WO2023079836A1 - 無方向性電磁鋼板とその製造方法 - Google Patents
無方向性電磁鋼板とその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
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- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
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- C21D8/1261—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest following hot rolling
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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- C21D8/1266—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest between cold rolling steps
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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- C21D8/1244—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest
- C21D8/1272—Final recrystallisation annealing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
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- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
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- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0206—Manufacturing of magnetic cores by mechanical means
- H01F41/0233—Manufacturing of magnetic circuits made from sheets
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a non-oriented electrical steel sheet suitable for use in motor cores and a method for manufacturing the same.
- the core of the drive motor is usually composed of a stator core and a rotor core, but as the rotation speed increases, a greater centrifugal force acts on the rotating rotor core.
- the rotor core has a very narrow portion (width: 1 to 2 mm) called a rotor core bridge portion due to its structure, and this portion is in a particularly high stress state during operation of the motor.
- the electromagnetic steel sheets used for rotor cores are required to have excellent strength characteristics such as high strength and high fatigue strength.
- the magnetic steel sheets used for the stator core have high magnetic flux density and low iron loss in order to achieve miniaturization and high output of the motor.
- the characteristics of the electrical steel sheets used in motor cores are excellent strength characteristics (tensile strength, fatigue characteristics) for rotor cores, and excellent magnetic characteristics (magnetic flux density, iron loss characteristics) for stator cores. Excellence is required.
- the rotor core and stator core are generally assembled by laminating rotor core material and stator core material processed into core cross-sections. Therefore, from the viewpoint of the motor core manufacturer (user), it is desirable that the rotor core material and the stator core material can be simultaneously obtained from the same material steel plate in order to improve material yield and productivity.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for increasing the Si content of a steel sheet and adding a strengthening element such as Ni or Cu in order to secure the mechanical properties required for a rotor core while securing the magnetic properties required for the stator core. is disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 a steel sheet after cold rolling is finish-annealed (referred to as "cold-rolled sheet annealing" in the present invention) to produce a high-strength non-oriented electrical steel sheet having a fine grain structure.
- a rotor core material and a stator core material are obtained from a steel plate by punching, and after laminating and assembling the rotor core and the stator core, only the stator core is subjected to stress relief annealing (referred to as "core annealing" in the present invention) to achieve high strength.
- core annealing stress relief annealing
- a technique for manufacturing a rotor core and a low core loss stator core from the same material is disclosed. Further, in Patent Document 3, a high-strength non-oriented electrical steel sheet having a fine-grained structure is manufactured, a rotor core material and a stator core material are sampled, and laminated to assemble the rotor core and the stator core.
- a technique for manufacturing a high-strength rotor core and a low iron loss, high magnetic flux density stator core from the same material by performing core annealing at a heating rate of 8°C/min from °C to the soaking temperature. .
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 do not reduce the manufacturability, and the strength characteristics and magnetic properties required for the material steel sheets of motor cores such as EV/HEV in recent years. It is becoming difficult to satisfy the characteristics. Specifically, the technique of increasing the amount of Si, Ni, Cu, and the like disclosed in Patent Document 1 causes breakage during cold rolling, which significantly lowers manufacturability. In addition, Ni and Cu are expensive elements, leading to an increase in manufacturing costs. Moreover, with the technique disclosed in Patent Document 2, it is possible to obtain a non-oriented electrical steel sheet having a high yield stress after cold-rolled sheet annealing.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a motor core with excellent strength characteristics that can suppress an increase in manufacturing costs and a decrease in the manufacturing yield of motor cores for users.
- the inventors conducted extensive research on the effects of various factors on the grain growth behavior during core annealing (stress relief annealing) of non-oriented electrical steel sheets.
- the crystal grains are refined by performing appropriate heat treatment before the final cold rolling, optimizing the rolling conditions for the first pass in the final cold rolling, and then performing appropriate cold-rolled sheet annealing. It is possible to grow grains and a crystal structure having a specific orientation.
- the present inventors have found that a non-oriented electrical steel sheet can be obtained that has a high fatigue strength and a small decrease in magnetic flux density in the subsequent core annealing (stress relief annealing), and has developed the present invention.
- C 0.0005 to 0.0050 mass%, Si: 1.0 to 5.0 mass%, Mn: 0.05 to 5.0 mass%, P: 0 to 0.1 mass%, S: 0 to 0.010 mass%, Al: 0.005 to 3.0 mass%, and N: 0 to 0.010 mass%, with the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities, electron beam backscattering
- D1 the average crystal grain size of crystal grains having ⁇ 411 ⁇ 148> orientation
- D2 the average crystal grain size of crystal grains having ⁇ 211 ⁇ 011> orientation.
- the D1 is 75 ⁇ m or less, and the D1 to D3 are the following formulas (1) and (2); D2/D1 ⁇ 1.02 (1) D3/D1 ⁇ 0.60 (2) It is a non-oriented electrical steel sheet characterized by satisfying
- the non-oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention further includes the following groups A to E in addition to the above chemical composition; ⁇ Group A; Cr: 0.01 to 5.0 mass% Group B; Ca: 0.001 to 0.01 mass%, Mg: 0.0001 to 0.01 mass% and REM: at least one of 0.001 to 0.05 mass% Group C; Sn: 0.01 mass%; 001 to 0.2 mass% and Sb: at least one of 0.001 to 0.2 mass% Group D; Ni: 0.01 to 3.0 mass% Group E; It is characterized by containing at least one group of at least one component.
- the non-oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention further includes the following groups F and G in addition to the above chemical composition;
- Group F Ta: 0.0001 to 0.01 mass%
- B 0.0001 to 0.005 mass%
- Ga 0.0001 to 0.01 mass%
- Pb 0.0001 to 0.005 mass%
- Zn At least one of 0.001 to 0.01 mass%
- Mo 0.001 to 0.05 mass%
- W 0.001 to 0.05 mass%
- Ge Ge: 0.001 to 0.05 mass%
- the present invention includes C: 0.0005 to 0.0050 mass%, Si: 1.0 to 5.0 mass%, Mn: 0.05 to 5.0 mass%, P: 0 to 0.1 mass%, S: Hot rolling a steel slab having a chemical composition containing 0 to 0.010 mass%, Al: 0.005 to 3.0 mass%, N: 0 to 0.010 mass%, and the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities, Non-oriented electrical steel sheet subjected to hot-rolled sheet annealing, cold-rolled once or cold-rolled twice or more with intermediate annealing to obtain a cold-rolled sheet having a final thickness, and subjected to cold-rolled sheet annealing.
- the steel sheet before cold rolling to be the final thickness is cooled to 90 ° C. or less, aged at a temperature of 100 to 300 ° C., and then subjected to heat treatment to cool again to obtain the final thickness.
- the first pass of cold rolling is performed using work rolls with a surface roughness Ra of 0.05 to 3.0 ⁇ m at a bite temperature of 70 ° C. or less, and the soaking temperature for the cold-rolled sheet annealing is set to , 700 to 950° C., a method for manufacturing a non-oriented electrical steel sheet.
- the steel slab used in the method for producing a non-oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention in addition to the above chemical composition, further includes the following groups A to E; ⁇ Group A; Cr: 0.01 to 5.0 mass% Group B; Ca: 0.001 to 0.01 mass%, Mg: 0.0001 to 0.01 mass% and REM: at least one of 0.001 to 0.05 mass% Group C; Sn: 0.01 mass%; 001 to 0.2 mass% and Sb: at least one of 0.001 to 0.2 mass% Group D; Ni: 0.01 to 3.0 mass% Group E; It is characterized by containing at least one group of at least one component.
- the steel slab used in the method for producing a non-oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention in addition to the above chemical composition, further includes Groups F and G below; Group F; Ta: 0.0001 to 0.01 mass%, B: 0.0001 to 0.005 mass%, Ga: 0.0001 to 0.01 mass%, Pb: 0.0001 to 0.005 mass%, Zn: At least one of 0.001 to 0.01 mass%, Mo: 0.001 to 0.05 mass% and W: 0.001 to 0.05 mass% Group G; Ge: 0.001 to 0.05 mass% , As: 0.001 to 0.05 mass% and Co: 0.001 to 0.05 mass%.
