 2021-11-15 | 2022-11-10 | Installation destinée à séparer dans un champ électrique les composants d'un mélange de fibres et de granules à l'aide d'un tribochargeur pourvu d'une grille de confinement sélectif desdits composants |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250018403A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4433218B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023083988A1 (fr) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6927354B1 (en) * | 2000-01-21 | 2005-08-09 | The University Of Western Ontario | Tribocharging and electrostatic separation of mixed electrically insulating particles |
| WO2009028217A1 (fr) * | 2007-08-27 | 2009-03-05 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Appareil et procédé de séparation électrostatique, et procédé de production de plastique recyclé |
| FR2943561A1 (fr) | 2009-03-27 | 2010-10-01 | Apr2 | Procede de separation electrostatique d'un melange de granules de materiaux differents et dispositif de mise en oeuvre |
| DE112009004345T5 (de) * | 2009-02-13 | 2012-06-21 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp. | Separierungsverfahren und Separierungsvorrichtung für Kunststoffe |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3103812B2 (ja) * | 1994-06-10 | 2000-10-30 | センコー工業株式会社 | 摩擦帯電型静電選別装置 |
| CN1287508A (zh) * | 1998-11-05 | 2001-03-14 | 日立造船株式会社 | 摩擦带电装置 |
| JP3606749B2 (ja) * | 1998-11-05 | 2005-01-05 | 日立造船株式会社 | プラスチック選別装置 |
| JP4017288B2 (ja) * | 1998-11-18 | 2007-12-05 | 日立造船株式会社 | プラスチック選別方法 |
| US6452126B1 (en) * | 1999-03-12 | 2002-09-17 | Mba Polymers, Inc. | Electrostatic separation enhanced by media addition |
| WO2001021318A1 (fr) * | 1999-09-20 | 2001-03-29 | Hitachi Zosen Corporation | Trieur de plastique |
| AU2013386925B2 (en) * | 2013-04-15 | 2016-05-19 | Posco | Raw material sorting apparatus and method therefor |
-
2022
- 2022-11-10 EP EP22814117.2A patent/EP4433218B1/fr active Active
- 2022-11-10 WO PCT/EP2022/081533 patent/WO2023083988A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2022-11-10 US US18/710,061 patent/US20250018403A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6927354B1 (en) * | 2000-01-21 | 2005-08-09 | The University Of Western Ontario | Tribocharging and electrostatic separation of mixed electrically insulating particles |
| WO2009028217A1 (fr) * | 2007-08-27 | 2009-03-05 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Appareil et procédé de séparation électrostatique, et procédé de production de plastique recyclé |
| DE112009004345T5 (de) * | 2009-02-13 | 2012-06-21 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp. | Separierungsverfahren und Separierungsvorrichtung für Kunststoffe |
| FR2943561A1 (fr) | 2009-03-27 | 2010-10-01 | Apr2 | Procede de separation electrostatique d'un melange de granules de materiaux differents et dispositif de mise en oeuvre |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4433218A1 (fr) | 2024-09-25 |
| EP4433218B1 (fr) | 2025-10-29 |
| US20250018403A1 (en) | 2025-01-16 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP2411155B1 (fr) | Procédé de séparation électrostatique d'un mélange de granules de matériaux différents et dispositif de mise en oeuvre | |
| EP4433228A1 (fr) | Procédé de séparation des composants d'un mélange de fibres et de granules par neutralisation électrostatique et tamisage, et installation correspondante | |
| EP3762148B1 (fr) | Procédé et dispositif de séparation électrostatique de matériaux granulaires | |
| KR102354436B1 (ko) | 실리콘 분말을 관리하기 위한 장치 및 방법 | |
| EP0851785B1 (fr) | Dispositif et procede pour agglomerer et precipiter des particules contenues dans un courant de gaz | |
| FR2567044A1 (fr) | Appareil de separation de poussiere pour separer les poussieres de gaz de fours d'acierie et des gaz de combustion de combustibles solides fossiles ou analogues | |
| FR3003778A1 (fr) | Procede et dispositif de tri de billes | |
| EP2855037B1 (fr) | Dispositif et procede de separation granulometrique de matieres riches en particules filiformes | |
| EP4433218B1 (fr) | Installation destinée à séparer dans un champ électrique les composants d'un mélange de fibres et de granules à l'aide d'un tribochargeur pourvu d'une grille de confinement sélectif desdits composants | |
| FR2984184A1 (fr) | Separateur magnetique | |
| FR3129093A1 (fr) | Installation destinée à séparer dans un champ électrique les composants d’un mélange de fibres et de granules à l’aide d’un tribochargeur pourvu d’une grille de confinement sélectif desdits composants | |
| FR2731366A1 (fr) | Broyeur a marteaux a fonctionnement optimise | |
| WO2023152019A1 (fr) | Installation de séparation des composants d'un mélange de fibres et granules par battage du mélange au moyen d'un champ électrique alternatif | |
| WO2013153296A1 (fr) | Séparateur par courant de foucault | |
| FR2951660A1 (fr) | Dispositif de traitement d'un granulat comprenant des composants en polymere lies a des composants metalliques et de composants en textile | |
| EP1047486B1 (fr) | Procede et dispositif de separation de particules solides present dans un courant de gaz | |
| EP4588578A2 (fr) | Installation permettant la séparation des composants d'un mélange de fibres et de granules au moyen d'un système aéraulique comprenant une buse d' aspiration combinée à une grille réceptrice mobile | |
| WO2025168537A1 (fr) | Procédé de séparation des composants d'un mélange de fibres et de granules comprenant une étape de désenchevêtrement du mélange par brossage sur un tamis | |
| EP1234618A1 (fr) | Dispositif et procédé d'extraction des corps étrangers mélangés aux fruits récoltés au sol. | |
| FR2931709A1 (fr) | Dispositif de purification d'un flux de gaz charge en particules solides. | |
| EP3782734B1 (fr) | Dispositif de séparation électrostatique, procédé de séparation et utilisation associés | |
| BE528418A (fr) | ||
| FR3151519A1 (fr) | Procédé de recyclage de thermoplastiques filamentaires | |
| FR3157232A1 (fr) | Procédé de dépoussiérage de fibres au moyen d’un purificateur cyclonique à double paroi | |
| FR2860171A1 (fr) | Separateur magnetique a haute intensite |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 22814117 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 18710061 Country of ref document: US |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2022814117 Country of ref document: EP |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2022814117 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20240617 |
|
| WWG | Wipo information: grant in national office |
Ref document number: 2022814117 Country of ref document: EP |