- Groups F and G below; Group F; Ta: 0.0001 to 0.01 mass%, B: 0.0001 to 0.005 mass%, Ga: 0.0001 to 0.01 mass%, Pb: 0.0001 to 0.005 mass%, Zn: At least one of 0.001 to 0.01 mass%, Mo: 0.001 to 0.05 mass% and W: 0.001 to
- the present invention it is possible to stably provide a non-oriented electrical steel sheet having excellent fatigue properties, excellent magnetic properties after core annealing, and particularly excellent magnetic flux density. As a result, it not only contributes to the improvement of material yield and productivity in the user, but also greatly contributes to the improvement of the characteristics of the high-speed rotating motor.
- an object of the present invention is to develop a non-oriented electrical steel sheet that has high fatigue strength after cold-rolled sheet annealing (finish annealing) and less deterioration in magnetic flux density in subsequent core annealing (stress relief annealing).
- the aim is to develop a non-oriented electrical steel sheet having a fatigue strength of 470 MPa or more after cold-rolled sheet annealing and a magnetic flux density deterioration allowance ⁇ B50 due to core annealing of 0.04 T or less.
- the fatigue strength of 470 MPa is the minimum value of fatigue strength required for the rotor core material of the EV/HEV drive motor to resist the centrifugal force generated by high-speed rotation.
- C 0.0005 to 0.0050 mass%
- C is a harmful element that precipitates as carbide on grain boundaries during core annealing and increases iron loss after core annealing.
- the present invention controls the recrystallization behavior of the rolled structure in cold-rolled steel annealing by heat-treating the steel plate before cold-rolling to segregate solid solution C at the grain boundary, and specifying
- This is a technique for controlling the average grain size of oriented crystal grains after cold-rolled sheet annealing.
- the C content should be in the range of 0.0005 to 0.0050 mass%.
- a preferable C content is in the range of 0.0020 to 0.0040 mass%.
- Si 1.0 to 5.0 mass% Si is an essential element for increasing the specific resistance of steel and reducing iron loss. It is also an element that increases the strength of steel through solid-solution strengthening. In order to obtain the above effects, 1.0 mass % or more of Si is added in the present invention. On the other hand, when Si exceeds 5.0 mass%, the toughness is lowered and manufacturability is impaired, so the upper limit is made 5.0 mass%. A preferable Si content is in the range of 2.5 to 4.5 mass%.
- Mn 0.05-5.0 mass% Mn, like Si, is an element useful for increasing the specific resistance and strength of steel. It is also an element that improves hot workability. In order to obtain these effects, 0.05 mass% or more of Mn is added. On the other hand, the addition of Mn exceeding 5.0 mass% promotes the precipitation of MnC and may degrade the magnetic properties, so the upper limit is made 5.0 mass%. A preferable Mn content is in the range of 0.10 to 3.0 mass%.
- P 0 to 0.1 mass%
- P is a useful element used for adjusting the strength (hardness) of steel.
- the upper limit is made 0.1 mass%.
- the lower limit is not specified, excessive reduction of P leads to an increase in manufacturing cost, so it is preferable to set it to about 0.001 mass%.
- a more preferable P content is in the range of 0.005 to 0.08 mass%.
- S 0 to 0.010 mass%
- S is a harmful element that forms and precipitates fine sulfides and adversely affects iron loss characteristics. In particular, if the content exceeds 0.010 mass%, the adverse effect becomes noticeable, so the content is limited to 0.010 mass% or less.
- a preferable S content is 0.005 mass% or less.
- Al 0.005 to 3.0 mass%
- Al is a useful element that increases the specific resistance of steel and reduces iron loss. In order to obtain this effect, it is necessary to add 0.005 mass% or more of Al. On the other hand, addition of more than 3.0 mass% promotes nitridation of the surface of the steel sheet during cold-rolled sheet annealing and core annealing, possibly deteriorating the magnetic properties, so the upper limit is made 3.0 mass%.
- a preferable Al content is in the range of 0.010 to 2.0 mass%.
- N 0 to 0.010 mass% N is a harmful element that forms and precipitates fine nitrides during cold-rolled sheet annealing and core annealing, and adversely affects iron loss characteristics. In particular, if it exceeds 0.010 mass%, the adverse effect becomes remarkable, so the upper limit is made 0.010 mass%.
- a preferable N content is 0.0030 mass% or less.
- the non-oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention can further contain the following components in addition to the above components, depending on the properties required.
- Cr 0.01 to 5.0 mass% Cr has the effect of increasing the resistivity of steel and reducing iron loss. In order to obtain this effect, it is preferable to add 0.01 mass % or more of Cr. On the other hand, if it exceeds 5.0 mass %, the magnetic flux density will decrease due to the decrease in the saturation magnetic flux density. Therefore, when Cr is added, it is preferably added in the range of 0.01 to 5.0 mass%.
- Ca, Mg and REM are all S in steel is an element that has the effect of fixing as a sulfide and reducing iron loss.
- Ca, Mg and REM are preferably added in an amount of 0.001 mass%, 0.0001 mass% and 0.001 mass% or more, respectively.
- Ca, Mg and REM are added in excess of 0.01 mass%, 0.01 mass% and 0.05 mass%, respectively, the above effects become saturated and the cost of raw materials increases. Therefore, it is preferable to add Ca, Mg and REM with upper limits of 0.01 mass%, 0.01 mass% and 0.05 mass%, respectively.
- Ni 0.01 to 3.0 mass%
- Ni is a magnetic element, that is, an element that exhibits ferromagnetism at room temperature, and positively adding it has the effect of increasing the magnetic flux density. In order to obtain the above effect, it is preferable to add 0.01 mass% or more. On the other hand, if the Ni content exceeds 3.0 mass%, the raw material cost increases, so the upper limit is preferably about 3.0 mass%.
- Cu , Nb, Ti and V are elements having the effect of increasing the tensile strength and fatigue strength of the steel sheet by being finely precipitated alone or in the form of carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides.
- the upper limits of Cu, Nb, Ti, and V are preferably Cu: 0.5 mass%, Ti and Nb: 0.05 mass%, and V: 0.20 mass%, respectively.
- Ta 0.0001-0.01 mass%
- B 0.0001-0.005 mass%
- Ga 0.0001-0.01 mass%
- Pb 0.0001-0.005 mass%
- Zn 0.001- At least one of 0.01 mass%
- Mo 0.001 to 0.05 mass%
- W 0.001 to 0.05 mass%
- the above elements are single precipitates or other elements and fine precipitates/inclusions It is an element that has the effect of forming a substance and increasing the tensile strength and fatigue strength of steel sheets.
- Ta 0.0002 to 0.002 mass%
- B 0.0002 to 0.002 mass%
- Ga 0.0002 to 0.005 mass%
- Pb 0.0002 to 0.002 mass%
- Zn 0.002 to 0.005 mass%
- Mo 0.002 to 0.03 mass%
- W 0.002 to 0.03 mass%.
- At least one of Ge: 0.001 to 0.05 mass%, As: 0.001 to 0.05 mass%, and Co: 0.001 to 0.05 mass% The above elements improve magnetic flux density and iron loss can be added as appropriate. In order to obtain the above effect, it is preferable to add 0.001 mass% or more of each. However, even if it is added in excess of 0.05 mass%, the above effect is saturated, so the upper limit of each is preferably 0.05 mass%. More preferably, each is in the range of 0.002 to 0.03 mass%.
- the balance other than the above components is substantially Fe and unavoidable impurities.
- the content of each of the above components may be analyzed using a known analysis method such as inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and is not particularly limited.
- Average crystal grain size D1 75 ⁇ m or less
- the fatigue strength of the steel sheet is improved by making the crystal grain size finer. Therefore, in the non-oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention, the average grain size of the entire steel sheet, that is, the grains in all directions is 75 ⁇ m or less in order to impart the fatigue strength of 470 MPa or more required to the steel sheet after cold-rolled sheet annealing. Requires that there be In the present invention, the average grain size of grains in all directions is represented as D1.
- the non-oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention in order for the non-oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention to reliably achieve a fatigue strength of 470 MPa or more after cold-rolled sheet annealing, it is not enough for the average grain size D1 to be 75 ⁇ m or less. As will be described later, in addition to the above, it is necessary to optimize the average crystal grain size D3 in the ⁇ 211 ⁇ 011> orientation in relation to D1.
- D2/D1 ⁇ 1.02 the average grain size of crystal grains having ⁇ 411 ⁇ ⁇ 148> orientation is D2, D2 is more than the average grain size D1 of grains in all directions described above. is also large, the following formula (1); D2/D1 ⁇ 1.02 (1) must be satisfied.
- D2/D1 ⁇ 1.02 (1) the deterioration amount ⁇ B50 of the magnetic flux density of the stator core material due to core annealing can be suppressed to 0.04 T or less.
- ⁇ 411 ⁇ ⁇ 148> oriented grains are known to have a crystallographic orientation that is favorable for magnetic properties.
- the average crystal grain size D2 of the ⁇ 411 ⁇ 148> oriented grains is larger than the average crystal grain size D1 during core annealing, the ⁇ 411 ⁇ 148> oriented grains eat small grains of the matrix due to the size effect. area ratio increases. As a result, a decrease in magnetic flux density due to core annealing is suppressed.
- the above D3 is the above-mentioned average crystal grain size D1 of all oriented grains.
- D3/D1 ⁇ 0.60 (2) must be satisfied.
- Fatigue strength can be increased by satisfying the above formula (2).
- the above-mentioned average crystal grain size D1 of grains in all directions is 75 ⁇ m or less and the above formula (2) is satisfied, fatigue of 470 MPa or more required for the rotor core material of the EV/HEV drive motor Strength can be stably obtained.
- a crystal grain having a ⁇ 211 ⁇ 011> orientation often has a flattened shape in the rolling direction.
- the crystal grain size having the ⁇ 211 ⁇ ⁇ 011> orientation is fine, the grain boundaries between the oriented grains and the adjacent crystal grains increase, promoting the propagation of cracks generated from inclusions in the steel. It is presumed that
- a section perpendicular to the rolling direction of the test piece for structure observation (so-called C section) is used as an observation surface, and this observation surface is polished with colloidal silica and mirror-finished. Measure the microstructure.
- the measurement conditions are a step size of 0.1 ⁇ m and a measurement area of 10 mm 2 or more, or an area where 5000 or more crystal grains, which will be described later, can be observed.
- analysis software OIM Analysis 8.5 is used to analyze only the measurement points with a CI value of >0.1, and the grain dilation function of the analysis software (Grain Tolerance Angle: 10 °, Minimum Grain Size: 2), Grain CI Standardization function (Grain Tolerance Angle: 10°, Minimum Grain Size: 2), and Single (Average) Orientation per Grain function (Grain Tolerance Angle: 10°).
- the local orientation data is analyzed to obtain the average crystal grain sizes D1 to D3.
- the average crystal grain size D1 of grains in all directions of the cold-rolled annealed sheet is determined by defining the grain boundary as having a grain tolerance angle of 10°, and then determining the area average of the grain size (diameter).
- the average crystal grain size D2 of the ⁇ 411 ⁇ ⁇ 148> oriented grains is (114) [4-81], (141) [-814], ( 141) Of the four crystal orientations of [-4-18] and (411) [-1-48], analyze only crystal grains with a tolerance of less than 15°.
- the area average of the grain size (diameter) is obtained.
- the above four crystal orientations are crystallographically equivalent crystal orientations (variants) satisfied by the ⁇ 411 ⁇ 148> orientation when the parent phase ferrite has Cubic symmetry.
- the average crystal grain size D3 of the ⁇ 211 ⁇ ⁇ 011> oriented grains was obtained by using the Crystal Orientation function in the same manner as described above, using two types of (211) [01-1] and (211) [0-11]. Of the crystal orientations, only crystal grains having a misorientation of less than 15° in Tolerance are analyzed and obtained.
- the non-oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention is obtained by manufacturing a steel material (slab) having the chemical composition described above and then hot-rolling the slab to obtain a hot-rolled sheet. Next, after the hot-rolled sheet is subjected to hot-rolled sheet annealing, it is pickled and cold-rolled once or cold-rolled twice or more with intermediate annealing to obtain the final thickness (product thickness). A cold-rolled sheet is prepared, and the cold-rolled sheet is subjected to cold-rolled sheet annealing. A specific description will be given below.
- the steel material (slab) used for manufacturing the non-oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention is suitable for the present invention described above using a conventionally known refining process using a converter, an electric furnace, or a vacuum degassing facility. After smelting the steel adjusted to the chemical composition, the slab is manufactured. Any method such as a continuous casting method, an ingot casting-blooming rolling method, a thin slab continuous casting method, or the like may be used as a method for manufacturing a slab.
- the slab is heated to a predetermined temperature and then hot rolled into a hot-rolled sheet having a predetermined thickness.
- the conditions for this hot rolling are not particularly limited. °C/s and the coil winding temperature are preferably in the range of 400 to 700°C.
- Hot-rolled sheet annealing Next, the hot-rolled sheet subjected to hot rolling is subjected to hot-rolled sheet annealing in order to completely recrystallize the rolled structure and homogenize the structure.
- the conditions for hot-rolled sheet annealing are not particularly specified, but the soaking temperature is preferably in the range of 800 to 1100° C. and the soaking time is in the range of 3 to 100 seconds.
- the pickling conditions may be descaling to the extent that cold rolling can be applied, and for example, conventional pickling using hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid can be applied.
- This pickling may be performed after annealing in the hot-rolled sheet annealing line, or may be performed in a separate line.
- the descaled hot-rolled sheet is cold-rolled into a cold-rolled sheet having a final sheet thickness (product sheet thickness).
- the final plate thickness may be obtained by one cold rolling, or two or more cold rollings with intermediate annealing may be performed to obtain the final plate thickness.
- the rolling reduction of the cold rolling (final cold rolling) to obtain the final plate thickness is 80% or more.
- the upper limit of the rolling reduction is not particularly limited, but if it exceeds 98%, the rolling load increases remarkably, so it is preferable to set it to about 98%.
- Heat treatment before final cold rolling the steel sheet before the final cold rolling is subjected to a predetermined heat treatment. It is important to perform heat treatment by heating to a temperature of 300° C. for aging treatment and cooling again.
- the steel sheet before final cold rolling when the final thickness is obtained by one cold rolling, for the steel sheet after hot-rolled sheet annealing, when the final thickness is obtained by two or more cold rollings with intermediate annealing. is a steel sheet after intermediate annealing immediately before final cold rolling. Since the hot-rolled sheet annealing and intermediate annealing are usually performed by continuous annealing, they are rapidly cooled from a high temperature. Therefore, it is considered that a large amount of dissolved C exists in the steel sheet in a supersaturated state.
- the steel sheet before the final cold rolling is subjected to the above-described aging treatment to segregate solute C at the grain boundary, thereby strengthening the grain boundary and ⁇ 411 ⁇ ⁇ 148> grains.
- the grain size of crystal grains having ⁇ 211 ⁇ 011> orientation is controlled within an appropriate range.
- the grain boundaries are sufficiently solid-solution strengthened, the dislocation movement at the grain boundaries is suppressed during cold rolling, and the amount of strain introduced into the cold-rolled sheet increases.
- the grain boundary segregation of solute C is insufficient, the amount of strain introduced into the cold-rolled sheet decreases, and the amount of strain introduced into the grains adjacent to the ⁇ 211 ⁇ 011> oriented grains also decreases. Since it decreases, recrystallization of ⁇ 211 ⁇ 011> oriented grains is suppressed.
- the ⁇ 411 ⁇ ⁇ 148> oriented grains are formed by the ⁇ 211> axis rotation of the ⁇ 211 ⁇ ⁇ 011> oriented grains during the cold-rolled steel annealing process. If the grains are not formed in the same direction, the formation of ⁇ 411 ⁇ 148> oriented grains is also difficult. Therefore, it becomes difficult to control the grain size of ⁇ 211 ⁇ 011> oriented grains and ⁇ 411 ⁇ 148> oriented grains.
- the steel sheet before the final cold rolling is cooled to 90°C or less to further increase the degree of supersaturation of dissolved C and increase the driving force for segregation at grain boundaries.
- the lower limit of the temperature for cooling the steel sheet is not particularly set, if the temperature is less than 0°C, the material becomes embrittled and the manufacturability is adversely affected, so it is preferably 0°C or higher.
- the temperature of the steel sheet is cooled to 90° C. or lower by rapid cooling in the annealing immediately before the final cold rolling, the steel sheet is not required to be further cooled because the solute C is already supersaturated.
- the method for cooling the steel plate known techniques such as air cooling, gas cooling, and water cooling can be used.
- the steel plate temperature is not particularly specified, and may be measured by, for example, a radiation thermometer.
- the steel sheet cooled to 90 ° C. or less to increase the degree of supersaturation of solid solution C is heated to a temperature of 100 to 300 ° C. before the final cold rolling to segregate the supersaturated solid solution C at the grain boundary. process.
- solid-solution C segregated at the grain boundaries solid-solution strengthens the grain boundaries, and promotes recrystallization of ⁇ 211 ⁇ ⁇ 011> oriented grains in which strain is difficult to accumulate in the final cold rolling, resulting in ⁇ 211 ⁇ It is possible to control the grain size of the ⁇ 011> oriented grains.
- crystal rotation during recrystallization in the cold-rolled sheet annealing process which will be described later, can also contribute to the control of crystal grains having ⁇ 411 ⁇ 148> orientation.
- the aging treatment temperature is lower than 100°C, the diffusion of solute C decreases and the above effect cannot be obtained sufficiently.
- the temperature exceeds 300° C. solid solution C forms fine carbides and precipitates, and the amount of solid solution C that segregates at grain boundaries decreases, so that the above grain boundary strengthening effect and grain size control effect cannot be obtained.
- the preferred aging treatment temperature is in the range of 150 to 250°C.
- the aging treatment time (soaking time) is preferably in the range of 10 seconds or more and 20 minutes or less.
- a heating method for the aging treatment is not particularly specified. For example, known methods such as heat baths such as air baths, oil baths and sand baths, induction heating, radiation heating using radiant tubes and the like can be used.
- the cooling temperature is the biting temperature in the first pass of the final cold rolling described later.
- the cooling end temperature is preferably 70° C. or less.
- Final Cold Rolling The steel sheet subjected to the series of heat treatments (cooling and aging treatments) described above is subjected to final cold rolling to obtain a cold-rolled sheet having a final thickness (product thickness).
- the first pass of the final cold rolling is performed using work rolls having a surface roughness Ra of 0.05 to 3.0 ⁇ m and a biting temperature of 70 ° C. or less. is important. A specific description will be given below.
- biting temperature in the first pass of the final cold rolling (steel plate temperature when biting in the first pass) is set to 70 ° C. or less is that if the biting temperature exceeds 70 ° C., ⁇ 411 ⁇ ⁇ 148> orientation grains are over-nucleated. As a result, the crystal grains having the ⁇ 411 ⁇ 148> orientation after cold-rolled sheet annealing become finer and do not satisfy the above-mentioned formula (2), resulting in a large decrease in magnetic flux density during core annealing.
- a preferred biting temperature is 50° C. or less.
- the lower limit of the biting temperature is not particularly specified, if it is less than 0°C, the material becomes embrittled and adversely affects the manufacturability, so it is preferably 0°C or higher.
- the means for measuring the biting temperature in the first pass is not particularly specified, it is preferable to measure it with, for example, a radiation thermometer.
- the reason for controlling the surface roughness Ra of the work roll in the first pass of the final cold rolling in the range of 0.05 to 3.0 ⁇ m is that when the surface roughness Ra is less than 0.05 ⁇ m, ⁇ 211 ⁇ 011 >Strain is not sufficiently introduced into oriented crystal grains. As a result, the nucleation of crystal grains having the ⁇ 411 ⁇ 148> orientation becomes insufficient, making it difficult to control the grain size of the crystal grains having the ⁇ 411 ⁇ 148> orientation, and the magnetic flux density after core annealing decreases. decrease significantly. In addition, the amount of strain introduced into the crystal grains adjacent to the ⁇ 211 ⁇ 011> oriented grains is reduced, and the grain growth of the ⁇ 211 ⁇ 011> oriented grains is suppressed.
- the surface roughness Ra of the work roll is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 2.0 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 0.15 to 0.4 ⁇ m.
- the surface roughness Ra is the arithmetic mean roughness defined in JIS B0601 (2001).
- the roll diameter of the work roll used in the first pass of the final cold rolling is preferably 800 mm ⁇ or less, and preferably 600 mm ⁇ or less, from the viewpoint of increasing the coefficient of friction and promoting the introduction of strain into the steel sheet to be rolled. is more preferred.
- the cold-rolled sheet having the final thickness is subjected to cold-rolled sheet annealing (finish annealing) for recrystallization and imparting a steel structure having a predetermined crystal orientation and average grain size.
- the soaking temperature for this cold-rolled sheet annealing must be in the range of 700 to 950°C. If the soaking temperature is less than 700° C., the growth of recrystallized grains may be delayed, and in some cases, recrystallization may be incomplete, leaving a non-recrystallized structure. The residual non-recrystallized structure tends to remain even after core annealing, significantly deteriorating the magnetic properties.
- the soaking temperature is preferably in the range of 750 to 850°C.
- the steel sheet after the cold-rolled sheet annealing is generally formed into a product sheet of non-oriented electrical steel sheet by coating the surface of the steel sheet with an insulating coating.
- the type (component composition), coating method, and weight per unit area of the insulating coating are not particularly limited, but may be appropriately determined according to the properties required for the product sheet.
- a motor core consisting of a rotor core and a stator core using a non-oriented electrical steel sheet as a raw material
- core materials having cross-sectional shapes of the rotor core and the stator core are obtained from the steel sheet by punching or the like, and then the core materials are laminated. Assemble the rotor core and stator core. After that, the stator core is generally subjected to stress relief annealing (core annealing) for removing processing strain and promoting crystal grain growth.
- core annealing stress relief annealing
- the iron loss characteristics are greatly improved, but the magnetic flux density is reduced by the grain growth of crystal grains having orientations unfavorable to magnetism as the grains grow during core annealing, resulting in a texture unfavorable to magnetism. may decrease due to the development of
- the average crystal grain size D2 of ⁇ 411 ⁇ ⁇ 148> oriented grains satisfies the relationship of D2/D1 ⁇ 1.02 with respect to the average crystal grain size D1 of all oriented grains. Therefore, the deterioration amount ⁇ B50 of the magnetic flux density due to core annealing can be reduced to 0.04 T or less.
- a steel slab having a chemical composition with the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities was produced. Thereafter, the steel slab was heated to a temperature of 1100°C for 20 minutes and then hot-rolled at a final rolling temperature of 750°C and a coiling temperature of 700°C to obtain a hot-rolled sheet having a thickness of 2.5 mm. Next, the hot-rolled sheet was subjected to hot-rolled sheet annealing at 1000 ° C.
- Cold rolling final cold rolling
- the soaking time for the aging treatment before the final cold rolling was set to 2 minutes.
- the biting temperature in the first pass before the final cold rolling was obtained by measuring the surface temperature of the steel sheet on the entry side of the first pass with a radiation thermometer.
- the cold-rolled annealed sheets and the core annealed sheets thus obtained were subjected to the following evaluation tests.
- ⁇ Fatigue strength> A tensile fatigue test piece (No. 1 test piece in accordance with JIS Z 227 5: 1978, b: 15 mm, R: 100 mm) with the rolling direction as the tensile direction was taken from the cold-rolled annealed sheet and subjected to a fatigue test. bottom.
- the maximum stress was defined as the fatigue strength.
- the deterioration amount ⁇ B 50 of the magnetic flux density B 50 before and after core annealing was 0.04 T or less, and the magnetic flux density by core annealing was It was evaluated that the decrease in In addition, those having an iron loss W 10/400 of 11.5 W/kg or less after core annealing were evaluated as having excellent iron loss characteristics.
- Table 1 shows the following.
- the heat treatment conditions before cold rolling and the cold rolling conditions were all compatible with the present invention.
- the average grain size D1 of grains in all orientations of the steel sheet after cold-rolled sheet annealing is 75 ⁇ m or less
- the average grain size D2 of grains in the above D1 and ⁇ 411 ⁇ 148> orientations and ⁇ 210 ⁇ 011 is 75 ⁇ m or less
- the average crystal grain size D3 of the oriented grains satisfies the formulas (1) and (2) of the present invention.
- all of the steel sheets of the present invention had a fatigue strength of 470 MPa or more after cold-rolled sheet annealing, and a deterioration amount ⁇ B 50 of the magnetic flux density B 50 due to core annealing was suppressed to 0.04 T or less. I understand.
- steel sheets of comparative examples such as No. In the steel sheets of Nos. 4 and 5, the cooling temperature before the final cold rolling exceeded 90°C, so the average grain size ratio D2/D1 was less than 1.02, and the decrease in magnetic flux density due to core annealing was remarkable. be. Also, No. The steel sheets Nos. 6 to 8, 14 and 15 had an average grain size ratio D2/D1 of less than 1.02 because the aging treatment temperature before the final cold rolling was outside the range of 100 to 300 ° C., and the core annealing The decrease in magnetic flux density due to Also, No.
- the biting temperature in the first pass of the final cold rolling exceeds 70 ° C., so the average grain size ratio D2 / D1 is less than 1.02, and due to core annealing The decrease in magnetic flux density is remarkable.
- the surface roughness of the work roll WR in the first pass of cold rolling exceeds 3.0 ⁇ m, so the average grain size ratio D2/D1 is less than 1.02, and the core annealing The decrease in magnetic flux density is remarkable.
- the surface roughness of the work rolls WR in the first pass of cold rolling is less than 0.05 ⁇ m, and therefore the average grain size ratio D3/D1 is less than 0.60. Yes, and the fatigue strength of 470 MPa cannot be secured.
- the steel sheets of Nos. 50 and 51 had a soaking temperature of less than 700° C. in cold-rolled sheet annealing, so that they contained a non-recrystallized structure after cold-rolled sheet annealing and had significantly poor magnetic properties after core annealing.
- the soaking temperature for cold-rolled sheet annealing exceeds 950° C.
- the average grain size D1 after annealing exceeds 75 ⁇ m, so the fatigue strength after cold-rolled sheet annealing is 470 MPa. found to be lower.
- the surface roughness Ra and biting temperature of the work rolls in the first pass of the final cold rolling were variously changed as shown in Table 3.
- the cold-rolled annealed sheet was subjected to heat treatment at 825° C. for 1 hour simulating core annealing (stress relief annealing) in a reducing atmosphere with a dew point of ⁇ 40° C. and a gas composition shown in Table 3. and
- the cold-rolled annealed sheet and the core annealed sheet thus obtained were subjected to the same evaluation test as in Example 1, and the results are also shown in Table 3.
- the iron loss W 10/400 after core annealing is 8.8 W/kg or less for a sheet thickness of 0.15 mm, 10.3 W/kg or less for a sheet thickness of 0.20 mm, and 11.5 W/kg or less for a sheet thickness of 0.25 mm.
- the plate thickness of 0.30 mm was evaluated to be excellent in iron loss characteristics when the iron loss was 12.5 W/kg or less.
- Tables 2 and 3 show the following. All of the steel sheets of invention examples, which were manufactured from slabs having chemical compositions satisfying the present invention and satisfying the conditions of the present invention, satisfied the conditions of the present invention. That is, the fatigue strength after cold-rolled sheet annealing is 470 MPa or more, the iron loss W 10/400 after core annealing satisfies the above reference value, and the magnetic flux density deterioration allowance ⁇ B 50 due to core annealing is 0.04 T or less. meet. In particular, No. 1 to which Cr was positively added. Steel sheets No. 26 and No. 27 have significantly reduced iron loss after core annealing due to increased specific resistance. In addition, No. 1 to which Ca, Mg and REM were positively added. In the steel sheets No.
- the sulfides in the steel sheets were coarsened and rendered harmless, so that the iron loss after core annealing was greatly reduced.
- No. 1 to which Sn and Sb were positively added The steel sheets of Nos. 33 and 34 have greatly improved magnetic flux densities due to the improvement of the texture of the cold-rolled and annealed sheets.
- No. 1 to which Ni was added The steel sheet No. 35 has a greatly improved magnetic flux density due to an increase in the content of magnetic elements.
- No. 1 to which Cu, Nb, Ti and V were positively added.
- the steel sheets of Nos. 36 to 39 have greatly improved fatigue strength after cold-rolled steel annealing due to the formation of fine precipitates.
- the steel plate of the comparative example specifically, the steel plate of No. 1 in which the C content exceeds 0.0050 mass%.
- the steel sheet No. 1 carbides precipitated at grain boundaries after core annealing, and iron loss after core annealing deteriorated.
- the No. 1 having a C content of less than 0.0005 mass%.
- nuclei of ⁇ 411 ⁇ ⁇ 148> oriented grains are insufficiently formed during cold rolling, and an appropriate structure is not formed after cold-rolled steel annealing, so that the magnetic flux density after core annealing significantly decreases.
- the Si and P contents exceeded 5.0 mass% and 0.1 mass%, respectively.
- the steel sheet of No. 12 has a high iron loss after core annealing because the specific resistance of the steel is small.
- carbide precipitates on the grain boundary and iron loss increases after core annealing.
- the No. 15 steel sheet has a high iron loss value after core annealing because the resistivity of the steel is insufficient.
- the technique of the present invention can be applied not only to the production of non-oriented electrical steel sheets, but also to the production of primary recrystallization annealing sheets of grain-oriented electrical steel sheets with good magnetic flux density.
- the steel sheet of the present invention can be used not only for HEV/EV motors, but also for high-speed motors such as high-efficiency air conditioner motors, spindle motors for machine tools, and railway motors.
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Abstract
Description
D2/D1≧1.02 ・・・(1)
D3/D1≧0.60 ・・・(2)
を満たすことを特徴とする無方向性電磁鋼板である。
・A群;Cr:0.01~5.0mass%
・B群;Ca:0.001~0.01mass%、Mg:0.0001~0.01mass%およびREM:0.001~0.05mass%のうちの少なくとも1種
・C群;Sn:0.001~0.2mass%およびSb:0.001~0.2mass%のうちの少なくとも1種
・D群;Ni:0.01~3.0mass%
・E群;Cu:0.01~0.5mass%、Nb:0.0010~0.05mass%、Ti:0.0010~0.05mass%およびV:0.0010~0.20mass%のうちの少なくとも1種
のうちの少なくとも1群の成分を含有することを特徴とする。
・F群;Ta:0.0001~0.01mass%、B:0.0001~0.005mass%、Ga:0.0001~0.01mass%、Pb:0.0001~0.005mass%、Zn:0.001~0.01mass%、Mo:0.001~0.05mass%およびW:0.001~0.05mass%のうちの少なくとも1種
・G群;Ge:0.001~0.05mass%、As:0.001~0.05mass%およびCo:0.001~0.05mass%のうちの少なくとも1種
のうちの少なくとも1群の成分を含有することを特徴とする。
・A群;Cr:0.01~5.0mass%
・B群;Ca:0.001~0.01mass%、Mg:0.0001~0.01mass%およびREM:0.001~0.05mass%のうちの少なくとも1種
・C群;Sn:0.001~0.2mass%およびSb:0.001~0.2mass%のうちの少なくとも1種
・D群;Ni:0.01~3.0mass%
・E群;Cu:0.01~0.5mass%、Nb:0.0010~0.05mass%、Ti:0.0010~0.05mass%およびV:0.0010~0.20mass%のうちの少なくとも1種
のうちの少なくとも1群の成分を含有することを特徴とする。
・F群;Ta:0.0001~0.01mass%、B:0.0001~0.005mass%、Ga:0.0001~0.01mass%、Pb:0.0001~0.005mass%、Zn:0.001~0.01mass%、Mo:0.001~0.05mass%およびW:0.001~0.05mass%のうちの少なくとも1種
・G群;Ge:0.001~0.05mass%、As:0.001~0.05mass%およびCo:0.001~0.05mass%のうちの少なくとも1種
うちの少なくとも1群の成分を含有することを特徴とする。
C:0.0005~0.0050mass%
Cは、コア焼鈍時に粒界上に炭化物として析出し、コア焼鈍後の鉄損を増大させる有害元素である。この鉄損特性の劣化を防止するためには、鋼板中に含まれるCを0.0050mass%以下に制限する必要がある。一方、本発明は、後述するように、冷間圧延前の鋼板に熱処理を施して固溶Cを粒界に偏析させることで、冷延板焼鈍における圧延組織の再結晶挙動を制御し、特定方位を有する結晶粒の冷延板焼鈍後の平均粒径を制御する技術である。しかし、C含有量が0.0005mass%未満では上記効果が十分に得られない。よって、C含有量は0.0005~0.0050mass%の範囲とする。好ましいC含有量は0.0020~0.0040mass%の範囲である。
Siは、鋼の固有抵抗を高め、鉄損を低減するのに必須の元素である。また、固溶強化によって鋼の強度を高める元素でもある。上記効果を得るため、本発明では、Siを1.0mass%以上添加する。一方、Siが5.0mass%を超えると、靭性が低下し、製造性を害するようになるため、上限は5.0mass%とする。好ましいSi含有量は2.5~4.5mass%の範囲である。
Mnは、Siと同様、鋼の固有抵抗と強度を高めるのに有用な元素である。また、熱間加工性を改善する元素でもある。これらの効果を得るため、Mnは0.05mass%以上添加する。一方、5.0mass%を超えるMnの添加は、MnCの析出を促進し、磁気特性を劣化させる虞があるので、上限は5.0mass%とする。好ましいMn含有量は0.10~3.0mass%の範囲である。
Pは、鋼の強度(硬さ)調整に用いられる有用な元素である。しかし、0.1mass%を超える添加は、靱性を低下し、加工時に割れが生じて製造性を害するようになるため、上限は0.1mass%とする。なお、下限は特に規定しないが、過度のPの低減は、製造コストの上昇を招くことから、0.001mass%程度とするのが好ましい。より好ましいPの含有量は0.005~0.08mass%の範囲である。
Sは、微細硫化物を形成して析出し、鉄損特性に悪影響を及ぼす有害元素である。特に0.010mass%を超えると、その悪影響が顕著になるため、0.010mass%以下に制限する。好ましいSの含有量は0.005mass%以下である。
Alは、Siと同様、鋼の固有抵抗を高め、鉄損を低減する有用な元素である。この効果を得るためには、Alを0.005mass%以上添加することが必要である。一方、3.0mass%を超える添加は、冷延板焼鈍およびコア焼鈍での鋼板表面の窒化を促進し、磁気特性を劣化させる虞があるので、上限は3.0mass%とする。好ましいAlの含有量は0.010~2.0mass%の範囲である。
Nは、冷延板焼鈍およびコア焼鈍時に微細な窒化物を形成して析出し、鉄損特性に悪影響を及ぼす有害元素である。特に0.010mass%を超えると、その悪影響が顕著になるため、上限は0.010mass%とする。好ましいN含有量は0.0030mass%以下である。
Cr:0.01~5.0mass%
Crは、鋼の比抵抗を高め、鉄損を低減する効果がある。この効果を得るためには、Crは0.01mass%以上添加するのが好ましい。一方、5.0mass%を超えると、飽和磁束密度の低下によって磁束密度が低下するようになる。よって、Crを添加する場合は0.01~5.0mass%の範囲で添加するのが好ましい。
Ca、MgおよびREMは、いずれも鋼中のSを硫化物として固定し、鉄損を低減する効果を有する元素である。上記の効果を得るためには、Ca、MgおよびREMをそれぞれ0.001mass%、0.0001mass%および0.001mass%以上添加するのが好ましい。一方、Ca、MgおよびREMをそれぞれ0.01mass%、0.01mass%および0.05mass%を超えて添加すると、上記効果が飽和し、却って原料コストが増大するようになる。そのため、Ca、MgおよびREMは、それぞれ0.01mass%、0.01mass%および0.05mass%を上限として添加するのが好ましい。
SnおよびSbは、冷延板焼鈍後の集合組織を改善し、磁束密度を高める効果を有する元素である。この効果を得るためには、それぞれ0.001mass%以上添加するのが好ましい。一方、0.2mass%を超えると、上記効果は飽和し、また、過度の表面偏析により絶縁被膜の形成不良を招くようになるため、上限はいずれも0.2mass%とするのが好ましい。
Niは、磁性元素、すなわち、常温で強磁性を示す元素であり、積極的に添加することで、磁束密度を高める効果がある。上記効果を得るためには、0.01mass%以上添加するのが好ましい。一方、Ni含有量が3.0mass%を超えると、原料コストが増大するため、上限は3.0mass%程度とするのが好ましい。
Cu、Nb、TiおよびVは、単独または炭化物、窒化物、炭窒化物の形態で微細析出して鋼板の引張強さや疲労強度を高める効果を有する元素である。上記効果を得るためには、Cuは0.01mass%以上、Nb、TiおよびVはそれぞれ0.0010mass%以上添加するのが好ましい。一方、Cuは0.5mass%超え、NbおよびTiは0.05mass%超え、Vは0.20mass%超え添加すると、コア焼鈍時の粒成長を阻害し、コア焼鈍後の鉄損を増大させる虞がある。そのため、Cu、Nb、TiおよびVの上限は、それぞれCu:0.5mass%、TiおよびNb:0.05mass%、V:0.20mass%とするのが好ましい
上記元素は、単独の析出物または他の元素と微細析出物・介在物を形成して鋼板の引張強さや疲労強度を高める効果を有する元素である。上記効果を得るためには、Ta、B、GaおよびPbはそれぞれ0.0001mass%以上、Zn、MoおよびWはそれぞれ0.001mass%以上添加するのが好ましい。一方、過剰に添加し過ぎると、コア焼鈍時の粒成長を阻害し、コア焼鈍後の鉄損を増大させるため、上記上限値以下に制限するのが好ましい。より好ましくは、Ta:0.0002~0.002mass%、B:0.0002~0.002mass%、Ga:0.0002~0.005mass%、Pb:0.0002~0.002mass%、Zn:0.002~0.005mass%、Mo:0.002~0.03mass%およびW:0.002~0.03mass%の範囲である。
上記元素は、磁束密度を向上し、鉄損を低減する効果があるので、適宜、添加することができる。上記の効果を得るためにはそれぞれ0.001mass%以上添加するのが好ましい。しかし、0.05mass%を超えて添加しても、上記効果が飽和するため、上限は、それぞれ0.05mass%とするのが好ましい。より好ましくは、それぞれ0.002~0.03mass%の範囲である。
平均結晶粒径D1:75μm以下
鋼板の疲労強度は、結晶粒径を微細化することで向上する。そこで、本発明の無方向性電磁鋼板は、冷延板焼鈍後の鋼板に必要な疲労強度470MPa以上を付与するため、鋼板全体、すなわち、全方位の結晶粒の平均結晶粒径が75μm以下であることを必要条件とする。なお、本発明では上記全方位粒の平均結晶粒径をD1と表記する。
次に、本発明の無方向性電磁鋼板は、{411}<148>方位を有する結晶粒の平均結晶粒径をD2としたとき、上記D2が前述した全方位粒の平均結晶粒径D1よりも大きく、下記(1)式;
D2/D1≧1.02 ・・・(1)
を満たしていることが必要である。この関係式を満たすことで、コア焼鈍によるステータコア材の磁束密度の劣化代ΔB50を0.04T以下に抑制することができる。
次に、本発明の無方向性電磁鋼板は、{211}<011>方位を有する結晶粒の平均結晶粒径をD3としたとき、上記D3は、先述した全方位粒の平均結晶粒径D1に対して、下記(2)式;
D3/D1≧0.60 ・・・(2)
を満たしていることが必要である。上記(2)式を満たすことで、疲労強度を高めることができる。特に、先述した全方位粒の平均結晶粒径D1が75μm以下で、かつ、上記(2)式を満たした場合には、EV/HEV駆動用モータのロータコア材に必要とされる470MPa以上の疲労強度を安定して得ることができる。
組織観察用の試験片の圧延方向に垂直な断面(いわゆるC断面)を観察面とし、この観察面をコロイダルシリカで研磨し、鏡面化した後、電子線後方散乱回折(EBSD)で観察面のミクロ組織構造を測定する。測定条件は、ステップサイズ:0.1μmとし、測定領域は10mm2以上、もしくは後述する結晶粒が5000個以上を観察できる領域とする。
次いで、上記測定結果に対して、解析ソフト:OIM Analysis 8.5を用いて、CI値>0.1の測定点のみを解析し、解析ソフトのGrain Dilation機能 (Grain Tolerance Angle:10°、 Minimum Grain Size:2) 、Grain CI Standardization機能 (Grain Tolerance Angle:10°、 Minimum Grain Size:2) 、および、Single (Average) Orientation per Grain機能 (Grain Tolerance Angle:10°) の条件でクリーンアップ処理を順に1回ずつ実施した後、局所方位データの解析を行ない、平均結晶粒径D1-D3を求める。
具体的には、冷延焼鈍板の全方位粒の平均結晶粒径D1は、結晶粒界をGrain Tolerance Angleを10°として定義した上で、Grain Size (diameter) のArea Averageを求める。
また、{411}<148>方位粒の平均結晶粒径D2は、CI値>0.1かつCrystal Orientation機能を用いて、(114)[4-81]、(141)[-814]、(141)[-4-18]および(411)[-1-48]の4種の結晶方位のうち、Toleranceが15°未満の方位差を有する結晶粒のみを解析する。次いで、結晶粒界をGrain Tolerance Angleを10°として定義した上で、Grain Size (diameter) のArea Averageを求める。なお、上記4種の結晶方位は、母相であるフェライトがCubic対称性がある場合には、{411}<148>方位が満たす結晶学的に等価な結晶方位(バリアント)である。
また、{211}<011>方位粒の平均結晶粒径D3は、上記と同様、Crystal Orientation機能を用いて、(211)[01-1]および(211)[0-11]の2種の結晶方位のうち、Toleranceが15°未満の方位差を有する結晶粒のみを解析して求める。
本発明の無方向性電磁鋼板は、上記した成分組成を有する鋼素材(スラブ)を製造した後、上記スラブを熱間圧延して熱延板とする。次いで、上記熱延板に熱延板焼鈍を施した後、酸洗し、1回の冷間圧延または中間焼鈍を挟む2回以上の冷間圧延をして最終板厚(製品板厚)の冷延板とし、該冷延板に冷延板焼鈍を施すことにより製造する。以下、具体的に説明する。
本発明の無方向性電磁鋼板の製造に用いる鋼素材(スラブ)は、転炉や電気炉、あるいはさらに真空脱ガス設備等を用いる従来公知の精錬プロセスを用いて前述した本発明に適合する成分組成に調整した鋼を溶製した後、スラブを製造する。なお、スラブを製造する方法は、連続鋳造法や造塊-分塊圧延法、薄スラブ連続鋳造法等、いずれの方法を用いてもよい。
次いで、上記スラブは、所定の温度に加熱した後、熱間圧延して所定の板厚の熱延板とする。この熱間圧延の条件は特に限定しないが、例えば、スラブの加熱温度は1050~1230℃、熱間圧延の仕上圧延終了温度は800~950℃、熱間圧延後の平均冷却速度は20~100℃/s、コイル巻取温度は400~700℃の範囲とするのが好ましい。
次いで、上記熱間圧延した熱延板は、圧延組織を完全に再結晶させて組織を均質化するため、熱延板焼鈍を施す。熱延板焼鈍の条件は特に規定しないが、均熱温度は800~1100℃、均熱時間は3~100sの範囲とするのが好ましい。
次いで、上記熱延板焼鈍後の鋼板は、酸洗して脱スケールする。酸洗条件は、冷間圧延を施すことができる程度に脱スケールできればよく、例えば塩酸または硫酸等を用いた常法の酸洗を適用することができる。なお、この酸洗は、上記熱延板焼鈍ライン内において焼鈍後に実施してもよいし、別のラインで実施してもよい。
次いで、脱スケールした熱延板は、冷間圧延して最終板厚(製品板厚)の冷延板とする。この冷間圧延は、1回の冷間圧延で最終板厚としてもよいし、中間焼鈍を挟む2回以上の冷間圧延で最終板厚としてもよい。この際、最終板厚とする冷間圧延(最終冷間圧延)の圧下率は80%以上とすることが好ましい。この圧下率を80%以上とすることで、冷延板焼鈍後の集合組織の先鋭性を高め、磁気特性を向上することができる。なお、圧下率の上限は特に規制しないが、98%を超えると圧延負荷が顕著に増加するので、98%程度とするのが好ましい。
ここで、本発明においては、上記最終冷間圧延を行う前の鋼板に、所定の熱処理を施す、具体的には、鋼板を90℃以下に冷却した後、100~300℃の温度に加熱して時効処理し、再度冷却する熱処理を施すことが重要である。
上記した一連の熱処理(冷却、時効処理)を施した鋼板は、最終冷間圧延して最終板厚(製品板厚)の冷延板とする。この際、本発明においては、上記最終冷間圧延の1パス目を、表面粗さRaが0.05~3.0μmのワークロールを用い、かつ、噛込温度を70℃以下として圧延することが重要である。以下、具体的に説明する。
次いで、上記最終板厚とした冷延板は、再結晶させて所定の結晶方位と平均結晶粒径を有する鋼組織を付与するための冷延板焼鈍(仕上焼鈍)を施す。この冷延板焼鈍の均熱温度は700~950℃の範囲とする必要がある。均熱温度が700℃未満では、再結晶粒の成長が遅延したり、場合によっては再結晶が不完全となって未再結晶組織が残留したりする虞がある。残留した未再結晶組織は、コア焼鈍後も残留する傾向があり、磁気特性を著しく低下させる。一方、均熱温度が950℃を超えると、再結晶粒が過度に粗大化し、冷延板焼鈍後の平均結晶粒径D1を75μm以下とすることができなくなる。なお、ロータコアに求められる高い強度特性と優れた磁気特性を安定的に確保する観点から、均熱温度は750~850℃の範囲とするのが好ましい。
<疲労強度>
上記の冷延焼鈍板から、圧延方向を引張方向とする引張疲労試験片(JIS Z 227 5:1978に準拠した1号試験片、b:15mm、R:100mm)を採取し、疲労試験に供した。疲労試験は、引張り-引張り(片振り)、応力比(=最小応力/最大応力):0.1および周波数:20Hzの条件で疲労試験を実施し、繰り返し数107回において疲労破断を起こさない最大応力を疲労強度とした。その結果、疲労強度が470MPa以上のものを疲労特性に優れていると評価した。
<磁気特性>
上記の冷延焼鈍板およびコア焼鈍板のそれぞれから、長さ方向を圧延方向および圧延直角方向とする、幅30mm×長さ180mmの磁気測定用試験片を採取した。次いで、上記試験片をJIS C 2550-1:2011に準拠したエプスタイン法で、冷延焼鈍板については磁束密度B50を、コア焼鈍板については磁束密度B50および鉄損W10/400を測定した。その結果、コア焼鈍前後の磁束密度B50の劣化代ΔB50(コア焼鈍前の磁束密度B50-コア焼鈍後の磁束密度B50)が0.04T以下であるものを、コア焼鈍による磁束密度の低下が抑制されていると評価した。また、コア焼鈍後の鉄損W10/400が11.5W/kg以下であるものを鉄損特性に優れていると評価した。
本発明の条件を満たして製造された発明例の鋼板は、いずれも冷間圧延前の熱処理条件および冷間圧延条件が本発明に適合していた。具体的には、冷延板焼鈍後の鋼板の全方位粒の平均結晶粒径D1が75μm以下で、上記D1と{411}<148>方位粒の平均結晶粒径D2および{210}<011>方位粒の平均結晶粒径D3が本発明の(1)式および(2)式を満たしている。その結果、本発明例の鋼板は、いずれも冷延板焼鈍後の鋼板の疲労強度が470MPa以上でかつコア焼鈍による磁束密度B50の劣化代ΔB50が0.04T以下に抑制されていることがわかる。
また、No.6~8、14および15の鋼板は、最終冷間圧延前の時効処理温度が100~300℃の範囲外であるため、平均結晶粒径比D2/D1が1.02未満であり、コア焼鈍による磁束密度の低下が顕著である。
また、No.16~24および39~49の鋼板は、最終冷間圧延1パス目の噛込温度が70℃を超えているため、平均結晶粒径比D2/D1が1.02未満であり、コア焼鈍による磁束密度の低下が顕著である。
また、No.37および38の鋼板は、冷間圧延1パス目のワークロールWRの表面粗さが3.0μmを超えているため、平均結晶粒径比D2/D1が1.02未満であり、コア焼鈍による磁束密度の低下が顕著である。
また、No.28、29、39および40の鋼板は、冷間圧延1パス目のワークロールWRの表面粗さが0.05μm未満であるため、いずれも平均結晶粒径比D3/D1が0.60未満であり、疲労強度470MPaを確保できていない。
また、No.50および51の鋼板は、冷延板焼鈍の均熱温度が700℃未満のため、冷延板焼鈍後に未再結晶組織を含み、コア焼鈍後の磁気特性が顕著に悪い。
一方、No.56および57の鋼板は、冷延板焼鈍の均熱温度が950℃を超えているため、焼鈍後の平均結晶粒径D1が75μmを超えているため、冷延板焼鈍後の疲労強度が470MPaより低いことがわかる。
本発明を満たす成分組成のスラブを素材とし、本発明の条件を満たして製造された発明例の鋼板は、いずれも本発明の条件を満たしている。すなわち、冷延板焼鈍後の疲労強度が470MPa以上で、コア焼鈍後の鉄損W10/400が上記基準値を満たし、コア焼鈍による磁束密度の劣化代ΔB50が0.04T以下の条件を満たしている。
特に、Crを積極的に添加したNo.26および27の鋼板は、比抵抗が増大したことで、コア焼鈍後の鉄損が大きく低減している。
また、Ca、MgおよびREMを積極的に添加したNo.28~32の鋼板は、鋼板中の硫化物が粗大化して無害化されたことで、コア焼鈍後の鉄損が大きく低減している。
また、SnおよびSbを積極的に添加したNo.33および34の鋼板は、冷延板焼鈍板の集合組織の改善により、磁束密度が大きく向上している。
また、Niを添加したNo.35の鋼板は、磁性元素の含有量の増大により、磁束密度が大きく向上している。
また、Cu、Nb、TiおよびVを積極的に添加したNo.36~39の鋼板は、微細析出物の形成により、冷延板焼鈍後の疲労強度が大きく向上している。
また、Ca、Mg、REMおよびSn、Sbの複合添加したNo.40~42の鋼板は、鋼中のSが硫化物として固定化されたことにより、コア焼鈍後の鉄損が低減し、磁束密度が向上している。
また、Ta、B、Ga、Pb、Zn、MoおよびWのうちの少なくとも1種を積極的に添加したNo.43~49の鋼板は、微細析出物の形成により、冷延板焼鈍後の疲労強度が大きく向上している。
また、Ge、AsおよびCoのうちの少なくとも1種を積極的に添加したNo.50~52の鋼板は、磁束密度が大きく向上している。
また、C含有量が0.0005mass%未満のNo.7の鋼板は、冷間圧延における{411}<148>方位粒の核の形成が不足し、冷延板焼鈍後に適正な組織が形成されないため、コア焼鈍後の磁束密度の低下が著しい。
また、SiおよびPの含有量がそれぞれ5.0mass%、0.1mass%を超えるNo.8および17の鋼板は、冷間圧延時に破断を起こし、製品化できていない。
また、Si含有量が1.0mass%未満のNo.12の鋼板は、鋼の比抵抗が小さいためコア焼鈍後の鉄損が高い。
また、Mn含有量が5.0mass%を超えるNo.13の鋼板は、コア焼鈍後に粒界上に炭化物が析出してコア焼鈍後の鉄損が増大している。
一方、Mn含有量が0.05mass%未満のNo.15鋼板は、鋼の比抵抗が不十分であるためコア焼鈍後の鉄損値が高い値となっている。
また、S含有量が0.01mass%を超えるNo.19の鋼板は、硫化物が多数析出してコア焼鈍時の粒成長を阻害したため、コア焼鈍後の鉄損が増大している。
また、Al含有量が3.0mass%を超えるNo.20の鋼板は、コア焼鈍時に鋼板表層が窒化し、コア焼鈍後の鉄損が増大している。
また、N含有量が0.01mass%を超えるNo.24の鋼板は、コア焼鈍時に鋼板中に微細な窒化物が析出してコア焼鈍後の鉄損が増大している。
Claims (6)
- C:0.0005~0.0050mass%、Si:1.0~5.0mass%、Mn:0.05~5.0mass%、P:0~0.1mass%、S:0~0.010mass%、Al:0.005~3.0mass%およびN:0~0.010mass%を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避不純物からなる成分組成を有し、
電子線後方散乱回折で測定した全方位の結晶粒の平均結晶粒径をD1、{411}<148>方位を有する結晶粒の平均結晶粒径をD2、{211}<011>方位を有する結晶粒の平均結晶粒径をD3としたとき、
上記D1が75μm以下で、かつ、上記D1~D3が下記(1)式および(2)式を満たすことを特徴とする無方向性電磁鋼板。
記
D2/D1≧1.02 ・・・(1)
D3/D1≧0.60 ・・・(2) - 上記成分組成に加えてさらに、下記A~E群のうちの少なくとも1群の成分を含有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の無方向性電磁鋼板。
記
・A群;Cr:0.01~5.0mass%
・B群;Ca:0.001~0.01mass%、Mg:0.0001~0.01mass%およびREM:0.001~0.05mass%のうちの少なくとも1種
・C群;Sn:0.001~0.2mass%およびSb:0.001~0.2mass%のうちの少なくとも1種
・D群;Ni:0.01~3.0mass%
・E群;Cu:0.01~0.5mass%、Nb:0.0010~0.05mass%、Ti:0.0010~0.05mass%およびV:0.0010~0.20mass%のうちの少なくとも1種 - 上記成分組成に加えてさらに、下記FおよびG群のうちの少なくとも1群の成分を含有することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の無方向性電磁鋼板。
記
・F群;Ta:0.0001~0.01mass%、B:0.0001~0.005mass%、Ga:0.0001~0.01mass%、Pb:0.0001~0.005mass%、Zn:0.001~0.01mass%、Mo:0.001~0.05mass%およびW:0.001~0.05mass%のうちの少なくとも1種
・G群;Ge:0.001~0.05mass%、As:0.001~0.05mass%およびCo:0.001~0.05mass%のうちの少なくとも1種 - C:0.0005~0.0050mass%、Si:1.0~5.0mass%、Mn:0.05~5.0mass%、P:0~0.1mass%、S:0~0.010mass%、Al:0.005~3.0mass%およびN:0~0.010mass%を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避不純物からなる成分組成を有する鋼スラブを熱間圧延し、熱延板焼鈍を施した後、1回の冷間圧延または中間焼鈍を挟む2回以上の冷間圧延をして最終板厚の冷延板とし、該冷延板に冷延板焼鈍を施す無方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法において、
上記最終板厚とする冷間圧延前の鋼板に、90℃以下に冷却し、100~300℃の温度で時効した後、再度冷却する熱処理を施し、
上記最終板厚とする冷間圧延の1パス目の圧延を、表面粗さRaが0.05~3.0μmのワークロールを用いて、70℃以下の噛込温度で行い、
上記冷延板焼鈍の均熱温度を、700~950℃の範囲とすることを特徴とする無方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。 - 上記鋼スラブは、上記成分組成に加えてさらに、下記A~E群のうちの少なくとも1群の成分を含有することを特徴とする請求項4に記載の無方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
記
・A群;Cr:0.01~5.0mass%
・B群;Ca:0.001~0.01mass%、Mg:0.0001~0.01mass%およびREM:0.001~0.05mass%のうちの少なくとも1種
・C群;Sn:0.001~0.2mass%およびSb:0.001~0.2mass%のうちの少なくとも1種
・D群;Ni:0.01~3.0mass%
・E群;Cu:0.01~0.5mass%、Nb:0.0010~0.05mass%、Ti:0.0010~0.05mass%およびV:0.0010~0.20mass%のうちの少なくとも1種 - 上記鋼スラブは、下記FおよびG群のうちの少なくとも1群の成分を含有することを特徴とする請求項4または5に記載の無方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
記
・F群;Ta:0.0001~0.01mass%、B:0.0001~0.005mass%、Ga:0.0001~0.01mass%、Pb:0.0001~0.005mass%、Zn:0.001~0.01mass%、Mo:0.001~0.05mass%およびW:0.001~0.05mass%のうちの少なくとも1種
・G群;Ge:0.001~0.05mass%、As:0.001~0.05mass%およびCo:0.001~0.05mass%のうちの少なくとも1種
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| WO2025159168A1 (ja) * | 2024-01-25 | 2025-07-31 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 無方向性電磁鋼板、ロータコア、ステータコア、及び、モータ |
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| WO2025104477A1 (en) * | 2023-11-15 | 2025-05-22 | Arcelormittal | A double cold rolled non-oriented electrical steel and a method of manufacturing non-oriented electrical steel thereof |
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